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THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

RIVERSIDE 

GIFT  OF 


Clifford  Wurfel 


/t^ 


^.  ^-^- 


HISTOEY 


OK 


HENNEPIN   COUNTY 


AND  THE 


CITY  OF  MINNEAPOLIS, 


INCLUDING   THE  L' 

/  'I 


EXPLORERS  AND  PIONEERS   of  MINNESOTA, 


l!v  KEV.  EDWARD  D.  NEILL, 


AND 


OUTLINES  OF  THE  HISTORY  OF  MINNESOTA, 


Bv  J.  FLETCHEK  WILLIAMS, 


MINNEAPOLIS  : 
NORTH  STAR  PUBLISHING  COMPANY. 

1881. 


JOHNSON,  SMITH  &  HARRISON, 

PRINTERS. 

JIINNEATOLIS,   MINN. 


PREFACE 


We  live  not  alone  in  the  present  but  also  in  the  past  and  future.  The 
radius  that  circumscribes  our  lives  must  necessarily  extend  backward  indefi- 
nitely and  forward  infinitely.  We  can  never  look  out  thoughtfully  at  our  im- 
mediate surroundings  but  a  course  of  reasoning  will  start  up  leading  us  to 
inquire  the  causes  that  produced  the  development  around  us,  and  at  the  same 
time  we  are  led  to  conjecture  the  results  to  follow  causes  now  in  operation. 
We  are  thus  linked  indissolubly  with  the  past  and  the  future. 

"  Now  for  my  life,"  says  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  "  it  is  a  miracle  of  thirty 
years,  which  to  relate  were  not  a  history,  but  a  piece  of  poetry,  and  would 
sound  to  common  ears  like  a  fable.  *  '='  Men  that  look  upon  my  outside, 
perusing  only  my  condition  and  fortune,  do  err  in  my  altitude  ;  for  I  am  above 
Atlas  his  shoulders.  I  take  my  circle  to  be  above  three  hundred  and  sixty. 
Though  the  number  of  the  arc  do  measure  my  body,  it  comprehendeth  not 
my  mind." 

If,  then,  the  past  is  not  simply  a  stepping-stone  to  the  future,  but  a  part 
of  our  very  selves,  we  can  not  afford  to  ignore  it,  or  separate  it  from  ourselves, 
as  a  member  might  be  lopped  off  from  our  bodies  ;  for  though  the  body  thus 
maimed  might  perform  many  and  perhaps  most  of  its  functions,  still  it  could 
never  again  be  called  complete. 

We,  therefore,  present  this  volume  to  our  patrons  in  Hennepin  county, 
not  as  something  extrinsic,  to  which  we  would  attract  their  notice  and  secure 
their  favor,  but  as  a  part  of  themselves,  and  an  important  part,  which  it  is  the 
province  of  the  historian  to  re-invigorate  and  restore  to  its  rightful  owner. 
Moveover,  we  can  not  but  hope  that  we  shall  thus  confer  much  pleasure. 
The  recounting  of  events  which  have  transpired  in  our  own  neighborhood  is 
the  most  interesting  of  all  history.  There  is  a  fascination  in  the  study  of  the 
intermingled  fact  and  fiction  of  the  past  which  is  heightened  by  a  familiarity 
with  the  localities  described.  The  writer  remembers  the  glow  of  enthusiasm 
with  which  he  once  stood  at  the  entrance  of  the  old  fort  at  Ticonderoga,  and 
repeated  the  words  of  Ethan  Allen  :  "  In  the  name  of  the  Great  Jehovah  and 
the  Continental  Congress,  etc."  "  The  river  which  flows  through  our  native 
village  acquires  a  new  interest  when,  in  imagination,  we  see  the  Indian  canoe 
on  its  surface  and  the  skin-covered  tepee  on  its  banks,  as  in  days  of  yore. 
Log  cabins,  straw  roofs,  and  the  rude  "  betterments  "  of  the  hardy  pioneer, 
are  the  next  changes  on  the  scene,  followed  soon  by  mushroom  towns,  some 
of  which  perish  as  quickly  as  they  spring  up,  while  others  astonish  us  by 
their  rapid  growth  ;  cities  are  built,  and  moss  and  ivy,  the  evidences  of  age, 
soon  accumulate.  The  log  cabin  and  all  the  incipient  steps  of  first  settlement 
are  things  of  the  past ;  "The  place  which  knew  them  shall  know  them  no  more 
forever." 


iv  PBEFACE. 

Our  purpose  is  to  present  these  pictures  in  their  natural  succession, 
arousing  the  enthusiasm  of  the  reader,  if  possible,  giving  him  a  more  vig- 
orous enjoyment  of  the  present  by  linking  it  with  the  past.  The  compass  of 
the  work  is  wide,  extending  over  a  long  period  of  time,  embracing  the  accounts 
of  early  explorers,  also  reaching  back  among  the  legends  of  the  past,  and 
approaching  the  events  of  to-day,  almost  undesignedly  casting  a  prophetic 
glance  forward  at  what  must  be  the  future  after  such  a  beginning. 

St.  Anthony  P'alls  and  the  environs  present  an  exceptionally  rich  field 
for  a  work  of  this  character.  By  situation,  it  was  the  highway  of  travel  for 
Indian  and  white  man,  explorer,  missionary,  voyageur  and  trader.  This  was 
the  favorite  hunting  ground  as^well  as  the  battle-field  of  our  savage  predeces- 
sors. Here,  too,  they  calmed  their  barbarous  hearts,  and  bowed  in  worship 
of  the  Manitou,  whose  abode  was  at  the  great  water-fall. 

Incidents  connected  with  the  early  settlement  derive  interest  from  the 
military  reservation,  and  are  unique  in  character.  While  reviewing  these 
events  and  enterprises  inaugurated  for  the  development  of  the  county,  we 
come  to  regret  that  we  can  not  claim  the  prestige  belonging  to  the  aristocracy 
of  early  settlers. 

To  eive  in  detail  all  the  various  sources  from  which  the  facts  here  g-iven 
have  been  obtained,  would  be  tedious  if  not  impracticable.  It  may  be  suffi- 
cient to  say  that  it  fairly  presents  the  history  of  our  remarkable  development 
and  a  faithful  picture  of  our  present  condition.  We  must,  however,  express 
our  obligations  to  a  host  of  living  witnesses,  from  whom  a  large  portion  of  the 
facts  have  been  obtained  and  doubtful  points  verified  ;  they  have  our  hearty 
thanks.  Material  has  been  drawn  largely  from  the  columns  of  newspapers, 
which  have  given,  from  time  to  time,  a  record  of  passing  events.  The  contri- 
bution of  Rev.  Edward  D.  Neill  will  be  of  great  permanent  value  in  imperish- 
able print,  and  will  be  greatly  prized  by  histographers  everywhere.  We  have 
also  drawn  upon  the  accumulation  of  facts  in  the  possession  of  the  Minnesota 
Historical  Society,  for  a  valuable  paper  by  its  secretary,  Mr.  J.  Fletcher  Wil- 
liams. The  value  of  a  reservoir  of  historical  data  at  the  capital  of  the  state, 
for  such  purposes,  was  fully  appreciated,  and  the  maintenance  of  such  a 
centre  of  information  can  not  be  too  strongly  advocated. 

In  conclusion,  we  have  an  obligation  to  express  to  our  patrons,  and  are 
pleased  to  acknowledge  a  liberal  patronage  and  more  than  ordinary  courtesy 
toward  our  employees  ;  for  all  of  which  we  tender  our  hearty  thanks.  Hoping 
that  those  who  have  subscribed  for  and  are  about  to  receive  this  volume,  will 
favor  it  with  a  kind  reception,  and  take  as  much  interest  in  reading  as  we 
have  in  compiling  the  history  of  Hennepin  county,  we  are,  very  respectfully, 

Yours, 

GEO.  E.  WARNER, 
CHAS.  M.  FOOTE. 


CONTENTS 


Preface, 

Map, 


PAGE 

iii 

opp.  1 


CHAPTER  I— XXIir. 


Explorers  and  Pioneers  of  Afinnesota — Rev. 

Edward  Duffield  Neil),  -  -  1-128 

CHAPTERS  XXIV— XXIX. 

Outlines  of  the  History  of  Jlinncsota   from 

1*58  to  1881— .J.  Fletcher  Williams,     -         1;>9-1G0 

CHAPTER  XXX. 
Fort  Snelling,  -  -  -         161-166 

CHAPTERS  XXXI— XXXIV. 
Hcnne]>in  C'onuty  History,        -  -  167-187 

firAPTER  XXXV. 
War  Record,       -  -  -  -  188-211 

CHAPTER  XXXVI. 
Richfield,  -  -  -  .  212-221 

CHAPTER  XXXVII. 
Bloomiiigton,      -  -  -  -  222-2:!0 

CHAPTKl;   XXXVllI. 
Eden  Prairie,      -  -  -  -  2:U-2:57 

.  CHAPTER  XXXIX. 
Minnetonka,      -  -  -  -  238-246 

CHAPTER  XL. 
Excelsior,  .  -  .  .  247-256 

CHAPTER  XLI. 

Jlinnetrista,       .  .  -  -  2.")7-262 

CHAPTER  XLII. 
Independence,    -  -  -  -  263-268 

CHAPTER  XLIII. 
Medina,  .  -  .  .  268-277 

CHAPTER  XMV. 
Crystal  Lake,     -  -  -  -  278-284 


lirooklyn. 


Os.seo, 


Chaniplin, 


Davton, 


Ila.ssan, 


(ireenwood. 


Corcoran, 


CHAPTER  XLV. 


CHAPTER  XLVL 


CHAPTER  XLVIL 


CHAPTER  XLVIII. 


CHAPTER  XLIX. 


CHAPTER  L. 


CHAPTER  LI. 


CHAPTER  LII 
Maple  Grove,     -  -  -  - 

CHAPTER  LIII. 
Plymouth,  -  -  .  . 

CHAPTER  LIV. 

Minnea])olis,  Town  of, 

CHAPTER  LV. 
Sain*  Anthony,  Town  of, 

CHAPTERS  LVI— LXXV. 

Minneapolis,  City  of,     -  -  - 

CHAPTERS  LXXVI— LXXXIV 

Minneajiolis.  City,  lliofiraiiliies, 

CHAPTER  LXXXV. 
Clironolosry,         -  -  «  . 

CHAPTER  LXXXVI. 
Directory,  -  .  .  . 

IXDEX,  .... 


PAGE 
2a5-293 


294-297 


298- .-JOl 


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.307-310 


.311-316 


317-321 


322-328 


328-338 


339-3.-.3 


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3.>7-499 


499-662 


662-668 


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EXPLORERS 


AND 


PIONEERS    OF    MINNESOTA. 


CHAPTER   I. 


FOOTPRrNTS  OF  CIVILIZATION  TOWAKD  THE  EXTKEMITT  OF  LAKE  SUPERIOR. 


Minnesotii's  Central  Position. — D'Avagour's  Prediction, — Nicolefs  Visit  to  Green 
B.iy.— First  T\liite  Men  in  Minnesota. — Xotices  of  Groselliers  and  Radisson. — 
Hurons  Flee  to  Minnesota. — Visited  l)y  Frenchmen. — Father  Menard  Disap- 
pears.— Groselliers  Visits  Hudson's  Bay. — Father  Allouez  Describes  the  Sioux 
Mission  at  La  Pointe. — Father  Marquette.— Sioux  at  Sault  St.  Marie. — .Jesuit 
Missions  Fail.— Groselliers  Visits  Engl.ind.— Captain  Gillam,  of  Boston,  at  Hud- 
son's Bay. — Letter  of  Mother  Superior  of  Ur^ulines.,  at  Quebec. — Death  of 
Grcselliers. 

The  Dakotahs,  called  by  the  Ojibways,  Nado- 
waysioux,  or  Sioux  (Soos),  as  abbreviatsd  by  the 
French,  used  to  claim  superiority  over  other  peo- 
ple, because,  their  sacred  men  asserted  that  the 
mouth  of  the  Minnesota  River  was  immediately 
over  the  centre  of  the  earth,  and  below  the  centre 
of  the  heavens. 

While  this  teaching  is  very  different  from  tliat 
of  the  modern  astronomer,  it  is  certainly  true, 
that  the  region  west  of  Lake  Superior,  extending 
through  the  valley  of  the  Miimesota,  to  the  Mis- 
souri River,  is  one  of  the  most  healthful  and  fer- 
tile regions  beneatli  the  skies,  and  may  prove  to 
be  the  centre  of  the  republic  of  the  United  States 
f)f  America.  Baron  D'Avagour,  a  brave  officer, 
who  was  killed  in  fighting  tlie  Turks,  while  he 
was  Governor  of  Canada,  in  a  dispatch  to  the 
French  Government,  dated  August  14th,  1663, 
after  referring  to  Lake  Huron,  vvTote,  that  beyond 
"  is  met  another,  called  Lake  Superior,  the  waters 
of  which,  it  is  believed,  flow  into  Xew  Spain,  and 
this,  according  to  general  opinion,  ought  to  he  tlie 
centre  of  the  country." 

As  early  as  1635,  one  of  Champlain's  interpre- 
ters, Jean  Nicolet  (Kicolay),  who  came  to  Cana- 
da in  1618,  reached  the  western  shores  of  Lake 
Michigan.    In  the  summer  of  1634  he  ascended 


Entered  according  to  act  I'l'l'ii 


I  Hie  year  1S81,  by  Gbo.  E.  Wabkkr  ani 


the  St.  Lawrence,  with  a  party  of  Hurons,  and 
probably  during  the  next  winter  was  trading  at 
Green  Bay,  in  Wisconsm.  On  the  ninth  of  De- 
cember, 1635,  he  had  returned  to  Canada,  and  on 
the  7th  of  October,  1637,  was  married  at  Quebec, 
and  the  next  month,  went  to  Three  Rivers,  where 
he  lived  until  1642,  when  he  died.  Of  him  it  is 
said,  in  a  letter  written  in  1640,  that  he  had  pen- 
etrated farthest  into  those  distant  coimtries,  and 
that  if  he  had  proceeded  "  three  days  more  on  a 
great  river  which  flows  from  that  lake  [Green 
Bay]  he  would  have  found  the  sea." 

The  first  white  men  in  Minnesota,  of  whom  we 
have  any  record,  were,  according  to  Garneau,  two 
persons  of  Huguenot  aflinities,  Medard  Chouart, 
known  as  Sieur  Groselliers,  and  Pierre  d'Esprit, 
called  Sieur  Radisson. 

Groselliers  (pronounced  Gro-zay-yay)  was  bom 
near  Ferte-sous-Jouarre,  eleven  miles  east  of 
Meaux,  in  France,  and  when  about  sixteen  years 
of  age,  in  the  year  1641,  came  to  Canada.  The  fur 
trade  was  the  great  avenue  to  prosperity,  and  in 
1646,  he  was  among  the  Huron  Indians,  who  then 
dwelt  upon  tlie  eastern  shore  of  Lake  Huron, 
bartering  for  peltries.  On  the  second  of  Septem- 
ber, 1647,  at  Quebec,  he  was  married  to  Helen, 
the  widow  of  Claude  Etieime,  who  was  the  daugh- 
ter of  a  pilot,  Abraham  Martin,  whose  baptismal 
name  is  still  attached  to  the  suburbs  of  that  city, 
the  "  Plains  of  Abraham,''  made  famous  by  the 
death  there,  of  General  Wolfe,  of  the  English 
army,  m  1759,  and  of  General  Montgomery,  of 
the  Continental  army,  in  December,  1775,  at  the 

\  C.  M,  FooTK,  in  tlie  office  of  the  Librari.^n  ofCongress.  at  Washin^on,  D.  C. 


EXPLORERS  AXn  PIOXEERS  OF  MIA'XESOTA. 


commencement  of  the  "  War  for  Independence." 
His  son,  !Medard,  was  bom  in  1657,  and  tlie  next 
jear  his  motlier  died.  The  second  wife  of  Gro- 
selliers  was  ilarguerite  Ilayet(IIaTay)  Radisson. 
the  sister  of  liis  associate,  in  tlie  exploration  of 
the  region  west  of  Lake  Superior. 

Eadisson  was  born  at  St.  ilalo,  and,  while  a" 
boy.  went  to  Paris,  and  from  thence  to  Canada, 
and  in  1656,  at  Three  Rivers,  married  EUzabeth, 
the  daughter  of  ^ladeleine  Hainault,  and,  after 
her  death,  the  daughter  of  Sir  David  Kirk  or 
Kerkt,  a  zealous  Huguenot,  became  his  wife. 

The  Iroquois  of  Xew  York,  about  the  year  1650, 
drove  the  Hurons  from  their  villages,  and  forced 
them  to  take  refuge  witli  their  friends  the  Tiuon- 
tates,  called  by  the  French.  Petuns.  because  they 
cultivated  tobacco.  In  time  the  Ilurons  and 
their  allies,  the  Ottawas  (Ottaw- waws},  were 
again  driven  by  the  Iroquois,  and  after  successive 
wanderings,  were  found  on  the  west  side  of  Lake 
Michigan,  In  time  they  reached  the  Mississippi, 
and  ascendmg  above  the  Wisconsin,  they  found 
the  Iowa  River,  on  the  west  side,  which  they  fol- 
lowed, and  dwelt  for  a  time  with  the  Ayoes 
(loways)  who  were  very  friendly  :  but  being  ac- 
customed to  a  country  of  lakes  and  forests,  they 
were^ot  satisfied  with  the  vast  prairies.  Return- 
ing to  the  Mississippi,  they  ascended  this  river, 
in  search  of  a  better  land,  and  were  met  by  some 
of  the  Sioux  or  Dakotahs.  and  conducted  to  their 
villages,  where  they  were  well  received.  The 
Sioux,  delighted  with  the  axes,  knives  and  awls 
of  European  manufacture,  which  had  been  pre- 
sented to  them,  allowed  the  refugees  to  settle 
upon  an  island  in  the  Mississippi,  below  the 
mouth  of  the  St.  Croix  River,  called  Bald  Island 
from  the  absence  of  trees,  about  nine  miles  from 
the  site  of  the  present  city  of  Hastings.  Possessed 
of  firearms,  the  Ilurons  and  Ottawas  asserted 
their  superiority,  and  determined  to  conquer  the 
country  for  themselves,  and  having  incurred  the 
hostihty  of  the  Sioux,  were  obliged  to  flee  from 
the  isle  in  the  Mississippi.  Descending  below 
Lake  Pepin,  they  reached  the  Black  River,  and 
ascending  it.  found  an  unoccupied  country  around 
its  sources  and  that  of  the  Chippeway.  In  this 
region  the  Hurons  established  themselves,  while 
their  alUes,  the  Ottawas,  moved  eastward,  till 
they  found  the  shores  of  Lake  Superior,  and  set- 
tled at  Chagouamikon  (Sha-gah-wah-mik-ong) 


near  what  is  now  Bayfield,  In  the  year  1659, 
Groselliers  and  Radisson  arrived  at  Chagouamik- 
on, and  determined  to  visit  the  Ilurons  and  Pe- 
tuns, -n-ith  whom  the  former  had  traded  when 
they  resided  east  of  Lake  Huron.  After  a  six 
days'  journey,  in  a  southwesterly  direction,  they 
reached  their  retreat  toward  the  sources  of  the 
Black.  Chippewa,  and  "Wisconsin  Rivers.  Prom 
this  point  they  journeyed  north,  and  passed  the 
wmter  of  1659-60  among  the  "  Xadouechiouec," 
or  Sioux  villages  in  the  Mille  Lacs  (Mil  Lak)  re- 
gion. From  the  Hurons  they  learned  of  a  beau- 
tiful river,  wide,  large,  deep,  and  comparable  with 
the  Saint  Lawrence,  the  great  Mississippi,  which 
flows  through  the  city  of  2ilinneapoUs,  and  whose 
sources  are  in  northern  ^ilhuiesota. 

Xortheast  of  Mille  Lacs,  toward  the  extremity 
of  Lake  Superior,  they  met  the  ••  Poualak,"  or 
Assiniboines  of  the  prairie,  a  separated  band  of 
the  Sioux,  who,  as  wood  was  scarce  and  small, 
made  fire  with  coal  (eharbon  de  terre)  and  dwelt 
in  tents  of  skins :  although  some  of  the  more  in- 
dustrious built  cabins  of  clay  (terre  grasse),  like 
the  swallows  build  their  nests. 

The  spring  and  siunmer  of  1660,  GroseUiers  and 
Radisson  passed  in  trading  around  Lake  Superior. 
On  the  19th  of  August  they  returned  to  Mon- 
treal, with  three  hundred  Indians  and  sixty  ca- 
noes loaded  with  "  a  wealth  of  skins." 

"  Fui-s  of  bison  and  of  beaver. 
Furs  of  sable  and  of  ermine." 

The  citizens  were  deeply  stiiTed  by  the  travelers' 
tales  of  the  vastness  and  richness  of  the  region 
they  had  visited,  and  their  many  rom;mtic  adven- 
tures. In  a  few  days,  they  began  their  return  to 
the  far  "West,  accompanied  by  six  Frenchmen  and 
two  priests,  one  of  whom  was  the  Jesuit.  Rene  Me- 
nard. His  hair  whitened  by  age.  and  his  mind 
ripened  by  long  experience,  lie  feemed  the  man 
for  the  mission.  Two  hours  after  midnight,  of  the 
day  before  departure,  the  venerable  missionary 
penned  at  '■  Three  Rivers,"  the  followmg  letter 
to  a  friend : 

■Reverexd  Fathi:r  : 
"  The  jieace  of  Christ  be  with  you  :  I  write  to 
you  probably  the  last,  which  I  hope  will  be  the 
seal  of  oiu'  friendship  until  eternity.  Love  whom 
the  Lord  Jesus  did  not  disdain  to  love,  though 
the  greatest  of  sinners;  for  he  loves  whom  he 


FATHER  MENARD  LOST  IN  WISCONSIN. 


3 


loads  ■with  his  cross.  Let  your  friendship,  my 
good  Father,  be  useful  to  me  by  the  desirable 
fruits  of  your  daily  sacritice. 

"  In  three  or  four  months  you  may  remember 
me  at  the  memento  for  the  dead,  on  accoiuit  of 
my  old  age,  my  weak  constitution  and  the  hard- 
ships I  lay  under  amongst  these  tribes.  Never- 
theless, I  am  m  peace,  for  1  have  not  been  led  to 
this  mission  by  any  temporal  motive,  but  I  think 
it  was  by  the  voice  of  God.  I  was  to  resist  the 
grace  of  God  by  not  coming.  Eternal  remorse 
would  have  tormented  me,  had  I  not  come  when 
I  had  the  opportunity. 

"  We  have  been  a  little  surprized,  not  being 
able  to  provide  ourselves  with  vestments  and  oth- 
er things,  but  he  who  feeds  the  little  birds,  and 
clothes  the  lilies  of  the  fields,  will  take  care  of 
his  servants ;  and  though  it  should  happen  we 
should  die  of  want,  we  would  esteem  ourselves 
happy.  I  am  burdened  with  business.  What  I 
can  do  is  to  recommend  our  journey  to  your  daily 
sacrifice,  and  to  embrace  you  with  the  same  sen- 
timents of  heart  as  I  hope  to  do  in  eternity. 
"  My  Reverend  Father, 

Your  most  humble  and  atfectionate 
servant  in  Jesus  Christ. 

R.  MEXARD. 
"From  the  Three  Rivers,  this  26th  August,  2 

o'clock  after  midnight,  1660." 

On  the  16th  of  October,  the  party  with  which 
he  journeyed  reached  a  bay  on  Lake  Superior, 
where  he  found  some  of  the  Ottawas,  who  had 
fled  from  the  Iroquois  of  New  York.  For  more 
than  eight  months,  surrounded  by  a  few  French 
voyageurs,  be  lived,  to  use  his  words,  "  in  a  kind 
of  small  hermitage,  a  cabin  built  of  fir  branches 
piled  one  on  another,  not  so  much  to  shield  us 
from  the  rigor  of  the  season  as  to  correct  my  im- 
agination, and  persuade  me  I  was  sheltered." 

During  the  summer  of  1661,  he  resolved  to  visit 
the  Ilurons,  who  had  fled  eastward  from  the  Sioux 
of  Minnesota,  and  encamped  amid  the  marshes  of 
Northern  Wisconsin.  Some  Frenchmen,  who  had 
been  among  the  Ilurons,  in  vain  attempted  to  dis- 
suade him  from  the  journey.  To  their  entreaties 
he  replied,  "  I  must  go,  if  it  cost  me  my  life.  I 
can  not  suffer  souls  to  perish  on  tlie  ground  of 
saving  the  bodily  life  of  a  miserable  old  man  like 
myself.  Whatl  Are  we  to  serve  God  only  when 
there  is  nothing  to  suffer,  and  no  risk  of  hfe?" 


Upon  T>e  Flsle's  map  of  Louisiana,  published 
nearly  two  centuries  ago,  there  appears  the  Lake 
of  the  Ottawas,  and  the  Lake  of  the  Old  or  De- 
serted Settlement,  west  of  Green  Bay,  and  south 
of  Lake  Superior.  The  Lake  of  the  Old  Planta- 
tion is  supposed  to  have  been  the  spot  occupied 
by  the  Ilurons  at  the  time  when  Menard  attempt- 
ed to  visit  them.  One  way  of  access  to  this  seclu- 
ded spot  was  from  Lake  Superior  to  the  head- 
waters of  the  Ontanagon  River,  and  then  by  a  port- 
age, to  the  lake.  It  could  also  be  reached  from 
the  headwaters  of  the  Wisconsin,  Black  and  Chip- 
pewa Rivers,  and  some  have  said  that  Menard 
descended  the  Wisconsin  and  ascended  the  Black 
River. 

Perrot,  who  lived  at  the  same  time,  writes: 
"Father  Menard,  who  was  sent  as  missionary 
among  the  Outaouas  [Utaw-wawsJ  accompanied 
by  certain  Frenchmen  who  were  going  to  trade 
with  that  people,  was  left  by  all  who  were  with 
him,  except  one,  who  rendered  to  him  until  death, 
all  of  the  services  and  help  that  he  could  have 
hoped.  The  Father  followed  the  Outaouas  f Utaw- 
wawsjto  the  Lake  of  the  Illinoets  [lUino-ay,  now 
Michigan]  and  m  their  flight  to  the  Louisiaune, 
[Mississippi]  to  above  the  Black  River.  There 
this  missionary  had  but  one  Frenchman  for  a 
companion.  This  Frenchman  carefully  followed 
the  route,  and  made  a  portage  at  the  same  place 
as  the  Outaouas.  He  found  himself  in  a  rapid, 
one  day,  that  was  carrying  him  away  in  his  canoe. 
The  Father,  to  assist,  debarked  from  his  own,  but 
did  not  find  a  good  path  to  come  to  liim.  He  en- 
tered one  that  had  been  made  by  beasts,  and  de- 
siring to  return,  became  confused  in  a  labyrinth 
of  trees,  and  was  lost.  Tlie  Frenchman,  after 
having  ascended  the  rapids  with  great  labor, 
awaited  the  good  Father,  and,  as  he  did  not  come, 
resolved  to  search  for  him.  With  all  his  might, 
for  several  days,  he  called  his  name  in  the  wooils, 
hoping  to  find  him,  but  it  was  useless.  He  met, 
however,  a  Sakis  [Sauk]  who  was  carrying  the 
camp-kettle  of  the  missionary,  and  who  gave  liim 
some  intelligence.  He  assured  him  tliat  he  had 
found  his  foot -prints  at  some  distance,  but  that 
he  had  not  seen  the  Father.  He  told  him,  also, 
that  he  had  found  the  tracks  of  .several,  who  were 
going  towards  the  Scioux.  He  declared  that  he 
supposed  that  the  Scioux  might  have  killed  or 
captured  him.    Indeed,  several  years  aftei-wards, 


EXPLOBERS  AND  PIOXEERS  OF  MIXXESOTA. 


there  were  found  among  this  tribe,  his  breviary 
and  cassock,  which  they  exposed  at  then-  festivals, 
makmg  offerings  to  them  of  food." 

In  a  journal  of  the  Jesuits.  Menard,  about  the 
seventh  or  eighth  of  August,  1661.  is  said  to  have 
been  lost. 

GroselUers  (Gro-zay-yay).  while  Menard  was 
endeavoring  to  reach  the  retreat  of  the  Hurons_ 
which  he  had  made  known  to  the  authorities  of 
Canada,  was  pushuig  through  the  country  of  the 
Assuieboines.  on  the  northwest  shore  of  Lake 
Superior,  and  at  length,  probably  by  Lake  Alem- 
pigon,  or  Xepigon.  reached  Hudson's  Bay.  and 
early  in  May.  1662.  returned  to  Montreal,  and 
surprised  its  citizens  ^rtth  his  tale  of  new  discov- 
eries toward  the  Sea  of  the  North. 

The  Hurons  tUd  not  remain  long  toward  the 
sources  of  the  Black  Eiver.  after  Menard's  disap- 
pearance, and  deserting  their  plantations,  jouied 
their  alUes,  the  Ottawas,  at  La  Pointe,  now  Bay- 
field, on  Lake  Superior,  "\\liile  here,  they  deter- 
mined to  send  a  war  party  of  one  hundred  against 
the  Sioux  of  ilille  Lacs  (Mil  Lak)  region.  At 
length  they  met  their  foes,  who  drove  them  into 
one  of  the  thousand  marshes  of  the  water-shed 
between  Lake  Superior  and  the  Mississippi,  where 
they  hid  themselves  among  the  tall  grasses.  The 
Sioux,  suspectmg  that  thev  might  attempt  to  es- 
cape in  the  night,  cut  up  beaver  skins  into  strips, 
and  himg  thereon  little  bells,  which  they  had  ob- 
tained from  the  French  traders.  The  Hurons. 
emerging  from  their  watery  hiding  place,  stumbled 
over  the  unseen  cords,  ringing  the  beUs,  and  the 
Sioux  instantly  attacked,  killing  aU  but  one. 

About  the  year  1665.  four  Frenchmen  visited 
the  Sioux  of  ^linnesota.  from  the  west  end  of 
Lake  Superior,  accompanied  b>  an  Ottawa  chief, 
and  m  the  summer  of  the  same  year,  a  flotilla  of 
canoes  laden  with  peltries,  came  down  to  Mon- 
treal. Upon  their  return,  on  the  eighth  of  Au- 
gust, the  Jesuit  Father,  AUouez.  accompanied  the 
traders,  and,  by  the  first  of  October,  reached  Che- 
goimegon  Bay.  on  or  near  the  site  of  the  modern 
Xovra  of  Bayfield,  on  Lake  Superior,  where  he 
found  the  refugee  Hurons  and  Ottawas.  "While 
on  an  excursion  to  Lake  Alempigon.  now  Xe- 
pigon,  this  missionary  saw,  near  the  mouth  of 
Saint  Louis  Eiver,  in  ;Minnesota.  some  of  the 
Sioux.  He  -mites :  "  There  is  a  tribe  to  the  west 
of  this,  toward  the  great  river  called  Messipi. 


They  are  forty  or  fifty  leagues  from  liere.  in  n 
country  of  prairies,  abounding  in  all  kinds  of 
game.  They  liave  fields,  in  which  they  do  not 
sow  Indian  corn,  but  only  tobacco.  Pro%'idence 
has  pro\ided  them  with  a  species  of  marsh  rice, 
whicli,  toward  the  end  of  summer,  they  go  to  col- 
lect in  certain  small  lakes,  that  are  covered  with 
it.  They  presented  me  with  some  when  I  was  at 
the  extremity  of  Lake  Tracy  [Superior],  where  I 
saw  them.  They  do  not  use  tlie  gun.  but  only 
the  bow  and  arrow  vith  great  dexterity.  Their 
cabins  are  not  covered  with  bark,  but  with  deer- 
skins well  dried,  and  stitched  together  so  that  the 
cc)ld  does  not  enter.  These  jieople  are  above  all 
other  savage  and  warhke.  In  our  presence  they 
seem  abashed,  and  were  motionless  as  statues. 
Tliey  speak  a  language  entirely  unknown  to  us, 
and  the  savages  about  here  do  not  tmderstand 
them." 

The  mission  at  La  Pointe  was  not  encouraging, 
and  Alliiupz.  "  weary  of  their  obstinate  unbelief." 
departed,  but  Marquette  succeeded  liim  for  a  brief 
period. 

The  ••  Relations"  of  the  Jesuits  for  1670-71, 
allude  to  the  Sioux  or  Dakt)tahs.  and  their  attack 
upon  the  refugees  at  La  Pointe  : 

••  There  are  certain  people  caUed  Xadoussi, 
dreaded  by  their  neighbors,  and  altliough  they 
only  use  the  bow  and  arrow,  they  use  it  with  so 
much  skill  and  dexterity,  that  in  a  moment  they 
fill  the  air.  After  the  Parthian  method,  they 
turn  their  heads  in  flight,  and  discliarge  their  ar- 
rows so  rapidly  that  they  are  to  be  feared  no  less 
in  their  retreat  than  in  their  attack. 

••  They  dwell  on  the  shores  and  around  the 
great  river  ^lessipi.  of  which  we  shall  speak. 
They  number  no  less  than  fifteen  populous  towns, 
and  yet  they  know  not  how  to  cidtivate  the  earth 
by  seeding  it,  contenting  themselves  with  a  sort 
of  marsh  rye,  which  we  call  wild  oats. 

••  For  sixty  leagues  from  the  extremity  of  the 
upper  lakes,  towards  sunset,  and,  as  it  were,  in 
the  centre  of  the  western  nations,  they  have  all 
united  their  force  by  a  general  league,  which  has 
been  made  against  them,  as  against  a  common 
enemy. 

■•  They  speak  a  pecuhar  language,  entirely  dis- 
tinct from  that  of  the  Algonquins  and  Hurons, 
whom  they  generally  surpass  in  generosity,  since 
they  often  content  themselves  ■with  the  glory  of 


GBOSELLIEES  AND  BADISSON  IN  THE  ENGLISH  SEIi  VICE. 


having  obtained  the  victory,  and  release  the  pris- 
oners they  have  taken  in  battle. 

"  Our  Outouacs  of  the  Pomt  of  the  Holy  Ghost 
[La  Pointe,  now  Bayfield]  had  to  the  present  time 
kept  up  a  kind  of  peace  with  them,  but  affairs 
having  become  embroiled  during  last  winter,  and 
some  murders  ha\ing  been  committed  on  both 
sides,  our  savages  had  reason  to  apprehend  that 
the  storm  would  soon  burst  upon  them .  and  j  iidged 
that  it  was  safer  for  them  to  leave  the  place,  which 
in  fact  they  did  in  the  spring." 

Marquette,  on  the  13th  of  September.  1660. 
writes  :  "  The  Nadouessi  are  the  Iroquois  of  tins 
country.  *  *  *  they  lie  northwest  of  the  Mission 
of  the  Holy  Ghost  [La  Pointe,  the  modern  Bay- 
field] and  we  have  not  yet  visited  them,  having 
confined  ourselves  to  the  conversion  of  the  Otta- 
was." 

Soon  after  this,  hostilities  began  between  the 
Sioux  and  the  Iluroiisaiid  Ottawas  of  La  Pointe, 
and  the  former  compelled  their  foes  to  seek  an- 
other resting  place,  toward  the  eastern  extremity 
of  Lake  Superior,  and  at  length  they  pitched 
their  tents  at  ^Mackinaw. 

In  1674,  some  Sioux  warriors  came  down  to 
Sault  Saint  Marie,  to  make  a  treaty  of  peace  with 
adjacent  tribes.  A  friend  of  the  Abbe  de  Galli- 
nee  wrote  that  a  council  was  had  at  the  fort  to 
which  "the  Nadouessioux  sent  twelve  deputies. 
and  the  others  forty.  During  the  conference, 
one  of  the  latter,  knife  in  hand,  drew  near  the 
breast  of  one  of  the  Nadouessioux,  who  showed 
surprise  at  the  movement ;  when  the  Indian  with 
the  knife  reproached  him  for  cowardice.  The 
Nadouessioux  said  he  was  not  afraid,  when  the 
other  planted  the  knife  in  his  heart,  and  killed 
him.  All  the  savages  then  engaged  in  conflict, 
and  the  Nadouessioux  bravely  defended  them- 
selves, but,  overwhelmed  by  numbers,  nine  of 
them  were  killed.  The  two  who  survived  rushed 
into  the  chapel,  and  closed  the  door.  Here  they 
found  munitions  of  war,  and  fired  guns  at  their 
enemies,  who  became  anxious  to  burn  down  the 
cliapel,  but  the  Jesuits  would  not  permit  it,  be- 
cause they  had  their  skins  stored  between  its  roof 
and  ceiling.  In  this  extremity,  a  Jesuit,  Louis 
Le  Boeme,  advised  tliat  a  cannon  should  lie  point- 
ed at  the  door,  which  was  discharged,  and  the  two 
brave  Sioux  were  killed." 

Governor  Frontenuc  of  Canada,  was  indignant 


at  the  occurrence,  and  in  a  letter  to  Colbert,  one 
of  the  Ministers  of  Louis  the  Fourteenth,  speaks 
in  condemnation  of  this  discharge  of  a  cannon  by 
a  Brother  attached  to  the  Jesuit  Mission. 

From  this  period,  the  missions  of  the  Church  of 
Rome,  near  Lake  Superior,  began  to  wane.  Shea. 
a  devout  historian  of  that  church,  writes:  ••  In 
1680,  Father  Enjalran  was  apparently  alone  at 
Green  Bay,  and  Pierson  at  ilackinaw  ;  the  latter 
mission  still  comprising  the  two  villages,  Hiu-on 
and  Kiskakon.  Of  the  other  missions,  neither 
Le  Clerq  nor  Hennepin,  the  Recollect,  writers  of 
the  ^Vest  at  this  time,  makes  any  mention,  or  in 
any  way  alludes  to  their  existence,  and  La  lion- 
tan  mentions  the  Jesuit  missions  only  to  ridicule 
them.'' 

The  Pigeon  River,  a  part  of  tlie  northern  boun- 
dary of  Mhmesota,  was  called  on  the  French  maps 
GroselUer's  River,  after  the  first  explorer  of  Min- 
nesota, whose  career,  with  his  associate  Radisson, 
became  quite  prominent  in  connection  with  the 
Hudson  Bay  region. 

A  disagreement  occurring  between  Groselliers 
and  his  partners  in  Quebec,  he  proceeded  to  Paris, 
and  from  thence  to  London,  where  he  was  intro- 
duced to  the  nephew  of  Charles  I.,  who  led  the 
cavalry  charge  against  Fairfax  and  Cromwell  at 
Naseby.  afterwards  commander  of  the  Englisli 
fleet.  The  Prince  listened  with  pleasure  to  the 
narrative  of  travel,  and  endorsed  the  plans  for 
prosecuting  the  fur  trade  and  seeking  a  north- 
west passage  to  Asia.  The  scientific  men  of  Eng- 
land were  also  full  of  the  enterprise,  in  the  hope 
that  it  would  increase  a  knowledge  of  nature. 
The  Secretary  of  the  Royal  Society  wrote  to  Rob- 
ert Boyle,  the  distinguished  philosopher,  a  too 
sanguine  letter.  His  words  were  :  •'  Surely  I  need 
not  tell  you  from  hence  what  is  said  here,  with 
great  joy,  of  the  discovery  of  a  northwest  passage; 
and  by  two  Englishmen  and  one  Frenchman 
represented  to  his  Majesty  at  Oxford,  and  an- 
swered by  the  grant  of  a  vessel  to  sail  into  Hud- 
son's Bay  and  channel  into  the  South  Sea." 

The  ship  Nonsuch  was  fitted  out,  in  charge  of 
Captam  Zachary  GOIam,  a  son  of  one  of  the  early 
settlers  of  Boston ;  and  in  this  vessel  Groselliers 
and  Radisson  left  the  Thames,  in  .June,  166S,  and 
in  September  reached  a  tributary  of  Hudson's 
Bay.  The  next  year,  by  way  of  Boston,  they  re- 
turned to  England,  and  in  UuO.  a  trading  com- 


6 


EXPLOREBS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


pany  -was  chartered,  still  known  among  venerable 
English  coi-poratious  as  "  The  Hudson's  Bay 
Company."' 

The  Reverend  Mother  of  the  Incarnation,  Su- 
perior of  the  I'isulines  of  Quebec,  iu  a  letter  of 
the  :27th  of  August.  1G70,  writes  thus  : 

"  It  vas  about  this  time  that  a  Frenchman  of 
our  Touraine.  named  des  Groselliers.  married  in 
this  country,  and  as  he  had  not  been  successful 
in  making  a  furtuue.  was  seized  witli  a  fancy  to 
go  to  ;N'ew  England  to  better  his  condition,  lie 
excited  a  hope  among  the  English  that  he  had 
found  a  passage  to  the  Sea  of  the  North.  "With 
this  expectation,  he  was  sent  as  an  envoy  to  Eng- 
knd.  where  there  was  given  to  liim.  a  vessel. 
with  crew  and  every  tiling  necessary  for  the  voy- 
age. "With  these  advantages,  he  put  to  sea.  and 
in  place  of  the  usual  route,  which  others  had  ta- 
ken in  vain,  he  sailed  in  another  direction,  and 
searched  so  wide,  that  he  found  the  grand  Bay  of 
the  Xorth.  He  foiuid  large  population,  and  filled 
Ms  ship  or  sliips  ■\\itli  peltries  of  great  value.  *  *  * 


He  has  taken  possession  of  this  great  region  for 

the  King  of  England,  and  for  his  personal  benefit 
A  publication  for  the  benefit  of  tliis  French  ad- 
venturer, has  been  made  in  England.  He  was 
a  youth  when  he  arrived  here,  aud  his  wife  and 
children  are  yet  here." 

Talon,  Intendent  of  Justice  in  Canada,  in  a  dis- 
patch to  Colbert,  Minister  of  the  Colonial  Depart- 
ment of  France,  wrote  on  the  10th  of  November, 
lUTO,  that  he  has  received  intelligence  that  two 
English  vessels  are  approaching  Hudson's  Bay, 
and  adds  :  "  After  reflecting  on  all  the  nations 
that  might  have  penetrated  as  far  north  as  that, 
I  can  alight  on  only  the  English,  who,  under  the 
guidance  of  a  man  named  Des  Grozellers.  for- 
merly an  inhabitant  of  Canada,  might  possibly 
have  attempted  tliat  navigation.'" 

After  years  of  service  on  the  shores  of  Hudson's 
Bay.  either  with  English  or  French  trading  com- 
panies, the  old  explorer  died  in  Canada,  and  it  lias 
been  said  that  his  son  went  to  England,  where  he 
was  living  iu  1696,  iu  receipt  of  a  pension. 


HA  Hh  Y  MENTIoy  OF  LAKE  SVPEJilOB  COPPER. 


CHAPTER  II. 


EAHLY  MENTION   OF   LAKE   SUPERIOR   COPPER. 


Safrard,  A  D.  1636,  on  Copper  Minep.— BoHcher.  A  D,  1640,  Describes  Lake  Supc 
ri,T  Coppi-r  -  losuit  Relations,  A.  D  1661,-07.— Copper  on  Isle  Royals.— Half- 
Breed  Voyageur  Goes  to  France  with  Talon.— Jolliet  and  Pcrrot  Search  for 
Cupper.— St.  Liisson  Plants  the  French  Arms  at  Sault  St.  Marie.— Copper  at 
Ontanagon  and  Head  of  Lake  Superior. 

Before  white  men  luid  explored  tlie  shores  of 
Lake  Superior,  Iiulians  liad  broiiglit  to  the  tra- 
ding posts  of  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  specimens  of 
copper  from  that  region.  Sagard,  In  his  History 
of  Canada,  publislied  in  1636,  at  Paris,  writes: 
'•  Tliere  are  mines  of  copper  wliicli  miglit  lie  made 
profitable,  if  there  were  iiiliabitants  and  work- 
men who  would  labor  faithfully.  That  would  be 
done  if  colonies  were,  establislied.  About  eighty 
or  one  hundred  leagues  from  the  Hurons,  tliere 
is  a  mine  of  copper,  from  wliicli  Truchemont 
Brusle  showed  me  an  in.got,  on  his  return  from  a 
voyage  wliieh  ho  made  to  the  neigliboring  nation." 

Pierre  Boucher,  grandfatiier  of  Sieur  de  la  Ve- 
rendrye,  the  explorer  of  the  lakes  of  the  northern 
boundary  of  jNIinnesota,  in  a  volume  puljlislied 
A.  D.  1640,  also  at  Paris,  writes  :  ■'  In  Lake  Su- 
perior there  is  a  great  island,  fifty  or  one  hundred 
leagues  in  circumference,  in  which  there  is  a  very 
beautiful  mine  of  copper.  There  are  otlier  places 
in  tliose  quarters,  wliere  there  are  similar  mines ; 
so  I  learned  from  four  or  five  Frenchmen,  wlio 
lately  returned.  Tliey  were  gone  three  years, 
without  finding  an  opportunity  to  return ;  tliey 
tohl  me  that  they  had  seen  an  ingot  of  copper  all 
refined  which  was  on  the  coast,  and  weighed  more 
than  eight  hundred  pounds,  according  to  their  es- 
timate. They  said  that  the  savages,  on  passing 
it,  made  a  fire  on  it,  after  wliich  they  cut  off  pie- 
ces with  their  axes." 

In  the  Jesuit  Relations  of  1666-67,  there  is  this 
description  of  Isle  Royale  :  "  Advancing  to  a 
place  called  the  Grand  Anse,  we  meet  with  an 
island,  three  leagues  from  land,  which  is  cele- 
brated for  tlie  metal  wliich  is  found  there,  and 
for  the  tliuniler  whicli  takes  place  there;  for  they 
say  it  always  thunders  there. 


"  But  farther  towards  the  west  on  the  same 
nortli  shore,  is  the  island  most  famous  for  copper, 
Minong  (Isle  Royale).  This  island  is  twenty-five 
leagues  in  length ;  it  is  seven  from  the  mainland, 
and  sixty  from  the  head  of  the  lake.  Nearly  all 
around  the  island,  on  tlie  water's  edge,  pieces  of 
copper  are  found  mixed  with  pebbles,  but  espe- 
cially on  the  side  which  is  opposite  the  south, 
and  principally  in  a  certain  bay,  which  is  near 
the  northeast  exposure  to  the  great  lake.    *    *    * 

"  Advancing  to  the  head  of  the  lake  (Fon  du 
Lac)  and  returning  one  day"s  journey  by  the  south 
coast,  there  is  seen  on  the  edge  of  the  water,  a 
rock  of  copper  weighing  seven  or  eight  hundred 
pounds,  anil  is  so  hard  that  steel  can  hardlycut  it, 
but  when  it  is  heated  it  cuts  as  easily  as  lead. 
Near  Point  Chagouamigong  [Sha  -  gah  -  wall  -  mik- 
ong,  near  Bayfield]  where  a  mission  was  establish- 
ed rocks  of  copper  and  plates  of  the  same  metal 
were  found.  *  *  *  Returning  still  toward  the 
moutli  of  the  lake,  following  the  coast  on  the  south 
as  twenty  leagues  from  the  place  last  mentioned, 
we  enter  the  river  called  Xantaouagan  [Ontona- 
gon] on  which  is  a  liill  where  stones  and  copper 
fall  into  the  water  or  upon  the  earth.  They  are 
readily  found. 

"  Three  years  since  we  received  a  piece  which 
was  lirought  from  this  place,  which  weighed  a 
hundred  pounds,  and  we  sent  it  to  (Quebec  to  ilr. 
Talon.  It  is  not  certain  exactly  where  this  was 
broken  from.  "We  think  it  was  from  the  forks  of 
the  river ;  others,  tliat  it  was  from  near  the  lake, 
and  dug  up." 

Talon,  Intendent  of  Justice  in  Canada,  visited 
France,  taking  a  half-breed  voyageur  with  him, 
and  while  in  Paris,  wrote  on  the  26lli  of  Febru- 
ary, 1669,  to  Colbert,  the  Minister  of  the  Jilarine 
Department.  "  that  this  voyageur  had  penetrated 
among  the  western  nations  farther  than  any  other 
Frenchman,  and  had  seen  the  copper  mine  on 
Lake  Huron.   [Superior?]    The  man  oilers  to  go 


8 


EXPLOBEBS  AXD  PIOXEEBS  OF  MIXNESOIA. 


to  that  mine,  aud  explore,  either  by  sea,  or  by 
lake  and  river,  the  communicatiou  supposed  to 
exist  between  Canada  and  the  South  Sea,  or  to 
tlie  regions  of  Hudson's  Bay." 

As  soon  as  Talon  returned  to  Canada  he  com- 
missioned Jolliet  and  Pere  [Perrot]  to  search  for 
the  mines  of  copper  on  the  iipper  Lakes.  Jolliet 
received  an  outfit  of  four  hundred  IhTes,  and  four 
canoes,  and  Perrot  one  thousand  Uvres.  Miuis- 
ister  Colbert  -wrote  from  Paris  to  Talon,  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1671.  approving  of  the  search  for  copper, 
in  these  words  :  ■'  The  resolution  you  have  taken 
to  send  Sieur  de  La  Salle  toward  the  south,  and 
Sieur  de  St.  Lusson  to  the  north,  to  discover  the 
South  Sea  passage,  is  very  good,  but  the  principal 
thmg  you  ought  to  apply  yourself  in  discoveries 
of  this  nature,  is  to  look  for  the  copper  mine. 

"  "Were  this  mine  discovered,  and  its  utility 
evident,  it  would  be  an  assured  means  to  attract 
several  Frenchmen  from  old.  to  Xew  France."" 

On  the  14th  of  June,  1671,  Saint  Lusson  at  Saidt 
St.  Marie,  planted  the  arms  of  France,  in  the  pres- 
ence of  Nicholas  Perrot.  who  acted  as  interpreter 
on  the  occasion ;  the  Sieur  Jolliet ;  Pierre  Moreau 
or  Sieur  de  la  Taupine ;  a  soldier  of  the  garrison 
of  Quebec,  and  several  other  Frenchmen. 

Talon,  in  annoiuicing  Saint  Lusson"s  explora- 
tions to  Colbert,  on  the"  2d  of  November,  1671, 
WTote  from  Quebec  :  '•  The  copper  which  I  send 
from  Lake  Superior  and  the  river  Xantaouagan 
[Ontonagon]  proves  that  there  is  a  mine  on  the 
border  of  some  stream,  which  produces  this  ma- 
terial as  pure  as  one  could  wish.  More  than 
twenty  Frenchmen  have  seen  one  lump  at  the 
lake,  which  they  estimate  weighs  more  than  eight 
hmidred  poimds.  The  Jesuit  Fathers  among  the 
Outaouas  [Ou-taw-waws]  use  an  anvil  of  this  ma- 
terial, which  weighs  about  one  hundred  pounds. 
There  will  be  no  rest  imtil  the  source  from  whence 
these  detached  limips  come  is  discovered. 

'•  The  river  Xantaouagan  fOntouagou]  appears 


between  two  high  hUls.  the  plain  above  which 
feeds  the  lakes,  and  receives  a  great  deal  of  snow, 
which,  in  melting,  forms  torrents  which  wash  the 
borders  of  this  river,  composed  of  solid  gravel, 
which  is  rolled  down  by  it. 

••  The  gravel  at  the  bottom  of  this,  hardens  it- 
self, and  assumes  different  shapes,  such  as  those 
pebbles  which  I  send  to  Mr.  Bellinzany.  My 
ophiion  is  that  these  pebbles,  rounded  and  carried 
off  by  the  rapid  waters,  then  have  a  tendency  to 
become  copper,  by  the  influence  of  the  sun"s  rays 
which  they  absorb,  and  to  form  other  nuggets  of 
metal  similar  to  those  which  I  send  to  Sieur  de 
Bellinzany.  found  by  the  Sieur  de  Saint  Lusson, 
about  four  hundred  leagues,  at  some  distance  from 
the  mouth  of  the  river. 

••  He  hoped  by  the  frequent  journeys  of  the 
savages,  and  French  who  are  beginning  to  travel 
by  these  routes,  to  discern  the  source  of  croduc- 
tion."" 

Governor  Denon^^lle,  of  Canada,  sixteen  years 
after  the  above  circumstances,  -n-rote  :  "  The  cop- 
per, a  sample  of  which  I  sent  M.  Arnou.  is  fotuid 
at  the  head  of  Lake  Superior.  The  body  of  the 
nune  has  not  yet  been  discovered.  I  have  seen 
one  of  our  voyageurs  who  assures  me  that,  some 
fifteen  months  ago  he  saw  a  lump  of  two  himdred 
weight,  as  yellow  as  gold,  in  a  river  which  falls 
into  Lake  Superior.  "When  heated,  it  could  be 
cut  with  an  axe  :  but  the  superstitious  Indians, 
regarding  this  boulder  as  a  good  spirit,  would 
never  permit  him  to  take  any  of  it  away.  His 
opinion  is  that  the  frost  undermined  this  piece, 
;ind  that  the  mine  is  in  that  river.  He  has  prom- 
ised to  search  for  it  on  his  way  back."" 

In  the  year  1730.  there  was  some  correspond- 
ence with  the  authorities  in  France  relative  to 
the  discovery  of  copper  at  La  Pointe.  but.  practi- 
cally, little  was  done  by  the  French,  in  developing 
the  mineral  wealth  of  Lake  Superior. 


DU  LUTH  PLANTS  THE  FRENCH  ARMS  IX  MINNESOTA. 


ni AFTER  ITI. 


DU  LtTTH  PLANTS  THE   FKENCII    \inis  TN  MINNESOTA 


Da  Luth's  Relatives. —  Randin  Visits  Extremity  of  I^ke  Superior.  —  Du  Luth 
Plants  King's  Arms.—Post  at  Kaministigoya.  — Pierre  MoreaF.  alias  LaTaupine. 
— La  Salle's  Visit.— A  Pilot  Deserts  to  the  Sioux  Country.— uaffart,  Du  Luth's 
Interpreter.— Descent  of  the  River  St.  Croix.— Meets  Father  Hennepin.— Crit- 
icised hy  La  Salle— Trades  with  New  England.  —Visits  France. — In  Command 
at  Mackinaw.— Frenchmen  Murdered  at  Keweenaw — Du  Lulh  Arrests  and 
Shoots  Murderers.— Builds  Fort  ahove  Detroit.  —  With  Indian  Allies  in  the 
Seneca  War.-Du  Luth's  Brother  —Cadillac  Defends  the  Brandy  Trade,— Du 
Luth  Disapproves  of  Selling  Brandy  to  the  Indians.— In  Command  at  Fort 
Frontenac. — Death. 

In  the  year  1678,  several  prominent  merchants 
of  Quebec  ami  Montreal,  with  the  support  of 
Governor  Frontenac  of  Canada,  formed  a  com- 
pany to  open  trade  with  the  Sioux  of  ^Minnesota, 
and  a  nephew  of  Patron,  one  of  these  merchants, 
a  brother-in-law  of  Sieur  de  Lnsigny,  an  ofHcer 
of  the  Governor's  Guards,  named  Daniel  Grey- 
solon  Du  Luth  [Doo-loo].  a  native  of  St.  (4ermain 
en  Laye,  a  few  miles  from  Paris,  although  Lahon- 
tan  speaks  of  him  as  from  Lyons,  ■was  made  the 
leader  of  the  expedition.  At  the  battle  of  Seneffe 
against  the  Prince  of  Orange,  he  was  a  gendarme, 
and  one  of  the  King's  guards. 

Du  Luth  was  also  a  cousin  of  Henry  Tonty,  who 
had  been  in  the  revolution  at  Naples,  to  throw  off 
the  Spanish  dependence.  Du  Luth"s  name  is  va- 
riously spelled  in  the  documents  of  his  day.  Hen- 
nepin ■writes,  "Du  Luth;"  others,  "Dulhut."" 
"  Du  Lhu,"  "  Du  Lut,"  "  De  Luth,"  "  Du  Lud." 

The  temptation  to  procure  valuable  furs  from 
the  Lake  Superior  region,  contrary  to  the  letter 
of  the  Canadian  law,  was  very  great ;  and  more 
than  one  Governor  winked  at  the  contraband 
trade.  Randin,  who  visited  tlie  extremity  of 
Lake  Superior,  distributed  presents  to  the  Sioux 
and  Ottawas  in  the  name  of  Governor  Frontenac, 
to  secure  the  trade,  and  after  his  death,  Du  Luth 
was  sent  to  complete  w  hat  he  had  begun.  With 
a  party  of  twenty,  seventeen  Frenchmen  and 
three  Indians,  he  left  Quebec  on  the  first  of 
September,  1078,  and  on  the  lifth  of  April.  1679, 
Du  Luth  writes  to  Governor  Frontenac.  that  he 
is  in  the  woods,  about  nine  miles  from  Sault  St. 
Marie,  at  the  entrance  of  Lake  Superior,  and 


adds  that :  he  '•  will  not  stir  from  the  Xadous- 
sioux,  until  further  orders,  and,  peace  being  con- 
cluded, he  will  set  up  the  King's  Arms ;  lest  the 
Englisli  and  other  Europeans  settled  towards 
California,  take  possession  of  the  country." 

On  the  second  of  July,  1679,  he  caused  his 
Majesty's  Arms  to  be  planted  in  the  great  \dllage 
of  the  Nadoussioux,  called  Kathio,  wliere  no 
Frenchman  had  ever  been,  and  at  Songaskicons 
and  Houetbatons,  one  hundred  and  twenty  leagues 
distant  from  the  former,  where  he  also  set  up  the 
Kmg's  Arms.  In  a  letter  to  Seignalay,  published 
for  the  first  time  by  Ilarrisse,  he  writes  that  it 
was  in  the  viUage  of  Izatys  [Issati].  Upon  Fran- 
quelin's  map.  the  Mississippi  branches  into  the 
Tintonha  [Teeton  Sioux]  country,  and  not  farfrom 
here,  he  alleges,  was  seen  a  tree  upon  which  was 
this  legend:  "  Arms  of  the  King  cut  on  this  tree 
in  the  year  1679." 

lie  established  a  post  at  Kamanisiigoya,  which 
wa:i  distant  fifteen  leagues  from  the  Grand  Port- 
age at  the  western  extremity  of  Lake  Superior ; 
and  here,  on  the  fifteenth  of  September,  he  held 
a  council  with  the  Assenipoulaks  [Assineboines] 
and  other  tribes,  and  urged  them  to  be  at  peace 
with  the  Sioux.  During  this  summer,  he  dis- 
patched Pierre  Moreau,  a  celebrated  voyageirr, 
nicknamed  LaTaupine,  with  letters  to  Governor 
Frontenac,  and  valuable  furs  to  the  merchants. 
His  arrival  at  Quebec,  created  some  excitement. 
It  was  charged  that  the  Governor  corresponded 
with  Du  Luth,  and  that  he  passed  the  beaver, 
sent  by  him,  in  the  name  of  merchants  in  his  in- 
terest. The  Intendant  of  Justice,  Du  Chesneau, 
wrote  to  the  Minister  of  the  Colonial  Department 
of  France,  that  "  the  man  named  La  Taupine,  a 
famous  coureur  des  bois,  who  set  out  in  the  month 
of  September  of  last  year,  1678,  to  go  to  the  Ou- 
tawacs,  with  goods,  and  who  has  always  been  in- 
terested with  the  Governor,  having  returned  tliis 
year,  and  I,  being  advised  that  he  had  traded  ui 


10 


EXPLOBEBS  AND  PIONEEBS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


two  days,  one  hundred  and  fifty  beaver  robes  in 
one  village  of  this  tribe,  amoimtinu  to  nearly  nine 
hxmdred  heavere.  whieli  is  a  matter  of  public  no- 
toriety :  and  that  he  left  wth  Du  Liit  two  men 
whom  he  had  with  him.  considered  myself  botmd 
to  have  him  an-ested.  and  to  interrouate  lum  :  but 
having  presented  me  with  a  license  from  the  Gov- 
ernor, permitting  him  and  liis  comrades,  named 
Lamonde  and  Dupuy.  to  repaii-  to  the  Outawac, 
to  execute  his  secret  orders.  I  had  liim  set  at 
liberty  :  and  immediately  on  his  going  out.  Sieur 
Prevost.  Town  Mayor  of  Quebec,  came  at  the  head 
of  some  soldiers  to  force  the  prison,  in  case  he 
was  still  there,  pursuant  to  his  orders  from  the 
Governor,  in  these  terms  :  •■  Sieur  Prevost,  Mayor 
of  Quebec,  is  ordered,  in  case  the  Intendant  arrest 
Pierre  Moreau  alias  La  Taupine.  whom  we  have 
sent  to  Quebec  as  bearer  of  our  dispatches,  upon 
pretext  of  his  having  been  in  the  bush,  to  set  him 
forthwith  at  liberty,  and  to  employ  every  means 
for  this  puniose.  at  his  peril.  Done  at  Montreal, 
theotli  Sppteml)er.  1679. "' 

La  Tauiiine.  in  due  time  returned  to  Lake  Su- 
perior with  another  consignment  of  merchandise. 
The  interpreter  of  Du  Lutli.  and  trader  with  the 
Sioux,  was  FafEart,  who  had  been  a  soldier  under 
La  Salle  at  Fort  Frontenae.  and  had  deserted. 

La  Salle  was  commissioned  in  UiTS,  by  the 
King  of  France,  to  explore  the  West,  and  trade  in 
Cibola,  or  buffalo  skins,  and  on  conditit)n  that  he 
did  not  traflSc  with  the  Ottauwaws.  who  carried 
their  beaver  to  ^Montreal. 

On  the  21t\\  of  August.  ItiTV).  he  arrived  at 
Mackinaw,  in  the  ■■  Griffin."  the  first  sailing  ves- 
sel on  the  great  Lakes  of  the  West,  and  from 
thence  went  to  Green  IJay.  ^^■here.  in  the  face  of 
his  commission,  he  traded  for  beaver.  Loading 
his  vessel  with  peltries,  he  sent  it  back  to  Niag- 
ara, while  he.  in  canoes,  proceeded  with  his  ex- 
pedition to  the  Illinois  Eiver.  The  ship  was 
never  heard  of.  and  for  a  time  supposed  to  be  lost, 
but  La  Salle  afterward  learned  from  a  Pawnee 
boy  fourteen  or  tifteen  years  of  age.  who  was 
brougiit  prisoner  to  his  fort  ou  the  Illinois  by  some 
Indians,  that  the  pilot  of  the  "  Griffin  "4iad  been 
among  the  tribes  of  the  Tapper  Missouri.  lie  had 
ascended  the  Mississippi  with  four  others  in  two 
birch  canoes  with  goods  and  some  hand  grenades, 
taken  from  the  ship,  with  the  intention  of  join 
ing  Du  Luth,  who  had  for  months  been  trading 


with  the  Sioux :  and  if  their  efforts  were  imsuc- 
cessful,  they  expected  to  push  on  to  the  English, 
at  Hudson's  Bay.  While  ascending  the  Missis- 
sippi they  were  attacked  by  Indians,  and  the  pilot 
and  one  other  only  sunived.  and  they  were  sold 
to  the  Indians  on  the  Missouri. 

In  tlie  month  of  June,  1680.  Du  Luth,  accom- 
panied by  Faffart,  an  interpreter,  with  four 
Frenchmen,  also  a  Chippeway  and  a  Sioux,  with 
two  canoes,  entered  a  river,  the  mouth  of  which 
is  eight  leagues  from  the  head  of  Lake  Superior 
on  the  South  side,  named  Xemitsakouat.  Reach- 
ing its  head  waters,  by  a  short  portage,  of  half  a 
league,  he  reached  a  lake  which  was  the  source 
of  the  Saint  Croix  River,  and  by  this,  he  and  his 
companions  were  the  first  Eiu'opeans  to  journey 
in  a  canoe  from  Lake  Superior  to  the  Mississippi. 

La  Salle  writes,  that  Du  Luth.  finding  that 
the  Sioux  were  on  a  hunt  in  the  Mississippi  val- 
ley, below  the  Saint  Croix,  and  that  Accault,  Au- 
gelle  and  Ilenneiiin.  who  had  come  np  from  the 
Illinois  a  few  weeks  before,  were  with  them,  de- 
scended until  he  found  them.  In  the  same  letter 
he  disregards  the  truth  in  order  to  disparage  his 
rival,  and  writes: 

'•  Thirty-eight  or  forty  leagues  above  the  Chip- 
peway they  found  the  river  by  which  the  Sieur 
Du  Luth  did  descend  to  the  Mississippi.  He  had 
l)een  three  years,  contrary  to  ordere.  with  a  com- 
pany of  twenty  •'  coureurs  du  bois"  on  Lake  Su- 
perior; he  had  borne  himself  bravely,  proclaiming 
everywhere  that  at  the  head  of  his  brave  fellows 
he  did  not  fear  tlie  Grand  Prevost,  and  that  he 
would  compel  an  amnesty. 

'•  AMiile  he  was  at  Lake  Superior,  the  Xadoue- 
sioux.  enticed  by  the  presents  that  the  late  Sieur 
Randin  had  made  on  the  part  of  Count  Fronte- 
nae. and  the  Sauteurs  [Ojibways].  who  are  the  sav- 
ages who  carry  the  peltries  to  Moutreal.  and  who 
dwell  on  Lake  Superior,  wishing  to  obey  the  re- 
peated ordere  of  the  Count,  made  a  peace  to 
unite  the  Sauteurs  and  French,  and  to  trade  with 
the  Xadouesioux.  situated  al)out  sixty  leagues  to 
the  west  of  Lake  Superior.  Du  Luth.  to  disgtiise 
his  desertion,  seized  the  opportunity  to  make 
some  reputation  for  liimself,  seniUng  Xwo  messen- 
gers to  tlie  Count  to  negotiate  a  truce,  during 
wiiich  period  their  comrades  negotiated  stUl  bet- 
ter for  beaver. 

Several  conferences  were  held  with  the  Xa- 


FAFFABT,  BU  LUTW8  INTEBPBETEB. 


11 


doiiessioux,  and  as  he  needed  an  interpreter,  he  led 
off  one  of  mine,  named  Faffart.  formerly  a  sol- 
dier at  Fort  Frontenac.  During  this  period  there 
were  frequent  visits  between  the  Sauteurs  [Ojib- 
ways]  and  Nadouesioux.  and  supjiosing  tliat  it 
miglit  increase  the  number  of  beaver  skins,  he 
sent  Faffart  by  land,  witli  the  Nadouesioux  and 
Sauteurs  [Ojibways].  Tlie  young  man  on  his  re- 
turn, liaving  given  an  account  of  tlie  (piantity  of 
beaver  in  that  region,  lie  wished  to  proceed  thither 
himself,  and,  guided  by  a  Sauteur  and  a  Nadoue- 
sioux, and  four  Frenchmen,  he  ascended  the  river 
Xemitsakouat,  wliere.  by  a  short  portage,  he  de- 
scended that  stream,  whereon  he  passed  through 
forty  leagues  of  rapids  [Upper  St.  Croix  River], 
an<l  finding  that  the  Xadnuesioux  were  below  with 
my  men  and  tlie  F.Uher,  who  had  come  down 
again  from  the  village  of  the  Nadouesioux,  he 
discovered  them.  They  went  up  again  to  the 
village,  and  from  thence  they  all  together  came 
down.  They  returned  by  the  river  Ouisconsing, 
and  came  back  to  Montreal,  where  Du  Luth  in- 
sults the  commissaries,  and  the  deputy  of  the 
'procuieur  general,'  named  d'Auteuil.  t'oiuit 
Frontenac  liad  him  arrested  and  imprisoned  in 
the  castle  of  Quebec,  with  the  intention  of  return- 
ing him  to  France  for  tlie  amnesty  accorded  to 
the  coureurs  des  bois.  did  not  release  him." 

At  this  very  period,  another  party  charges 
Frontenac  as  being  Du  Luth's  particular  friend. 

Du  Luth,  during  the  fall  of  1681,  was  engaged 
in  the  beaver  trade  at  Montreal  and  Quebec. 
Du  Chesneau,  the  Intendant  of  Justice  for  Can- 
ada, on  the  13th  of  November,  1681,  wrote  to  the 
Marquis  de  Siegnelay^  In  Paris  :  "  Not  content 
with  llie  profits  to  be  derived  from  the  countries 
under  the  King's  donunion,  the  desire  of  making 
money  everywhere,  has  led  the  Governor  [Fron- 
tenac], Boisseau,  Du  Lut  and  Patron,  his  uncle, 
to  send  canoes  loaded  with  peltries,  to  the  En- 
glish. It  is  said  sixty  thousand  livres"  worth  has 
been  sent  thither ;"  and  he  further  stated  that 
there  was  a  very  general  report  that  within  five 
or  si.\  days,  Frontenac  and  liis  associates  had  di- 
vided the  money  received  from  tlie  beavers  sent 
to  New  England. 

At  a  conference  in  Quebec  of  some  of  the  dis- 
tinguished men  in  that  city,  relative  to  difficulties 
with  the  Iroquois,  held  on  tlie  Kith  of  October, 
1682,  Du  Luth  was  present.    From  thence  he  went 


to  France,  and,  early  in  1683,  consulted  witli  the 
JSIinister  of  Marine  at  Versailles  relative  to  tlie 
interests  of  trade  in  the  Hudson's  Bay  and  Lake 
Superior  region.  Upon  his  return  to  Canada,  he 
departed  for  Mackinaw.  Governor  De  la  Barre, 
on  the  Otli  of  November.  1683,  wrote  to  tlie  Frencli 
Government  that  the  Inilians  west  and  north  of 
Lake  Superior,  "  wlien  they  heard  by  expresses 
sent  tliem  by  Du  Lhut,  of  his  arrival  at  Missili- 
makinak.  that  he  was  coming,  sent  him  word  to 
come  quickly  and  they  would  unite  with  him  to 
prevent  others  going  tliither.  If  I  stop  that  pa.ss 
as  I  hope,  and  as  it  is  necessary  to  do,  as  tlie  Eng- 
lish of  the  Bay  [Hudson's]  excite  against  us  the 
savages,  whom  Sieur  Du  Lhut  alone  can  quiet." 

Wliile  stationed  at  ]\Iackinaw  he  was  a  i)artici- 
paiit  in  a  tragic  occurrence.  Durhig  tlie  summer 
of  1683  Jacques  le  Maire  and  Colin  Berthot,  while 
on  their  way  to  trade  at  Keweenaw,  on  Lake  Su- 
perior, were  suqirised  by  three  Indians,  robbed, 
and  murdered.  Du  Luth  was  prompt  to  arrest 
and  punish  the  assasshis.  In  a  letter  from  Mack- 
inaw, dated  April  12,  1'684,  to  the  Governor  of 
Canada,  lie  writes:  "Be  pleased  to  know.  Sir, 
that  on  the  24th  of  October  last,  I  was  told  that 
Folle  Avoine,  accomplice  in  the  nmnler  and  roli- 
bery  of  the  two  Frenchmen,  had  arrived  at  Sault 
Ste.  Marie  with  fifteen  families  of  the  Sauteurs 
[Ojibways]  who  had  fled  from  Chagoamigon  [La 
Pointe]  on  accoimt  of  an  attack  wliich  they,  to- 
gether with  the  people  of  the  land,  made  last 
Spring  upon  the  Nadouecioux  [Dakotahs.] 

"  lie  believed  liimself  safe  at  the  Sault,  on  ac- 
count of  the  number  of  allies  and  relatives  he  had 
there.  Rev.  Fatlier  AUianel  informed  me  tliat 
the  French  at  the  Saut,  being  only  twelve  in  num- 
ber, had  not  arrested  him,  believing  themselves 
too  weak  to  contend  with  such  numbers,  espe- 
cially as  the  Sauteurs  had  declared  that  they 
would  not  allow  the  French  to  redden  the  land 
of  their  fathers  with  the  blood  of  their  brotliers. 

"  On  receiving  this  information,  I  immediately 
resolved  to  take  with  me  six  Frenchmen,  and  em- 
bark at  tlie  dawn  of  the  next  day  for  Sault  Ste. 
Marie,  and  if  possible  obtain  possession  of  the 
murderer.  I  made  known  my  design  to  the  Rev. 
Father  Engalran.  and,  at  my  request,  as  he  liad 
some  business  to  arrange  with  Rev.  Father  Al- 
banel,  he  placed  liimself  in  my  canoe. 

"  llaviug  arrived  witliiu  a  league  of  the  village 


12 


EXPLOSERS  ASD  PIONEERS  OF  MISKESOTA. 


of  the  Saut.  the  Rev.  Father,  the  ChevaUer  de 
Foureille.  CardonnieiTe.  ami  I  disembarked.  I 
caused  the  canoe,  iu  which  were  Baribaud.  Le 
Mere,  La  Fortune,  and  Macons,  to  proceed,  wliile 
we  went  across  the  wood  to  the  house  of  tlie  Kev. 
Father,  fearing  that  the  savages,  seehig  me.  might 
suspect  the  object  of  my  visit,  and  cause  FoUe 
Avoine  to  escape.  Finally,  to  cut  the  matter 
short,  I  arrested  him.  and  caused  him  to  be 
guarded  day  and  night  by  six  Frenchmen. 

"I  then  called  a  coimcil.  at  which  I  requested 
all  the  savages  of  the  place  to  be  present,  where 
I  repeated  what  I  had  often  said  to  the  Ilurons 
and  Ottawas  since  the  departure  of  M.  Pere[Per- 
rot],  giving  them  the  message  you  ordered  me. 
Sir.  that  in  case  there  should  be  among  tliem  any 
spirits  so  evil  disposed  as  to  follow  the  exainiile 
of  those  who  have  murdered  the  French  on  L;dce 
Superior  and  Lake  Michigan,  they  must  separate' 
the  guiltj'  from  the  innocent,  as  I  did  not  wish 
the  whole  nation  to  suffer,  unless  they  protected 
the  guilty.  *  *  *  The  savages  held  several 
coimcils,  to  which  I  was  in\ited,  b:.t  their  only 
object  seemed  to  lie  to  exculpate  the  prisoner,  in 
order  that  I  might  release  him. 

••  All  imited  in  accusing  Achiganaga  and  bis 
cliildren.  assuiing  themselves  with  the  belief  that 
M.  Fere,  [Perrot]  with  his  detachment  would  not 
be  able  to  arrest  them,  and  wishing  to  persuade 
me  that  they  apprehended  that  all  the  Frenchmen 
might  be  killed. 

••  I  answered  them.  *  *  *  ■  As  to  the  antici- 
pated death  of  yi.  Pere  [Perrot].  as  well  as  of  the 
other  Frenclmien.  that  would  not  embarrass  me. 
since  I  believed  neither  the  allies  nor  the  nation 
of  Achiganaga  would  wish  to  have  a  war  with  us 
to  sustain  an  action  so  dark  as  that  of  which  we 
were  speakuig.  Ilavmg  only  to  attack  a  few 
murderers,  or.  at  most,  those  of  their  own  family. 
I  was  certaui  tliat  the  French  would  have  tliem 
dead  or  aUve.' 

"  This  was  the  answer  they  had  from  me  during 
the  three  days  that  the  comicils  lasted  ;  after 
which  I  embarked,  at  ten  o'clock  m  the  morning, 
sustained  by  only  twelve  Frenchmen,  to  show  a 
few  unruly  persons  who  boasted  of  taking  the 
prisoner  away  fioia  me.  that  the  French  did  not 
fear  them. 

"  Daily  I  received  accoimts  of  the  niuuber  of 
savages  that  Achiganaga  drew  from  his  nation  to 


Kiaonan  [Keweenaw]  xmder  pretext  of  going  to 
war  in  the  spring  agamst  the  Xadouecioux.  to 
avenge  the  death  of  one  of  his  relatives,  son  of  Ou- 
enaus,  but  really  to  protect  him.self  against  us, 
ui  case  we  should  become  convinced  that  liis  chil- 
dren had  killed  the  Frenchmen.  This  precaution 
placed  me  between  hope  and  fear  respecting  tlie 
expedition  which  M.  Pere  [Perrot]  had  mider- 
taken. 

••  On  the  24th  of  November,  [1683].  he  came 
across  the  wood  at  ten  o'clock  at  night,  to  tell  me 
that  he  had  arrested  Achiganaga  and  four  of  his 
children.  He  said  they  were  not  all  guilty  of  the 
murder,  but  had  thought  proper,  in  this  affair,  to 
follow  the  custom  of  the  savages,  which  is  to  seize 
all  the  relatives.  Folle  Avoine.  whom  I  had  ar- 
rested, he  considered  the  most  guilty,  bemg  with- 
out doubt  the  originator  of  the  mischief. 

"  I  immediately  gave  orders  that  Folle  Avome 
should  be  more  closely  confined,  and  not  allowed 
to  speak  to  any  one :  for  I  had  also  learned  that 
he  had  a  brother,  sister,  and  uncle  hi  the  village 
of  the  Kiskakons. 

•■  M.  Pere  informed  me  that  he  had  released  the 
youngest  son  of  Achiganaga.  aged  about  thirteen 
or  fourteen  yeare.  that  he  might  make  kno^^ii  to 
their  nation  and  the  Sauteurs  [Ojibways].  who  are 
at  Xocke  and  in  tlie  neighborhood,  the  reason 
wliy  the  French  had  arrested  his  father  and  bro- 
thers. M.  Pere  bade  him  assure  tlie  savages  that 
if  any  one  wished  to  complain  of  what  he  had 
done,  he  would  wait  for  them  with  a  firm  step ;  for 
he  considered  himself  in  a  condition  to  set  them 
at  defiance,  having  found  at  Kiaonau  [Keweenaw] 
eighteen  Frenchmen  wlm  had  w  intered  there. 

"On  the  2-5th.  at  daybreak.  M.  Pere  embarked 
at  the  Sault.  with  foiu'  good  men  whom  I  gave 
him.  to  go  and  meet  the  prisoners.  lie  left  them 
four  leagues  from  there,  under  a  guard  of  twelve 
Frenchmen :  and  at  two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon, 
they  arrived.  I  had  prepared  a  room  in  my  house 
for  the  prisoners,  in  wliich  they  were  placed  under 
a  strong  guard,  and  were  not  allowed  to  converee 
with  any  one. 

"On  the  26th.  I  commenced  proceedings ;  and 
this.  sir.  is  the  coui-se  I  pui-sued.  I  gave  notice 
to  all  the  chiefs  and  others,  to  appear  at  the 
coimcil  which  I  had  appointed,  and  gave  to  Folle 
Avoine  the  privilege  of  selecting  two  of  his  rela- 


INDIANS  CONDEMNED  TO  BE  SHOT. 


13 


tives  to  support  his  interests ;  and  to  the  other 
prisoners  I  made  tlie  same  offer. 

"  The  council  being  assemliled,  I  sent  for  Folle 
Avoine  to  be  interrogated,  and  caused  liis  answers 
to  be  written,  and  afterwards  tliey  were  read  to 
him,  and  inquiry  made  wliether  tliey  were  not, 
word  for  word,  wliat  lie  had  said.  lie  was  then 
removed  under  a  safe  guard.  I  used  the  same 
form  with  the  two  eldest  sons  of  Achiganaga,  and, 
as  Folle  Avoine  had  indirectly  charged  the  father 
with  bemg  accessory  to  the  murder,  I  sent  for 
him  and  also  for  Folle  Avoine,  and  bringmg  them 
into  the  council,  confronted  the  four. 

"  Folle  Avoine  and  the  two  sons  of  Achiganaga 
accused  each  other  of  conunitting  the  murder, 
without  denying  that  they  were  participators  in 
the  crime.  Achiganaga  alone  strongly  maintained 
that  he  knew  nothing  of  the  design  of  Folle 
Avoine,  nor  of  his  cliildren,  and  called  on  them 
to  say  if  he  had  advised  them  to  kill  the  French- 
men.   They  answered, '  Xo.' 

"  This  confrontation,  which  the  savages  did  not 
expect,  surjirised  them;  and,  seeing  the  prisoners 
had  convicted  themselves  of  the  murder,  the 
Chiefs  said:  'It  is  enough;  you  accuse  your- 
selves; the  French  are  masters  of  your  bodies." 

"  The  next  day  I  held  another  council,  in  which 
I  said  there  could  be  no  doubt  tliat  the  French- 
men had  been  murdered,  that  the  murderers  were 
known,  and  that  they  knew  what  was  the  prac- 
tice among  themselves  upon  such  occasions.  To 
all  this  they  said  nothing,  which  obliged  us  on 
the  following  day  to  hold  another  council  in  the 
cabin  of  Brochet,  where,  after  having  spoken,  and 
seeing  that  they  ^\•ould  make  no  decision,  and  that 
all  my  councils  ended  only  in  reducing  tobacco  to 
ashes,  I  told  them  that,  since  they  did  not  wish  to 
decide,  I  should  take  the  responsibility,  and  that 
the  next  day  I  would  let  them  know  the  deter- 
mination of  the  French  and  myself. 

"  It  is  proper.  Sir,  you  should  know  that  I  ob- 
served all  these  forms  only  to  see  if  they  would 
feel  it  their  duty  to  render  to  us  the  same  justice 
that  they  do  to  each  other,  having  had  divers  ex- 
amples in  which  when  the  tribes  of  those  who 
had  committed  the  murder  did  not  wish  to  go  to 
war  with  the  tribe  aggrieved,  the  nearest  rela- 
tions of  the  murderers  killed  them  themselves; 
that  is  to  say,  man  for  man. 

"  On  the  29th  of  IS^ovember.  I  gathered  together 


the  French  that  were  here,  and,  after  the  interro- 
gations and  answers  of  the  accused  had  been  read 
to  them,  the  guilt  of  the  three  appeared  so  evi- 
dent, from  their  own  confessions,  that  the  vote 
was  mianimous  that  all  should  die.  But  as  the 
French  who  remained  at  Kiaonan  to  pass  the  win- 
ter had  written  to  Father  Engalran  and  to  myself, 
to  beg  us  to  treat  the  affair  with  all  possible  len- 
iency, the  savages  declaring  that  if  they  made 
the  prisoners  die  they  would  avenge  themselves, 
I  told  the  gentlemen  who  were  with  me  in  coun- 
cil that,  this  l)eing  a  ease  without  a  precedent.  I 
beUeved  it  was  expedient  for  the  safety  of  the 
French  who  would  pass  the  winter  in  the  Lake 
Superior  coimtry  to  put  to  death  only  two,  as  that 
of  the  third  might  bring  about  grievous  conse- 
quences, while  the  putting  to  death,  man  for 
man,  could  give  the  savages  no  complaint,  since 
this  is  their  custom.  M.  de  la  Tour,  chief  of  the 
Fathers,  who  had  served  much,  sustained  my 
opinions  by  strong  reasoning,  and  all  decided  that 
two  should  be  shot,  namely,  Folle  Avoine  and 
the  older  of  the  two  lirothers,  while  the  younger 
should  be  released,  and  hold  his  life,  Sir,  as  a  gift 
from  you. 

'■  I  tlien  returned  to  the  cabin  of  Brochet  with 
Messrs.  Boisguillot,  Pere,  De  Repentigny,  De 
Manthet,  De  la  Ferte,  and  Macons.  where  were 
all  the  chiefs  of  the  Outawas  du  Sable,  Outawas 
Sinagos,  Kiskakons.  Sauteurs.  D'Achiliny.  apart 
of  the  Ilurons.  and  Oumamens.  the  chief  of  the 
Amikoys.    I  informed  them  of  our  decision    * 

*  *  that,  the  Frenchmen  having  been  killed  by 
the  different  nations,  one  of  each  must  die,  and 
that  the  same  death  they  had  caused  the  French 
to  suffer  they  must  also  suffer.  *  *  *  This 
decision  to  put  the  murderers  to  death  was  a  hard 
stroke  to  them  all,  for  none  had  beUeved  that  I 
would  dare  to  miderta-ke  it.  *  *  *  I  then  left 
the  comicil  and  asked  the  Rev.  Fathers  if  they 
wished  to  baptize  the  prisoners,  which  they  did. 

"An  hour  after,  I  put  myself  at  the  head  of 
forty-two  Frenchmen,  and.  in  sight  of  more  than 
four  hundred  savages,  and  within  two  hundred 
paces  of  their  fort,  I  caused  the  two  murderers 
to  be  shot.  The  impossibility  of  keeping  them 
until  spring  made  me  hasten  their  death.    *    * 

*  "WTien  M.  Pere  made  the  arrest,  those  who  had 
committed  the  murder  confessed  it;  and  when  he 
asked  them  what  they  had  done  with  our  goods, 


14 


EXPLORERS  AXD  PIOXEERS  OF  MIXXESOTA. 


they  answered  that  they  were  akaost  all  con- 
cealed. He  proceeded  to  the  place  of  conceal- 
ment, and  was  very  much  surprised,  as  were  also 
the  French  with  him.  to  lind  them,  in  fifteen  or 
twenty  different  places.  By  the  carelessness  of 
the  savages,  the  tobacco  and  powder  were  entire- 
ly destroyed,  having  been  placed  in  the  pinery, 
imder  the  roots  of  trees,  and  being  soaked  in  the 
water  caused  by  ten  or  twelve  days"  contmuous 
rain,  which  inundated  all  tlie  lower  country. 
The  season  for  snow  and  ice  having  come,  they 
had  all  the  trouble  in  the  world  to  get  out  the 
bales  of  cloth. 

•■  Tliey  then  went  to  se?  the  bodies,  but  could 
not  remove  them,  these  miserable  wretches  hav- 
ing thrown  them  into  a  marsh,  and  thrust  them 
do\\ni  into  holes  which  they  had  made.  Xot  sat- 
isfied with  this,  they  had  also  piled  branches  of 
trees  upon  the  bodies,  to  prevent  them  from  float- 
ing when  the  water  should  rise  in  the  spring, 
hoping  by  tliis  precaution  the  French  would  find 
no  trace  of  those  who  were  killed,  but  would  think 
them  drowned:  as  they  reported  tliat  they  had 
foimd  in  the  lake  on  the  other  side  of  the  Portage, 
a  boat  with  the  sides  all  broken  in.  which  they 
believed  to  be  a  French  boat. 

"  Those  goods  which  the  French  were  able  to 
secure,  they  took  to  Kiaonau  [Keweenaw],  where 
were  a  number  of  Frenchmen  who  had  gone  there 
to  pass  the  winter,  who  knew  nothing  of  the  death 
of  Colin  Berthot  and  Jacques  le  Maire,  until  M. 
Pere  arrived. 

'■  The  ten  who  formed  M.  Pere's  detachment 
having  conferred  together  concerning  the  means 
they  should  take  to  prevent  a  total  loss,  decided 
to  sell  the  goods  to  the  highest  bidder.  Tlie  sale 
was  made  for  lioo  livres,  which  was  to  be  paid  in 
beavers,  to  M.  de  la  Chesnaye,  to  whom  I  send 
the  names  of  the  purchsers. 

••  The  savages  who  were  present  when  Achiga- 
naga  and  his  children  were  arrested  wished  to 
pass  the  calumet  to  M.  Pere.  and  give  him  cap- 
tives to  satisfy  him  for  the  murder  committed  on 
the  two  Frenchmen:  but  he  knew  their  inten- 
tion, and  would  not  accept  their  offer.  lie  told 
them  neither  a  himdred  captives  nor  a  hundred 
packs  of  beaver  would  give  back  the  blood  of  hi  ■. 
brothers ;  that  tlie  murderers  must  be  given  up 
to  me,  and  I  would  see  what  I  would  do. 

"  I  caused  M.  Pere  to  repeat  these  things  in  the 


council,  that  ui  future  the  savages  need  not  think 
by  presents  to  save  those  who  commit  similar 
deeds.  Besides,  sir,  il.  Pere  showed  plamly  by 
his  conduct,  that  he  is  not  strongly  inclined  to 
favor  the  savages,  as  was  reported.  Indeed.  I  do 
not  know  any  one  whom  they  fear  more,  yet  who 
flatters  them  less  or  knows  them  better. 

•■  The  criminals  bemg  in  two  different  places, 
il.  Pere  being  obliged  to  keep  four  of  them,  sent 
ilessrs.  de  Eepentigny.  Manthet.  and  six  other 
Frenchmen,  to  arrest  the  two  who  were  eight 
leagues  in  the  woods.  Among  others.  M.  de  Re- 
pentigny  and  M.  de  Manthet  showed  that  they 
feared  nothing  when  their  honor  called  them. 

"  yi.  de  la  Chevrotiere  has  also  ser\-ed  well  in 
person,  and  by  his  advice,  having  pointed  out 
where  the  prisoners  were.  Achiganaga.  who  had 
adopted  him  as  a  son,  had  told  him  where  he 
should  hruit  during  the  winter.  ***** 
It  still  remained  for  me  to  give  to  Achiganaga  and 
his  three  children  the  means  to  return  to  his 
family.  Tlieir  home  from  which  they  were  taken 
was  nearly  twenty-six  leagues  from  here.  Know- 
ing their  necessity,  I  told  them  you  would  not  be 
satisfied  in  gi\'ing  them  life ;  you  wished  to  pre- 
serve it,  by  giving  them  all  that  was  necessary  to 
prevent  them  from  dying  with  hunger  and  cold 
by  the  way.  and  that  your  gift  was  made  by  my 
hands.  I  gave  them  blankets,  tobacco,  meat, 
hatchets,  knives,  twine  to  make  nets  for  beavers, 
and  two  bags  of  com,  to  supply  them  till  they 
could  kill  game. 

■•  They  departed  two  days  after,  the  most  con- 
tented creatiu-es  in  the  world,  but  God  was  not ; 
for  when  only  two  days'  journey  from  here,  the 
old  Achiganaga  fell  sick  of  the  quinsy,  and  died, 
and  his  children  r-^tumed.  AVhen  the  news  of  his 
death  arrived,  the  greater  part  of  the  savages  of 
this  place  [Mackinaw]  attributed  it  to  the  Frenc.i, 
saying  we  had  caused  him  to  die.  I  let  them 
talk,  and  laughed  at  them.  It  is  only  about  two 
months  since  the  children  of  Achiganaga  retun  e  I 
to  Kiaonan."" 

Some  of  those  opposed  to  Dn  Luth  and  Fron- 
tenac,  prejudiced  the  King  of  France  relative  to 
the  transaction  weliave  described,  and  m  a  letter 
to  the  Governor  of  Canada,  the  Kmg  writes  :  "  It 
appears  to  me  that  one  of  the  principal  causes  of 
the  war  arises  from  one  Du  Luth  having  caused 
two  to  be  killed  who  had  assassinated  two  French- 


ENGLISH  TRADERS  CAPTURED. 


15 


men  on  Lake  Superior ;  and  you  sufficiently  see 
now  mucli  tliis  man's  voyage,  wliicli  can  not  pro- 
duce any  advantage  to  the  colony,  and  'vvliicli  was 
permitted  only  in  the  interest  of  some  private 
persons,  has  contributed  to  distract  the  peace  of 
the  colony." 

Du  Liith  and  his  young  brother  appear  to  have 
traded  at  the  western  extremity  of  Lake  Superior, 
and  on  the  north  shore,  to  Lake  Nipegon. 

In  June,  1G84,  Governor  De  laBarre  sentGuil- 
let  and  Hebert  from  Montreal  to  request  Du  Luth 
and  Durantaye  to  bring  down  voyageurs  and  In- 
dians to  assist  in  an  expedition  against  the  Iro- 
quois of  New  York.  Early  in  September,  they 
reported  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  with  one  hundred 
and  fifty  coureurs  des  bois  and  three  hundred  and 
fifty  Indians ;  but  as  a  treaty  had  just  been  made 
with  tlie  Senecas,  they  returned. 

DelaBarre's  successor,  Governor  Denonville, 
in  a  dispatch  to  the  French  Government,  dated 
Novemljer  12tli.  168.5,  alludes  to  Du  Luth  being 
in  the  far  West,  in  these  words  :  •'  I  likewise  sent 
to  lil.  De  la  Durantaye,  who  is  at  Lake  Superior 
under  orders  from  M.  De  la  Barre,  and  to  Sieur 
Du  Luth,  who  is  also  at  a  great  distance  in  an- 
other direction,  and  all  so  far  beyond  reach  that 
neither  the  one  nor  the  other  can  hear  news  from 
me  this  year  ;  so  that,  not  being  able  to  see  them 
at  soonest,  before  next  July,  I  considered  it  best 
not  to  think  of  undertaking  any  thing  during  the 
whole  of  next  year,  especially  as  a  great  number 
of  our  best  men  are  among  the  Outaouacs,  and 
can  not  return  before  the  ensuing  summer.  *  *  * 
In  regard  to  Sieur  Du  Luth,  I  sent  him  orders  to 
repair  here,  so  that  I  may  learn  the  number  of 
savages  on  whom  I  may  depend.  lie  is  accredit- 
ed among  them,  and  rendered  great  services  to 
M.  De  la  Barre  b>-  a  large  number  of  savages  he 
brought  to  Niagara,  who  would  have  attacked 
the  Senecas,  was  it  not  for  an  express  order  from 
M.  De  la  Barre  to  the  contrary." 

In  1686,  while  at  Mackinaw,  he  was  orderea  to 
establish  a  post  on  the  Detroit,  near  Lake  Erie. 
A  portion  of  the  order  reads  as  f  illows  :  "  After 
having  given  all  the  orders  that  you  may  judge 
necessary  for  the  safety  of  this  post,  and  having 
well  secured  the  obedience  of  the  Iii<Uans,  you 
will  return  to  Michilimackinac,  there  to  await 
Rev.  Father  Engelran,  by  whom  I  will  commu- 
nicate what  I  wish  of  you,  there." 


The  design  of  this  post  was  to  block  the  pas- 
sage of  the  Englisli  to  the  upper  lakes.  Before 
it  was  established,  in  the  fall  of  1686,  Thomas 
Roseboom,  a  daring  trader  from  Albany,  on  the 
Hudson,  had  found  his  way  to  the  vicinity  of 
Mackinaw,  and  by  the  proifer  of  brandy,  weak- 
ened the  allegiance  of  tlie  tribes  to  tlie  French. 

A  canoe  coming  to  Mackinaw  with  dispatches 
for  the  French  and  their  allies,  to  march  to  the 
Seneca  comitry,  in  New  York,  perceived  tliis  New 
York  trader  and  associates,  and,  giving  the  alarm, 
they  were  met  by  three  hundred  coureurs  du 
bois  and  captured. 

In  the  spring  of  1687  Du  Luth,  Durantaye, 
and  Tonty  all  left  the  vicmity  of  Detroit  for  Ni- 
agara, and  as  they  were  coasting  along  Lake  Erie 
they  met  another  English  trader,  a  Scotchman 
by  birth,  and  by  name  Major  Patrick  McGregor, 
a  person  of  some  influence,  going  with  a  number 
of  traders  to  ^Mackinaw.  Having  taken  him  pris- 
oner, he  was  sent  with  Roseboom  to  Montreal. 

Du  Luth,  Tonty,  and  Durantaye  arrived  at  Ni- 
agara on  the  27th  of  June,  1687,  with  one  hun- 
dred and  seventy  French  voyageurs,  besides  In- 
dians, and  on  the  10th  of  July  joined  the  army  of 
Denonville  at  the  mouth  of  the  Genesee  River, 
and  on  the  l.Sth  Du  Luth  and  his  associates  had 
a  skirmish  near  a  Seneca  village,  now  the  site  of 
the  town  of  \'ictor,  twenty  miles  southeast  of  the 
city  of  Rochester,  New  York.  Governor  Denon- 
ville, in  a  report,  writes:  "  On  the  13th.  about  4 
o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  having  passed  through 
two  dangerous  defiles,  we  arrived  at  the  third, 
where  we  were  vigorously  attacked  by  eight  hun- 
dred Senecas,  two  hundred  of  whom  lired,  wish- 
ing to  attack  our  rear,  while  the  rest  would  attack 
our  front,  but  the  resistance,  made  produced 
such  a  great  consternation  that  they  saon  resolved 
to  fly.  *  *  *  We  witnessed  the  p.ainful  sight 
of  the  usual  cruelties  of  the  savages,  who  cut  the 
dead  into  quarters,  as  is  done  in  slaughter  houses, 
in  order  to  put  them  into  the  kettle.  The  greater 
number  were  opened  while  still  warm,  that  the 
blood  might  be  drunk.  Our  rascally  Otaoas  dis- 
tingiushed  themselves  particularly  by  these  bar- 
barities. *  *  *  We  had  five  or  six  men  killed 
on  the  spot,  French  and  Indians,  and  about 
twenty  wounded,  among  the  first  of  wliom  was  the 
Rev.  Father  Angelran,  superior  of  all  the  Otaoan 
Missions,  by  a  very  severe  gun-shot.      It  is  a  great 


16 


EXPLOBETtS  AXD  PIOSEEJiS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


misfortune  that  this  woimd  will  prevent  him  go- 
pg  back  again,  for  he  is  a  man  of  capacity." 

lu  tlie  ord«r  to  Du  Luth  assigning  liim  to  duty 
at  the  post  on  the  >site  of  the  modern  Fort  Gra- 
tiot, above  the  city  of  Detroit,  the  Governor  of 
Canada  said:  "  If  you  can  so  arrange  your  affairs 
that  your  brother  can  be  near  you  in  the  Spring. 
I  shall  be  very  glad.  lie  is  an  intelligent  lad. 
and  might  be  a  great  assistance  to  you;  he  might 
also  be  very  serviceable  to  us." 

This  lad.  Greysolon  de  la  Tourette,  during  the 
■winter  of  16S6-7  was  trading  among  tlie  Assina- 
boines  and  other  tribes  at  the  west  end  of  Lake 
Superior,  but.  upon  receiving  a  dispatch,  hastened 
to  his  brother,  journeying  in  a  canoe  without  any 
escort  from  Mackinaw.  He  did  not  arrive  until 
after  the  battle  with  the  Senecas.  Governor  l)en- 
onville.  on  the  2.5th  of  August,  1687.  wrote: 

••  Du  Luth's  brother,  who  has  recently  arrived 
from  the  rivers  above  the  Lake  of  tlie  Allempi- 
gons  [Nipegon],  assures  me  that  he  saw  more  than 
fifteen  lunidred  persons  come  to  trade  with  liim, 
and  they  were  very  sorry  he  had  not  goods  suffi- 
cient to  satisfy  them.  They  are  of  the  tribes  ac- 
customed to  resort  to  the  English  at  Port  Xelson 
and  River  Bourbon,  where,  they  say.  they  did  not 
go  this  year,  through  Sieur  Du  Lhu's  influence." 

After  the  battle  in  the  vicinity  of  Rochester, 
New  York,  Du  Lutli.  with  his  celebrated  cousin. 
Henry  Tonty,  returned  together  as  far  as  the  post 
above  the  present  city  of  Detroit,  ^Michigan,  but 
this  point,  after  lt>88,  was  not  again  occupied. 

From  this  period  Du  Luth  becomes  less  prom- 
inent. At  the  time  wlien  the  Jesuits  attempted 
to  exclude  brandy  from  the  Indian  country  a  bit- 
ter controversy  arose  between  tliem  and  the 
traders.  Cadillac,  a  Gascon  b\-  birth,  command- 
ing Fort  Buade,  at  Mackuiaw.  on  August  3, 169-5. 
WTote  to  Count  Frontenac:  "  Xow.  what  reason 
can  we  assign  that  the  savages  should  not  drink 
brandy  bought  with  their  ovi-n  money  as  well  as 
weV  Is  it  prohibited  to  prevent  them  from  be- 
commg  intoxicatedV  Or  is  it  because  the  use  of 
luandy  reduces  them  to  extreme  .misery,  placing 
it  out  of  their  power  to  make  war  by  depriving 
them  of  clothing  and  arms?  If  such  representa- 
tions in  regard  to  the  Indians  have  been  made  to 
the  Coimt,  they  are  very  false,  as  every  one  knows 
who  is  acquainted  with  the  ways  of  the  savages. 
*    *    *    It  is  bad  faith  to  represent  to  the  Count 


that  the  sale  of  brandy  reduces  the  savage  to  a 
state  of  nudity,  arfd  by  that  means  places  it  out 
of  his  power  to  make  war,  since  he  never  goes  to 
war  in  any  otlier  condition.  *  *  *  Perhaps  it 
will  be  said  that  the  sale  of  brandy  makes  the 
labors  of  the  missionaries  ;mf  ruitf  ul.  It  is  neces- 
sary to  examine  this  proposition.  If  the  mission- 
aries care  for  only  the  extension  of  commerce, 
pursuhig  the  coui-se  they  have  hitherto,  I  agree 
to  it;  but  if  it  is  the  use  of  brandy  that  hinders 
the  advancement  of  the  cause  of  God.  I  deny  it, 
for  it  is  a  fact  wliieh  no  one  can  deny  that  there 
are  a  great  number  of  savages  who  never  tlrink 
brandy,  yet  who  are  not.  for  that,  better  Chris- 
tians. 

•■  All  the  Sioux,  the  most  numerous  of  all  the 
tribes,  who  inhabit  the  region  along  the  shore  of 
Lake  Superior,  do  not  even  like  the  smell  of 
brandy.  Are  they  more  advanced  in  religion  for 
tliat?  They  do  not  wish  to  have  the  subject  men- 
tioned, and  when  the  missionaries  address  them 
they  only  laugh  at  the  foolishness  of  preaclung. 
Yet  these  priests  boldly  fling  before  the  e\es  of 
Europeans,  whole  volumes  filled  with  glowing 
descriptions  of  the  conversion  of  souls  by  thou- 
sands in  this  country,  causing  tlie  poor  missiona- 
ries from  Europe,  to  run  to  martyrdom  as  flies  to 
sugar  and  honey." 

Du  Luth.  or  Du  Lliut.  as  he  wrote  his  name, 
during  this  discussion,  was  found  upon  the  side 
of  order  and  good  morals.  His  attestation  is  as 
follows  :  "  I  certify  that  at  different  periods  I 
liave  lived  about  ten  years  among  the  Ottawa 
nation,  from  the  time  that  1  made  an  exploration 
to  the  Xadouecioux  people  until  Fort  Saint  Jo- 
seph was  established  by  order  of  the  Monsieur 
Maniuis  Denonville,  Governor  General,  at  tlie 
head  of  the  Detroit  of  Lake  Erie,  which  is  in  the 
Iroquois  country,  and  which  I  had  the  honor  to 
command.  During  this  period.  I  liave  seen  that 
the  trade  in  eau-de-vie  (brandy)  produced  great 
disorder,  the  father  killing  the  son.  and  the  son 
throwing  his  mother  into  the  fire:  and  I  maintain 
that,  morally  speaking,  it  is  impossible  to  export 
brandy  to  the  woods  and  distant  missions,  with- 
out danger  of  its  leading  to  misery." 

Governor  Frontenac.  in  an  expedition  against 
the  Oneidas  of  New  York,  arrived  at  Fort  Fron- 
tenac. on  the  19th  of  July.  1695,  and  Captain  Du 
Luth  was  left  in  command  with  forty  soldiers. 


DU  LUTH  AFFLICTED  WITH  GOUT. 


17 


and  masons  and  carpenters,  with  orders  to  erect 
new  buildings.  In  about  four  weelcs  lie  erected 
a  building  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  in  length, 
containing  ofHcers'  quarters,  store-rooms,  a  bakery 
and  a  chapel.  Early  in  1697  he  was  still  in  com- 
mand of  the  post,  and  in  a  report  it  is  mentioned 
that  "  everybody  was  then  in  good  health,  except 
Captain  Dulhut  the  commander,  who  was  unwell 
of  the  gout." 

It  was  just  before  this  period,  that  as  a  member 
of  the  Eoman  Catholic  Church,  he  was  firmly 
impressed  that  he  had  been  helped  by  prayers 
which  he  addressed  to  a  deceased  Iroquois  girl, 
who  had  died  in  the  odor  of  sanctity,  and,  as  a 
thank  offering,  signed  tlie  following  certificate  : 
"  I,  the  subscriber,  certify  to  all  whom  it  may 
concern,  that  having  been  tormented  by  the  gout, 
for  the  space  of  twenty-three  years,  and  with  such 


severe  pains,  that  it  gave  me  no  rest  for  the  spac 
of  three  months  at  a  time,  I  addressed  myself  to 
Catherine  Tegahkouita,  an  Iroquois  virgin  de- 
ceased at  the  Sault  Samt  Louis,  in  the  reputation 
of  sanctity,  and  I  promised  her  to  visit  her  tomb, 
if  God  should  give  me  health,  through  her  inter- 
cession. I  have  been  as  perfectly  cured  at  the 
end  of  one  novena,  which  I  made  in  her  honor, 
that  after  five  months,  I  have  not  perceived  the 
slightest  touch  of  ray  gout.  Given  at  Fort  Fron- 
tenac,  this  18th  day  of  August,  1696." 

As  soon  as  cold  weather  returned,  his  old  mal- 
ady again  appeared.  He  died  early  in  A.  I).  1710. 
Marquis  de  Vaudreuil,  Governor  of  Canada,  un- 
der date  of  first  of  May  of  that  year,  wrote  to 
Count  Pontchartrain,  Colonial  Minister  at  Paris, 
"  Captain  Du  Lud  died  this  winter.  He  was  a 
very  honest  man." 


18 


EXPLOBEBS  AXD  PIONEEBS  OF  MINKESOTA. 


CHAPTER  TV. 


FIRST   WHITE  MEN  AT  FALLS  OF  SAINT  ANTHONY  OF  PADUA. 


Falls  ofSt,  Anthony  Visited  l>y  White  Men.— La  Salle  Givestlie  First  Description 
of  Tpper  Mississippi  Valley.— Accault,  the  Leader,  Accompanied  hy  Augelle 
and  Hennepin,  at  Falls  of  Saint  Anthony.— Hennepin  Declared  Unreliable  by 
La  Sjille.— His  Early  Life.— His  First  Book  Criticised  by  Ahbe  Bernon  and 
Tronson. —Deceptive  Map. —  First  Meeting  with  Sioux.;— Astonishment  at 
Reading  His  Breviarj-,— Sioux  Name  tor  Guns.- Accault  and  Hennepin  at 
Liike  Pepin.— Leave  the  River  Below  Saint  Paul.— At  Mille  L;ics.— A  Sweating 
Cabin.— Sioux  Wonder  at  Mariner's  Compass.— Feare  of  an  Iron  Pot.— Making 
a  Dictionary.— lufant  Baptised.— Route  to  the  Pacific— Hennepin  Descends 
Rum  River.— First  Visit  to  Fails  of  Saint  Anthony.— On  a  Buffalo  Hunt.— Meets 
Du  Luth— Returns  to  Mille  Ucs.— With  Du  Luth  at  Falls  of  St.  Anthony.— 
Returns  to  France. — Sulisequent  Life. — His  Books  Examined.— Denies  in  First 
Book  His  Descent  to  the  Gulf  of  Me.vjeo.— Dispute  with  Du  Luth  at  Falls  of  St, 
Anthony.— Patronage  of  Du  Luth.— Tribute  to  Du  Luth.— Hennepin's  Answer 
to  Criticisms.— Denounced  by  D'lber^-ille  and  Father  Graner.— Residence  in 
Rome. 

In  the  summer  of  1680,  Michael  Aceaiilt  (AJ£o), 
Heiuiepm,  the  Franciscan  missionary.  Augelle, 
Du  Luth,  and  Faffart  all  \4sited  the  Falls  of 
Saint  Anthony. 

The  first  description  of  the  valley  of  the  upper 
Mississippi  was  written  by  La  SaUe,  at  Fort 
Frontenac,  on  Lake  Ontario,  on  tlie  22d  of  Au- 
gust, 1682,  a  month  before  liennepui,  in  Paris, 
obtained  a  Ucense  to  print,  and  some  time  before 
the  Franciscan's  first  -work,  -was  issued  from  the 
press. 

La  SaUe's  knowledge  must  have  been  received 
from  ilicliael  Accault,  the  leader  of  the  expedi- 
tion, AugeUe,  his  comrade,  or  the  clerical  attache, 
the  Franciscan.  Hennepin. 

It  differs  from  Hennepin's  narrative  in  its  free- 
dom from  bombast,  and  if  its  statements  are  to 
be  credited,  tlie  Franciscan  must  be  looked  on  as 
one  given  to  exaggeration.  The  careful  student, 
however,  soon  learns  to  be  cautious  in  receiving 
the  statement  of  any  of  the  early  explorers  and 
ecclesiastics  of  the  Northwest.  The  Franciscan 
depreciated  the  Jesuit  missionary,  and  La  Salle 
did  not  hesitate  to  misrepresent  Du  Luth  and 
others  for  his  o^ii  exaltation.  La  Salle  makes 
statements  which  we  deem  to  be  -wide  of  the 
truth  when  his  prejudices  are  aroused. 

At  the  very  time  that  tlie  Inteiulant  of  Justice 
in  Canada  is  complaining  tliat  Governor  Fronte- 
nac is  a  friend  and  correspondent  of  Du  Luth, 


La  SaUe  writes  to  his  friends  in  Paris,  thatDu 
Lutli  is  looked  upon  as  an  outlaw  by  the  governor. 

While  official  documents  jirove  that  Du  Luth 
was  in  ilinnesota  a  year  before  Accault  and  asso- 
ciates, yet  La  Salle  ■\\Tites:  "  Moreover,  the  Xa- 
donesioux  is  not  a  region  which  he  has  discov- 
ered. It  is  kuowii  that  it  was  discovered  a  long 
time  before,  and  that  the  Rev.  Father  Ileimepin 
and  ilichael  Accault  were  there  before  him." 

La  Salle  in  this  communication  describes  Ac- 
cault as  one  well  acquainted  with  the  language 
and  names  of  the  Lidians  of  the  Illinois  region, 
and  also  "  cool,  brave,  and  prudent,"  and  the  head 
of  the  party  of  exploration. 

"We  now  proceed  with  the  first  description  of 
the  country  above  the  "Wisconsin,  to  which  is 
given,  for  the  first  and  only  time,  by  any  writer, 
the  Sioux  name,  Meschetz  Odeba,  perhaps  in- 
tended for  ileshdeke  "Wakpa.  River  of  the  Foxes. 

He  describes  the  I'pper  Mississippi  in  these 
words  :  '•  Follo'n'Lng  the  windings  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, they  found  the  river  Ouiseonsing,  "Wiscon- 
sing,  or  Meschetz  Odeba,  which  flows  between 
Bay  of  Puans  and  the  Grand  river.  *  *  ■*  About 
twenty-three  or  twenty-four  leagues  to  the  north 
or  northwest  of  the  mouth  of  the  Ouiseonsing. 
*  *  *  they  fomid  the  Black  river,  called  by  tlie 
Nadouesioux,  Chabadeba  [Chapa  "Wakpa,  Beaver 
river]  not  very  large,  the  mouth  of  which  is  bor- 
dered on  the  two  shores  liy  alders. 

"  Ascendhig  about  tliirty  leagues,  almost  at  the 
same  point  of  the  compass,  is  the  Buffalo  river 
[Chippewa],  as  large  at  its  mouth  as  that  of  the 
lUinois.  They  follow  it  ten  or  twelve  leagues, 
wliere  it  is  deep,  small  and  without  rapids,  bor- 
dered by  liills  which  widen  out  from  time  to  time 
to  form  prairies." 

About  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  of  the  1 1th 
of  April,  1680,  the  travelers  were  met  by  a  war 
party  of  one  himdred  Sioux  in  thirty-three  birch 
bark  canoes,    "ilichael  Accault,  who  was  the 


HENNEPIN  CBITICISED  BY  LA  SALLE. 


19 


leader,"  says  La  Salle,  "presented  the  Calumet." 
The  Indians  were  presented  by  Accault  with 
twenty  knives  and  a  fathom  and  a  half  of  toljacco 
and  some  goods.  Proceeding  with  tlie  Indians 
ten  days,  on  the  22d  of  April  the  isles  in  the  Mis- 
sissippi were  reached,  where  the  Sioux  had  killed 
some  Maskoutens,  and  tliey  halted  to  weep  over 
the  deatli  of  two  of  their  own  number ;  and  to 
assuage  their  grief,  Accault  gave  them  in  trade  a 
box  of  goods  and  twenty-four  hatchets. 

When  they  were  eight  leagues  below  the  Falls 
of  Saint  Anthony,  they  resolved  to  go  by  land  to 
their  village,  sixty  leagues  distant.  They  were 
well  received ;  the  only  strife  among  the  villages 
was  that  which  resulted  from  tlie  desire  to  have 
a  Frenchman  in  their  midst.  La  Salle  also  states 
that  it  was  not  correct  to  give  the  impression  that 
Du  Luth  had  rescued  his  men  from  captivity,  for 
they  could  not  be  properly  called  prisoners. 

He  continues:  "  In  going  up  the  Mississippi 
again,  twenty  leagues  above  that  river  [Saint 
CroixJ  is  found  the  falls,  which  those  I  sent,  and 
who  passing  there  first,  named  Saint  Anthony. 
It  is  thirty  or  forty  feet  high,  and  the  river  is  nar- 
rower here  than  elsewhere.  There  is  a  small 
island  in  the  midst  of  the  chute,  and  the  two 
banks  of  the  river  are  not  bordered  by  high  hills, 
which  gradually  diminish  at  this  point,  but  the 
country  on  each  side  is  covered  with  thin  woods, 
such  as  oaks  and  other  hard  woods,  scattered  wide 
apart. 

"  The  canoes  were  carried  three  or  four  hun- 
dred steps,  and  eight  leagues  above  was  found 
the  west  [eastV]  bank  of  the  river  of  the  Nadoue- 
sioux,  ending  in  a  lake  named  Issati,  which  ex- 
pands into  a  great  marsh,  where  the  wild  rice 
grows  toward  the  mouth." 

In  the  latter  part  of  his  letter  La  Salle  uses  the 
following  language  relative  to  his  old  chaplain: 

"  I  believed  that  it  was  appropriate  to  make  for 
you  the  narrative  of  the  adventures  of  this  canoe, 
because  I  doubt  not  that  they  will  speak  of  it,  and 
if  yon  wish  to  confer  with  the  Father  Louis  Hen- 
nepin, Kecollect,  who  has  returned  to  France,  you 
must  know  him  a  little,  because  he  will  not  fail 
to  exaggerate  all  things;  it  is  his  character,  and 
to  me  he  has  written  as  if  he  were  about  to  be 
burned  wlien  he  was  not  even  in  danger,  but  he 
beheves  that  it  is  honorable  to  act  in  this  maimer, 


and  he  speaks  more  conformably  to  that  which 
he  wishes  than  to  that  which  he  knows." 

Hennepin  was  born  in  Ath,  an  inland  tomi  of 
the  Netherlands.  From  boyhood  lie  longed  to 
visit  foreign  lands,  and  it  is  not  to  be  wondered 
at  that  he  assumed  the  priest's  garb,  for  next  to 
the  soldier's  life,  it  suited  one  of  wandering  pro- 
pensities. 

At  one  time  he  is  on  a  begging  expedition  to 
some  of  the  towns  on  the  sea  coast.  In  a  few 
months  he  occupies  the  post  of  chaplain  at  an 
hospital,  where  he  shrives  the  dying  and  admin- 
isters exti'eme  unction.  From  the  quiet  of  the 
hospital  he  proceeds  to  tlie  camp,  and  is  present 
at  the  battle  of  Seneffe,  which  occurred  in  the 
year  1674. 

His  whole  mind,  from  the  time  that  he  became 
a  priest,  appears  to  have  been  on  "  things  seen 
and  temporal,"  rather  than  on  those  that  are  •■  un- 
seen and  eternal."  While  on  duty  at  some  of  the 
ports  of  the  Straits  of  Dover,  he  exhibited  the 
characteristic  of  an  ancient  Athenian  more  than 
that  of  a  professed  successor  of  the  Apostles. 
lie  sought  out  the  society  of  strangers  "  who 
spent  their  time  in  nothing  else  but  either  to  tell 
or  to  hear  some  new  thing."  With  perfect  non- 
chalance he  confesses  that  notwithstanding  the 
nauseating  fumes  of  tobacco,  he  used  to  slip  be- 
hind the  doors  of  sailors'  taverns,  and  spend  days, 
without  regard  to  the  loss  of  his  meals,  listening 
to  the  adventures  and  hair-breadth  escapes  of  the 
mariners  in  lands  beyond  the  sea. 

In  the  year  1676,  he  received  a  welcome  order 
from  his  Superior,  requiring  him  to  eniljark  for 
Canada.  Unaccustomed  to  the  world,  and  arbi- 
trary in  his  disposition,  he  rendered  the  cabin  of 
the  ship  in  which  he  sailed  any  thing  but  heav- 
enly. As  in  modern  days,  the  passengers  in  a 
vessel  to  the  new  world  were  composed  of  hete- 
rogeneous materials.  There  were  young  women 
going  out  in  search  for  brothers  or  husbands,  ec- 
clesiastics, and  those  engaged  m  the  then  new, 
but  profitable,  commerce  in  furs.  One  of  his 
fellow  passengers  was  the  talented  and  enterpri- 
prising,  though  unfortunate.  La  Salle,  with  whom 
he  was  afterwards  associated.  If  he  is  to  be 
credited,  his  intercourse  with  La  Salle  was  not 
very  pleasant  on  ship-board.  The  young  women, 
tired  of  being  cooped  up  in  the  narrow  accormno- 
datious  of  the  ship,  when  the  evening  was  fair 


20 


EXPLOEEES  AXD  PIOXEEES  OF  MINNES02A. 


sought  the  deck,  and  engaged  in  the  rude  dances 
of  the  French  peasantry  of  that  age.  Hennepin, 
feeling  that  it  was  improper,  began  to  assume 
the  air  of  tlie  priest,  and  forbade  the  sport.  La 
Salle,  feeling  that  his  interference  was  uncalled 
for.  called  liim  a  pedant,  and  took  the  side  of  the 
girls,  and  during  the  voyage  there  were  stormy 
discussions. 

Good  humor  appears  to  have  been  restored 
when  they  left  the  ship,  for  Hennepin  would  oth- 
erwise have  not  been  the  companion  of  La  S^ille 
in  his  great  western  journey. 

Sojourning  for  a  short  period  at  Quebec,  the 
adventure-loving  Franciscan  is  permitted  to  go 
to  a  mission  station  on  or  near  the  site  of  the 
present  town  of  Kingston.  Canada  West. 

Here  there  was  much  to  gratify  his  love  of 
novelty,  and  he  passed  considerable  time  in  ram- 
bling among  tlie  Iroquois  of  ;^f  ew  York.  In  1678 
he  returned  to  Quebec,  and  was  ordered  to  join 
the  expedition  of  Robert  La  Salle. 

On  the  6th  of  December  Father  Hennepin  and 
a  portion  of  the  exploring  party  had  entered  the 
2f  iagara  river.  In  the  vicinity  of  the  Falls,  the 
winter  was  passed,  and  while  the  artisans  were 
preparing  a  ship  above  the  Falls,  to  na\'igate  the 
great  lakes,  the  Recollect  wliiled  away  the  hours, 
in  studying  the  manners  and  customs  of  the  Sen- 
eca Indians,  and  in  admiring  the  sublimest  han- 
diwork of  God  on  the  globe. 

On  the  7th  of  August,  1679,  the  ship  bemg 
completely  rigged,  unfurled  its  sails  to  the  breezes 
of  Lake  Erie.  Tlie  vessel  was  named  the  "  Grif- 
fin." in  honor  of  the  arms  of  Frontenac,  Governor 
of  Canada,  the  first  ship  of  European  construc- 
tion that  had  ever  ploughed  the  waters  of  the 
great  inland  seas  of  North  America. 

After  encountering  a  \iolent  and  dangerous 
storm  on  one  of  the  lakes,  during  which  they  had 
given  up  all  hope  of  escaping  shipwTeck,  on  the 
27th  of  the  month,  they  were  safely  moored  in 
the  harbor  of  "  :Missiliniackhiack."  From  thence 
the  party  proceeded  to  Green  Bay,  where  they 
left  the  ship,  procured  canoes,  and  continued 
along  the  coast  of  Lake  ilichigan.  By  the  mid- 
dle of  January,  1680,  La  Salle  had  conducted  liis 
expedition  to  the  Illinois  Elver,  and,  on  an  emi- 
nence near  Lake  Peoria,  he  commenced,  with 
much  heaviness  of  heart,  the  erection  of  a  fort, 


which  he  called  Crevecoeur,  on  account  of  the 
many  disappointments  he  had  experienced. 

On  tlie  last  of  February.  Accault.  Augelle,  and 
Hennepin  left  to  ascend  the  Mississippi. 

The  first  work  bearing  the  name  of  the  Rev- 
erend Father  Louis  Hennepin.  Franciscan  Mis- 
sionary of  the  Recollect  order,  was  entitled,  "  De- 
scription de  la  Louisiane,"  and  in  1683  published 
in  Paris. 

As  soon  as  the  book  appeared  it  was  criticised. 
Abbe  Bemou,  on  the  29th  of  February,  1684, 
writes  from  Rome  about  the  '■  paltry  book"  (mes- 
hcant  livre  i  of  Father  Hennepin.  About  a  year 
before  the  pious  Tronson,  under  date  of  March 
13, 1683,  wrote  to  a  friend:  "  I  have  interviewed 
the  P.  Recollect,  who  pretends  to  have  descended 
the  ilississippi  river  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  I  do 
not  know  that  one  iciU  beliere  xrhat  he  speaks  any 
more  than  that  wliich  is  in  the  printed  relation  of 
P.  Louis,  which  I  send  you  that  you  may  make 
your  own  reflections." 

On  the  map  accompanying  his  first  book,  he 
boldly  marks  a  Recollect  Mission  many  miles 
north  of  the  point  he  had  visited.  In  the  Utrecht 
edition  of  1697  this  deliberate  fraud  is  erased. 

Throughout  the  work  he  assumes,  that  he  was 
the  leader  of  the  e.xpedition.  and  magnifies  trifles 
into  tragedies.  For  mstance,  Mr.  La  Salle  writes 
that  Michael  Accault,  also  written  Ako,  who  was 
the  leader,  presented  the  Sioux  ■nith  the  calu- 
met ;"  but  HennepLa  makes  the  occurrence  more 
formidable. 

He  writes :  "  Our  prayers  were  heard,  when  on 
the  11th  of  April.  16S0.  about  two  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon,  we  suddenly  perceived  thirty- three 
bark  canoes  mamied  by  a  hundred  and  twenty 
Indians  coming  do'R'n  with  very  great  speed,  on  a 
war  party,  against  the  Miamis,  Illinois  and  ^Nlaro- 
as.  These  Indians  surrounded  us.  and  while  at 
a  distance,  discharged  some  arrows  at  us,  but  as 
they  approached  our  canoe,  the  old  men  seeing  us 
with  the  calumet  of  peace  in  our  liands.  jirevent- 
ed  the  young  men  from  kilUng  us.  These  sava- 
ges leaping  from  their  canoes,  some  on  land, 
others  into  the  water,  with  frightful  cries  and 
yells  approached  us,  and  as  we  madfe  no  resist- 
ance, being  only  three  against  so  great  a  number, 
one  of  them  wrenched  our  caltimet  from  our 
hands,  while  our  canoe  and  theirs  were  tied  to 
the  shore.    We  first  presented  to  them  a  piece  of 


HEAJ^EPIN'S  DIFFICULTY  WITH  PBAYER-BOOK. 


21 


French  tobacco,  better  for  smokins  than  theirs- 
and  the  eldest  among  them  uttered  the  words' 
"  Miamiha,  Miamiha." 

"  As  we  dill  not  imderstand  their  language,  we 
took  a  little  stick,  and  by  signs  which  we  made 
on  the  sand,  showed  them  that  their  enemies,  the 
3Iiamis,  whom  they  sought,  had  fled  across  the 
river  Colbert  [Mississippi]  to  jom  the  Islmois ; 
when  they  saw  themselves  discovered  and  unable 
to  surprise  their  enemies,  three  or  four  old  men 
laying  their  hands  on  my  head,  wept  in  a  mourn- 
ful tone. 

"  With  a  spare  handkerchief  I  had  left  I  wiped 
away  their  tears,  but  tliey  would  not  smoke  oiu' 
Calumet.  They  made  us  cross  the  river  with 
great  cries,  while  all  shouted  with  tears  in  their 
eyes ;  they  made  us  row  before  them,  and  we 
heard  yells  capable  of  striking  the  most  resolute 
with  terror.  After  landmg  our  canoe  and  goods, 
part  of  which  liad  already  been  taken,  we  made  a 
fire  to  boil  our  kettle,  and  we  gave  them  two  large 
wild  turkeys  which  we  had  killed.  These  Indians 
having  called  an  assembly  to  deliberate  what  they 
were  to  do  with  us,  tlie  two  head  chiefs  of  the 
party  approaching,  showed  us  by  signs  that  the 
warriors  wished  to  tomahawk  us.  Tliis  com- 
pelled me  to  go  to  the  war  chiefs  with  one  j'oung 
man,  leaving  the  other  by  our  property,  and 
throw  into  their  midst  six  axes,  fifteen  knives 
and  six  fathom  of  our  black  tobacco ;  and  then 
bringing  down  my  head,  I  showed  them  with  an 
axe  that  they  might  kill  me.  if  they  thought 
proper.  This  present  appeased  many  individual 
members,  who  gave  us  some  beaver  to  eat,  put- 
ting the  three  first  morsels  into  our  mouths,  accor- 
dmg  to  the  custom  of  the  country,  and  blowing  on 
the  meat,  which  was  too  hot,  before  puttmg  the 
bark  dish  before  us  to  let  us  eat  as  we  hked.  We 
spent  the  night  in  anxiety,  because,  before  reti- 
ring at  night,  they  had  returned  us  our  peace 
calumet. 

"  Our  two  boatmen  were  resolved  to  sell  their 
lives  dearly,  and  to  resist  if  attacked  ;  their  arms 
and  swords  were  ready.  As  for  my  own  part,  I 
determhied  to  allow  myself  to  be  killed  without 
any  resistance ;  as  I  was  going  to  announce  to 
them  a  God  w^io  had  been  foully  accused,  un- 
justly condemned,  and  cruelly  crucified,  without 
showing  the  least  aversion  to  those  who  put  him 
to  death.    We  watched  m  turn,  in  oiu-  anxiety, 


so  as  not  to  be  surprised  asleep.  The  next  morn- 
ing, a  chief  named  Narrhetoba  asked  for  the 
peace  calumet,  filled  it  witli  willow^  bark,  and  all 
smoked.  It  was  then  signified  that  the  white 
men  were  to  return  with  them  to  their  villages." 

In  his  narrative  the  Franciscan  remarks,  "I 
foiuul  it  difficult  to  say  my  oflice  before  these 
Inchans.  Many  seeing  me  move  my  lips,  said  in 
a  fierce  tone,  '  Ouakanche.'  Michael,  all  out  of 
coimtenance,  told  me,  that  if  I  continued  to  say 
my  breviary,  we  should  all  three  be  killed,  and 
the  Picard  begged  me  at  least  to  pray  apart,  so  as 
not  to  provoke  them.  I  followed  the  latter's 
advice,  but  the  more  I  concealed  myself  the  more 
I  had  the  Indians  at  my  heels ;  for  when  I  en- 
tered the  wood,  they  thought  I  was  gouig  to  liide 
some  goods  luider  ground,  so  that  I  knew  not  on 
what  side  to  turn  to  pray,  for  they  never  let  me 
out  of  sight.  This  obliged  me  to  beg  pardon  of 
my  canoe -men,  assuring  them  I  could  not  dis- 
pense ynih.  saying  my  office.  By  the  word,  '  Ou- 
akanche,' the  Indians  meant  that  the  book  I  was 
reading  was  a  spirit,  but  by  their  gesture  they 
nevertheless  showed  a  kind  of  aversion,  so  that 
to  accustom  them  to  it,  I  chanted  the  litany  of 
the  Blessed  A'irgin  in  the  canoe,  with  my  book 
opened.  They  thouglit  that  the  breviary  was  a 
spirit  which  taught  me  to  singfor  their  diversion ; 
for  these  people  are  natiu-ally  fond  of  singing." 

This  is  the  first  mention  of  a  Dahkotah  word 
in  a  European  book.  The  savages  were  annoyed 
rather  than  enraged,  at  seemg  the  white  man 
reading  a  book,  and  exclaimed,  "  AVakan-de  I" 
this  is  wonderful  or  supernatural.  The  war 
party  was  composed  of  several  bands  of  the  M'de- 
•walikantonwau  Dahkotahs,  and  there  was  a  di- 
versity of  opinion  in  relation  to  the  disposition 
that  should  be  made  of  the  white  meii.  The 
relatives  of  those  who  had  been  killed  by  the 
jSIiamis,  were  in  favor  of  taking  their  scalps,  but 
others  were  anxious  to  retain  the  favor  of  the 
French,  and  open  a  trading  intercourse. 

Perceivmg  one  of  the  canoe-men  shoot  a  wild 
turkey,  they  called  the  gun,  "  Manza  Ouackange," 
iron  that  has  miderstanding ;  more  correctly, 
"  Maza  Wakande,"  this  is  the  supernatural  metal. 

Aquipaguetin.  one  of  the  head  men,  resorted 
to  the  following  device  to  obtain  merchandise. 
Says  the  Father,  "  This  wily  savage  had  the 
bones  of  some  distinguished  relative,  which  he 


22 


EXPLOBEES  AJS^D  PIOXEEBS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


preserved  with  great  care  in  some  skins  dressed 
and  adorned  with  several  rows  of  black  and  red 
porcupine  quills.  From  time  to  time  he  assem- 
bled his  meu  to  give  it  a  smoke,  and  made  us 
come  several  days  to  cover  the  bones  ■with  goods, 
and  by  a  present  wipe  away  the  tears  he  had  shed 
for  him.  and  for  his  own  sou  killed  by  tlie  ^liamis. 
To  appease  this  captious  man,  we  threw  on  the 
bones  several  fathoms  of  tobacco,  axes,  knives, 
beads,  and  some  black  aud  white  wampiun  brace- 
lets. *  *  *  "We  slept  at  the  poiut  of  the  Lake 
of  Tears  [Lake  Pepin],  which  we  so  called  from 
the  tears  which  this  chief  shed  all  night  long,  or 
by  one  of  his  sons  whom  he  caused  to  weep  when 
he  grew  tired," 

The  next  day.  after  four  or  five  leagues'  sail,  a 
chief  came,  and  telling  them  to  leave  their  canoes, 
he  pulled  up  three  piles  of  grass  for  seats.  Then 
taking  a  piece  of  cedar  full  of  Uttle  holes,  he 
placed  a  stick  into  one,  which  he  revolved  between 
the  palms  of  his  hands,  until  he  kindled  a  fire. 
and  informed  the  Frenchmen  that  they  would  be 
at  ilille  Lac  ui  six  days.  On  the  nineteenth  day 
after  their  captivity,  they  arrived  in  the  vicinity 
of  Saint  Paul,  not  far,  it  is  probable,  from  the 
marshy  gi-ound  on  which  the  Kaposia  band  once 
lived,  aud  now  called  Pig"s  Eye, 

The  journal  remarks,  •■  Having  arrived  on  the 
nineteenth  day  of  our  navigation,  five  leagues 
below  St.  Anthony's  Falls,  these  Indians  landed 
us  in  a  bay,  broke  our  canoe  to  nieces,  and  se- 
creted their  own  in  the  reeds," 

They  then  followed  the  trail  to  Jlille  Lac,  sixty 
leagues  distant.  As  they  approached  their  villa- 
ges, tlie  various  bands  began  to  show  their  spoils. 
The  tobacco  was  highly  prized,  and  led  to  some 
contention.  The  chaUce  of  the  Father,  which 
ghstened  in  the  sun,  they  were  afraid  to  touch, 
supposing  it  was  '-wakan."  After  five  days" 
walk  they  reached  the  Issati  [Dahkotah]  settle- 
ments in  the  valley  of  the  Eum  or  Knife  river. 
The  different  bauds  each  conducted  a  Frenchman 
to  their  village,  the  chief  Aquipaguetin  taking 
charge  of  Hennepin,  After  marcMng  through 
the  marshes  towards  the  sources  of  Kum  river, 
five  wives  of  >.he  chief,  in  three  bark  canoes,  met 
them  and  took  them  a  short  league  to  an  island 
where  their  cabins  were. 

An  aged  Indian  kindly  rubbed  down  the  way- 
v."om  Franciscan ;   placing  him  on  a  bear -skin 


near  the  fire,  he  anointed  his  legs  and  the  soles 
of  his  feet  with  wildcat  oU, 

The  son  of  the  chief  took  great  pleasure  ui  car- 
rying upon  his  bare  back  the  priest's  robe  with 
dead  men's  bones  enveloped.  It  was  called  Pere 
Louis  Chinnen,  In  the  Dahkotah  lauguage  Shia- 
ua  or  Shinnau  signifies  a  buffalo  robe. 

Hennepin's  description  of  his  life  on  the  island 
is  in  these  words : 

'•  The  day  after  our  arrival,  Aquipaguetin,  who 
was  the  head  of  a  large  family,  covered  me  with 
a  robe  made  of  ten  large  dressed  beaver  skins, 
trimmed  with  porcupine  quills.  This  Indian 
showed  me  five  or  sis  of  his  -nives,  teUing  them, 
as  I  afterwards  learned,  that  they  shouP  in  fu- 
ture regard  me  as  one  of  their  children, 

'•  He  set  before  me  a  bark  dish  full  of  fish,  and 
seeing  that  I  could  not  rise  from  the  groimd,  he 
had  a  small  sweating-cabin  made,  in  which  he 
made  me  enter  with  four  Indians.  This  cabin  he 
covered  with  buffalo  skins,  and  inside  he  put 
stones  red-hot.  He  made  me  a  sign  to  do  as  the 
others  before  beginning  to  sweat,  but  I  merely 
concealed  my  nakedness  with  a  liandkerchief. 
As  soon  as  these  Indians  had  several  times 
breathed  out  quite  -violently,  he  began  to  sing  vo- 
ciferously, the  others  putting  their  hands  on  me 
and  rubbing  me  ^xhile  they  wept  bitterly,  I  be- 
gan to  faint,  but  I  came  out  and  could  scarcely 
take  my  habit  to  put  on,  AVhen  he  made  me 
sweat  thus  three  times  a  week,  I  felt  as  strong  as 
ever." 

The  mariner's  compass  was  a  constant  source 
of  wonder  and  amazement,  Aquipaguetin  hav- 
ing assembled  the  braves,  would  ask  Hennepin 
to  show  his  compass.  Percei\Tng  that  the  needle 
turned,  the  chief  harangued  his  men,  and  told 
them  that  the  Europeans  were  spmts,  capable  of 
doing  any  thing. 

In  the  Franciscan's  possession  was  an  iron  pot 
with  feet  like  lions',  which  the  Indians  would  not 
touch  imless  their  hands  were  vTapped  in  buffalo 
skins.  The  women  looked  upon  it  as  "  wakan," 
and  would  not  enter  the  cabin  where  it  was. 

'■  The  chiefs  of  these  savages,  seemg  that  I  was 
desirous  to  learn,  frequently  made  me  write, 
naming  aU  the  parts  of  the  hiunan  body  ;  and  as 
I  would  not  put  on  paper  certaui  iudehcate  words, 
at  -which  they  do  not  blush,  they  were  heartily 
amused." 


HENNEPINS  VISIT  TO  F^LLLS  OF  SAINT  ANTHONY. 


23 


They  often  asked  the  Franciscan  questions,  to 
answer  which  it  was  necessary  to  refer  to  his  lex- 
icon. This  appeared  very  strange,  and,  as  they 
had  no  word  for  paper,  tliey  said,  "  That  white 
thing  must  be  a  spirit  which  tells  Fere  Louis  all 
we  say." 

Hennepin  remarks  :  "  These  Indians  often 
asked  me  how  many  wives  and  children  I  had, 
and  how  old  I  was,  that  is,  how  many  wuiters ; 
for  so  these  natives  always  count.  Never  illu- 
mined by  the  light  of  faith,  they  were  surprised 
at  my  answer.  Pointing  to  our  two  Frenchmen, 
whom  I  was  then  visiting,  at  a  point  three  leagues 
from  our  village,  I  told  them  that  a  man  among 
us  could  only  have  one  wife ;  that  as  for  me,  I 
had  promised  the  Master  of  life  to  live  as  they 
saw  me,  and  to  come  and  live  with  them  to  teach 
them  to  be  like  the  French. 

'■  But  that  gross  people,  till  then  lawless  and 
faithless,  turned  all  I  said  into  ridicule.  '  IIow,' 
said  they,  '  would  you  have  these  two  men  with 
thee  have  wives?  Ours  would  not  live  with  them, 
for  they  have  hair  all  over  their  face,  and  we  have 
none  there  or  elsewhere.'  In  fact,  they  were 
never  better  pleased  with  me  than  when  I  was 
shaved,  and  from  a  complaisance,  certainly  not 
criminal,  I  shaved  every  week. 

"  As  often  as  I  went  to  visit  the  cabins,  I  fomid 
a  sick  child,  whose  father's  name  was  Mamenisi. 
Michael  Ako  would  not  accompany  me ;  the 
Picard  du  Gay  alone  followed  me  to  act  as  spon- 
sor, or,  rather,  to  witness  the  baptism. 

"  I  christened  the  child  Antoinette,  in  honor  of 
St.  Anthony  of  Padua,  as  well  as  for  the  Picard's 
name,  which  was  Anthony  Auguelle.  He  was  a 
native  of  Amiens,  and  nephew  of  the  Procurator- 
General  of  the  Premonstratensians  both  now  at 
Paris.  IlaAing  poured  natural  water  on  the  head 
and  uttered  these  words  :  '  Creature  of  God,  I 
baptize  thee  in  the  name  of  the  Father,  and  of 
the  Son,  and  of  the  Holy  Ghost,'  I  took  half  an 
altar  cloth  which  I  had  wrested  from  the  hands 
of  an  Indian  who  had  stolen  it  from  me,  and  put 
it  on  the  body  of  the  baptized  child ;  for  as  I 
could  not  say  mass  for  want  of  wine  and  vest- 
ments, this  piece  of  linen  coidd  not  be  put  to  bet- 
ter use  than  to  enshroud  the  fust  Christian  child 
among  these  tribes.  I  do  not  know  whether  the 
softness  of  the  linen  liad  refreshed  her.  but  she 
was  the  next  day  smiUng  in  her  mother's  arms. 


who  believed  that  I  had  cured  the  child  ;  but  she 
died  soon  after,  to  my  great  consolation. 

"  During  my  stay  among  them,  there  arrived 
four  savages,  who  said  they  were  come  alone  five 
hundred  leagues  from  the  west,  and  had  been  four 
mouths  upon  the  way.  They  assured  us  there 
was  no  such  place  as  the  Straits  of  Anian,  and 
that  they  had  traveled  without  resting,  except  to 
sleep,  and  had  not  seen  or  passed  over  any  great 
lake,  by  which  phrase  they  always  mean  the  sea. 

"  They  further  informed  us  that  the  nation  of 
the  Assenipoulacs  [AssiniboLues]  who  Ue  north- 
east of  Issati,  was  not  above  six  or  seven  days' 
journey ;  that  none  of  the  nations,  within  their 
knowledge,  who  lie  to  the  east  or  northwest,  had 
any  great  lake  about  their  countries,  wiiich  were 
very  large,  but  only  rivers,  which  came  from  the 
north.  They  further  assured  us  that  there  were 
very  few  forests  in  the  countries  through  which 
they  passed,  insomuch  that  now  and  then  they 
were  forced  to  make  fires  of  buffaloes'  dung  to 
boil  their  food.  All  these  circumstances  make  it 
appear  that  there  is  no  such  place  as  the  Straits 
of  Anian,  as  we  usually  see  them  set  down  on  the 
maps.  And  whatever  efforts  have  been  made  for 
many  year-J,  past  by  the  EngUsh  and  Dutch,  to 
find  out  a  passage  .to  the  Frozen  Sea,  they  have 
not  yet  been  able  to  effect  it.  But  by  the  help  of 
my  discovery  aud  the  assistance  of  God,  I  doubt 
not  but  a  passage  may  still  be  found,  aud  that  an 
easy  one  too. 

"  For  example,  we  may  be  transported  into  the 
Pacific  Sea  by  rivers  which  are  large  and  capable 
of  carrying  great  vessels,  and  from  thence  it  is 
very  easy  to  go  to  China  and  Japan,  without  cross- 
ing the  equinoctial  line;  and,  in  all  probahihty, 
Japan  is  on  tlie  same  continent  as  America." 

Hennepin  in  his  first  book,  thus  describes  his 
first  visit  to  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony  :  '■  In  the 
begiiming  of  July,  1680,  we  descended  the  [Rum] 
Ri\er  in  a  canoe  southward,  with  the  great  chief 
Ouasicoude  [Wauzeekootay]  that  is  to  say  Pierced 
Pine,  with  about  eighty  cabins  composed  of  more 
than  a  hundred  and  thirty  families  and  about 
two  hundred  and  fifty  warriors.  Scarcely  would 
the  Indians  give  me  a  place  in  their  little  fiotilla, 
for  they  had  only  old  canoes.  They  went  foirr 
leagues  lower  down,  to  get  birch  bark  to  make 
some  more.  Having  made  a  liole  in  the  ground, 
to  liide  oiu-  sUver  chalice  and  our  papers,  till  our 


24 


EXPLOBERS  AND  PIONEEBS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


return  from  the  hunt,  and  keepmg  only  our  bre- 
viary, so  as  not  to  be  loaded,  I  stood  on  the  bank 
of  the  lake  formed  by  the  river  we  had  called  St. 
Francis  [now  Kum]  and  stretched  out  my  hand 
to  the  canoes  as  they  rapidly  passed  m  succession. 

"Our  Frenchmen  also  had  one  for  themselves. 
which  the  Intlians  had  given  them.  They  would 
not  take  me  in.  Michael  Ako  saying  that  he  had 
taken  me  long  enough  to  satisfy  him.  I  was  hurt 
at  tliis  answer,  seemg  myself  thus  abandoned  by 
Christians,  to  whom  I  had  always  done  good,  as 
they  both  often  acknowledged;  but  God  never 
having  abandoned  me  on  that  painful  voyage,  in- 
spired two  Indians  to  take  me  in  their  Uttle 
canoe,  where  I  had  no  other  employment  than  to 
bale  out  with  a  little  bark  tray,  the  water  which 
entered  by  little  holes.  This  1  did  not  do  with- 
out getting  all  wet.  This  boat  might,  Indeed,  be 
called  a  death  box.  for  its  lightness  and  fragility. 
These  canoes  do  not  generally  weigh  t)ver  fifty 
pounds,  the  least  motion  of  the  body  upsets  them, 
unless  you  are  long  accustomed  to  that  kind  of 
navigation. 

"  On  disembarking  in  the  evening,  the  Picard. 
as  an  excuse,  told  me  that  their  canoe  was  half- 
rotten,  and  that  had  we  been  three  in  it,  we 
should  have  run  a  great  risk  of  remauiing  on  the 
way,  *  *  *  Four  days  after  our  departure  for 
the  buffalo  hunt,  we  halted  eight  leagues  above 
St,  Anthony  of  Padua's  Falls,  on  an  eminence 
opposite  the  mouth  of  the  River  St,  Francis  [Rum] 
*  *  *  The  Picard  and  myself  went  to  look  for 
haws,  gooseberries,  and  little  wild  fruit,  which 
often  did  us  move  harm  than  good.  This  obliged 
us  to  go  alone,  as  Michael  Ako  i-efused,  in  a 
wretched  canoe,  to  Ouiseonsin  river,  which  was 
more  than  a  hundred  leagues  off,  to  see  whether 
the  Sieur  de  la  Salle  had  sent  to  that  place  a  re- 
inforcement of  men,  with  powder,  lead,  and 
other  munitions,  as  he  had  promised  us, 

"  The  Indians  would  not  have  suffered  this 
voyage  had  not  one  of  the  three  remained  with 
them.  They  wished  me  to  stay,  but  Michael 
Ako  absolutely  refused.  As  we  were  making  the 
portage  of  our  canoe  at  St,  Anthony  of  Padua's 
Falls,  we  perceived  five  or  six  of  our  Indians  who 
had  taken  the  start ;  one  of  them  was  up  m  an 
oak  opposite  the  great  fall,  weeping  bitterly,  with 
a  rich  dressed  beaver  robe,  whitened  inside,  and 
trimmed  with  porcupine  quills,  which  he  was 


offering  as  a  sacrifice  to  the  falls;  w-hich  is,  in  it- 
self, admirable  and  frightful.  I  heard  him  while 
shedding  copious  tears,  say  as  he  spoke  to  the 
great  cataract,  '  Thou  who  art  a  spirit,  grant  that 
our  nation  may  pass  here  qtiietly,  without  acci- 
dent ;  may  kill  buffalo  in  abundance ;  conquer 
otir  enemies,  and  bring  in  slaves,  some  of  whom 
we  will  put  to  death  before  thee.  The  Messenecqz 
(so  they  call  the  tribe  named  by  the  French  Outa- 
gamis)  have  killed  our  kindred ;  grant  that  we 
may  avenge  them.'  This  robe  offered  in  sacrifice, 
served  one  of  our  Frenchmen,  who  took  it  as  we 
returned." 

It  is  certauily  wonderful,  that  Hennepin,  who 
knew  nothing  of  the  Sioux  language  a  few  weeks 
before,  should  understand  the  prayer  offered  at 
the  Falls  without  the  aid  of  an  interpreter. 

The  narrator  continues  :  "  A  league  beyond 
St.  Anthony  of  Padua's  Falls,  the  Picard  was 
obUged  to  land  and  get  liis  powder  horn,  which  he 
had  left  at  the  Falls.  *  *  *  As  we  descended 
the  river  Colbert  [Mississippi]  we  found  some  of 
our  Indians  on  the  islands  loaded  with  buffalo 
meat,  some  of  which  they  gave  us.  Two  hours 
after  landing,  fifteen  or  sixteen  warriors  whom  we 
had  left  above  St.  Anthony  of  Padua's  Falls,  en- 
tered, tomakawk  in  hand,  upset  the  cabin  of  those 
who  had  invited  us,  took  all  the  meat  and  bear 
oU  they  found,  and  greased  themselves  from  head 
to  foot,'' 

This  was  done  because  the  others  had  violated 
the  rules  for  the  buffalo  hunt.  "With  the  Indians 
Hennepin  went  down  the  river  sixty  leagues,  and 
then  went  up  the  river  agaui,  and  met  buffalo. 
He  contmues : 

"  ■\Vliile  seeking  the  Ouiseonsin  River,  that 
savage  father.  Aciuipaguetin,  whom  I  had  left, 
and  who  I  beUeved  more  than  two  hundred 
leagues  off,  on  the  11th  of  July,  1680,  appeared 
with  the  warriors,''  After  this,  Hennepiu  and 
Picard  continued  to  go  up  the  river  almost  eighty 
leagues. 

There  is  great  confusion  here,  as  the  reader 
will  see,  When  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rum  River, 
he  speaks  of  the  Wisconshi  as  more  than  a  him- 
dred  leagues  off.  He  floats  down  the  river  sixty 
leagues ;  then  he  ascended,  but  does  not  state  the 
distance;  then  he  ascends  eighty  leagues. 

He  continues  :  "  The  Intlians  whom  he  had  left 
with  Michael  Ako  at  Buffalo  [Chippeway]  River, 


HUNNEPIN  MEETS  SIEUR  DU  LVTH. 


25 


with  the  flotilla  of  canoes  loaded  with  meat,  came 
down.  *  *  *  All  the  Indian  women  had  their 
stock  of  meat  at  the  mouth  of  Buffalo  Eiver  and 
on  the  islands,  and  again  we  went  down  the  Col- 
bert [Mississippi]  about  eighty  leagues.  *  *  * 
We  had  another  alarm  in  our  camp  :  the  old  men 
on  duty  on  the  top  of  the  mountains  announced 
that  they  saw  two  warriors  in  the  distance ;  all 
the  bowmen  hastened  there  with  speed,  each  try- 
ing to  outstrip  the  others  ;  but  they  brought  back 
only  two  of  their  enemies,  who  came  to  tell  them 
that  a  party  of  their  people  were  hunting  at  the 
extremity  of  Lake  Conde  [Superior]  and  had  found 
four  Spirits  (so  they  call  the  French)  who,  by 
means  of  a  slave,  had  expressed  a  wish  to  come 
on,  knowing  us  to  be  among  them.  *  *  *  On 
the  25th  of  July,  IbSO,  as  we  were  ascending  the 
river  Colbert,  after  the  buffalo  hunt,  to  the  In- 
dian villages,  ■we  met  Sieur  du  Luth.  who  came 
to  the  Kadouessious  with  live  French  soldiers. 
They  joined  us  about  two  hundred  and  twenty 
leagues  distant  from  the  country  of  the  Indians 
who  had  taken  us.  As  we  had  some  knowledge 
of  the  language,  they  l)egged  us  to  accompany 
them  to  the  villages  of  these  tribes,  to  which  I 
readily  agreed,  knowing  that  these  two  French- 
men had  not  approached  the  sacrament  for  two 
years." 

Here  again  the  number  of  leagues  is  confusing, 
and  it  is  impossible  to  believe  that  I)u  Luth  and 
his  interpreter  Faflart,  who  had  been  trading 
with  the  Sioux  for  more  than  a  year,  needed  the 
help  of  Hennepin,  who  had  been  about  three 
months  with  tliese  people. 

We  are  not  told  by  what  route  Hennepin  and 
Du  Luth  reached  Lake  Issati  or  Mille  Lacs,  but 
Hennepin  says  they  an-ived  there  on  the  lltli  of 
August,  1680,  and  he  adds.  "  Toward  the  end  of 
Sei)tember,  havmg  no  implements  to  begin  an 
establishment,  we  resolved  to  tell  these  people, 
that  for  their  benefit,  we  would  have  to  return  to 
the  French  settlements.  The  grand  Chief  of  the 
Issati  or  Nadouessiouz  consented,  and  traced  in 
pencil  on  paper  I  gave  him,  the  route  I  should 
take  for  foiu'  hundred  leagues.  With  this  chart, 
we  set  out,  eight  Frenchmen,  in  two  canoes,  and 
descended  the  river  St.  Francis  and  Colbert  [Eum 
and  Alississippi].  Two  of  our  men  took  two  bea- 
ver robes  at  St.  Anthony  of  Padua"s  Falls,  which 
the  Indians  had  hung  in  sacrifice  on  the  trees." 


The  second  work  of  Hennepin,  an  enlargement 
of  the  first,  appeared  at  Utrecht  in  the  year  1697, 
ten  years  after  La  Salle's  death.  During  the  in- 
terval between  the  publication  of  the  first  and 
second  book,  he  had  passed  three  years  as  Super- 
intendent of  the  Recollects  at  Eeny  in  the  province 
of  Artois,  when  Father  Hyacinth  Lefevre,  a  friend 
of  La  Salle,  and  Conmiissary  Provincial  of  Recol- 
lects at  Paris,  wished  him  to  return  to  Canada. 
He  refused,  and  was  ordered  to  go  to  Rome,  and 
ujwn  his  coming  back  was  sent  to  a  convent  at 
St.  Omer,  and  there  received  a  dispatch  from  the 
Minister  of  State  in  France  to  return  to  the  coun- 
tries of  the  King  of  Spain,  of  which  he  was  a 
subject.  This  order,  he  asserts,  he  afterwards 
learned  was  forged. 

In  the  preface  to  the  English  edition  of  the 
]yew  Discovery,  published  in  1098,  in  London,  he 
writes  : 

"  The  pretended  reason  of  that  violent  order 
was  because  I  refused  to  return  into  America, 
where  I  had  been  already  eleven  years ;  though 
the  particular  laws  of  our  Order  oblige  none  of  us 
to  go  beyond  sea  against  his  will.  I  would  have, 
however,  returned  very  willingly  had  I  not  known 
the  maUce  of  M.  La  Salle,  who  woidd  have  ex- 
posed me  to  perish,  as  he  did  one  of  the  men  who 
accompanied  me  in  my  discovery.  God  knows 
that  I  am  sorry  for  liis  mifortimate  death;  but 
the  judgments  of  the  Almighty  are  always  just, 
for  tlie  gentleman  was  lulled  by  one  of  his  own 
men,  who  were  at  last  sensible  that  he  exposed 
them  to  visible  dangers  without  any  necessity  and 
for  his  private  designs." 

After  this  he  was  for  about  five  years  at  Gosse- 
lies,  in  Brabant,  as  Confessor  in  a  convent,  and 
from  thence  removed  to  his  native  place,  Ath,  in 
Belgium,  where,  according  to  his  narrative  in  the 
preface  to  the  "  Nouveau  Decouverte,"  he  was 
again  persecuted.  Then  Father  Payez,  Grand 
Commissary  of  Recollects  at  Louvain.  beuig  in- 
formed that  the  King  of  Spain  and  the  Elector  of 
Bavaria  recommended  the  step,  consented  that 
he  should  enter  the  service  of  William  the  Third 
of  Great  Britain,  who  had  lieen  very  kind  to  the 
Roman  Catholics  of  Netherlands.  By  order  of 
Payez  he  was  sent  to  Antwerii  to  take  the  lay 
habit  in  the  convent  there,  and  subsequently 
went  to  Utrecht,  where  he  finished  his  second 
book  known  as  the  New  Discovery. 


26 


EXPLOEEBS  ANB  PIOXEEBS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


His  first  volume,  printed  iii  1683.  contains  312 
pages,  with  an  appendix  of  107  pages,  on  the 
Customs  of  the  Savages,  while  the  Utreclit  boolc 
of  169"  contains  509  pages  without  an  appendix. 

On  page  249  of  the  Xew  Discovery,  he  begins 
an  account  of  a  voyage  alleged  to  have  been  madt' 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi,  and  occupies 
over  sixty  pages  in  the  narrative.  The  opening 
sentences  give  as  a  reason  for  concealing  to  tliis 
time  his  discovery,  tliat  La  Salle  would  have  re- 
ported him  to  his  Superiors  for  presuming  to  go 
down  instead  of  ascenchng  the  stream  toward  the 
north,  as  had  been  agreed  ;  and  tliat  the  two  witli 
him  threatened  that  if  lie  did  not  consent  to  de- 
scend the  river,  they  would  leave  liim  on  shore 
during  the  night,  and  pursue  their  own  course. 

He  asserts  that  he  left  tlie  tiulf  of  Mexico,  to 
retimi,  on  the  1st  of  April,  and  on  the  24th  left 
the  Arkansas  ;  but  a  week  after  this,  he  declares 
he  landed  with  the  Sioux  at  the  marsh  about  two 
miles  below  the  city  of  Sahit  Paul. 

The  account  has  been  and  is  still  a  puzzle  to 
the  historical  student.  In  our  review  of  his  first 
book  we  have  noticed  that  as  early  as  1683,  he 
claimed  to  have  descended  the  ^lississippi.  In 
the  Utrecht  publication  he  declares  that  while  at 
Quebec,  upon  his  return  to  France,  he  gave  to 
Father  Valentine  Eoux.  t'ommissary  of  Recol- 
lects, his  journal,  upon  the  promise  that  it  would 
be  kept  secret,  and  tliat  this  Father  made  a  copy 
of  his  wliole  voyage,  including  tlie  visit  to  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico  ;  but  in  his  Description  of  Louis- 
iana. Henneiiiii  wrote.  ■"  "We  had  some  design  of 
going  to  the  mouth  of  the  river  t'olbert.  wliich 
more  probably  empties  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
than  into  the  Red  Sea,  but  the  tribes  that  seized 
us  gave  us  no  time  to  sail  up  and  down  the  river." 

The  additions  in  his  Utreclit  book  to  magnify 
his  importance  and  detract  from  others,  are 
many.  As  Sparks  and  Parkman  have  pointed 
out  the  plagiarisms  of  this  edition,  a  reference 
here  is  unnecessary. 

Du  Luth,  who  left  Quebec  m  1678,  and  had 
been  in  northern  Minnesota,  with  an  interpreter, 
for  a  year,  after  he  met  Ako  and  Hennepin,  be- 
comes of  secondary  importance,  m  the  eyes  of 
the  Franciscan. 

In  the  Description  of  Louisiana,  on  page  289. 
Hennepm  speaks  of  passing  the  Falls  of  Saint 
Anthony,  upon  his  return  to  Canada,  hi  these 


few  words  :  ••  Two  of  our  men  seized  two  beaver 
robes  at  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony  of  Padua, 
which  the  IntUans  liad  in  sacrifice,  fastened  to 
trees.'"  But  in  the  Utrecht  edition,  commencing 
on  page  416.  there  is  much  added  concerning  Du 
Luth.  After  using  the  language  of  the  edition 
of  1683,  already  quoted  it  adds:  "Hereupon 
there  arose  a  dispute  between  Sieur  du  Luth  and 
myself.  I  commended  what  they  had  done,  say- 
ing. •  The  savages  might  judge  by  it  that  they 
disliked  the  superstition  of  these  people.'  The 
Sieur  du  Luth,  on  the  contrary,  said  that  they 
ought  to  have  left  the  robes  where  the  savages 
placed  them,  for  they  would  not  fail  to  avenge 
the  insult  we  had  put  upon  them  by  this  a(;tion, 
and  that  it  was  feared  that  they  would  attack  us 
on  this  journey.  I  confessed  he  had  some  foun- 
dation for  what  he  said,  and  that  he  spoke  accor- 
ding to  tlie  rules  of  prudence.  But  one  of  the 
two  men  flatly  replied,  the  two  robes  suited  them, 
and  they  cared  nothing  for  the  savages  and  their 
superstitions.  The  Sieur  du  Luth  at  these  words 
was  so  greatly  enraged  that  he  nearly  struck  the 
one  who  uttered  them,  but  I  intervened  and  set- 
tled the  dispute.  The  Picard  and  Michael  Ako 
ranged  themselves  on  the  side  of  those  who  had 
taken  the  robes  in  question,  which  might  have 
resulted  badly. 

'•  I  argued  ■nith  Sieur  duLutli  that  the  savages 
would  not  attack  us,  because  I  was  persuaded 
ihat  their  great  chief  Ouasicoude  would  have  our 
interests  at  heart,  and  he  had  great  credit  with 
his  nation.    The  matter  terminated  pleasantly. 

"  "Wlien  we  arrived  near  the  river  Ouisconsin, 
we  halted  to  smoke  the  meat  of  the  buffalo  we 
had  Idlled  on  the  journey.  During  our  stay,  three 
savages  of  the  nation  we  had  left,  came  by  the 
side  of  our  canoe  to  teU  us  that  their  great  cliief 
Ouasicoude.  having  learned  that  another  chief  of 
these  people  wished  to  pursue  and  kill  us,  and 
that  he  entered  the  cabin  where  he  was  consult- 
ing, and  had  struck  him  on  the  head  with  such 
^dolence  as  to  scatter  his  brains  upon  his  associ- 
ates ;  thus  preventing  the  executing  of  this  inju- 
rious project. 

'•  We  regaled  the  three  savages,  having  a  great 
abundance  of  food  at  that  time.  The  Sieur  du 
Luth.  after  the  savages  had  left,  was  as  enraged 
as  before,  and  feared  that  they  would  pursue  and 
attack  us  on  our  voyage.    He  would  have  pushed 


TRIBUTE  TO  DANIEL  GREYSOLON  DU  LVTH. 


27 


the  matter  further,  but  seeuig  that  one  man  would 
resist,  and  was  not  in  the  humor  to  be  imposed 
upon,  he  moderated,  and  I  appeased  them  in  tlie 
end  witli  the  assiu'ance  tluit  God  would  not  aban- 
don us  in  distress,  and.  pro\ided  we  cimflded  in 
Ilim,  he  would  deliver  us  from  our  foes,  because 
He  is  the  protector  of  men  and  angels." 

After  describing  a  conference  with  the  Sioux. 
he  adds,  "  Tims  the  savages  were  very  kind, 
without  mentioning  the  beaver  robes.  The  chief 
Ouasicoude  told  me  to  offer  a  fathom  of  Marti- 
nico  tobacco  to  the  chief  Aquipaguetin.  who  had 
adopted  me  as  a  son.  This  had  an  admirable 
effect  upon  the  barljarians,  who  went  off  shouting 
sev#al  times  the  word  '  Louis,'  [Ouis  or  We] 
which,  as  he  said,  means  the  sun.  Without  van- 
ity, I  must  say  that  my  name  will  be  for  a  long 
time  among  these  people. 

"The  savages  having  left  us,  to  go  to  war 
against  the  Messorites,  the  Maroha,  the  Ilhnois, 
and  other  nations  which  live  toward  the  lower 
part  of  the  Mississippi,  and  are  irreconcilable  foes 
of  the  people  of  the  North,  the  Sieur  du  Luth, 
who  upon  many  occasions  gave  me  marks  of  his 
friendship,  could  not  forbear  to  tell  our  men  that 
I  had  all  the  reason  in  the  world  to  believe  that 
the  A'iceroy  of  Canada  would  give  me  a  favorable 
reception,  should  we  arrive  before  winter,  and 
that  he  wished  with  all  his  heart  that  he  had  been 
among  as  many  natives  as  myself." 

The  style  of  Louis  Hennepin  is  unmistakable 
in  this  e.xtract,  and  it  is  amusing  to  read  his  pa- 
tronage of  one  of  the  fearless  explorers  of  the 
Northwest,  a  cousin  of  Tonty,  favored  by  Fron- 
tenac,  and  who  was  in  Minnesota  a  year  before 
his  arrival. 

In  1691,  six  years  before  the  Utrecht  edition  of 
Hennepin,  another  Recollect  Franciscan  had  pub- 
lished a  book  at  Paris,  called  "  The  First  Estab- 
lishment of  the  Faith  in  New  France,"  in  which 
is  the  following  tribute  to  Du  Luth,  whom  Hen- 
nepin strives  to  make  a  subordinate  :  "In  the  last 
years  of  M.  de  Frontenac's  administration,  Sieur 
DuLuth,a  man  of  talent  and  experience,  opened 
a  way  to  the  missionary  and  the  Gospel  in  many 
different  nations,  turning  toward  the  north  of 
that  lake  [Superior]  where  he  even  built  a  fort, 
he  advanced  as  far  as  the  Lake  of  the  Issati, 
called  Lake  Buade,  from  the  family  name  of  M. 


de  Frontenac,  planting  the  arms  of  his  Majesty 
in  several  nations  on  the  right  and  left." 

In  the  second  volume  of  his  last  book,  wliich  is 
called  "  A  Contmuance  of  the  New  Discovery  of 
a  vast  Country  in  America,"  etc.,  Hennepin  no- 
ticed some  criticisms. 

To  the  objection  that  his  work  was  dedicated 
to  William  the  Third  of  Great  Britain,  he  repUes : 
"  My  King,  his  most  Catholic  Majesty,  his  Elec- 
toral Iliglmess  of  Bavaria,  the  consent  m  writing 
of  the  Superior  of  my  order,  the  integrity  of  my 
faith,  and  the  regular  observance  of  my  vows, 
which  his  Britannic  Majesty  allows  me,  are  the 
best  warrants  of  the  .uprightness  of  my  inten- 
tions." 

To  the  (luery,  how  he  could  travel  so  far  upon 
the  Mississippi  in  so  httle  time,  he  answers  with 
a  bold  face,  •'  That  we  may,  with  a  canoe  and  a 
pair  of  oars,  go  twenty,  twenty-five,  or  thirty 
leagues  every  day,  and  more  too,  if  there  be  oc- 
casion. And  though  we  had  gone  but  ten  leagues 
a  day,  yet  in  thirty  days  we  might  easily  have 
gone  three  luuidred  leagues.  If  during  the  time 
we  spent  from  the  river  of  the  Illinois  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Meschasipi.  in  the  Gulf  of  ^Mexico, 
we  had  used  a  little  more  haste,  we  might  have 
gone  the  same  twice  over." 

To  the  objection,  that  he  said,  he  nad  passed 
eleven  years  in  America,  when  he  had  been  there 
but  about  four,  he  evasively  replies,  that  "  reck- 
oning from  the  year  1674,  when  I  first  set  out,  to 
the  year  1688,  when  I  printed  the  second  edition 
of  my  '  Louisiana,'  it  appears  that  I  have  spent 
fifteen  years  either  in  travels  or  printmg  my 
Discoveries." 

To  those  who  objected  to  the  statement  in  his 
first  book,  in  the  dedication  to  Louis  the  Four- 
teenth, that  the  Sioux  always  call  the  sun  Louis, 
he  writes  :  "  I  repeat  what  I  have  said  before, 
that  being  among  the  Issati  and  Nadouessans,  by 
whom  I  was  made  a  slave  in  America,  I  never 
heard  them  call  the  sun  any  other  than  Louis. 
It  is  true  these  savages  call  also  the  moon  Louis. 
but  with  this  distinction,  that  they  give  the  moon 
the  name  of  Louis  Bastache,  which  in  their  lan- 
guage signifies,  the  sun  that  shines  in  the  night." 

The  Utrecht  edition  called  forth  much  censure, 
and  no  one  in  France  doubted  that  Hemieptn 
was  the  author.  D'Iberville,  Governor  of  Lou- 
isiana, while  in  Paris,  wrote  on  July  3d  1699,  to 


28 


EXPLOEEES  AND  PIONEEES  OF  JflNXESOTA. 


the  Minister  of  Marine  and  Colonies  of  France, 
in  these  words  :  "  '\'ery  much  vexed  at  tlie  Rec- 
ollect, whose  false  narratives  had  deceived  every 
one,  and  caused  our  suffering  and  total  failure  of 
our  enterprise,  by  the  time  consumed  in  the 
search  of  things  which  alone  existed  in  his  imag- 
ination.'" 

The  Eev.  Father  James  Gravier.  in  a  letter 
from  a  fort  on  the  (iulf  of  Mexico,  near  the  ilis- 
sissippi,  dated  February  luth,  1701.  expressed  the 
sentiment  of  his  times  when  he  speaks  of  Hen- 
nepin "  who  presented  to  King  William,  the  Rela- 
tion of  the  ^Mississippi,  where  he  never  was.  and 
after  a  thousand  falsehoods  and  ridiculous  boasts, 


*  *  *  he  makes  Mr.  de  la  Salle  appear  in  his 
Relation,  woiuided  ■with  two  balls  in  the  head, 
turn  toward  the  Recollect  Father  Anastase,  to 
ask  him  for  absolution,  having  been  killed  in- 
stantly, without  uttering  a  word  •  and  other  like 
false  stories." 

Hennepin  gradually  faded  out  of  sight.  Bru- 
net  mentions  a  letter  written  by  J.  B.  Dubos, 
from  Rome,  dated  March  1st.  1701.  which  men- 
tions that  Hennepin  was  living  on  tlie  Capitoline 
Hill,  in  the  celebrated  convent  of  Ara  Coeli,  and 
was  a  favorite  of  Cardinal  Spada.  The  time  and 
place  of  his  death  has  not  been  ascertained. 


NICHOLAS  PEBROT,  FOUNDER  OF  FIRST  POST  ON  LAKE  PEPIN. 


i!9 


CHAPTER  V. 


NICHOLAS  PEEROT,  FOUNDER   OF  FIRST   POST   ON  LAKE   PEPIN. 


Early  Life. — Searches  for  Copper.  —  Interpreter  at  Sault  St.  Marie,  Employed  by 
La  Salle. — BirilJs  Stockade  at  L.ike  Pepin. — Hosiile  Indians  Rebuked. — A 
Silver  Ostensorium  Given  to  a  Jesuit  Cbapel.— Perrot  in  the  Battle  against 
Senecas,  in  New  York. — Second  Visit  to  Sioux  Country. — Taking  Possession  by 
"Proces  Verbal." — Discovery  of  Lead  Mines. — Attends  Council  at  Montreal. — 
Establishes  a  Post  near  Detroit,  in  Michigan. — Perrot's  Death,  and  his  Wife. 


Nicholas  Perrot,  sometimes  written  Pere,  was 
one  of  the  most  energetic  of  the  class  iu  Canada 
known  as  "  coureurs  des  bois,"  or  forest  rangers. 
Born  in  1644,  at  an  early  age  he  was  identified 
with  the  fur  trade  of  the  great  inland  lakes.  As 
early  as  1665,  he  was  among  the  Outagamies 
[Foxes],  and  in  1667  was  at  Green  Bay.  In  1669, 
he  was  appointed  by  Talon  to  go  to  the  lake  re- 
gion in  search  of  copper  mines.  At  the  formal 
taking  possession  of  that  country  in  the  name  of 
the  King  of  France,  at  Sault  St.  Marie,  on  the 
14th  of  May,  lb71,  he  acted  as  interpreter.  In 
1677,  he  seems  to  have  been  employed  at  Fort 
Frontenac.  La  Salle  was  made  very  sick  the 
next  year,  from  eating  a  salad,  and  one  Nicholas 
Perrot,  called  Joly  Coeur  (Jolly  Soul)  was  sus- 
pected of  having  mingled  poison  with  the  food. 
After  this  he  was  associated  with  Dn  Luth  in 
the  execution  of  two  Indians,  as  we  have  seen. 
In  1684,  he  was  appointed  by  De  la  Barre,  the 
Governor  of  Canada,  as  Commandant  for  the 
West,  and  left  Montreal  with  twenty  men.  Ar- 
riving at  Green  Bay  in  Wisconsin,  some  Indians 
told  him  that  they  had  visited  countries  toward 
the  setting  sun,  where  they  obtained  the  blue 
and  green  stones  suspended  from  their  ears  and 
noses,  and  that  they  saw  horses  and  men  like 
Frenchmen,  probably  the  Spaniards  of  New  Mex- 
ico ;  and  others  said  that  they  had  obtained  hatch- 
ets from  persons  who  lived  in  a  house  that  walked 
on  the  water,  near  the  moutli  of  the  river  of  the 
Assiniboines,  alluding  to  the  English  established 
at  Hudson's  Bay.  Proceeding  to  the  portage  be- 
tween the  Fox  and  Wisconsin,  thirteen  Ilurons 
were  met,  who  were  bitterly  opposed  to  the  es- 
tablishment of  a  post  near  the  Sioux.     After  the 


Mississippi  was  reached,  a  party  of  Winnebagoes 
was  employed  to  notify  the  tribes  of  Northern 
Iowa  that  the  French  had  ascended  the  river, 
and  wished  to  meet  them.  It  was  further  agreed 
that  prairie  flres  would  be  kindled  from  time  to 
time,  so  that  the  Indians  could  follow  the  French. 

After  entering  Lake  Pepin,  near  its  mouth,  on 
the  east  side,  Perrot  found  a  place  suitable  for  a 
post,  where  there  was  wood.  The  stockade  was 
built  at  the  foot  of  a  bluff  beyond  which  was  a 
large  prairie.  La  Potherie  makes  this  statement, 
which  is  repeated  by  Penicaut,  who  writes  of 
Lake  Pepin  :  "  To  the  right  and  left  of  its  shores 
there  are  also  prairies.  In  that  on  the  right  on 
the  bank  of  the  lake,  there  is  a  fort,  which  was 
built  by  Nicholas  Perrot,  whose  name  it  yet  [1700] 
bears." 

Soon  after  he  was  established,  it  was  announced 
that  a  band  of  Aiouez  [loways]  was  encamped 
above,  and  on  the  way  to  visit  the  post.  The 
French  ascended  in  canoes  to  meet  them,  but  as 
they  drew  nigh,  the  Indian  women  ran  up  the 
blufEs,  and  hid  in  the  woods ;  but  twenty  of  the 
braves  mustered  courage  to  advance  and  greet 
Perrot,  and  bme  him  to  the  chief's  lodge.  The 
chief,  bending  over  Perrot,  began  to  weep,  and 
allowed  the  moisture  to  fall  upon  his  visitor. 
After  he  had  exhausted  himself,  the  principal 
men  of  the  party  repeated  the  slabbering  process. 
Then  buffalo  tongues  were  boiled  in  an  earthen 
pot,  and  after  being  ciit  into  small  pieces,  the 
chief  took  a  piece,  and,  as  a  mark  of  respect, 
placed  it  in  Perrot's  mouth. 

During  the  winter  of  1684-85,  the  I^rench  tra- 
ded in  Minnesota. 

At  the  end  of  the  beaver  hunt,  the  Ayoes 
[loways]  came  to  the  post,  but  Perrot  was  absent 
visiting  the  Nadouaissioux.  and  they  sent  a  chief 
to  notify  him  of  their  arrival.  Four  Illinois  met 
him  on  the  way,  and  were  anxious  for  the  return 
of  four  children  held  by  the  French.    When  the 


30 


EXPLOREBS  AND  PIOKEEBS  OF  3nXXES0TA. 


Sioux,  who  were  at  war  with  the  Illinois,  per- 
ceived them,  they  wished  to  seize  their  canoes, 
but  the  French  voyageurs  who  were  guarding 
them,  pushed  into  tlie  middle  of  the  river,  and 
the  French  at  the  post  coming  to  theii"  assistance, 
a  reconciliation  was  effected,  and  four  of  the 
Sioux  took  the  Illinois  upon  their  shoulders,  and 
hore  them  to  the  shore. 

An  order  having  been  received  from  Denon- 
^■ille,  Governor  of  Canada,  to  bring  the  Miamis. 
and  other  tribes,  to  the  rendezvous  at  Xiagara. 
to  go  on  an  expedition  against  the  Senecas,  Per- 
rot  entrustmg  the  post  at  Lake  Pepin  to  a  few 
Frenchmen,  visited  the  Miamis,  who  were  dwel- 
ling below  on  the  Mississippi,  and  with  no  guide 
but  Indian  camp  fires,  went  sixty  miles  into  the 
country  beyond  the  river. 

Upon  his  return,  he  perceivea  a  great  smoke, 
and  at  first  thought  that  it  was  a  war  party  pro- 
ceeding to  the  Sioux  country.  Fortimately  he 
met  a  Maskouten  chief,  who  had  been  at  the  post 
to  see  him.  aud  he  gave  the  intelUgence.  that  the 
Outagamies  [Foxes].  Kikapous  [Kickapoos],  and 
Mascoutechs  [Maskoutens].  and  others,  from  the 
region  of  Green  Bay.  had  determined  to  pillage 
the  post,  kill  the  French,  and  then  go  to  war 
against  the  Sioux.  Hurrying  on.  he  reached  the 
fort,  and  learned  that  on  that  very  day  three 
spies  had  been  there  and  seen  that  there  were 
only  six  Frenchmen  in  charge. 

The  next  day  two  more  spies  appeared,  but 
Perrot  had  taken  the  precaution  to  put  loaded 
guns  at  the  door  of  each  hut.  and  caused  his  men 
frequently  to  change  theii-  clothes.  To  the  query. 
•■  How  many  French  were  thereV  the  reply  was 
given,  ••  Forty,  and  that  more  were  daily  expected, 
who  had  been  on  a  buffalo  hunt,  and  that  the 
guns  were  well  loaded  and  knives  well  shai-pened. ' " 
They  were  then  told  to  go  back  to  their  camp 
aud  bring  a  chief  of  each  nation  represented,  and 
that  if  Indians,  in  large  numbers,  came  near,  they 
would  be  fired  at.  In  accordance  with  this  mes- 
sage six  chiefs  presented  themselves,  After  their 
bows  and  arrows  were  taken  away  they  were  in- 
vited to  Perrot's  cabin,  who  gave  something  to 
eat  and  tobacco  to  smoke.  Looking  at  Perrot  "s 
loaded  guns  they  asked.  '-If  he  was  afraid  of  his 
children?"  He  rephed,  he  was  not.  They  con- 
tuiued,  "  You  are  displeased."  He  answered, 
■  •  I  have  good  reason  to  be.    The  Spirit  has  warned 


me  of  your  designs;  you  will  take  my  things 
away  and  put  me  in  the  kettle,  and  proceed 
against  the  Xadouaissioux.  The  Spirit  told  me 
to  be  on  my  guard,  and  he  would  help  me."  At 
this  they  v.-ere  astonished,  and  confessed  that  an 
attack  was  meditated.  That  night  the  chiefs 
slept  in  the  stockade,  and  early  the  next  morn- 
ing a  part  of  the  hostile  force  was  encamped  in 
the  vicLnity.  and  wished  to  trade.  Perrot  had 
now  only  a  ft)rce  of  fifteen  men.  and  seizing  the 
chiefs,  he  told  them  he  would  break  their  heads 
if  they  did  not  disperse  the  Indians.  One  of  the 
chiefs  then  stood  up  on  the  gate  of  the  fort  and 
said  to  the  warriors.  ••  Do  not  advance,  young 
men.  or  you  are  dead.  The  Spirit  has  warned 
Metaminens  [Perrotj  of  your  designs. "  They  fol- 
lowed the  advice,  and  afterwards  Perrot  present- 
ed them  with  two  gims.  two  kettles,  aud  some 
tobacco,  to  close  the  door  of  war  against  the  Xa- 
douaissioux. and  the  chiefs  were  all  permitted  to 
make  a  brief  visit  to  the  post. 

Ketuniuig  to  Green  Bay  in  1686,  he  passed  much 
time  in  collecting  allies  for  the  expedition  against 
the  Iroquois  in  Xew  York.  During  this  year  he 
gave  to  the  Jesuit  chapel  at  Depere.  five  miles 
above  Green  Bay.  a  church  utensil  of  silver,  fif- 
teen mehes  high,  still  in  existence.  The  stand- 
ard, nme  inches  in  height,  supports  a  radiated 
circlet  closed  with  glass  on  both  sides  and  sur- 
mounted with  a  cross.  This  vessel,  weighing 
about  twenty  oimces,  was  intended  to  show  the 
consecrated  wafer  of  the  mass,  and  is  called  a 
soleil.  monstrance,  or  ostensorium. 

Around  the  oval  base  of  the  rim  is  the  follow- 
ing inscription: 


J'^ 


\ 


X 


«>„ 


"*''?  V7  jra  HaiA^'^ 


rvo''* 


In  1802  some  workmen  in   digging  at  Green 
Bay,  Wiscousm,  on  the  old  Langlade  estate  dis- 


A  cur  OF  BE  ANDY  AND  WATEK  DETECTS  A  THIEF. 


31 


covered  this  relic,  which  is  now  kept  iii  the  vault 
of  the  Eoman  Catliolic  bishop  of  that  diocese. 

During  the  spring  of  1687  Perrot,  with  De  Lu- 
th  and  Tonty,  was  with  the  Indian  alUes  and  the 
Frencli  in  the  expedition  against  the  Senecas  of 
the  Genessee  Valley  in  New  York. 

The  next  year  Denonville,  Governor  of  Canada, 
again  sent  Perrot  with  forty  Frenchmen  to  the 
Sioux  who,  says  Potherie,  "  were  very  distant, 
and  who  would  not  trade  with  us  as  easily  as^ 
the  other  tribes,  tJie  Outagamis  [Foxes]  having 
boasted  of  having  cut  off  the  passage  thereto." 

"When  Perrot  arrived  at  Mackinaw,  tlie  tribes 
of  that  region  were  much  excited  at  tlie  hostility 
of  the  Outagamis  [Foxes]  toward  the  Sauteurs 
[Chippeways].  As  soon  as  Perrot  and  his  party 
reached  Green  Bay  a  depiitation  of  the  Foxes 
sought  an  interview.  He  told  tliem  that  he  had 
nothing  to  do  with  tliis  quarrel  with  tlie  Chippe- 
ways. In  justification,  they  said  that  a  party  of 
their  young  men,  in  going  to  war  against  the 
STadouaissioux,  had  foiuid  a  young  man  and  three 
Chippeway  girls. 

Perrot  was  silent,  and  continued  liis  journey 
towards  the  Xadouaissioux.  Soon  he  was  met  by 
five  chiefs  of  tlie  Foxes  in  a  canoe,  who  begged 
liim  to  go  to  their  village.  Perrot  consented,  and 
when  he  went  into  a  chief  s  lodge  tliey  placed  be- 
fore him  broiled  venison,  and  raw  meat  for  the 
rest  of  the  French.  He  refused  to  eat  because, 
said  he,  "that  meat  did  not  give  him  any  spirit, 
but  he  would  take  some  when  the  Outagamis 
[Foxes]  were  moi-e  reasonable."  He  then  chided 
tliem  for  not  having  gone,  as  requested  by  the 
Governor  of  Canada,  to  the  Detroit  of  Lake 
Erie,  and  during  the  absence  of  the  French  fight- 
ing with  the  Chippeways.  Having  ordered  them 
to  go  on  their  beaver  hunt  and  only  fight  against 
the  Iroquois,  he  left  a  few  Frenchmen  to  trade 
and  proceeded  on  his  journey  to  the  Sioux  coun- 
try. Arriving  at  the  portage  between  the  Fox  and 
Wisconsin  Rivers  they  were  impeded  by  ice,  but 
.  witli  the  aid  of  some  Pottawattomies  they  trans- 
ported their  goods  to  the  AVisconsin.  wliich  they 
found  no  longer  frozen.  The  Chippeways  were 
informed  tliat  their  daugliters  liad  been  taken 
from  the  Foxes,  and  a  deputation  came  to  take 
them  back,  but  being  attacked  by  the  Foxes,  who 
did  not  know  their  errand,  tliey  fled  without  se- 
curing the  three  girls.    Perrot  then  ascended  the 


Mississippi  to  the  post  which  in  1684  lie  had 
erected,  just  above  the  mouth,  and  on  the  east 
side  of  Lake  Pepin. 

As  soon  as  the  rivers  were  navigable,  the  Na- 
douaissioux  came  down  and  escorted  Perrot  to 
one  of  their  villages,  where  he  was  welcomed 
with  much  enthusiasm.  He  was  carried  upon  a 
beaver  robe,  followed  by  a  long  line  of  warriors, 
each  bearing  a  pipe,  and  singing.  After  taking 
him  around  the  village,  he  was  borne  to  the  chief's 
lodge,  when  several  came  in  to  weep  over  his  head, 
with  the  same  tenderness  that  the  Ayoes  (loways) 
did,  when  Perrot  several  years  before  arrived  at 
Lake  Pepin.  "  These  weepings,"  says  an  old 
chronicler  "  do  not  weaken  their  souls.  They  are 
very  good  warriors,  and  reported  the  bravest  in 
that  region.  They  are  at  war  with  all  the  tribes 
at  present  except  tlie  Saulteurs  [Chippeways]  and 
Ayoes  [loways],  and  even  with  these  tliey  have 
quarrels.  At  the  break  of  day  the  Nadouaissioux 
bathe,  even  to  the  youngest.  They  have  very  fine 
forms,  but  the  women  are  not  comely,  and  they 
look  upon  tlieni  as  slaves.  They  are  jealous  and 
suspicious  about  them,  and  they  are  the  cause 
of  quarrels  and  blood-shedding. 

"  The  Siou.x  are  very  dextrous  with  their  ca- 
noes, and  they  fight  unto  death  if  surrounded. 
Their  country  is  full  of  swamps,  which  shelter 
them  in  summer  from  being  molested.  One  must 
be  a  Nadouaissioux,  to  find  the  way  to  their  vil- 
lages." 

While  Perrot  was  absent  in  New  York,  fight- 
ing the  Senecas,  a  Sioux  chief  knowing  that  few 
Frenchmen  were  left  at  Lake  Pepin,  came  with 
one  hundred  warriors,  and  endeavored  to  pillage 
it.  Of  this  complaint  was  made,  and  the  guilty 
leader  was  near  being  put  to  death  by  his  associ- 
ates. Amicable  relations  having  been  formed, 
preparations  were  made  by  Perrot  to  return  to 
his  post.  As  they  were  going  away,  one  of  the 
Frenchmen  complained  that  a  box  of  his  goods 
had  been  stolen.  Perrot  ordered  a  vovageur  to 
bring  a  cup  of  water,  and  into  it  he  poured  some 
brandy.  He  then  addressed  the  Indians  ajid  told 
them  he  would  dry  up  their  marshes  if  the  goods 
were  not  restored ;  and  then  he  set  on  fire  the 
brandy  in  the  cup,  The  savages  were  astonished 
and  terrified,  and  supposed  that  he  possessed  su- 
pernatural powers ;  and  in  a  little  while  the  goods 


32 


EXPLOBEBS  AXD  PIOXEEBS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


were  found  and  restored  to  the  owner,  and  the 
French  descended  to  their  stockade. 

The  Foxes,  while  Perrot  was  in  the  Sioux 
country,  clianged  their  village,  and  settled  on  the 
Mississippi.  Coming  up  to  visit  Perrot.  they 
asked  him  to  establish  friendly  relations  between 
them  and  the  Sioux.  At  the  time  some  SioiLX 
were  at  the  post  trading  furs,  and  at  first  they 
supposed  the  French  were  plotting  willi  the 
Foxes.  Perrot.  however,  eased  them  by  present- 
ing the  cahmiet  and  saying  that  the  French  con- 
sidered the  Outagamis  [Foxes]  as  brothers,  and 
then  adding:  "Smoke  in  my  pipe;  this  is  the 
maimer  with  which  Onontio  [Governor  of  Can- 
ada] feeds  his  children."  Tlie  Sioux  replied  that 
they  wished  the  Foxes  to  smoke  iii-st.  This  was 
reluctantly  done,  and  the  Sioux  smoked,  but 
■would  not  conclude  a  definite  peace  until  they 
consulted  their  chiefs.  This  was  not  concluded, 
because  Perrot.  before  the  chiefs  came  do\\Ti, 
received  orders  to  return  to  Canada. 

About  this  time,  in  tlie  presence  of  Father  Jo- 
seph James  ilarest.  a  Jesuit  missionary.  Boisguil- 
lot.  a  trader  on  the  "Wisconsin  and  Mississippi.  Le 
Sueur,  who  afterward  built  a  post  below  the  Saint 
Croix  River,  about  nine  miles  from  Hastings,  the 
following  document  was  prepared: 

'■  Xicholas  Perrot.  commandmg  for  tlie  King  at 
the  post  of  the  Xadouessioux.  commissioned  by 
the  Marquis  Denonville.  Governor  and  Lieuten- 
ant Governor  of  all  Xew  France,  to  manage  the 
interests  of  commerce  among  all  the  Indian  tribes 
and  people  of  the  Bay  des  Puants  [Green  Bay]. 
Nadouessioux,  Mascoutens,  and  other  western  na- 
tions of  the  Upper  ^Mississipjii.  and  to  take  pos- 
session in  the  King's  name  of  all  tlie  places  where 
he  has  heretofore  been  and  whither  he  will  go: 

"  AVe  this  day.  the  eighth  of  ;May.  one  thousand 
six  hundred  and  eighty-nine.  do.  in  the  presence 
of  the  Reverend  Father  IMarest.  of  the  Society  of 
Jesus,  Missionary  among  the  Xadouessioux,  of 
Monsieur  de  Boisguillot.  commanding  the  French 
in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Ouiskonche.  on  the 
Mississippi,  Augustin  Legardeur,  Esquire.  Sieur 
de  Caumont,  and  of  Messieurs  Le  Sueiu:,  Hebert, 
Lemire  and  Blein. 

••  Declare  to  all  whom  it  may  concern,  that,  be- 
ing come  from  the  Bay  des  Puants,  and  to  the 
Lake  of  the  Ouiskonches,  we  did  transport  our- 
selves to  the  country  of  the  Xadouessioux,  on  the 


boi'der  of  the  river  St.  Croix,  and  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river  St.  Pierre,  on  the  bank  of  which  were 
the  Mantantans.  and  further  up  to  the  interior, 
as  far  as  the  Menehokatonx  [Med-ay-wah-ka^\ii- 
twawn],  with  whom  dwell  the  majority  of  the 
Songeskitons  [Se-see-twawnsJ  and  other  Xadou- 
essiou.x  who  are  to  the  northwest  of  the  ilissis- 
sippi.  to  take  possession,  for  and  in  the  name  of 
the  King,  of  the  countries  and  rivers  inhabited  by 
the  said  tribes,  and  of  which  they  are  proprietoi's. 
The  present  act  done  in  our  presence,  signed  with 
our  hand,  and  subscribed." 

The  three  Chippeway  girls  of  whom  mention 
has  been  made  were  still  with  the  Foxes,  and 
Perrot  took  them  with  him  to  Mackinaw,  upon 
his  return  to  Canada. 

While  there,  the  Ottawas  held  some  prisoners 
upon  an  island  not  far  from  the  mainland.  The 
Jesuit  Fathei-s  went  over  and  tried  to  save  the 
captives  from  har-sh  treatment,  but  were  unsuc- 
cessful. The  canoes  appeare<l  at  length  near  each 
other,  one  man  paddling  in  each,  while  the  war- 
riors were  answering  the  shouts  of  the  prisoners, 
who  each  held  a  white  stick  in  his  hand.  As 
they  neared  the  sliore  the  chief  of  the  party  made 
a  speech  to  the  Indians  who  lived  on  the  shore, 
and  giving  a  history  of  the  campaign,  told  them 
that  they  were  mastere  of  the  prisoners.  The 
warriors  then  came  on  land.  and.  according  to 
custom,  abandoned  the  spoils.  An  old  man  then 
ordered  nine  men  to  conduct  the  prisoners  to  a 
separate  place.  The  women  and  tlie  young  men 
formed  a  line  with  big  sticks.  The  young  pris- 
oners soon  found  their  feet,  but  the  old  men  were 
so  badly  used  they  spat  blood,  and  they  were  con- 
demned to  be  burned  at  the  Mamilioii. 

Tlie  Jesuit  Fathers  and  the  French  officers 
were  much  emliarrassed,  and  feared  that  the  Iro- 
quois would  complain  of  the  little  care  which  had 
been  used  to  prevent  cruelty. 

Perrot,  in  this  emergency,  walked  to  the  place 
where  the  prisoners  were  singing  the  deatli  dirge, 
in  expectation  of  being  burned,  and  told  them  to 
sit  down  and  be  silent.  A  few  Ottauwaws  rudely 
told  them  to  sing  on.  but  Perrot  forbade.  He 
then  went  back  to  the  Council,  where  the  old  men 
had  rendered  judgment,  and  ordered  one  prisoner 
to  be  burned  at  Mackinaw,  one  at  Sault  St.  Marie 
and  another  at  Green  Bay.  Undaunted  lie  spoke 
as  follows :    "I  come  to  cut  the  strings  of  the 


PEREOT  VISITS  THE  LEAD  MINES. 


33 


dogs.  I  will  not  suffer  them  to  be  eaten .  I  have 
pity  on  them,  since  my  Father,  Onontio,  has  com- 
manded me.  You  Outaouaks  [OttawawsJ  are 
like  tame  bears,  who  will  not  recognize  them  who 
has  brought  them  up.  You  have  forgotten  Onon- 
tio's  protection.  "When  he  asks  your  obedience, 
you  want  to  rule  over  him,  and  eat  the  flesh  of 
those  children  he  does  not  wish  to  give  to  you. 
Take  care,  that,  if  oyu  swallow  them,  Onontio 
will  tear  them  with  violence  from  between  your 
teeth.  I  speak  as  a  brother,  and  I  think  I  am 
showing  pity  to  your  children,  by  cuttmg  the 
bonds  of  your  prisoners." 

His  boldness  had  the  desired  effect.  The  pris- 
oners were  released,  and  two  of  them  were  sent 
with  him  to  Montreal,  to  be  returned  to  the  Iro- 
quois. 

On  the  22nd  of  May,  1690,  with  one  hmidred 
and  forty-three  voyageurs  and  six  Indians,  Per- 
rot  left  Montreal  as  an  escort  of  Sieur  de  Lou- 
vigny  La  Porte,  a  half-pay  captain,  appointed  to 
succeed  Durantaye  at  Mackinaw,  by  Frontenac, 
the  new  Governor  of  Canada,  who  in  October  of 
the  previous  year  had  arrived,  to  take  the  place 
of  Denonville. 

Perrot,  as  he  approached  Mackinaw,  went  in 
advance  to  notify  the  French  of  the  coming  of 
the  commander  of  the  post.  As  he  came  in  sight 
of  the  settlement,  he  hoisted  the  white  flag  with 
the  fleur  de  lis  and  the  voyageurs  shouted,  '•  Long 
live  the  king!  "  Louvigny  soon  appeared  and  was 
received  by  one  himdied  '•  coureur  des  bois "' 
imder  arms. 

From  Mackinaw,  Perrot  proceeded  to  Green 
Bay,  and  a  party  of  Miamis  there  begged  him  to 
make  a  trading  establishment  on  the  Mississippi 
towards  the  Ouiskonsing{Wisconsin.)  Thechief 
made  him  a  present  of  a  piece  of  lead  from  a 
mine  which  he  had  found  in  a  small  stream  which 
flows  into  the  Mississippi.  Perrot  promised  to 
visit  him  within  twenty  days,  and  the  chief  then 
returned  to  his  village  below  the  d'Ouiskonche 
(iWsconsin)  Kiver. 

Having  at  length  reached  his  post  on  Lake 
Pepin,  he  was  informed  that  the  Sioux  were 
forming  a  large  war  party  against  the  Outaga- 
mis  (Foxes)  and  other  allies  of  the  French.  He 
gave  notice  of  his  arrival  to  a  party  of  about  four 
hundred  Sioux  who  were    on  the  Mississippi. 


They  arrested  the  massengers  and  came  to  the 
post  for  the  purpose  of  plunder.  Perrot  asked 
them  why  they  acted  in  this  manner,  and  said 
that  the  Foxes,  Miamis,  Kickapoos,  Illinois,  and 
Maskoutens  had  united  in  a  war  party  against 
them,  but  that  he  had  persuaded  them  to  give  it 
up,  and  now  he  wished  tliem  to  return  to  their 
families  and  to  their  beaver.  The  Sioux  declared 
that  they  had  started  on  the  war-path,  and  that 
they  were  ready  to  die.  After  they  had  traded 
their  furs,  they  sent  for  Perrot  to  come  to  their 
camp,  and  begged  that  he  would  not  hinder  them 
from  searching  for  their  foes.  Perrot  tried  to  dis- 
suade them,  but  they  insisted  tliat  the  Spirit  had 
given  them  men  to  eat.  at  three  days'  journey 
from  the  post  Then  more  powerful  influences 
were  used.  After  giving  them  two  kettles  and 
some  merchandise,  Poerrt  spoke  thus:  "I  love 
your  life,  and  I  am  sure  you  will  be  defeated. 
Your  Evil  Spirit  has  deceived  you.  If  you  kill 
the  Outagamis,  or  their  allies,  you  must  strike  me 
first;  if  you  kill  them,  you  kill  me  just  the  same, 
for  I  hold  them  under  one  wing  and  you  under 
the  other."  After  this  he  extended  the  calumet, 
which  they  at  first  refused;  but  at  length  a  chief 
said  he  was  right,  and,  makuig  invocations  to  the 
sun,  wished  Perrot  to  take  him  back  to  his  arms. 
This  was  granted,  on  condition  that  he  would 
give  up  his  weapons  of  war.  The  chief  then  tied 
them  to  a  pole  in  the  centre  of  the  fort,  turning 
them  toward  the  sun.  He  then  persuaded  the 
other  chiefs  to  give  up  the  expedition,  and,  send- 
ing for  Perrot,  he  placed  the  calumet  before  him, 
one  end  in  the  earth  aud  the  other  on  a  small 
forked  twig  to  hold  it  firm.  Then  he  took  from 
his  own  sack  a  pair  of  his  cleanest  moccasins,  and 
taking  off  Perrot "s  shoes,  put  on  these.  After  he 
had  made  him  eat,  presenting  the  calumet,  he 
said:  "  We  listen  to  you  now.  Do  for  us  as  you 
do  for  our  enemies,  and  prevent  them  from  kill- 
ing us,  and  we  will  separate  for  the  beaver  limit. 
The  sun  is  the  witness  of  our  obedience."" 

After  this,  Perrot  descended  the  Mississippi 
and  revealed  to  the  Maskoutens,  who  had  come  to 
meet  him,  how  he  had  pacified  the  Sionx.  He, 
about  this  period,  in  accordance  with  his  prom- 
ise, visited  the  lead  mines.  He  found  the  ore 
abundant  "  but  the  lead  hard  to  work  because  it 
lay  between  rocks  which  required  blowing  up. 
It  had  very  little  dross  and  was  easily  melted." 


34 


EXPLOBEBS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


Penicaiit,  who  ascended  the  ^lississippi  in  1700, 
^n'ote  that  twenty  leagues  below  the  Wisconsin, 
on  both  sides  of  the  ilississippi,  were  mines  of 
lead  called ''Nicolas  Perrot's."  Early  French 
maps  indicate  as  the  locahty  of  lead  mines  the 
site  of  modern  towns,  Galena,  in  Illinois,  and  Du- 
buque, in  Iowa. 

In  August,  1693,  about  two  hinidred  French- 
men from  Mackinaw,  with  delegates  from  the 
tribes  of  the  West,  arrived  at  Montreal  to  at- 
tend a  grand  council  called  by  Governor  Fronte- 
nac,  and  among  these  was  Perrot. 

On  the  first  Simday  in  September  the  governor 


gave  the  Indians  a  great  feast,  after  which  they 
and  the  traders  began  to  return  to  the  wilder- 
ness. Perrot  was  ordered  by  Frontenac  to  es- 
tablish a  new  post  for  the  Miamis  m  Michigan, 
in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Kalamazoo  River. 

Two  years  later  he  is  present  again,  in  August, 
at  a  council  in  Montreal,  then  returned  to  the 
West,  and  in  1699  is  recalled  from  Green  Bay. 
In  1701  he  was  at  Montreal  acting  as  interpreter, 
and  appears  to  have  died  before  1718:  Ms  wife 
was  Madeline  Eaclos,  and  his  residence  was  in 
the  Seigneury  of  Becancourt,  not  far  from  Three 
Rivers,  on  the  St.  Lawrence. 


BARON  LA  HONTAN'S  FABULOUS  VoyAGH. 


So 


CHAPTER  VI. 


BARON  LA  HONTAN  S  FABITLOrs  VOYAGE. 


La  Hoiitan.  a  Gascon  by  Birth.  — Early  Life. — Description  of  Kox  and  Wisconsin 
Rivera  — Indian  Feast. — Alleged  Ascent  of  Long  River. — Bobe  Exposes  the 
Deception.— Route  to  the  Pacific. 

The  "  Travels  "  of  Baron  La  Hon  tan  appeared 
in  A.  D.  1703,  both  at  London  and  at  Hague,  and 
were  as  saleable  and  readable  as  those  of  Hennepin, 
which  were  on  the  counters  of  booksellers  at  the 
same  time. 

La  Hontan,  a  Gascon  by  birth,  and  in  style  of 
writing,  when  about  seventeen  years  of  age,  ar- 
rived in  Canada,  in  1683,  as  a  private  soldier,  and 
was  with  Gov.  De  la  Barre  in  his  expedition  of 
1684,  toward  Niagara,  and  was  also  in  the  battle 
near  Rochester,  New  York,  in  1687,  at  which  Du 
Luth  and  Perrot,  explorers  of  Minnesota,  were 
present. 

In  1688  he  appears  to  have  been  sent  to  Fort 
St.  Joseph,  which  was  built  by  Du  Luth,  on  the 
St.  Clare  River,  near  the  site  of  Fort  Gratiot, 
Michigan.  It  is  possible  that  he  may  have  accom- 
panied Perrot  to  Lake  Pepin,  who  came  about 
this  time  to  reoccupy  his  old  post. 

From  the  following  extracts  it  will  be  seen  that 
his  style  is  graphic,  and  that  he  probably  had  been 
in  1688  in  the  valley  of  the  Wisconsin.  At  Mack- 
inaw, after  his  return  from  his  pretended  voyage 
of  the  Long  River,  he  writes: 

"  I  left  here  on  the  2-tth  September,  with  my 
men  and  five  Outaouas,  good  hunters,  whom  I 
have  before  mentioned  to  you  as  having  been  of 
good  service  to  me.  All  my  brave  men  being 
provided  with  good  canoes,  filled  with  provisions 
and  ammunition,  together  with  goods  for  the  In- 
dian trade,  I  took  advantage  of  a  north  wind,  and 
in  three  days  entered  the  Bay  of  the  Pouteouata- 
mis,  distant  from  here  about  forty  leagues.  The 
entrance  to  the  bay  is  full  of  islands.  It  is  ten 
leagues  wide  and  twenty-flve  in  length. 

"  On  the  29th  we  entered  a  river,  which  is  quite 
deep,  whose  waters  are  so  affected  by  the  lake 
that  they  often  rise  and  fall  three  feet  in  twelve 


hours.  Tills  is  an  observation  that  I  made  dur- 
ing these  three  or  four  days  that  I  passed  here. 
The  Sakis,  the  Poutouatamis,  and  a  few  of  the 
Malominis  have  their  villages  on  the  border  of  this 
river,  and  the  Jesuits  have  a  house  there.  In  the 
place  there  is  carried  on  quite  a  commerce  in  furs 
and  Indian  corn,  which  the  Indians  traffic  with 
the  '  eoureurs  des  bois'  that  go  and  come,  for  it  is 
their  nearest  and  most  convenient  passage  to  the 
Jlississippi. 

"  The  lands  here  are  very  fertile,  and  produce, 
almost  without  culture,  the  wheat  of  our  Europe, 
peas,  beans,  and  any  quantity  of  fruit  unknown 
in  France. 

••  The  moment  I  landed,  the  waniors  of  three 
nations  came  by  turns  to  my  cabin  to  entertain 
me  with  the  pipe  and  cliief  dance ;  the  first  in 
proof  of  peace  and  friendship,  the  second  to  indi- 
cate their  esteem  and  consideration  for  me.  In 
return,  I  gave  them  several  yards  of  tobacco,  and 
beads,  with  which  they  trimmed  their  capots.  The 
next  morning,  I  was  asked  as  a  guest,  to  one  of 
the  feasts  of  this  nation,  and  after  having  sent  my 
dishes,  which  is  the  custom,  I  went  towards  noon. 
They  began  to  compliment  me  of  my  arrival,  and 
after  hearing  them,  they  all,  one  after  the  other, 
began  to  sing  and  dance,  in  a  manner  that  I  will 
detail  to  you  when  I  liave  more  leisiu-e.  These 
songs  and  dances  lasted  two  hours,  and  were  sea- 
soned with  whoops  of  joy,  and  quibbles  that  they 
have  woven  into  their  ridiculous  nuisifiue.  Then 
the  captives  waited  upon  us.  The  whole  troop 
were  seated  in  the  Oriental  custom.  Each  one 
had  his  portion  before  him,  like  our  monks  in 
their  refectories.  They  commenced  by  placing 
four  dishes  before  me.  The  first  consisted  of  two 
white  fish  simply  boiled  in  water.  The  second 
was  chopped  meats  with  the  boiled  tongue  of  a 
bear ;  the  third  a  beaver's  tail,  all  roasted.  They 
made  me  drink  also  of  a  syrup,  mixed  with  water, 
made  out  of  the  maple  tree.    The  feast  lasted  two 


EXPLOBEES  AXD  PIOXEEBS  OF  MiyXESOTA. 


hours,  after  whieli,  I  requested  a  chief  of  the 
nation  to  sing  for  me;  for  it  is  the  custom.  T\hen 
we  have  business  ^rtth  them,  to  employ  an  inferior 
for  self  in  all  the  ceremonies  they  perform.  I 
gave  him  several  pieces  of  tobacco,  to  oblige  him 
to  keep  the  party  till  dark.  The  next  day  and  the 
day  folio  whig,  I  attended  the  feasts  of  the  other 
nations,  where  I  oliserved  the  same  formalities." 
lie  alleges  that,  on  the  23d  of  October,  he 
reached  the  ilississippi  Kiver,  and,  ascending,  on 
the  3d  of  November  he  entered  mto  a  river,  a 
tributary  from  the  west,  that  was  almost  without 
a  current,  and  at  its  mouth  filled  with  rushes. 
He  then  describes  a  journey  of  five  hundred  mUes 
up  this  stream.  He  declares  he  found  ujion  its 
banks  three  great  nations,  the  Eokoros,  Essa- 
napes,  and  Gnacsitares,  and  because  he  ascended 
it  for  sixty  days,  he  named  it  Long  River. 

For  years  his  wondrous  story  was  believed,  and 
geographers  hastened  to  trace  it  upon  then-  maps. 
But  ui  time  the  voyage  up  the  Long  Elver  was 
discovered  to  be  a  fabrication.  There  is  extant 
a  letter  of  Bobe.  a  Priest  of  the  Congregation  of 
the  Mission,  dated  Versailles,  March  15, 1716,  and 
addressed  to  De  LTsle,  the  geographer  of  the 
Academy  of  Sciences  at  Paris,  which  exposes  the 
deception. 

He  writes:  "  It  seems  to  me  that  you  might 
give  the  name  of  Bourbonia  to  these  vast  coim- 
tries  which  are  betneen  the  Missouri.  Mississippi, 
and  the  "Western  Ocean.  "Would  it  not  be  well  to 
efface  that  great  river  which  La  Hontan  says  he 
discovered? 

"  All  the  Canadians,  and  even  the  Governor 
General,  have  told  me  that  this  river  is  imknown. 
If  it  existed,  the  French,  who  are  on  the  Ilhnois, 
and  at  Ouabache,  would  know  of  it.  The  last 
volimie  of  the  '  Lettres  Edifiantes'  of  the  Jesuits, 
in  which  there  is  a  verj'  fine  relation  of  the  Illinois 
CounUy,  does  not  speak  of  it,  any  mure  than  the 
letters  which  I  received  this  year,  which  tell  won- 
ders of  the  beauty  and  goodness  of  th.e  country. 
They  send  me  some  quite  pretty  work,  made  by 
the  wife  of  one  of  the  priacipal  cliiefs. 

"  They  tell  me,  that  among  the  Scioux,  of  the 
Mississippi,  there  are  always  Frenchmen  trading: 
that  the  course  of  the  Mississippi  is  from  nortli 
to  west,  and  from  west  to  south;  that  it  is  known 
that  toward  the  source  of  the  Mississippi  there  is 
a  river  hi  the  highlands  that  leads  to  the  western 


ocean;  that  the  Indians  say  that  they  have  seen 
bearded  men  with  caps,  who  gather  gold-dust  on 
the  seashore,  but  that  it  is  very  far  from  tliis 
country,  and  that  they  pass  tlirough  many  nations 
luiknown  to  the  French. 

■•  I  have  a  memoir  of  La  Motte  Cadillac,  form- 
erly Governor  of  Missilimackinack,  who  says  that 
if  St.  Peters  [MinnesotaJ  River  is  ascended  to  its 
source  they  wUl,  accordhig  to  aU  appearance,  find 
in  the  highland  another  river  leading  to  the  "West- 
em  Ocean. 

"For  the  last  two  years  I  have  tormented 
exceedingly  the  Governor-General,  M.  Baudot, 
and  M.  Duche,  to  move  them  to  discover  tlus 
ocean.  If  I  succeed,  as  I  hope,  we  shall  hear 
tiduigs  before  three  years,  and  I  shaU  have  the 
pleasure  and  the  consolation  of  having  rendered 
a  good  service  to  Geography,  to  Religion  and  to 
the  State." 

Charlevoix,  in  his  History  of  New  France,  al- 
luding to  La  Hontan 's  voyage,  writes:  "The 
voyage  up  the  Long  River  is  as  fabulous  as  the 
Island  of  Barrataria,  of  which  Saneho  Panza  was 
governor.  Nevertheless,  in  France  and  else- 
where, most  people  have  received  these  memoirs 
as  the  fruits  of  the  travels  of  a  gentleman  who 
wrote  badly,  although  quite  lightly,  and  who  had 
no  religion,  but  who  described  pretty  sincerely 
what  he  had  seen.  The  consequence  is  that  the 
compilers  of  historical  and  geographical  diction- 
aries have  almost  always  followed  and  cited  them 
in  preference  to  more  faithful  records." 

Even  in  modern  times.  Nicollet,  employed  by 
the  United  States  to  explore  the  Upper  ilississ- 
ippi.  has  the  following  in  his  report: 

"Having  procured  a  copy  of  La  Hontan's 
book,  in  which  there  is  a  roughly  made  map  of 
his  Long  River,  I  was  struck  with  the  resem- 
blance of  its  course  as  laid  down  with  that  of 
Cannon  River,  which  I  had  previously  sketched 
in  my  o^vn  field-book.  I  soon  convinced  myself 
that  the  principal  statements  of  the  Baron  in  ref- 
erence to  the  country  and  the  few  details  he  gives 
of  the  physical  character  of  the  the  river,  coin- 
cide remarkably  with  what  I  had  laid  down  as 
belonging  to  Cannon  River.  Then  the  lakes  and 
swamps  corresponded;  traces  of  Indian  ^•illages 
mentioned  by  him  might  be  found  by  a  growth 
of  wild  grass  that  propagates  itself  aroimd  all  old 
Indian  settlements." 


LE  SUEUB,  EXPLOBER  OF  THE  MINNESOTA  RIVER. 


37 


CHAPTER  VII. 


LE   SUEUR,  EXPLORER   OF  THE  MINNESOTA   RIVER. 


Le  Sufiir  Visits  lake  Pepin.— Stationed  nt  ha  Pointe— Establishes  a  Post  on  an 
Island  Aljove  Lake  Pepin.— Island  Described  by  Penicant.— Kiret  S  oux  Chief 
at  Montreal.— Ojibway  Chiefs*  Speeches.— Speeeh  of  Sioux  Chief.— Tceoskah- 
tay's  Death.— Le  Sueur  Goes  to  Francc.-Posis  West  of  Mackinaw  Abandoned 
— Le  Sueur's  License  Revoked.— Second  Visit  to  Prance.— Arrives  in  Gulf  of 
Mexico  with  D'Iberville.— Ascends  the  Mississippi.— Lead  Mines.- Canadians 
Fleeing  from  the  Sioux.— At  the  Mouth  of  the  Wisconsin.— Sioux  Robbers.— Elk 
Hunting.— Lake  Pepin  Described.- Rattlesnakes.— La  Place  Killad.-St.  Croix 
River  Named  After  a  Frenchman.— Le  Sueur  Reaches  St.  Pterre,  now  Minne- 
sota River— Enters  Mankahto,  or  Blue  Eartli,  River— Sioux  of  the  Plains.— 
Fort  L'Huillier  Completed.— Conferences  with  Sioux  Bands  — Assinabolncs  a 
Separated  Sioux  Band  —An  Indian  Feast.— Names  of  the  Sioux  Bands.— Char- 
levoix's Account.— U  Sueur  Goes  with  D'Iberville  to  France.— D'lberville's 
Memorial.- Early  CensuJ-  of  Indian  Tribes. -Penicaut's  Account  of  Fort  L'Huil 
lier.— Le  Sueur's  Departure  from  the  Fort-— D'Evaqe  Left  in  Charjic.— Return" 
to  Mobile.— Juchereau  at  Moutb  of  Wisconsin. -Bondor  a  Montreal  Merchant  — 
Sioux  Attack  Miamis.— Boudor  Robbed  by  the  Sioux. 


Le  Sueur  was  a  native  of  Canada,  and  a  rela- 
tive of  D'Iberville,  the  early  Governor  of  Louis- 
iana. He  came  to  Lake  Pepin  in  1683,  with 
Nicholas  Perrot,  and  his  name  also  appears  at- 
tached to  the  document  prepared  in  May,  1689, 
after  Perrot  had  re-occupied  his  post  just  above 
the  entrance  of  the  lake,  on  the  east  side. 

In  1692,  he  was  sent  by  Governor  Frontenac  of 
Canada,  to  La  Pointe,  on  Lake  Superior,  and  in  a 
dispatch  of  1693,  to  the  French  Government,  is 
the  following  :  '■  Le  Sueur,  another  voyageur,  is 
to  remain  at  Chagouamagon  [La  Pointe]  to  en- 
deavor to  maintain  the  peace  lately  concluded  be- 
tween the  Saulteurs  [Chippeways]  and  Sioux. 
This  is  of  the  greatest  consequence,  as  it  is  now 
the  sole  pass  by  which  access  can  be  had  to  the 
latter  nation,  \\'hose  trade  is  very  profitable  ;  the 
country  to  the  south  being  occupied  by  the  Foxes 
and  Iilaskoutens,  who  several  times  plundered  the 
French,  on  the  ground  they  were  carrying  ammu- 
nition to  the  Sioux,  their  ancient  enemies." 

Entering  the  Sioux  country  in  1694.  he  estab- 
lished a  post  upon  a  prairie  island  in  the  Missis- 
sippi, about  nine  miles  below  the  present  town  of 
Hastings,  according  to  Bellin  and  others.  Peni- 
caut,  who  accompanied  him  in  the  exploration  of 
the  Minnesota,  writes,  "  At  the  extremity  of  the 
lake  [Pepin]  you  come  to  the  Isle  Pelee,  so  called 
because  there  are  no  trees  on  it.   It  is  on  this  island 


that  the  French  from  Canada  established  their 
fort  and  storehouse,  and  they  also  ■s\inter  here, 
because  game  is  very  abundant.  In  the  month  of 
September  they  bring  their  store  of  meat,  obtained 
by  hunting,  and  after  having  skinned  and  cleaned 
it,  hang  it  upon  a  crib  of  raised  scaffolding,  in 
order  that  the  extreme  cold,  which  lasts  from 
September  to  March,  may  preserve  it  from  spoil- 
ing. During  the  whole  winter  they  do  not  go  out 
except  for  water,  when  tliey  have  to  break  the  ice 
every  day,  and  the  abin  is  generally  built  upon 
the  bank,  so  as  not  to  liave  far  to  go.  When 
spring  arrives,  the  savages  come  to  the  island, 
bringing  their  merchandize." 

On  the  fifteenth  of  July,  1695,  Le  Sueur  arrived 
at  jMoiitreal  with  a  party  of  Ojibways,  and  the 
first  Dukotah  brave  that  had  ever  visited  Canada. 

The  Indians  were  much  impressed  with  the 
power  of  France  liy  the  marching  of  a  detach- 
ment of  seven  luuidred  picked  men.  under  Chev- 
alier Cresafi,  who  were  on  their  way  to  La  Chine. 

On  the  eighteenth,  Frontenac,  in  the  presence 
of  Callieres  and  other  persons  of  distinction,  gave 
them  an  audience. 

The  first  speaker  was  the  chief  of  the  Ojibway 
band  at  La  Pointe,  Shiiigowahbay,  who  said: 

"  Thatiie  was  come  to  pay  his  respects  to  Onon- 
tio  [the  title  given  the  Governor  of  Canada]  in  the 
name  of  the  young  warriors  of  Point  Chagouami- 
gon,  and  to  thank  him  for  having  given  them 
some  Frenchmen  to  dwell  with  tliem;  to  testify 
their  sorrow  for  one  Jobin,  a  Frenchman,  who 
was  killed  at  a  feast,  accidentally,  and  not  ma- 
liciously. We  come  to  ask  a  favor  of  you,  which 
is  to  let  us  act.  We  are  allies  of  the  Sciou.  Some 
Outagamies,  or  Mascoutins,  have  been  killed. 
The  Sciou  came  to  mourn  with  us.  Let  us  act, 
Father;  let  us  take  revenge. 

"  Le  Sueur  alone,  who  is  acquainted  with  the 
language  of  the  one  and  the  other,  can  serve  us. 
We  ask  that  he  return  with  us." 


38 


EXPLORERS  AXI)  PIOXEERS  OF  MIXXESOIA. 


Another  speaker  of  the  Ojibways  was  Le  Bro- 
chet. 

Teeoskahtay,  the  Dahkotah  chief,  before  he 
spoke,  spread  out  a  beaver  robe.  and.  laying  an- 
other with  a  tobacco  pouch  and  otter  skin,  began 
to  weep  bitterly.    After  dr>-iug  his  tears,  he  said: 

■•  All  of  the  nations  had  a  father,  who  afforded 
them  protection;  all  of  them  have  ii-on.  But  he 
was  a  bastard  in  quest  of  a  father;  he  was  come 
to  see  him.  and  hopes  that  he  will  take  pity  on 
him." 

He  then  placed  upon  the  beaver  robe  twenty- 
two  arrows,  at  each  arrow  namuig  a  Dalikotah 
village  that  desired  Frontenac"s  protection.  Ee- 
sumiug  Ms  speech,  he  remarked: 

"  It  is  not  on  account  of  what  I  bring  that  I 
hope  him  who  rules  the  earth  will  have  pity  on 
me.  I  learned  from  the  Santeurs  that  he  wanted 
nothing;  that  he  was  the  Master  of  the  Iron;  that 
he  had  a  big  heart,  into  wliich  he  could  receive 
all  the  nations.  This  has  induced  me  to  abandon 
my  people  and  come  to  seek  his  protection,  and 
to  beseech  bim  to  receive  me  iimong  the  number 
of  his  cliildren.  Take  courage.  Great  Captain, 
and  reject  me  not;  despise  me  not.  though  I  ap- 
pear poor  in  your  eyes.  All  the  nations  here 
present  know  that  I  am  rich,  and  the  little  they 
ofier  here  is  taken  from  my  lands."' 

Coiuit  Frontenac  ui  reply  told  the  chief  that  he 
would  receive  the  Dahkotahs  as  his  children,  on 
condition  that  they  would  be  obedient,  and  that 
he  would  send  back  Le  Sueur  with  him. 

Teeoskahtay,  taking  hold  of  the  governor's 
knees,  wept,  and  said:  "  Take  pity  on  us;  we 
are  well  aware  that  we  are  not  able  to  speak,  be- 
ing children;  but  Le  Sueur,  who  understands  our 
language,  and  has  seen  all  our  ^'illages,  will  next 
year  inform  you  what  ^vill  have  been  achieved  by 
the  Sioux  nations  represented  by  those  arrows  be- 
fore you." 

Having  finished,  a  Dahkotah  woman,  the  wife 
of  a  great  chief  whom  Le  Sueiu-  had  purchased 
from  capti\-ity  at  Mackinaw,  approached  those  in 
authority,  and.  with  downcast  eyes,  embraced 
their  knees,  weeping  and  sajing: 

"  I  thank  thee.  Father;  it  is  by  thy  means  I 
have  been  liberated,  and  am  no  longer  captive." 

Then  Teeoskahtay  resiuned: 

"  I  speak  like  a  man  penetrated  with  joy.  The 
Great  Captain;  he  who  is  the  Master  of  Iron,  as- 


sises me  of  his  protection,  and  I  promise  him  that 
if  he  condescends  to  restore  my  children,  now 
prisoners  among  the  Foxes,  Ottawas  and  Hurons, 
I  will  return  hither,  and  tiring  with  me  the  twen- 
ty-two villages  whom  he  has  just  restored  to  life 
by  promising  to  send  them  Iron." 

On  the  14th  of  August.  Uvo  weeks  after  the 
O  jib  way  chief  left  for  his  home  on  Lake  Superior, 
Xicholas  Perrot  arrived  with  a  deputation  of 
Saitks.  Foxes,  Meuomonees,  Miamis  of  Maramek 
and  Pottowatomies. 

Two  days  after,  they  had  a  cormcil  with  the 
governor,  who  thus  spoke  to  a  Fox  brave: 

•'  I  see  that  you  are  a  young  man:  your  nation 
has  quite  turned  away  from  my  wishes;  it  has 
pillaged  some  of  my  young  men,  whom  it  has 
treated  as  slaves.  I  know  that  your  father,  who 
loved  the  French,  had  no  hand  in  the  indignitj'. 
You  only  imitate  the  example  of  your  father_ 
who  had  sense,  when  you  do  not  co-operate 
with  those  of  your  tribe  who  are  wisliing  to  go 
over  to  my  enemies,  after  they  grossly  insulted 
me  and  defeated  the  Sioux,  whom  I  now  consider 
my  son.  I  pity  the  Sioux;  I  pitj-  the  dead  whose 
loss  I  deplore.  Perrot  goes  up  there,  and  he  will 
speak  to  your  nation  from  me  for  the  release  of 
their  prisoners;  let  them  attend  to  him." 

Teeoshkahtay  never  returned  to  his  native  land. 
Wliile  in  Monti-eal  he  was  taken  sick,  and  in 
thirty-three  days  he  ceased  to  breathe;  and.  fol- 
lowed by  white  men,  his  body  was  interred  in  the 
wiiite  man's  grave. 

Le  Sueur  instead  of  going  back  to  Minnesota 
that  year,  as  was  expected,  went  to  France  and 
received  a  license,  in  1897.  to  open  certain  mines 
supposed  to  exist  in  Mmnesota.  The  ship  in 
which  he  was  retui-ning  was  captm-ed  by  the  Eng- 
Ush,  and  he  was  taken  to  England.  After  his 
release  he  went  back  to  France,  and,  in  1698,  ob- 
tained a  new  commission  for  mining. 

■\niile  Le  Sueur  was  in  Eui-ope,  the  Dahkotas 
waged  war  against  the  Foxes  and  Miamis.  In 
retaUation.  the  latter  raised  a  war  party  and  en- 
tered the  land  of  the  Dahkotahs.  Finding  their 
foes  intrenched,  and  assisted  by  "  coirreurs  des 
bois,"  they  were  mdignant;  and  on  their  return 
they  had  a  skirmish  with  some  Frenchmen,  who 
were  carrying  goods  to  the  Dahkotahs. 

Shortly  after,  they  met  Perrot,  and  were  about 
to  burn  him  to  death,  when  prevented  by  some 


LE  SVEUB  ASCENDS  THE  MISSISIPPI  BIVEB. 


39 


friendly  Foxes.  The  Miamis,  after  this,  were 
disposed  to  be  friendly  to  the  Iroquois.  In  1696, 
the  year  previous,  the  authorities  at  Quebec  de- 
cided that  it  was  expedient  to  abandon  all  the 
posts  west  of  Mackinaw,  and  withdraw  the  French 
from  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota. 

The  voyageius  were  not  disposed  to  leave  the 
country,  and  the  governor  wrote  to  Pontchar- 
train  for  instructions,  in  October,  1698.  In  his 
dispatch  he  remarks: 

"  In  this  conjuncture,  and  under  all  these  cir- 
cumstances, we  consider  it  our  duty  to  postpone, 
until  new  instructions  from  the  court,  the  execu- 
tion of  Sieur  Le  Sueur's  enterprise  for  the  mines, 
though  the  promise  had  already  been  given  him 
to  send  two  canoes  in  advance  to  Missilimackinac, 
for  the  purpose  of  purchasing  there  some  pro- 
visions and  other  necessaries  for  his  voyage,  and 
that  he  would  be  permitted  to  go  and  join  them 
early  in  the  spring  with  the  rest  of  his  hands. 
What  led  us  to  adopt  this  resolution  has  been, 
that  the  French  who  remamed  to  trade  off  with 
the  Five  Nations  the  remainder  of  their  merch- 
andise, might,  on  seeing  entirely  new  comers 
arriving  there,  consider  themselves  entitled  to 
dispense  with  coming  down,  and  perhaps  adopt 
the  resolution  to  settle  there;  wliilst,  seeing  no 
arrival  there,  with  permission  to  do  what  is  for- 
bidden, the  reflection  they  will  be  able  to  make 
during  the  winter,  and  the  apprehension  of  being 
guilty  of  crime,  may  oblige  them  to  return  in  the 
spring. 

"  This  would  be  very  desirable,  in  consequence 
of  the  great  diflBculty  there  will  be  in  constraining 
them  to  it,  should  they  be  inclined  to  lift  the  mask 
altogether  and  become  buccaneers;  or  should 
Sieur  Le  Sueur,  as  he  easily  could  do,  furnish 
them  with  goods  for  their  beaver  and  smaller 
peltry,  which  he  might  send  down  by  the  return  of 
other  Frenchmen,  whose  sole  desire  is  to  obey,  and 
who  have  remained  only  because  of  the  impossi- 
biUty  of  getting  their  effects  down.  This  would 
rather  induce  those  who  w-ould  continue  to  lead  a 
vagabond  life  to  remain  there,  as  the  goods  they 
would  receive  from  Le  Sueur's  people  would  afford 
them  the  means  of  doing  so." 

In  reply  to  this  communication,  Louis  XIV. 
answered  that — 

"  His  majesty  has  approved  that  the  late  Sieur 
de  Frontenac  and  De  Champigny  suspended  the 


execution  of  the  license  granted  to  the  man  named 
Le  Sueur  to  proceed,  with  fifty  men,  to  explore 
some  mines  on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi.  lie 
has  revoked  said  license,  and  desires  that  the  said 
Le  Sueur,  or  any  other  person,  be  prevented  from 
leaving  the  colony  on  pretence  of  going  in  search 
of  mines,  without  his  majesty's  express  permis- 
sion." 

Le  Sueur,  undaunted  by  these  drawbacks  to  the 
prosecution  of  a  favorite  project,  again  visited 
France. 

Fortimately  for  Le  Sueur,  D'Iberville.  who  was 
a  friend,  and  closely  connected  by  marriage,  was 
appointed  governor  of  the  new  territory  of  Louis- 
iana. In  the  month  of  December  he  arrived  from 
France,  with  thirty  workmen,  to  proceed  to  the 
supposed  mines  in  Minnesota. 

On  the  thirteenth  of  July,  1700.  with  a  felucca, 
two  canoes,  and  nineteen  men,  having  ascended 
the  Mississippi,  he  had  reached  the  mouth  of  the 
Missouri,  and  six  leagues  above  this  he  passed  the 
Illinois.  He  there  met  three  Canadians,  who 
came  to  join  him,  with  a  letter  from  Father  ilar- 
est,  who  had  once  attempted  a  mission  among  the 
Dahkotahs,  dated  July  13,  Mission  Immaculate 
Conception  of  the  Holy  Virgin,  in  Illinois. 

"  I  have  the  honor  to  write,  in  order  to  inform 
you  that  the  Saugiestas  have  been  defeated  by  the 
Seioux  and  Ayavois  [lowas].  The  people  have 
formed  an  alliance  with  the  Quincapous  [Kicka- 
poos],  some  of  the  Mecoutins,  Renards  [Foxes], 
and  Metesigamias,  and  gone  to  revenge  them- 
selves, not  on  the  Seioux,  for  they  are  too  much 
afraid  of  them,  but  perhaps  on  the  Ayavois,  or 
very  likely  upon  the  Paoutees,  or  more  probably 
upon  the  Osages,  for  these  suspect  nothing,  and 
the  others  are  on  their  guard. 

"As  you  will  probably  meet  these  alUed  na- 
tions, you  ought  to  take  precaution  against  their 
plans,  and  not  allow  them  to  board  your  vessel, 
since  they  are  traitors,  and  utterly  failhlcsg.  I  pray 
God  to  accompany  you  in  all  your  designs." 

Twenty-t^vo  leagues  above  the  Illinois,  he  passed 
a  small  stream  which  he  called  the  River  of  Oxen, 
and  nine  leagues  beyond  this  he  passed  a  small 
river  on  the  west  side,  where  he  met  four  Cana- 
dians descending  the  Mississippi,  on  their  way  to 
the  Illinois.  On  the  30th  of  July,  nine  leagues 
above  the  last-named  river,  he  met  seventeen 
Seioux,  in  seven  canoes,  who  were  going  to  re- 


40 


EXPLORERS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


venge  the  death  of  three  Scioux.  one  of  whom  had 
been  burned,  and  the  others  killed,  at  Tamarois, 
a  few  days  before  his  arrival  in  that  village.  As 
he  had  promised  the  chief  of  the  Illinois  to  ap- 
pease the  Scionx  who  should  go  to  war  against 
his  nation,  he  made  a  present  to  the  cliief  of  the 
party  to  engage  him  to  turn  back.  He  told  them 
the  Kiiig  of  France  did  not  -n-ish  them  to  make 
this  river  more  bloody,  and  that  he  was  sent  to  tell 
them  that,  if  they  obeyed  the  king's  word,  they 
would  receive  in  future  all  things  necessary  for 
them.  The  cliief  answered  that  he  accepted  the 
present,  that  is  to  say,  that  he  would  do  as  had 
been  told  him. 

From  the  30th  of  July  to  the  2oth  of  August,  Le 
Sueur  advanced  fifty-tlu-ee  and  one-foiulh  leagues 
to  a  small  river  wliieh  he  called  the  River  of  the 
Mine.  At  the  mouth  it  nms  from  the  north,  but 
it  turns  to  the  northeast.  On  the  right  seven 
leagues,  there  is  a  lead  mine  in  a  prairie,  one  and 
a  half  leagues.  The  river  is  only  navigable  in 
high  water,  that  is  to  say,  from  early  spring  till 
the  month  of  Jime. 

From  the  2oth  to  the  27th  he  made  ten  leagues, 
passed  two  small  rivers,  and  made  himself  ac- 
quauited  ^^ith  a  mine  of  lead,  from  which  he  took 
a  supply.  From  the  27th  to  the  30th  he  made 
eleven  and  a  half  leagues,  and  met  five  Canadians, 
one  of  whom  had  been  dangerously  wounded  in 
the  head.  They  were  naked,  and  had  no  ammu- 
nition except  a  miserable  gim.  with  five  or  six 
loads  of  powder  and  balls.  They  said  they  were 
descenduig  from  the  Scioux  to  go  to  Tamarois. 
and,  when  seventy  leagues  above,  they  perceived 
nine  canoes  in  the  Mississippi,  in  wliich  were 
ninety  savages,  who  robbed  and  cruelly  beat  them. 
Tills  party  were  going  to  war  against  the  Scioux. 
and  were  composed  of  four  different  nations,  the 
Outagamies  [Foxes].  Poutouwatamis  [Pottowatta- 
mies],  and  Puans  [Winnebagoes],  who  dwell  in  a 
coimtry  eighty  leagues  east  of  the  Mississippi 
from  where  Le  Suem'  then  was. 

The  Canadians  determined  to  follow  the  detach- 
ment, which  was  composed  of  tnenty-eight  men. 
This  day  they  made  seven  and  a  half  leagues. 
On  the  1st  of  September  he  passed  tlie  Wisconsin 
river.  It  runs  into  the  Mississippi  from  the  north- 
east. It  is  nearly  one  and  a  half  miles  wide.  At- 
about  seventy-five  leagues  up  tliis  river,  on  the 
right,  ascending,  there  is  a  portage  of  more  than 


a  league.  The  half  of  this  portage  is  shaking 
ground,  and  at  the  end  of  it  is  a  small  river  which 
descends  into  a  bay  called  "Wirmebago  Bay.  It  is 
inhabited  by  a  great  number  of  nations  who  carry 
their  furs  to  Canada.  Monsieur  Le  Sueur  came 
by  the  "Wisconsin  river  to  the  Mississippi,  for  the 
first  time,  in  1683.  on  his  way  to  the  Scioux  coun- 
try, where  he  had  already  passed  seven  years  at 
different  periods.  The  ilississippi.  opposite  the 
mouth  of  the  Wisconsin,  is  less  than  half  a  mile 
wide.  From  the  1st  of  September  to  the  oth,  our 
voyageur  advanced  fourteen  leagues.  He  passed 
the  river  "  Aux  Canots."  which  comes  from  the 
northeast,  and  then  the  Quincapous.  named  from 
a  nation  which  once  dwelt  upon  its  banks. 

From  the  oth  to  the  9th  he  made  ten  and  a  half 
leagues,  and  passed  the  rivers  Cachee  and  Aux 
Ailes.  The  same  day  he  perceived  canoes,  filled 
with  savages,  descending  the  river,  and  the  five 
Canadians  recognized  them  as  the  party  who  had 
robbed  them.  They  placed  sentinels  in  the  wood, 
for  fear  of  being  sm-prised  by  land,  and  when 
they  had  approached  within  hearing,  they  cried  to 
them  that  if  they  approached  farther  they  would 
fire.  They  then  drew  up  by  an  island,  at  half  the 
distance  of  a  giui  shot.  Soon,  four  of  the  princi- 
pal men  of  the  band  approached  in  a  canoe,  and 
asked  if  it  was  forgotten  that  they  were  our 
lirethren,  and  with  what  design  we  had  taken 
arms  when  we  perceived  them.  Le  Sueur  replied 
that  he  had  cause  to  distnist  them,  since  they  had 
robbed  five  of  his  party.  Nevertheless,  for  the 
surety  of  his  trade,  being  forced  to  be  at  peace 
with  all  the  tribes,  he  demanded  no  redress  for 
the  robbery,  but  added  merely  that  the  king,  their 
master  and  his,  wished  that  his  subjects  should 
navigate  that  river  without  insult,  and  that  they 
had  better  beware  how  they  acted. 

The  Indian  who  had  spoken  was  silent,  but  an- 
other said  they  had  been  attacked  by  the  Scioux, 
and  that  if  they  did  not  have  pity  on  them,  and 
give  them  a  little  powder,  they  should  not  be  able 
to  reach  theii-  villages.  The  consideration  of  a 
missionary,  who  was  to  go  up  among  the  Scioux, 
and  wliom  these  savages  might  meet,  induced 
them  to  give  two  pounds  of  powder. 

M.  Le  Sueur  made  the  sanie  day  three  leagues; 
passed  a  stream  on  the  west,  and  afterward  an- 
other river  on  the  east,  wliich  is  navigaVile  at  all 
times,  and  which  the  Indians  call  Red  River. 


BATTLE  SNAKES  ON  SHORES  OF  LAKE  PEPIN. 


41 


On  the  10th,  at  daybreak,  they  heard  an  elk 
whistle,  on  the  other  side  of  the  river.  A  Cana- 
dian crossed  in  a  small  Scioux  canoe,  whicli  tliey 
had  found,  and  shortly  returned  with  tlie  body  of 
the  animal,  which  was  very  easily  killed,  "quand 
11  est  en  rut,"  that  is,  from  tlie  beginning  of  Sep- 
tember imtil  tlie  end  of  October.  The  hunters  at 
this  tune  made  a  whistle  of  a  piece  of  wood,  or 
reed,  and  when  they  hear  an  elk  whistle  they  an- 
swer it.  The  animal,  believing  it  to  be  another 
elk,  approaches,  and  is  killed  with  ease. 

From  the  10th  to  the  14tli,  M.  Le  Sueur  made 
seventeen  and  a  lialf  leagues,  passing  the  rivers 
Raisin  and  Paquilenettes  (perhaps  the  "Wazi  Ozu 
and  Buffalo.)  The  same  day  he  left,  on  the  east 
side  of  the  Mississippi,  a  beautiful  and  large  river, 
which  descends  from  the  very  far  north,  and 
called  Bon  Secours  (Chippeway),  on  account  of  the 
great  quantity  of  buffalo,  elk,  bears  and  deers 
which  are  found  there.  Three  leagues  up  this 
river  there  is  a  mine  of  lead,  and  seven  leagues 
above,  on  the  same  side,  they  found  another  long 
river,  in  the  vicinity  of  which  there  is  a  copper 
mine,  from  which  he  had  taken  a  lump  of  sixty 
pounds  in  a  former  voyage.  In  order  to  make 
these  mines  of  any  account,  peace  must  be  ob- 
tained between  the  Scioux  and  Ouatagamis  (Fox- 
es), because  the  latter,  who  dwell  on  the  east  side 
of  the  Mississippi,  pass  this  road  coutmually  when 
going  to  war  against  the  Sioux. 

Penicaut,  in  his  journal,  gives  a  brief  descrip- 
tion of  the  Mississippi  between  the  Wiseonsm 
and  Lake  Pepin.  lie  writes:  "Above  the  Wis- 
consin, and  ten  leagues  higher  on  the  same  side, 
begins  a  great  jirairie  extending  for  sixty  leagues 
along  the  bank;  this  prairie  is  called  Aux  Ailes. 
Opposite  to  Aux  Ailes,  on  the  left,  there  is 
another  prairie  facing  it  called  Paquilanet  which 
is  not  so  long  by  a  great  deal.  Twenty  leagues 
above  these  prairies  is  found  Lake  Bon  Secours  " 
[Good  Help,  now  Pepin.] 

In  this  region,  at  one  and  a  half  leagues  on  the 
northwest  side,  commenced  a  lake,  which  is  six 
leagues  long  and  more  than  one  broad,  called 
Lake  Pepin.  It  is  bounded  on  the  west  by  a 
chain  of  mountains;  on  the  east  is  seen  a  prairie; 
and  on  the  northwest  of  the  lake  there  is  another 
prairie  two  leagues  long  and  one  wide.  In  the 
neighborhood  is  a  chain  of  mountains  quite  two 
hundred  feet  high,  and  more  than  one  and  a  half 


miles  long.  In  these  are  found  several  caves,  to 
which  the  bears  retire  in  winter.  Most  of  the 
caverns  are  more  than  seventy  feet  in  extent,  and 
two  hundred  feet  high.  There  are  several  of 
which  the  entrance  is  very  narrow,  and  quite 
closed  up  with  saltpetre.  It  would  be  dangerous 
to  enter  them  in  summer,  for  they  are  filled  with 
rattlesnakes,  the  bite  of  which  is  very  dangerous. 
Le  Sueur  saw  some  of  these  snakes  which  were 
six  feet  in  length,  but  generally  they  are  about 
four  feet.  They  have  teeth  resembling  those  of 
the  pike,  and  their  gums  are  full  of  small  vessels, 
in  which  their  poison  is  placed.  The  Scioux  say 
they  take  it  every  mornin  -,  and  cast  it  away  at 
night.  They  have  at  the  tail  a  kind  of  scale  which 
makes  a  noise,  and  this  is  called  the  rattle. 

Le  Sueur  made  on  this  day  seven  and  a  half 
leagues,  and  passed  another  river,  called  Iliam- 
bouxecate  Ouataba,  or  the  River  of  Flat  Rock. 
[The  Sioux  call  the  Cannon  river  Inyanbosndata.] 
On  the  15th  he  crossed  a  small  river,  and  saw 
in  the  neighborhood  several  canoes,  filled  with 
Indians,  descending  the  Mississippi.     He  sup- 
posed they  were  Scioux,  because  he  could  not  dis- 
tinguish whether  the  canoes  were  large  or  small. 
The  arms  were  placed  in  readiness,  and  soon  they 
heard  the  cry  of  the  savages,  which  they  are  ac- 
customed to  raise  when  they  rush  upon  their  en- 
emies.   He  caused  them  to  be  answered  in  the 
same  manner;  and  after  having  placed  all  the 
men  behind  the  trees,  he  ordered  them  not  to  fire 
until  they  were  commanded.    He  remained  on 
shore  to  see  what  movement  the  savages  would 
make,  and  perceiving  that  they  placed  two  on 
shore,  on  the  other  side,  where  from  an  eminence 
they  could  ascertain  the  strength  of  his  forces,  he 
caused  the  men  to  pass  and  repass  from  the  shore 
to  the  wood,  in  order  to  make  tlieni  believe  that 
they  were  numerous.     This  ruse  succeeded,  for 
as  soon  as  the  two  descended  from  the  eminence 
the  chief  of  the  party  came,  bearing  the  calumet 
which  is  a  signal  of  peace  among  the  Indians. 
They  said  that  having  never  seen  the  French  navi- 
gate the  riverwith  boats  like  the  felucca,  they  had 
supposed  them  to  be  English,  and  for  that  reason 
they  had  raised  the  war  cry.  and  arranged  them- 
selves on  the  other  side  of  the  Mississippi;  but 
having  recognized  their  flag,  they  had  come  with- 
out fear  to  inform  them,  that  one  of  their  num- 
ber, who  was  crazy,  had  accidentally  killed  a 


42 


EXPLOEEES  AND  PIOKEEES  OF  MINNESOTA. 


Frenchman,  and  tliat  they  would  go  and  bring  his 
comrade,  who  would  tell  how  the  mischief  had 
happened. 

The  Trenchman  they  brought  was  Denis,  a  Ca- 
nadian, and  he  reported  that  his  companion  was 
accidentally  killed.  His  name  was  Laplace,  a  de- 
serting soldier  from  Canada,  who  had  taken  ref- 
uge in  this  country. 

Le  Sueur  replied,  that  Ouontio  (the  name  they 
give  to  all  the  governors  of  Canada),  being  their 
father  and  his,  they  ought  not  to  seek  justification 
elsewhere  than  before  him:  and  he  advised  them 
to  go  and  see  him  as  soon  as  possible,  and  beg 
him  to  mpe  off  the  blood  of  this  Frenchman  from 
their  faces. 

The  party  was  composed  of  forty-seven  men  of 
different  nations,  who  dwell  far  to  the  east,  about 
the  forty-fourth  degree  of  latitude.  Le  Sueur, 
discovering  who  the  chiefs  were,  said  the  king 
whom  they  had  spoken  of  in  Canada,  had  sent 
him  to  take  possession  of  the  north  of  the  river; 
and  that  he  -wished  the  nations  who  dwell  on  it. 
as  well  as  those  under  his  protection,  to  live  in 
peace. 

He  made  this  day  three  and  three-fourths 
leagues:  and  on  the  16th  of  September,  he  left  a 
large  river  on  the  east  side,  iKnued  at.  Croix,  he- 
cause  a  Frenchman  of  that  name  was  shi^jicrecked 
at  its  mouth.  It  comes  from  the  north-northwest. 
Four  leagues  higher,  in  going  up.  is  found  a  small 
lake,  at  the  mouth  of  which  is  a  very  large  mass 
of  copper.  It  is  on  the  edge  of  the  water,  in  a 
small  ridge  of  sandy  earth,  on  the  west  of  this 
lake.  [One  of  La  Salle's  men  was  named  St. 
Croix.] 

From  the  16th  to  the  19th.  he  advanced  thir- 
teen and  three-fourths  leagues.  After  liavmg 
made  from  Tamarois  two  hundred  and  nine  and  a 
half  leagues,  he  left  the  navigation  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, to  enter  the  river  St.  Pierre,  on  the  west 
side.  By  the  1st  of  October,  lie  had  made  in  this 
river  forty-four  and  one-fourth  leagues.  After  he 
entered  Blue  river,  thus  named  on  account  of  the 
mines  of  blue  earth  found  at  its  mouth,  he  found- 
ed his  post,  situated  in  forty-four  degrees,  thir- 
teen minutes  north  latitude.  He  met  at  this 
place  nine  Scioux,  who  told  him  that  the  river 
belonged  to  the  Scioux  of  the  west,  the  Ayavois 
(lowas)  and  Otoctatas  (Ottoes).  who  lived  a  little 
farther  off;  that  it  was  not  their  custom  to  hunt 


on  groiuid  belonging  to  others,  unless  invited  to 
do  so  by  the  owners,  and  that  when  they  would 
come  to  the  fort  to  obtain  pro%'isions.  they  would  , 
be  in  danger  of  being  killed  in  ascending  or  de- 
scending the  rivers,  vrliich  were  narrow,  and  that 
if  they  woidd  show  their  pity,  he  must  establish 
himself  on  the  Mississippi,  near  the  mouth  of  the  St. 
Pierre,  where  the  Ayavois,  the  Otoctatas,  and  the 
other  Scioux  could  go  as  well  as  they. 

Having  finished  their  speech,  they  leaned  over 
the  head  of  Le  Sueur,  according  to  their  custom, 
crying  out,  "Ouaechissou  ouaepanimanabo,"  that 
is  to  say.  "  Have  pity  upon  us."  Le  Sueur  had 
foreseen  that  the  establishment  of  Blue  Earth 
river  would  not  please  the  Scioux  of  the  East, 
who  were,  so  to  speak,  masters  of  the  other  Scioux 
and  of  the  nations  which  wDl  be  hereafter  men- 
tioned, because  they  were  the  first  with  ichom  trade 
was  commenced,  and  in  consequence  of  which  they 
had  already  quite  a  number  of  guns. 

As  he  had  commenced  his  operations  not  only 
with  a  view  to  the  trade  of  beaver  but  also  to 
gain  a  knowledge  of  the  mines  which  he  had  pre- 
!  viously  discovered,  he  told  them  that  he  was  sor- 
I  ry  that  he  had  not  known  their  intentions  sooner, 
I  and  that  it  was  just,  suice  he  came  expressly  for 
them,  that  he  should  establish  liimself  on  their 
land,  but  that  the  season  was  too  far  advanced 
for  him  to  return.    He  then  made  them  a  present 
I  of  powder,  balls  and  knives,  and  an  armful  of  to- 
I  bacco,  to  entice  them  to  assemble,  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible, near  the  fort  he  was  about  to  construct, 
that  when  they  should  be  all  assembled  he  might 
tell  them  the  intention  of  the  king,  their  and  liis 
sovereign. 

The  Scioux  of  the  West,  according  to  the  state- 
ment of  the  Eastern  Scioux.  have  more  than  a 
thousand  lodges.  They  do  not  use  canoes,  nor 
cultivate  the  earth,  nor  gather  wild  rice.  They 
remain  generally  on  the  prairies  which  are  be- 
tween the  Upper  Mississippi  and  Missouri  rivers, 
and  Uve  entirely  by  the  chase.  The  Scioux  gen- 
erally sa>;  they  have  three  souls,  and  that  after 
death,  that  which  has  done  weU  goes  to  the  warm 
country,  that  which  has  done  evil  to  the  cold 
regions,  and  the  other  guards  the  body.  Poly- 
gamy is  common  among  them.  They  are  very 
jealous,  and  sometimes  fight  in  duel  for  their 
wives.  They  manage  the  bow  admirably,  and 
have  been  seen  several  times  to  kill  ducks  on  the 


BLUE  EARTH  ASSAYED  BY  nWLLIER  IN  I'AMlS. 


43 


wing.  They  make  their  lodges  of  a  number  of 
buffalo  skins  interlaced  and  sewed,  and  carry 
them  wherever  tliey  go.  They  are  all  great  smo- 
kers, but  their  manner  of  smoking  differs  from 
that  of  other  Indians.  There  are  some  Scioux 
who  swallow  all  the  smoke  of  the  tobacco,  and 
others  who,  after  having  kept  it  some  time  In 
their  mouth,  cause  it  to  issue  from  the  nose.  In 
each  lodge  there  are  usually  two  or  three  men 
with  their  families. 

On  the  third  of  October,  they  received  at  the 
fort  several  Scioux,  among  whom  was  Wahkan- 
tape,  chief  of  the  village.  Soon  two  Canadians 
arrived  who  had  been  limiting,  and  who  had  been 
robbed  by  the  Scioux  of  the  East,  who  had  raised 
their  guns  against  the  establishment  which  M. 
Le  Sueur  had  made  on  Blue  Earth  river. 

On  the  fourteenth  the  fort  was  iinished  and 
named  Fort  L'Huillier,  and  on  the  twenty-second 
two  Canadians  were  sent  out  to  invite  the  Aya- 
vois  and  Otoctatas  to  come  and  establish  a  vil- 
lage near  the  fort,  because  these  Indians  are  in- 
dustrious and  accustomed  to  cultivate  the  earth, 
and  they  hoped  to  get  provisions  from  them,  and 
to  make  them  work  in  the  mines. 

On  the  twenty-fourth,  six  Scioux  Oujalespoi- 
tons  wished  to  go  into  the  fort,  but  were  told 
that  they  did  not  receive  men  who  had  killed 
Frenchmen.  This  is  the  term  used  when  they 
have  insulted  them.  The  next  day  they  came  to 
the  lodge  of  Le  Sueur  to  beg  him  to  have  pity  on 
tliem.  They  wished,  according  to  custom,  to 
weep  over  his  head  and  make  him  a  present  of 
packs  of  beavers,  which  he  refused.  He  told 
them  he  was  surprised  that  people  who  had  rol)- 
bed  should  come  to  him ;  to  wliich  they  replied 
that  they  had  lieaid  it  said  tliat  two  Frenchmen 
had  been  robbed,  but  none  from  their  village  had 
been  present  at  that  wicked  action. 

Le  Sueur  answered,  that  he  knew  it  was  tlie 
Mendeoucantons  and  not  the  Oujalespoitoiis  i 
"  but,"'  continued  he,  '■  you  are  Scioux  ;  it  is  the 
Scioux  who  have  robbed  me,  and  if  I  were  to  fol- 
low your  manner  of  acting  I  should  break  your 
heads ;  for  is  it  not  true,  that  when  a  stranger 
(it  is  thus  they  call  the  Indians  who  are  not 
Scioux)  has  insulted  a  Scioux,  Mendeoucanton. 
Oujalespoitoiis,  or  others — all  the  villages  revenge 
upon  the  first  one  they  meetV" 

As  they  had  nothing  to  answer  to  what  he  said 


to  them,  they  wept  and  repeated,  according  to 
custom,  "  Ouaechissou  !  ouaepauimauabo  !"  Le 
Sueur  told  tliem  to  cease  crying,  and  added  that 
the  French  had  good  hearts,  and  that  they  had 
come  into  the  country  to  have  pity  on  them.  At 
tlie  same  time  lie  made  tliem  a  iiresent.  saying  to 
them,  •'  Carry  back  your  beavers  and  say  to  all 
the  Scioux,  that  they  will  have  from  me  no  more 
powder  or  lead,  and  they  will  no  longer  smoke 
any  long  pipe  until  they  have  made  satisfaction 
for  robbing  tlie  Frencliman. 

The  same  day  the  Canadians,  wlm  liad  been 
sent  off  on  the  22d.  arrived  without  having  found 
the  road  which  led  to  the  Ayavois  and  Otoctatas. 
On  the  2oth,  Le  Sueur  went  to  the  river  with 
three  canoes,  which  he  filled  witli  green  and  blue 
earth.  It  is  taken  from  the  hills  near  wliicli  are 
very  abundant  mines  of  copper,  some  of  wliicli 
was  worked  at  Paris  in  1696,  by  L'iluillier.  one 
of  the  chief  collectors  of  the  king.  Stones  were 
also  found  there  whicli  would  be  curious,  if 
worked. 

On  the  nintli  of  November,  eight  MaiUaiilon 
Scioux  arrived,  who  had  been  sent  by  tlieir  cliiefs 
to  .say  that  the  Mendeoitcantnus  were  still  <tt  thiir 
lake  on  the  east  of  the  Mimssippi.  and  they  could 
not  come  for  a  long  time  :  and  that  for  a  single 
village  whicli  had  no  good  sense,  tlie  otliers  ought 
not  to  bear  the  punishnient ;  and  that  they  were 
willing  to  make  reparation  if  they  knew  liow. 
Le  Sueur  replied  that  he  was  glad  tliat  they  had 
a  disposition  to  do  so. 

On  tlie  l-5lli  the  two  Mantauton  Scioux.  who 
liad  been  sent  expiessly  to  say  that  all  of  tlie 
Scioux  of  the  east,  and  part  of  those  of  the  west, 
were  joined  togetlier  to  come  to  the  Frencli,  be- 
cause they  had  heard  that  the  Christianaux  and 
the  Assinipoils  were  making  war  on  them. 
These  two  nations  dwell  above  tlie  fort  on  tlie 
east  side,  more  than  eiglit\  leagues  on  the  I'lijier 
Mississippi. 

The  Assinipoils  speak  Scioux.  and  are  certainly 
of  tliat  nation.  It  is  only  a  tew  years  since  that 
they  became  enemies.  Tlie  enmity  thus  origi- 
nated: The  Christianaux.  ha\  ing  tlie  use  of  arms 
before  the  Scioux.  through  the  Englisli  at  Hud- 
son's Bay,  tliey  constantly  warred  upon  the  As- 
sinipoils, who  were  tlieir  nearest  neighbors. 
The  latter,  being  weak,  sued  for  peace,  and  to 
render  it  more  lastmg,  married  the  Cliristianaux 


44 


EXPLOBEBS  AND  PIONEEBS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


women.  The  other  Scioux.  who  had  not  made 
the  compact,  continued  the  wan  and.  seeing  some 
Christianaux  with  the  Assinipoils.  broke  their 
heads.  Tlie  Christianaux  furnished  the  Assini- 
poils with  arms  and  merchandise. 

On  tlie  Itith  the  Scioux  returned  to  tlieir  vil- 
lage, and  it  was  reported  that  the  A\  avois  and 
Otoctatas  were  gone  to  establish  themselves  to- 
wards the  Missouri  River,  near  the  ilaha.  who 
dwell  in  that  region.  On  the  26th  the  ^Slantan- 
tons  and  Oujalespoitons  arrived  at  the  fort;  and, 
after  they  had  encamped  in  the  woods.  Wah 
kantape  came  to  beg  Le  Sueur  to  go  to  his 
lodge.  He  there  found  sixteen  men  with  women 
and  children,  with  their  faces  daubed  with  black. 
In  the  middle  of  the  lodge  were  several  buffalo 
skins  which  were  sewed  for  a  carpet.  After  mo- 
tioning him  to  sit  down,  they  wept  for  the  fourth 
of  an  hour,  and  the  chief  gave  him  some  wild 
rice  to  eat  (as  was  their  custom),  putting  the 
first  three  spoonsful  to  his  moutli.  After  which. 
he  said  all  present  were  relatives  of  Tioscate, 
whom  Le  Sueur  took  to  Canada  in  1 695.  and  who 
died  there  in  Hiiiii. 

At  the  mention  of  Tioscate  they  began  to  weep 
again,  and  wipe  their  tears  and  heads  upon  the 
shoulders  of  Le  Sueur.  Then  "Wahkantape  again 
spoke,  and  said  that  Tioscate  begged  him  to  for- 
get the  insult  done  to  the  Frenchmen  by  the 
Mendeoucantons,  and  take  pity  on  his  brethren 
by  giving  them  powder  and  balls  whereby  they 
could  defend  themselves,  and  gain  a  living  for 
their  wives  and  children,  who  languish  in  a  coun- 
try full  of  game,  because  they  had  not  the  means 
of  killing  them.  ■■  Look."  added  the  chief.  "  15e- 
hold  thy  children,  thy  brethren,  and  thy  sisters; 
it  is  to  thee  to  see  whether  thou  wishest  them  to 
die.  They  \y\\\  live  if  thou  givest  them  powder 
and  ball;  they  will  die  if  thou  refusest.'' 

Le  Sueur  granted  them  their  request,  but  as 
the  Scioux  never  answer  on  the  spot,  especially 
in  mattereof  importance,  and  as  he  had  to  speak 
to  them  about  his  establishment  he  went  out  of 
the  lodge  without  saying  a  word.  The  chief  and 
all  those  within  followed  him  as  far  as  the  door 
of  the  fort;  and  when  he  had  gone  in,  they  went 
aroiuul  it  three  times,  crying  with  all  their 
strength,"  Atheouanan!  ■'  thatistosay,  "Father. 
have  pity  on  us;.""  [Ate  unyaupi,  means  Our 
Father.] 


The  next  day.  he  assembled  in  the  fort  the 
principal  men  of  both  villages;  and  as  it  is  not 
possible  to  subdue  the  Scioux  or  to  hinder  them 
from  going  to  war,  unless  it  be  by  inducing  them 
to  cultivate  the  earth,  he  said  to  them  that  if 
they  wished  to  render  themselves  worthy  of  the 
protection  of  the  king,  they  must  abandon  their 
erring  life,  and  form  a  village  near  his  dwelling, 
Avhere  they  would  be  shielded  from  the  insults  of 
of  their  enemies:  and  that  they  might  be  happy 
and  not  hungry,  he  would  give  them  all  the  com 
necessary  to  plant  a  large  piece  of  ground;  that 
the  king,  their  and  his  chief,  in  sending  him.  had 
forbidden  him  to  purchase  beaver  skins,  knowing 
that  this  kind  of  himting  separates  them  and  ex- 
poses them  to  their  enemies;  and  that  in  conse- 
quence of  this  he  had  come  to  establish  himself 
on  Blue  liiver  and  vicinity,  where  they  had  many 
times  assured  him  were  many  kinds  of  beasts, 
for  the  skins  of  which  he  woidd  give  them  all 
things  necessary:  that  they  ought  to  rellect  that 
they  could  not  do  without  French  goods,  and  that 
the  t)uly  way  not  to  want  them  was.  not  to  go  to 
war  with  our  allied  nations. 

As  it  is  customary  with  the  Indians  to  accom- 
pany their  word  with  a  present  proportioned  to 
the  affair  treated  of.  he  gave  them  fifty  pounds  of 
powder,  as  many  balls,  six  guns,  ten  axes,  twelve 
armsfid  of  tobacco,  and  a  hatchet  pijie. 

On  the  first  of  December,  the  ilantanlons  in- 
vited Le  Sueur  to  a  great  feast.  Of  four  of  their 
lodges  they  had  made  one.  in  which  were  one 
hundred  men  seated  around,  and  every  one  his 
dish  before  him.  After  the  meal.  AValikantape, 
the  chief,  made  them  all  sun)ke.  one  after  another, 
in  the  hatchet  pipe  which  had  been  given  them. 
He  then  made  a  present  to  Le  Sueur  of  a  slave 
and  a  sack  of  wild  rice,  and  said  to  him.  showing 
him  his  men:  •■  Behold  the  remains  of  this  great 
village,  which  thou  hast  aforetimes  seen  so  nu- 
merous! All  the  othere  have  been  killed  in  war; 
and  the  few  men  whom  thou  seest  in  this  lodge, 
accept  the  present  thou  hast  made  them,  and  are 
resolved  to  obey  the  great  chief  of  all  nations,  of 
whom  thou  hast  spoken  to  us.  Thou  oughtest 
not  to  regard  us  as  Scioux,  but  as  French,  and  in- 
stead of  saying  the  Scioux  are  miserable,  and  have 
no  mind,  and  are  lit  for  nothing  but  to  rob  and 
steal  from  the  French,  thou  shalt  say  my  breth- 
ren are  miserable  and  have-no  mind,  and  we  must 


JX IBERVILLE'S  MEMOIR  ON  THE  MISSISSIPPI  TRIBES. 


45 


try  to  procure  some  for  them.  They  rob  us,  but 
I  will  take  care  that  they  do  not  lack  iron,  that  is 
to  say,  all  kinds  of  goods.  If  thou  dost  this,  I  as- 
sure thee  that  in  a  little  time  the  Mantantons  will 
become  Frenchmen,  and  they  will  have  none  of 
those  vices,  with  which  thou  reproachest  us." 

Having  finished  his  speech,  he  covered  his  face 
with  his  garment,  and  the  others  imitated  him. 
They  wept  over  their  companions  who  had  died 
in  war,  and  chanted  an  adieu  to  their  country  in 
a  tone  so  gloomy,  that  one  could  not  keep  from 
partaking  of  their  sorrow. 

Wahkantape  then  made  them  smoke  again,  and 
distributed  the  presents,  and  said  that  he  was  go- 
ing to  the  Mendeoucantons,  to  inform  them  of  the 
resolution,  and  invite  them  to  do  the  same. 

On  the  twelfth,  three  Mendeoucauton  chiefs, 
and  a  large  number  of  Indians  of  the  same  vil- 
lage, arrived  at  the  fort,  and  the  next  day  gave 
satisfaction  for  roblung  the  Frenchmen.  They 
brought  four  hundred  pounds  of  beaver  skins,  and 
promised  that  the  summer  following,  after  their 
canoes  were  built  and  they  had  gathered  their 
wild  rice,  that  they  would  ."ome  and  establish 
themselves  near  the  French.  The  same  day  they 
returned  to  their  village  east  of  the  Mississippi. 

NAMES     or     THE    HANDS     OF     SCIOUX     or     THE 
EAST,  WITH   THEIR   SIGNIFICATION. 

Mantantons— Tliat  is  to  say.  Village  of  the 
Great  Lake  which  empties  into  a  small  one. 

Mendeouacantons — Village  of  Spirit  Lake. 

QuiOPETONS— Village  of  the  Lake  with  one 
River. 

PsiousiANiTONS— Village  of  Wild  Rice  Gath- 
erers. 

OuADEBATONs— The  River  Village. 

OuAETEMANETONS— Village  of  the  Tribe  who 
dwell  on  the  Point  of  the  Lake. 

SoNGASQUiTONs— The  Brave  Village, 

THE    SflOUX    OF   THE    AVEST. 

TouCHOTJAESiNTONS— The  Village  of  the  Pole. 

PsiNCHATONS— Village  of  the  Red  Wild  Rice. 

OU.JALESPOITONS — Village  divided  into  many 
small  Bands. 

PsiNOUTANHiNiiiNTONS  —  The  Great  Wild 
Rice  Village. 

TiNTANGAOUGHiATONS  — The  Grand  Lodge 
Village. 


OuAEPETONS — Village  of  the  Leaf. 

OuGHETGEODATONs— Dung  Village. 

OuAPEONTETONS— Village  of  those  who  shoot 
in  the  Large  Pine. 

HiNHANETONS  —  Village  of  the  Red  Stone 
Quarry. 

The  above  catalogue  of  villages  concludes  the 
extract  that  La  Ilarpe  has  made  from  Le  Sueurs 
journal. 

In  the  narrative  of  Major  Long's  second  expe- 
dition, there  are  just  as  many  villages  of  the  Gens 
du  Lac,  or  M'dewakantonwan  Scioux  mentioned, 
though  the  names  are  different.  After  leaving 
the  Mille  Lac  region,  the  divisions  evidently  were 
different,  and  the  villages  known  by  new  names. 

Charlevoix,  who  visited  the  valley  of  the  Lower 
Mississippi  in  1722,  says  that  Le  Sueur  spent  a 
winter  in  his  fort  on  the  banks  of  the  Blue  Earth, 
and  that  in  the  following  April  he  went  up  to  the 
mine,  about  a  mile  above.  In  twenty-two  days 
they  obtained  more  than  thirty  thousand  pounds 
of  the  substance,  four  thousand  of  wliich  were  se- 
lected and  sent  to  France. 

On  the  tenth  of  February,  1702,  Le  Sueur  came 
back  to  the  post  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  found 
D'Iberville  absent,  who,  however,  arrived  on  the 
eighteenth  of  the  next  month,  with  a  ship  from 
France,  loaded  with  supplies.  After  a  few  weeks, 
the  Governor  of  Louisiana  sailed  again  for  the 
old  country.  Le  Sueur  being  a  fellow  passenger. 

On  board  of  the  ship.  Dlberville  wrote  a  mem- 
orial upon  the  Mississippi  valley,  with  sugges- 
tions for  carrying  on  commerce  therein,  which 
contains  many  facts  furnished  by  Le  Sueur.  A 
copy  of  the  manuscript  was  in  possession  of  the 
Historical  Society  of  ]SIinnesota,  from  which  are 
the  following  extracts: 

"If  the  Sioux  remain  in  their  o\vn  country, 
they  are  useless  to  us,  being  too  distant.  We 
could  have  no  commerce  with  them  except  that 
of  the  beaver.  M.  Le  Sueur,  who  goes  to  France 
to  give  an  account  of  this  country,  is  the  proper  per- 
son to  make  these  movements.  He  estimates  the 
Sioux  at  four  thousand  families,  who  could  settle 
upon  the  Missouri. 

"  He  has  spoken  to  me  of  another  which  he 
calls  the  Mahas,  composed  of  more  than  twelve 
hundred  f amiUes.  The  Ayooues  ( loways)  and  the 
Octoctatas.  their  neighbors,  are  about  three 
hundred  families.    They  occupy  the  lauds  be- 


46 


EXPLOBUMS  AXn  PIOyHEES  OF  MIXXJESOTA. 


tween  the  Mississippi  and  tlie  Missouri,  about 
one  hundred  leagues  from  the  Illinois.  These 
savages  do  not  know  the  use  of  arms,  and  a  de- 
scent might  be  made  upon  them  in  a  river,  which 
is  beyond  the  Wabasji  on  the  west.    *    *    * 

"  The  Assinibouel,  Quenistinos,  and  people  of 
the  north,  who  are  upon  the  rivers  which  fall  into 
the  jMississiinii,  and  trade  at  Fort  Xelson  (Hud- 
son Bay),  are  about  four  hundred.  We  could 
prevent  them  from  going  there  if  we  wish." 

"  In  four  or  five  years  we  can  establish  a  com- 
merce with  these  savages  of  sixty  or  eighty  thou- 
sand buffalo  skins;  more  than  one  hundred  deer 
skins,  which  will  produce,  delivered  in  France, 
more  than  two  million  four  hundred  thousand 
livres  yearly.  One  might  obtain  for  a  buffalo 
skin  four  or  five  pounds  of  wool,  which  sells  for 
twenty  sous,  two  pounds  of  coarse  hair  at  ten 
sous. 

"  Besides,  from  smaller  peltries,  two  hundred 
thousand  livres  can  be  made  yearly." 

In  the  third  volume  of  the  "  History  and  Sta- 
tistics of  the  Indian  Tribes,"  prepared  mrder  the 
direction  of  the  Ct)mmissioner  of  Indian  affairs, 
by  Jlr.  Schoolcraft,  a  manuscript,  a  copy  of  which 
was  in  possession  of  General  Cass,  is  referred  to  as 
containing  the  first  enumeration  of  the  Indians  of 
the  Mississippi  Valley.  The  following  was  made 
thirty-fotir  years  earlier  by  D'Iberville: 

••The  Sioux Famihes,     4,000 

Mahas,       12.000 

Octata  and  Ayoues 300 

Canses  [Kansas], 1,500 

.Missouri, 1,500 

Akansas.  &<• 200 

Manton  [MaudanJ 100 

Panis  [Pawnee], 2,(Hi0 

Illinois,  of  the  great  village  and  Cania- 

roua  [Tamaroa] 800 

Meosigamea  [iMetchigamias] 200 

Kikapous  and  Mascoutens,       ....         450 

Miamis, 500 

Chactas, 4,000 

Chieachas, 2,000 

Mobiliens  and  Chohomes, 350 

Concaques  [Conchas], 2,000 

Ouma  [Ilonmas], 150 

Colapissa,       250 

Bayogoula, 100 

People  of  the  Fork, 200 


Couuica,  &c.  [Tonicas],   .     . 

Xadeches 

Belochy,  [Biloxi]  Pascoboula, 


300 

1,500 

100 


Total 23,850 

••  The  savage  tribes  located  in  the  places  I  have 
marked  out,  make  it  necessary  to  establish  three 
posts  on  the  Mississippi,  one  at  the  Arkansas, 
another  at  the  Wabash  (Ohio),  and  the  third  at 
the  Missouri.  At  each  post  it  would  be  proper 
to  have  an  officer  with  a  detachment  of  ten  sol- 
diers with  a  sergeant  and  corporal.  All  French- 
men should  be  allowed  to  settle  there  with  their 
families,  and  trade  with  the  Indians,  and  they 
might  estaY)lish  tanneries  for  properly  dressing 
the  buffalo  and  deer  skins  for  transportation. 

"  No  Frenchman  shall  be  allowed  to  follow  the 
Indidni!  on  their  hunttt.  as  it  tends  to  lieep  them 
hunters,  as  is  seen  in  Canada,  and  when  they  are 
in  the  woods,  they  do  not  desire  to  become  tillers 
of  the  soil.  ******* 

••  I  have  said  nothing  in  this  memoir  of  which 
I  have  not  personal  knowledge  or  the  most  relia- 
ble sources.  The  most  of  what  I  propose  is 
founded  upon  personal  reflection  in  relation  to 
what  might  be  done  for  the  defence  and  advance- 
ment of  the  colony.  ***** 
*  *  *  It  will  be  absolutely  necessary 
that  the  king  should  define  the  limits  of  this 
country  in  relation  to  the  government  of  Canada. 
It  is  important  that  the  commandant  of  the 
Mississippi  should  have  a  report  of  those  who 
inhabit  the  rivers  that  fall  into  the  ilississippi, 
and  principally  those  of  the  river  Illinois. 

•■  The  Canadians  intimate  to  the  savages  that 
they  ought  nt)t  to  listen  to  us  but  to  the  governor 
of  Canada,  who  always  speaks  to  them  with  large 
presents,  that  the  governor  of  Mississippi  is  mean 
and  never  sends  them  any  thing.  This  is  true, 
and  what  I  cannot  do.  It  is  imprudent  to  accus- 
tom the  savages  to  be  spoken  to  by  presents,  for, 
with  so  many,  it  would  cost  the  king  more  than 
the  revenue  derived  from  the  trade.  When  they 
come  to  us,  it  will  be  necessary  to  bring  them  in 
subjection,  make  them  no  presents,  and  compel 
them  to  do  what  we  wisli.  as  if  they  were  French- 
men. 

"  The  Spaniards  have  divided  the  Indians  into 
parties  on  this  point,  and  we  can  do  the  same. 
"RTien  one  nation  does  wrong,  we  can  cease  to 


PENICAVT  DESCRIBES  LIFE  AT  FORT  VHVILLIER. 


47 


trade  with  them,  and  threaten  to  draw  down  the 
hostility  of  other  Indians.  We  rectify  tlie  diffi- 
culty by  having  missionaries,  who  will  bring 
them  into  obedience  secretly. 

"  The  Illinois  and  Mascontens  have  detained 
the  French  canoes  they  find  upon  the  Mississippi, 
saying  that  the  governors  of  Canada  have  given 
them  permission.  I  do  not  know  whether  this  is 
so,  but  if  true,  it  follows  that  we  have  not  the 
liberty  to  send  any  one  on  the  Mississippi. 

"M.  Le  Sueur  would  have  been  taken  if  he 
had  not  been  the  strongest.  Only  one  of  the 
canoes  he  sent  to  the  Sioux  was  plundered."  *  *  * 
Fenicaut's  accoimt  varies  in  some  particulars 
from  that  of  La  Ilarpe's.  He  calls  theMahkahto 
Green  River  instead  of  ]31ue  and  writes:  "  We 
took  our  route  by  its  mouth  and  ascended  it  forty 
leagues,  when  we  found  another  river  falling  in- 
to tlie  Saint  Pierre,  which  we-  entered.  We 
3alled  this  the  Green  River  because  it  is  of  that 
color  by  reason  of  a  green  earth  which  loosening 
itself  from  from  the  copper  mines,  becomes  dis- 
solved and  makes  it  green. 

"  A  league  up  this  river,  we  found  a  point 
of  land  a  quarter  of  a  league  distant  from  the 
woods,  and  it  was  upon  this  point  that  M.  Le 
Sueur  resolved  to  build  his  fort,  because  we  could 
not  go  any  higher  on  account  of  the  ice,  it  being 
the  last  day  of  September.  Half  of  our  people 
went  hunting  whilst  the  others  worked  on  the 
fort.  We  killed  four  hundred  buffaloes,  which 
were  our  provisions  for  the  winter,  and  which  we 
placed  upon  scaffolds  in  our  fort,  after  havmg 
skinned  and  cleaned  and  quartered  them.  We 
also  made  cabins  in  the  fort,  and  a  magazine  to 
keep  our  goods.  After  having  drawn  up  our 
shallop  within  the  inclosure  of  the  fort,  we  spent 
the  winter  in  our  cabins. 

"  When  we  were  working  in  our  fort  in  the 
beginning  seven  French  traders  from  Canada 
took  refuge  there.  They  had  been  pillaged  and 
stripped  naked  by  the  Sioux,  a  wandering  nation 
living  only  by  hunting  and  plundering.  Among 
these  seven  persons  there  was  a  Canadian  gen- 
tleman of  Le  Sueur's  acquaintance,  whom  he  rec- 
ognized at  once,  and  gave  him  some  clothes,  as 
he  did  also  to  all  the  rest,  and  whatever  else  was 
necessary  for  them.  They  remained  with  us 
during  the  entire  winter  at  our  fort,  where  we 
had  not  food  enough  for  all,  except  buffalo  meat 


which  we  had  not  even  salt  to  eat  with.  We  had 
a  good  deal  of  trouble  the  first  two  weeks  ift  ac- 
customing ourselves  to  it,  having  fever  and  di- 
arrhoea and  becoming  so  tired  of  it  as  to  hate  the 
smell.  But  by  degrees  our  bodies  became  adapt- 
ed to  it  so  well  that  at  the  end  of  six  weeks  there 
was  not  one  of  us  who  could  not  eat  six  pounds 
of  meat  a  day,  and  drink  four  bowls  of  broth. 
As  soon  as  we  were  accustomed  to  this  kind  of 
living  it  made  us  very  fat,  and  then  there  was  no 
more  sickness. 

"  Wlien  spring  arrived  we  went  to  work  in  the 
copper  mine.  This  was  the  beginning  of  April  of 
this  year  [1701.]  We  took  with  us  twelve  labor- 
ers and  four  hunters.  This  mine  was  situated 
about  three-quarters  of  a  league  from  our  post. 
We  took  from  the  mine  in  twenty  days  more  than 
twenty  thousand  pounds  weight  of  ore,  of  which 
we  only  selected  four  thousand  pounds  of  the 
finest,  which  M.  Le  Sueur,  who  was  a  very  good 
judge  of  it,  had  carried  to  the  fort,  and  which  has 
since  been  sent  to  France,  though  I  have  not 
learned  the  result. 

'•This  mine  is  situated  at  the  beginning  of  a 
very  long  mountain,  which  is  upon  the  bank  of 
the  river,  so  that  boats  can  go  right  to  the  mouth 
of  the  mine  itself.  At  this  place  is  the  green 
earth,  which  is  a  foot  and  a  half  in  thickness, 
and  above  it  is  a  layer  of  earth  as  firm  and 
hard  as  stone,  and  black  and  burnt  like  coal  by 
the  exhalation  from  the  mme.  The  copper  is 
scratched  out  with  a  knife.  There  are  no  trees 
upon  this  mountain.  *  *  *  After  twenty-t\vo 
days'  work,  we  returned  to  our  fort.  When  the 
Sioux,  who  belong  to  the  nation  of  savages  who 
pillaged  the  Canadians,  came  they  brought  us 
merchandize  of  furs. 

••They  had  more  than  four  hundred  beaver 
robes,  each  robe  made  of  nine  skins  sewed  to- 
gether. M.  Le  Sueur  purchased  these  and  many 
other  skins  which  he  bargamed  for,  in  the  week 
he  traded  with  the  savages.  *  *  *  * 
^ye  sell  in  return  wares  which  come  very  dear  to 
the  buyers,  especially  tobacco  from  Brazil,  in  the 
proportion  of  a  hundred  crowns  the  pound;  two 
little  horn-handled  knives,  and  four  leaden  bul- 
lets are  equal  to  ten  crowns  in  exchange  for 
skins ;  and  so  with  the  rest. 

"  In  the  beginning  of  May,  we  launched  our 
shallop  in  the  water,  and  loaded  it  vnth  green 


48 


EXPLOBEBS  AND  PIOXEERS  OF  3IIXXES0TA. 


eartli  that  had  been  taken  out  of  the  river,  and 
with  the  furs  we  had  traded  for.  of  which  we  had 
three  canoes  full.  M.  Le  Sueur  before  going 
held  council  with  M.  D'Evaque  [or  Eraque]  the 
Canadian  gentleman,  and  the  three  great  chiefs 
of  the  Sioux,  three  brothers,  and  told  thepi  that 
as  he  had  to  return  to  the  sea.  he  desired  them 
to  live  in  peace  with  M.  D'Evaque.  whom  he  left 
in  command  at  Fort  L'Huillier.  with  twelve 
Frenchmen.  ^I.  Le  Sueur  made  a  considerable 
present  to  the  three  brothers,  chiefs  of  the  sava- 
ges, desiring  them  to  never  abandon  the  French. 
Afterward  we  the  twelve  men  whom  he  had  chosen 
to  go  do^Mi  to  the  sea  with  him  embarked.  In  set- 
ting out,  'M.  Tie  Sueur  promised  to  ]SI.  D'Evaque 
and  the  twelve  Frenchmen  who  remained  with 
him  to  guard  the  fort,  to  send  up  munitions  of 
war  from  the  Illinois  country  as  soon  as  he  should 
arrive  there  ;  which  he  did,  for  on  getting  there 
he  sent  off  to  him  a  canoe  loaded  with  two  thou- 
sand pounds  of  lead  and  powder,  with  three  of 
oiu"  people  in  charge."" 

Le  Sueur  arrived  at  the  French  fort  on  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico  in  safety,  and  in  a  few  weeks,  in 
the  spring  of  1701.  sailed  for  France,  with  his 
kinsman,  D"Iber\ille.  the  first  governor  of  Lou- 
isiana. 

In  the  spring  of  the  next  year  1 1702)  D"Evaque 
came  to  Mobile  and  reported  to  L>"Iber\ille.  who 
had  come  back  from  France,  that  he  had  been 
attacked  by  the  Foxes  and  Maskoutens,  who  killed  ; 
three  Frenchmen  who  were  working  near  Fort 
L"HiuUier,  and  that,  being  out  of  jHiwder  and 
lead,  he  had  been  obliged  to  conceal  the  goods 
which  were  left  and  abandon  the  post.  At  the 
"Wisconsin  River  he  had  met  Juchereau.  formerly 
criminal  judge  m  Montreal,  vrith  thirty-five 
men.  on  his  way  to  establish  a  tannery  for  buffalo 
skins  at  the  Wabash,  and  that  at  the  Illinois  he 
met  the  canoe  of  suppUes  sent  1\\'  BienviUe. 
D"Iber\'ille"s  brother. 

La  !Motte  Cadillac,  in  command  at  Detroit,  in 
a  letter  ^■ritten  on  August  31st,  1708.  alludes  to 
Le  Sueur"s  expedition  in  these  words:  ••  Last 
year  they  sent  Mr.  Boudor,  a  Montreal  merchant, 
into  the  countri.-  of  the  Sioux  to  join  Le  Su- 
eur, lie  succeeded  so  well  in  that  journey  he 
transported  thither  twenty-five  or  thirty  thous- 
and pounds  of  merchandize  ■with  which  to  trade 
in  all  the  country  of  the  Outawas.    This  proved 


to  him  an  unfortunate  investment,  as  he  has 
lieen  robbed  of  a  part  of  the  goods  by  the  Outa- 
gamies.  The  occasion  of  the  robbery  by  one  of 
our  own  allies  was  as  follows.  1  speak  with  a 
full  knowledge  of  the  facts  as  they  occurred  while 
I  was  at  ilichillimackianc.  From  time  immemo- 
rial our  allies  have  been  at  ^  ar  with  the  Siou.x, 
and  on  my  arrival  there  in  conformity  to  the  or- 
der of  M.  Frontenac,  the  most  able  man  who  has 
ever  come  into  Canada.  I  attempted  to  negotiate 
a  truce  between  the  Sioux  and  all  our  allies. 
Succeeding  in  this  negotiation  I  took  the  occa- 
sion to  turn  their  arms  against  the  Iroquois  with 
whom  we  were  then  at  war.  and  soon  after  I  ef- 
fected a  treaty  of  peace  between  the  Siou.\  and 
the  French  and  their  allies  which  lasted  two  years. 

"At  the  end  of  tha  time  the  Sioux  came,  in 
great  numbers,  to  the  villages  of  the  Miamis.  tra- 
der pretense  of  ratifying  the  treaty.  They  were 
well  received  by  the  Jiliamis,  and,  after  spending 
several  days  in  their  villages,  departed,  apparent- 
ly perfectly  satisfied  with  their  good  reception,  as 
they  certainly  had  every  reason  to  be. 

"  The  Miamis,  believing  them  already  far  dis- 
tant, slept  quietly;  but  the  SioiLX.  who  had  pre- 
meditated the  attack,  rettu-ned  the  same  night  to 
the  principal  Nillage  of  the  Miamis.  where  most 
of  the  tribe  were  congregated,  and,  taking  them 
liy  surprise,  slaughtered  nearly  three  thousand( ?) 
and  put  the  rest  to  flight.. 

••  This  perfectly  infuriated  all  tne  nations. 
The.N'  came  \nth  their  complaints,  begging  me  to 
join  with  them  and  exterminate  the  Sioux.  But 
the  war  we  then  had  on  our  hands  did  not  permit 
it.  so  it  became  necessary  to  play  the  orator  in  a 
long  harangue.  In  conclusion  I  advised  them  to 
'  weep  their  dead,  and  wrap  them  up.  and  leave 
them  to  sleep  coldly  till  the  day  of  vengeance 
should  come;"  telling  them  we  must  sweep  the 
land  on  this  side  of  the  Iroquois,  as  it  was  neces- 
sary to  exttngtiish  even  their  memory,  after  which 
the  allied  tribes  cotdd  more  easily  avenge  the 
atrocious  deed  that  the  Sioux  had  just  committed 
upon  them.  In  short,  I  managed  them  so  well 
that  the  affair  was  settled  in  the  manner  that  I 
proposed. 

■•  But  the  twentN-five  permits  still  existed,  and 
the  cupidity  of  the  French  induced  them  to  go 
among  the  SioiLX  to  trade  for  beaver.  Our  allies 
complained  bitterly  of  this,  sajing  it  was  injust- 


TRADE  FORBIDDEN  WITH  THE  SIOUX. 


49 


ice  to  them,  as  they  had  taken  up  arms  in  our 
quarrel  against  the  Iroquois,  while  the  French 
traders  were  carrying  munitions  of  war  to  the 
Sioux  to  enaljle  them  to  kill  the  rest  of  our  allies 
as  they  had  the  Miamis. 

"  I  immediately  informed  M.  Frontenac,  and  M. 
Champigny  having  read  the  communication,  and 
commanded  that  an  ordinance  be  publ  ished  at  Mon- 
treal forbidding  the  traders  to  go  into  the  country 
of  the  Sioux  for  the  purpose  of  tratBc  under  penalty 
of  a  thousand  francs  tine,  the  confiscation  of  the 
goods,  and  other  arbitrary  penalties.  The  ordi- 
nance was  sent  to  me  and  faithfully  executed. 
The  same  year  [1699]  I  descended  to  Quebec, 
having  asked  to  be  relieved.  Since  that  time,  in 
spite  of  this  prohibition,  the  French  have  con- 
tinued to  trade  with  the  Sioux,  but  not  without 
being  subject  to  affronts  and  indignities  from  our 
allies  themselves  which  brhig  dishonor  on  the 
French  name.  *  *  *  I  do  not  consider  it  best 
any  longer  to  allow  the  traders  to  carry  on  com- 
merce with  the  Sioux,  under  any  pretext  what- 


ever, especially  as  M.  Boudor  has  just  been 
robbed  by  the  Fox  nation,  and  M.  Jucheraux  has 
given  a  thousand  crowns,  in  goods,  for  the  right 
of  passage  througli  the  country  of  the  allies  tci 
his  habitation. 

"  The  alUes  say  that  Le  Sueur  has  gone  to  the 
Sioux  on  the  Mississippi;  that  they  are  resolved 
to  oppose  him,  and  if  he  offers  any  resistance  they 
will  not  be  answerable  for  the  consequences. 
It  would  be  well,  therefore,  to  give  Le  Sueur 
warning  by  the  Governor  of  Mississippi. 

"  The  Sauteurs  [Chippeways]  being  friendly 
with  the  Sioux  wished  to  give  passage  through 
their  country  to  M.  Boudor  and  others,  permit- 
ting them  to  carry  arms  and  other  munitions  of 
war  to  this  nation;  but  the  other  nations  being 
opposed  to  it,  differences  have  arisen  between 
them  which  have  resulted  in  the  robbery  of  M. 
Boudor.  Tills  has  given  occasion  to  the  Sau- 
teurs to  make  an  outbreak  upon  the  Sacs  and 
Foxes,  killing  thirty  or  forty  of  tliem.  So  there 
is  war  among  the  people." 


50 


EXPLOBESS  AND  PIOXEEBS  OF  JIIXXESOTA. 


CHAPTER  Yin. 


EVEJTTS  "WHICH  LED  TO  BtTILDIKG  FORT  BEAUHARXOIS   OX  LAKE   PEPIN. 


Be-Establishment  of  Mackinaw. — Sienr  de  Louvipny  at  Mackinaw.— De  Lignery 
at  Mackinaw. — Louvigny  Attacks  »he  Foxes. — Du  LutK's  Post  Reoccupied. — 
Saint  Pierre  at  La  Pointe  on  Lake  Superior. — Pre|urations  for  a  Jesuit  Mission 
am3n5  the  Sion.x.— U-*  Perriere  Boucher's  E.\pedition  to  Lake  Pepin.— De 
Conor  and  Guiguas.  Jesuit  Missionaries. — Visit  to  Foxes  and  Winnebagoes. — 
Wisconsin  River  Described. — Fort  Beauharnois  Built.— Fireworks  Displayed. — 
High  Water  at  Lake  Pepin.— De  Conor  Visits  Mackinaw.— Boucher^ille,  Mont- 
brun  and  Guiguas  Captured  by  Indians. — Montbrun's  Escape. — Boucherville's 
Presents  to  Indians —Exaggerated  Account  of  Father  Guiguas"  Capture. — Iris- 
patches  Concerning  Fort  Beauharnois. — Sieur  de  la  Jeiueraye. — Saint  Pierre  at 
Fort  Beauharnois. — Trouble  t>et\veen  Sioux  and  Foxes  — Sioux  Visit  Quebec. — 
De  Lusignan  Visits  the  Sioux  Oiuntry. — Saint  Pierre  Noticed  in  the  Travels 
of  Jonathan  Can-er  and  Lieutenant  Pike. 

After  the  Fox  Indians  drove  away  Le  Sueur's 
men,  in  ITOi,  from  the  ilakahto,  or  Blue  Earth 
river,  the  merchants  of  Montreal  and  Quebec  did 
not  encourage  trade  with  the  tribes  beyond  Mack- 
inaw. 

DAigreult,  a  French  oflBcer.  sent  to  inspect 
that  post,  in  the  summer  of  1708,  reported  that 
he  aiTived  there,  on  the  19th  of  August,  and 
found  there  but  fourteen  or  fifteen  Frenclmieu. 
He  also  wrote:  '•  Since  there  are  now  only  a  few 
wanderei-s  at  Michilimackinack,  the  greater  part 
of  the  furs  of  the  savages  of  the  north  goes  to  the 
English  trading  posts  on  Hudson's  Bay.  The 
Outawas  are  unable  to  make  this  trade  by  them- 
selves, because  the  northern  savages  are  timid, 
and  ^^"ill  not  come  near  them,  as  they  have  often 
been  plundered.  It  is,  therefore,  necessary  that 
the  French  be  allowed  to  seek  these  northern 
tribes  at  the  mouth  of  their  own  river,  which 
empties  into  Lake  Superior." 

Louis  de  la  Porte,  the  Sieur  De  Louvigny,  in 
1690,  accompanied  by  Nicholas  Perrot,  with  a  de- 
tachment of  one  liundred  and  seventy  Canadians 
and  Indians,  came  to  Mackinaw,  aud  until  1694 
"was  in  command,  when  he  was  recalled. 

In  1712,  Father  Joseph  J.  Marest  the  Jesuit 
missionary  wrote,  ''If  this  country  ever  needs 
M.  Louvigny  it  is  now^ ;  the  savages  say  it  is  ab- 
solutely necessary  that  he  sliould  come  for  the 
safety  of  the  country,  to  unite  the  tribes  and  to 
defend  those  whom  the  war  has  caused  to  return 
to  Michilimacinac.     ****** 


I  do  not  know  what  course  the  Potta"watomies 
will  take,  nor  even  what  course  they  will  pursue 
who  are  here,  if  ^l.  Louvigny  does  not  come,  es- 
pecially if  the  Foxes  were  to  attack  them  or  us." 

The  next  July,  il.  Lignerj-  urged  upon  the  au- 
thorities the  establishment  of  a  garrison  of  trained 
soldiers  at  Mackinaw,  and  the  Intendant  of  Can- 
ada ^vrote  to  the  King  of  France  : 

"  MichiUmackinac  might  be  re-established, 
■without  expense  to  his  Majesty,  either  by  sur- 
rendering the  trade  of  the  post  to  such  individu- 
als as  will  obligate  themselves  to  pay  all  the  ex- 
penses of  twenty-two  solcaers  and  two  officers;  to 
furnish  munitions  of  war  for  the  defense  of  the 
fort,  and  to  make  presents  to  the  savages. 

"  Or  the  expenses  of  the  post  might  be  paid  by 
the  sale  of  permits,  if  the  King  should  not  think 
proper  to  grant  an  exclusive  commerce.  It  is  ab- 
solutely necessary  to  know  the -wishes  of  the  King 
concerning  these  two  propositions :  and  as  M. 
Lignery  is  at  Michilimackmac.  it  will  not  be  any 
greater  injury  to  the  colony  to  defer  the  re-estab- 
ment  of  this  post,  than  it  has  been  for  eight  or 
ten  years  past."' 

The  war  with  England  ensued,  and  in  April, 
1713,  the  treaty  of  I'trecht  was  ratified.  France 
had  now  more  leisiu'e  to  attend  to  the  Indian 
tribes  of  the  AA'est. 

Early  in  1714,  Mackinaw  was  re-occupied,  and 
on  the  fourteenth  of  March.  1716.  an  expedition 
under  Lieutenant  Louvigny,  left  Quebec.  His 
arrival  at  Mackinaw,  where  he  had  been  long  ex- 
pected, gave  confidence  to  the  voyageurs,  and 
friendly  Indians,  and  with  a  force  of  eight  hun- 
dred men,  he  proceeded  against  the  Foxes  in 
■\Visconsin.  He  brought  with  him  two  pieces  of 
cannon  and  a  grenade  mortar,  and  besieged  the 
fort  of  the  Foxes,  which  he  stated  contained  five 
hundred  w"arriors,  and  three  thousand  men,  a 
declaration  which  can  scarcely  be  credited.  After 


DESIBE  FOB  A  N0B2HERN  BOVTE  10  THE  PACIFIC. 


51 


three  days  of  skirmishing,  he  prepared  to  mine 
the  fort,  when  the  Foxes  capitulated. 

The  paddles  of  the  birch  bark  canoes  and  the 
gay  songs  of  the  voyageurs  now  began  to  be  heard 
once  more  on  the  waters  of  Lake  Superior  and  its 
tributaries.  In  1717,  the  post  erected  by  Du 
Luth,  on  Lake  Superior  near  the  northern  boun- 
dary of  Minnesota,  was  re-occupied  by  Lt.  Ro- 
bertel  de  la  Xoue. 

In  view  of  the  trouljles  among  the  tribes  of  the 
northwest,  in  the  month  of  September,  1718,  Cap- 
tain St.  Pierre,  who  had  great  influence  with  the 
Indians  of  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota,  was  sent 
with  Ensign  Linctot  and  some  soldiers  to  re-oc- 
cupy La  Pointe  on  Lake  Superior,  now  Bayfield, 
in  the  northwestern  part  of  Wisconsin.  The 
chiefs  of  the  band  there,  and  at  Keweenaw, 
had  threatened  war  against  the  Foxes,  who  had 
killed  some  of  their  number. 

When  the  Jesuit  Charlevoix  returned  to  France 
after  an  examination  of  the  resources  of  Canada 
and  Louisiana,  he  urged  that  an  attempt  should 
be  made  to  reach  the  Pacific  Ocean  by  an  inland 
route,  and  suggested  that  an  expedition  sliould 
proceed  from  the  mouth  of  the  -Missouri  and  fol- 
low that  stream,  or  that  a  post  should  be  estab- 
lished among  the  Sioux  which  should  be  the  point 
of  departure.  The  latter  was  accepted,  and  in 
1722  an  allowance  was  made  by  the  French  Gov- 
ernment, of  twelve  hundred  livres,  for  two  Jes- 
uit missionaries  to  accompany  those  who  should 
establish  the  new  post.  D'Avagour,  Superin- 
tendent of  Missions,  in  May,  1723,  requested  the 
authorities  to  grant  a  separate  canoe  for  the  con- 
veyance of  the  goods  of  the  proposed  mission, 
and  as  it  was  necessary  to  send  a  commandant 
to  persuade  the  Indians  to  receive  the  mission- 
aries, he  recommended  Sieur  Pachot,  an  officer  of 
experience. 

A  dispatch  from  Canada  to  the  French  govern- 
ment, dated  October  14,  1723,  announced  that 
Father  de  la  Chasse,  Superior  of  the  Jesuits,  ex- 
pected that,  the  next  spring.  Father  Guymoneau, 
and  another  missionary  from  Paris,  would  go  to 
the  Sioux,  but  that  they  had  been  hindered  by  tlie 
Sioux  a  few  months  before  killing  seven  French- 
men, on  their  way  to  Louisiana.  The  aged 
Jesuit,  Joseph  J.  Marest,  who  had  been  on  Lake 
Pepin  in  J  689  with  Perrot,  and  was  now  in  ilon- 
treal,  said  that  it  was  the  wandering  Sioux  who 


had  killed  the  French,  but  he  thought  the  sta- 
tionary Sioux  would  receive  Christian  instruction. 
The  hostility  of  the  Foxes  had  also  prevented 
the  establishment  of  a  fort  and  mission  among  the 
Sioux. 

On  the  seventh  of  June,  172G,  peace  was  con- 
cluded by  De  Lignery  with  the  Sauks,  Foxes,  and 
Winnebagoes  at  Green  Bay;  and  Linctot,  who 
had  succeeded  Saint  Pierre  in  command  at  La 
Pointe,  was  ordered,  by  presents  and  the  promise 
of  a  missionary,  to  endeavor  to  detach  the  Dah- 
kotahs  from  their  alliance  with  tlie  Foxes.  At 
this  time  Linctot  made  arrangements  for  peace 
between  the  Ojibways  and  Dahkotas,  and  sent 
two  Frenchmen  to  dwell  in  the  villages  of  the 
latter,  with  a  promise  that,  if  they  ceased  to  fight 
the  Ojibways,  they  should  have  regular  trade, 
and  a  "black  robe"  reside  in  their  country. 

Traders  and  missionaries  now  began  to  prepare 
forvisithig  the  Sioux,  and  in  the  spring  of  1727 
the  Governor  of  Canada  wrote  that  the  fathers, 
appointed  for  the  Sioux  mission,  desired  a  case  of 
mathematical  instruments,  a  universal  astro- 
nomic dial,  a  spirit  level,  chain  and  stakes,  and  a 
telescope  of  six  or  seven  feet  tube. 

On  the  sixteenth  of  June,  1727,  the  expedition 
for  the  Sioux  country  left  ^Montreal  in  charge  of 
the  Sieur  de  la  Perriere  who  was  son  of  the  dis- 
tinguished and  respected  Canadian,  PieiTe  Bou- 
cher, the  Governor  of  Three  Rivers. 

La  Perriere  had  served  in  Newfoundland  and 
been  associated  with  Ilertel  de  Rouville  in  raids 
into  New  England,  and  gained  an  unenviable  no- 
toriety as  the  leader  of  the  savages,  while  Rou- 
ville led  the  French  in  attacks  upon  towns  like 
Haverhill,  Massachusetts,  where  the  Indians  ex- 
ultingly  killed  the  Puritan  pastor,  scalped  his 
loving  wife,  and  dashed  out  his  infant's  brains 
against  a  rock.  He  was  accompanied  by  his 
brother  and  other  relatives.  Two  Jesuit  fathers, 
De  Goiior  and  Pierre  Michel  Guignas,  were  also 
of  the  party. 

In  Shea's  "  Early  French  Voyages"  there  was 
printed,  for  the  first  time,  a  letter  from  Father 
Guignas,  from  the  Brevoort  manuscripts,  written 
on  May  29,  1728,  at  Fort  Beauharnois,  on  Lake 
Pepin,  which  contains  facts  of  much  interest. 

He  writes:  '•  The  Scioux  convoy  left  tlie  end 
of  Montreal  Island  on  the  16th  of  the  month  of 
June  last  year,  at  11  a.  m.,  and  reached  Michili- 


EXPLOBERS  AND  PIOXEEBS  OF  2riXNE;<iOTA. 


mackinac  tlie  '22d  of  the  mnnlh  of  July.  This 
post  is  two  Imndred  aud  fifty-one  leagues  from 
Montreal,  almost  due  west,  at  45  degrees  46  min- 
utes north  latitude. 

'•  We  spent  the  rest  of  the  month  at  this  post, 
in  the  hope  of  recei\Tng  from  day  to  day  some 
news  from  Montreal,  and  in  the  design  of 
strengthening  ourselves  against  the  alleged  ex- 
treme difficulties  of  getting  a  free  passage  through 
the  Foxes.  At  last,  seeing  nothing,  we  set  out 
on  our  march,  the  first  of  the  month  of  August, 
and.  after  seventy-three  leagues  quite  pleasant 
sail  along  the  northerly  side  of  Lake  Michigan, 
running  to  the  southeast,  we  reached  the  Bay 
[Green]  on  the  8th  of  the  same  month,  at  5:30  p. 
31.  This  post  is  at  44  degrees  43  minutes  north 
latitude. 

'•  We  stopped  there  two  days,  and  on  the  11th 
in  the  morning,  we  embarked,  in  a  very  great 
impatience  to  reach  the  Foxes.  On  the  third  day 
after  our  departure  from  the  bay.  quite  late  in 
the  afternoon,  in  fact  somewhat  in  the  night,  the 
chiefs  of  the  Puans  [AVinnebagoes]  came  out  three 
leagues  from  their  tillage  to  meet  the  French, 
with  their  peace  calumets  and  some  bear  meat  as 
a  refreshment,  and  the  next  day  we  were  received 
by  that  small  nation,  amid  several  discharges  of 
a  few  guns,  and  with  great  demonstrations. 

"  They  asked  us  with  so  good  a  grace  to  do 
them  the  honor  to  stay  some  time  with  them  that 
we  granted  them  the  rest  of  the  day  from  noon, 
and  the  following  day.  There  may  be  in  all  the 
village,  sixty  to  eighty  men.  but  all  the  men  and 
women  of  very  tall  stature,  and  well  made.  They 
are  on  the  bank  of  a  very  pretty  little  lake,  in  a 
most  agreeable  spot  for  its  situation  and  the 
goodness  of  the  soil,  nineteen  leagues  from  the 
bay  and  eight  leagues  from  the  Foxes. 

'•  Early  the  next  morning,  the  15th  of  the  month 
of  August,  the  convoy  preferred  to  continue  its 
route,  with  quite  pleasant  weather,  but  a  storm 
coming  on  in  the  afternoon,  we  arrived  quite  wet, 
still  in  the  rain,  at  the  cabins  of  the  Foxes,  a  nation 
so  much  dreaded,  and  really  so  little  to  be  dreaded. 
From  all  that  we  could  see,  it  is  composed  of 
two  hundred  men  at  most,  but  there  is  a  perfect 
hive  of  cliiUlren.  especially  boys  from  ten  to 
fourteen  years  old,  well  formed. 

'•  They  are  cabined  on  a  little  eminence  on  the 
bank  of  a  small  river  that  bears  their  name,  ex- 


tremely tortuous  or  winding,  so  that  you  are  con- 
stantly boxing  the  compass.  Yet  it  is  apparently 
quite  wide,  with  a  chain  of  hills  on  both  sides, 
but  there  is  only  one  miserable  little  channel 
amid  this  extent  of  apparent  bed,  which  is  a  kind 
of  marsh  full  of  rushes  and  wild  rice  of  almost 
impenetrable  thickness.  They  have  nothing  but 
mere  bark  cabins,  without  any  kind  of  palisade  or 
other  fortification.  As  soon  as  the  French  ca- 
noes touched  their  shore  they  ran  down  with 
their  peace  calumets,  lighted  in  spite  of  the  rain, 
and  all  smoked. 

'■  We  stayed  among  them  the  rest  of  this  day, 
and  all  the  next,  to  know  what  were  their  designs 
and  ideas  as  to  the  French  post  among  the  Sioux. 
The  Sieur  Keaume,  inten^reter  of  Indian  lan- 
guages at  the  Bay,  acted  efficiently  there,  and 
with  devotion  to  the  King's  service.  Even  if  my 
testimony.  Sir.  should  be  deemed  not  impartial.  I 
must  have  the  honor  to  tell  you  that  Rev.  Father 
Chardon.  an  old  missionary,  was  of  very  great  as- 
sistance there,  and  the  presence  of  three  mission- 
aries reassured  tliese  cut-throats  and  assassins  of 
the  Frencli  more  than  all  the  speeches  of  the  best 
orators  could  have  done. 

"  A  general  council  was  convened  in  one  of  the 
cabins,  they  were  addressed  in  decided  friendly 
terms,  and  they  replied  in  the  same  way.  A 
small  present  was  made  to  them.  On  their  side 
they  gave  some  quite  handsome  dishes,  lined  with 
dry  meat. 

On  the  following  Sunday,  17th  of  the  month 
of  August,  very  early  in  the  morning.  Father 
Chardon  set  out,  with  Sieur  Reaume,  to  return 
to  the  Bay,  and  the  Sioux  expedition,  greatly  re- 
joiced to  have  so  easily  got  over  this  difficulty, 
which  had  everywhere  been  represented  as  so  in- 
surmountable, got  under  way  to  endeavor  to 
reach  its  journey's  end. 

'•  Never  was  navigation  more  tedious  than 
what  we  subsequently  made  from  uncertainty  as 
to  our  course.  Ko  one  knew  it,  and  we  got 
astray  every  moment  on  water  and  on  land  for 
want  iif  a  guide  and  pilots.  We  kept  on,  as  it 
were  feeUng  our  way  for  eight  days,  for  it  was 
only  on  tlie  ninth,  about  three  o'clock  p.  m..  that 
we  arrived,  by  accident.  belie\ing  ourselves  still 
far  off,  at  the  portage  of  the  Ouisconsin,  which  is 
forty-five  leagues  from  the  Foxes,  counting  all 
the  twists  and  turns  of  this  abominable  river. 


SITUATION  AND  DESCBIPTION  OF  FORT  BEAUHARNOIS. 


53 


This  portage  is  half  a  league  in  length,  and  half 
of  that  is  a  kind  of  marsh  full  of  mud, 

"  The  Ouisconsin  is  quite  a  handsome  river, 
but  far  below  what  we  had  been  told,  apparently, 
as  those  who  ga\'e  the  description  of  it  in  Canada 
saw  it  only  in  the  liigli  waters  of  spring.  It  is  a 
shallow  river  on  a  bed  of  quicksand,  which  forms 
bars  almost  everywhere,  and  these  often  change 
place.  Its  shores  are  either  steep,  bare  uioiuitains 
or  low  points  with  sandy  base.  Its  course  is  from 
northeast  to  southwest.  From  the  portage  to  its 
mouth  in  the  Mississippi.  I  estimated  thirty-eight 
leagues.  The  portage  is  at  43  deg.  24  min.  north 
latitude. 

"  The  Mississippi  from  the  mouth  of  the  Ouis- 
consin ascending,  goes  northwest.  Tliis  beauti- 
ful river  extends  between  two  chains  of  high, 
bare  and  very  sterile  mountains,  constantly  a 
league,  three-quarters  of  a  league,  or  where  it  is 
narrowest,  half  a  league  apart.  Its  centre  is  oc- 
cupied by  a  chain  of  well  wooded  islands,  so  that 
regarding  from  the  heights  above,  you  would 
think  you  saw  an  endless  valley  watered  on  the 
right  and  left  by  two  large  rivers ;  sometimes,  too, 
you  could  discern  no  river.  These  islands  are 
overflowed  every  year,  and  would  be  adapted  to 
raising  rice.  Fifty-eight  leagues  from  the  mouth 
of  the  Ouisconsin,  according  to  my  calculation, 
ascending  the  ^Mississippi,  is  Lake  Pepin,  wliicli 
is  nothing  else  but  the  river  itself,  destitute  of 
islands  at  that  point,  where  it  may  be  half  a 
league  wide.  This  river,  in  what  I  traversed  of 
it,  is  shallow,  and  has  slioals  in  several  places, be- 
cause its  Ijed  is  moving  sands,  like  that  of  the 
Ouisconsin. 

"On  the  17th  of  Sei)tember,  1727,  at  noon,  we 
reached  this  lake,  ■which  had  been  chosen  as  the 
bourne  of  our  voyage.  'We  planted  ourselves  on 
the  shore  about  the  middle  of  the  north  side,  on 
a  low  point,  where  the  soil  is  excellent.  The 
wood  is  very  dense  there,  but  is  already  thinned 
in  consequence  of  the  rigor  and  length  of  the 
winter,  which  has  been  severe  for  the  chmate, 
for  we  are  here  on  the  parallel  of  43  deg.  41  inin. 
It  is  true  that  the  difference  of  the  winter  is 
great  compared  to  that  of  Quebec  and  Montreal, 
for  all  that  some  poor  judges  say. 

"  From  the  day  after  our  landing  we  put  our 
axes  to  the  wood:  on  the  fourth  day  following 
the  fort  was  entirely  finished.    It  is  a  square  plat 


of  one  hundred  feet,  surrounded  by  pickets  twelve 
feet  long,  with  two  good  bastions.  For  so  small 
a  space  there  are  large  buildings  quite  distinct  and 
not  huildled  together,  each  thirty,  thirty-eight 
and  twenty-flve  feet  long  by  sixteen  feet  wide. 

"  All  would  go  well  there  if  the  spot  were  not 
inundated,  but  this  year  [1728],  on  the  l-5th  of 
the  month  of  April,  we  were  obliged  to  camp  out, 
and  the  water  ascended  to  the  height  of  two  feet 
and  eight  inches  in  the  houses,  and  it  is  idle  to 
say  that  it  was  the  quantity  of  snow  tliat  fell 
this  year.  The  snow  in  the  vicinity  had  melted 
long  before,  and  there  was  only  a  foot  and  a  half 
from  the  8th  of  February  to  the  1.5th  of  March; 
you  could  not  use  snow-shoes. 

"  I  have  great  reason  to  think  that  this  spot  is 
inundated  more  or  less  every  year;  I  have  always 
thought  so,  but  they  were  not  obliged  to  believe 
me,  as  old  people  who  said  that  they  had  lived  in 
this  region  fifteen  or  twenty  years  declared  that 
it  was  never  overtlowed.  "We  could  not  enter 
our  much-devastated  houses  until  the  30th  of 
April,  and  the  disorder  is  even  now  scarcely  re- 
paired. 

"  Before  the  end  of  October  [1 727]  all  the  houses 
were  finished  and  furnished,  and  each  one  found 
himself  tranquilly  lodged  at  home.  They  then 
thought  only  of  going  out  to  explore  the  hills  and 
rivers  and  to  .see  those  herds  of  all  kinds  of  deer 
of  which  they  tell  such  stories  in  Canada.  They 
must  have  retired,  or  diminished  greatly,  since 
the  time  the  old  voyuyrui-it  left  the  country;  they 
are  no  longer  in  such  great  numbers,  and  are 
killed  with  difficulty. 

"  After  beating  llie  field,  for  some  time,  all  re- 
assembled at  the  fort,  and  tliouglit  of  enjoying  a 
little  the  fruit  of  their  labors.  ( )u  the  4th  of  Xo- 
vember  we  did  not  forget  it  was  the  tieneral's 
birthday.  Mass  was  said  for  him  [Beaidiarnois, 
Governor-(ieneral  of  Canada]  in  the  morning, 
and  they  were  well  disposed  to  celebrate  the  day 
in  the  evening,  but  the  tardiness  of  the  pyro- 
technists and  the  iucoiislauey  of  the  weather 
caused  them  to  postjione  the  celebration  to  the 
14th  of  the  same  month,  when  they  set  off  some 
very  line  rockets  and  made  the  air  ring  with  an 
hundred  shouts  of  Viw  le  lioij!  and  Vln  Charles 
de  Bcauhnrnois!  It  was  on  this  occasion  that  the 
wine  of  the  Sioux  was  broached;  it  was  par  ex- 


54 


EXPLOBEBS  AXB  PIOXEEBS  OF  MIXXESOTA. 


cellence.  although  there  are  no  -n-ines  here  finer 
than  in  Canada. 

•'  "What  contributed  much  to  the  amusement, 
was  the  terror  of  some  cabins  of  Indians,  who 
were  at  the  time  around  the  fort.  "When  tliese 
poor  people  saw  the  fireworks  in  the  air.  and  the 
stars  fall  from  heaven,  the  women  and  children 
began  to  take  flight,  and  the  most  courageous  of 
the  men  to  cry  mercy,  and  implore  us  very  earn- 
estly to  stop  the  surprising  play  of  that  wonder- 
ful medicme. 

'•  As  soon  as  we  arrived  among  them,  they  as- 
sembled, in  a  few  dayn,  around  the  French  fort  to 
the  number  of  ninety-five  cabins,  which  might 
make  in  all  one  hundred  and  fifty  men;  for  there 
are  at  most  two  men  in  their  portable  cabuis  of 
dressed  skins,  and  in  many  there  is  only  one. 
This  is  all  we  have  seen  except  a  band  of  about 
sixty  men.  who  came  on  the  26th  of  the  month  of 
February-,  who  were  of  those  nations  called  Sioux 
of  the  Prairies. 

"  At  the  end  of  iN'ovember,  the  Indians  set  out 
for  their  winter  quartei-s.  They  do  not.  indeed, 
go  far,  and  we  saw  some  of  them  all  through  the 
winter;  but  from  the  second  of  the  month  of 
April  last,  when  some  cabins  repassed  here  to  go 
in  search  of  them,  pie]  sought  them  in  vain,  du- 
ring a  week,  for  more  than  sixty  leagues  of  the 
Mississippi.  lie  [La  Perriere V]  arrived  yesterday 
without  any  tidings  of  them. 

"  Although  I  said  above,  that  the  Sioux  were 
alarmed  at  the  rockets,  which  they  took  for  new 
phenomena,  it  must  not  be  supposed  from  that 
they  were  less  intelligent  than  other  Indians  we 
know.  They  seem  to  me  more  so ;  at  least  they 
are  much  gayer  and  open,  apparently,  and  far 
more  dextrous  thieves,  great  dancei-s.  and  great 
medicine  men.  The  men  are  almost  all  large  and 
well  made,  but  the  women  are  very  ugly  and  dis- 
gusting, which  does  not.  however,  check  debauch- 
ery among  them,  and  is  perhaps  an  effect  of  it." 

In  the  summer  of  1728  the  Jesuit  De  Gonor 
left  the  fort  on  Lake  Pepm.  and.  by  way  of  Mack- 
inaw, returned  to  Canada.  The  Foxes  had  now 
become  very  troublesome,  and  De  Liguery  and 
Beaujeu  marched  against  their  stronghold,  to  find 
they  had  retreated  to  the  Mississippi  Eiver. 

On  the  12th  of  October.  Boucherville.  his  bro- 
ther Montbrun,  a  young  cadet  of  enterprising 
spirit,  the  Jesuit  Guignas,  and  other  Frenchmen, 


eleven  in  all.  left  Fort  Pepin  to  go  to  Canada,  by 
way  of  the  Illinois  Kiver.  They  were  captured 
by  the  Mascoutens  and  Kickapoos.  and  detained 
at  the  river  "  Au  Boeuf."  wliich  stream  was  prob- 
ably the  one  mentioned  by  Le  Sueur  as  twenty- 
two  leagues  above  the  Illinois  Kiver.  although  the 
same  name  was  g'ven  by  Hennepin  to  the  Cliip- 
pewa  Eiver.  just  below  Lake  Pepin.  They  were 
held  as  prisoners,  with  the  view  of  delivering 
them  to  the  Foxes.  The  night  before  the  deliv- 
er}' the  Sieur  Montbrun  and  his  brother  and  an- 
other Frenchman  escaped.  Montbrun.  leaving 
liis  sick  brother  in  the  Illinois  country,  joumejed 
to  Canada  and  informed  the  authorities. 

Boucher\ille  and  Guignas  remained  prisoners 
for  several  months,  and  the  former  did  not  reach 
Detroit  until  June,  1729,  The  account  of  expen- 
ditures made  during  his  captivity  is  interesting  as 
showing  the  value  of  merchandize  at  that  time. 
It  reads  as  foUows: 

"  Memorandum  of  the  goods  that  Monsieur  de 
Bouchenille  was  obliged  to  furnish  in  the  ser- 
vice of  the  King,  from  the  time  of  his  detention 
among  the  Kickapoos.  on  the  12th  of  October, 
1728,  imtU  his  return  to  Detroit,  in  the  year  1729, 
in  the  month  of  June.  On  arriving  at  the  Kick- 
apoo  village,  he  made  a  present  to  the  yoimg  men 
to  secure  their  opposition  to  some  evil  minded 
old  warriors — 
Two  barrels  of  powder,  each  fifty  pounds 

at  Montreal  price,  valued  at  the  sum  of  150  liv. 
One  hunilred  poimds  of  lead  and  balls 

making  the  sum  of 50  liv. 

Four  pomids  of  vermillion,  at  12  francs 

the  pound 48 


fr. 
fr. 
fr. 


Four  coats,  braided,  at  twenty  francs. . .     80 
Six  dozen  knives  at  four  francs  the  dozen    24 
Four  hundred  flints,  one  hundred  gun- 
worms,  two  himdred  ramrods  and  one 
hundred  and  fifty  files,  the  total  at  the 

maker's  prices 90  liv. 

After  the  Kickapoos  refused  to  deliver  them  to 
the  Eenards  [Foxes]  they  wished  some  favors,  and 
I  was  obliged  to  give  them  the  following  which 
would  allow  them  to  weep  over  and  cover  their 
dead: 

Two  braided  coats  @  20  fr.  each 40fr. 

Two  woolen  blankets  (n  15  fr 30 

One  hundred  pounds  of  powder  @  30  sous    75 
One  hundred  poimds  of  lead  @  10  sous . .    25 


BOUCUEBVILLE'S  PBESENTS  WHILE  IN  CAPTIVITY. 


65 


Two  pounds  of  vermillion  @  12  fr 24fr. 

Moreover,  given  to  the  Renaids  to  cover 
their  dead  and  prepare  them  for  peace, 

fifty  pounds  of  powder,  making 75 

One  hundred  pounds  of  lead  @  10  sous.     50 

Two  pounds  of  vermillion  (oi  12  fr 21 

During  the  winter  a  considerable  party  was 
sent  to  strike  hands  with  the  Illinois.  Given  at 
that  time  : 

Two  blue  blankets  @  15  fr 30 

Four  men's  sliirts  @  6  f r 24 

Four  pairs  of  long-necked  bottles  (a)  6  fr    24 

Four  dozen  of  knives  (o)  4  f r 16 

Gun-worms,  files,  ramrods,  and  flints,  es- 
timated      40 

Given  to  engage  tlie  Kickai)oos  to  establish 
themselves  upon  a  neigliboring  isle,  to  protect 
from  the  treachery  of  the  Eenards — 

Four  blankets,  @  15f 60f 

Two  pairs  of  bottles,  6f 24 

Two  pounds  of  vermillion,  12f 24 

Four  dozen  butclier  knives,  6f 24 

Two  woolen  blankets,  @  15f 30 

Four  pairs  of  bottles,  @  6f 24 

Four  shirts,  (a)  6f 24 

Four  dozen  of  knives,  @  4f 16 

The  Renards  having  betrayed  and  killed  their 
brothers,  the  Kickapoos,  I  seized  the  favorable 
opportunity,  and  to  encourage  the  latter  to  avenge 
themselves,  I  gave — 
Twenty-five  poundsof  powder, @  SOsous  37f.l0s. 

Twenty-five  pounds  of  lead,  @  10s I2f.lOs. 

Two  guns  at  30  livres  each 60f 

One  half  pound  of  vermillion 6f 

Flints,  guns,  worms  and  knives 20f 

Tlie  Illinois  coming  to  the  Kikapoos  vil- 
lage, I  supported  them  at  my  expense, 
and  gave  them  powder,  balls  and  shirts 

valued  at oOf 

In  departing  from  the  Kikapoos  village,  I 
gave  them  the  rest  of  the  goods  for 
their  good  treatment,  estimated  at. . . .    80f 
In  a  letter,  written  by  a  priest,  at  New  Orleans, 
on  July  12,  1730,  is  the  following  e.xaggerated  ac- 
count of  the  capture  of  Father  Guignas:    "  We 
always  felt  a  distrust  uf  the  Fox  Indians,  althougli 
they  did  not  longer  dare  to  undertake  anything, 
since  Father  Guignas  has  detached  from  their  al- 
liance the  tribes  of  the  Kikapous  and  Maskoutins. 
You  know,  my  Reverend  Father,  that,  being  in 


Canada,  he  had  the  courage  to  penetrate  even  to 
the  Sioux  near  the  sources  of  the  JMississippi,  at 
the  distance  of  eight  hundred  leagues  from  New 
Orleans  and  five  hundred  from  Quebec.  Obliged 
to  abandon  this  import.'uit  mission  by  the  unfor- 
tunate result  of  the  enterprise  against  the  Foxes, 
he  descended  the  river  to  repair  to  tlie  Illinois. 
On  the  15th  of  October  in  the  year  1728  he  was 
arrested  when  half  way  liy  the  Kickapous  and 
Maskoutins.  For  four  months  he  was  a  captive 
among  the  Indians,  where  he  had  much  to  suffer 
and  everything  to  fear.  The  time  at  last  came 
wlien  he  was  to  be  Ijiuiied  alive,  when  he  was 
adopted  by  an  old  man  whose  family  saved  his 
life  and  procured  his  liberty. 

"  Our  missionaries  who  are  among  the  Illinois 
were  no  sooner  acquainted  with  the  situation 
than  they  procured  him  all  the  alleviation  they 
were  able.  Everything  wliich  he  received  lie  em- 
ployed to  conciliate  the  Indians,  and  succeeded 
to  the  extent  of  engaging  them  to  conduct  him  to 
the  Illinois  to  make  peace  with  the  French  and 
Indians  of  this  region.  Seven  or  eight  months 
after  this  peace  was  concluded,  the  JIaskoutins 
and  Kikapous  returned  again  to  the  Illinois  coun- 
try, and  took  back  Father  Guignas  to  spend  the 
winter,  from  whence,  in  all  probability,  he  will 
return  to  Canada.'' 

In  dispatches  sent  to  France,  in  Octolier,  1729, 
by  the  Canadian  government,  the  following  refer- 
ence is  made  to  Fort  Beauhaniois  :  ■■  They  agree 
that  the  fort  built  among  the  Scioux,  on  the  bor- 
der of  Lake  Pepin,  appears  to  be  badly  situated 
on  account  of  the  freshets,  but  the  Indians  assure 
that  the  waters  rose  higher  in  1728  than  it  ever 
did  before.  AVheu  Sieur  de  Laperriere  located  it 
at  that  place  it  was  on  the  assurance  of  the  In- 
dians that  the  waters  did  not  rise  so  high."  In 
reference  to  the  absence  of  Indians,  is  the  fol- 
lovraig: 

"  It  is  very  true  that  these  Indians  did  leave 
shortly  after  on  a  liuiiting  excursion,  as  they  are 
in  tlie  habit  of  doing,  for  their  own  support  and 
that  of  their  families,  who  have  only  that  means 
of  livelihood,  as  they  do  not  cultivate  the  soil  at 
all.  M.  de  Beauhaniois  has  just  been  informed 
that  their  absence  was  occasioned  only  by  having 
fallen  in  while  hunting  with  a  number  of  prairie 
Scioux,  by  wliom  they  were  invited  to  oecompany 
them  on  a  war  expedition   against  the  Mahas, 


66 


EXPLURERU  AND  PIOXEER^i  OF  MINNEtiOTA. 


whicli  invitation  tliey  accepted,  and  returned 
only  in  tlie  month  of  July  following. 

"The  interests  of  rehgion.  of  the  service,  and 
of  the  colony,  are  involved  in  the  maintenance  of 
this  establishment,  which  has  been  the  more  nec- 
essary as  there  is  no  doubt  but  the  Foxes,  when 
routed,  would  have  found  an  asylum  among  the 
Scioux  had  not  the  French  been  settled  there, 
and  the  docility  and  submission  manifested  by 
the  Foxes  can  not  be  attributed  to  any  cause  ex- 
cept the  attention  entertained  by  the  Scioux  for 
the  French,  and  the  offers  which  the  former 
made  the  latter,  of  which  the  Foxes  were  fully 
cognisant. 

"  It  is  necessary  to  retain  the  Scioux  in  these 
favorable  dispositions,  in  order  to  keep  the  Foxes 
in  check  and  counteract  the  measures  they  might 
adopt  to  gain  over  the  Scioux,  who  will  invaria- 
bly reject  their  propositions  so  long  as  the  French 
remain  in  the  country,  and  their  trading  post 
shall  continue  there.  But.  despite  all  these  ad- 
vantages and  the  importance  of  preserving  that 
establislmient,  M.  de  Beauhamois  cannot  take 
any  steps  mitil  he  has  news  of  the  Freucli  who 
asked  his  permission  this  summer  to  go  up  there 
•with  a  canoe  load  of  goods,  and  until  assured  that 
those  who  wintered  there  have  not  dismantled 
the  fort,  and  that  the  Scioux  continue  in  the  same 
sentiments.  Besides,  it  does  not  seem  very  easy, 
in  the  present  conjuncture,  to  maintain  that  post 
unless  there  is  a  soUd  peace  with  the  Foxes;  on 
the  other  hand,  the  greatest  portion  of  the  tra- 
ders, who  applied  in  1727  for  the  estabUshment 
of  that  post,  have  withdrawn,  and  will  not  send 
thither  any  more,  as  the  ruptiue  with  the  Foxes, 
through  whose  country  it  is  necessary  to  pass  in 
order  to  reach  the  Scioux  in  canoe,  has  led  them 
to  abandon  the  idea.  But  the  one  and  the  other 
case  might  be  remedied.  The  Foxes  will,  in  all 
probability,  come  or  send  next  year  to  sue  for 
peace;  therefore,  if  it  be  granted  to  them  on  ad- 
vantageous conditions,  there  need  be  no  appre- 
hension when  going  to  the  Sioux,  and  another 
company  could  be  formed,  less  numerous  than 
the  first,  through  whom,  or  some  responsible  mer- 
chants able  to  afford  the  outfit,  a  new  treaty 
could  be  made,  whereby  these  difficulties  would 
be  soon  obviated.  One  only  trouble  remains,  and 
that  is.  to  send  a  commanding  and  sub-officer, 
and  some  soldiers,  up  there,  which  are  absolutely 


necessary  for  the  maintenance  of  good  order  at 
that  post;  the  missionaries  would  not  go  there 
without  a  commandant.  This  article,  which  re- 
gards the  service,  and  the  expense  of  which  must 
be  on  his  majesty's  account,  obliges  them  to  ap- 
ply for  orders.  They  will,  as  far  as  lies  in  their 
power,  induce  the  traders  to  meet  that  expense, 
which  will  possibly  amomit  to  1000  livres  or 
1500  li^Tes  a  year  for  the  commandant,  and  in 
proportion  for  the  officer  under  him;  but,  as  m 
the  beginning  of  an  establishment  the  expenses 
exceed  the  profits,  it  is  improbable  that  any  com- 
pany of  merchants  will  assume  the  outlay,  and 
in  this  case  they  demand  orders  on  this  point,  as 
well  as  his  majesty's  opuiion  as  to  the  necessity 
of  presersing  so  useful  a  post,  and  a  nation  which 
has  already  afforded  proofs  of  its  fideUty  and  at- 
tachment. 

'■  These  orders  could  be  sent  them  by  the  way 
of  He  Royale,  or  by  the  first  merchantmen  that 
will  sail  for  Quebec.  The  time  required  to  re- 
ceive intelligence  of  the  occurrences  in  the  Scioux 
country,  will  admit  of  their  waiting  for  these 
onlers  before  doing  anything." 

Sieur  de  la  Jemeraye.  a  relative  of  Sieiu-  de  la 
Perriere  Boucher,  with  a  few  French,  during  the 
troubles  remained  m  the  Sioux  country.  After 
peace  was  established  with  the  Foxes.  Legardeur 
Saint  Pierre  was  in  command  at  Fort  Beauhar- 
nois,  and  Father  Guiguas  again  attempted  to  es- 
tabUsh  a  Sioux  mission.  In  a  communication 
dated  12th  of  October.  1736,  by  the  Canadian  au- 
thorities is  the  followmg:  "In  regard  to  the 
Scioux,  Saint  Pierre,  who  commanded  at  that 
post,  and  Father  Guignas.  the  missionary,  have 
written  to  Sieur  de  Beauhamois  on  the  tenth  and 
eleventh  of  last  April,  that  these  Indians  ap- 
peared well  intentioned  toward  the  Frencli.  and 
had  no  other  fear  than  that  of  being  abandoned 
by  them.  Sieur  de  Beauhamois  annexes  an  ex- 
tract of  these  letters,  and  although  the  Scioux 
seem  very  friendly,  the  result  only  can  tell  whether 
this  fidelity  is  to  be  absolutely  depended  upon, 
for  the  mirestrauied  and  inconsistent  spirit  which 
composes  the  Inilian  character  may  easily  change 
it.  They  have  not  come  over  this  summer  as  yet. 
but  M.  de  la  St.  Pierre  is  to  get  them  to  do  so 
next  year,  and  to  have  an  eye  on  their  proceed- 
ings." 

The  reply  to  this  communication  from  Louis 


DE  LUtilONAN  VISITS  THE  SIOUX  COUNTRY. 


XV.  dated  Versailles,  May  10th,  1737,  was  in 
tliese  words  :  "  As  respects  the  Scioux,  according 
to  what  the  commandant  and  missionary  at  that 
post  have  written  to  Sieur  de  Beauliarnois  rela- 
tive to  the  disposition  of  these  Indians,  nothing 
appears  to  be  wanting  on  that  point. 

"  But  their  delay  in  coming  down  to  Montreal 
since  the  time  they  have  promised  to  do  so,  must 
render  their  sentiments  somewhat  suspected,  and 
nothing  but  facts  can  determine  whether  their 
fidelity  can  be  absolutely  relied  on.  But  wliat 
must  still  further  increase  the  uneasiness  to  be 
entertained  in  their  regard  is  the  attack  on  the 
convoy  of  M.  de  Verandrie,  especially  if  this  officer 
has  adopted  the  course  lie  had  informed  the 
Marquis  de  Beauliarnois  he  should  take  to  have 
revenge  therefor." 

The  particulars  of  the  attack  alluded  to  will  be 
found  in  the  next  chapter.  Soon  after  tliis  tlie 
Foxes  agam  became  troublesome,  and  the  post  on 
Lake  Pepin  was  for  a  time  abandoned  by  the 
Trench.  A  dispatch  in  1741  uses  this  language  : 
"  The  Marquis  de  Beauliarnois'  opinion  respect- 
ing the  war  against  the  Foxes,  has  been  the  more 
readily  approved  by  the  Baron  de  Longeuil, 
Messieurs  De  la  Chassaigne,  La  Corne,  de  Lig- 
nery,  LaXoue,  and  Uuplessis  -  Fabert,  whom  he 
had  assembled  at  his  house,  as  it  appears  from 
all  the  letters  that  the  Count  has  written  for  sev- 
eral years,  that  he  has  nothing  so  much  at  heart  as 
the  destruction  of  that  Indian  nation,  which  can 
not  be  prevailed  on  by  the  presents  and  the  good 
treatment  of  the  French,  to  live  in  peace,  not- 
withstanding all  its  promises. 

"  Besides,  it  is  notorious  that  the  Foxes  have  a 
secret  understanding  with  the  Iroquois,  to  secure 
a  retreat  among  the  latter,  in  case  tlie>-  be  obliged 
to  abandon  their  villages.  They  have  one  already 
secured  among  the  Sioux  of  the  praii-ies,  with 
whom  they  are  allied;  so  that,  should  they  be 


advised  beforehand  of  the  design  of  the  French 
to  wage  war  against  them,  it  would  be  easy  for 
them  to  retire  to  the  one  or  the  other  before  their 
passage  could  be  intersected  or  themselves  at- 
tacked in  their  villages." 

In  the  summer  of  1743,  a  deputation  of  the 
Sioux  came  down  to  Quebec,  to  ask  that  trade 
might  be  resumed.  Three  years  after  this,  fom- 
Sioux  chiefs  came  to  (Quebec,  and  asked  that  a 
commandant  might  Ije  sent  to  Fort  Beauharnois ; 
which  was  not  granted. 

During  the  winter  of  1745-6,  De  Lusignan  vis- 
ited the  Sioux  country,  ordered  by  the  govern- 
ment to  hunt  up  the  -'coureurs  des  hois,"  and 
withdraw  them  from  the  country.  They  started 
to  return  with  him,  but  learning  that  they  would 
be  arrested  at  Mackinaw,  for  violation  of  law, 
they  ran  away.  While  at  the  villages  of  the  Sioux 
of  the  lakes  and  plains,  the  chiefs  brought  to 
this  officer  nineteen  of  their  young  men,  bound 
with  cords,  who  had  killed  three  Frenchmen,  at 
the  Illinois.  While  he  remained  with  them,  they 
made  peace  with  the  Ojiliways  of  La  Pointe, 
with  whom  they  had  been  at  war  for  some  time. 
On  his  return,  four  chiefs  accompanied  him  to 
Montreal,  to  solicit  pardon  for  their  voung  braves. 

The  lessees  of  the  trading-post  lost  many  of 
their  peltries  that  winter  in  consequence  of  a  fire. 

Reminiscences  of  St.  Pierre's  residence  at  Lake 
I'epin  were  long  jireserved.  Carver,  in  1766,  "ob- 
served the  ruins  of  a  French  factory,  where,  it 
is  said.  Captain  St.  Pierre  resided,  and  carried  on 
a  great  trade  with  the  Nad(messies  before  the  re- 
duction of  Canada." 

Pike,  in  1805.  wrote  in  his  journal:  "  .Just  be- 
low Pt.  Le  Sable,  the  French,  who  had  driven  the 
Ilenards  [Foxesl  from  AVisconsin,  and  chased 
them  up  the  Mississippi,  built  a  stockade  on  this 
lake,  as  a  barrier  against  the  savages.  It  became 
a  noted  factory  for  the  Sioux." 


58 


EXPLOBBBS  AXD  PIOXEEBS  OF  ^^XNESOTA. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

VEKENDRYE.  THE    EXPLOKEE    OF    NOKTHEKX    MINNESOTA,    AND    DISCOVERER    OF    THE    ROCKY 

MOUNTAINS. 


Conversation  of  Verendrj-e  with  Father  De  Conor.— Parentage  and  Early  Life  — 
Old  Indian  Map  Preserved.— Verendrje's  Son  ami  Nej-licw  Exi.Iore  Pitreon 
River  and  Reach  Rainy  lake.— Father  Messayer  a  Companion.— Fort  St.  Pierre 
Established.- Lake  of  the  Woods  Reached  and  Fort  St,  Charles  Built.— De  la 
Jeiueraye's  Map.— Fort  nn  the  Assinahoiiie  River.— Verendryes  Son.  Father 
Ouiieau  and  Associates  Killed  by  Sioux,  on  Massacre  Isle,  in  Lake  of  the  Woois 
-Fort  La  Reine.— Verendrye's  Eldest  Son.  with  Others,  Reaches  the  Missouri 
River.— Discovers  the  Rocky  Mountains.— Returns  to  Lake  of  the  Woods.— 
Exploration  of  Saskatchewan  River.— Sieur  de  la  Verendrye  Jr. — Verendrye 
the  Father.  ni.vde  Captain  of  the  Order  of  St.  Louis.— His  Death.- The  Swedish 
Traveler.  Kalm.  Sotices  Veren-lrye.  — Bougainville  Describes  Verendrj-e's  Ex- 
plorations.- Legardeur  de  St.  Pierre  at  Fort  La  Reine.— Fort  Jonquiere  Estr.h- 
lished.— De  )a  Come  Succeeds  St.  Pierre  —St.  Pierre  Meets  Washington  at 
French  Crwk,  in  Pennsylvania.— Killed  in  Battle,  near  Lake  George. 


Early  in  the  year  1728.  two  travelers  met  at 
the  secluded  post  of  JIackinaw,  one  was  named 
De  Gonor,  a  Jesuit  Father,  who  with  Guignas, 
had  gone  wththe  expedition,  that  the  September 
before  had  built  Fort  Beauharnois  on  the  shores 
of  Lake  Pepin,  the  other  was  Pierre  Gualtier  Ya- 
rennes,  the  Sieur  de  la  "\'erendrye  the  commander 
of  tlie  post  on  L;ike  Xepigon  of  the  north  shore 
of  Lake  Superior,  and  a  relative  of  the  Sieur  de 
laPerriere.  the  commander  at  Lake  Pepin. 

■\'erendrye  was  tlie  son  of  Rene  Gualtier  Ya- 
rennes  who  for  twenty-two  years  was  the  cliief 
magistrate  at  Three  Rivers,  whose  flife  was  Ma- 
rie Boucher,  the  daughter  of  his  predecessor 
whom  he  had  married  when  she  was  twelve  years 
of  age.  lie  became  a  cadet  m  lb97,  and  in  1704 
accompanied  an  expedition  to  New  England. 
The  next  year  he  was  in  Xe\\-foundland  and  the 
year  follo%\-ing  he  went  to  France,  joined  a  regi- 
ment of  Brittany  and  was  in  the  conflict  at  Mal- 
plaquet  when  the  French  troops  were  defeated 
b)-  the  Duke  of  :Marlborough.  "When  he  returneil 
to  Canada  he  was  obliged  to  accept  the  position 
of  ensign  notwithstaiuUng  the  gallant  manner  in 
which  he  had  behaved.  In  time  he  became  iden- 
tified with  the  Lake  Superior  region.  ^Vhile  at 
Lake  Xepigon  the  Indians  assured  him  that  there 
was  a  communication  largely  by  water  to  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  One,  named  Oclwgachs,  drew  a 
rude  map  of  the  country,  -vihich  is  still  preserved 
among  the  French  archives.     Pigeon  River  is 


marked  thereon  Mantohavagane.  and  the  River 
St.  Louis  is  marked  R.  fond  du  L.  Superior,  and 
the  Indians  apjiear  to  have  passed  from  its  head- 
waters to  Rain)'  Lake.  Upon  the  western  ex- 
tremity is  marked  the  River  of  the  West. 

De  Gonor  conversed  much  upon  the  route  to 
the  Pacific  with  A'erendrye.  and  promised  to  use 
his  influence  with  the  Canadian  authorities  to 
advance  the  project  of  exploration. 

Charles  De  Beauharnois.  the  Governor  of  Can- 
ada, gave  Verendrye  a  respectful  hearing,  and 
carefully  examined  the  map  of  the  region  west  of 
the  great  lakes,  which  had  been  drawn  by  Ochar 
gaclis  (Otcliaga),  the  Indian  guide.  Orders  were 
soon  given  to  tit  out  an  expedition  of  fifty  men. 
It  left  Montreal  in  1731,  under  the  conduct  of  his 
sons  and  nephew  De  la  Jemera\e,  he  not  joining 
the  party  till  1733,  in  consequence  of  the  deten- 
tions of  business. 

In  the  autumn  of  1731.  the  party  reached  Rainy 
Lake,  by  the  X'antouagan,  or  Groselliers  river, 
now  called  Pigeon.  Father  Messayer.  who  had 
been  stationed  on  Lake  Superior,  at  the  Grosel- 
liers river,  was  taken  as  a  spiritual  giude.  At 
the  foot  of  Rainy  Lake  a  post  was  erected  and 
called  Fort  St.  Pierre,  and  the  next  year,  having 
crossed  Minittie,  or  Lake  of  the  Woods,  they  es- 
tablished Fort  St.  Charles  on  its  southwestern 
bank.  Five  leagues  from  Lake  Winnipeg  they 
established  a  post  on  the  Assinaboine.  An  un- 
published map  of  these  discoveries  by  De  la  .Jem- 
eraye  still  exists  at  I'aris.  The  river  Winnipeg 
called  by  them  Maurepas,  in  honor  of  the  minis- 
ter of  France  in  1734,  was  protected  by  a  fort  of 
the  same  name. 

About  this  time  their  advance  was  stopped  by 
the  exhaustion  of  supplies,  but  on  the  12tli  of 
April,  1735,  an  arrangement  was  made  for  a  sec- 
ond equipment,  and  a  fourth  son  joined  the  exi)e- 
dition. 
In  June,  1736,  while  twenty-one  of  the  expedi- 


DISCOVERY  OF  THE  ROCKY  MOUNTAINS. 


59 


tion  were  camped  upon  an  isle  in  the  Lake  of  the 

Wooils,  they  were  surprised  by  a  band  of  Sioiix 
liostile  to  the  Frencli  allies,  tlie  Cristinaux,  and 
all  killed.  Tlie  island,  upon  this  account,  is 
called  Massacre  Island.  A  few  days  after,  a 
party  of  five  Canadian  voyageurs  discovered  their 
dead  bodies  and  scalped  heads.  Father  Ouneaii, 
the  missionary,  was  found  upon  one  knee,  an  ar- 
row in  his  head,  his  breast  bare,  his  left  hand 
touching  the  gromul,  and  the  right  hand  raised. 

Among  the  slaughtered  was  also  a  son  of  \ev- 
endrye,  who  had  a  tomahawk  in  his  back,  and  his 
body  adorned  with  garters  and  bracelets  of  porcu- 
pine. The  father  was  at  the  foot  of  the  Lake  of 
the  Woods  when  he  received  the  news  of  his  son's 
murder,  and  about  the  same  time  heard  of  the 
death  of  his  enterprising  nephew,  Dufrost  de  la 
Jemeraye,  the  son  of  his  sister  Marie  Reine  de 
Varennes,  and  brother  of  Madame  Youville,  the 
foundress  of  the  Hospitallers  at  JMontreal. 

It  was  under  the  guidance  of  the  latter  that 
the  party  had,  in  1731,  mastered  the  difficulties 
of  the  Nantaouagon,  or  Groselliers  river. 

On  the  3d  of  October.  173S,  they  built  an  ad- 
vanced post.  Fort  La  Keine,  on  the  river  Assini- 
boels,  now  Assinaboine,  which  they  called  St 
Charles,  and  beyond  was  a  ))ranch  ciilled  St. 
Pierre.  Tliese  two  rivers  received  the  baptismal 
name  of  Verendrye,  which  was  Pierre,  and  Gov- 
ernor I'eauharnois,  which  was  Charles.  The  post 
became  the  centre  of  trade  and  point  of  departure 
for  explorations,  either  north  or  south. 

It  was  by  ascending  the  Assinaboine,  and  by 
the  present  trail  from  its  tributary,  Mouse  river, 
they  reached  tlie  country  of  the  Mantanes,  and  in 
1741,  came  to  the  upper  Missouri,  passed  the  Yel- 
low Stone,  and  at  length  arrived  at  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  The  party  was  led  by  the  eldest  son 
and  his  Ijrother,  the  chevalier.  They  left  the 
Lake  of  the  Woods  on  the  29th  of  April,'  1742, 
came  in  sight  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  on  the  1st 
of  January,  1743,  and  on  the  12tli  ascended  them. 
On  the  route  they  fell  in  with  the  Beaux  Hom- 
mes,  Pioya,  Petits  Renards,  and  Arc  tribes,  and 
stopped  among  the  Snake  tribe,  but  could  go  no 
farther  in  a  southerly  direction,  owing  to  a  war 
between  the  Arcs  and  Snakes. 

On  the  19th  of  May,  1744,  they  had  returned  to 
the  upper  Missouri,  and,  in  the  country  of  the 
Petite  Cerise  tribe,  they  planted  on  an  eminence 


a  leaden  plate  of  the  arms  of  France,  and  raised 
a  monument  of  stones,  which  they  called  Beau- 
harnois.  They  returned  to  the  Lake  of  the  Woods 
on  the  2d  of  July. 

Korth  of  the  Assiniboine  they  proceeded  to 
Lake  Dauphin,  Swan's  Lake,  explored  the  riv- 
er "Des  Biches,"  and  ascended  even  to  the 
fork  of  the  Saskatchewan,  which  they  called  Pos- 
koiac.  Two  forts  were  subseciuently  established, 
one  near  Lake  Dauphin  and  the  other  on  the 
river  "des  Biches,"  called  Fort  Bourbon.  The 
northern  route,  by  the  Saskatchewan,  was  thought 
to  have  some  advantage  over  the  JNIissouri,  be- 
cause there  was  no  danger  of  meeting  with  the 
Spaniards. 

Governor  Beauharnois  having  been  prejudiced 
against  Verendrye  by  envious  persons,  De  Xoy- 
elles  was  appointed  to  take  command  of  the 
posts.  During  these  difficulties,  we  find  Sieur  de 
la  \^erendrye,  Jr.,  engaged  in  other  duties.  In 
August,  1747,  he  arrives  from  Mackinaw  at  Mon- 
treal, and  in  the  autumn  of  that  year  he  accom- 
panies St.  Pierre  to  Mackinaw,  and  brings  back 
the  convoy  to  Montreal.  In  February,  1748,  with 
five  Canadians,  five  Cristenaux,  two  Ottawas,  and 
one  Sauteur,  he  attacked  the  Mohawks  near 
Schenectady,  and  retui'iied  to  Montreal  with  two 
scalps,  one  that  of  a  chief.  On  June  20th.  1748, 
it  is  recorded  tliat  Chevalier  de  la  Verendrye  de- 
parted from  Montreal  for  the  head  of  Lake  Supe- 
rior. Margry  states  that  he  perished  at  sea  in 
November,  1764,  by  the  wreck  of  the  "  Auguste." 

Fortunately,  Galissioniere  the  successor  of 
Beauharnois,  although  deformed  and  insignifi- 
cant in  appearance,  was  fair  minded,  a  lover  of 
science,  especially  botany,  and  anxious  to  push 
discoveries  toward  tlie  Pacific.  Verendrye  the 
father  was  restored  to  favor,  and  made  Captain 
of  the  Order  of  St.  Louis,  and  ordered  to  resume 
explorations,  but  he  died  on  December  6th,  1749, 
while  planning  a  tour  up  tlie  Saskatchewan. 

The  Swedisli  Professor,  Kalm.  met  him  in  Can- 
ada, not  long  before  his  decease,  and  had  inter- 
esting conversations  with  him  about  the  furrows 
on  the  plains  of  the  Missouri,  whicli  he  errone- 
ously conjectured  indicated  the  former  abode  of 
an  agricultural  people.  These  ruts  are  familiar 
to  modern  travelers,  and  may  be  only  buffalo 
trails. 

Father  Coquard,  wno  had  been  associated  with 


60 


EXFLOBEKlS  ASU  PIONEERS   OF  MINXEfiOTA. 


Verendrye.  says  that  they  firet  met  the  Mantanes. 
and  next  the  Brochets.  After  these  were  the 
Gros  ^'entres,  the  Crows,  the  Flat  Heads,  the 
Black  Feet,  and  l)og  Feet,  who  were  estabUshed 
on  the  .Missouri,  even  up  to  the  falls,  and  that 
about  thirty  leagues  beyond  they  found  a  narrow 
pass  in  the  mountains. 

Bougainville  gives  a  more  full  account:  he  says: 
"He  who  most  advanced  this  discovery  was 
the  Sieur  de  la  ^'eranderie.  He  went  from  Fort 
la  Reine  to  the  Missouri.  He  met  on  tlie  banks 
of  this  river  the  Mandans.  or  White  Beards,  who 
had  seven  villages  witli  pine  stockades,  strength- 
ened by  a  ditch.  Xext  to  these  were  the  Kinon- 
gewiniris.  or  the  Brochets,  in  three  villages,  and 
toward  the  upper  part  of  the  river  -sxere  three 
villages  of  the  Mahantas.  All  along  the  mouth 
of  the  Wabeik,  or  Shell  River,  were  situated 
twenty-three  villages  of  the  Panis.  To  the  south- 
west of  this  river,  on  the  banks  of  the  Onanarade- 
ba.  or  La  Graisse.  are  the  Hectaues  or  Snake 
tribe.  They  extend  to  the  base  of  a  chain  of 
mountains  which  rinis  north  northeast.  South 
of  tiiis  is  the  river  Karoskiou.  or  Cerise  Pelee. 
which  is  supposed  to  flow  to  California. 

••  He  found  in  the  immense  region  watered  by 
the  Missouri,  and  in  the  vicinity  of  forty  leagues. 
the  Mahantas.  the  OwiUniock.  or  Beaux  Uoni- 
mes.  four  villages;  opposite  tlie  Brochets  the  Black 
Fei  t.  three  villages  of  a  hundred  lodges  each:  op. 
posite  the  Mandans  are  the  Ospekakaei-enousques. 
or  Flat  Heals,  four  villages;  opposite  tha  Panis 
are  the  Arcs  of  Cristiuaiix.  and  I'tasibaoutchatas 
of  Assiniboel.  three  ^illages;  following  these  the 
Makesch.  or  Little  Foxes,  two  tillages;  the:  Pi- 
wassa.  or  great  talkers,  three  villages;  the  Ka- 
kokoschena,  or  Gens  de  la  Pie.  five  villages;  the 
Kiskipisounouini.,  or  the  Garter  tribe,  seven  vil- 
lages." 

Galassoniere  was  succeeded  by  Jonquiere  in 
the  governorship  of  Canada,  who  proved  to  be  a 
grasping,  peevish,  and  very  miserly  jwrson.  For 
the  sons  of  'N'erendrje  he  had  no  sympathy,  and 
forming  a  clique  to  profit  by  theii'  father's  toils. 


he  determmed  to  send  two  expeditions  toward 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  one  by  the  ^Missouri  and  the 
other  by  the  Saskatchewan. 

Father  Coquard,  one  of  the  companions  fit  Ve- 
rendrye, was  consulted  as  to  the  probabilitj'  of 
finding  a  pass  in  the  Rocky  Mountains,  through 
which  they  might,  in  canoes,  reach  the  great 
lake  of  salt  water,  perhaps  Pugefs  Somid. 

The  enterprise  was  at  length  confided  to  t«o 
experienced  oflicers,  Lamarque  de  Marin  and 
Jacques  Legardeur  de  Saint  Pierre.  The  former 
was  assigned  the  way.  by  the  Missouri,  and  to 
the  latter  was  given  the  more  northern  route; 
but  Saint  Pierre  in  some  way  excited  the  hostil- 
ity of  the  Cristinaux.  who  attempted  to  kill  him. 
and  burned  Fort  la  Reine.  His  heutenant,  Bou- 
cher de  Niver\Tlle,  who  had  been  sent  to  establish 
a  post  toward  the  source  of  the  Saskatchewan, 
failed  on  accotmt  of  sickness.  Some  of  his  men. 
however,  pushed  on  to  the  Rocky  Moimtauis. 
and  in  1753  established  Fort  Jonquiere.  Henx)" 
says  St.  Pierre  established  Fort  Bourbon. 

In  1753,  Saint  Pierre  was  succeeded  in  the 
command  of  the  posts  of  the  West,  by  de  la 
Come,  and  sent  to  French  Creek,  in  Pennsylva- 
nia. He  had  been  but  a  few  days  there  when  he 
received  a  visit  from  Washington,  just  entering 
upon  manhood,  bearing  a  letter  from  Governor 
Dinwiddle  of  Virginia,  complaining  of  the  en 
eroaclmients  of  the  French. 

Soon  the  clash  of  arms  between  France  and 
England  began,  and  Saint  Pierre,  at  the  head  of 
the  Indian  allies,  fell  near  Lake  George,  in  Sep- 
tember, 1755.  in  a  battle  with  the  English.  After 
the  seven  years'  war  was  concluded,  by  the  treaty 
of  Paris,  the  French  relinquished  all  their  posts 
in  the  X(irthwest,  and  the  work  begun  by  A'eren- 
drye.  was.  in  1805.  completed  by  Lewis  and 
Clarke ;  and  the  Xorthem  Pacific  Railway  is  fast 
approaching  the  passes  of  the  Rocky  ilountains. 
through  the  valley  of  the  Yellow  Stone,  and  from 
thence  to  the  great  land-locked  bay  of  the  ocean. 
Pugefs  Sound. 


EFFECT  OF  THE  ENGLISH  AND  FRENCH  WAB. 


61 


CHAPTER   X. 


EFFECT   OF  THE  ENGLISH  AND   FRENCH   WAR. 


English  Influence  Increasing:.— Le,  Due  Robbed  at  Lake  Superior,— St.  Pierre  at 
Mackinaw.— Escape  of  Indian  Prisoners.- La  Roude  and  Verendrye.— Influeuce 
of  Sieur  Marin. — St.  Pierre  Recalled  from  Winnipeg  Region.— Interview  with 
Washington. — Langlade  Urges  Attack  Upon  Troops  of  Braddock.— Saint  Pierre 
Killed  in  Battle.— Marin's  Boldness.— Rogers,  a  Partisan  Ranger,  Commands  at 
Mackinaw.— At  Ticonderoga.— French  Deliver  up  the  Posts  in  Canada. —Capt, 
Balfour  Takes  Possession  of  Mackinaw  and  Green  Bay.— Lieut.  Gorrrll  in  Com. 
raand  at  Green  Bay.— Sioux  Visit  Green  Bay. — Pennensha  a  French  Trader 
Among  the  Sioux. — Treaty  of  Paris. 


English  influence  produced  increasing  dissatis- 
faction among  tlie  Indians  that  were  heyoiid 
Maclvinaw.  Not  only  were  the  voyageurs  robbed 
and  maltreated  at  Sault  St.  :Marie  and  otlier  points 
on  Lake  Superior,  but  even  the  commandant  at 
Mackinaw  was  exposed  to  insolence,  and  there 
was  no  security  anywhere. 

On  the  twenty-third  of  August,  174",  Philip  Le 
Due  arrived  at  Mackinaw  from  Lake  Superior, 
stating  tliat  he  had  been  robbed  of  his  goods  at 
Kamanistigoya,  and  that  the  Ojibways  of  the 
lake  were  favorably  disposed  toward  the  English. 
The  Dahkotahs  were  also  becoming  unruly  in  the 
absence  of  French  officers. 

In  a  few  weeks  after  Le  Due's  robbery,  St. 
Pierre  left  Montreal  to  become  commandant  at 
Mackinaw,  and  Vercheres  was  appointed  for  the 
post  at  Green  Bay.  In  the  language  of  a  docu- 
ment of  the  day,  St.  Pierre  was  •'  a  very  good 
oflBcer,  much  esteemed  among  all  the  nations  of 
those  parts  ;  none  more  loved  and  feared."  On 
his  arrival,  the  savages  were  so  cross,  that  he  ad- 
vised that  no  Frenchman  should  come  to  trade. 

By  promptness  and  boldness,  he  secured  the 
Indians  who  had  murdered  some  Frenchmen, 
and  obtained  the  respect  of  the  tribes.  While 
the  three  murderers  were  being  conveyed  in  a 
canoe  down  the  St.  Lawrence  to  Quebec,  in  charge 
of  a  sergeant  and  seven  soldiers,  the  savages,  with 
characteristic  cunning,  though  manacled,  suc- 
ceeded in  killing  or  drowniing  the  guard.  Cutting 
their  irons  with  an  axe,  they  sought  the  woods, 
and  escaped  to  their  own  country.  "  Thus." 
writes  Galassoniere,  in  1748,  to  Count  Maurepas, 


was  lost  in  a  great  measure  the  fruit  of  Sieur  St. 
Pierre's  good  management,  and  of  all  the  fatigue 
I  endured  to  get  the  nations  who  siirrendered 
these  rascals  to  listen  to  reason." 

On  the  twenty-first  of  June  of  the  next  year, 
La  Ronde  started  to  La  Pointe,  and  Verendrye 
for  West  Sea,  or  Fon  du  Lac,  Minnesota. 

Under  the  influence  of  Sieur  Marin,  who  was 
in  command  at  Green  Bay  in  17.j3.  peaceful  re- 
lations were  in  a  measure  restored  between  the 
French  and  Indians. 

As  the  war  between  England  and  France  deep- 
ened, the  officers  of  the  distant  French  posts 
were  called  in  and  stationed  nearer  tlie  enemy. 
Legardeur  St.  Pierre,  was  brouglit  from  the  Lake 
Winnipeg  region,  and,  in  December,  1753,  was  in 
command  of  a  rude  post  near  Erie,  Pennsylvania. 
Langlade,  of  Green  Bay,  Wisconsm,  arrived  early 
in  July,  1755,  at  Fort  Duquesne.  Witli  Beauyeu 
and  De  Lignery.  wlio  had  been  engaged  in  fight- 
ing the  Fox  Indians,  he  left  that  fort,  at  nine 
o'clock  of  the  morning  of  the  9th  of  July,  and,  a 
little  after  noon,  came  neartlie  English,  who  had 
halted  on  the  south  shore  of  the  Monongahela, 
and  were  at  dinner,  with  their  arms  stacked.  By 
the  urgent  entreaty  of  Langlade,  the  western 
lialf-breed,  Beauyeu,  tlie  officer  in  command  or- 
dered an  attack,  and  Braddock  was  overwhelmed, 
and  Washington  was  obliged  to  say,  "  We  have 
been  beaten,  shamefully  beaten,  by  a  handful  of 
Frenchmen." 

Under  Baron  Dieskau.  St,  Pierre  commanded 
the  Indians,  in  September,  1755,  during  the  cam- 
paign near  Lake  George,  wliere  he  fell  gallantly 
fighting  the  English,  as  did  his  commander. 
The  Eev,  Claude  Coquard,  alluding  to  the  French 
defeat,  m  a  letter  to  Ids  brother,  remarks: 

'•  We  lost,  on  that  occasion,  a  brave  officer,  M, 
de  St,  Pierre,  and  had  his  advice,  as  well  as  that 
of  several  other  Canadian  officers,  been  followed. 
Jonckson  [Johnson]  was  irretrievably  destroyed. 


EXPLOBERS  AXD  PIOXEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


and  we  should  have  been  spared  the  trouble  we 
have  had  this  year." 

Other  officers  who  had  been  stationed  on  the 
borders  of  Minnesota  also  distinguished  them- 
selves durmg  the  French  war.  The  Marquis 
ilontcalm,  in  camp  at  Ticonderoga,  on  the  twen- 
ty-seventh of  July.  1757,  writes  to  Vaudreuil, 
Governor  of  Canada: 

"  Lieutenant  Marin,  of  the  Colonial  troops,  who 
has  exhiViited  a  rare  audacity,  did  not  consider 
himself  bound  to  halt,  although  his  detachment 
of  about  four  himdred  men  was  reduced  to  about 
two  hxmdred,  the  balance  having  been  sent  back 
on  accoimt  of  inability  to  follow.  He  carried  off 
a  patrol  of  ten  men,  and  swept  away  an  ordinary 
guard  of  fifty  like  a  wafer;  went  up  to  the  en- 
emy's camp,  under  Fort  Lydias  (Edward),  where 
he  was  exposed  to  a  severe  fire,  and  retreated  like 
a  warrior.  He  was  unwUling  to  amuse  himself 
making  prisoners;  he  brought  in  only  one,  and 
thirty-two  scalps,  and  must  have  killed  many  men 
of  the  enemy,  in  the  midst  of  whose  ranks  it  was 
neither  -wise  nor  prudent  to  go  in  search  of  scalps. 
The  Indians  generally  all  behaved  well.  *  *  * 
The  Outaouais.  who  arrived  with  me.  and  whom 
I  designed  to  go  on  a  scouting  party  towards  the 
lake,  had  conceived  a  project  of  administering  a 
corrective  to  the  English  barges.  *  *  *  On 
the  day  before  yesterday,  your  brother  formed  a 
detachment  to  accompany  them.  I  arrived  at  his 
camp  on  the  evening  of  the  same  day.  Lieuten- 
ant de  Corbiere.  of  the  Colonial  troops,  was  re- 
turning, in  consequence  of  a  misimderstanding. 
and  as  I  knew  the  zeal  and  intelligence  of  that 
oflBcer,  I  made  him  set  out  with  a  new  instruc- 
tion to  join  Messrs  de  Langlade  and  Ilertel  de 
Chantly.  Tliey  remained  ui  ambush  all  day  and 
night  yesterday;  at  Ijreak  of  day  the  English  ap- 
peared on  Lake  St.  Sacrament,  to  the  number  of 
twenty-two  barges,  imder  the  command  of  Sieur 
Parker.  The  whoops  of  oiu"  Indians  impressed 
them  with  such  terror  that  they  made  but  feeble 
resistance,  and  only  two  barges  escaped."' 

After  De  Corbiere "s  victory  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  a  large  French  army  was  collected  at  Ti- 
conderoga. with  which  there  were  many  Indians 
from  the  tribes  of  the  Northwest,  and  the  loways 
appeared  for  the  first  time  in  the  east. 

It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  tlie  English  offi- 
cers who  were  in  frequent  engagements  with  St. 


Pierre,  Lusignan,  Marin,  Langlade,  and  others, 
became  the  pioneers  of  the  British,  a  few  yeare 
afterwards,  in  the  occupation  of  the  outposts  of 
the  lakes,  and  in  the  exploration  of  Mmnesota. 

Kogers,  the  celebrated  captain  of  rangers,  sub- 
sequently commander  of  ^Mackinaw,  and  Jona- 
than Carver,  the  first  British  explorer  of  Minne- 
sota, were  Vioth  on  duty  near  Lake  Champlam,  the 
latter  narrowly  escaping  at  the  battle  of  Fort 
George. 

On  Christmas  eve.  17.57,  Rogers  approached 
Fort  Ticonderoga.  to  fire  the  outhouses,  but  was 
prevented  by  discharge  of  the  cannons  of  the 
Fren  h. 

He  contented  himself  with  killing  fifteen  beeves, 
on  the  horns  of  one  of  whicli  he  left  this  laconic 
and  amusmg  note,  addressed  to  the  commander 
of  the  post: 

■•  I  am  obliged  to  you.  Sir,  for  the  repose  you 
have  allowed  me  to  take;  I  thank  you  for  the  fresh 
meat  you  have  sent  me.  I  request  you  to  present 
my  compliments  to  the  Marqius  du  Montcalm." 

On  the  thirteenth  of  March,  1758,  Durantaj-e, 
formerly  at  Macldnaw.  had  a  skirmish  -nith  Rog- 
ers. Both  had  been  trained  on  the  frontier,  and 
they  met  "  as  Greek  met  Greek."'  The  conflict 
was  fierce,  and  the  French  victorious.  The  Li- 
dian  allies,  finding  a  scalp  of  a  chief  imdemeath 
an  offlcer"s  jacket,  were  furious,  and  took  one 
hundred  and  fourteen  scalps  in  return.  AMien 
the  French  returned,  they  supposed  that  Captain 
Rogers  was  among  the  killed. 

At  Quebec,  when  Montcalm  and  "Wolfe  fell, 
there  were  Ojibways  present  assisting  the  French 

The  Indians,  returning  from  the  expeditions 
against  the  English,  were  attacked  with  small- 
pox, and  many  died  at  3ilackinaw, 

On  the  eighth  of  September,  1760,  the  French 
delivered  up  all  their  posts  in  Canada.  A  few 
days  after  the  capitidation  at  ^lontreal,  ^lajor 
Rogers  was  sent  with  English  troops,  to  garrison 
the  posts  of  the  distant  Northwest. 

On  the  eighth  of  September.  1761,  a  year  after 
the  surrender,  Captam  Balfour,  of  the  eightieth 
regiment  of  the  British  army,  left  Detroit,  ^nth 
a  detachment  to  take  possession  of  the  French 
forts  at  ^lackinaw  and  Green  Bay.  Twenty-five 
soldiers  were  left  at  Mackinaw,  in  command  of 
Lieutenant  Leslie,  and  the  rest  sailed  to  Green 
1  Bay,   under    Lieutenant  Gorrell  of    the  Royal 


PENNENSIIA  WHITES  A  LETTER  FOR  THE  SIOUX. 


63 


Americans,  where  they  arrived  on  the  twelfth  of 
October.  The  fort  had  been  abandoned  for  sev- 
eral years,  and  was  in  a  dilapidated  condition. 
In  charge  of  it  there  was  left  a  lieutenant,  a  cor- 
poral, and  fifteen  soldiers.  Two  English  traders 
arrived  at  the  same  time,  JNIt-Kay  from  Albany, 
and  Goddard  from  Montreal. 

Gorrell  in  his  journal  alludes  to  the  Mimiesota 
Sioux.    He  writes — 

"  On  March  1, 1763,  twelve  warriors  of  the  Sous 
came  here.  It  is  certainly  the  greatest  nation  of 
Indians  ever  yet  found.  Not  above  two  thousand 
of  them  were  ever  armed  with  firearms ;  the  rest 
depending  entirely  on  bows  and  arrows,  which 
they  use  with  more  skiU  than  any  other  Indian 
nation  in  America.  They  can  shoot  the  wildest 
and  largest  beasts  in  the  woods  at  seventy  or  one 
hundred  yards  distant.  They  are  remarkable  for 
their  dancing,  and  the  other  nations  take  the 
fashions  from  them.  *****  Tliis  nation 
is  always  at  war  with  the  Chippewas,  those  who 
destroyed  Mishamakinak.  They  told  me  with 
warmth  that  if  ever  the  Chippewas  or  any  other 
Indians  wished  to  obstruct  the  passage  of  the 
traders  coming  up,  to  send  them  word,  and  they 
would  come  and  cut  them  off  from  the  face  of 
the  earth  ;  as  all  Indians  were  their  slaves  or  dogs. 
I  told  them  I  was  glad  to  see  them,  and  Imped  to 
have  a  lasting  peace  with  them.  They  then  gave 
me  a  letter  wrote  in  French,  and  two  belts  of 
wampum  from  their  king,  in  which  he  expressed 
great  joy  on  hearing  of  there  being  English  at 
his  post.  The  letter  ■was  written  by  a  French 
trader  whom  I  had  allowed  to  go  among  them 
last  fall,  with  a  promise  of  his  behaving  well ; 
which  he  did,  better  than  any  Canadian  I  ever 
knew.  *****  With  regard  to  traders,  I 
would  not  allow  any  to  go  amongst  them,  as  I 


then  understood  they  lay  out  of  the  government 
of  Canada,  but  made  no  doubt  tliey  would  liave 
traders  from  the  Mississippi  in  the  spring.  Tliey 
went  away  extremely  well  pleased.  June  14th, 
1763,  the  traders  came  down  from  the  Sack  coun- 
try, and  confirmed  tlie  news  of  Landsing  and  liis 
son  being  killed  by  the  French.  There  came  with 
the  traders  some  Puans,  and  four  young  men  with 
one  chief  of  the  Avoy  [loway]  nation,  to  demand 
traders.    ***** 

"  On  the  nineteenth,  a  deputation  of  Wtnneba- 
goes,  Sacs,  Foxes  and  Menominees  arrived  with 
a  Frenchman  named  Pennensha.  Tliis  Pennen- 
sha  is  the  same  man  who  wrote  the  letter  the 
Sous  brought  with  them  in  French,  and  at  the 
same  time  held  council  with  that  great  nation  in 
favour  of  the  Englisli,  by  which  he  much  promo- 
ted the  interest  of  the  latter,  as  appeared  Ijy  the 
behaviour  of  the  Sous.  He  brought  with  him  a 
pipe  from  the  Sous,  desiring  that  as  the  road  is 
now  clear,  they  would  by  no  means  allow  the 
Chippewas  to  obstruct  it,  or  give  tlie  English  any 
disturbance,  or  prevent  the  traders  from  coming 
up  to  them.  If  they  did  so  they  would  send  all 
their  warriors  and  cut  them  off." 

In  July,  1763,  there  arrived  at  Green  Bay, 
Bruce,  Fisher;  and  Roseboom  of  Albany,  to  en- 
gage in  the  Indian  trade. 

By  the  treaty  of  Paris  of  1763,  France  ceded  to 
Great  Britain  all  of  the  country  east  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, and  to  Spain  the  whole  of  Louisiana,  so 
that  the  latter  power  for  a  time  held  tlie  ^\•hole 
region  between  the  Mississippi  River  and  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  and  that  portion  of  the  city  of  Min- 
neapolis known  as  the  East  Division  was  then 
governed  by  the  British,  while  the  West  Division 
was  subject  to  the  Spanish  code. 


64 


EXPLOREliS  A^'IJ  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOIA. 


CHAPTER  XI. 


JONATHAN  CARVER,  THE  FIRST  BRITISH  TRAVELER   AT  FALLS  OF  SAINT   ANTHONY. 


Carver's  Early  Life.— In  the  Battle  near  Lake  George.— Arrives  at  Mackinaw.— 
Old  Fort  at  Green  Bay.— Winneliago  Village.— Descrijitioii  ol"  Prairie  da  Cliien. 
Earthworks  on  Banks  of  Lake  Pepin.— Sioux  Bands  Described.— Cave  and 
Burial  Place  m  Suburbs  of  St.  Paul.— Tbe  Falls  of  Saint  Anthony.— Burial 
Rites  of  tLe  Sioux.— Speech  of  A  Sioux  Chief.— Schiller's  Poein  of  the  Death 
Song. — Sir  John  Herschel's  Translation,— Sir  E.  Buhver  Lytton's  Version.— 
Correspondence  of  Sir  William  Johnson  —Carver's  Project  for  Opening  a  Route 
to  the  Pacific— Supposed  Origin  of  tlic  Sioux.— Cari-er's  Claim  to  Lands  Ex- 
amined.—Alleped  Deed.— Testimony  of  Rev.  Samuel  Peters.— Communication 
from  Gen.  Leavenworth.— Report  of  U.  S.  Senate  Committee. 

Jonathan  Carver  was  a  native  of  Connecticut 
His  grandt'atlier,  "William  Carver,  was  a  native  of 
AVigan,  Lancashire,  England,  and  a  captain  in 
King  William's  army  during  the  campaign  in 
Ireland,  and  for  meritorious  services  received  an 
appointment  as  an  ollicer  of  the  colony  of  Con- 
necticut. 

His  father  was  a  justice  of  the  peace  in  the 
new  world,  and  in  1732,  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  bom.  At  the  early  age  of  fifteen  he  was 
called  to  mourn  the  death  of  his  father.  He  then 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine,  but  his  roving 
disposition  could  not  bear  the  confines  of  a  doc- 
tor's office,  and  feeling,  perhaps,  that  bis  genius 
would  be  cramped  by  pestle  and  mortar,  at  the 
age  of  eighteen  he  purchased  an  ensign's  commis- 
sion in  one  of.  the  regiments  raised  during  the 
French  war.  He  was  of  medium  stature,  and  of 
strong  mind  and  quick  perceptions. 

In  the  year  1757,  he  was  captain  under  Colonel 
M'illiams  in  the  battle  near  Lake  George,  where 
Saint  Pierre  was  killed,  and  narrowly  escaped 
with  his  life. 

After  the  peace  of  17(53,  between  France  and 
England  was  declared.  Carver  conceived  the  pro- 
ject of  exploring  the  Xorthwest.  Leaving  Boston 
in  the  month  of  June.  ITtiii,  he  arrived  at  Macki- 
naw, then  the  most  distant  British  post,  in  the 
month  of  August.  Having  obtained  a  credit  on 
some  French  and  English  traders  from  Major 
Rogers,  the  officer  in  command,  he  started  with 
them  on  the  third  day  of  September.  Pursuing 
the  usual  route  to  Cireeu  Bay,  they  arrived  there 
on  the  eighteenth. 


The  French  fort  at  that  time  was  standing, 
though  much  decayed.  It  was,  some  years  pre- 
vious to  his  arrival,  garrisoned  for  a  short  time 
by  an  officer  and  thirty  English  soldiers,  but  they 
having  been  captured  by  the  Menominees,  it  was 
abandoned. 

In  comjiany  with  the  traders,  he  left  Green 
Bay  on  the  twentieth,  and  ascending  Fox  river, 
arrived  on  the  twenty-fifth  at  an  island  at  the 
east  end  of  Lake  Winnebago,  containing  about 
fifty  acres. 

Here  he  found  a  A\'iunebago  village  of  fifty 
houses.  He  asserts  that  a  woman  was  in  author- 
ity. In  the  month  of  October  the  party  was  at 
the  portage  of  the  Wisconsin,  and  descending 
that  stream,  they  arrived,  on  the  ninth  at  a  town 
of  the  Sauks.  While  here  he  visited  some  lead 
mines  about  fifteen  miles  distant.  An  abimd.uice 
of  lead  was  also  seen  in  the  village,  that  had  been 
brought  from  the  mines. 

On  the  tenth  they  arrived  at  the  first  village  of 
the  "  Ottigaumies"  [Foxes]  about  five  miles  be- 
fore the  Wisconsin  joins  the  Mississippi,  he  per- 
ceived the  remnants  of  another  village,  and 
learned  that  it  had  been  deserted  about  thirty 
years  before,  and  that  the  inhiibitants  soon  after 
their  removal,  built  a  town  on  the  Mississippi, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  "  Ouisconsin,"  at  a  place 
called  by  the  French  La  Prairie  les  Chiens,  which 
signified  the  Dog  Plains.  It  was  a  large  town, 
and  contained  about  three  himdred  families. 
Tlie  houses  were  built  after  the  Indian  manner, 
and  pleasantly  situated  on  a  dry  rich  soil. 

He  saw  here  many  houses  of  a  good  size  and 
shape.  Tl<is  town  was  the  great  mart  where  all 
tlie  adjacent  tribes,  and  where  those  who  inhabit 
the  most  remote  branches  of  the  Mississippi,  an- 
nually assemble  about  the  latter  end  of  ISIay, 
bringing  with  them  their  furs  to  dispose  of  to  the 
traders.  But  it  is  not  always  that  they  conclude 
their  sale  here.     This  was  determined  by  a  gen 


SUPPOSED  FORTIFICATIONS  NEAR  LAKE  PEPIN. 


6i5 


eral  council  of  the  chiefs,  who  consulted  whether 
it  would  be  more  conducive  to  their  interest  to 
sell  their  goods  at  this  place,  or  to  carry  them 
on  to  Louisiana  or  Mackinaw. 

At  a  small  stream  called  Yellow  River,  oppo- 
site Prairie  du  Chien,  the  traders  who  had  thus 
far  accompanied  Carver  took  up  their  residence 
for  the  whiter. 

From  this  point  he  proceeded  in  a  canoe,  with 
a  Canadian  voyageur  and  a  Mohawk  Indian  as 
companions.  Just  before  reaching  Lake  Pepin, 
while  his  attendants  were  one  day  preparing  din- 
ner, he  walked  out  and  was  struck  with  the  pecu- 
liar appearance  of  the  surface  of  the  country,  and 
thouglit  it  was  the  site  of  some  vast  artificial 
earth- work.  It  is  a  fact  worthy  of  remembrance, 
that  he  was  the  first  to  call  the  attention  of  the 
civilized  world  to  the  existence  of  ancient  monu- 
ments in  the  Mississippi  valley.  We  give  his  own 
description : 

'•  On  tlie  first  of  November  I  reached  Lake 
Pepin,  a  few  miles  below  wliich  I  landed,  and, 
whilst  the  servants  were  preparing  my  dinner,  I 
ascended  the  bank  to  view  the  country.  I  had 
not  proceeded  far  before  I  came  to  a  fine,  level, 
open  plain,  on  whicli  I  perceived,  at  a  little  dis- 
tance, a  partial  elevation  that  had  the  appearance 
of  entrenchment.  On  a  nearer  inspection  I  had 
greater  reason  to  suppose  that  it  had  really  been 
hitended  for  this  many  centuries  ago.  Notwith- 
standing it  was  now  covered  with  grass,  I  could 
plainly  see  that  it  liad  once  been  a  breastw(u-k  of 
about  four  feet  in  heiglit,  extending  the  liest  part 
of  a  mile,  and  sntticieutly  capacious  to  cover  five 
thousand  men.  Its  form  was  somewhat  circidar 
and  its  flanks  reached  to  the  river. 

"  Though  much  defaced  by  time,  every  angle 
was  distinguishable,  and  appeared  as  regular  and 
fashioned  with  as  much  military  skill  as  if  planned 
by  Vauban  himself.  The  ditch  was  not  visible, 
but  I  thought,  on  examining  more  curiously,  that 
I  could  perceivfe  there  certainly  had  been  one. 
From  its  situation,  also,  I  am  convinced  that  it 
must  have  l)een  designed  for  that  purpose.  It 
fronted  the  country,  and  the  rear  was  covered  by 
the  river,  nor  was  there  any  rising  ground  for  a 
considerable  way  that  commanded  it ;  a  few 
straggUng  lakes  were  alone  to  be  seen  near  it. 
In  many  places  small  tracks  were  worn  across  it 
by  the  feet  of  the  elks  or  deer,  and  from  the  depth 


of  the  bed  of  earth  by  which  it  was  covered,  I  was 
able  to  draw  certain  conclusions  of  its  great  anti- 
quity. I  examined  all  the  angles,  and  every  part 
with  great  attention,  and  have  often  blamed  my- 
self since,  for  not  encamping  on  the  spot,  and 
drawing  an  exact  plan  of  it.  To  show  that  this 
description  is  not  the  offspring  of  a  heated  imag- 
ination, or  the  chimerical  tale  of  a  mistaken  trav- 
eler, I  find,  on  inquiry  since  my  return,  that 
Mons.  St.  Pierre,  and  several  traders  have  at  dif- 
ferent times,  taken  notice  of  similar  appearances, 
upon  which  they  have  formed  tlie  same  conjec- 
tures, but  without  examining  them  so  minutely 
as  I  did.  How  a  work  of  this  kind  could  exist  in 
a  country  that  lias  hitherto  (according  to  the  gen- 
erally received  opinion)  been  the  seat  of  war  to 
untutored  Indians  alone,  wliose  wliole  stock  of 
military  knowledge  has  only,  till  witliin  two  cen- 
turies, amounted  to  drawing  the  bow,  and  whose 
only  breastwork  even  at  present  is  the  thicket,  I 
know  not.  I  have  given  as  exact  an  account  as 
possible  of  this  singular  appearance,  and  leave  to 
future  explorers  of  those  distant  regions,  to  dis- 
cover whether  it  is  a  production  of  nature  or  art. 
Perhaps  the  hints  I  liave  here  given  might  lead 
to  a  more  perfect  investigation  of  it,  and  gi\e  us 
very  different  ideas  of  the  ancient  state  of  realms 
that  we  at  present  believe  to  have  been,  from  the 
earliest  period,  only  the  habitations  of  savages." 

Lake  Pepin  excited  his  admiration,  as  it  has 
that  of  every  traveler  since  his  day,  and  here  he 
remarks:  "  I  observed  the  ruins  of  a  French  fac- 
tory, where  it  is  said  Captain  St.  Pierre  resided, 
and  carried  on  a  very  great  trade  with  the  Nau- 
dowessies,  before  tlie  reduction  of  Canada." 

Carver's  first  acquaintance  with  the  Dahkotahs 
commenced  near  the  river  St.  Croix.  It  would 
seem  that  the  erection  of  trading  posts  on  Lake 
Pepin  had  enticed  them  from  their  old  residence 
on  Rum  river  and  ^lille  Lacs. 

He  says:  "Near  the  river  St.  Croix  reside 
bands  of  the  Naudowessie  Indians,  caUed  the 
River  Bands.  This  nation  is  composed  at  pres- 
ent of  eleven  bands.  They  were  origmally 
twelve,  but  the  Assinipoils,  some  years  ago,  re- 
volting and  separating  themselves  from  the  oth- 
ers, there  remain  at  this  time  eleven.  Those  I 
met  here  are  termed  the  River  Bands,  because 
they  chiefly  dwell  near  the  banks  of  this  river; 
the  other  eight  are  generally  cUstinguished  by  the 


66 


EXPLOBEBS  AKD  PIOXEEBS  OF  MIXNESOIA. 


title  of  Xadowessies  of  the  Plains,  and  inhabit  a 
comitry  more  to  the  westward.  The  names  of 
the  former  are  Xehogatawonahs,  the  Mawtaw- 
bauntowahs,  and  Shashweentowahs. 

AiTiving  at  what  is  now  a  subirrb  of  the  cap- 
ital of  Mmnesota,  he  continues:  ■■About  thir- 
teen miles  below  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthonj-,  at 
which  I  arrived  the  tenth  day  after  I  left  Lake 
Pepiu.  is  a  remarkable  cave,  of  an  amazuig  depth. 
The  lufhans  tei^m  it  'Wakon-teebe  [Wakan-tipil. 
The  entrance  into  it  is  about  ten  feet  wide,  the 
height  of  it  five  feet.  The  arch  within  is  fifteen 
feet  liigh  and  about  thirty  feet  broad:  the  bottom 
consists  of  line,  clear  sand.  About  thirty  feet 
from  the  entrance  begins  a  lake,  the  water  of 
which  is  transparent,  and  extends  to  an  unsearch- 
able distance,  for  the  darkness  of  the  cave  pre- 
ents  all  attempts  to  acquire  a  knowledge  of  it.] 
I  threw  a  small  pebble  towards  the  nterior  part 
of  it  with  my  utmost  strength.  I  could  hear  that 
it  fell  into  the  water,  and.  uotwithstandiug  it  was 
of  a  small  size,  it  caused  au  astouisliuig  and  ter- 
rible noise,  that  reverberated  through  all  those 
gloomy  regions.  I  found  in  this  cave  many  In- 
dian hieroglyphics,  which  appeared  very  ancient. 
for  time  had  nearly  covered  them  with  moss,  so 
that  it  was  with  difficulty  I  could  trace  them. 
They  were  cut  in  a  rude  mamier  upon  the  inside 
of  the  wall,  which  was  composed  of  a  stone  so  ex- 
tremely soft  that  it  might  be  easily  penetrated 
with  a  knife:  a  stone  ever\"\vhere  to  be  foimd 
near  the  Mississippi. 

'•  At  a  little  distance  from  tliis  dreary  cavern, 
is  the  burjing-place  of  several  bands  of  the  Xau- 
dowessie  Indians.  Though  these  people  have  no 
fixed  residence,  being  in  tents,  and  seldom  but  a 
few  months  in  pne  spot,  yet  they  always  bring 
the  bones  of  the  dea'd  to  this  place. 

"  Ten  miles  below  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony, 
the  river  St.  Pierre,  called  by  the  natives  Wada- 
paw  Menesotor,  f aUs  into  the  Mississippi  from  the 
west.  It  is  not  mentioned  by  Father  Ilennepm. 
though  a  large,  fair  river.  This  omission,  I  con- 
sider, must  have  proceeded  from  a  small  island 
[Pike's]  that  is  situated  exactly  in  its  entrance.'" 

AVTien  he  reached  the  ^liimesota  river,  the  ice 
became  so  troublesome  that  he  left  liis  canoe  m 
the  neighborhood  of  what  is  now  St.  Anthony, 
and  walked  to  St.  Anthony,  in  company  ■«ith  a 
yomig  AVinnebago  chief,  who  had  never  seen  the 


curling  waters.  The  chief,  on  reachmg  the  emi- 
nence some  distance  below  Cheever's,  began  to 
invoke  his  gods,  and  offer  oblations  to  the  spirit 
in  the  waters. 

"In  the  middle  of  the  Falls  stands  a  small 
island,  about  forty  feet  broad  and  somewhat  lon- 
ger, on  which  grow  a  few  cragged  hemlock  and 
spnice  trees,  and  about  half  way  between  this 
island  and  the  eastern  shore  is  a  rock,  lying  at 
the  very  edge  of  the  Falls,  in  an  oblique  position, 
that  appeared  to  be  about  five  or  six  feet  broatl, 
and  tliirty  or  forty  long.  At  a  little  distance  be- 
low the  Falls  stands  a  small  island  of  about  an 
acre  and  a  half,  on  which  grow  a  great  niunber  of 
oak  trees." 

From  this  description,  it  would  appear  that  the 
little  island.  no«  some  distance  below  the  Falls, 
was  once  in  the  very  midst,  and  shows  that  a  con- 
stant recession  has  been  going  on.  and  that  in 
ages  long  past  they  were  not  far  from  the  Minne- 
sota river. 

Ko  description  is  more  glowing  than  Carver's 
of  the  coimtry  adjacent: 

'•  The  country  around  them  is  extremely  bean- 
tifid.  It  is  nt)t  an  uninternipted  plaiii,  where  the 
eye  finds  no  relief,  but  composed  of  many  gentle 
ascents,  which  in  the  summer  are  covered  with 
the  finest  verdure,  and  interspereed  with  little 
groves  that  give  a  pleasing  variety  to  the  pros- 
pect. On  the  whole,  when  the  Falls  are  inclu- 
ded, wliich  may  be  seen  at  a  distance  of  four 
miles,  a  more  pleasuig  and  picturesque  view,  I 
believe,  caimot  be  foimd  throughout  the  uni- 
verse." 

'•  lie  arrived  at  the  Falls  ou  the  seventeenth  of 
Xovember,  1706.  and  appears  to  have  ascended  as 
far  as  Elk  river. 

On  the  twenty-fifth  of  Xovember,  he  had  re- 
tiu'ned  to  the  place  opposite  the  ilinnesota.  where 
he  had  left  his  cauoe.  and  this  stream  as  yet  not 
being  obstructed  with  ice,  he  commenced  its  as- 
cent, with  the  colors  of  Greaf  Britain  flymg  at 
the  stern  of  Ids  canoe.  There  is  no  doubt  that 
he  entered  this  river.  l)ut  how  far  he  explored  it 
cannot  be  ascertained.  He  speaks  of  the  Kapids 
near  Shakopay.  and  asserts  that  he  went  as  far  as 
two  himdred  miles  beyond  Mendota.  He  re- 
marks: 

•■  On  the  seventh  of  December.  I  aiTived  at  the 
utmost  of  my  travels  towards  the  "West,  where  I 


SIOUX  BURI^iL  ORATION  VERSIFIED  BY  SCHILLER. 


67 


met  a  large  party  of  the  iNaudowessie  Indiaus, 
among  whom  I  resided  some  months." 

After  speaking  of  the  upper  bands  of  the  Dah- 
kotahs  and  their  allies,  he  adds  that  lie  "  left  the 
habitations  of  the  hospitable  Indians  the  latter 
end  of  AprU,  1767,  but  did  not  ^)art  from  them 
for  several  days,  as  I  was  accH)mpanied  on  my 
journey  by  near  three  hundred  of  them  to  the 
mouth  of  the  river  St.  Pierre.  At  this  season 
these  bands  annually  go  to  the  great  cave  (Day- 
ton's Bluff)  before  mentioned. 

When  he  arrived  at  the  great  cave,  and  the  In- 
dians had  deposited  the  remains  of  their  deceased 
friends  in  the  burial-place  that  stands  adjacent 
to  it,  they  held  their  great  council  to  which  he 
was  admitted. 

When  the  Naudowessies  brought  their  dead  for 
interment  to  the  great  cave  (St.  Paul),  I  attempted 
to  get  an  insight  into  the  remaining  burial  rites, 
but  whether  it  was  on  account  of  the  stench 
which  arose  from  so  many  dead  bodies,  or  whether 
they  clujse  to  keep  this  part  of  their  custom  secret 
from  me,  I  could  not  discover.  I  found ,  however, 
that  they  .considered  my  curiosity  as  ill-timed, 
and  therefore  I  withdrew.    *    * 

One  formality  among  the  j^audowessies  in 
mourning  for  the  dead  is  very  different  from  any 
mode  I  observed  in  the  other  nations  through 
which  I  passed.  The  men,  to  show  how  great 
their  sorrow  is,  pierce  the  flesh  of  their  arms 
above  the  elbows  with  arrows,  and  the  women 
cut  and  gash  their  legs  with  broken  flints  till  the 
blood  flows  very  plentifully.    *    * 

After  the  breath  is  departed,  the  body  is 
dressed  in  the  same  attire  it  usually  wore,  his 
lace  is  painted,  and  he  is  seated  in  an  erect  pos- 
tin-e  on  a  mat  or  skin,  placed  in  the  middle  of  the 
hut,  with  his  weapons  by  his  side.  His  relatives 
seated  around,  each  in  turn  harangues  the  de- 
ceased; and  if  he  has  been  a  great  warrior,  re- 
counts his  heroic  actions,  nearly  to  the  following 
purport,  which  in  the  Indian  language  is  extreme- 
ly poetical  and  pleasing 

'■You  still  sit  among  us,  brother,  your  person 
retains  its  usual  resemblance,  and  continues  sim- 
ilar to  ours,  without  any  visible  deficiency,  ex- 
cept it  has  lost  the  power  of  action!  But  whither 
is  tliat  breath  flown,  which  a  few  hours  ago  sent 
up  smoke  to  the  Great  Spirit?  Why  are  those 
lips  silent,  that  lately  delivered  to  us  expressions 


and  pleasing  language?  Why  are  those  feet  mo- 
tionless, that  a  few  hours  ago  were  fleeter  than 
the  deer  on  yonder  mountains?  Why  useless 
hang  those  arms,  that  could  climb  the  tallest  tree 
or  draw  the  toughest  bow?  Alas,  every  part  of 
that  frame  which  we  lately  beheld  with  admira- 
tion and  wonder  has  now  become  as  inanimate  as 
it  was  three  hundred  years  ago!  We  will  not, 
however,  bemoan  thee  as  if  thou  wast  forever 
lost  to  us,  or  that  thy  name  would  be  buried  in 
oblivion;  thy  soul  yet  lives  in  the  great  country 
of  spirits,  with  those  of  thy  nation  that  have  gone 
before  thee;  and  though  we  are  left  behind  to 
perpetuate  thy  fame,  we  will  one  day  join  thee. 

"  Actuated  by  the  respect  we  bore  thee  whilst 
living,  we  now  come  to  tender  thee  the  last  act  of 
kindness  in  our  power;  that  thy  body  might  not 
lie  neglected  on  tlie  plain,  and  become  a  prey  to 
the  beasts  of  the  field  or  fowls  of  the  air,  and  we 
will  take  care  to  lay  it  with  those  of  thy  predeces- 
sors that  have  gone  before  thee;  hoping  at  the 
same  time  that  thy  spirit  will  feed  with  their 
spirits,  and  be  ready  to  receive  ours  when  we 
shall  also  arrive  at  the  great  country  of  souls." 

For  this  speech  Carver  is  principally  indebted 
to  his  imagination,  but  it  is  well  conceived,  and 
suggested  one  of  Schiller's  poems,  which  Goethe 
considered  one  of  his  best,  and  wished  "  he  had 
made  a  dozen  such." 

SirE.  Lytton  Bulwer  the  distinguished  novelist, 
and  Sir  John  Herschel  the  eminent  astronomer, 
liave  each  given  a  translation  of  Schiller's  "  Song 
of  the  Nadowessee  Chief." 

SIR  E.  L.  bulwer's  translation. 

See  on  his  mat — as  if  of  yore, 

All  life-like  sits  he  here  I 
With  that  same  aspect  which  he  wore 

When  light  to  him  was  dear 

But  where  the  right  hand's  strength  ?  and  where 

The  breath  that  loved  to  breathe 
To  the  Great  Spirit,  aloft  in  air, 

The  peace  pipe's  lusty  wreath  ? 

And  where  the  hawk-like  eye,  alas  I 

That  wont  the  deer  pursue. 
Along  the  waves  of  rippling  grass, 

Or  fields  that  shone  with  dew  ? 


68 


EXPLOREBS  jiy^D  PIOXEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


Are  these  the  limber,  bounding  feet 
That  swept  the  winter's  snows  ? 

What  stateliest  stag  so  fast  and  fleet  ? 
Their  speed  outstripped  the  roe's  ! 

These  arms,  that  then  the  steady  bow 

Could  supple  from  it's  pride. 
How  stark  and  helpless  hang  they  now 

Adown  the  stiffened  side  ! 

Yet  weal  to  him — at  peace  he  stays 

"Wherever  fall  the  snows ; 
Wiere  o'er  the  meadows  springs  the  maize 

That  mortal  never  sows. 

"Where  birds  are  blithe  on  every  hrake — 
"Wliere   orests  teem  with  deer — 

"Where  glide  the  flsli  through  every  lake — 
One  chase  from  year  to  year ! 

With  spirits  now  he  feasts  above  ; 

All  left  us  to  revere 
The  deeds  we  honor  witli  our  love, 

The  dust  we  bury  here. 

Here  bring  the  last  gift ;  loud  and  shrill 
AVail  death  dirge  for  the  brave  ; 

What  pleased  him  most  iu  life,  may  still 
Give  pleasure  in  the  grave. 

We  1  ly  the  axe  beneath  his  head 
He  swung  when  strength  was  strong — 

The  bear  on  which  his  banquets  fed, 
The  way  from  earth  is  long. 

Ainl  here,  new  sharpened,  place  the  knife 

That  severed  from  the  clay. 
From  which  the  axe  had  spoiled  the  life, 

Tlie  conquered  scalp  away. 

The  paints  that  deck  the  dead,  bestow  ; 

Yes,  place  them  in  his  hand. 
That  red  the  kingly  shade  may  glow 

Amid  the  spirit  land. 

SIK  JOHN  HERSCHEL's   TRANSLATION. 

See,  where  upon  the  mat  he  sits 

Erect,  before  his  door. 
With  just  the  same  majestic  air 

That  once  iu  life  he  wore. 


But  where  is  lied  his  strength  of  limb. 

The  whirlwind  of  his  breath, 
To  the  Great  Spirit,  when  he  sent 

The  peace  pipe's  mounting  wreath'? 

"Wliere  are  those  falcon  eyes,  which  late 

Along  the  plain  could  trace. 
Along  the  grass's  dewy  waves 

The  reindeer's  printed  pace? 

Those  legs,  which  once  with  matchless  speed, 

Flew  through  the  drifted  snow, 
Surpassed  the  stag's  unwearied  course, 

Outran  the  mountain  roe'i* 

Those  arms,  once  used  with  might  and  main, 

The  stiibborn  bow  to  twang':* 
See,  see,  their  nerves  are  slack  at  last, 

All  motionless  they  hang. 

'Tis  well  with  him,  for  he  is  gone 

"Where  snow  no  more  is  found, 
A\niere  the  gay  thorn's  perpetual  bloom 

Decks  all  the  held  around. 

Where  wild  birds  sing  from  every  spray, 

Where  deer  (m  me  sweeping  by, 
"Wliere  fish  from  every  lake  afford 

A  plentiful  supply. 

With  spirits  now  he  feasts  above, 

And  leaves  us  here  alone. 
To  celebrate  his  valiant  de;  ds, 

And  round  his  grave  to  moan. 

Sound  the  death  song,  bring  forth  the  gifts, 

The  last  gifts  of  the  dead, — 
Let  all  which  yet  may  yield  him  joy 

Within  his  grave  be  laid. 

The  hatchet  iilace  beneath  his  head 

Still  red  with  hostile  blood; 
And  add,  because  the  way  is  long, 

The  bear's  fat  limbs  for  food. 

Tlie  scalping-knife  beside  him  lay, 

With  paints  of  gorgeous  dye, 
Tluit  in  the  land  of  souls  his  form 

May  shine  triumphantly. 

It  appears  from  other  sources  that  Can-er's 
visit  to  the  Dahkotalis  was  of  some  effect  in  bring- 
ing about  fvieiidly  intercourse  between  them  and 
the  commander  of  the  English  force  at  Mackmaw. 


CABVERS  PROJECT  FOR  A  ROUTE  TO  THE  PACIFIC. 


69 


The  earliest  mention  of  the  Dahkotas,  in  any 
public  British  documents  that  we  know  of,  is  in 
the  correspondence  between  Sir  William  Johnson, 
Superintendent  of  Indian  Affairs  for  the  Colony 
of  New  York,  and  General  Gage,  in  command  of 
the  forces. 

On  the  eleventh  of  September,  less  than  six 
months  after  Carver's  speech  at  Dayton's  Bluff, 
and  the  departure  of  a  number  of  chiefs  to  the 
English  fort  at  ilackinaw,  Johnson  writes  to 
General  Gage:  "Though  I  wrote  to  you  some 
days  ago,  yet  I  would  not  mind  saying  something 
again  on  the  score  of  the  vast  expenses  incurred, 
and,  as  I  understand,  still  incurring  at  jVIichili- 
mackinac,  chiefly  on  pretence  of  making  a  peace 
between  the  Sioux  and  Chippeweighs,  with  which 
I  think  we  have  very  little  to  do,  in  good  policy 
or  otherwise." 

Sir  William  Johnson,  in  a  letter  to  Lord  Hills- 
borough, one  of  his  Majesty's  ministers,  dated 
August  seventeenth,  1768,  again  refers  to  the 
subject: 

"  Much  greater  part  of  those  who  go  a  trading 
are  men  of  such  circumstances  and  disposition  as 
to  venture  their  persons  everywhere  for  extrava- 
gant gains,  yet  the  consequences  to  the  public 
are  not  to  be  shghted,  as  we  may  be  led  into  a 
general  quarrel  through  their  means.  The  In- 
dians in  the  part  adjacent  to  Michilimackinac 
have  been  treated  with  at  a  very  great  expense 
for  some  time  previous. 

"  Major  Rodgers  brings  a  considerable  charge 
against  the  former  for  mediating  a  peace  between 
some  tribes  of  the  Sioux  and  some  of  the  Chippe- 
weighs, which,  had  it  been  attended  with  success, 
would  only  have  been  interesting  to  a  very  few 
French,  and  others,  that  had  goods  in  that  part 
of  the  Indian  country,  but  the  contrary  has  hap- 
pened, and  they  are  now  more  violent,  and  war 
against  one  another."' 

Though  a  wilderness  of  over  one  thousand  miles 
intervened  between  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony  and 
the  white  settlements  of  the  English,  Carver  was 
fully  impressed  with  the  idea  that  the  State  now 
organized  under  the  name  of  Minnesota,  on  ac- 
count of  its  beauty  and  fertility,  would  attract 
settlers. 

Speaking  of  the  advantages  of  the  country,  he 
says  that  the  future  population  will  be  "able  to 
convey  their  produce  to  the  seaports  with  great 


facility,  the  current  of  the  river  from  its  source 
to  its  entrance  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  being  ex- 
tremely favourable  for  doing  this  in  small  craft 
Thh  might  also  in  time  he  facilitated  by  canals  or 
shorter  cuts,  and  a  commimicaiion  opened  by  water 
leith  Neto  York  by  way  of  the  Lakes.'''' 

The  sul)ject  of  this  sketch  was  also  confident 
that  a  route  would  be  discovered  by  way  of  the 
Minnesota  river,  which  "wotild  open  a  passage 
to  China  and  the  EngUsh  settlements  in  the  East 
Indies."' 

Carver,  having  returned  to  England,  interested 
"Whitworth,  a  member  of  parliament,  in  the 
northern  route.  Had  not  the  American  Revolu- 
tion commenced,  they  proposed  to  have  built  a 
fort  at  Lake  Pepin,  to  have  proceeded  up  the 
Minnesota  until  they  found,  as  they  supposed 
tliey  could,  a  branch  of  the  Missouri,  and  from 
tlience,  journeying  over  the  summit  of  lands  un- 
til they  came  to  a  river  which  they  called  Oregon, 
they  expected  to  descend  to  the  Paciflc. 

Carver,  in  common  witli  otlier  travelers,  had 
I:is  theory  in  relation  to  the  origin  of  the  Dahko- 
tahs.  lie  supposed  tliat  they  came  from  Asia. 
He  remarks:  "  But  this  might  have  been  at  dif- 
ferent times  and  from  various  parts— from  Tar- 
tary,  China,  Japan,  for  the  inhabitants  of  these 
places  resemble  each  other.    *    *    * 

"  It  is  very  evident  that  some  of  the  names  and 
customs  of  the  American  Indians  resemble  those 
of  the  Tartars,  and  I  make  no  doubt  but  that  in 
some  future  era,  and  this  not  far  distant,  it  will 
be  reduced  to  certainty  tliat  during  some  of  the 
wars  between  the  Tartars  and  Chinese  a  part  of 
tlie  inhabitauto  of  the  northern  provinces  were 
driven  from  their  native  country,  and  took  refuge 
in  some  of  the  isles  before  mentioned,  and  from 
thence  found  their  way  into  America.    *    *    * 

"  ilany  words  are  used  botli  by  tlie  Chinese  and 
the  Indians  which  have  a  resemblance  to  each 
other,  not  only  in  their  sound,  but  in  their  signi- 
fication. The  Chinese  call  a  slave  Shungo;  and 
the  Xaudowessie  Indians,  whose  language,  from 
their  little  intercourse  with  the  Europeans,  is 
least  corrupted,  term  a  dog  Shiuigush  [Shoan- 
kah].  Tlie  former  denominate  one  species  of  their 
tea  Slioushong;  the  latter  call  their  tobacco  Shoil- 
sas-sau  [ChanshashaJ.  Many  other  of  the  words 
used  by  the  Indians  contain  the  syllables  c7ie, 
chaw,  and  chu,  after  the  dialect  of  the  Chinese." 


70 


EXPLORER  a  AND  PlOyEERS  OF  MIXXESOTA. 


The  comparison  of  languages  lias  become  a  rich 
source  of  historical  knowledge,  yet  many  of  the 
analogies  traced  are  fanciful.  The  remark  of 
Humbolt  in  ••  Cosmos"'  is  worthy  of  remembrance. 
"As  the  structure  of  American  idioms  appears 
remarkably  strange  to  nations  speaking  the  mod- 
em languages  of  AVestern  Europe,  and  who  readily 
suffer  themselves  to  be  led  away  by  some  acci- 
dental analogies  of  sound,  theologians  have  gen- 
erally believed  that  they  could  trace  an  affinity 
with  the  Hebrew,  Spanish  colonists  with  the 
Basque  and  the  English,  or  French  settlers  \\'ith 
Gaelic,  Erse,  or  the  Bas  Breton.  I  one  day  met 
on  the  coast  of  Peru,  a  Spanish  naval  officer  and 
an  English  whaling  captain,  the  fonlicr  of  whom 
declared  that  he  had  heard  Basque  spoken  at  Ta- 
liiti;  the  other,  Gaelic  or  Erse  at  the  Sandwich 
Islands." 

Carver  became  very  poor  while  in  England, 
and  was  a  clerk  in  a  lotterj-office.  He  died  in 
1780,  and  left  a  widow,  two  sons,  and  five  daught- 
ers, in  Xew  England,  and  also  a  child  by  another 
wife  that  he  had  married  in  Great  Britain 

After  his  death  a  claim  was  urged  for  the  land 
upon  which  the  capital  of  Minnesota  now  stands  > 
and  for  many  miles  adjacent.  As  there  are  still 
many  persons  who  believe  that  they  have  some 
right  through  certain  deeds  purporting  to  be  from 
the  heirs  of  Carver,  it  is  a  matter  worthy  of  an 
investigation. 

Carver  says  nothing  in  his  book  of  travels  in  re- 
lation to  a  grant  from  the  Dahkotahs.  but  after 
he  was  buried,  it  was  asserted  that  there  was  a 
deed  belonging  to  him  in  existence,  conveying 
valuable  lands,  and  that  said  deed  was  executed 
at  the  cave  now  in  the  eastern  suburbs  of  Saint 
Paul. 

DEED  PURPOKTING  TO  HAVE  BEEN  GIVEN  AT 
THE  CAVE  IN  THE  BLUFF  BELOW  ST.  PAfL. 

"  To  Jonathan  Can-er.  a  cliief  under  the  most 
mighty  and  potent  George  the  Third.  King  of  the 
English  and  other  nations,  the  fame  of  whose 
warriors  has  reached  our  ears,  and  has  now  been 
fully  told  us  by  our  good  brother  Jonathan,  afore- 
said, whom  we  rejoice  to  have  come  among  us, 
and  bring  us  good  news  from  his  country. 

"We,  chiefs  of  the  Naudowessies,  who  have 
hereunto  set  our  seals,  do  by  these  presents,  for 
ourselves  and  heirs  forever,  in  return  for  the  aid 
and  other  good  services  done  by  the  said  Jona- 


than to  ourselves  and  alUes.  give  grant  and  con- 
vey to  him,  the  said  Jonatlian,  and  to  his  heirs 
and  assigns  forever,  the  whole  of  a  certain  tract 
or  territory  of  land,  boimded  as  follows,  -siz:  from 
the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  running  on  the  east 
bank  of  the  Mississippi,  nearly  soutlieast,  as  far 
as  Lake  Pepin,  where  the  Chippewa  joins  the 
Mississippi,  and  from  thence  eastward  five  days 
travel,  accoimting  twenty  English  miles  per  day; 
and  from  thence  again  to  the  Falls  of  St.  ^Uithony . 
on  a  direct  straight  line.  "We  do  for  ourselves, 
heirs,  and  assigns,  forever  give  unto  the  said  Jo- 
nathan, his  heirs  and  assigns,  with  all  the  trees, 
rocks,  and  rivers  therein,  ^eser^^ng  the  sole  lib- 
erty of  hunting  and  fishing  on  land  not  planted 
or  improved  by  the  said  Jonathan,  his  heirs  and 
assigns,  to  which  we  have  affixed  our  respective 
seals. 

"  At  the  Great  Cave,  May  1st.  1767. 

"Signed,        HAWXOPA'WJATIX. 

OTOHTGXGOOMLISHEAW. " 

The  original  deed  was  never  exhibited  by  the 
assignees  of  the  heirs.  By  his  English  wife  Car- 
ver had  one  child,  a  daughter  Martha,  who  was 
cared  for  by  Sir  Richard  and  Lady  Pearson.  In 
time  she  eloped  and  married  a  sailor.  A  mercan- 
tile firm  in  London,  thinking  that  money  could 
be  made,  induced  the  newly  married  couple,  the 
day  after  the  wedding,  to  convey  the  grant  to 
them,  with  the  understanding  that  they  were  to 
have  a  tenth  of  the  profits. 

The  merchants  despatched  an  agent  by  the 
name  of  Clarke  to  go  to  the  Dahkotahs,  and  olj- 
tain  a  new  deed;  but  on  his  way  he  was  murdered 
in  the  state  of  Xew  York. 

In  the  year  179-t,  the  heirs  of  Carver"s  Ameri- 
can wife,  in  consideration  of  fifty  thousand  pounds 
sterling,  conveyed  their  interest  in  the  Carver 
grant  to  Edward  Houghton  of  Vermont.  In  the 
year  1806,  Samuel  Petere,  who  had  been  a  tory 
and  an  Episcopal  minister  dmiiig  the  Eevolu- 
tionary  war,  alleges,  in  a  petition  to  Congress, 
that  he  had  also  purchased  of  the  heirs  oi  Carver 
then-  rights  to  the  grant. 

Before  the  Senate  committee,  the  same  >  ear, 
he  testified  as  follows: 

"In  the  year  1774,  I  arrived  there  (London), 
and  met  Captain  Carver.  In  1775.  Carver  had  a 
hearing  before  the  king,  praying  his  majesty's 
approval  of  a  deed  of  land  dated  May  first,  1767, 


UNITED  STATES  REJECT  CARVERS  CLAIM. 


71 


and  sold  and  granted  to  him  by  the  Naudowissies. 
The  result  was  his  majesty  approved  of  the  exer- 
tions and  bravery  of  Captain  Carver  among  the 
Indian  nations,  near  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  in 
the  Mississippi,  gave  to  said  Carver  137n.  13s.  8(7. 
sterling,  and  ordered  a  frigate  to  be  prepared, 
and  a  transport  ship  to  carry  one  hundred  and 
.Pif  ty  men,  under  command  of  Captain  Carver,  with 
four  others  as  a  committee,  to  sail  the  ne.xt  .June 
to  Jfew  Orleans,  and  then  to  ascend  the  Missis- 
sippi, to  take  possession  of  said  territory  conveyed 
to  Captain  Carver ;  but  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill 
prevented." 

In  18:21,  General  Leavenworth,  having  made 
inquiries  of  the  Dahkotahs,  in  relation  to  the 
alleged  claim,  addressed  the  following  to  the 
commissioner  of  the  land  office  : 

"  Sir:^Agreeably  to  your  request,  I  have  the 
honour  to  inform  you  what  I  have  understood 
from  the  Inilians  of  the  Sioux  Nation,  as  well  as 
some  facts  within  my  own  knowledge,  as  to  what 
is  commonly  termed  Carver's  Grant.  The  grant 
purports  to  be  made  by  the  cliiefs  of  the  Sioux 
of  the  Plains,  and  one  of  the  chiefs  uses  the  sign 
of  a  serpent,  and  the  other  of  a  turtle,  purport- 
ing that  their  names  are  derived  from  those  ani- 
mals. 

''The  land  lies  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississ- 
ippi. The  Inilians  do  not  recognize  or  acknowl 
edge  the  grant  to  be  valid,  and  they  among  others 
assign  the  following  reasons; 

"1.  The  Sioux  of  the  Plains  never  owned  a 
foot  of  land  on  tlie  east  side  of  the  Mississippi. 
The  Sioux  Nation  is  divided  into  two  grand  di- 
visions, viz:  The  Sioux  of  tlie  Lake;  or  perhaps 
more  literally  Sioux  of  the  Biver,  and  Sioux  of 
the  Plain.  The  former  subsists  by  hunting  and 
fishing,  and  usually  move  from  place  to  place  by 
water,  in  canoes,  during  the  summer  season,  and 
travel  on  the  ice  in  tlie  winter,  when  not  on 
their  hunting  excursions.  The  latter  subsist  en- 
tirely by  hunting,  and  have  no  canoes,  nor  do 
they  know  but  little  about  the  use  of  them.  They 
reside  in  the  large  prairies  west  of  the  Mississippi, 
and  follow  the  buffalo,  upon  which  tliey  entirely 
subsist;  these  are  called  Sioux  of  the  Plain,  and 
never  owned  land  east  of  the  Mississippi. 

"  2.  The  Indians  say  they  have  no  knowledge 
of  any  such  chiefs  as  those  who  have  signed  the 
grant  to  Carver,  either  amongst  the  Sioux  of  the 


River  or  the  Sioux  of  the  Plain.  They  say  that 
if  Captain  Carver  did  ever  obtain  a  deed  or 
grant,  it  was  signed  by  some  foolish  young  men 
who  were  not  cliiefs  and  who  were  not  author- 
ized to  make  a  grant.  Among  the  Sioux  of  the 
River  there  are  no  such  names. 

"  3.  They  say  the  Indians  never  received  any- 
thing for  the  land,  and  they  have  no  intention  to 
part  with  it  without  a  consideration.  From  my 
knowledge  of  the  Indians.  I  am  induced  to  think 
they  would  not  makesoconsideralile  a  grant,  and 
have  it  to  go  into  full  effect  without  receiving  a 
substantial  consideration. 

'•  4.  They  have,  and  ever  have  had,  the  pos- 
session of  the  land,  and  intend  to  keep  it.  I 
know  that  they  are  very  particular  in  making 
every  person  who  wishes  to  cut  timber  on  that 
tract  obtain  their  permission  to  do  so,  and  to  ob- 
tain payment  for  it.  In  the  month  of  May  last, 
some  Frenchmen  brougiitalarge  raft  of  red  cedar 
timber  out  of  the  Chippewa  River,  which  timber 
was  cut  on  the  tract  before  mentioned.  The  In- 
tlians  at  one  of  the  villages  on  the  Mississippi, 
where  the  principal  chief  resided,  compelled  the 
Frenchmen  to  land  the  raft,  and  would  not  per- 
mit them  to  pass  until  they  had  received  pay  for 
the  timber,  and  the  Frenchmen  were  compelled 
to  leave  their  raft  with  the  Indians  until  they 
went  to  Prairie  du  Chien,  and  obtained  the  nec- 
essary articles,  and  made  the  payment  required." 

On  the  twenty-third  of  January,  1S23,  the  Com- 
mittee of  Public  Lands  made  a  report  on  the 
claim  to  the  Senate,  which,  to  every  disinterested 
person,  is  entirely  satisfactory.  After  statuig 
the  facts  of  the  petition,  the  repoi-t  contiiiues: 

"  The  Rev.  Samuel  Peters,  in  his  petition,  fur- 
ther states  that  Lefei,  the  present  Emperor  of 
the  Sioux  and  Xaudowessies,  and  Red  AVing,  a 
sachem,  the  heirs  and  successors  of  the  two  grand 
chiefs  who  signed  the  said  deed  to  Captain  Car- 
ver, liave  given  satisfactory  anil  positive  proof 
that  they  allowed  their  ancestors'  deed  to  be  gen- 
uine, good,  and  valid,  and  that  Captain  Carver's 
heirs  and  assigns  are  the  owners  of  said  territory, 
and  may  occupy  it  free  of  all  molestation. 

The  committee  have  examined  and  considered 
the  claims  thus  exhibited  by  the  petitionere,  and 
remark  that  the  original  deed  is  not  produced,  nor 
any  competent  legal  evidence  offered  of  its  execu- 
tion ;  nor  is  there  any  proof  that  the  persons,  who 


72 


EXPLORERS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


it  is  alleged  made  the  deed,  were  the  chiefs  of 
said  tribe,  nor  that  (if  chiefs)  they  had  authority 
to  grant  and  give  away  the  land  belonging  to  their 
tribe.  The  paper  annexed  to  the  petition,  as  a 
copy  of  said  deed,  has  no  subscribing  witnesses  ; 
and  it  would  seem  impossible,  at  this  remote  pe- 
riod, to  ascertain  the  important  fact,  that  the  per- 
sons who  signed  the  ;leed  comprehended  and 
imderstood  the  meaning  and  effect  of  their  act. 

"  The  want  of  proof  as  to  these  facts,  would 
interpose  in  the  waj  of  the  claimants  insuperable 
difficulties.  But,  in  the  opinion  of  the  committee, 
the  claim  is  not  such  as  the  United  States  are 
imder  any  obUgation  to  allow,  even  if  the  deed 
were  proved  in  legal  form. 

"  The  British  government,  before  the  time  when 
the  alleged  deed  bears  date,  had  deemed  it  pru- 
dent and  necessary  for  the  preservation  of  peace 
■with  the  Indian  tribes  under  their  sovereignty, 
protection  and  dominion,  to  prevent  British  sub- 
jects from  purchasing  lands  from  the  Indians, 
and  this  rule  of  policy  was  made  known  and  en- 
forced by  the  proclamation  of  the  king  of  Great 
Britain,  of  seventh  October,  1763,  which  contains 
an  e.xpress  prohibition. 

"  Captain  Carver,  aware  of  the  law,  and  know- 
ing that  such  a  contract  could  not  vest  the  legal 
title  in  him.  applied  to  the  British  government  to 
ratify  and  confirm  the  Indian  grant,  and,  though 
it  was  competent  for  that  government  then  to 
confirm  the  grant,  and  vest  the  title  of  said  land 


in  him,  yet,  from  some  cause,  that  government 
did  not  think  proper  to  do  it. 

"  The  territory  has  since  become  the  property 
of  the  United  States,  and  an  Indian  grant  not 
good  against  the  British  government,  would  ap- 
pear to  be  not  bindhig  unon  the  I'uited  States 
government. 

'•  What  benefit  the  British  government  derived 
from  the  services  of  Captain  Carver,  bj'  his  trav- 
els and  residence  among  the  Indians,  that  gov- 
ernment alone  could  determine,  and  alone  could 
judge  what  remuneration  those  services  desers'ed. 

•'  One-fact  appears  from  the  declaration  of  Mr. 
Peters,  in  his  statement  in  writing,  among  the 
papers  exhibited,  namely,  that  the  British  gov- 
ernment did  give  Captam  Carver  the  sum  of  one 
thousand  three  hundred  and  seventy-five  pounds 
six  shillings  and  eight  pence  sterling.  To  the 
United  States,  however.  Captain  Cars'er  rendered 
no  services  which  could  be  assumed  as  any  equit- 
able ground  for  the  support  of  the  petitioners' 
claim. 

'•  The  committee  being  of  opinion  that  the 
United  States  are  not  bound  in  law  and  equity  to 
confirm  the  said  alleged  Indian  grant,  recom- 
mend the  adoption  of  the  resolution: 

" '  Resolved,  That  the  prayer  of  the  petitioners 
ought  not  to  be  granted."" " 

Lord  Palmerston  stated  in  1839,  that  no  trace 
could  be  found  in  the  records  of  the  British 
office  of  state  papers,  sho\\ing  any  ratification  of 
the  Carver  grant. 


EXPLORATIONS  liY  LIEUTENANT  Z.  M.  PIKE. 


73 


CHAPTER  Xri. 

EXPLOEATION  BY  THE  FIRST  UNITED  STATES  ARilY  OFFICER,  LIETJTENANT  Z.  JI.  TTKE. 


Trading  Posts  at  the  bejrinuing  of  Nineteenth  Centurj-.— Sandy  Lake  Fort.— 
Leech  Lake  Fort.— William  Morrison,  before  Schoolcraft  at  Itasca  Lake.— Divi- 
sion of  Northwest  Territory.— Organization  of  Indiana,  Michigan  and  Upper 
Louisiana. —  Notices  of  WmihI,  Frazer,  Fisher,  C.imeron,  Faribault  —  Early 
Traders.— Pikes  Council  at  Mouth  of  Minnesota  River,— Grant  for  Military 
Posts-— Encampment  at  Falls  of  St.  Anthony.— Block  House  near  Swan  River. 
—Visit  to  Sanily  and  Leech  Lakes.— British  Flag  Shot  at  and  Lowered.— 
Thompson,  Topographer  of  Northwest  Company. — Pike  at  Dickson's  Trading 
Post  —Returns  to  Mendota.— Fails  to  find  Carver's  Cave.— Conlerence  with 
Little  Crow.  —Cameron  sells  Liquor  to  Indians. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  present  century,  the 
region  now  Itnown  as  ^linnesota,  contained  no 
■white  men,  except  a  few  engaged  in  the  fur  trade. 
In  the  treaty  effected  by  Hon.  Jolin  Jay,  Great 
Britain  agreed  to  withdraw  her  troops  from  all 
posts  and  places  within  certain  boundary  lines, 
on  or  before  the  first  of  June,  1796.  but  all  Brit- 
ish settlers  and  traders  might  remain  for  one 
year,  and  enjoy  all  their  former  privileges,  with- 
out being  obliged  to  be  citizens  of  the  United 
States  of  America. 

In  the  year  1800,  the  trading  posts  of  Minnesota 
were  chiefly  held  l)y  the  Northwest  Company, 
and  their  chief  traders  resided  at  Sandy  Lake, 
Leech  Lake,  and  Fon  du  Lac,  on  St.  Louis  liiver. 
In  the  year  1794,  this  company  built  a  stockade 
one  hundred  feet  square,  on  the  southeast  end  of 
Sandy  Lake.  There  were  bastions  pierced  for 
small  arms,  in  the  southeast  and  in  the  northwest 
corner.  Tlie  pickets  which  surrounded  the  post 
were  thirteen  feet  high.  On  the  north  side  there 
was  a  gate  ten  by  nine  feet ;  on  the  west  side,  one 
■  six  by  five  feet,  and  on  the  east  side  a  third  gate 
six  by  five  feet.  Travelers  entering  the  main 
gate,  saw  on  the  left  a  one  story  building  twenty 
feet  square,  the  residence  of  the  superintendent, 
and  on  the  left  of  the  east  gate,  a  building  twenty- 
five  by  fifteen,  the  quarters  of  the  voyagenrs. 
Entering  the  western  gate,  on  the  left  was  a  stone 
house,  twenty  by  thirty  feet,  and  a  house  twenty 
by  forty  feet,  used  as  a  store,  and  a  workshop, 
and  a  residence  for  clerks.  On  the  soutli  shcirc 
of  Leech  Lake  there  was  another  establishment, 
a  little  larger.    The  stockade  was  one  hundred 


and  fifty  feet  square.  The  main  building  was 
sixty  by  twenty-five  feet,  and  one  and  a  half  story 
In  height,  where  resided  the  Director  of  the  fur 
trade  of  the  Fond  du  Lac  department  of  the  North- 
west Company.  In  the  centre  was  a  small  store, 
twelve  and  a  half  feet  square,  and  near  the  main 
gate  was  flagstaff  fifty  feet  in  height,  from 
which  used  to  float  the  flag  of  Great  Britain. 

"William  jSIorrison  was,  in  1802.  the  trader  at 
Leech  Lake,  and  in  1804  he  was  at  Elk  Lake,  the 
source  of  the  Mississippi,  thirty-two  years  after- 
wards named  by  Schoolcraft,  Lake  Itasca. 

The  entire  force  of  the  Northwest  Company, 
west  of  Lake  Superior,  in  ISOo,  consisted  of  three 
accountants,  nineteen  clerks,  two  interisreters, 
eighty-five  canoe  men,  and  with  them  were 
twenty-nine  Indian  or  half-breed  women,  and 
about  fifty  children. 

On  the  seventh  of  May,  1800,  the  Northwest 
Territory,  which  included  all  of  the  western 
country  east  of  the  Mississippi,  was  divided. 
The  portion  not  designated  as  Ohio,  was  organ- 
ized as  the  Territory  of  Indiana. 

On  the  twentieth  of  December,  1803,  the 
province  of  Louisiana,  of  which  that  portion  of 
Minnesota  west  of  the  Mississippi  'v\-as  a  part, 
was  officially  delivered  up  by  the  French,  wlio 
had  just  obtained  it  from  the  Spaniards,  accoi'd- 
ing  to  treaty  stipulations. 

To  the  transfer  of  Louisiana  by  France,  after 
twenty  days"  possession,  Spain  at  first  objected; 
but  in  1804  withdrew  all  opposition. 

President  Jefferson  now  deemed  it  an  object 
of  paramount  importance  for  the  L'nited  States 
to  explore  the  country  so  recently  acquired,  and 
make  the  acquaintance  of  the  tribes  residing 
therein ;  and  steps  were  taken  for  an  expedition 
to  the  upper  Mississippi. 

Early  in  March,  1804,  Captain  Stoddard,  of  the 
United  States  army,  arrived  at  St.  Louis,  the 
agent  of  the  I'rcnch  Republic,  to  receive  from 


74 


EXl'LOKEKS  ASD  FIOSEEUH  OF  MlSyE^sUTA. 


the  Spanish  aiitho:ities  the  possession  of  the 
coiuitiy,  which  he  immediately  transferred  to  the 
United  States. 

As  tlie  old  settlers,  on  the  tenth  of  March,  saw 
the  ancient  flag  of  Spain  displacetl  by  that  of  the 
United  States,  the  tears  coursed  down  their 
cheeks. 

On  the  twentieth  of  the  same  month,  the  terri- 
tory of  Upper  Lonisiana  was  constituted,  com- 
prismg  the  present  states  of  Arkansas,  Missouri, 
Iowa,  and  a  large  portion  of  Minnesota. 

On  the  eleventh  of  January,  1805,  the  terri- 
tory of  Michigan  was  organized. 

The  first  ^Vmerican  oflScer  who  \'isited  Minne- 
sota, on  business  of  a  public  nature,  was  one  who 
was  an  ornament  to  his  profession,  and  in  energy 
and  endurance  a  true  representative  of  the  citi- 
zens of  the  United  States.  "\Ve  refer  to  the 
gallant  Zebulon  Montgomery  Pike,  a  native  of 
Xew  Jersey,  who  afterwards  fell  m  battle  at 
York,  Upper  Canada,  and  whose  loss  was  justly 
mourned  by  the  whole  nation. 

When  a  young  lieutenant,  he  was  ordered  by 
General  Wilkinson  to  ^'isit  the  region  now  known 
as  Minnesota,  and  exi>el  the  British  traders  who 
were  found  violating  the  laws  of  the  United 
States,  and  form  alliances  with  the  Indians. 
AVith  only  a  few  common  soldiers,  he  was  obliged 
to  do  the  work  of  several  men.  At  times  he 
would  precede  his  party  for  miles  to  recomioitre, 
and  then  he  would  do  the  duty  of  hunter. 

During  the  day  he  would  perform  the  part  of 
surveyor,  geologist,  and  astronomer,  and  at  night, 
though  hiniirr)-  and  fatigued,  his  lofty  enthu- 
siasm kept  him  awake  until  he  copied  the  notes, 
and  plotted  the  courses  of  the  day. 

On  the  4tli  day  of  September,  1805,  Pike  ar- 
rived at  Prairie  du  Chien,  from  St.  Louis,  and 
was  poUtely  treated  by  three  traders,  all  born  un- 
der the  flag  of  the  United  States.  One  was  named 
Wood,  another  Frazer,  a  native  of  Vermont, 
who,  when  a  5  oiuig  man  became  a  clerk  of  one 
Blakely,  of  Montreal,  and  tlius  became  a  fur 
liader.  The  third  was  Henry  Fisher,  a  captain 
of  tlie  ^lilitia,  and  Justice  of  tlie  Peace,  wliose 
wife  was  a  daughter  of  Goutier  de  A'erville. 
Fisiher  was  said  to  have  been  a  nephew  of  Pres- 
dent  ;Monroe,  and  later  in  life  traded  at  the 
.  sources  of  the  Minnesota.  One  of  liis  daughters 
was  tlie  molliev  of  Josepli  Rolette,  Jr.,  a  mem- 


ber of  the  early  Mmnesota  Legislative  assem- 
bUes.  On  tlie  eighth  of  the  month  Lieutenant 
Pike  left  Prairie  du  Chien,  in  two  batteaux,  with 
Sergeant  Henry  Kennerman,  Corporals  William 
E.  Mack  and  Samuel  Bradley,  and  ten  privates. 

At  La  Crosse,  Frazer,  of  Prairie  du  Chien, 
overtook  him,  and  at  Sandy  point  of  Lake  Pepin 
he  found  a  trader,  a  Scotchman  by  the  name  of 
Murdoch  Cameron,  with  his  son,  and  a  yomig 
man  named  John  Rudsdell.  On  the  twonty- 
fii-st  he  breakfasted  with  the  Kaposia  baud  of 
Sioux,  who  then  dwelt  at  the  marsh  below  Day- 
ton's Bluff,  a  few  miles  below  St.  Paul.  The 
same  day  he  passed  three  miles  from  Mendota 
the  encampment  of  J.  B.  Faribault,  a  trader  and 
native  of  Lower  Canada,  tlieii  about  thirty  years 
of  age,  in  which  vicinity  lie  continued  for  more 
than  fifty  years.  He  married  Pelagie  the  daugh- 
ter of  Francis  Kinnie  by  an  Indian  woman, 
and  his  eldest  son.  Alexander,  bom  soon  after 
Pike's  visit,  was  the  founder  of  the  to^^■n  of 
Faribault. 

Arriving  at  the  confluence  of  the  Minnesota 
and  the  Mississippi  Rivers,  Pike  and  his  soldiers 
encamped  on  the  Northeast  pouit  of  the  island 
which  still  bears  his  name.  The  next  day  was 
Sunday,  and  he  visited  Cameron,  at  his  trading 
post  on  the  Minnesota  River,  a  short  distance 
above  Mendota. 

On  Jilonday,  the  23d  of  September,  at  noon, 
he  held  a  Council  with  the  Sioux,  under  a  cover- 
ing made  by  suspending  sails,  and  gave  an  ad- 
mirable  talk,  a  portion  of  which  was  as  follows  : 
,  "  Brothers,  I  am  happy  to  meet  you  here,  at 
this  council  tire  wliicli  your  father  has  sent  me  to 
kindle,  and  to  take  you  by  the  hands,  as  our  chil- 
dren. We  hartng  but  lately  acquired  from  the 
Spanish,  the  extensive  territory  of  Louisiana,  our 
general  has  thought  proper  to  send  out  a  number 
of  his  warriors  to  visit  all  his  red  children  ;  to  tell 
them  his  will,  and  to  hear  what  request  they  may 
have  to  make  of  tlieir  father.  I  am  happy  the 
choice  fell  on  me  to  come  this  road,  as  I  find 
my  brothere,  the  Sioux,  ready  to  listen  to  my 
words. 

"  Brothers,  it  is  the  wish  of  our  government  to 
establish  military  posts  on  the  Upper  Mississippi, 
at  such  places  as  might  be  thought  expedient.  I 
have,  therefore,  examined  the  country,  and  have 
pitched  on  the  mouth  of  the  river  St.  Croix,  this 


GRANT  OF  LAND  FROM  THE  HIOUX. 


place,  and  the  Falls  of  8t.  Anthony ;  I  therefore 
wish  you  to  grant  to  the  United  States,  nine 
miles  square,  at  St.  Croix,  and  at  this  place,  from 
a  league  below  the  confluence  of  the  St.  Peter's 
and  Mississippi,  to  a  league  above  St.  Anthony, 
extending  three  leagues  ou  each  side  of  the  river ; 
and  as  we  are  a  people  who  are  accustomed  to 
have  all  our  acts  \mtten  down,  m  order  to  have 
them  handed  to  our  children,  I  have  drawn  up  a 
form  of  an  agreement,  ^\hich  we  will  both  sign, 
in  the  presence  of  the  traders  now  present.  After 
we  know  the  terms,  we  will  fill  it  up,  and  have  it 
read  and  interpreted  to  you. 

'•  Brothers,  those  posts  are  intended  as  a  bene- 
fit to  you.  The  old  chiefs  now  present  mnst  see 
that  their  situation  improves  by  a  communication 
with  the  whites.  It  is  the  intention  of  the  Umted 
States  to  establish  at  those  posts  factories,  in 
which  the  Indians  may  procure  all  their  things 
at  a  cheaper  and  better  rate  than  they  do  now,  or 
than  your  traders  can  afford  to  sell  them  to  you, 
as  they  aie  single  men,  who  come  from  far  in 
small  boats;  but  your  fathers  are  many  and 
strong,  and  will  come  with  a  strong  arm,  in  large 
boats.  There  will  also  be  chiefs  here,  who  can 
attend  to  the  wants  of  their  brothers,  without 
their  sending  or  going  all  the  way  to  St.  Louis, 
and  will  see  the  traders  that  go  up  your  rivers, 
and  know  that  they  are  good  men.    *    *    *    * 

"  Brothers,  I  now  present  you  with  some  of 
your  father's  tobacco,  and  some  other  trifling 
things,  as  a  memorandum  of  my  good  will,  and 
before  my  departure  I  will  give  you  some  liquor 
to  clear  your  throats." 

The  traders,  Cameron  and  Frazer,  sat  with 
Pike.  His  interpr«ter  was  Pierre  liosseau. 
Among  the  Chiefs  present  were  Le  Petit  Cor- 
beau  (Little  Crow),  and  Way-ago  Enagee,  and 
L'Orignal  Leve  or  Rising  Moose.  It  was  vnth 
difficulty  that  the  chiefs  signed  the  following 
agreement;  not  that  they  objected  to  the  lan- 
guage, but  because  they  thought  their  word 
should  be  taken,  without  any  mark  ;  but  Pike 
overcame  their  objection,  by  saying  that  he  wished 
them  to  sign  it  on  his  account. 

"  Whereas,  at  a  conference  held  between  the 
L^nited  States  of  America  and  the  Sioux  na- 
tion of  Indians,  Lieutenant  Z.  M.  Pike,  of  the 
army  of  the  I'nited  States,  and  the  chiefs  and 
warriors  of  said  tribe,  have  agreed  to  the  follow- 


uig  articles,  which,  when  ratified  and  approved  of 
by  the  proper  authority,  shall  be  binding  on  both 
parties : 

Akt.  1.  That  the  Sioux  nation  grant  unto  the 
United  States,  for  the  purpose  of  establishment 
of  military  posts,  nme  miles  square,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  St.  Croix,  also  from  below  the  confluence 
of  the  Mississipi)i  and  St.  Peter's,  up  the  Missis- 
sippi to  include  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  extend- 
ing nine  miles  on  each  side  of  the  river ;  that  the 
Sioux  Nation  grants  to  the  United  States  the  full 
sovereignty  and  power  over  said  district  forever. 
Art.  2.  That  in  consideration  of  the  above 
grants,  the  United  States  shall  pay  [filled  up  by 
the  Senate  with  2,000  dollars]. 

Art.  3.  The  United  States  promise,  on  their 
part,  to  permit  the  Sioux  to  pass  and  repass,  hunt, 
or  make  other  use  of  the  said  districts,  as  they 
have  formerly  done,  w'ithout  any  other  exception 
than  those  specified  iu  article  first. 

In  testimony  whereof,  we,  the  undersigned, 
have  hereunto  set  our  hands  and  seals,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  St.  Peter's,  ou  the  23d  day  of 
September,  1805. 

Z.  M.  PIKE,    [L.  S.] 
1st  Lieutenant  and  agent  at  the  above  conference. 

his 

LE  PETIT  CORBEAU,  X   [L.  S.] 

mark 

his 

WAY-AGO  ENAGEE.  ^   [L.  S.] 

mark  " 

The  following  entries  from  Pike's  Journal,  des- 
criptive of  the  region  around  the  city  of  Miiuie- 
apolis.  seventy-five  years  ago,  are  worthy  of  pres- 
ervation: 

"Sept.  26th,  nursday. — Embarked  at  the  usual 
hour,  and  after  much  labor  in  passing  through 
the  rapids,  arrived  at  the  foot  of  the  Falls  about 
three  or  four  o'clock ;  unloaded  my  boat,  and  had 
the  principal  part  of  her  cargo  carried  over  the 
portage.  With  the  other  boat,  however,  fidl 
loaded,  they  were  not  able  to  get  ovei'  the  last 
shoot,  and  encamped  about  six  yards  below.  I 
pitched  my  tent  and  encamped  above  the  shoot. 
The  rapids  mentioned  m  this  day's  march,  might 
properly  be  called  a  continuation  of  the  Falls  of 
St.  Anthony,  for  they  are  e(|ually  entitled  to  this 
appellation,  with  the  Falls  of  the  Delaware  and 


76 


EXPLOBEBS  AND  PIONEEBS  OF  MIKXESOTA. 


Susquehanna.    Killed  one  deer.    Distance  nine 

miles 

Sept.  27th,  Friday.  Brought  over  the  residue 
of  my  loading  this  morning.  Two  men  arrived 
from  Mr.  Frazer.  on  St.  Peters,  for  my  dispatches. 
Tlus  business,  closing  and  sealing,  appeared  like 
a  last  adieu  to  tlie  civilized  world.  Sent  a  large 
packet  to  the  General,  and  a  letter  to  ilrs.  Pike, 
with  a  short  note  to  ilr.  Frazer.  Two  young 
Indians  brought  my  flag  across  by  land,  who  ar- 
rived yesterday,  just  as  we  came  in  sight  of  the 
Fall.  I  made  them  a  present  for  their  punctual- 
ity and  expedition,  and  the  danger  they  were  ex- 
posed to  from  the  journey.  Carried  our  boats  out 
of  the  river,  as  far  as  the  bottom  of  the  hiU. 

Sept.  2Sth,  Sat urdciy. — Brought  my  barge  over, 
and  put  her  in  the  river  above  the  Falls.  "RTiile 
we  were  engaged  with  her  three-fourths  miles 
from  camp,  seven  Intlians  painted  black,  appeared 
on  the  heights.  We  had  left  our  guns  at  the 
camp  and  were  entirely  defenceless.  It  occurred 
tome  that  they  were  the  small  party  of  Sioux  who 
were  obstinate,  and  would  go  to  war.  when  the 
other  part  of  the  bands  came  in ;  these  they 
proved  to  be  ;  they  were  better  armed  than  any  I 
had  ever  seen ;  having  guns,  bows,  arrows,  clubs, 
spears,  and  some  of  them  even  a  case  of  pistols. 
I  was  at  that  time  giving  my  men  a  dram ;  and 
givmg  the  cup  of  liquor  to  the  first,  he  drank  it 
off ;  but  I  was  more  cautious  with  the  remainder. 
I  sent  my  interpreter  to  camp  with  them,  to  wait 
my  coming  ;  ■wishing  to  purchase  one  of  their  war 
clubs,  it  being  made  of  elk  horn,  and  decorated 
■with  inlaid  work.  This  and  a  set  of  bows  and 
arrows  I  ■wished  to  get  as  a  curiosity.  But  the 
liquor  I  had  given  him  began  to  operate,  he  came 
back  for  me,  but  refusing  to  go  till  I  brought  my 
boat,  he  returned,  and  (I  suppose  being  offended) 
borrowed  a  canoe  and  crossed  the  river.  In  the 
afternoon  got  the  other  boat  near  the  top  of  the 
hill,  when  the  props  gave  way,  and  she  sUd  aU  the 
way  do^wn  to  the  bottom,  but  fortunately  -without 
injuring  any  person.  It  raining  very  hard,  we 
left  her.    Killed  one  goose  and  a  racoon. 

Sept.  29th,  Sunday.— I  killed  a  remarkably 
large  racoon.  Got  our  large  boat  over  the  port- 
age, and  put  her  in  the  river,  at  the  upper  land- 
ing ;  this  night  the  men  gave  suflicieut  proof  of 
their  fatigue,  by  all  thro\\ing  themselves  down  to 
sleep,  preferruig  rest  to  supper.    This  day  I  had 


but  fifteen  men  out  of  twenty-two ;  the  others 
were  sick.  This  voyage  could  have  been  per- 
formed with  great  convenience,  if  we  had  taken 
our  departure  in  June.  But  the  proper  time 
would  be  to  leave  the  Illinois  as  soon  as  the  ice 
would  permit,  -when  the  river  would  be  of  a  good 
height. 

Sept.  30th.  Monday. — Loaded  my  boat,  moved 
over  and  encamped  on  the  Island.  The  large  boats 
loading  likewise,  we  went  over  and  put  on  board. 
In  the  mean  time,  I  took  a  siurvey  of  the  Falls, 
Portage,  etc.  If  it  be  possible  to  pass  the  Falls 
in  high  water,  of  which  I  am  doubtful,  it  must 
be  on  the  East  side,  about  thirty  yards  from 
shore ;  as  there  are  three  layers  of  rocks,  one  be- 
low the  other.  The  pitch  off  of  either,  is  not 
more  than  five  feet ;  but  of  this  I  can  say  more 
on  my  return. 

On  the  tenth  of  October,  the  expedition 
reached  some  arge  island  below  Sauk  Eapids, 
where  in  1797.  Porlier  and  Joseph  Ken\ille  had 
wintered.  Six  days  after  this,  he  reached  the 
Rapids  in  Morrison  coimty,  which  still  bears  his 
name,  and  he  writes:  ''When  we  art)se  in  the 
moniing,  fomid  that  snow  had  fallen  during  the 
night,  the  ground  was  covered  and  it  continued 
to  snow.  This,  indeed,  was  but  poor  encourage- 
ment for  attacking  the  Rapids,  in  which  we  were 
certain  to  wade  to  our  necks.  I  was  determined, 
however,  if  possible  to  make  la  ri\iere  de  Cor- 
beau,  [Crow  Wing  River],  the  highest  point  was 
made  by  traders  in  their  bark  canoes.  We  em- 
barked, and  after  four  liom-s  work,  became  so 
benumbed  with  cold  that  our  limbs  were  perfectly 
useless.  We  put  to  shore  on  the  opposite  side  of 
the  river,  about  two-thirds  of  the  way  up  the 
rapids.  Built  a  large  fire ;  and  then  discovered 
that  our  boats  ■were  nearly  half  full  of  water; 
both  having  sprung  large  leaks  so  as  to  oblige  me 
to  keep  three  hands  bailing.  My  sergeant  (Ken- 
nerman)  one  of  the  stoutest  men  I  ever  knew, 
broke  a  blood-vessel  and  vomited  nearly  two 
quarts  of  blood.  One  of  my  corporals  (Bradley) 
also  evacuated  nearly  a  pint  of  blood,  ■when  he 
attempted  to  void  his  urine.  These  unhappy 
circumstances,  La  addition  to  the  inability  of 
four  other  men  wiiom  we  were  obliged  to  leave 
on  shore,  cominced  me,  that  if  I  had  no  regard 
for  my  own  health  and  constitution.  I  should 
have  some  for  those  poor  fellows,  who  were  kill- 


PIKE'S  BLOCK  MOUSE  NEAB  SWAN  BIVER. 


77 


ing  themselves  to  obey  my  orders.  After  we  had 
breakfast  and  refreshed  ourselves,  we  went  do\\n 
to  our  boats  on  the  rocks,  where  I  was  obliged  to 
leave  them.  I  then  informed  my  men  that  we 
would  return  to  the  camp  and  there  leave  some 
of  the  party  and  our  large  boats.  Tliis  informa- 
tion was  pleasing,  and  the  attempt  to  reach  the 
camp  soon  accomplished.  My  reasons  for  this 
step  have  partly  been  already  stated.  The  nec- 
essity of  unloading  and  refitting  my  boats,  the 
beauty  and  convenience  of  tlie  spot  for  building 
huts,  the  fine  pine  trees  for  peroques,  and  the 
quantity  of  game,  were  additional  inducements. 
We  immediately  unloaded  our  boats  and  secured 
their  cargoes.  In  the  evening  I  went  out  upon  a 
small,  but  beautiful  creek,  which  emptied  into 
the  Falls,  for  the  purpose  of  selecting  pine  trees 
to  make  canoes.  Saw  five  deer,  and  killed  one 
buck  weighing  one  hundred  and  thirty-seven 
pounds.  By  my  leaving  men  at  this  place,  and 
from  the  great  quantities  of  game  in  its  vicinity, 
I  was  ensured  plenty  of  provision  for  my  return 
voyage.  In  the  party  left  behind  was  one  hunter, 
to  be  continually  employed,  who  would  keep  our 
stock  of  salt  provisions  good.  Distance  two 
hinidred  and  tliirty-three  and  a  half  miles  above 
the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony. 

Having  left  his  large  boats  and  some  soldiers 
at  this  point,  he  proceeded  to  the  vicinity  of 
Swan  Kiver  where  he  erected  a  block  house,  and 
on  the  thirty-first  of  October  he  writes:  "En- 
closed my  little  work  completely  with  pickets. 
Hauled  up  my  two  boats  and  turned  tliem  over 
on  each  side  of  the  gateways ;  by  which  means 
a  defence  was  made  to  the  river,  and  had  it  not 
been  for  various  political  reasons,  I  would  have 
laughed  at  tlie  attack  of  eight  hundred  or  a 
thousand  savages,  if  all  my  party  were  within. 
For.  except  accidents,  it  would  only  have  afford- 
ed amusement,  the  Indians  having  no  idea  of 
taking  a  place  by  storm.  Found  myself  power- 
fully attacked  with  the  fantastics  of  tlie  brain, 
called  ennui,  at  the  mention  of  wliicli  I  had 
hitherto  scoffed  ;  but  my  books  being  packed  up, 
I  was  like  a  person  entranced,  and  coidd  easily 
conceive  why  so  many  persons  who  have  been 
confined  to  remote  places,  acquire  the  habit  of 
drinking  to  excess,  and  many  otlier  vicious  prac- 
tices, wliicli  have  been  adopted  merely  to  pass 
time. 


Dm-ing  the  next  month  he  hunted  the  buffalo 
which  were  then  in  that  vicinity.  On  the  third 
of  December  he  received  a  visit  from  Eobert 
Dickson,  afterwards  noted  in  the  history  of  the 
country,  who  was  then  trading  about  sixty  mUes 
belovi',  on  the  Mississippi. 

On  the  tenth  of  December  with  some  sleds  he 
continued  his  journey  northward,  and  on  the  last 
day  of  the  year  passed  Pine  River.  On  the  third 
of  January,  1800,  he  reached  tlie  trading  post  at 
Eed  Cedar,  now  Cass  Lake,  and  was  quite  indig- 
nant at  finding  the  British  flag  floating  from  the 
staff.  The  night  after  this  his  tent  caught  on 
fire,  and  he  lost  some  valuable  and  necessary 
clothing.  On  the  evening  of  the  eighth  he  reach- 
ed Sandy  Lake  and  was  hospitably  received  by 
Grant,  the  trader  in  charge.    lie  writes  . 

"Jan.  9th,  Tlmrsday. — Marched  the  corporal 
early,  in  order  that  our  men  should  receive 
assurance  of  our  safety  and  success.  He  carried 
with  him  a  small  keg  of  spirits,  a  present  from 
Mr.  Grant.  The  establishment  of  this  place  was 
formed  twelve  years  since,  by  the  Xortli-west 
Company,  and  was  formerly  under  the  charge  of 
a  Mr.  Charles  Brusky.  It  has  attained  at  present 
such  regtdarity,  as  to  permit  the  superintendent 
to  live  tolerably  comfortable.  They  have  liorses 
they  procured  from  Red  River,  of  the  Indians; 
raise  plenty  of  Irish  potatoes,  catch  pike,  suckers, 
pickerel,  and  white  fish  in  abundance.  They 
have  also  beaver,  deer,  and  moose ;  but  the  pro- 
vision they  chiefly  depend  upon  is  wild  oats,  of 
which  they  purchase  great  quantities  from  the 
savages,  giving  at  the  rate  of  about  one  dollar 
and  a  half  per  biisliel.  But  fl  lur,  pork,  and  salt, 
are  almost  interdicted  to  persons  not  principals 
in  the  trade.  Flour  sells  at  half  a  dollar ;  salt  a 
dollar:  pork  eighty  cents;  sugar  half  u  dollar; 
and  tea  foiu'  dollars  and  fifty  cents  per  pound. 
The  sugar  is  obtained  from  the  Indians,  and  is 
made  from  the  maple  tree." 

He  remained  at  Sandy  Lake  ten  days,  and  on 
the  last  day  two  men  of  the  Northwest  Company 
arrived  with  letters  from  Fon  du  Lac  Superior, 
one  of  which  was  from  Athapuscow,  and  had 
been  since  May  on  the  route. 

On  the  twentieth  of  January  began  his  journey 
to  Leech  Lake,  which  he  reached  on  the  lirst  of 
February,  and  was  hospitably  received  by   Hugh 


EXPLORERS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


McGillis,  tlie  head  of  the  Xorthwest  Company  at 
this  post. 

A  y\r.  ,\iulers(iii,  in  the  employ  of  Robert 
■  Difkson.  was  residhig  at  tlie  west  end  of  the  lake. 
"AVliile  here  he  hoisted  the  American  flag  in  the 
fort.  The  English  yacht  still  flying  at  the  top  of 
tlie  nagstatr.  lie  directed  the  Indians  and  his  sol- 
diers to  sluHit  at  it.  They  soon  Viroke  the  iron 
pin  to  which  it  was  fastened,  and  it  fell  to  the 
gronnd.  He  was  informed  b\  a  venerable  old 
Ojibway  chief,  called  Sweet,  that  the  Sioux  dwelt 
there  when  he  was  a  youth.  On  the  tenth  of 
February,  at  ten  o'clock,  he  left  Leech  Lake  with 
Corporal  Bradley,  the  trader  MctJillis  and  two  of 
liis  men.  and  at  sunset  arrived  at  lied  Cedar,  now 
Cass  Lake.  At  this  place,  iu  1798,  Thompson, 
emi)loyed  by  the  Northwest  Company  for  three 
\ears,  in  topographical  surveys,  made  some  ob- 
servations, lie  believed  that  a  line  from  the 
Lake  of  the  Woods  would  touch  the  sources  of 
the  Mississippi.  Pike,  at  this  point,  was  very 
kindly  treated  by  a  Canadian  named  Koy,  and  his 
Ojibway  squaw.  On  his  return  home,  he  reached 
Clear  River  on  the  seventh  of  April,  where  he 
fomid  his  canoe  and  men,  and  at  night  was  at 
Grand  Rapids,  Dickson's  trading  post.  He  talked 
until  fom-  o'clock  the  next  morning  with  this 
person  and  another  trader  named  Porlier,  He 
forbade  while  there,  the  traders  (ireignor  [Grig- 
non]  and  La  Jennesse,  to  sell  any  more  liquor  to 
Indians,  who  had  become  veiy  dnuiken  and  xni- 
riily.  On  the  tenth  he  again  reached  the  Falls 
of  Saint  Anthon.y.  He  writes  in  his  journal  as 
follows : 

Ai'iuL  nth,  Frldny. — Although  it  snowed  very 
hard  we  brought  over  both  boats,  and  descended 
the  river  to  the  island  at  the  entrance  of  the  St, 
Peter's.  I  sent  to  the  chiefs  and  informed  them 
I  had  something  to  communicate  to  them.  The 
Fits  de  Pincho  immediately  waited  on  me,  and 
informed  me  that  he  would  provide  a  place  for 
the  pmpose.  About  sundown  I  was  sent  for  and 
introduced  into  the  coimcil-house,  where  I  found 
a  great  many  chiefs  of  tlie  Sussitongs,  Gens  de 
Feuilles,  and  the  Gens  du  Lac.  The  Yanctongs 
had  not  yet  come  down.  They  were  all  awaiting 
for  my  arri^•al.  There  were  about  one  hundred 
lodges,  or  six  hundred  people;  we  were  saluted 
on  our  crossing  the  river  with  ball  as  usual.  The 
council-house  was  two  large  lodges,  capable  of 


containing  three  hundred  men.  In  the  upper 
were  forty  chiefs,  and  as  many  pipes  set  against 
the  poles,  alongside  of  which  I  had  the  Santeur's 
pipes  arranged.  I  then  informed  them  in  short 
detail,  of  my  transactions  with  the  Santeure;  but 
my  interpreters  were  not  capable  of  making  them- 
selves understood.  I  was  therefore  obliged  to 
omit  mentioning  every  particular  relative  to  the 
rascal  who  fired  on  my  sentinel,  and  of  the  scoun- 
drel who  broke  the  Fols  Avoins'  canoes,  and 
threatened  my  life;  the  interpreters,  however,  in- 
formed them  that  I  wanted  some  of  their  princi- 
pal chiefs  to  go  to  St.  Louis;  and  that  those  who 
thought  proper  might  descend  to  the  prairie, 
where  we  would  give  them  more  explicit  infor- 
mation. They  all  smoked  out  of  the  Santeur's 
pipe,  excepting  three,  who  were  painted  black, 
and  were  some  of  those  who  lost  their  relations 
last  winter.  I  invited  the  Fils  de  Pinchow,  and 
the  son  of  the  Killeur  Rouge,  to  come  over  and 
sup  with  me;  when  Mr.  Dickson  and  myself  en- 
deavored to  explain  what  I  intended  to  have  said 
to  them,  could  1  have  made  myself  imderstood; 
that  at  the  prairie  we  \\ould  have  all  things  ex- 
plained; that  I  \\as  desirous  of  making  a  liftter 
report  of  them  than  Captain  Lewis  could  do  from 
their  treatment  of  him.  The  former  of  those 
savages  was  the  person  who  remained  around  my 
post  all  last  winter,  and  treated  my  men  so  well; 
they  endeavored  to  excuse  their  people. 

"April  12th,  Saturday. — Embarked  early.  Al- 
though my  interpreter  had  been  frequently  up  the 
river,  he  could  not  tell  me  where  the  cave  (spoken 
of  by  Carver)  could  be  found ;  we  carefully 
sought  fen-  it,  but  in  vain.  At  the  Indian  village, 
a  few  miles  below  St.  I'eter's,  we  were  about  to 
pass  a  few  lodges,  but  on  receiving  a  very  partic- 
ular invitation  to  come  on  shore,  we  landed,  and 
were  received  in  a  lodge  kindly;  they  presented 
us  sugar,  I  gave  the  proprietor  a  dram,  and  was 
about  to  depart  when  he  demanded  a  kettle  of 
liquor;  on  being  refused,  and  after  I  had  left  the 
shore,  he  told  me  he  did  not  like  the  arrange- 
ments, and  that  he  would  go  to  war  this  summer, 
I  directed  the  interpreter  to  tell  him  that  if  I 
returned  to  St,  Peter's  with  the  troojis,  I  woidd 
settle  that  affair  with  him.  On  our  arrival  at  the 
St.  Croix,  I  found  the  Pettit  Corbeau  with  his 
people,  and  Messrs.  Frazer  and  'Wood.  We  had 
a  conference,  when  the  Pettit  Corbeau    made 


CAMEBON  SELLS  LIQUOR  TO  INDIANS. 


79 


many  apologies  for  the  misconduct  of  his  people; 
he  represented  to  us  the  different  maimers  in 
which  the  young  warriors  had  been  inducing  liiin 
to  go  to  war;  tliat  he  had  been  mucli  blamed  for 
dismissing  his  party  last  fall;  but  that  he  was  de- 
termined to  adhere  as  far  as  lay  in  his  power  to 
our  instructions;  that  he  thought  it  most  prudent 
to  remain  here  and  restrain  the  warriors.  He 
then  presented  me  with  a  beaver  robe  and  pipe, 
and  his  message  to  the  general.  Tliat  he  was 
determined  to  preserve  peace,  and  make  tlie  road 
clear;  also  a  remembrance  of  his  promised  medal. 
I  made  a  reply,  calculated  to  confirm  him  in  his 
good  intentions,  and  assured  him  that  he  should 
not  be  the  less  remembered  by  his  father,  althougli 
not  present.  I  was  informed  that,  notwithstand- 
ing the  instruction  of  his  license,  and  my  par- 
ticular request,  Murdoch  Cameron  liad  taken 
liquor  and  sold  it  to  the  Indians  on  the  river  St. 
Peter's,  and   that  his  partner  below  had  been 


equally  imprudent.  I  pledged  myself  to  prose- 
cute them  according  to  law;  for  they  have  been 
the  occasion  of  great  confusion,  and  of  much 
injury  to  the  other  traders.  Tliis  day  met  a 
canoe  of  ^Mr.  Dickson's  loaded  with  provisions, 
imder  the  charge  of  ilr.  Anderson,  brother  'of 
the  Mr.  ^Vnder.son  at  Leecli  Lake.  lie  politely 
offered  me  any  provision  he  had  on  board  (for 
which  Mr.  Dickson  had  given  me  an  order),  but 
not  now  being  in  want,  I  did  not  accept  of  any. 
This  day,  for  the  first  time,  I  observed  the  trees 
beginning  to  bud,  and  indeed  the  climate  seemed 
to  have  changed  very  materially  since  we  passed 
the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony." 

Tlie  strife  of  political  parties  growing  out  of 
the  French  Revolution,  and  the  declaration  of 
war  against  Great  Britahi  in  tlie  year  1812,  ])ost- 
poiied  tlie  military  occupation  of  the  Upjier 
Mississippi  by  the  United  States  of  America,  for 
several  vears. 


80 


EXPLOBERS  AND  PIONEEBS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


CIL^TEU  xin. 


TKE  TAILET  OF  THE  UPPER  MISSISSIPPI  DrKtN'G  SECOXD  WAPv  WITH  GREAT  BRITAIN. 


Dicteon  and  other  tn-l^rs  hoslil.?— Americ-in  stockade  at  Prairie  d\i  Chien— Fort 
Shelby  siirreod.Ts  to  U.  Col.  William  McKay  -Loyal  traders  Provencallc  and 
Faribault— Rising  Moose  or  One-eyed  Sioux— Capt.  Bulger  e^■acmltes  Fort 
McKay— IntcUi:;enco  of  Peace. 

Notwithstanding  the  professions  of  friendship 
made  to  Pike,  in  the  second  war  with  Great  Brit- 
ain, Dickson  and  others  were  found  bearing  arms 
against  the  Ecpublic. 

A  year  after  Pike  left  Prairie  du  Chien,  it  was 
e^^dent,  that  under  some  secret  influence,  the 
Indian  tribes  were  combining  against  the  United 
States.  In  the  year  1809,  Nicholas  Jarrotdeelared 
that  the  British  traders  were  furnishing  the  sav- 
ages mth  guns  for  hostile  purposes.  On  the  first 
of  May,  1812.  two  Indians  were  apprehended  at 
Chicago,  who  were  on  their  way  to  meet  Dickson 
at  Green  Bay.  They  had  taken  the  precaution 
to  liide  letters  in  their  moccasins,  and  bm-y  them 
in  the  ground,  and  were  allowed  to  proceed  after 
a  brief  detentitm.  Frazer,  of  Prairie  du  Chien. 
who  had  been  with  Pike  at  the  Council  at  tlie 
mouth  of  the  Minnesota  Elver,  was  at  the  port- 
age of  tlie  'Wisconsin  when  the  Indians  deUvered 
these  letters,  which  stated  that  tlie  British  flag 
woidd  soon  be  flying  again  at  ilackiuaw.  At 
Green  Bay,  the  celebrated  warrior.  Black  Hawk, 
was  placed  in  charge  of  the  Indians  who  were  to 
aid  the  British.  Tlie  American  troops  at  Macki- 
naw were  obliged,  on  the  seventeenth  of  July. 
1812,  to  capitulate  without  firing  a  single  gim. 
One  who  was  made  prisoner,  writes  from  Detroit 
to  the  Secretary  of  War  : 

"  The  persons  who  commanded  the  Indians  are 
Kobert  Dickson.  Indian  trader,  and  John  Askin. 
Jr..  Indian  agent,  and  his  son.  The  latter  two 
were  painted  and  dressed  after  the  manner 
of  the  Indians.  Those  wlio  commanded  the 
Canadians  are  John  Johnson.  Crawford,  Pothier, 
Armitinger,  La  Croix,  Bolette,  Franks,  Living- 
ston, and  other  traders,  some  of  whom  were  lately 
concerned  in  smuggling  British  goods  into  the 


Indian  country,  and,  in  conjunction  with  others, 
have  been  using  their  utmost  efforts,  several 
months  before  the  declaration  of  war,  to  excite 
the  Indians  to  take  np  arms.  The  least  resist- 
ance from  the  fort  would  have  been  attended 
^\-ith  the  destruction  of  all  the  persons  who  fell 
mto  the  hands  of  the  British,  as  I  have  been  as- 
sured by  some  of  the  British  traders," 

On  the  first  of  May,  1814,  Governor  Clark, 
with  two  hundred  men,  left  St.  Louis,  to  build  a 
fort  at  the  junction  of  the  Wisconsm  and  Missis- 
sippi. Twenty  days  before  he  arrived  at  Prairie 
du  Chien,  l)ickson  had  started  for  Mackinaw 
with  a  band  of  Dahkotahs  and  Winnebagoes. 
The  place  was  left  m  command  of  Captain  Deace 
and  the  Mackinaw  Fencibles.  The  Dahkotahs 
refusing  to  co-operate,  when  the  Americans  made 
their  appearjince  they  fled.  The  Americans  took 
possession  of  the  old  ^tlackinaw  house,  in  wliieh 
they  found  nine  or  ten  trunks  of  papers  belong- 
ing to  Dickson.  From  one  they  took  the  follow- 
ing extract : 

'■  •  Arrived,  from  below,  a  few  'Winnebagoes 
with  scalps.  Gave  tliem  tobacco,  six  pomids 
powder  and  six  pounds  ball.' " 

A  fort  was  immediately  commenced  on  the 
site  of  the  old  residence  of  the  late  H.  L.  Dous- 
man,  which  was  composed  of  two  block-houses 
m  the  angles,  and  another  on  the  bank  of  the 
river,  with  a  subterranean  communication.  In 
honor  of  the  governor  of  Kentucky  it  was  named 
"  Shelby." 

The  fort  was  in  charge  of  Lieutenant  Perkins, 
and  sixty  rank  and  file,  and  two  gunboats,  each 
of  whidi  carried  a  six-pounder ;  and  several 
howitzers  were  commanded  by  Captains  Yeiser, 
Sullixaii,  and  Aid-de-camp  Kennerly. 

Tlie  traders  at  Mackinaw,  learning  that  the 

j  Americans  had  built  a  fort  at  the  Prairie,  and 

knowing  that  as  long  as  they  held  possession 

they  would  be  cut  oH  from  the  trade  with  the 


LOYALTY  OF  FABIBAULT  AND  THE  ONE-EYED  SIOUX. 


81 


Dabkotabs,  immediately  raised  an  expedition  to 
capture  tbe  garrison. 

The  captain  was  an  old  trader  by  the  name  of 
McKay,  and  nnder  bim  was  a  sergeant  of  ar- 
tillery, witb  a  brass  six-ponnder,  and  three  or 
four  volunteer  companies  of  Canadian  voyageurs, 
officered  by  Captains  Griguon,  Kolette  and  An- 
derson, with  Lieutenants  Brisbois  and  Duncan 
Graham,  all  dressed  in  red  coats,  with  a  number 
of  Indians. 

The  Americans  had  scarcely  completed  their 
rude  fortification,  before  the  British  force,  guid- 
ed by  Joseph  Rolette,  Sr.,  descended  in  canoes 
to  a  point  on  the  "Wisconsin,  several  miles  from 
the  Prairie,  to  which  tliey  marched  in  battle 
array.  McKay  sent  a  flag  to  tbe  Fort  demanding 
a  surrender.  Lieutenant  Perkins  replied  tliat  he 
would  defend  it  to  the  last. 

A  fierce  encounter  took  place,  in  which  the 
Americans  were  worsted.  The  officer  was 
wounded,  several  men  were  killed  and  one  of 
their  boats  captured,  so  that  it  became  necessary 
to  retreat  to  St.  Louis.  Fort  Shelby  after  its 
capture,  was  called  Fort  McKay. 

Among  the  traders  a  few  remained  loyal,  es- 
pecially Provencalle  and  J.  B.  Faribault,  traders 
among  the  Sioux.  Faribault  was  a  prisoner 
among  the  British  at  the  time  Lieut.  Col.  "VVm. 
McKay  was  preparing  to  attack  Fort  Shelby,  and 
he  refused  to  perform  any  service,  Faribault's 
wife,  who  was  at  Prairie  du  Cliien,  nfit  knowing 
that  her  husband  was  a  jsrisoner  in  the  hands  of 
the  advancing  foe,  fled  v/ith  others  to  the  Sioux 
village,  where  is  now  the  city  of  Winona.  Fari- 
bault was  at  length  released  on  parole  and  re- 
turned to  his  trading  post. 

Pike  writes  of  his  flag,  that  "being  in  doubt 

whether  it  had  been  stolen  by  the  Indians,  or  had 

fallen  overboaid  and  floated  away,  I  sent  for  my 

friend  the  Orignal  Leve."'     He  also  calls  the 

Chief,  Rising  Moose,  and  gives  his  Sioux  name 

Tahamie.    He  was  one  of  those,  who  in  1805, 

signed  the  agreement,  to  siu'render  land  at  the 

junction  of  the  Miimesota  and  Mississippi  Rivers 

to    the    United    States.    He    had  but  one  eye, 

having  lost  the  other  when  a  boy,  belonged  to 

the  Wapasha  band  of  the  Sioux,  and  proved 

true  to  the  flag  which  had  waved  on  the  day  be 

sat  in  council  with  Pike. 

In  the  fall  of  1814,  with  another  of  the  same 
6 


nation,  he  ascended  the  Jlissouri  under  the  pro- 
tection of  the  distinguished  trader,  Manual  Lisa, 
as  far  as  the  Au  Jacques  or  James  River,  and 
from  thence  struck  across  the  country,  enlisting 
the  Sioux  in  favour  of  the  United  States,  and  at 
length  arrived  at  Prairie  du  Chien.  On  his  arri- 
val, Dickson  accosted  him,  and  inquired  from 
whence  he  came,  and  what  was  his  business ;  at 
tbe  same  time  rudely  snatching  his  bundle  from 
his  shoulder,  and  searching  for  letters.  The 
"one-eyed  warrior"  told  him  that  he  was  from 
St.  Louis,  and  that  he  liad  promised  the  white 
chiefs  there  that  he  would  go  to  Prairie  du  Cluen, 
and  that  he  had  kept  his  promise 

Dickson  then  placed  him  in  confinement  in 
Fort  McKay,  as  the  garrison  was  called  by  the 
British,  and  ordered  him  to  divulge  what  infor- 
mation he  possessed,  or  he  would  put  him  to 
death.  But  the  faithful  fellow  said  lie  would 
impart  nothing,  and  that  he  was  ready  for  death 
if  he  wished  to  kill  him.  Finding  that  confine- 
ment had  no  effect,  Dickson  at  last  liberated  him. 
He  then  left,  and  visited  the  bands  of  Sioux  on 
the  Upper  Alississippi,  with  which  be  passed  the 
winter.  When  he  returned  in  the  spring,  Dick- 
son had  gone  to  Mackinaw,  and  Capt.  A.  Bulger, 
of  the  Royal  Xew  Foundland  Regiment,  was  in 
command  of  tbe  fort. 

On  tbe  twenty-third  of  May,  1815,  Capt.  Bul- 
ger, wrote  from  Fort  McKay  to  Gov.  Clark  at  St. 
Louis :  "  Official  intelligence  of  peace  reached 
me  yesterday.  I  propose  evacuating  the  fort, 
taldng  with  me  the  guns  captured  in  the  fort.  * 
*  *  *  I  have  not  the  smallest  hesitation  in 
declaring  my  decided  opinion,  that  the  presence 
of  a  detachment  of  British  and  United  States 
troops  at  the  same  time,  would  be  the  means  of 
embroiling  one  party  or  the  other  in  a  fresh  rup- 
ture with  the  Indians,  which  I  presume  it  is  the 
wish  of  both  governments  to  avoid." 

The  next  month  the  "  One-Eyed  Sioux,"  with 
three  other  Indians  and  a  squaw,  visited  St.  Louis, 
and  be  informed  Gov.  Clark,  that  the  British 
commander  left  the  cannons  in  the  fort  when  he 
evacuated,  but  in  a  day  or  two  came  back,  took 
the  cannons,  and  fired  the  fort  with  the  American 
flag  flying,  but  that  he  rushed  in  and  saved  it 
from  being  burned.  From  this  time,  the  British 
flag  ceased  to  float  m  the  Valley  of  the  Missis- 
sippi. 


82 


EXPLOBEES  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 


LOXG'S  expedition,  a.  D.  i817,  in  a  six-oared  skiff,  to  TETE  falls  of  saint  ANTHONY. 


Carver  s  Grandsons.— Roque,  Sioui  Interpreter.— Wapashuw's  Village  and  its 
Vicinity.— X  Siicred  Dance.— Indian  Village  Below  Daj-ton's  Bluff.— Carver's 
Cave.— Fountain  Cave.— Falls  of  St.  Anthony  Described.— Sit«  or  a  Fort. 

Major  Stephen  K.  Long,  of  the  Engineer  Corps 
of  the  United  States  Army,  learning  that  there 
was  little  or  no  danger  to  be  apprehended  from 
the  Indians,  determined  to  ascend  to  the  Falls  of 
Saint  Anthony,  in  a  six-oared  skiff  presented  to 
him  by  Governor  Clark,  of  Saint  Louis.  His 
party  consisted  of  a  Mr.  Hempstead,  a  native  of 
Kew  London,  Connecticut,  who  had  been  living 
at  Prairie  du  Chien,  seven  soldiers,  and  a  half- 
breed  interpreter,  named  Koque.  A  bark  canoe 
accompanied  them,  containing  Messrs.  Gun  and 
King,  grandsons  of  the  celebrated  traveler,  Jona- 
than Carver. 

On  the  ninth  ot  ouly,  1817,  the  expedition  left 
Prairie  du  Chien,  and  on  the  twelfth  arrived  at 
''  Trempe  a  I'eau."    He  writes : 

"  When  we  stopped  for  breakfast,  Mr.  Hemp- 
stead and  myself  ascended  a  high  peak  to  take  a 
view  of  the  country.  It  is  known  by  the  name 
of  the  Kettle  Hill,  having  obtained  this  appella- 
tion from  the  circumstance  of  its  having  numer- 
ous piles  of  stone  on  its  top,  most  of  them 
fragments  of  the  rocky  stratifications  which 
constitute  the  principal  part  of  the  hill,  but  some 
of  them  small  piles  made  by  the  Indians.  These 
at  a  distance  have  some  simiUtude  of  kettles 
arranged  along  upon  the  ridge  and  sides  of  the 
hill.  From  this,  or  almost  any  other  enunence  in 
its  neighborhood,  the  beauty  and  grandeur  of  the 
prospect  would  baffle  the  skill  of  tlie  most  inge- 
nious pencil  to  depict,  and  that  of  the  most  ac- 
compUshed  i)en  to  describe.  Hills  marshaled 
into  a  variety  of  agreeable  shapes,  some  of  them 
towering  into  lofty  peaks,  while  others  present 
broad  summits  embeUished  with  contours  and 
slopes  in  the  must  pleasing  manner ;  champaigns 
and  wa\Tng  valleys;  forests,  lawns,  and  parks 
alternating  with  each  other;  the  humble  Missis- 


sippi meandering  far  below,  and  occasionally 
losing  itself  in  numberless  islands,  give  variety 
and  beauty  to  the  picture,  while  rugged  chffs  and 
stupendous  precipices  here  and  there  present 
themselves  as  if  to  add  boldness  and  majesty  to 
the  scene.  In  the  midst  of  this  beautiful  scenery 
is  situated  a  village  of  the  Sioux  Indians,  on  an 
extensive  lawn  called  the  Aux  Aisle  Prairie  ;  at 
which  we  lay  by  for  a  cuort  time.  On  our  arrival 
the  Indians  hoisted  two  American  flags,  and  we 
returned  the  compliment  by  discharging  our 
blunderbuss  and  pistols.  Tliey  then  fired  several 
guns  ahead  of  us  by  way  of  a  salute,  after  which 
we  landed  and  were  received  with  much  friend- 
ship. The  name  of  their  chief  is  Wauppaushaw, 
or  the  Leaf,  commonly  called  by  a  name  of  the 
same  import  in  French,  La  Feuille,  or  La  Fye, 
as  it  is  pronounced  in  English.  He  is  considered 
one  of  the  most  honest  and  honorable  of  any  of 
the  Indians,  and  endeavors  to  inculcate  into  the 
minds  of  his  people  the  sentiments  and  principles 
adopted  by  himself.  He  was  not  at  home  at  the 
time  I  called,  and  I  had  no  opportunity  of  seeing 
him.  The  Indians,  as  I  suppose,  "nith  the  ex- 
pectation that  I  had  something  to  communicate 
to  them,  assembled  themselves  at  the  place 
where  I  landed  and  seated  themselves  upon  the 
grass.  I  inquired  if  their  chief  was  at  home, 
and  was  answered  in  the  negative.  I  then  told 
them  I  should  be  very  glad  to  see  him,  but  as  he 
was  absent  I  would  call  on  him  again  in  a  few 
days  when  I  should  return.  I  further  told  them 
that  our  father,  the  new  President,  wished  to  ob- 
tain some  more  information  relative  to  his  red 
children,  and  that  I  was  on  a  tour  to  acquire  any 
intelhgence  he  might  stand  in  need  of.  With 
this  they  appeared  weU  satisfied,  and  permitted 
Mr.  Hempstead  and  myself  to  go  through  their 
vUlage.  Wliile  I  was  in  tlie  wigwam,  one  of  the 
subordinate  chiefs,  whose  name  was  Wazzecoota, 
or  Shooter  from  the  Pine  Tree,  volunteered  to 


INITIATION  OF  A  WABBIOB  BY  A  SACBED  DANCE. 


83 


accompany  me  up  the  river.  I  accepted  of  his 
services,  and  lie  was  ready  to  attend  me  on  the 
tonr  in  a  very  short  time.  When  we  liove  in 
siglit  the  Indians  were  engaged  in  a  ceremony 
called  the  Bcdr  Dance;  a  ceremony  wliich  they 
are  in  the  habit  of  performing  wlien  any  young 
man  is  desirous  of  bringing  himself  into  particu- 
lar notice,  and  is  considered  a  kind  of  initiation 
into  the  state  of  manhood.  I  went  on  to  the 
ground  where  they  had  their  performances, 
which  were  ended  sooner  than  usual  on  account 
of  our  arrival.  Tliere  was  a  kind  of  flag  made 
of  favraiskin  dressed  with  the  hair  on,  suspended 
on  a  pole,  tpon  the  flesh  side  of  it  were  drawn 
certain  rude  figures  indicative  of  the  dream 
which  it  is  necessary  the  young  man  shoidd  have 
dreamed,  before  he  can  be  considered  a  proper 
candidate  for  this  kind  of  initiation ;  with  this  a 
pipe  was  suspended  by  way  of  sacrifice.  Two 
arrows  were  stuck  up  at  the  foot  of  the  pole, 
and  fragments  of  painted  feathers,  etc.,  were 
strewed  about  the  ground  near  to  it.  These  per- 
tained to  the  religious  rites  attending  tlie  cere- 
mony, which  consists  in  bewailing  and  self-mor- 
tiflcation,  that  the  Good  Spirit  may  be  induced 
to  pity  them  and  succor  their  undertaking. 

"  At  the  distance  of  two  or  three  hundred 
yards  from  the  flag,  is  an  excavation  which  they 
call  the  bear's  hole,  prepared  for  the  occasion. 
It  is  about  two  feet  deep,  and  has  two  ditches, 
about  one  foot  deep,  leading  across  it  at  right  an- 
gles. The  young  hero  of  the  farce  places  himself 
in  this  hole,  to  be  hunted  by  the  rest  of  the  young 
men,  all  of  whom  on  this  occasion  are  dressed  in 
their  best  attire  and  painted  in  their  neatest  style. 
The  hunters  approach  the  hole  in  the  direction  of 
one  of  the  ditches,  and  discharge  their  guns, 
which  were  previously  loaded  for  tlie  purpose 
with  blank  cartridges,  at  the  one  who  acts  the 
part  of  the  bear ;  whereupon  he  leaps  frcun  his 
den,  having  a  hoop  in  each  hand,  and  a  wooden 
lance  ;  the  hoops  serving  as  forefeet  to  aid  him 
in  characterizing  his  part,  and  his  lance  to  defend 
him  from  his  assailants.  Thus  accoutred  he 
dances  round  the  place,  exhibiting  various  feats 
of  activity,  while  the  other  Indians  pursue  him 
and  endeavor  to  trap  him  as  he  attempts  to  re- 
turn to  his  den,  to  effect  whicli  he  is  privileged  to 
use  any  violence  he  pleases  with  impunity  against 


his  assailants,  and  even  to  taking  the  Ufe  of  any 
of  them. 

"  This  part  of  the  ceremony  is  performed  three 
times,  that  the  bear  may  escape  from  his  den 
and  return  to  it  again  through  three  of  the  ave- 
nues communicating  with  i* .  On  being  hunted 
from  the  fourth  or  last  avenue,  the  bear  must 
make  his  escape  through  all  hi^  pursuers,  if  pos- 
sible, and  flee  to  the  woods,  whei  hv.  i  >  t  j  remain 
through  tlie  day.  This,  however,  is  seldom  or 
never  accomplished,  as  all  the  young  men  exert 
themselves  to  the  utmost  in  order  to  trap  him. 
When  caught,  he  must  retire  to  a  lodge  erected  for 
his  reception  in  the  field,  where  he  is  to  be  .se- 
cluded from  all  society  through  the  day,  except 
one  of  his  particular  friends  whom  he  is  allowed 
to  take  with  him  as  an  attendant.  Here  he 
smokes  and  performs  various  other  rites  which 
superstition  has  led  the  Indians  to  believe  are  sa- 
cred. After  this  ceremon;  is  ended,  the  young 
Indian  is  considered  qualified  to  act  any  part  as 
an  eflicient  member  of  their  community.  The 
Indian  who  has  the  good  fortune  to  catch  the 
bear  and  overcome  him  when  endeavoring  to 
make  his  escape  to  the  woods,  is  considered  a 
candidate  for  preferment,  and  is  on  the  first  suit- 
able occasion  appointed  the  leader  of  a  small  war 
party,  in  order  that  he  may  further  have  an  op- 
portunity to  test  his  prowess  and  perform  more 
essential  service  in  belialf  of  his  nation.  It  is 
accordingly  expected  that  he  will  kill  some  of 
their  enemies  iuid  return  with  their  scalps.  I  re- 
gretted very  much  that  I  had  missed  the  oppor- 
tunity of  witnessing  this  ceremony,  whicli  is 
never  performed  except  when  prompted  by  the 
particular  dreams  of  one  or  other  of  the  young 
men,  who  is  never  complimented  twice  in  the 
.same  manner  on  account  of  his  dreams." 

On  the  sixteenth  he  approached  the  vicinity  of 
where  is  now  the  capital  of  Minnesota,  and 
writes :  "  Set  sail  at  half  past  four  this  morning 
with  a  favorable  breeze.  Passed  an  Indian  bury- 
ing ground  on  our  left,  the  first  that  I  have  seen 
surrounded  by  a  fence.  In  the  centre  a  pole  is 
erected,  at  the  foot  of  which  religious  rites  are 
performed  at  the  burial  of  an  Indian,  by  the 
particular  friends  and  relatives  of  the  deceased. 
Upon  the  pole  a  flag  is  susi)ended  when  any  per- 
son of  extraordinary  merit,  or  one  who  is  very 
much  beloved,  is  buried.      In  the  enclosure  were 


84 


EXPLOBEBS  AND  PIOXEEBS  OF  MINNESOIA. 


two  scaffolds  erected  also,  about  six  feet  high 
aiid  sLx  feet  square.  Upon  one  of  tliem  were  two 
coffins  containing  dead  bodies.  Passed  a  Sioux 
village  on  our  right  containing  fourteen  cabins. 
The  name  of  tlie  chief  is  the  Petit  Corbeau,  or 
Little  Eaven.  Tlie  Indians  were  all  absent  on  a 
hunting  party  up  the  Biver  St.  Croix,  which 
is  but  a  little  distance  across  the  country  from 
the  village.  Of  this  we  were  very  glad,  as  this 
baud  are  said  to  be  the  most  notorious  beggars 
of  all  the  Sioux  on  the  Mississippi.  One  of  their 
cabins  is  furnished  with  loop  holes,  and  is  sit- 
uated so  near  tlie  water  that  the  opposite  side 
of  the  river  is  within  musket-shot  range  from 
the  building.  By  this  means  the  Petit  Corbeau 
is  enabled  to  exercise  a  command  over  the  pass- 
age of  the  river  and  has  in  some  instances  com- 
pelled ti-aders  to  land  with  their  goods,  and  in- 
duced them,  probably  through  fear  of  offendmg 
him.  to  bestow  presents  to  a  considerable  amount, 
before  he  would  suffer  them  to  pass.  The  cabins 
are  a  kind  of  stockade  buildings,  and  of  a  better 
appearance  than  any  Indian  dwellings  I  have 
before  met  with. 

"  Two  miles  above  the  tillage,  on  the  same 
side  of  the  river,  is  Carver's  Cave,  at  which  we 
stopped  to  breakfast.  However  interesting  it 
may  have  been,  it  does  not  possess  that  character 
in  a  very  high  degree  at  present.  Wc  descend- 
ed it  with  lighted  candles  to  its  lower  exti-emity. 
The  entrance  is  very  low  and  about  eight  feet 
broad,  so  that  a  man  in  order  to  enter  it  must  be 
completely  prostrate.  The  angle  of  descent 
within  the  cave  is  about  25  deg.  The  flooring 
is  an  inclined  plane  of  quicksand,  formed  of  the 
rock  in  which  the  cavern  is  formed.  The  dist- 
ance from  its  entrance  to  its  inner  extremity  is 
twenty-four  paces,  and  the  widtli  in  the  broadest 
part  about  nine,  and  its  greatest  heiglit  about 
seven  feet.  In  shape  it  resembles  a  bakers's  oven. 
The  cavern  was  once  probalily  much  more  ex- 
tensive, ily  interpreter  uiformed  me  that,  since 
his  remembrance,  the  entrance  was  not  less 
than  ten  feet  high  and  its  length  far  greater  than 
at  present.  The  rock  in  which  it  is  formed  is 
a  very  wliite  sandstone,  so  friable  that  the  frag- 
ments of  it  will  almost  cnunble  to  sand  when 
taken  into  the  hand.  A  few  yards  below  the 
mouth  of  the  cavern  is  a  very  copious  spring  of 
flue  water  issuing  from  the  bottom  of  the  cUff. 


"  Five  miles  above  this  is  the  Foimtain  Cave, 
on  the  same  side  of  the  river,  formed  in  the  same 
kind  of  sandstone  but  of  a  more  pure  and  fine 
quality.  It  is  far  more  curious  and  interesting 
than  the  former.  The  entrance  of  the  cave  is  a 
large  mnding  hall  about  one  hundred  and  fifty 
feet  in  length,  fifteen  feet  in  width,  and  from 
eight  to  sLxteen  feet  in  height,  finely  arched 
overhead,  and  nearly  peiTiendicular.  Jsext  suc- 
ceeds a  narrow  passage  and  difficult  of  entrance, 
which  opens  into  a  most  beautiful  circular  room, 
finely  arched  above,  and  about  forty  feet  in  di- 
ameter. The  cavern  then  continues  a  meander- 
ing course,  expanding  occasionally  into  small 
rooms  of  a  cu'cular  form.  We  penetrated  about 
one  himdred  and  fifty  yards,  till  our  candles 
began  to  fail  us,  when  we  retiuned.  To  beauti- 
fy and  embellish  the  scene,  a  fine  crystal  stream 
flows  throiigli  the  cavern,  and  cheers  the  lone- 
some dark  retreat  with  its  enlivening  murmurs. 
The  temperatiu-e  of  the  water  in  the  cave  was 
46  deg.,  and  that  of  the  air  6(1  deg.  Entering 
this  cold  reti-eat  from  an  atmosphere  of  89  deg., 
I  tliought  it  not  prudent  to  remain  in  it  long 
enough  to  take  its  several  dimensions  and  me- 
ander its  courses  ;  particularly  as  we  had  to  wade 
in  water  to  our  knees  in  many  places  in  order  to 
penetrate  as  far  as  we  went.  The  fountain  sup- 
plies an  abimdance  of  water  as  fine  as  I  ever 
drank.  This  cavern  I  was  informed  by  my 
interpreter,  has  been  discovered  but  a  few  years. 
That  the  Indians  formerly  li-sdng  in  its  neighbor- 
hood knew  nothuig  of  it  till  within  six  years 
past.  Tliat  it  is  not  the  same  as  that  described 
by  Carver  is  evident,  not  only  from  this  circiun- 
stance,  but  also  from  the  circumstance  that  in- 
stead of  a  stagnant  pool,  and  only  one  accessible 
room  of  a  very  different  form,  this  cavern  has 
a  brook  running  through  it,  and  at  least  four 
rooms  m  succession,  one  after  the  other.  Car- 
vers  Cave  is  fast  filling  up  with  sand,  so  that 
no  water  is  now  foimd  in  it,  whereas  this,  from 
the  very  nature  of  the  place,  must  be  enlarging, 
as  the  fountain  will  carry  along  with  its  current 
all  the  sand  tliat  falls  into  it  from  the  roof  and 
sides  of  the  cavern." 

On  the  night  of  the  sixteenth,  he  anived  at  the 
Falls  of  Saint  Anthony  and  encamped  on  the  east 
shore  just  below  tlie  cataract.  He  writes  in  his 
journal : 


DESCRIPTION  OF  FALLS  OF  SAINT  ANTHONY. 


80 


"The  place  where  we  encamperl  last  night  need- 
ed no  embellishment  to  render  it  romantic  in  the 
highest  degree.  The  banks  on  both  sides  of  the 
river  are  about  one  hundred  feet  high,  decorated 
with  trees  and  shrubbery  of  various  kinds.  The 
post  oak,  hickory,  walnut,  linden,  sugar  tree. 
white  birch,  and  the  American  box  ;  also  various 
evergreens,  such  as  the  pine,  cedar,  juniper, 
etc.,  added  their  embellishments  to  tlie  scene. 
Amongst  the  shrubery  were  the  prickly  ash, 
plum,  and  cherry  tree,  the  gooseberry,  the  black 
and  red  raspberry,  the  ehokeberry,  grape  vine, 
etc.  There  were  also  various  kinds  of  herbage 
and  flowers,  among  which  were  the  wild  parsley, 
rue,  spikenard,  etc.,  red  and  white  roses,  morning 
glory  and  various  other  handsome  flowers.  A 
few  yards  below  us  was  a  beautifid  cascade  of 
fine  spring  water,  pouring  down  from  a  project- 
ing precipice  about  one  hundred  feet  hight.  On 
our  left  was  the  Mississippi  hurrying  through  its 
channel  with  great  velocity,  and  about  three 
quarters  of  a  mile  above  us,  in  plain  view,  was 
the  majestic  cataract  of  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony. 
The  murmuring  of  the  cascade,  the  roaring  of  the 
river,  and  the  thunder  of  the  cataract,  all  contrib- 
uted to  render  the  scene  the  most  interestingand 
magniticient  of  any  I  ever  before  witnessed.'' 

'■Tlie  perpendicular  fall  of  the  water  at  the 
cataract,  was  stated  by  Pike  in  his  journal,  as  six- 
teen and  a  half  feet,  which  I  found  to  be  true  by 
actual  measurement.  To  this  height,  however, 
four  or  five  feet  may  be  added  fur  the  rapid  des- 
cent which  immediately  succeeds  to  the  perpen- 
dicular fall  witliin  a  few  yards  Ijelow.  Immedi- 
ately at  the  cataract  the  river  is  divided  into  two 
parts  by  an  island  which  extends  considerably 
above  and  below  the  cataract,  and  is  about  five 
hundred  yards  long.  The  channel  on  the  right 
side  of  the  Island  is  about  three  times  the  width 
of  that  on  the  left.  The  quanity  of  water  pass- 
ins  through  them  is  not,  however,  in  the  same 
proportion,  as  about  one-third  part  of  the  whole 
passes  througli  the  left  channel.  In  tlie  broadest 
channel,  just  below  the  cataract,  is  a  small  island 
also,  about  fifty  yards  in  length  and  thirty  in 
breadth.  Both  of  these  islands  contain  tlie  same 
kind  of  rocky  formation  as  the  banks  of  the  river, 
and  are  nearly  as  high.  Besides  tliese,  there  are 
immediately  at  the  foot  of  the  cataract,  two 
islands  of  very  inconsiderable  size,   situated  in 


the  right  channel  also.    The  rapids  commence 
several  hundred  yards  above  the  cataract  and 
continue  about  eight  miles  below.    Tlie  fall  of 
the  water,  beginning  at  the  head  of  the  rapids, 
and  extending  two  hundred  and  sixty  rods  down 
the  river  to  where  the  portage  road  commences, 
below  the  cataract  is,  according  to  Tike,  fifty- 
eight  feet.    If  this  estimate  be  correct  the  whole 
fall  from  the  head  to  the  foot  of  the  i-aiiids.  is  not 
probably  much  less  than  one  lumdred  feet.     But 
fls  I  had  no  instrument  sufficiently  accurate  to 
level,  where  the  view  must  necessarily  be  pretty 
extensive,  I  took  no  pains  to  ascertain  the  extent 
of  the  fall.    The  mode   I  adopted  to  ascertain 
the  height  of  a  cataract,  was  to  suspend  a  line 
and  plummet  from  the  table  rock  on  the  south 
side  of  the  river,  which  at  the  same  time  had 
very  little  water  passing  over  it  as  the  river  was 
unusually  low.    The  rocky  formations  at  this 
place  were  arranged  in  the  following  order,  from 
the  surface  downward.     A  coarse  kind  of  lime- 
stone in  thin  strata  containing  considerable  silex; 
a  kind  of  soft  friable   stone  of  a  greenish  color 
and  slaty  fracture,   probably    containing    lime, 
aluminum  and  silex  ;  a  very  beautiful  satratiflca- 
tion  of  shell  limestone,  in  thin  plates,  extremely 
regular  in  its  formation  and  containing  a  vast 
number  of    sliells,  all  apparently  of   the  same 
Itiud.    This  formation  constitutes  the  Table  Rock 
of  the  cataract.    The  next  in  order  is  a  white  or 
yellowish  sandstone,   so  easily  crumbled  that  it 
deserves  the  name  of  a  sandbank  rather  than  that 
of  a  rock.     It  is  of  various  depths,  from  ten  to 
fifty  or  seventy-five  feet,  ami  is  of  the  same  char- 
acter with  that  found  at  the  caves  before  des- 
cribed.   The  next  in  order  is  a  soft  friable  sand- 
stone, of  a  greenish  color,  similar  to  that  resting 
upon  the  shell  limestone.    These  stratilications 
(K'cupied  the  whole  space  from   the  low  water 
mark  nearly  to  the  top  of  the  bluffs.    On  the  east, 
or  rather  north  side  of  the  river,  at  the  Falls,  are 
high  grounds,  at  the  distance  of  half  a  mile  from 
the  river,  considerably  more  elevated  than  the 
bluffs,  and  of  a  hilly  aspect. 

Speaking  of  the  bluff  at  the  confluence  o^  Ae 
Mississippi  and  Minnesota,  he  writes:  "A  military 
work  of  considerable  magnitude  might  be  con- 
structed on  the  point,  and  might  be  rendered 
sufficiently  secure  by  occupying  the  commanding 
height  in  the  rear  in  a  suitable  manner,  as  the 


EXPLORERS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


latter  would  control  not  only  the  point,  but  all 
the  neighboring  heights,  to  the  full  extent  of  a 
tivelve  poimder"s  range.  The  work  on  the  pomt 
would  be  necessary  to  control  the  na\igation  of 
the  two  rivers.  But  without  the  commanding 
work  in  the  rear,  would  be  liable  to  be  greatly 
annoyed  from  a  height  situated  directly  opposite 


on  the  other  side  of  tlie  Mississippi,  which  is 
here  no  more  than  about  two  hundred  and  fifty 
yards  wide.  This  latter  height,  however,  would 
not  be  eligible  for  a  permanent  post,  on  account 
of  the  niunerous  ridges  and  ravines  situated  im- 
mediately in  its  rear." 


EABLY  HISTOBY  OF  BED  BIVEB  VALLEY. 


87 


CHAPTER  XV. 


THOMAS  DOUGLAS,  EABL  OF  SELKIRIC,  AND  THE  BED  EIVEB  VALLEY. 


Early  travelers  to  Lake  Winniiicg — Earliest  Map  by  the  Inilicin  Otcliaga — Benin's 
allusion  to  it —  Verendrye's  Map — De  la  Jenicraye's  Map — Fort  La  Reine — Fort 
on  Red  River  abandoned — Origin  of  name  Red  Lake — Earl  of  Selkirk— Ossini- 
boia  described — Scotch  imroiprants  at  Pembina — Strife  of  trading  companies — 
Earl  of  Selkirk  visits  America — Governor  Seniple  Killed— Romantic  life  of  John 
Tanner,  and  his  son  James — Letter  relative  to  Selkirk's  tour  through  Minne- 
sota. 

The  valley  of  the  Red  River  of  the  North  is 
not  only  an  important  portion  of  Mimiesota,  but 
has  a  most  interesting  history. 

While  there  is  no  evidence  that  Groselliers,  the 
first  ■white  man  ■who  explored  Minnesota,  ever 
visited  Lake  Winnipeg  and  the  Red  River,  yet  he 
met  the  Assineboines  at  the  heiid  of  Lake  Supe- 
rior and  at  Lake  Nepigon,  wMle  on  his  'way  by  a 
northeasterly  trail  to  Hudson's  Bay,  and  learned 
something  of  this  region  from  them. 
I  The  first  person,  of  whom  we  liave  an  account, 
wlio  visited  the  region,  was  an  Englishman,  who 
came  in  1692,  by  way  of  York  River,  to  AV'inni- 
peg. 

Ochagachs,  or  Otchaga,  an  intelligent  Indian,  in 
1728,  assured  Pierre  Gualtier  de  Varenne,  known 
in  history  as  the  Sieur  Verendrye,  while  he  was 
stationed  at  Lake  jSTepigon,  that  there  was  a 
communication,  largely  by  water,  west  of  Lake 
Superior,  to  the  Great  Sea  or  Pacific  Ocean.  The 
rude  map,  drawn  by  this  Indiiin,  was  sent  to 
France,  and  is  still  preserved.  Upon  it  is  marked 
Kamanistigouia,  the  fort  first  established  by  Du 
Luth.  Pigeon  River  is  called  Mantohavagane. 
Lac  Sasakanaga  is  marked,  and  Rainy  Lake  is 
named  Tecamemiouen.  The  river  St.  Louis,  of 
Minnesota,  is  R.  fond  du  L.  Superior.  The 
French  geographer,  Bellin,  in  his  "  Remarks 
upon  the  map  of  North  America,"  published  in 
1755,  at  Paris,  alludes  to  this  sketch  of  Ochagachs, 
and  says  it  is  the  earliest  drawing  of  the  region 
west  of  Lake  Superior,  in  the  Depot  de  la  Marine. 

After  this  Verendrye,  in  1737,  drew  a  map, 
which  remains  unpublished,  which  shows  Red 
Lake  in  Northern  Minnesota,  and  the  point  of 
the  Big  Woods  ui  the  Red  River  Valley.     There 


is  another  sketch  in  the  archives  of  France, 
drawn  by  De  la  Jemeraye.  He  was  a  nephew  of 
Verendrye,  and,  under  his  uncle's  orders,  he  was 
in  1731,  tlie  first  to  advance  from  the  Grand 
Portage  of  Lake  Superior,  by  way  of  the  Nalao- 
uagan  or  Groselliers,  now  Pigeon  River,  to  Rainy 
Lake.  On  this  appears  Fort  Rouge,  on  the  south 
bank  of  the  Assineboine  at  its  junction  with  the 
Red  River,  and  on  the  Assineboine,  a  post  estab- 
lished on  October  3,  1738,  and  called  Fort  La 
Reine.  Bellin  describes  the  fort  on  Red  River, 
but  asserts  that  it  was  abandoned  because  of  its 
vicinity  to  Fort  La  Reine,  on  the  imrth  side  of 
the  Assinneboine,  and  only  about  nine  miles  by 
a  portage,  from  Swan  Lake.  Red  Lake  and  Red 
River  were  so  called  by  the  early  French  explo- 
rers, on  accoxmt  of  the  reddish  tint  of  the  ■waters 
after  a  storm. 

Thomas  Douglas,  Earl  of  Selkirk,  a  wealthy, 
kind-hearted  but  visionary  Scotch  nobleman,  at 
the  commencement  of  the  present  century  formed 
the  design  of  planting  a  colony  of  agriculturists 
west  of  Lake  Superior.  In  the  year  1811  he 
obtained  a  grant  of  land  from  the  Hudson  Bay 
Company  called  Ossiniboia,  which  it  seems 
strange  has  been  given  up  by  the  people  of  Man- 
itoba. In  the  autumn  of  1812  a  few  Scotchmen 
with  their  families  arrived  at  Pembina,  in  the 
Red  River  Valley,  by  way  of  Hudson  Bay,  where- 
they  passed  the  winter.  In  the  winter  of  1813-14 
they  were  again  at  Fort  Daer  or  Pembiiui.  The 
colonists  of  Red  River  were  rendered  very  un- 
happy by  the  strife  of  rival  trading  companies. 

In  the  spring  of  1815,  McKenzie  and  ^lorrison, 
traders  of  the  Northwest  company,  at  Sandy 
Lake,  told  the  Ojibway  chief  there,  that  they 
would  give  him  and  his  band  all  the  goods  and 
rum  at  Leech  or  Sandy  Lakes,  if  they  would  an- 
noy the  Red  River  settlers. 

The  Earl  of  Selkirk  hearing  of  the  distressed 
condition  of  his  colony,  sailed  for  America,  and 


8S 


EXPLOSERS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


in  the  fall  of  ISlo,  arrived  at  2sew  York  City. 
Proceeding  to  Montreal  he  foimd  a  messenger 
who  had  travelfd  on  foot  in  mid-A\iuter  from  the 
Bed  River  by  way  of  Red  Lake  and  Fon  du  Lac, 
of  Lake  Superior.  He  sent  back  by  this  man, 
kind  messages  to  the  dispirited  settlers,  but  one 
night  he  'nas  A\ay-laid  near  Fon  dii  Lac,  and 
robbed  of  his  cauoe  and  dispatches.  An  Ojib- 
way  chief  at  Sandy  Lake,  afterwards  testified 
that  a  trader  named  Grant  offered  him  mm  and 
tobacco,  to  send  persons  to  intercept  a  bearer  of 
dispatches  to  Red  River,  and  soon  the  messenger 
■was  brought  in  by  a  negro  and  some  Indians. 

Failing  to  obtain  military  aid  from  the 
British  authorities  in  Canada,  Selkirk  made  an 
engagement  with  fom-  officers  and  eighty  privates, 
of  the  discharged  Meuron  regiment,  twenty  of 
the  De  "WattevUle,  and  a  few  of  the  Glengary 
Fencibles,  which  had  served  in  the  late  war  with 
the  United  States,  to  accompany  him  to  Red 
River.  They  were  to  receive  monthly  wages  for 
navigatLng  the  boats  to  Red  River,  to  have  lands 
assigned  them,  imd  a  free  passage  if  they  wished 
to  return. 

"When  he  reached  Sault  St.  Marie,  he  received 
the  inteUigeuce  that  the  colony  had  again  been 
destroyed,  and  that  Semple,  a  mild,  amiable,  but 
not  altogether  judicious  man,  the  chief  governor 
of  the  factories  and  territories  of  the  Hudson 
Bay  company,  residing  at  Bed  River,  had  been 
kiUed. 

Schoolcraft,  in  1832,  says  he  saw  at  Leech 
Lake,  Majegabom,  the  man  who  had  killed  Gov. 
Semple,  after  he  fell  wonnded  from  his  horse. 

Before  he  heard  of  the  death  of  Semple,  the 
Earl  of  Selkirk  had  made  arrangements  to  visit 
his  colony  byway  of  Fon  du  Lac,  on  the  St.  Louis 
_  River,  and  Red  Lake  of  Minnesota,  but  he  now 
changed  his  mind,  and  proceede<l  with  his  force 
to  Fort  "William,  the  cliief  trading  post  of  the 
Xorthwest  Company  on  Lake  Superior  ;  and  ap- 
prehending the  principal  partners,  warrants  of 
commitment  ^^•ere  issued,  and  they  were  I'orward- 
ed  to  the  Attorney-General  of  I'pper  Canada. 

While  Selkirk  was  engaged  at  Fort  William, 
a  party  of  c  p.iigrants  in  charge  of  ililes  McDon- 
nel.  Governor,  and  Captain  D'Orsomen,  went 
forward  to  reinforce  the  colony.  At  Rainy 
Lake  they  obtained  the  guidance  of  a  man  who 
had  all  the  characteristics  of  an  Indian,  and  yet 


had  a  bearing  which  suggested  a  different  origin. 
By  his  efficiency  and  temperate  habits,  he  had  se- 
cured the  respect  of  his  employers,  and  on  the  Earl 
of  Selkirk's  arrival  at  Red  River,  his  attention  was 
called  to  him,  and  in  his  TAelfare  he  became 
deeply  interested.  By  repeated  conversations 
with  him.  memories  of  a  different  kind  of  exist- 
ence were  aroused,  and  the  light  of  other  days 
began  to  brighten.  Though  he  bad  forgotten  his 
father's  name,  he  furnished  sufficient  data  for 
Selkirk  to  proceed  with  a  search  for  his  relatives. 
Visiting  the  United  States  in  1817,  he  published 
a  circular  in  the  papers  of  the  Western  States, 
which  led  to  the  identilicatiou  of  the  man. 

It  appeared  from  his  own  statement,  and 
those  of  his  friends,  that  his  name  was  John 
Tanner,  the  son  of  a  minister  of  the  gospel,  whc , 
about  the  year  1790,  lived  on  the  Ohio  river,  near 
the  Miami.  .Shortly  after  his  location  there,  a 
band  of  roving  Indians  passed  near  the  house.' 
and  fomid  John  Tanner,  then  a  little  boy,  filling 
his  hat  with  walnuts  from  under  a  tree.  They 
seized  him  and  fled.  The  party  was  led  by  an 
Ottawa  whose  wife  had  lost  a  son.  To  compen- 
sate for  Ids  death,  the  mother  begged  that  a  boy 
of  the  same  age  might  be  captured. 

Adopted  by  the  baud.  Tanner  grew  up  an 
Indian  in  his  tastes  and  habits,  and  was  noted 
for  bravery.  Selkirk  was  successful  in  finding 
his  relatives.  After  twenty-eight  yeai-s  of  sepa- 
ration. John  Tanner  in  1818,  met  his  brother 
Edward  near  Detroit,  and  went  with  him  to  his 
home  in  Missouri.  He  soon  left  his  brother,  and 
went  back  to  the  Indians.  For  a  time  he  was 
interpreter  for  Henry  R.  Schoolcraft,  but  became 
lazy  and  ill-natured,  and  in  1S36,  sktilking  behind 
some  bushes,  he  shot  and  killed  Schoolcraft's 
brother,  and  fled  to  the  wilderness,  where,  in 
1847,  he  died.  His  son,  James,  was  kindly  treat- 
ed by  the  missionaries  to  the  Ojibways  of  Minne- 
sota; but  he  walked  in  the  footsteps  of  his  father. 
In  the  year  1851,  he  attempted  to  impose  upon 
the  Presbyterian  minister  in  Saint  Paul,  and, 
when  detected,  called  upon  the  Baptist  minister, 
who,  believing  him  a  penitent,  cut  a  hole  in  the 
ice,  and  received  him  into  the  church  by  immer- 
sion. In  time,  the  Baptists  found  him  out,  when 
he  became  an  Unitarian  missionary,  and,  at  last, 
it  is  said,  met  a  death  by  violence. 
Lord  Selkirk  was  in  the  Red  River  Valley 


EAIiL  OF  SELKIBK  VISITS  SAINT  LOUIS. 


89 


(luring  the  summer  of  1817,  and  on  the  eighteenth 
of  July  concluded  a  tfeaty  with  the  Crees  an;! 
Saulteaux,  for  a  tract  of  land  beginning  at  the 
moutli  of  the  Red  River,  and  extending  along 
the  same  as  far  as  the  Great  Forks  (now  Grand 
Forl£s)  at  the  mouth  of  Red  JLake  River,  and 
along  the  Assinniboine  Riveras  far  as  JNliisk  Rat 
River,  and  extending  to  tlie  distance  of  six  miles 
from  Fort  Douglas  on  every  side,  and  likewise 
from  Fort  Daer  (Pembina)  and  also  from  the 
(ireat  Forks,  diid  in  other  parts  extending  to  the 
distance  of  two  miles  from  the  banks  of  the  said 
rivers. 

Having  restored  order  and  confidence,  attend- 
ed by  tliree  or  four  persons  lie  crossed  the  plains 
to  the  Minnesota  River,  and  from  thence  pro- 
ceeded to  St.  Loius.  The  Indian  agent  at 
Prairie  du  Chien  was  not  pleased  with  Selkirk's 
trip  througli  Iilinnesota ;  and  on  the  sixth  of 
February,  1818,  wrote  the  Governor  of  Illinois 
under  excitement,  some  groundless  suspicions  : 

•'  What  do  you  suppose,  sir,  has  been  the  re- 
sult of  the  passage  through  my  agency  of  this 
British  noblemauV  Two  entire  bands,  and  part 
of  a  third,  all  Sioux,  have  deserted  us  and  joined 
Dickson,  who  has  distributed  to  them  large  quan- 
tities of  Indian  presents,  together  with  flags, 
medals,  etc.  Knowing  this,  wliat  must  have  been 
my  feelings  ou  hearing  that  his  lordship  had  met 
with  a  favourable  reception  at  St.  Louis.  The 
newspapers  announcing  kin  arrival,  and  general 
iS'coH(>/i  appearance,  all  tend  to  discompose  me; 
believing  as  I  do,  that  he  is  plotting  with  his 
friend  Dickson  our  destruction — sharpening  the 
savage  scalping  knife,  and  colonizing  a  tract  of 
country,  so'reraote  as  that  of  the  Red  River,  for 
the  puiiwse,  no  doubt,  of  monopolizing  the  fur 
and  peltry  trade  of  this  river,  the  Missouri  and 
their  waters;  a  trade  of  the  first  importance  to 
our  Western  States  and  Territories.  A  courier 
who  had  anived  a  few  days  since,  confirms  the 
belief  that  Dickson  is  endeavouring  to  undo  what 
1  have  done,  and  secure  to  the  British  govern- 
ment the  affections  of  the  Sionx,  and  subject  the 
Northwest  Company  to  his  lordship.     *     *     * 


Dickson,  as  I  have  before  observed,  is  situated 
near  the  head  of  the  St.  Pet«r's,  to  which  place 
he  transports  his  goods  from  Selkirk's  Red  River 
establishment,  in  carts  made  for  the  purpose. 
The  trip  is  performed  in  five  days,  sometimes 
less.  He  is  directed  to  build  a  fort  on  the  high- 
est land  between  Lao  du  Traverse  and  Red  River, 
which  he  supposes  will  be  the  established  Unes 
This  fort  will  be  defended  by  twenty  men,  witli 
two  small  pieces  of  artillery." 

In  the  year  1820,  at  Berne,  Switzerland,  a  cir- 
cular was  issued,  signed,  R.  May  D'Uzistorf, 
Captain,  in  his  Britannic  Majesty's  service,  and 
agent  Plenipotentiary  to  Lord  Selkirk.  Like 
many  documents  to  induce  emigration,  it  was  so 
highly  colored  as  to  prove  a  delusion  and  a 
snare.  The  climate  was  represented  as  '■  mild 
and  healthy."  '•  Wood  either  for  building  or 
fuel  in  the  greatest-  plenty,"  and  the  country 
supplying  "in  profusion,  whatever  can  be  re- 
quired for  the  convenience,  pleasure  or  comfort 
of  life."  Remarkable  statements  considering 
that  every  green  thing  had  been  devoured  the 
year  before  by  grasshoppers. 

Under  the  influence  of  these  statements,  a  num- 
ber were  induced  to  embark.  In  the  spring  of 
1821,  about  two  hundred  persons  assembled  on 
the  banks  of  the  Rhine  to  proceed  to  the  region 
west  of  Lake  Superior.  Having  descended  the 
Rhine  to  the  vicinity  of  Rotterdam,  they  went 
aboard  the  ship  -  Lord  Wellington, ""  and  after  a 
voyage  across  the  Atlantic,  and  amid  the  ice- 
floes of  Iliidsoirs  Bay.  they  reached  York  Fort. 
Here  they  debarked,  and  entering  batteaux,  as- 
cended Nelson  River  for  twenty  days,  w  hen  they 
came  to  Lake  Winnipeg,  and  coasting  along  the 
west  shore  they  reached  tlie  Red  River  of  tlie 
Xortli,  to  feel  that  they  had  been  deluded,  and 
to  long  for  a  milder  clime.  If  they  did  not  sing 
the  Switzer's  Song  of  Home,  they  appreciated  its 
sentiments,  and  gradually  these  immigrants  re- 
moved to  the  banks  of  the  ilississippi  River. 
Some  settled  in  Minnesota,  and  were  the  first  t'; 
raise  cattle,  and  till  the  soil. 


90 


EXPLOBEBS  AXD  PIOXEEBS  OF  JfiyXESOTA. 


CHAPTEE  XYI. 

rOKT  SNELLING  DtTRING  ITS  OCCUPAXCT  BY  COSTPAXTES  OF  THE  FIFTH  EEGDrESTT  V.  S.  IXFANTRY, 

A.   D.   1819,  TO  A.  D.   1827. 


Orders  for  military  oocnpation  of  Upper  Mississippi— Leavenworth  and  Forsyth 
at  Prairie  du  Cliien— Birth  in  Camp — Troops  arrive  at  Mendota — Cantonment 
Established— Wheat  carried  to  Pembina— Notice  of  Devotion,  Frescott,  and 
Mi^jor  Taliaferro— Camp  Cold  Water  Established— Col.  Snelling  takes  command 
—Impressive  Scene — Officers  in  1S20 — Condition  of  the  Fort  in  18-21— Saint 
Anthony  Jtill— Alexis  Bailly  takes  canle  to  Pembina— Notice  of  Beltrami— 
ArrivaloffirstSteamboat—Xajor  Longs  Expedition  to  Northern  Boundary— 
Beltrami  visits  the  northern  sources  of  the  Mississippi — First  flfur  mill — First 
Sunday  School— Great  flood  in  1S26.  African  slaves  at  the  Fort — Steamboat 
Arrivals — Duels — Notice  of  William  Joseph  Snelling — Indian  fight  at  the  Fort- 
Attack  upon  keel  boats — General  Gaines*  report — Removal  of  Fifth  Regiment — 
Death  of  Colonel  Snelling. 

The  rumor  that  Lord  Selkirk  was  founding  a 
colony  on  the  borders  of  the  United  States,  and 
that  the  British  trading  companies  -nithin  the 
boundaries  of  what  became  tlie  territory  of  Min- 
nesota, convinced  tlie  authorities  at  Wasliington 
of  the  importance  of  a  military  occupation  of  the 
vaUey  of  the  Upper  Mississippi. 

By  direction  of  !Major  General  Brown,  the  fol- 
lowing order,  on  the  tenth  of  February,  1819,  was 
issued: 

"Major  General  ^ilacomb,  commander  of  the 
Fifth  Military  department,  will  without  delay, 
concentrate  at  Detroit  the  Fifth  Regiment  of  In- 
fantry, excepting  the  recruits  otherwise  directed 
by  the  general  order  herewith  transmitted.  As 
soon  as  the  navigation  of  the  lakes  will  admit,  he 
will  cause  the  regiment  to  be  transported  to  Fort 
Howard;  from  thence,  by  the  way  of  the  Fox 
and  Wisconsin  Rivers,  to  Prairie  du  Chien,  and, 
after  detaching  a  sufficient  number  of  companies 
to  garrison  Forts  Crawford  and  Armstrong,  the 
remainder  ■«-ill  proceed  to  the  mouth  of  the  River 
St.  Peter's,  where  they  will  establish  a  post,  at 
which  the  headquarters  of  the  regiment  will  be 
located.  The  regiment,  previous  to  its  depar- 
ture, ■vsill  receive  the  necessarj-  supplies  of  cloth- 
ing, provisions,  arms,  and  ammunition.  Imme- 
diate application  will  be  made  to  Brigadier  Gen- 
eral Jesup,  Quartermaster  General,  for  funds 
necessary  to  execute  the  movements  retjuired  by 
this  order." 

On  the  thirteenth  of  April,  this  additional  order 
was  issued,  at  Detroit :  — '  "-- 


"The  season  having  now  arrived  when  the 
lakes  may  be  navigated  vnth.  safety,  a  detach- 
ment of  the  Fifth  Regiment,  to  consist  of  Major 
Marston's  and  Captain  Fowle"s  companies,  under 
the  command  of  Mcijor  ^luhleuburg,  will  proceed 
to  Green  Bay.  Surgeon's  Mate,  R.  M.  Byrne,  of 
the  Fifth  Regiment,  will  accompany  the  detach- 
ment. The  Assistant  Deputy  Quartermaster 
General  will  furnish  the  necessary  transport,  and 
will  send  by  the  same  opportunity  two  hundred 
barrels  of  p^o^^sions,  wliich  he  will  draw  from  the 
contractor  at  this  post.  The  pro^^sions  must  be 
examined  and  inspected,  and  properly  put  up  for 
transportation.  Colonel  Leavenworth  will,  with- 
out delay,  prepare  his  regiment  to  move  to  the 
post  on  the  Mississippi,  agreeable  to  the  Divi- 
sion order  of  the  tenth  of  February.  The  Assist- 
ant Deputy  Quartermaster  General  will  furnish 
the  necessiiry  transportation,  to  be  ready  by  the 
first  of  May  next.  The  Colonel  will  make  reqvii- 
sition  for  such  stores,  ammunition,  tools  and 
implements  as  may  be  required,  and  he  be  able  to 
take  with  him  on  the  expedition.  Particular  in- 
structions will  be  given  to  the  Colonel,  explaining 
the  objects  of  his  expedition." 

EXTENTS  OF  THE  TEAR   1819. 

On  Wednesday,  the  last  day  of  June,  Col.  Leav- 
enworth and  troops  arrived  from  Green  Bay,  at 
Prairie  du  Chien.  Scarcely  had  they  reached 
this  point  when  Charlotte  SejTnour.  the  wife  of 
Lt.  Xathan  Clark,  a  native  of  Hartford,  Ct., 
gave  birth  to  a  daughter,  whose  first  baptismal 
name  was  Charlotte,  after  her  mother,  and  the 
second  Ouisconsin.  given  by  the  officers  in  view 
of  the  fact  that  she  was  bom  at  the  jimction  of 
that  stream  with  the  Mississippi. 

In  time  Charlotte  Ouisconsin  married  a  yomig 
Lieutenant,  a  native  of  Princeton,  Xew  Jersey, 
and  a  graduate  of  West  Point,  and  still  resides 
■with  her  husband.  General  11.  P.  Yan  Cleve,  in 


COL.  LEAVENWORTH  ARRIVES  AT  MENDOTA 


91 


the  city  of  Minneapolis,  living  to  do  good  as  she 
has  opportunity. 

In  June,  under  instnictions  from  the  War 
Department,  Major  Thomas  Forsyth,  connected 
with  the  office  of  Indian  affairs,  left  St.  Louis 
with  two  thousand  dollars  worth  of  goods  to  be 
distributed  among  the  Sioux  Indians,  in  accor- 
dance with  the  agreement  of  1805,  already  re- 
ferred to,  by  the  late  General  Pike. 

About  nine  o'clock  of  the  morning  of  the  fifth 
of  July,  he  joined  Leavenworth  and  his  command 
at  Prairie  du  Chien.  Some  time  was  occupied  by 
Leavenworth  awaiting  the  ai:rival  of  ordnance, 
provisions  and  recruits,  but  on  Sunday  moniing, 
the  eighth  of  August,  about  eight  o'clock,  the 
expedition  set  out  for  the  point  now  known  as 
Mendota.  The  flotilla  was  quite  imposing ;  there 
were  the  Colonel's  barge,  fourteen  batteaux  witli 
ninety-eight  soldiers  and  officers,  two  large  canal 
or  Mackinaw  boats,  filled  with  various  stores,  and 
Forsyth's  keel  boat,  containing  goods  and  pres- 
ents for  the  Indians.  On  the  twenty-third  of 
August,  Forsyth  reached  the  mouth  of  the  Min- 
nesota with  his  boat,  and  the  next  morning  Col. 
Leavenworth  arrived,  and  selecting  a  place  at 
Mendota,  near  the  present  railroad  bridge,  he 
ordered  the  soldiers  to  cut  down  trees  and  make 
a  clearing.  On  the  next  Saturday  Col.  Leaven- 
worth, Major  Vose,  Surgeon  Purcell,  Lieutenant 
Clark  and  the  wife  of  Captain  Gooding  ivited 
the  Falls  of  Saint  Anthony  with  Forsyth,  in 
his  keel  boat. 

Early  in  September  two  more  boats  and  a  bat- 
teaux, with  officers  and  one  hundred  and  twenty 
recruits,  arrived. 

During  the  winter  of  1820,  Laidlow  and  others, 
in  behalf  of  Lord  Selkirk's  Scotch  settlers  at 
Pembina,  whose  crops  had  been  destroyed  by 
grasshoppers,  passed  the  Cantonment,  on  their 
way  to  Prairie  du  Chien,  to  purchase  wheat. 
Upon  the  fifteenth  of  April  they  began  tlieir 
return  with  their  Mackinaw  boats,  each  loaded 
with  two  hundred  bushels  of  wheat,  one  himdred 
of  oats,  and  thirty  of  peas,  and  reached  the  mouth 
of  the  Minnesota  early  in  May.  Ascending  this 
stream  to  Big  Stone  Lake,  the  boats  were  drawn 
on  rollers  a  mile  and  a  half  to  Lake  Traverse, 
and  on  the  third  of  June  arrived  at  Pembina  and 
cheered  the  desponding  and  needy  settlers  of  the 
Selkirk  colony. 


The  first  sutler  of  the  post  was  a  Mr.  Devotion, 
lie  brought  with  him  a  young  man  named  Phi- 
lander Prescott,  who  was  born  in  ISOl ,  at  Phelps- 
town,  Ontario  county,  Xew  York.  At  first  they 
stopped  at  Mud  Hen  Island,  in  the  Mississippi 
below  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Croix  River.  Coming 
up  late  in  the  year  1819,  at  the  site  of  the  pres- 
ent town  of  Hastings  they  found  a  keel-boat 
loaded  with  supphes  for  the  cantonment,  in  charge 
of  Lieut.  Oliver,  detained  by  the  ice. 

Amid  all  the  changes  of  tlie  troops,  Mr.  Pres- 
cott remamed  nearly  all  his  life  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  post,  to  which  he  came  when  a  mere  lad,  and 
was  at  length  killed  in  the  Sioux  Massacre. 

EVENTS  OF  THE   YEAR   1820 

In  the  spring  of  1820,  Jean  Baptiste  Faribault 
brought  up  Leavenwortli's  horses  from  Prairie 
du  Chien. 

The  first  Indian  Ageiit  at  the  post  was  a  former 
army  officer,  Lawrence  Taliaferro,  pronounced 
Toliver.  As  he  had  the  confidence  of  the  Gov- 
ernment for  twenty-one  successive  years,  he  is 
deserving  of  notice. 

His  family  was  of  Italian  origin,  and  among 
the  early  settlers  of  Virginia.  He  was  born  in 
1794,  in  King  William  county  in  that  State,  and 
when,  in  1812,  war  was  declared  against  Great 
Britain,  with  four  Ijrothers,  lie  entered  the  army, 
and  was  commissioned  as  Lieutenant  of  tlie 
Tliirty-fifth  Infantry.  He  behaved  gallantly  at 
Fort  Erie  and  Sackett's  Harbor,  and  after  peace 
was  declared,  he  was  retained  as  a  First  Lieuten- 
ant of  the  Third  Infantry.  In  1816  he  was  sta- 
tioned at  Fort  Dearborn,  now  the  site  of  Chicago. 
AVhile  on  a  furlough,  he  called  one  day  upon 
President  Monroe,  who  told  him  tliat  a  fort  ^voidd 
be  built  near  the  Falls  of  Saint  Anthony,  and  an 
Indian  Agency  established,  to  which  he  offered 
to  appoint  him.  His  commission  was  dated 
March  27th,  1819,  and  lie  proceeded  in  due  time 
to  his  post. 

On  the  fifth  day  of  May,  1820,  Leavenworth 
left  his  winter  quarters  at  ^Mendota,  crossed  the 
stream  and  made  a  summer  camp  near  the 
present  military  grave  yard,  which  in  consequence 
of  a  fine  spring  has  been  called  "  Camp  Cold 
Water."  The  Indian  agency,  under  Taliaferro, 
remained  for  a  time  at  the  old  cantonment. 

The    commanduig   officer    estabUshed  a  fine 


92 


EXPLOBEBS  AND  PIOXEEBS  OF  JUXNESOTA. 


garden  in  the  bottom  lands  of  the  Minnesota, 
and  on  the  fifteenth  of  June  the  earliest  garden 
peas  wpip  eaten.  The  first  distinguished %'isitors 
at  the  new  encampment  were  (iovenior  Lewis 
Cass,  of  ilichigau,  and  Henry  Schoolcraft,  who 
arrived  in  July,  by  way  of  Lake  Superior  and 
Sandy  Lake. 

The  relations  between  Col.  Leavenworth  and 
Indian  Agent  Taliaferro  were  not  entirely  har- 
monious, growmg  out  of  a  disagreement  of  views 
relative  to  the  treatment  of  the  Indians,  and  on 
the  day  of  the  arrival  of  Governor  Cass,  Tel- 
iaferro  writes  to  Leavenworth  : 

'•  As  it  is  now  understood  that  I  am  agent  for 
Indian  affairs  in  this  countiy,  and  you  are  about 
to  leave  the  upper  Mississippi,  ui  all  probability 
in  the  coiu^e  of  a  month  or  two,  I  beg  leave  to 
suggest,  for  the  sake  of  a  general  understanding 
with  the  Indian  tribes  in  this  country,  that  any 
medals,  you  may  possess,  would  by  being  turned 
over  to  me,  cease  to  be  a  topic  of  remark  among 
the  different  Indian  tribes  under  my  direction. 
I  will  pass  to  you  any  voucher  that  may  be  re- 
quired, and  I  beg  leave  to  obser\"e  that  any  pro- 
gress in  influence  is  much  impeded  in  conse- 
quence of  this  frequent  intercourse  with  the  gar- 
rison." 

In  a  few  days,  the  disastrous  effect  of  Indians 
mi'igling  with  the  soldiers  was  exhibited.  On 
the  third  of  August,  the  agent  wrote  to  Leaven- 
worth: 

'•  His  Excellency  Governor  Cass  duiing  his 
visit  to  this  post  remarked  to  me  that  the  Indians 
jn  this  quarter  were  spoiled,  and  at  the  same 
time  said  they  should  not  be  permitted  to  enter 
the  camp.  An  unpleasant  affair  has  lately  taken 
place ;  I  mean  the  stabbing  of  the  old  chief 
ilahgossau  by  his  comrade.  This  was  caused, 
doubtless,  by  an  anxiety  to  obtaui  the  chiefs 
whiskey.  I  beg,  therefore,  that  no  whiskey 
whatever  be  given  to  any  Indians,  imless  it  be 
through  their  proper  agent.  'Wlule  an  overplus 
of  whi.skey  thwarts  the  benilicent  and  humane 
policy  of  the  go^■emment,  it  entaUs  misery  upon 
the  Indians,  and  endangers  their  lives." 

A  few  days  after  this  note  was  v.ritten  Josiah 
Snelling,  who  had  been  recently  promoted  to  the 
Colonelcy  of  the  Fifth  Regiment,  arrived  with 
his  family,  relieved  Leavenworth,  and  infused 
new  life  and  energy.    A  Utile  while  before  his 


arrival,  the  daughter  of  Captain  Gooding  was 
married  to  Lieutenant  Green,  the  Adjutant  of 
the  regiment,  the  tirst  marriage  of  white  pei-sons 
in  Minnesota.  Mi-s.  Snelling,  a  few  days  after 
her  arrival,  gave  birth  to  a  daughter,  the  first 
white  child  born  in  ^linnesota,  and  after  a  brief 
existence  of  thirteen  months,  she  died  and  was 
the  first  interred  in  the  military  grave  yard,  and 
for  years  the  stone  wliich  marked  its  resting 
place,  was  visible. 

The  earliest  manuscript  in  Minnesota,  written 
at  the  Cantonment,  is  dated  October  4.  1820,  and 
is  in  the  handwriting  of  Colonel  Snelling.  It 
reads  :  ••  In  justice  to  Lawrence  Taliaferro.  Esq., 
Indian  Agent  at  this  post,  we.  the  undersigned, 
officers  of  the  Fifth  Regiment  here  stationed, 
have  presented  him  tliis  paper,  as  a  token,  not 
only  of  our  individual  respect  and  esteem,  but  as 
an  entire  approval  of  his  conduct  and  deportment 
as  a  public  agent  in  this  quarter.  Given  at  St. 
Peter,  this  4th  day  of  October,  1820. 


J.   SXELLIXG, 

Col.  5th  Inf. 

S.   BrEBAXK, 

Br.  Major. 
David  Pehky. 
Captain. 

D.  Gooding, 
Brevet  Captain. 

J.  Plymptox, 

Lieutenant. 

E.  A.  McCabe, 

Lieutenant. 


X.  Clark, 

Lieutenant. 
Jos.  Hake, 

Lieutenant. 
Ed.  PrECELL, 

Surgeon, 
P.  R.  Gkeen, 

Lieut,  and  Adjt. 
"\V.  G.  Camp, 

Lt.  and  Q.  M. 
H.  AVilkixs, 

Lieutenant." 


During  the  summer  of  1820,  a  party  of  the 
Sisseton  Sioux  lulled  on  the  Missouri,  Isadore 
Poupon.  a  half-breed,  and  Joseph  Andrews,  a 
Canadian  engaged  in  the  fur  trade.  The  Indian 
Agent,  through  Colin  Campbell,  as  interpreter, 
notified  the  Sissetons  that  trade  would  cease 
with  them,  imtil  the  murderers  were  delivered. 
At  a  council  held  at  Big  Stone  Lake,  one  of  the 
mvu-derers,  and  the  aged  father  of  another,  agreed 
to  surrender  themselves  to  the  commanding 
officer. 

On  the  twelfth  of  November,  accompanied  by 
their  friends,  they  approached  the  encampment 
in  solemn  procession,  and  marched  to  the  centre 
of  the  parade.  First  appeared  a  Sisseton  bear- 
ing a  British  flag ;  then  the  murderer  and  the  de- 
voted father  of  another,  their  arms  pinioned,  and 


ABBIVAL  OF  THE  FIRST  STEAMBOAT. 


9S 


large  wooden  splinters  thrust  tlirougli  the  flesh 
above  the  elbows  indicating  their  contempt  for 
pain  and  death ;  in  the  rear  followed  friends  and 
relatives,  with  them  chanting  the  death  dirge. 
Having  arrived  in  front  of  the  guard,  fire  was 
kindled,  and  the  British  flag  burned;  then  the 
murderer  delivered  up  his  medal,  and  both  prison- 
ers were  surrounded.  Col.  Snelling  detained  the 
old  chief,  while  the  murderer  was  sent  to  .St. 
Louis  for  trial. 

EVENTS   OF   THE   YEAR   1821. 

Col.  SnelUng  built  the  fort  in  the  shape  of  a 
lozenge,  in  view  of  the  projection  between  the 
two  rivers.  The  first  row  of  barracks  was  of 
hewn  logs,  obtained  from  the  pine  forests  of  Rum 
Eiver,  but  the  other  buildings  were  of  stone. 
Mrs.  Van  Cleve,  the  daughter  of  Lieutenant, 
afterwards  Captain  Clark,  writes  : 

•'In  1S21  the  fort,  although  not  complete,  was 
fit  for  occupancy.  My  father  had  assigned  to 
him  the  quarters  next  beyond  the  steps  leading 
to  the  Commissary's  stores,  and  during  the  jear 
my  little  sister  Juliet  was  born  there.  At  a  later 
period  my  father  and  JIajor  Garland  obtained 
permission  to  build  more  commodious  quarters 
outside  the  walls,  and  the  result  was  the  two 
stone  houses  aftenvards  occupied  by  the  Indian 
Agent  and  interpreter,  lately  destroyed." 

Early  in  August,  a  young  and  intelligent  mixed 
blood,  Alexis  Pjailly,  in  after  years  a  member  of 
the  legislature  of  Minnesota,  left  the  cantonment 
with  the  first  drove  of  cattle  for  the  Selkirk  Set- 
tlement, and  the  next  winter  returned  with  Col. 
Robert  Dickson  and  Messrs.  Laidlnw  and  Mac- 
kenzie. 

The  next  month,  a  party  of  Sissetons  visited 
the  Indian  Agent,  and  told  him  that  they  had 
started  with  another  of  the  murderers,  to  which 
reference  has  been  made,  but  that  on  the  way  he 
had,  through  fear  of  being  hung,  killed  himself. 

This  fall,  a  mill  was  constructed  for  the  use  of 
the  garrison,  on  the  west  side  of  St.  Anthony 
ralls,under  the  supervision  of  Lieutenant  ^IcCabe. 
During  the  fall,  George  Gooding,  Captain  by 
brevet,  resigned,  and  became  Sutler  at  Prairie  du 
Chien.  He  was  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  and 
entered  the  army  as  ensign  in  1S08.  In  1810  he 
became  a  Second  Lieutenant,  and  the  next  year 
was  wounded  at  Tippecanoe. 


In  the  middle  of  October,  there  embarked  on 
the  keel-boat "  Saucy  Jack.""  for  Prairie  du  Chien, 
Col.  Snelling.  Lieut.  Baxley,  Major  Taliaferro, 
and  Airs.  Gooding, 

EVENTS   OF   1822  AND   1823. 

Early  in  January,  1822,  there  came  to  the  Fort 
from  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  Col.  Robert 
Dickson,  Laidlow,  a  Scotch  farmer,  the  superin- 
tendent of  Lord  Selkirk's  experimental  farm,  and 
one  ilackenzie,  on  their  way  to  Prairie  du  Chien. 
Dickson  returned  with  a  drove  of  cattle,  but 
owing  to  the  hostility  of  the  Sioux  his  cattle  were 
scattered,  and  never  reached  Pembina. 

During  the  winter  of  1823,  Agent  Taliaferro 
was  in  'Wrishington.  While  returning  in  ^March, 
he  was  at  a  hotel  in  Pittsburg,  when  he  received 
a  note  signed  G.  C.  Beltrami,  who  was  an  Italian 
exile,  asking  permission  to  accompany  him  to  the 
Indian  territory.  He  was  tall  and  commanding 
in  appearance,  and  gentlemanly  in  bearing,  and 
Taliaferro  was  so  forc'ibly  impressed  as  to  accede 
to  the  request.  After  reaching  St.  Louis  they 
embarked  on  the  first  steamboat  for  tlie  Upijcr 
Mississippi. 

It  was  named  the  Virginia,  and  was  built  in 
Pittsburg,  twenty-two  feet  in  width,  and  one 
himdred  and  eighteen  feet  hi  length,  in  charge  of 
a  Captain  Crawford.  It  reached  the  Port  on  the 
tenth  of  May,  and  was  saluted  by  the  discharge 
of  cannon.  Among  the  passengers,  besides  the 
Agent  and  the  Italian,  were  JNIajor  Biddle,  Lieut. 
Russell,  and  others. 

The  arrival  of  the  Virginia  is  an  era  in  the 
liistory  of  the  Dahkotah  nation,  and  will  prolia- 
bly  be  transmitted  to  their  posteritj'  as  long  as 
they  exist  as  a  people.  They  say  their  sacred 
men,  the  night  before,  dreamed  of  seeing  some 
monster  of  the  waters,  which  frightened  them 
very  much. 

As  the  boat  neared  the  shore,  men,  women, 
and  children  beheld  with  silent  astonishment, 
supposing  that  it  was  some  enormous  water-spirit, 
coughing,  puffing  out  hot  breath,  and  splashing 
water  in  every  direction.  When  it  touched  the 
landing  their  fears  prevailed,  and  they  retreated 
some  distance ;  but  when  the  blowing  off  of 
steam  commenced  they  were  completely  un- 
nerved :  mothers  forgetting  their  children,  with 
streaming  hair,  sought  hiding-places ;  chiefs,  re- 


94 


BXPLOBERS  AND  PIOXEEIiS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


nounciiig  their  stoicism,  scampered  away  like 
affrighted  animals. 

Tlie  peace  agreement  beteen  the  Ojibways  and 
Dahkotahs,  made  througli  the  Influence  of  Gov- 
ernor Cass,  was  of  brief  duration,  tlie  latter  be- 
ing the  first  to  violate  the  provisions. 

On  the  fourth  of  June.  Taliaferro,  the  Indian 
agent  among  the  Dahkotahs,  took  advantage  of 
the  presence  of  a  large  nimiber  of  Ojibways  to 
renew  the  agreement  for  the  cessation  of  hostili- 
ties. The  councU  hall  of  the  agent  was  a  large 
room  of  logs,  in  which  waved  conspicuously  the 
flag  of  the  United  States,  surrounded  by  British 
colors  and  medals  that  had  been  deUvered  up 
from  time  to  time  by  Indian  chiefs. 

Among  the  Dahkotah  chiefs  present  were 
Wapashaw,  Little  Crow,  and  Penneshaw ;  of  the 
Ojibways  there  were  Kendouswa.  Moshomene. 
and  Pasheskonoepe.  After  mutual  accusations 
and  excuses  concerning  the  infraction  of  the  pre- 
vious treaty,  the  Dahkotahs  lighted  the  calumet, 
they  having  been  the  first  to  infringe  upon  the 
agreement  of  1820.  After  smoking  and  passing 
the  pipe  of  peace  to  the  Ojibways,  who  passed 
through  the  same  formalities,  they  all  shook 
hands  as  a  pledge  of  renewed  amity. 

The  morning  after  the  comicil,  Flat  Mouth, 
the  distinguished  Ojibway  chief,  arrived,  who 
had  left  his  lodge  vowing  that  he  woidd  never  be 
at  peace  viith  the  Dahkotahs.  As  he  stepped  from 
his  canoe,  Penneshaw  held  out  his  hand,  but  was 
repulsed  ■with  sconi.  The  Dahkotah  warrior 
immediately  gave  the  alarm,  and  hi  a  moment 
nmners  were  on  their  way  to  the  neighboring 
villages  to  raise  a  war  party. 

On  the  sixth  of  June,  the  Dahkotahs  had  assem- 
bled, stripped  for  a  fight,  and  surrounded  the 
Ojibways.  The  latter,  fearing  the  worst,  con- 
cealed their  women  and  children  behmd  the  old 
barracks  which  had  been  used  by  the  troops  while 
the  fort  was  being  erected.  At  the  solicitation  of 
the  agent  and  commander  of  the  fort,  the  Dahko- 
tahs desisted  trom  an  attack  and  retired. 

On  the  seventh,  the  Ojibways  left  for  their 
homes ;  but,  in  a  few  hours,  while  they  were 
making  a  portage  at  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  they 
were  again  approached  by  the  Dahkotahs,  who 
wovdd  have  attacked  them,  if  a  detachment  of 
troops  had  not  arrived  from  the  fort. 

A  rumor  reaching  Penneshaw "s  village  that  he 


had  been  killed  at  the  falls,  his  mother  seized  an 
Ojibway  maiden,  who  had  been  a  captive  from 
mfancy.  and.  with  a  tomahawk,  cut  her  in  two. 
Upon  t"he  return  of  the  son  in  safety  he  was  much 
gratified  at  what  he  considered  the  prowess  of 
his  parent. 

On  the  third  of  July.  1823.  Major  Long,  of  the 
engineers,  arrived  at  the  fort  in  command  of  an 
expedition  to  explore  the  Minnesota  Biver,  and 
the  region  along  the  northern  boundary  Une  of 
the  United  States.  Beltrami,  at  the  request  of 
Col.  SneUing.  was  permitted  to  be  of  the  party, 
and  Major  TaUaferro  kindly  gave  him  a  horse 
and  eqiiipments. 

The  relations  of  the  Italian  to  Major  Long  were 
not  pleasant,  and  at  Pembina  Beltrami  left  the 
expedition,  and  with  a  "  bois  brule "",  and  two 
Ojibways  proceeded  and  discovered  the  northern 
sources  of  the  Mississippi,  and  suggested  where 
the  western  sources  would  be  found ;  which  was 
verified  by  Schoolcraft  nine  years  later.  About 
the  second  week  in  September  Beltrami  returned 
to  the  fort  by  way  of  the  Mississippi,  escorted  by 
forty  or  fifty  Ojibways,  and  on  the  2-5th  departed 
for  Xew  Orleans,  where  he  published  his  discov- 
eries in  the  French  language. 

The  mill  which  was  constructed  In  1821,  for 
sawing  lumber,  at  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  stood 
upon  the  site  of  tlie  Holmes  and  Sidle  !Mill,  in 
Minneapolis,  and  m  1823  was  fitted  up  for  grind- 
ing flour.  The  following  extracts  from  corres- 
pondence addressed  to  Lieut.  Clark,  Commissarj' 
at  Fort  SneUing,  -n-iU  be  read  with  interest. 

Under  the  date  of  August  5th,  1823,  General 
Gibson  writes  :  "  From  a  letter  addressed  by 
Col.  SneUing  to  the  Quartermaster  General, 
dated  the  2d  of  April,  I  learn  that  a  large  quan- 
tity of  wheat  would  be  raised  this  summer.  The 
assistant  Commissary  of  Subsistence  at  St.  Louis 
has  been  instructed  to  forward  sickles  and  a  pair 
of  millstones  to  St.  Peters.  If  any  flour  is  manu- 
factured from  the  wheat  raised,  be  pleased  to  let 
me  know  as  early  as  practicable,  that  I  may  deduct 
the  quantity  manufactured  at  the  post  from  the 
quantity  advertised  to  be  contracted  for." 

In  another  letter,  General  Gibson  writes : 
'•  Below  you  will  find  the  amount  charged  on  the 
books  against  the  garrison  at  Ft.  St.  Anthony, 
for  certain  articles,  and  forwarded  for  the  use  of 
the  troops  at  that  post,  which  you  wiU  deduct 


FIRST  FLOUR  MILL  IN  MINNESOTA. 


95 


from  the  payments  to  be  made  for  flour  raised 
and  turned  over  to  you  for  issue  : 

One  pair  bulir  millstones $250  11 

337  pounds  plaster  of  Paris 20  22 

Two  dozen  sickles. . .  18  00 

Total $288  33 

Upon  the  lS)th  of  January,  1824,  the  General 
writes:  "  Tlie  mode  suggested  by  Col.  Snelling, 
of  fixing  the  price  to  be  paid  to  the  troops  for  tlie 
flour  furnished  by  them  is  deemed  equitable  and 
just.  You  will  accordingly  pay  for  the  flour 
$3.33  per  barrel." 

Charlotte  Ouisconsin  Van  Cleve,  now  the  oldest 
person  living  who  was  connected  with  the  can- 
tonment m  1819,  in  a  paper  read  before  the  De- 
partment of  American  History  of  the  Minnesota 
Historical  Society  in  January,  1880,  wrote  : 

"  In  1823,  Mrs.  Snelling  and  my  mother  estab- 
lished the  first  Sunday  School  in  the  Korthwest. 
It  was  held  in  tlie  basement  of  the  commanding 
offlcer's  quarters,  and  was  productive  of  much 
good.  Many  of  the  soldiers,  with  their  families, 
attended.  Joe.  Brown,  since  so  well  know  in 
this  country,  then  a  drummer  boy,  was  one  of 
the  pupils.  A  Bible  class,  for  the  officers  and 
their  wives,  was  formed,  and  all  became  so  inter- 
ested in  the  hi.story  of  the  patriarclis,  that  it  fur- 
nislied  topics  of  conversation  for  the  week.  One 
day  after  the  Sunday  School  lesson  on  tlie  death  of 
Moses,  a  member  of  the  class  meeting  my  mother 
on  the  parade,  after  exchanging  the  usual  greet- 
ings, said,  in  saddened  tones,  '  But  don't  you  feel 
sorry  that  Moses  is  dead  V  " 

Early  in  the  spring  of  1824,  the  TuUy  boys 
were  rescued  from  the  Sioux  and  brought  to  the 
fort.  They  were  children  of  one  of  the  settlers 
of  Lord  Selkirk's  colony,  and  with  their  parents 
and  others,  were  on  their  way  from  Red  River 
Valley  to  settle  near  Fort  Snelling. 

The  party  was  attacked  by  Inilians,  and  the 
parents  of  these  children  murdered,  and  the  boys 
captured.  Through  the  influence  of  Col.  Snell- 
ing the  children  were  ransomed  and  brought 
to  the  fort.  Col.  Snelling  took  John  and 
my  father  Andrew,  the  younger  of  the  two. 
Everyone  became  interested  in  the  orjihans,  and 
we  loved  Andrew  as  if  he  had  been  our  own  lit- 
tle brother.  John  died  some  two  years  after  his 
arrival  at  the  fort,  and  Mrs.  Snelling  asked  me 


when  I  last  saw  her  if  a  tomb  stone  had  been 
placed  at  his  grave,  she  as  requested,  during  a 
visit  to  the  old  home  some  years  ago.  She  said 
she  received  a  promise  that  it  should  be  done, 
and  seemed  quite  disappointed  when  I  told  her  it 
had  not  been  attended  to." 

Andrew  Tally,  after  being  educated  at  an 
Orphan  Asylum  in  New  York  City,  became  a 
carriage  maker,  and  died  a  few  years  ago  in  that 
vicinity. 

EVENTS  OF  THE  YE.\I{  A.  D.  1824. 

In  the  year  1824  the  Fort  was  visited  by  Gen. 
Scott,  on  a  tour  of  inspection,  and  at  his  sug- 
gestion, its  name  was  changed  from  Fort  St. 
Ajithony  to  Fort  Snelling.  The  following  is  an 
extract  from  his  report  to  the  War  Department: 

"  This  work,  of  which  the  War  Department  is 
in  possession  of  a  plan,  reflects  the  highest  credit 
on  Col.  Snelling,  liis  officers  and  men.  The  de- 
fenses, and  for  the  most  part,  the  public  store- 
houses, shops  and  quarters  being  constructed  of 
stone,  the  whole  is  likely  to  endure  as  long  as  the 
post  shall  remain  a  frontier  one.  The  cost  of 
erection  to  the  government  has  been  the  amount 
paid  for  tools  and  iron,  and  the  per  diem  paid 
to  soldiers  employed  as  mechanics.  I  wish  to 
suggest  to  the  General  in  Chief,  and  through  him 
to  the  War  Department,  the  propriety  of  calling 
this  work  Fort  Snelling,  as  a  just  compliment 
to  the  meritorious  officer  under  whom  it  has 
been  erected.  The  present  name,  (Fort  St.  An- 
thony), is  foreign  to  all  our  associations,  and  is, 
besides,  geographically  incorrect,  as  the  work 
stands  at  the  junction  of  the  Mississippi  and 
St.  Peter's  [Minnesota]  Rivers,  eight  miles  be- 
low the  great  falls  of  the  jNIississippi,  called 
after  St.  Anthony." 

In  1824,  ilajor  Taliaferro  proceeded  to  Wash- 
ington with  a  delegation  of  Cliippeways  and  Dah- 
kotahs,  headed  by  Little  Crow,  the  grand  father 
of  the  cliief  of  the  same  name,  who  was  engaged 
in  the  late  horrible  massacre  of  defenceless 
women  and  children.  The  object  of  the  visit,  was 
to  secure  a  convocation  of  all  the  tribes  of  the 
Upper  Mississippi,  at  Prairie  du  Chein,  to  define 
theirboundary  lines  and  estiiblish  friendly  rela- 
tions. When  they  reached  Prairie  du  Chein, 
Wahnatah,  a  Yankton  chief,  and  also  Wapashaw, 
by  the  whisperings  of  mean  traders,  became  dis- 


EXPLOBEBS  AND  PIONEEBS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


affected,  and  wished  to  turn  back.  Little  Crow, 
perceiving  tliis,  stopped  all  hesitancy  by  the  fol- 
lowing speech:  "^ly  friends,  you  can  do  as  you 
please.  I  am  no  coward,  nor  can  my  ears  be 
pulled  about  by  evil  counsels.  AVe  are  here  and 
should  go  on,  and  do  some  good  for  our  nation. 
I  have  taken  our  Father  here  (Taliaferro)  by  the 
coat  tail,  and  will  follow  him  until  I  take  by  the 
hand,  our  great  American  Father." 

"Wliile  on  board  of  a  steamer  on  the  Ohio 
Eiver,  ilarcpee  or  the  Cloud,  in  consequence  of  a 
bad  dream,  jumped  from  the  stern  of  the  boat, 
and  was  supposed  to  be  drowiied.  but  he  swam 
ashore  and  made  his  way  to  St.  Charles.  Mo., 
there  to  be  murdeie<l  by  some  Sacs.  The  re- 
mainder safely  arrived  in  Washington  and  ac- 
complished the  object  of  the  visit.  The  Daliko- 
tahs  returned  by  way  of  Xew  York,  and  while 
there  were  anxious  to  pay  a  visit  to  certain  par- 
ties with  "\Vm.  Dickson,  a  half-breed  son  of  Col 
Robert  Dickson,  the  trader,  who  in  the  war  of 
1812-15  led  the  Indians  of  the  Xorthwest  against 
the  United  States. 

After  this  visit  Little  Crow  carried  a  new 
double-barreled  gun,  and  said  that  a  medicine 
man  by  the  name  of  Peters  gave  it  to  him  for 
signing  a  certain  paper,  and  that  he  also  prom- 
ised he  would  send  a  keel-boat  full  of  goods  to 
them.  The  medicine  man  referred  to  was  the 
Rev.  Samuel  Peters,  an  Episcopal  clergyman, 
who  had  maile  himself  obno.xious  during  the 
Revolution  by  his  tory  sentiments,  and  was  sub- 
sequently nominated  as  Bishop  of  '\'ermont. 

Peters  asserted  that  in  ISOG  he  had  purchased 
of  the  heirs  of  Jonathan  Cancer  the  right  to  a 
tract  of  land  on  the  upper  ilississippi,  embracing 
St.  Paul,  alleged  to  have  been  given  to  Carver  by 
the  Dahkotahs.  in  17B7. 

The  next  year  there  arrived,  in  one  of  the  keel- 
boats  from  Prairie  du  Chien,  at  Fort  Snelliug  a 
box  marked  Col.  Robert  Dickson.  On  opening,  it 
was  found  to  contain  a  few  presents  from  Peters 
to  Dickson's  Indian  wife,  a  long  letter,  and  a 
copy  of  Carver's  alleged  grant,  written  on  parch- 
ment. 

EVENTS   OF   THE   YEARS  1825  AND  1826. 

On  the  30th  of  October,  1825,  seven  Indian 
women  in  canoes,  were  drawn  into  the  rapids 
above  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony.    All  ^\ere  saved 


but  a  lame  girl,  who  was  dashed  over  the  cata- 
ract, and  a  month  later  her  body  was  found  at 
Pike's  Island  in  front  of  the  fort. 

Forty  years  ago,  the  means  of  communication 
between  Fort  Snelling  and  the  civilized  world 
were  very  limited.  The  mail  in  winter  was  usu- 
ally carried  by  soldiers  to  Prairie  du  Chien.  On 
the  26th  of  January,  1826,  there  was  great  joy  iu 
the  fort,  caused  by  the  return  from  furlough  of 
Lieutenants  Baxley  and  Russell,  who  brought 
with  them  the  first  mail  received  for  five  months. 
About  this  period  there  was  also  another  excite- 
ment, cause  by  the  seizure  of  liquors  in  the  trad" 
ing  house  of  Alexis  Bailey,  at  Xew  Hope,  now 
^lendota. 

Dining  the  months  of  February  and  ^larcli,  iu 
this  year,  snow  fell  to  the  depth  of  two  or  three 
feet,  and  there  was  great  suffering  among  the 
Indians.  On  one  occasion,  thirty  lodges  of  Sisse- 
ton  and  other  Sioux  were  overtaken  by  a  snow 
storm  on  a  large  prairie.  The  storm  continued 
for  three  days,  and  provisions  grew  scarce,  for 
the  party  were  seventy  in  number.  At  last,  the 
stronger  men,  with  the  few  pairs  of  snow-shoes 
in  their  possession,  started  for  a  trading  post  one 
hundred  miles  distant.  They  reached  their  des- 
tination half  alive,  and  the  traders  sympathizing 
sent  four  Canadians  with  supplies  for  those  left 
behind.  After  great  toil  they  reached  the  scene 
of  distress,  and  foiuid  many  dead,  and,  what  was 
more  horrible,  the  living  feeding  on  the  corpses 
of  their  relatives.  .V  mother  had  eaten  her  dead 
child  and  a  portion  of  her  own  father's  arms. 
The  shock  to  her  nervous  system  was  so  great 
that  she  lost  her  reason.  Her  name  was  Pash- 
uno-ta,  and  she  was  botli  young  and  good  look- 
ing. One  day  in  September,  while  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing, she  asked  Captain  Jouett  if  he  knew  which 
was  the  best  iiortion  of  a  man  to  eat,  at  the  same 
time  taking  him  by  the  collar  of  his  coat.  He 
replied  with  great  astonishment,  "Xo  I"  and  she 
then  said,  "The  arms."  She  then  asked  for  a 
piece  of  his  servant  to  eat,  as  she  was  nice  and 
fat.  A  few  days  after  this  she  dashed  herself 
from  the  bluffs  near  Fort  Snelling,  into  the  river. 
Iler  body  was  found  just  al)ove  the  mouth  of  the 
Minnesota,  and  decently  interred  by  the  agent. 

The  spring  of  1826  was  very  backward.  On 
the  20th  of  March  snow  fell  to  the  depth  of  one 
or  one  and  a  half  feet  on  a  level,  and  drifted  in 


NEGRO  SLAVES  AT  FORT  SNELLINQ. 


97 


heaps  from  six  to  fifteen  feet  in  height.  On  the 
5th  of  April,  early  in  the  day,  there  was  a  violent 
storm,  and  the  ice  was  still  thick  in  the  river. 
During  the  storm  flashes  of  lightning  were  seen 
and  thunder  heard.  On  the  10th,  the  thermome- 
ter was  four  degrees  aljove  zero.  On  the  14th 
there  was  rain,  and  on  the  next  day  the  St.  Peter 
river  broke  up,  but  the  ice  on  the  Mississippi  re- 
mained firm.  On  the  21st,  at  noon,  the  ice  began 
to  move,  and  carried  away  ilr.  Faribault's  lunises 
on  the  east  side  of  the  river.  For  several  days 
the  river  was  twenty  feet  above  low  water  mark, 
and  all  the  houses  on  low  lands  were  swept  off. 
On  the  second  of  lilay,  the  steamboat  T^awrence, 
Captain  Reeder,  arrived. 

Major  Taliaferro  had  inherited  several  slaves, 
which  he  used  to  hire  to  officers  of  the  garrison. 
On  the  31st  of  March,  his  negi'o  boy,  WilUam, 
was  employed  by  Col.  Snelling,  the  latter  agree- 
ing to  clothe  him.  About  this  time,  William  at- 
tempted to  shoot  a  hawk,  but  instead  shot  a  small 
boy,  named  Henry  Cullum,  and  nearly  killed  him. 
In  May,  Captain  Plympton,  of  the  Fifth  Infantry, 
wished  to  purchase  his  negro  woman,  Eliza,  but 
he  refused,  as  it  was  his  intention,  ultimately,  to 
free  his  slaves.  Another  of  his  negro  girls,  Har- 
riet, was  married  at  the  fort,  the  Major  perform- 
ing the  ceremony,  to  the  uow  historic  Dred  Scott, 
who  was  then  a  slave  of  Surgeon  Emerson.  The 
only  person  that  ever  purchased  a  slave,  to  retain 
in  slavery,  was  Alexis  Bailly,  who  bought  a  man 
of  Major  Garland.  The  Sioux,  at  first,  had  no 
prejudices  against  negroes.  They  called  them 
"  Black  Frenchmen,"  and  placing  their  hands  on 
their  woolly  heads  would  laugh  heartily. 

Tl  e  following  is  a  list  of  the  steamboats  that 
had  ariived  at  Fort  Snelling,  up  to  iSIay  26, 1826  : 

1  Virginia,  May  10,  1823  ;  2  Neville  ;  3  Put- 
nam, April  2, 1825 ;  3  jSIandan  ;  5  Indiana ;  6  Law- 
rence, May  2,  1826  ;  7  Sciota ;  8  Eclipse ;  9  Jo- 
sephine; 10  Fulton;  11  Red  Rover;  12  Black 
Rover;  13  Warrior;  14  Enterprise;  l.j  Volant. 

Life  within  the  walls  of  a  fort  is  sometimes  the 
exact  contrast  of  a  paradise.  In  the  year  1826  a 
Pandora  box  was  opened,  among  the  officers,  and 
dissensions  liegan  to  prevail.  One  young  officer, 
a  graduate  of  West  Pomt,  whose  father  had  been 
a  professor  in  Princeton  College,  fouglit  a  duel 
with,  and  slightly  wounded,  William  Joseph,  the 
talsnted  sun  of  Colonel  Snelhng,  who  was  then 


twenty-tv\'o  years  of  age,  and  had  been  three  years 
at  West  I'oint.  At  a  Court  ^lartial  convened  to 
try  the  officer  for  violatuig  the  Articles  of  War, 
the  accused  objected  to  the  testimony  of  Lieut. 
William  Alexander,  a  Tennesseean,  not  a  gradu- 
ate of  the  Military  Academy,  on  the  ground  that 
he  was  an  infidel.  Alexander,  hurt  liy  this  allu- 
sion, challenged  the  objector,  and  another  duel 
was  fought,  resulting  only  in  sUght  mjuries  to 
the  clotliing  of  the  combatants.  Inspector  Gen- 
eral E.  P.  Gaines,  after  this,  visited  the  fort,  and 
in  his  report  of  the  inspection  he  wrote :  "  A 
defect  in  the  discipline  of  this  regiment  has  ap- 
peared in  the  character  of  certain  personal  con- 
troversies, between  the  Colonel  and  several  of  his 
young  officers,  the  particulars  of  which  I  forbear 
to  enter  into,  assured  as  1  am  that  they  will  be 
developed  in  the  proceedings  of  a  general  court 
martial  ordered  for  the  trial  of  Lieutenant  Hun- 
ter and  other  officers  at  Jefferson  Barracks. 

"  From  a  conversation  witli  the  Colonel  I  can 
have  no  doubt  that  he  has  erred  in  the  course 
pursued  by  him  in  reference  to  some  of  the  con- 
troversies, inasmuch  as  he  has  intimated  to  his 
officers  his  willingness  to  sanction  in  certain  cases, 
and  even  to  participate  in  personal  conflicts,  con- 
trary to  the  twenty-fifth.  Article  of  War."' 

The  Colonel's  son,  William  Joseph,  after  this 
passed  several  years  among  traders  and  Indians, 
and  became  distinguished  as  a  poet  and  brilliant 
author. 

His  "Tales  of  the  Northwest,"  published  in 
Boston  in  1820,  by  Hilliard,  Gray,  Little  &  Wil- 
kins,  is  a  work  of  great  literary  ability,  and  CatUn 
thought  the  book  was  the  most  faithful  picture  of 
Indian  life  he  had  read.  Some  of  his  poems  were 
also  of  a  high  order.  One  of  his  pieces,  deficient 
in  dignity,  was  a  caustic  satire  upon  modem 
American  poets,  and  was  published  under  the 
title  of  '■  Truth,  a  Gift  for  Scribblers." 

Nathaniel  P.  Willis,  who  had  winced  inider 
the  last,  wrote  the  following  lampoon  : 
'•  Oh,  smelling  Joseph  !  Thou  art  like  a  cur. 

I'm  told  thou  once  did  live  by  hunting  fur  : 

Of  bigger  dogs  thou  smellest,  and,  in  sooth, 

Of  one  extreme,  perhaps,  can  tell  the  truth. 

'Tis  a  wise  shift,  and  shows  thou  know'st  thy 
powers. 

To  leave  the  'North  West  tales,"  and  take  to 
smelling  ours." 


98 


EXPLOHEES  AXB  PIOXEERS  OF  ^nNKESOTA. 


In  1832  a  second  eSition  of  "  Truth  "  appeared 
•witli   additions  and  emendations.      In  this  ap- 
peared the  following  pasquinade  upon  Willis  : 
"I  live  by  hunting  fur,  thou  say'st,  so  let  it  be, 
But  tell  me,  ^Tatty  !    Had  I  hunted  thee, 
Had  not  my  time  been  thrown  away,  yoimg  sir, 
And  eke  my  powder  ?  Puppies  have  no  fur. 

Our  tails  ?  Thou  ownest  thee  to  a  tail. 
I've  scanned  thee  o'er  and  o'er 
But.  though  1  guessed  the  species  right, 
I  was  not  sure  before. 

Our  savages,  authentic  travelers  say, 
To  natural  fools,  religious  homage  pay, 
Eadst  thou  been  bom  in  -wigwam's  smoke,  and 

died  in, 
Nat !  thine  apotheosis  had  been  certain." 

Snelling  died  at  Chelsea,  Mass.,  December  six- 
teenth. 1848,  a  victim  to  the  appetite  wliich  en- 
enslaved  Eobert  Burns. 

In  the  year  1826,  a  small  party  of  Ojibways 
(Chippeways)  came  to  see  the  Indian  Agent, 
and  three  of  them  ventured  to  ^isit  the  Coliun- 
bia  Fur  Company's  trading  house,  two  miles 
from  the  Fort.  "VMiile  there,  they  became 
aware  of  their  danger,  and  desired  two  of  the 
white  men  attached  to  the  estabUshment  to 
accompany  them  back,  thinking  that  their  pres- 
ence might  be  some  protection.  They  were  in 
error.  As  they  passed  a  little  copse,  three  Dah- 
kotahs  sprang  from  behind  a  log  with  the  speed  of 
light,  lired  their  pieces  into  the  face  of  the  fore- 
most, and  then  fled.  The  guns  must  have  been 
double  loaded,  for  the  man's  head  was  literally 
blown  from  his  shoulders,  and  his  white  com- 
panions were  spattered  w-ith  brains  and  blood. 
The  survivors  gained  the  Fort  without  further 
molestation.  Then-  comrade  was  buried  on  the 
spot  where  he  fell.  A  staff  was  set  up  on  his 
grave,  wliich  became  a  landmark,  and  received 
the  name  of  The  Murder  Pole.  The  murderers 
boasted  of  their  achievement  and  with  impunity. 
They  and  their  tribe  thought  that  they  had  struck 
a  fair  blow  on  their  ancient  enemies.  In  a  becom- 
ing manner.  It  was  only  said,  that  Toopunkah 
Zeze  of  the  vUlage  of  the  Batture  aux  Fievres, 
and  two  others,  had  each  acquired  a  right  to 
■wear  skunk  skins  on  their  heels  and  war-eagles' 
feathers  on  their  heads.       


EVENTS  OF  A.   D.   1827. 

On  the  twenty-eighth  of  May,  182",  the  Ojib- 
way  chief  at  Sandy  Lake,  Kee-wee-zais-hish 
called  by  the  English,  Flat  Mouth  with  seven 
warriors  and  some  women  and  cliildren.  in  all 
amounthig  to  twenty-four.  aiTived  about  sunrise 
at  Fort  Snelluig.  "Walking  to  the  gates  of  the 
i  rison,  tliey  asked  the  protection  of  Colonel 
SneUing  and  Taliaferro,  the  ludian  agent.  They 
were  told,  that  as  long  as  they  remained  under 
the  United  States  flag,  they  were  secure,  and 
■were  ordered  to  encamp  ■^^^thin  musket  shot  of 
the  high  stone  walls  of  the  fort. 

Dm-ing  the  af^eniopn,  a  Dahkotah,  Toopunkah 
Zeze,  from  a  ^■illage  near  the  first  rapids  of  the 
Minnesota,  ■\dsited  the  O  jib  way  camp.  They 
were  cordially  received,  and  a  feast  of  me.it  and 
com  and  sugar,  was  soon  made  ready.  The 
wooden  plates  emptied  of  their  contents,  they 
engaged  in  conversation,  and  wliiffed  the  peace 
pipe. 

That  night,  some  officers  and  their  friends  were 
spending  a  pleasant  evening  at  the  head-quarters 
of  Captain  Clark,  which  was  in  one  of  the  stone 
houses  which  used  to  stand  outside  of  the  walls 
of  the  fort.  As  Captain  Cruger  ■was  walking  on 
the  porch,  a  bullet  whizzed  by,  and  rapid  firing 
was  heard. 

As  the  Dahkotahs,  or  Sioux,  left  the  Ojibway 
camp,  notwithstanding  their  friendly  talk,  they 
tupned  and  discharged  their  guns  with  deadly  aim 
iipon  their  entertainers,  and  ran  off  with  a  shout 
of  satisfaction.  The  report  was  heard  by  the 
sentinel  of  the  fort,  and  he  cried,  repeatedly, 
"  Corporal  of  the  guard  I"  and  soon  at  the  gates, 
were  the  Ojibways,  ■with  their  women  and  the 
wounded,  telling  tlieir  tale  of  woe  in  wild  and  in- 
coherent language.  Two  had  been  killed  and  six 
wounded.  Among  others,  was  a  little  girl  about 
seven  years  old.  who  was  pierced  through  both 
thighs  ■with  .'  bullet.  Surgeon  McMahon  made 
every  effort  to  save  her  life,  but  without  avail. 

Flat  Mouth,  the  chief,  reminded  Colonel  Snel- 
ling that  he  Ji.ad  been  attacked  while  under  the 
protection  of  the  United  States  flag,  and  early  the 
next  morning,  Captain  Clark,  -nith  one  hmidred 
soldierc,  proceeded  towards  Land's  End,  a  tra- 
ding-post of  the  Columbia  Fur  Company,  on  the 
Minnesota,  a  mile  above  the  former  residence  of 


TRAGIC  SCENE  UNDER  THE  WALLS  OF  THE  FORT. 


99 


Franklin  Steele,  where  the  Dahkotahs  were  sup- 
posed to  be.  The  soldiers  had  just  left  the  large 
gate  of  the  fort,  when  a  party  of  Dahkotahs,  in 
battle  array,  appeared  on  one  of  tlie  prairie 
hills.  After  some  parleying  they  turned  their 
backs,  and  being  pursiied,  thirty-two  were  cap- 
tured near  tlie  trading-post. 

Colonel  Snelling  ordered  the  prisoners  to  be 
brought  before  the  Ojibways,  and  two  being 
pointed  out  as  participants  in  the  slaughter  of  the 
preceding  night,  they  were  delivered  to  the 
aggrieved  party  to  deal  with  in  accordance  with 
their  customs.  They  were  led  out  to  the  plain 
in  front  of  the  gate  of  the  fort,  and  when  placed 
nearly  witliout  the  range  of  tlie  Ojibway  guns, 
they  were  told  to  run  for  tlieir  lives.  With  the 
rapidity  of  deer  they  bounded  away,  but  the  Oji))- 
way  bullet  flew  faster,  and  after  a  few  steps,  they 
fell  gasping  on  the  ground,  and  were  soon  lifeless. 
Then  the  savage  nature  displayed  itself  in  all  its 
hideousness.  Women  and  children  danced  for 
joy,  and  placing  tlieir  fingers  in  the  bullet  holes, 
from  which  tlie  blood  oozed,  they  licked  them 
with  delight.  The  men  tore  the  scalps  from  the 
dead,  and  seemed  to  hixiniate  in  the  privilege  of 
plunging  their  knives  through  the  corpses.  After 
the  execution,  the  Ojibways  returned  to  the  fort, 
and  were  met  by  the  Colonel.  He  had  jirevented 
all  over  wliom  his  authority  extended  from  wit- 
nessing the  scene,  and  had  done  his  best  to  con- 
fine the  excitement  to  the  Indians.  The  same 
day  a  deputation  of  Dahkotah  warriors  received 
audience,  regretting  tlie  violence  that  liad  been 
done  by  their  young  men,  and  agreeing  to  deliver 
up  the  ringleaders. 

At  the  time  appointed,  a  son  of  Flat  Mouth, 
with  those  of  the  Ojibwa  party  tliat  were  not 
wounded,  escorted  by  United  States  troops, 
marched  forth  to  meet  the  Dahkotah  deputation, 
on  the  prairie  just  beyond  tlie  old  residence  of 
the  Indian  agent.  With  much  solemnity  tvi'o 
more  of  the  guilty  were  handed  over  ,to  the 
assaulted.  One  was  fearless,  and  with  firmness 
stripped  himself  of  his  clothing  and  ornaments, 
and  distributed  them.  The  other  could  not  face 
death  with  composure.  He  was  noted  for  a  hid- 
eous hare-lip,  and  had  a  bad  reimtation  among 
his  fellows.  In  the  spirit  of  a  coward  lie  prayed 
tor  life,  to  the  mortification  of  his  tribe.  The 
same  opportunity  was  presented  to  them  as  to  the 


first,  of  running  for  their  liws.  At  the  first  fire 
the  coward  fell  a  corpse;  but  his  brave  compan- 
ion, though  wounded,  ran  on,  and  had  nearly 
reached  the  goal  of  safety,  when  a  second  bullet 
killed  him.  The  body  of  the  coward  now  became 
a  common  object  of  loathing  for  both  Dahkotahs 
and  Ojibways. 

Colonel  Snelling  told  the  Ojibways  that  the 
bodies  must  be  removed,  and  then  they  took  the 
scalped  Dahkotahs,  and  dragging  them  by  the 
heels,  threw  them  off  the  blufE  into  the  river,  a 
hundred  and  fifty  feet  beneath.  The  dreadful 
scene  was  now  over ;  and  a  detachment  of  troops 
was  sent  with  the  old  chief  Flat  Mouth,  to  escort 
him  out  of  the  reach  of  Dahkotah  vengeance. 

An  eyewitness  wrote :  "  After  this  catastrophe, 
all  the  Dahkotahs  quitted  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Snel- 
ling, and  dill  not  return  to  it  for  some  months. 
It  was  said  that  they  formed  a  conspiracy  to  de- 
mand a  council,  and  kill  the  Indian  Agent  and 
the  commanding  officer.  If  this  was  a  fact,  they 
had  no  opportunity,  or  wanted  tlie  spirit,  to  exe- 
cute their  purpose. 

"  The  Flat  Mouth's  band  lingered  in  the  fort 
till  their  wounded  comrade  died.  He  was  sensi- 
ble of  his  condition,  and  bore  his  pains  witli  great 
fortitude.  "Wlien  he  felt  his  end  approach,  he 
desired  thiit  his  horse  might  be  gaily  caparisoned, 
and  brought  to  the  hospital  window,  so  that  he 
might  touch  the  animal.  He  then  took  from  his 
medicine  bag  a  large  cake  of  maple  sugar,  and  held 
it  forth.  It  naay  seem  strange,  but  it  is  true,  that 
the  beast  ate  it  from  his  hand.  Iiis  features 
were  radiant  with  deUght  as  he  feU  back  on  the 
pillow  exhausted.  His  horse  had  eaten  the  sugar, 
he  said,  and  he  was  sure  of  a  favoral)le  reception 
and  comfortable  quarters  in  the  other  world. 
Half  an  hour  after,  he  breathed  his  last.  AVe 
tried  to  discover  the  details  of  his  supei-stition, 
but  coidd  not  succeed.  It  is  a  suliject  on  which 
Indians  unwillhigly  discourse." 

In  the  fall  of  1826,  all  the  troops  at  I'rairie  du 
Cliien  had  been  removed  to  Fort  Snelling,  the 
commander  taking  with  him  two  Winneliagoes 
that  had  been  confined  in  Fort  Crawford.  After 
the  soldiers  left  the  Prairie,  the  Indians  in  the 
vicinity  were  quite  insolent. 

In  June,  1S27,  two  keel-boats  passed  I'rairie  du 
Chien  on  the  way  to  Fort  Snelling  with  provis- 
ions.    When  they  reached  Wapashaw  village,  on 


100 


EXPLOEERS  AND  PIONEEBS  OF  MINNESOTA.. 


the  site  of  the  present  town  of  "Winona,  the  crew 
were  ordered  to  come  ashore  by  the  Dahkotahs. 
Complying,  they  foimd  themselves  surrounded  by 
Indians  with  hostile  intentions.  Tlie  boatmen 
had  no  tire-arms,  but  assuming  a  bold  mien  and  a 
defiant  voice,  the  captain  of  the  keel-boats  ordered 
the  savages  to  leave  the  decks ;  which  was  suc- 
cessful, The  boats  pushed  on,  and  at  Ked  Wing 
and  Kaposia  the  Indians  showed  that  they  were 
not  friendly,  though  they  did  not  molest  the 
boats.  Before  they  started  on  their  return  from 
Fort  Snelling,  the  men  on  board,  amounting  to 
thirty-two,  were  all  provided  with  muskets  and  a 
barrel  of  ball  cartridges. 

When  the  descending  keel-boats  passed  Wapa- 
shaw,  the  Dahkotas  were  engaged  in  the  war 
dance,  and  menaced  them,  but  made  no  attack. 
Below  this  point  one  of  the  boats  moved  in  ad- 
vance of  the  other,  and  when  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Bad  Axe.  the  half-breeds  on  board  descried 
hostile  Indians  on  the  banks.  As  the  channel 
neared  the  shore,  the  sixteen  men  on  the  first 
boat  were  greeted  with  the  war  whoop  and  a  vol- 
ley of  rifle  balls  from  the  excited  Wiimebagoes, 
killing  two  of  the  crew.  Rushing  into  their  ca- 
noes, the  Indians  made  the  attempt  to  board  the 
boat,  and  two  were  successful.  One  of  these 
stationed  himself  at  the  bow  of  the  boat,  and 
fired  with  killing  effect  on  the  men  below  deck. 
An  old  soldier  of  the  last  war  with  tireat  Britain, 
called  Saucy  Jack,  at  last  despatched  him,  and 
began  to  rally  the  fainting  spirits  on  board.  Du- 
ring the  figlit  the  boat  had  stuck  on  a  sand-bar. 
^\'ith  four  companions,  amid  a  shower  of  balls 
from  the  savages,  he  plunged  into  the  water  and 
pushed  off  the  boat,  and  thus  moved  out  of  reach 
of  the  galling  shots  of  the  Winnebagoes.  As 
they  floated  dovm  the  river  during  the  night, 
they  heard  a  wail  in  a  canoe  behind  them,  the 
voice  of  a  father  mourning  the  death  of  the  son 
who  had  scaled  the  deck,  and  was  now  a  corpse 
in  possession  of  the  white  men.  The  rear  boat 
passed  the  Bad  Axe  river  late  in  the  night,  and 
escaped  an  attack. 

The  first  keel-boat  arrived  at  Prairie  du  Chein. 
with  two  of  their  crew  dead,  four  wounded,  and 
the  Indian  that  had  been  killed  on  the  boat.  The 
two  dead  men  had  been  residents  of  the  Prairie, 
and  now  the  panic  was  increased.  On  the  morn- 
ing of  the  twenty-eighth  of   June    the  second 


keel -boat  appeared,  and  among  her  passengers 
was  Joseph  Snelling,  the  talented  son  of  the 
colonel,  who  WTote  a  story  of  deep  interest,  based 
on  the  facts  narrated. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  citizens  it  was  resolved  to 
repair  old  Fort  Crawford,  and  Thomas  McXair 
was  appointed  captain.  Dirt  was  thrown  around 
the  bottem  logs  of  the  fortification  to  prevent  its 
being  fired,  and  young  Snelling  was  put  in  com- 
mand of  one  of  the  block-houses.  On  the  next 
day  a  voyageur  named  Loyer,  and  the  well-known 
trader  Duncan  Graham,  started  through  the  in- 
terior, west  of  the  Mississippi,  with  intelUgence 
of  the  murders,  to  Fort  Snelling.  Intelligence 
of  this  attack  was  received  at  tlie  fort,  on  the 
evening  of  the  ninth  of  July,  and  Col.  Snelling 
started  in  keel  boats  with  four  companies  to  Fort 
Crawford,  and  on  the  seventeenth  four  more 
companies  left  under  Major  Fowle.  After  an 
absence  of  six  weeks,  the  soldiers,  without  firing 
a  gun  at  the  enemy,  returned. 

A  few  weeks  after  the  attack  upon  the  keel 
boats  General  Gaines  inspected  the  Fort,  and, 
subsequently  in  a  communication  to  the  War 
Department  wrote  as  follows ; 

••  The  main  points  of  defence  against  an  enemy 
appear  to  luive  been  in  some  respects  sacrificed, 
in  the  effort  to  secure  the  comfort  and  conven- 
ience of  troops  m  peace.  These  are  important 
considerations,  but  on  an  exposed  frontier  the 
primary  object  ought  to  be  security  against  the 
attack  of  an  enemy. 

"  The  buildings  are  too  large,  too  numerous, 
and  extending  over  a  space  entirely  too  great, 
enclosing  a  large  parade,  five  times  greater  than 
is  at  all  desireable  in  that  climate.  The  build- 
ings for  the  most  part  seem  well  constructed,  of 
good  stone  and  other  materials,  and  they  contain 
every  desirable  convenience,  comfort  and  securi- 
ty as  barracks  and  store  houses. 

'•  The  work  may  be  rendered  very  strong  and 
adapted  to  a  garrison  of  two  hundred  men  by  re- 
moving one-half  the  buildings,  and  -with  the  ma- 
terials of  which  they  are  constructed,  building  a 
tower  sutticiently  high  to  command  the  hill  be- 
tween the  Mississippi  and  St.  Peter's  [Minnesota], 
and  by  a  block  house  on  the  extreme  point,  or 
brow  of  the  cliff,  near  the  commandant's  quarters, 
to  secure  most  effectually  the  banks  of  the  river, 
and  the  boats  at  the  landing. 


DEATH  OF  COL.  JOSIAH  SNELLING. 


101 


"  Much  credit  is  due  to  Colonel  Snelling,  his 
officers  and  men,  for  their  immense  labors  and 
excellent  workmanship  exhibited  in  the  construc- 
tion of  these  barracks  and  store  houses,  but  this 
has  been  effected  too  mucli  at  the  expense  of  the 
discipline  of  the  regiment." 

From  reports  made  from  1823  to  1826,  the  health 
of  the  troops  was  good.  In  the  year  ending  Sep- 
tember thirty,  1823,  there  were  but  two  deaths; 
in  1824  only  six,  and  in  182.5  but  seven. 

In  182ii  there  were  three  desertions,  in  182-1 
twenty-two,  and  in  1825  twenty-nine.  Most  of 
the  deserters  were  fresh  recruits  and  natives  of 
America,  Ten  of  the  deserters  were  foreigners, 
and  five  of  these  were  born  in  Ireland.  In  1S26 
there  were  eight  companies  numbering  two  hun- 


dred and  fourteen  soldiers  quartered  in  the  Fort- 
During  the  fall  of  1827  the  Fifth  Regiment  was 
reUeved  by  a  part  of  the  First,  and  the  next  year 
Colonel  Snelling  proceeded  to  "Washington  on  bus- 
iness, where  he  died  with  inflammation  of  the 
brain.  Major  General  Macomb  announcing  his 
death  in  an  order,  wrote  : 

"  Colonel  Snelling  joined  the  army  in  early 
youth.  In  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe,  he  was 
distinguished  for  gallantry  and  good  conduct. 
Subsequently  and  during  the  whole  late  war  with 
Great  Britain,  from  the  battle  of  Brownstown  to 
the  termination  of  the  contest,  he  was  actively 
employed  in  the  field,  with  credit  to  himself,  and 
honor  to  his  country." 


102 


EXPLOEEES  ASD  PIOXEEBS  OF  MIXy^ESOTA. 


CILiPTER   XYII. 

OCCITKRENCES  IN  THE  -^^CrN^TT  OF  FORT  SPELLING,  CONTINUED. 


Arrival  of  J.  N.  NiMllei— Marriage  of  James  Wells— NicoHefs  letter  from  Falls- 
of  St.  Alithouy— Perils  of  Martin  MoI.eod— Chippeway  t rcachery— Sioux  Rft 
venge — Bum  River  and  Stillwater  tattles— Grog  shops  near  the  Fort. 

On  the  second  of  July  1836,  the  steamboat 
Saint  Peter  lauded  supplies,  and  among  its 
passengers  was  the  distinguished  French  as- 
tronomer. Jean  N.  Nicollet  (iJficolay).  Major 
Taliaferro  on  the  twelfth  of  July,  wrote; 
"  Mr.  Xicollet,  on  a  visit  to  the  post  for  scientific 
research,  and  at  present  in  my  family,  has  shown 
me  the  late  work  of  Henry  E.  Schoolcraft  on  the 
discovery  of  the  source  of  the  ^lississippi ;  which 
claim  is  ridiculous  in  the  extreme."  On  the 
twenty-seventh,  Nicollet  ascended  the  Mississippi 
on  a  tour  of  observation. 

James  "Wells,  a  trader,  who  afterwards  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature,  at  the  house  of  OUver 
Cratte,  near  the  fort,  was  married  on  the  twelfth 
of  September,  by  Agent  Taliaferro,  to  Jane,  a 
daughter  of  Duncan  Graham.  Wells  was  killed 
in  1862,  by  the  Sioux,  at  the  time  of  the  massacre 
in  the  Minnesota  Yalley. 

Nicollet  in  September  returned  from  his  trip 
to  Leech  Lake,  and  on  the  twenty-seventh  wrote 
the  following  to  Major  Taliaferro  the  Indian 
Agent  at  the  fort,  which  is  supposed  to  be  the 
earUest  letter  extant  written  from  the  site  of  the 
city  of  Minneapohs.  As  the  principal  hotel  and 
one  of  the  finest  avenues  of  that  citj'  bears  his 
name  it  is  worthy  of  preservation.  He  spelled 
bis  name  sometimes  Nicoley,  and  the  pronuncia- 
tion in  English,  would  be  Nicolay,  the  same  as 
if  written  Nicollet  in  French.  Tlte  letter  shows 
that  he  had  not  mastered  the  English  language  : 
"  St.  Anthony's  Falls,  27th  September,  1836, 

Dear  Friend  :— I  arrived  last  evening  about 
dark;  all  well,  nothing  lost,  nothing  broken, 
happy  and  a  veiy  successful  journey.  But  I 
done  exhausted,  and  notlung  c;m  reheve  me,  but 
the  pleasure  of  meeting  you  agam  under  your 
hospitable  roof,  and  to  see  all  the  friends  of  the 
garrison  who  have  been  so  kind  to  me. 


"  This  letter  is  more  particularly  to  give  you 
a  very  extraordinary  tide.  Flat  Mouth,  the  chief 
of  Leech  Lake  and  suite,  ten  in  number  are  with 
me.  The  day  before  yesterday  I  met  them  again 
at  Swan  river  where  they  detained  me  one  day. 
I  had  to  bear  a  new  harangue  and  gave  answer. 
All  terminated  by  their  own  resolution  that  they 
ought  to  give  you  the  hand,  as  well  as  to  the 
Guinas  of  the  Fort  {Colouel  Davenport.)  I 
thought  it  my  dutj'  to  acquaint  you  with  it  be- 
forehand. Peace  or  war  are  at  stake  of  the  visit 
they  pay  you.  Please  give  them  a  good  welcome 
until  I  have  reported  to  you  and  Colonel  Daven- 
port all  that  has  taken  place  duiing  my  stay 
among  the  Pillagers.  But  be  assured  1  have  not 
trespassed  and  that  I  have  behaved  as  would 
have  done  a  good  citizen  of  the  U.  S.  As  to 
Schoolcraft's  statement  alluding  to  you,  you  will 
have  full  and  complete  satisfaction  from  Flat 
Mouth  himself.  In  haste,  your  fiiend.  J.  N. 
Nicoley." 

e-n^ents  of  a.  d.  1s37. 

On  the  seventeenth  of  March.  1S37,  there  ar- 
rived Martin  !McLeod,  who  became  a  iirominent 
citizen  of  ilinnesota,  and  the  legislature  has 
given  his  name  to  a  county. 

He  left  the  Red  River  coimtry  on  snow  shoes, 
with  two  companions,  one  a  Polander  and  the 
other  an  Irishman  named  Hays,  and  Pien-e  Bot^ 
tineau  as  interpreter.  Being  lost  in  a  \iolent 
snow  stonn  the  I'ole  and  Iiishman  perished.  He 
and  his  guide,  Bottuieau.  lived  for  a  time  on  the 
flesh  of  one  of  their  dogs.  ^Vlter  being  twenty- 
six  days  without  seeing  any  one,  the  sursivors 
reached  the  trading  jxist  of  Joseph  R.  Brown,  at 
Lake  Traverse,  and  from  thence  they  came  to 
the  fort. 

evjents  of  a.  d.  1S38. 

In  the  month  of  April,  eleven  Sioux  were  slain 
in  a  dastardly  niamier,  by  a  party  of  Ojibways, 


INDIAN  BATTLES  AT  BUM  BIVEB  AND  STILLWATEB. 


103 


under  the  noted  and  elder  Hole-in-the-Day.  The 
Chippeways  feigned  the  warmest  friendship,  and 
at  dark  lay  down  in  the  tents  by  the  side  of  the 
Sioux,  and  in  the  night  silently  arose  and  killed 
them.  The  occurrence  took  place  at  the  Chippe- 
way  River,  about  thirty  miles  from  Lac  qui  Parle, 
and  the  next  day  the  Kev.  G.  H.  Pond,  the  Indian 
missionary,  accompanied  by  a  Sioux,  \.ent  out 
and  buried  the  mutilated  and  scalpless  bodies. 

On  the  second  of  August  old  Hole-in-the-Day, 
and  some  Ojibways,  came  to  the  fort.  They 
stopped  first  at  the  cabin  of  Peter  Quinn,  whose 
wife  was  a  half-breed  Chippeway,  about  a  mile 
from  the  fort. 

The  missionary,  Samuel  W.  Pond,  told  tlie 
agent  that  the  Sioux,  of  Lake  CaUioun  were 
aroused,  and  on  their  way  to  attack  the  Chippe- 
ways. The  agent  quieted  them  for  a  time,  but 
two  of  the  relatives  of  those  slain  at  Lac  qui  Parle 
in  April,  hid  themselves  nearQuinn's  house,  and 
as  Hole-in-the-Day  and  his  associates  were  pass- 
ing, they  fired  and  killed  one  Chippeway  and 
wounded  another.  Obequette,  a  Chippeway  from 
Red  Lake,  succeded,  however,  in  shooting  a 
Sioux  while  he  was  m  the  act  of  scalpuig  his 
comrade.  The  Chippeways  were  brouglit  vrithm 
the  fort  as  soon  as  possible,  and  at  nine  o'clock 
a  Sioux  was  confined  in  the  guard-house  as  a 
hostage. 

Notwithstanding  the  murdered  Chippeway  had 
been  buried  in  the  graveyard  of  the  fort  for  safety, 
an  attempt  was  made  on  the  part  of  some  of  the 
Sioux,  to  dig  it  up.  On  the  evening  of  the  sixth. 
Major  Plympton  sent  the  Cliippeways  across  the 
river  to  the  east  side,  and  ordered  them  to  go 
home  as  soon  as  possible. 

EVISNTS  OF  A.  D.   1839. 

On  the  twentieth  day  of  Jmie  the  elder  Hole- 
in-the-Day  arrived  from  the  Upper  Mississippi 
with  several  liundred  Chippeways.  Upon  their 
return  homeward  tlie  Mississippi  and  Mille  Lacs 
band  encamped  the  first  night  at  the  Falls  of  Samt 
Anthony,  and  some  of  the  Sioux  visited  them  and 
smoked  the  pipe  of  peace. 

On  the  second  of  July,  aliout  sunrise,  a  son-m- 
law  of  the  cliief  of  tlie  Sioux  band,  at  Lake  Cal- 
hinui,  named  Meekaw  or  Badger,  was  killed  and 
scalped  by  two  Chippeways  of  the  Pillager  band, 
relatives  of  him  who  lost  his  life  near  Patrick 


Qiunn's  the  year  before.  The  excitement  was 
intense  among  the  Sioux,  and  immediately  war 
parties  started  in  pursuit.  Hole-in-the-Day  "s 
band  was  not  sought,  but  the  Mille  Lacs  and 
Saint  Croix  Cliippeways.  The  Lake  Calhoun 
Sioux,  with  tliose  from  the  villages  on  the 
Minnesota,  assembled  at  the  i'alls  of  Saint 
Anthony,  and  on  the  moniiug  of  the  fourtli 
of  July,  came  up  with  the  Mille  Lacs 
Chippeways  on  Rum  River,  before  sunrise.  Not 
long  after  tlie  war  wlioop  was  raised  and  the 
Sioux  attacked,  killuig  and  womiding  ninety. 

The  Kaposia  band  of  Sioux  pursued  the  Saint 
Croix  Chippeways,  and  on  the  third  of  July  found 
them  m  the  Penitentiary  ravine  at  Stillwater, 
imder  the  influence  of  whisky.  Aitkin,  the  old 
trader,  was  ^^•ith  them.  Tlie  siglit  of  the 
Sioux  tended  to  make  them  sober,  but  in  the  fight 
twenty-one  were  killed  and  twenty-nine  were 
wounded. 

Whisky,  durmg  the  year  1839,  was  freely  in- 
troduced, in  the  face  of  the  law  prohibiting  it. 
The  first  boat  of  the  season,  the  Ariel,  came  to 
the  fort  on  the  fourteenth  of  AprU,  and  brought 
twenty  barrels  of  whisky  for  Joseph  R.  Brown, 
and  oil  tlie  twenty-first  of  May,  the  Glaucus 
brouglit  six  barrels  of  liquor  for  David  Faribaidt. 
On  the  thirtieth  of  June,  some  soldiers  went  to 
Joseph  R.  Brown's  groggery  on  the  opposite  side 
of  the  jMississippi,  and  that  night  forty  -  seven 
were  in  the  guard-house  for  di'unkeimess.  The 
demoraUzation  then  existing,  led  to  a  letter  by 
Surgeon  Emerson,  on  duty  at  the  fort, to  the  Sur- 
geon Cieneral  of  the  United  States  army,  in  which 
he  writes : 

"  The  whisky  is  brought  here  by  citizens  who 
are  pourmg  in  upon  us  and  settling  themselves 
on  the  opposite  shore  of  the  Mississippi  river, 
in  defiance  of  our  worthy  commanding  officer. 
Major  J.  Plympton,  whose  authority  they  set 
at  naught.  At  this  moment  there  is  a 
citizen  named  Brown,  once  a  soldier  in 
the  Fifth  Infantry,  who  was  lUscharged  at 
this  post,  while  Colonel  Suelliug  commanded, 
and  who  has  been  since  employed  by  the  Ameri- 
can Fur  Comjiany,  actually  building  on  the  land 
marked  out  by  the  land  officers  as  the  reserve, 
and  within  gunshot  distance  of  the  fort,  a  very 
expensive  whisky  shop." 


104 


EXPLOBEIiS  AXD  PIOyEEBS  OF  MINKEiiOTA. 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 


rNDlAN   TRIBES  IN   MINNESOTA   AT  THE  TIME   OF   IT^  ORGANIZATION. 


Sioux  or  DAlikotali  people— Meaning  of  words  Sioux  and  Dalikot-ili— Early  villages 
.—Residence  of  Sioux  in  1849— The  Winueliagoes- The  Ojil.ways  or  Chippeways. 

Tlip  three  Iiuliaii  nations  who  dwelt  in  this 
region  after  the  organization  of  ^linnesota,  were 
the  Sioux  or  Dahkotahs ;  the  Ojibways  or  Chip- 
peways ;  and  the  Ilo-tchim-graws  or  Winneba- 
goes. 

SIOUX  OR   DAHKOTAHS. 

They  are  an  entirely  different  gronp  from  the 
Algonquin  and  Iroquois,  who  were  found  by  the 
early  settlers  of  the  Atlantic  States,  on  the  banks 
of  the  Connecticut,  Mohawk,  and  Susquehanna 
Rivers. 

"When  the  Dahkotahs  were  first  noticed  by  the 
European  adventurers,  large  numbers  were  occu- 
jiying  the  Mille  Lacs  region  of  country,  and  appro- 
priately called  by  the  voyageur,  "People  of  the 
Lake,"  "Gens  du  Lac."'  And  tradition  asserts  that 
here  was  the  ancient  centre  of  this  tribe.  Though 
we  have  traces  of  their  warring  and  limiting  on  the 
shores  of  Lake  Superior,  there  is  no  satisfactory 
evidence  of  their  residence,  east  of  the  Mille  Lacs 
region,  as  they  have  no  name  for  Lake  Superior. 

The  word  Dahkotah,  by  which  they  love  to  be 
designated,  signifies  allied  or  jomed  together  in 
friendly  compact,  and  is  equivalent  to  '•  E  pluri- 
bus  unum,"'  the  motto  on  the  seal  of  the  United 
States. 

In  the  history  of  the  mission  at  La  Pointe, 
AVisconsin,  published  nearly  two  centuries  ago,  a 
a  writer,  referring  to  the  Dahkutalis,  remarks  : 

"For  sixty  leagues  from  the  extremity  of  the 
Upper  Lake,  toward  sunset;  and,  as  it  were  in 
the  centre  of  the  western  nations,  they  have  all 
imilcd  their  force  by  a  general  league.'' 

The  Dahkotahs  in  the  earliest  documents,  and 
even  until  the  present  day,  are  called  Sioux,  Scioux, 
or  Soos.  The  name  originated  with  the  early  voy- 
ageurs.  Tor  centuries  the  Ojibways  of  Lake 
Superior  waged  war  against  the  Dahkotahs ;  and, 


whenever  they  spoke  of  them,  called  them  Xado- 
waysioux,  which  signifies  enemies. 

The  French  traders,  to  avoid  exciting  the  atten- 
tion of  Indians,  while  conversing  in  their  pres- 
ence, were  accustomed  to  designate  them  by 
names,  which  would  not  be  recognized. 

The  Dahkotahs  were  nicknamed  Sioux,  a  word 
composed  of  the  two  last  syllables  of  the  Ojibway 
word  for  foes 

Under  the  influence  of  the  French  traders,  the 
eastern  Sioux  began  to  v^ander  from  the  Mille 
Lacs  region.  A  trading  post  at  0-ton-we-kpa- 
dan,  or  Rice  Creek,  above  the  Falls  of  Saint 
Anthony,  induced  some  to  erect  their  summer 
dwellings  and  plant  corn  there,  which  took  the 
place  of  wild  rice.  Those  who  dwelt  here  were 
called  "\Va-kpa-a-ton-we-dan  Those  who  dwell  on 
the  creek.  Another  division  was  known  as  the 
Ma-tan- ton-wan . 

Less  than  a  hundred  years  ago,  it  is  said  that 
the  eastern  Sioux,  pressed  by  the  Chippeways, 
and  influenced  by  traders,  moved  seven  miles 
above  Fort  Snelling  on  the  Minnesota  River. 

MED-DAY-AVAII-KAWX-TWAWNS. 

In  1849  there  were  seven  villages  of  Jled-day- 
wali-kawn-twawn  Sioux.  (1)  Below  Lake  I'epin, 
where  the  city  of  "Winona  is,  was  the  \-illage  of 
"Wapashaw.  This  band  was  called  Kee-yu-ksa, 
because  with  them  lilood  relations  intermarried. 
Bounding  or  "Whipping  "Wmd  was  the  chief.  (2) 
At  the  head  of  Lake  Pepin,  under  a  lofty  bluff, 
was  the  Red  AVing  village,  called  Gliay-mni-chan 
Hill,  wood  and  water.  Shooter  was  the  name 
of  the  chief.  (3)  Opposite,  and  a  little  below  the 
I'ig's  Eye  Marsh,  was  the  Kaposia  band.  The 
word,  Kapoja  means  light,  given  because  these 
people  are  quick  travelers.  His  Scarlet  People, 
better  kno\Aii  as  Little  Crow,  was  the  chief,  and 
is  notorious  as  the  leader  in  the  massacre  of  1862. 

On  the  Minnesota  River,  on  the  south  side 


NOTICE  OF  THE  HOTCHCNGRA  WS,  OR  WINNEBAGOES. 


105 


a  few  miles  above  Fort  Snelling,  was  Black  Dog 
village.  The  inhabitants  were  called,  Ma-ga-yu- 
tay-shnee.  People  who  do  not  a  geese,  be- 
cause they  foiuid  it  profitable  to  sell  game  at  Fort 
Snelling.  Grey  Iron  was  the  chief,  also  known 
as  Pa-ma-ya-yaw,  My  head  aches. ' 

At  Oak  Grove,  on  the  north  side  of  the  nver, 
eight  miles  above  the  fort,  was  (5)  Hay-ya-ta-o- 
ton-wan,  or  Inland  Village,  so  called  because 
they  formerly  lived  at  Lake  Calkoun.  Contigu- 
ous was  (0)  0-ya-tay-shee-ka,  or  Bad  People, 
Known  as  Good  Roads  Band  and  (7)  the  largest 
village  was  Tin-ta-ton-wan,  Prairie  Village ; 
Shokpay,  or  Six,  was  the  chief,  and  is  now  the 
site  of  the  town  of  Shakopee. 
West  of  this  division  of  the  Sioux  were— 

WAR-FAY-KU-TAY. 

The  War-pay-ku-tay,  or  leaf  shooters,  who 
occupied  the  country  south  of  the  Minnesota 
around  the  sources  of  the  Cannon  and  Blue  Earth 
Elvers. 

WAR-PA  Y-TWAWNS. 

North  and  west  of  the  last  were  the  War-pay- 
twawns,  or  People  of  the  Leaf,  and  their  princi- 
pal village  was  Lac  qui  Parle.  They  numbered 
about  fifteen  hundred. 

SE-SEE-TWAWNS. 

To  the  west  and  southwest  of  these  bands  of 
Sioux  were  the  Se-see-twawns  (Sissetoans),  or 
Swamp  Dwellers.  This  band  claimed  the  land 
west  of  the  Blue  Earth  to  the  James  River,  and 
the  guardianship  of  the  Sacred  Red  Pipestone 
Quarry.  Their  principal  village  was  at  Traverse, 
and  the  number  of  the  band  was  estimated  at 
thirty-eight  hundred. 

HO-TCHUN-GRAWS,  OR  WINNEBAGOES. 

The  Ho-tchun-graws,  or  Winnebagoes,  belong 
to  the  Dahkotah  family  of  aborigines.  Cham- 
plain,  although  he  never  visited  them,  mentions 
them.  XicoUet,  wlio  had  been  in  his  employ, 
visited  Green  Bay  about  the  year  1635,  and  an 
early  Relation  mentions  that  he  saw  the  Ouini- 
pegous,  a  people  called  so,  because  they  came 
from  a  distant  sea,  which  some  French  erron- 
eously  called   Puants.     Another  writer  speak- 


,ing  of  these  people  says:  "This  people  are 
called  '  Les  Puants  '  not  because  of  any  bad  odor 
.peculiar  to  them,  but  because  they  claim  to  have 
come  from  the  shores  of  a  far  distant  lake, 
towards  the  north,  whose  waters  are  salt.  They 
call  themselves  the  people  '  de  Teau  puants,'  of 
the  putrid  or  bad  water." 

By  the  treaty  of  1837  they  were  removed  to 
Iowa,  and  by  another  treaty  in  October,  1846, 
they  came  to  Minnesota  in  the  spring  of  1848, 
to  the  country  between  the  Long  Prairie, 
and  Crow  Wing  Rivers.  The  agency  was  located 
on  Long  Prairie  River,  forty  miles  from  the 
Mississippi,  and  in  1849  the  tribe  numbered 
about  twenty-five  hundred  souls. 

In  February  1855,  another  treaty  was  made 
with  them,  and  that  spring  they  removed  to  lands 
on  the  Blue  Earth  River.  Owing  to  the  panic 
caused  by  the  outbreak  of  the  Sioux  in  1862,  Con- 
gress, by  a  special  act,  without  consulting  them, 
in*  1863,  removed  them  from  their  fields  in  Min- 
nesota to  the  Missouri  River,  and  in  the  words 
of  a  missionary,  "they  were,  hke  the  Sioux, 
dumped  in  the  desert,  one  hundred  miles  above 
Fort  Randall" 

OJIBWAY  OR  CHIPPEWAY  NATION. 

The  O  jib  ways  or  Leapers,  when  the  French 
came  to  Lake  Superior,  had  their  chief  settlement 
at  Sault  St.  Marie,  and  were  called  by  the  French 
Saulteurs,  and  by  the  Sioux,  Ilah-ha-tonwan, 
Dwellers  at  the  Falls  or  Leaping  Waters. 

"WTien  Du  Luth  erected  his  trading  post  at  the 
western  extremity  of  Lake  Superior,  they  had  not 
obtained  any  foothold  in  Minnesota,  and  were 
constantly  at  war  with  their  hereditary  enemes, 
the  Nadouaysioux.  By  the  middle  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  they  hadptished  in  and  occu- 
pied Sandy,  Leech,  Mille  Lacs  and  other  points 
between  Lake  Superior  and  the  Mississippi,  which 
had  been  dwelling  places  of  the  Sioux.  In  1820 
the  principal  villages  of  Ojibways  in  Minnesota 
were  at  Fond  du  Lac,  Leech  Lake  and  Sandy 
Lake.  In  1837  they  ceded  most  of  their  lands. 
Since  then,  other  treaties  have  been  made,  until 
in  the  year  1881,  they  are  confined  to  a  few  res- 
ervations, in  northern  Minnesota  and  vicinity. 


106 


EXPLOEEBS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MIXXESOTA. 


CHAPTER  XIX. 


EARLY  MISSIONS  AMOKG  THE  OJIBWAYS  AND  DAHKOTAHS  OF  JIimSTESOTA. 


Jesuit  Missions  not  permanent — Pr«-sl'\1erian  Mission  at  Mactinaw — Visit  of  Rev. 
A.  Coe  anj  J  D.  Stevens  to  Fort  Siielling — Notice  of  Ayers.  Hall,  and  Boutwell 
— yomiatioil  of  the  wor^l  Itasca — The  Brothers  Pond — Arrival  of  Dr.  William- 
son—Preshj-tenau  Church  at  Fort  Snelling — Mission  at  Lake  Harriet — Mourn- 
ing for  the  Dead — Church  at  Lac-qui  parle — Father  RavouK — Mission  at  Lake 
Poke^uua — Attack  by  the  Sioux — Chippeway  attack  at  Pig's  Eye — Death  of 
Rev.  Sherman  Hall— Methodist  Missions  Rev.  S.  W.  Pond  prepares  a  Sioox 
Grammar  and  Dictionary    Swiss  Presbyterian  Mission. 


Bancroft  the  distinguished  historian,  catcliing 
the  enthusiasm  of  the  narratives  of  the  early 
Jesuits,  depicts,  in  language  which  glows,  tlieir 
missions  to  the  Xorthwest ;  yet  it  is  erroneous 
to  suppose  that  the  Jesuits  exercised  any  perma- 
nent uifluence  on  the  Aborigines. 

Shea,  a  devoted  member  of  the  Eoman  Catho- 
lic Church,  in  his  History  of  American  Catholic 
Missions  writes  :  "  In  UiSii  Father  Ensralran  was 
apparently  alone  at  Green  Bay.  and  Pierson  at 
Mackinaw.  Of  the  other  missions  neither  Le- 
Clerq  nor  Hennepin,  the  Eecollect  writers  of  the 
West  at  this  time,  make  any  mention,  or  in  any 
way  allude  to  their  existence."  He  also  says 
that  "Father  Alenard  had  projected  a  Sioux 
mission;  Marquette,  AUouez,  Dniilletes,  aU  en- 
tertained hopes  of  realizing  it,  and  had  some 
uitercourse  with  that  nation,  but  none  of  them 
ever  succeeded  in  establishing  a  mission." 

Father  Hennepin  wrote;  '■  Can  it  be  possible, 
that,  that  pietemled  prodigious  amoimt  of  savage 
converts  could  escape  the  sight  of  a  multitude 
of  French  Canadians  who  travel  every  year  ? 
*  *  *  *  How  comes  it  to  pass  that  these 
churches  so  devout  and  so  numerous,  should  be 
invisible,  when  I  passed  through  so  many 
countries  and  nations  ?  " 

After  the  American  Fnr  Company  was  formed, 
the  island  of  Mackinaw  became  the  residence  of 
the  principal  agent  for  the  Northwest,  Robert 
Stuart  a  Scotchman,  and  devoted  Presliyterian. 
In  the  mouth  ot  Jmie,  1820.  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Slorse,  father  of  the  distinguished  inventor  of 
the  telegraph,  visited  and  preached  at  Mackinaw. 
;md  in  consequence  of  statements  published  by 


him.ujwn  his  return,  a  Presbyterian  Missionary 
Society  in  the  state  of  iNew  York  sent  a  graduate 
of  Union  College,  the  Rev.  W.  M.  Ferry,  father 
of  the  present  United  States  Senator  from  Michi- 
gan, to  explore  the  field.  In  1823  he  had  estab- 
lished a  large  boarding  school  composed  of 
children  of  various  tribes,  and  here  some  were 
educated  who  became  wives  of  men  of  intelli- 
gence and  influence  at  the  capital  of  Minnesota. 
After  a  few  years,  it  was  determined  by  the 
Mission  Board  to  modify  its  plans,  and  in  the 
place  of  a  great  central  station,  to  send  mission- 
aries among  the  several  tribes  to  teach  and  to 
preach. 

In  pursuance  of  this  policy,  the  Rev.  Alvan 
Coe,  and  J.  D.  Stevens,  theu  a  licentiate  who 
had  been  engaged  in  the  Mackinaw  ilission, 
made  a  tour  of  exploration,  and  arrived  on 
September  1,  1829.  at  Fort  Snelling.  In  the 
journal  of  Major  Lawrence  Taliaferro,  which 
is  in  possession  of  the  ilinnesota  Historical 
Society,  is  the  following  entry :  '■  The  Rev. 
Mr.  Coe  and  Stevens  reported  to  be  on  their  way 
to  this  post,  members  of  the  Presbj'terian  church 
looking  out  for  suitable  places  to  make  mission- 
ary establishment  for  the  Sioux  and  Chippeways, 
found  schools,  and  mslruct  in  the  arts  and  agri- 
culture. ' 

Tlie  agent,  .ilthough  not  at  that  time  a  commu- 
nicant of  the  Church,  welcomed  these  visitors, 
and  afforded  them  every  facility  in  visiting  the 
Indians.  On  Sunday,  the  6th  of  September,  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Coe  preached  tvsice  m  the  fort,  and  the 
next  ni.nht  held  a  pra\  er  meeting  at  the  quarters 
of  the  commanding  otlicer.  On  the  next  Simday 
he  preached  again,  and  on  the  14th,  with  Mr. 
Stevens  and  a  hired  guide,  i-eturned  to  Mackinaw 
by  way  of  the  SI.  Croix  river.  During  this  visit 
the  agent  offered  for  a  Presbyterian  mission  the 
mill  wliich  then  stood  on  the  site  of  ^linneapolis, 
and  had  been  erected  by  the  govenmient,  as  well  as 


FORMATION  OF  THE  WORD  ITA8KA. 


107 


the  farm  at  Lake  Calhoim,  wliich  was  begun  to 
teach  the  Sioux  agriculture. 

CHIPPEWAY  MISSIONS. 

In  1830,  r.  Ayer,  one  of  the  teachers  at  Mack- 
inaw, made  an  exploration  as  far  as  La  Pouite, 
and  returned. 

Upon  the  30tli  day  of  August,  1831,  a  Macki- 
naw boat  about  forty  feet  long  arrived  at  La 
Pointe,  brrnguig  from  Mackinaw  the  principal 
trader,  Mr.  Warren,  Rev.  Sherman  Hall  and  wife, 
and  Mr.  Frederick  Ayer,  a  catechist  and  teacher. 

Mrs.  Hall  attracted  great  attention,  as  she  was 
the  first  white  woman  who  had  visited  that 
region.  Sherman  Hall  was  born  on  April  30, 
180'1,  at  Wethersfleld,  Vermont,  and  in  1828 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College,  and  completed 
his  theological  studies  at  Andover,  Massachu- 
setts, a  few  weeks  before  he  journeyed  to  the 
Indian  country. 

His  classmate  at  Dartmouth  and  Andover,  the 
Rev  W.  T.  Boutwell  still  living  near  Stillwater, 
became  his  yoke-fellow,  but  remained  for  a  time 
at  Mackinaw,  which  they  reached  about  the  mid- 
dle of  July.  In  June,  1832,  Ileniy  R.  School- 
craft, the  head  of  an  exploring  expedition,  invited 
Mr.  Boutwell  to  accompany  him  to  the  sources  of 
the  Mississippi. 

When  the  expedition  reached  Lac  la  Biche  or 
Elk  Lake,  on  July  13, 1832,  Mr.  Schoolcraft,  who 
was  not  a  Latm  scholar,  asked  the  Latin  word  for 
truth,  and  was  told  "Veritas."  He  then  wanted 
the  word  which  signified  head,  and  was  told 
"caput."  To  the  astonishment  of  many,  School- 
craft struck  off  the  first  sylable,  of  the  word 
ver-i-tas  and  tlie  last  sylable  of  ca-put,  and  thus 
coined  the  word  Itasca,  which  he  gave  to  the 
lake,  and  which  some  modem  writers,  with  all 
gravity,  tell  us  was  the  name  of  a  maiden  who 
once  dwelt  on  its  banks.  Upon  Mr.  Boutwell's 
return  from  this  expedition  he  was  at  first  asso- 
ciated wdtli  Mr.  Hall  in  the  mission  at  La  Pointe. 

In  1833  the  mission  band  which  had  centered 
at  La  Pointe  diffused  their  influence.  In  Octo- 
ber Rev.  Mr.  Boutwell  went  to  Leech  Lake,  Mr. 
Ayer  opened  a  school  at  Yellow  Lake,  Wiscon- 
sin, and  Mr.  E.  F.  Ely,  now  in  CaUfomia,  became 
a  teacher  at  Aitkin's  tradmg  post  at  Sandy  Lake. 

SlOrx    MISSIONAItlES. 

Mr.  Boutwell,  of  Leech  I^ake  Station,  on  the 


sixth  of  ISIay,  1834,  happened  to  be  on  a  visit  to 
Fort  Snelling.  While  there  a  steamboat  arrived, 
and  among  the  passengers  were  two  young  men, 
brothers,  natives  of  Washington,  Connecticut, 
Samuel  W.  and  Gideon  H.  Pond,  who  had  come, 
constrained  by  the  love  of  Clnist,  and  without  con- 
ferring with  flesh  and  blood,  to  try  to  improve 
the  Sioux. 

Samuel,  the  older  brother,  the  year  before,  had 
talked  with  a  liquor  seller  in  Galena,  Illinois,  who 
had  come  from  the  Red  River  country,  and  the 
desire  was  awakened  to  help  the  Sioux  ;  and  he 
wrote  to  his  brother  to  go  with  him. 

The  Rev.  Samuel  W.  Pond  still  lives  at  Shako- 
pee,  in  the  old  mission  house,  the  first  building  of 
sawed  lumber  erected  in  the  valley  of  the  ilinne- 
sota,  aliove  Fort  Snelling. 

MISSIONS  AMONC+  THE  SIOUX  A.  D.  1835. 

About  this  period,  a  native  of  South  Carolina, 
a  graduate  of  Jefferson  College,  Pennsylvania, 
the  Rev.  T.  S.  Williamson,  M.  D.,  who  pre\'iou3 
to  his  orduiation  had  been  a  respectable  physi- 
cian in  Ohio,  was  appointed  by  the  American 
Board  of  Foreign  Missions  to  visit  the  Dahkotahs 
with  the  view  of  ascertaining  what  could  bo  done 
to  introduce  Christian  instruction.  Having  made 
inquiries  at  Prairie  du  Chien  and  Fort  Snelling, 
he  reported  tlie  field  was  favorable. 

The  Presbyterian  and  Congregational  Churches, 
through  their  joint  Missionary  Society,  appointed 
the  following  persons  to  labor  in  Minnesota : 
Rev.  Thomas  S.  Williamson,  M.  D.,  missionary 
and  physician ;  Rev.  J.  D.  Stevens,  missionary ; 
Alexander  Iluggins,  farmer ;  and  their  wives ; 
Miss  Sarah  Poage,  and  Lucy  Stevens,  teachers; 
who  were  prevented  during  the  year  1834,  by  the 
state  of  navigation,  from  entering  upon  their 
work. 

Duiing  the  winter  of  1834-35,  a  pious  officer 
of  the  army  exercised  a  good  influence  on  his 
fellow  officers  and  soldiers  luider  his  command. 
In  the  absence  of  a  chaplain  of  ordained  minis- 
ter, he,  like  General  Ilavelock,  of  the  British 
army  in  India,  was  accustomed  not  only  to  drill 
the  soldiers,  l)ut  to  meet  them  in  bis  own  quar- 
ters, and  reason  with  them  "of  righteousness, 
temperance,  and  judgment  to  come." 

In  the  month  of  May,  1835,  Dr.  Williamson 
and  mission  band  arrived  at  Fort  Snelling,  and 


lOS 


EXPLOBERS  A:S^D  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


were  hospitably  received  by  the  officers  of  the 
garrison,  the  Indian  Agent,  and  Mr.  Sibley.  Agent 
of  the  Company  at  Mendota,  who  had  been  in 
the  country  a  few  months. 

On  tlie  twenty-seventh  of  this  month  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Williamson  uniteil  in  marriage  at  the  Fort 
Lieutenant  Edward  A.  Ogden  to  EUza  Edna,  the 
daughter  of  Captani  G.  A.  Loomis.  the  first 
marriage  service  in  whicli  a  clergyman  otBciated 
in  the  present  State  of  Minnesota. 

On  the  eleventh  of  June  a  meeting  was  held 
at  the  Fort  to  organize  a  Presbyterian  Church, 
sixteen  persons  who  had  been  communicants, 
and  six  who  made  a  profession  of  faith,  one  of 
whom  was  Lieutenant  Ogden,  were  enrolled  as 
members. 

Four  elders  were  elected,  among  whom  were 
Capt.  Gusta^Tis  Loomis  and  Samuel  AV.  Pond. 
The  next  day  a  lecture  preparatory  to  administer- 
ing the  communion,  was  deUvered.  and  on  Sun- 
day, the  14th,  the  tirst  organized  church  in  the 
"N'alley  of  the  Upper  Mississippi  assembled  for 
the  first  time  in  one  of  the  Company  rooms  of  the 
Fort.  The  services  in  the  morning  were  conducted 
by  Dr.  Williamson.  The  afternoon  senice  com- 
menced at  2  o'clock.  The  sermon  of  Mr.  Stevens 
was  upon  a  most  appropriate  text.  1st  Peter,  11:25 ; 
"  For  ye  were  as  slveep  going  astray,  but  are  now 
returned  unto  the  Shepherd  and  Bishop  of  your 
souls."  After  the  discourse,  the  sacrament  of  the 
Lord's  supper  was  administered. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Session  on  the  thirty-flrst 
of  July,  Eev.  J.  D.  Stevens,  missionary,  was  in- 
vited to  preach  to  the  church.  "  so  long  as  the 
duties  of  his  mission  will  permit,  and  also  to  pre- 
side at  all  the  meetings  of  the  Session.''  Captam 
Gusta\-ns  Loomis  was  elected  Stated  Clerk  of  the 
Session,  and  they  resolved  to  observe  the  monthly 
concert  of  prayer  on  the  first  Monday  of  each 
month,  for  the  conversion  of  the  world. 

Two  points  were  selected  by  the  missionaries 
as  proper  spheres  of  labor.  Mr.  Stevens  and 
family  proceeded  to  Lake  Harriet,  and  Dr.  Wil- 
Uamson  and  family,  in  June,  proceeded  to  Lac 
qui  Parle. 

As  there  had  never  been  a  chaplain  at  Fort 
Snelling,  the  Rev.  J.  D.  Stevens,  the  missionari' 
at  Lake  Harriet,  preaclied  on  Sundays  to  the 
Presbyterian  church,  there,  recently  organized. 


Writing  on    January  twenty-seventh,  1836,  he 
says,  in  relation  to  his  field  of  labor : 

"  Yesterday  a  portion  of  this  band  of  Indians, 
who  had  been  some  time  absent  from  this  ■sillage, 
returned.  One  of  the  number  (a  woman  1  was 
informed  that  a  brother  of  hers  had  died  during 
her  absence.  He  was  not  at  this  vUIage.  but 
with  another  band,  and  the  information  had  just 
reached  here.  In  the  evening  they  set  up  a  most 
piteous  crying,  or  rather  waiUng,  which  con- 
tinued, with  some  little  cessations,  during  the 
night.  The  sister  of  the  deceased  brother  would 
repeat,  times  v>ithout  number,  words  which  may 
be  thus  translated  into  English :  •  Come,  my 
brother,  I  shall  see  you  no  more  for  ever.'  The 
night  was  extremely  cold,  the  thermometer 
standmg  from  ten  to  twenty  below  zero.  About 
sunrise,  next  morning,  preparation  was  made  for 
performing  the  ceremony  of  cutting  their  flesh, 
in  order  to  give  relief  to  their  grief  of  mind. 
The  snow  was  removed  from  the  frozen  ground 
over  about  as  large  a  space  as  would  be  required 
to  place  a  small  Indian  lodge  or  wigwam.  In  the 
centre  a  very  small  fire  was  kindled  up.  not  to 
give  warmth,  apparently,  but  to  cause  a  smoke. 
The  sister  of  the  deceased,  who  was  the  chief 
mourner,  came  out  of  her  lodge  followed  by 
three  other  women,  who  repaired  to  the  place 
prepared.  They  were  all  barefooted,  and  nearly 
naked.  Here  they  set  up  a  most  bitter  lamenta- 
tion and  crying,  mingling  their  wailings  with  the 
words  before  mentioned.  The  principal  mourner 
commenced  gashing  or  cutting  her  ankles  and 
legs  up  to  the  knees  with  a  sharp  stone,  until  her 
legs  were  covered  with  gore  and  flowing  blood ; 
then  in  hke  manner  her  arms,  shoulders,  and 
breast.  The  others  cut  themselves  in  the  same 
way.  but  not  so  severely.  On  this  poor  infatuated 
woman  I  presimie  there  were  more  than  a  hun- 
dred long  deep  gashes  in  the  flesh.  I  saw  the 
operation,  and  the  blood  instantly  followed  the 
instrument,  and  flowed  down  upon  the  flesh.  She 
appeared  frantic  with  grief.  Through  the  pain 
of  her  wounds,  the  loss  of  blood,  exhaustion  of 
strength  by  fasting,  loud  and  long-continued  and 
bitter  groans,  or  the  extreme  cold  upon  her  al- 
most naked  anil  lacerated  body,  she  soon  sunk 
upon  the  frozen  ground,  shaking  as  with  a  violent 
fit  of  the  ague,  and  writhing  in  apparent  agony. 
'Surely,'  I  exclaimed,  as  I  beheld  the  bloody 


A  SOMAN  CATHOLIC  MIShlONABY. 


109 


scene,  'the  tender  mercies  of  the  heathen  are 
cruelty  I' 

''  The  little  church  at  the  fort  begins  to  mani- 
fest something  of  ;i  missionary  spirit  Their  con- 
tributions are  considerable  for  so  small  a  numlier. 
I  hope  they  will  not  only  be  willing  to  contribute 
liberally  of  their  substance,  but  will  give  them- 
selves, at  least  some  of  them,  to  the  missionary 
work. 

"  The  surgeon  of  the  military  post,  Dr.  Jarvis, 
has  been  very  assiduous  in  his  attentions  to  us  in 
our  sickness,  and  has  very  generously  made  a  do- 
nation to  our  board  of  twenty-five  dollars,  being 
the  amount  of  his  medical  services  in  our  family. 

"On  the  nineteenth  instant  we  tomuienced  a 
school  with  six  full  Indian  children,  at  least  so  in 
all  their  habits,  dress,  etc.;  not  one  could  speak  a 
word  of  any  language  but  Sioux.  Tlie  scliool  lias 
since  increased  to  the  niimber  of  twenty-flve.  I 
am  now  collecting  and  arranging  words  for  a  dic- 
tionary. Mr.  Pond  is  assiduously  employed  in 
preparing  a  small  spelling-book,  which  we  may 
forward  next  mail  for  printing. 

On  the  fifteenth  of  September,  1836,  a  Presby- 
terian church  was  organized  at  Lac-qui-Parle,  a 
branch  of  that  in  and  near  Fort  Snelling,  and 
Joseph  Renville,  a  mixed  blood  of  great  influ- 
ence, became  a  commiuiicant.  He  had  been 
trained  in  Canada  by  a  Eonian  Catholic  priest, 
but  claimed  the  right  of  private  judgment.  Mr. 
Renville's  wife  was  the  first  pure  Dahkotah  of 
whom  we  have  any  record  that  ever  joined  the 
Church  of  Christ.  This  church  has  never  become 
extinct,  although  ite  members  have  been  neces- 
sarily nomadic.  After  the  treaty  of  Traverse  des 
Sioux,  it  was  removed  to  Hazlewood.  Driven 
from  thence  by  the  outbreak  of  1862,  it  has  be- 
came the  parent  of  other  churches,  in  the  valley 
of  the  upper  Missouri,  over  one  of  which  John 
Renville,  a  descendant  of  the  elder  at  Lac-qui- 
Parle,  is  the  pastor. 

ROMAN  CATHOLIC  MISSION   ATTEMPTED. 

Father  Ravoux,  recently  from  France,  a  sin- 
cere and  earnest  priest  of  the  Church  of  Rome, 
came  to  Mendota  in  the  autumn  of  1841,  and 
after  a  brief  sojourn  with  the  Rev.  L.  Galtier, 
who  had  erected  Saint  Paul's  chapel,  wliich  has 
given  the  name  of  Saint  Paul  to  the  capital  of 
Minnesota,  he  ascended  the  Mumesota  River 
and  visited  Lac-qui-Parle. 


Bishop  Loras,  of  Dubuque,  WTote  the  next  year 
of  his  visit  as  follows :  "  Our  young  missionary, 
M.  Ravoux,  passed  the  winter  on  the  banks  of 
Lac-qui-Parle,  without  any  other  sujiport  than 
Providence,  without  any  other  means  of  conver- 
sion than  a  burning  zeal,  he  has  WTonght  in  the 
space  of  six  months,  a  happy  revolution  among 
the  Sioux.  From  the  time  of  his  arrival  he  has 
been  occupied  night  and  day  in  the  study  of  their 
language.  *****  AVhen  he  instructs 
the  savages,  he  speaks  to  them  with  so  much  fire 
whilst  showing  them  a  large  copper  crucifix  which 
he  carries  on  his  breast,  that  he  makes  the  strong- 
est impression  upon  them.'' 

The  impression,  however  was  evanescent,  and 
he  soon  retired  from  the  field,  and  no  more  efforts 
were  made  in  this  direction  by  the  Church  of 
Rome.  This  young  Mr.  Ravoux  is  now  the  higldy 
respected  vicar  of  the  Roman  Catholic  diocese  of 
Alinnesota,  and  justly  esteemed  for  his  simpUcily 
and  unobtrusiveness. 

CHIPPEWAY  JUSSIONS  AT  POKEGUMA. 

Pokeguma  is  one  of  the  "  Mille  Lacs,"  or  tlnni- 
sand  beautifid  lakes  for  which  ilinnesota  is  re- 
markable. It  is  aliout  foyror  five  miles  m  extent, 
and  a  mile  or  more  in  width. 

This  lake  is  situated  on  Snake  River,  about 
twenty  miles  above  the  junction  of  that  stream 
with  the  St.  Croix. 

In  the  year  1836,  missionaries  came  to  reside 
among  the  Ojibways  and  Pokeguma,  to  promote 
their  temporal  and  spiritual  vv'elfare.  Tlieir  mis- 
sion liouse  was  built  on  the  east  side  of  the  lake  ; 
but  the  Indian  village  was  on  an  island  not  far 
from  the  shore. 

In  a  letter  wTitten  in  1837,  we  find  tlie  fol- 
lowing: "The  young  women  and  girls  now 
make,  mend,  wash,  and  iron  after  our  man- 
ner. The  men  have  learned  to  build  log  houses, 
drive  team,  plough,  hoe,  and  handle  an  American 
axe  with  some  skill  in  cutting  large  trees,  the 
size  of  which,  two  years  ago,  would  have  afforded 
them  a  sufllcient  reason  why  they  should  not  med- 
dle with  them." 

In  May,  1841,  Jeremiah  Russell,  ■who  was  In- 
dian farmer,  sent  two  Chip|)eways,  accompanied 
by  Elam  Greeley,  of  Stillwater,  to  the  Falls  of 
Saint  Croix  for  supplies.  On  Saturday,  the 
fifteenth  of  the  month  they  arrived  there,  and 


110 


EXPLORESS  AXD  PIOXEEBS  OF  MIXXESOTA. 


tlie  next  day  a  steamboat  came  up  with  the 
goods.  The  captain  said  a  war  party  of  Sioux, 
headed  by  Little  Crow,  was  advancing,  and  the 
two  Chippeways  prepared  to  go  back  and  were 
their  friends. 

They  had  hardly  left  the  Falls,  on  theh-  re- 
turn, before  they  saw  a  party  of  Dahkotahs.  The 
senthiel  of  the  enemy  had  not  noticed  the  ap- 
proach  of  the  young  men.  In  the  twinkling  of 
an  eye,  these  two  young  Ojibways  raised  their 
gims.  tired,  and  killed  two  of  Little  Crow's  sons. 
The  discharge  of  the  guns  revealed  to  a  sentinel, 
that  an  enemy  was  near,  and  as  the  Ojibways 
were  retreatmg.  he  fired,  and  mortally  wounded 
one  of  the  two. 

According  to  custom,  the  corpses  of  the  chief's 
sons  were  dressed,  and  then  set  up  -with  their 
faces  towards  the  country  of  their  ancient  ene- 
mies. The  wounded  Ojibway  was  horribly 
mangled  by  the  infuriated  party,  and  his  limbs 
strewn  about  in  every  direction.  His  scalped 
head  was  placed  in  a  kettle,  and  suspended  in 
front  of  the  two  Dahkotah  corpses. 

Little  Crow,  disheartened  by  the  loss  of  his  two 
boys,  returned  with  his  party  to  Kaposia.  But 
other  parties  were  in  the  field. 

It  was  not  till  Friday,  the  twenty-first  of  May, 
that  the  death  of  one  of  the  young. Ojibways 
sent  by  ilr.  Russell,  to  the  Falls  ox  Saint  Croix, 
was  luiown  at  Pokeguma. 

Mr.  Russell  on  the  next  Sunday,  accompanied 
by  Captain  AVilliam  Holeomb  and  a  half-breed, 
went  to  the  mission  station  to  attend  a  religious 
service,  and  while  crossing  the  lake  in  returning. 
the  half-breed  said  that  it  was  rumored  that  the 
Sioux  were  approaching.  On  ^londay,  the  twen- 
ty-fourth, three  young  men  left  in  a  canoe  to  go 
to  the  west  shore  of  the  lake,  and  from  thence  to 
ilille  Lacs,  to  give  intelligence  to  the  Ojibways 
there,  of  the  skirmish  that  had  already  occurred. 
They-  took  with  them  two  Indian  girls,  about 
twelve  years  of  age.  who  were  pupils  of  the  mis- 
sion school,  for  the  purpose  of  bruiging  the  canoe 
back  to  the  island.  Just  as  the  three  were  land- 
ing, twenty  or  thirty  Dahkotah  warriors,  with  a 
war  Avhoop  emerged  from  their  concealment  be- 
hind the  trees,  and  fired  into  the  canoe.  The 
yoimgmen  instantly  sprang  into  the  water,  which 


■was  shallow,  returned  the  fire,  and  ran  into  the 
woods,  escaping  \\-ithout  material  injury. 

The  little  girls,  in  their  fright,  waded  into  the 
lake ;  but  were  pursued.  Their  parents  upon 
the  island,  heard  the  death  cries  of  their  children. 
Some  of  the  Indians  around  the  mission-house 
jumped  into  their  canoes  and  gained  the  island. 
Others  went  into  some  fortified  log  huts.  The 
attack  ujion  the  canoe,  it  was  afterwards  learned, 
was  premature.  The  party  upon  that  side  of  the 
lake  were  ordered  not  to  fire,  until  the  party 
stationed  in  the  woods  near  the  mission  began. 

There  were  in  all  one  hundred  and  eleven 
Dahkotah  warriors,  and  all  the  fight  was  in  the 
:  vicinity  of  the  mission-house,  and  the  Ojibways 
mostly  engaged  in  it  were  those  who  had  been 
under  religious  instruction.  The  rest  were  upon 
the  island. 

The  fathers  of  the  murdered  girls,  burning  for 
revenge,  left  the  island  in  a  canoe,  and  drawing 
it  up  on  the  shore,  hid  behind  it.  and  firel  upon 
the  Dahkotahs  and  killed  one.  The  Dahkotahs 
advancing  upon  them,  they  were  obliged  to 
escape.  The  canoe  was  now  launched.  One  lay 
on  his  back  in  the  bottom ;  the  other  plnngod 
into  the  water,  and.  holding  the  canoe  with  one 
hand,  and  swimming  with  the  other,  he  towed 
his  friend  out  of  danger.  The  Dahkotahs.  in- 
furiated at  their  escape,  fired  volley  after  volley 
at  the  swimmer,  but  he  escaped  the  balls  by 
putting  his  head  luider  water  whenever  he  saw 
them  take  aim,  and  waiting  till  he  heard  the 
discharge,   he  would  then  look  up  and  breathe. 

After  a  fight  of  two  hours,  the  Dahkotahs  re- 
treated, with  a  loss  of  two  men.  At  the  request 
of  the  parents,  Mr.  E.  F.  Ely,  from  whoso 
notes  the  writer  has  obtained  these  facts,  h:'- 
ing  at  that  time  a  teacher  at  the  mission, 
went  across  the  lake,  with  two  of  his  friends,  to 
gather  the  remains  of  his  murdered  pupils.  Ho 
found  the  corpses  on  the  shore.  The  heads  cut 
off  and  scalped,  with  a  tomahawk  buried  in  the 
brains  of  each,  were  set  up  in  the  sand  near  the 
bodies.  The  bodies  were  pierced  in  the  breast, 
and  the  right  arm  of  one  was  taken  away.  Ke- 
mo\ing  the  tomahawks,  the  bodies  were  brought 
back  to  the  island,  and  in  the  afternoon  were 
buried  in  accordance  with  the  simple  but  solemn 
rites  of  the  Church  of  Christ,  by  members  of  the 
mission. 


SIOUX  MISSIONARIES  BEFOBE  THE  TREATIES. 


Ill 


The  sequel  to  this  story  is  soou  told.  The  In- 
dians of  Pokeguma,  after  the  fight,  deserted  their 
village,  and  went  to  reside  with  their  countrymen 
near  Lake  Superior. 

In  July  of  the  following  year,  1842,  a  war  party 
was  formed  at  Fond  du  Lac,  about  forty  in  num- 
ber, and  proceeded  towards  the  Dahkotah  country. 
Sneaking,  as  none  but  Indians  can,  they  arrived 
imnoticed  at  the  little  settlement  below  Saint 
Paul,  commonly  called  "Pig's  Eye,"  which  is 
opposite  to  what  was  Kaposia,  or  Little  Crow's 
village.  Finding  an  Indian  woman  at  work  in 
the  garden  of  her  husband,  a  Canadian,  by  the 
name  of  GameUe,  they  lulled  lier ;  also  another 
woman,  with  her  infant,  whose  head  was  cut  off. 
The  Dalikotahs,  on  the  opposite  side,  were  mostly 
intoxicated  ;  and,  flying  across  in  their  canoes  Iwt 
half  prepared,  they  were  worsted  in  the  en- 
covmter.  They  lost  thirteen  warriors,  and  one  of 
their  number,  known  as  the  Dancer,  the  Ojib- 
ways  are  said  to  have  skinned. 

Soon  after  this  the  Chippeway  missions  of  the 
St.  Croix  Valley  were  abandoned. 

In  a  little  while  Eev.  ^Ir.  Boutwell  removed  to 
the  vicinity  of  Stillwater,  and  the  missionaries, 
Ayer  and  Spencer,  went  to  Red  Lake  and  other 
points  in  Minnesota. 

In  1853  the  Rev.  Sherman  Hall  left  the  Indians 
and  became  pastor  of  a  Congregational  chiu'ch  at 
Sauk  Rapids,  where  he  recently  died. 

METHODIST  MISSIONS. 

In  1837  the  Rev.  A.  Bnmson  commenced  a 
Methodist  mission  at  Kaposia,  about  four  miles 
below,  and  opposite  Saint  Paul.  It  was  afterwards 
removed  across  the  river  to  Red  Rock.  He  was 
assisted  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  W.  Pope,  and  the 
latter  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  J.  Holton. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Spates  and  others  also  labored 
for  a  brief  period  among  the  Ojibways. 

PRESBTTEKIAN   MISSIONS    CONTINXTED. 

At  the  stations  the  Dahkotah  language  was  dil- 
igently studied.  Rev.  S.  W.  Pond  had  prepared 
a  dictionary  of  three  thousand  words,  and  also  a 
small  grammar.  The  Eev.  S.  R.  Riggs,  w-ho 
joined  the  mission  in  1837,  in  a  letter  dated 
February  24,  1841,  writes:  "Last  sumnu-r 
after  returning  from  Fort  SneUuig,  I  spent  li\  f 
weeks  in  copying  again  the  Sioux  vocabulary 
which  we  had  collected  and  arranged  at  this  sta- 


tion. It  contained  then  about  5500  words,  not 
including  the  various  forms  of  the  verbs.  Since 
that  time,  the  words  collected  by  Dr.  "Williamson 
and  myself,  have,  I  presume,  increased  the  num- 
ber to  six  thousand.  *****  in  this  con- 
nection, I  may  mention  that  dm-ing  the  winter  of 
1839-40,  Mrs.  Riggs,  vrA\\  some  assistance,  \\Tote 
an  English  and  Sioux  vocabidary  contaming 
about  three  thousand  words.  One  of  Mr.  Ren- 
ville's sons  and  three  of  his  daughters  are  en- 
gaged in  copying.  In  committing  the  grammati- 
cal principles  of  tlie  language  to  WTiting.  we  have 
done  something  at  this  station,  but  more  has  been 
done  by  Mr.  S.  W.  Pond." 

Steadily  the  numlier  of  Indian  missionaries 
increased,  and  in  1851,  before  the  lands  of  the 
Dahkotahs  west  of  the  ^Mississippi  were  ceded  to 
the  whites,  they  were  disposed  as  follows  by  the 
Dahkotah  Presbytery. 

Lar-rpn-park,  Rev.  S.  E.  Riggs,  Rev.  M.  N. 
Adams,  3Iissionnrks,  Jonas  Pettijohn,  Mrs. 
Faimy  Pettijohn,  JMrs.  ilary  Ann  Riggs,  Mrs. 
Mary  A.  M.  Adams*  Miss  Sarah  Rankin.  As- 
sistants. 

Traverse  des  Siotix,  Rev.  Robert  Hopkins,  J//s- 
sionan/;  Mrs.  Agnes  Hopkins,  Alexander  G. 
Iluggms,  Mrs.  Lydia  P.  Iluggins.  Assi.''t(ints. 

Shnl-paii,  or  Sholpay,  Rev.  Samuel  W.  Pond, 
Missionary ;  Mrs.  Sarah  P.  Pond,  Assistant. 

Oak  Grove,  Rev.  Gideon  II.  Pond  and  wife. 

Kaposio,  Rev.  Thomas  Williamson,  M.  D., 
Missionary  and  Physician;  Mrs.  JSlargaret  P. 
Wilhamson,  Miss  Jane  S.  Williamson,  Assistants. 

Red  Wing,  Rev.  John  F.  Alton.  Rev.  Joseph 
W.  Hancock,  Missionaries;  Mrs.  Xaney  II.  Alton, 
Mrs.  Hancock,  Assistants. 

The  Rev.  Daniel  Ga\in,  the  Swiss  Presbyte- 
rian Missionary,  spent  the  winter  of  1839  in  Lac- 
qui-Parle  and  was  afterwards  married  to  a  niece 
of  the  Eev.  J.  D.  Stevens,  of  the  Lake  Harriet 
Mission.  Mr.  Stevens  became  the  fanner  and 
teacher  of  the  Wapasliaw  band,  and  the  iirs-t 
white  man  who  Uved  where  the  city  of  Winona 
has  been  built.  Another  missionary  from  Switz- 
erland, the  Rev.  Mr.  Denton,  married  a  Miss 
Slvinner,  formerly  of  the  Jilackinaw  mission. 
During  a  portion  of  the  year  1839  these  Swiss 
missionaries  lived  with  the  American  mission- 
aries at  camp  Cold  Abater  near  Fort  Snelling, 
but  their  chief  field  of  labor  was  at  Red  Wing. 


112 


EXPLOBEBS  AND  PIONEEBS  OF  MINNESOTA.. 


CHAPTER  XX. 


TREAD  OF   PIOUIEERS  IN  THE  SAINT  CKOIX  VALLEY  AND  ELSEWHEKE. 


•>ri(lin  of  the  name  Saint  Croix— Du  Luth,  first  Explorer— French  Post  on  the  St. 
Cr«ix — Pitt,  an  eaily  pioneer — Early  settlers  at  Saint  Croix  Falli — First  women 
there — Marine  Settlement — Joseph  R.  Brown's  town  site — Saint  Croix  County 
organized—Proprietors  of  Stillwater— A  dead  Negro  winnan — Pig's  Eye,  origin 
of  name  — Kise  of  Saint  Paul— Dr.  Williamson  secures  first  school  teacher  for 
Saint  Paul—Description  of  fir^t  school  room— Saint  Croix  County  re-organized 
— Rev.  W.  T.  Boutwell,  pioneer  clergyman. 

The  Saint  Croix  river,  apcording  to  Le  Sueur, 
named  after  a  Frenchman  wlio  was  drowned  at 
its  mouth,  was  one  of  the  earliest  throughfares 
ftom  Lake  Superior  to  the  Mississippi.  The  first 
■white  man  ■who  directed  canoes  upon  its  waters 
was  Du  Luth,  who  had  in  1679  explored  Minne- 
sota. He  thus  describes  his  tour  in  a  letter,  first 
published  by  IlaiTisse  :  ••  In  June,  1680,  not  be- 
ing satisfied,  with  having  made  my  discovery  by 
land,  I  took  two  canoes,  with  an  Indian  who  ■was 
my  interpreter,  and  four  Frenchmen,  to  seek 
means  to  make  it  by  water.  With  tliis  view  I 
entered  a  river  which  empties  eight  leagues  from 
the  extremity  of  Lake  Superior,  on  the  south 
side,  where,  after  having  cut  some  trees  and 
broken  about  a  hundred  beaver  dams,  I  reached 
the  upper  waters  of  the  said  river,  and  then  I 
made  a  portage  of  half  a  league  to  reach  a  lake, 
the  outlet  of  which  fell  into  a  very  fine  river, 
which  took  me  down  into  the  Mississippi.  There 
I  learned  from  eight  cabins  of  Nadouecioux  that 
the  Rev.  Father  Louis  Hennepin,  Recollect,  now 
at  the  convent  of  Saint  Germain,  with  two  other 
Frenchmen  had  been  robbed,  and  carried  off  as 
slaves  for  more  than  three  hundred  leagues  by 
the  Nadouecioux  themselves." 

He  then  relates  how  he  left  two  Frenchmen 
with  his  goods,  and  went  with  his  interpreter  and 
two  Frenchmen  in  a  canoe  down  tlie  Mississippi, 
and  after  two  days  and  two  nights,  found  Henne- 
pin, Accault  and  Augelle.  He  told  Hennepin 
that  he  must  return  with  him  through  the  country 
of  the  Fox  tribe,  and  ■wTites  :  "  I  preferred  to  re- 
trace my  steps,  manifesting  to  them  [the  Sioux] 
the  just  indignation  I  felt  against  them,  rather 
than  to  remain  after  the  violence  they  had  done 


to  the  Rev.  Father  and  the  other  two  Frenchmen 
■with  him,  whom  I  put  in  my  canoes  and  brought 
them  to  Michilimackinack." 

After  this,  the  Saint  Croix  river  became  a  chan- 
nel for  commerce,  and  Bellin  writes,  that  before 
17-55,  the  French  had  erected  a  fort  forty  leagues 
from  its  mouth  and  twenty  from  Lake  Superior. 

The  pine  forests  between  the  Saint  Croix  and 
Mimiesota  had  been  for  several  years  a  tempta- 
tion to  energetic  men.  As  early  as  November, 
1836,  a  ISIr.  Pitt  went  with  a  boat  and  a  party  of 
men  to  the  Falls  of  Saint  Croix  to  cut  pine  tim- 
ber, with  the  consent  of  the  Chippeways  but  the 
dissent  of  the  United  Slates  authorities. 

In  1837  while  the  treaty  was  being  made  by  Com- 
missioners Dodge  and  Smith  at  Fort  Snelling,  on 
one  Sunday  Franklin  Steele,  Dr.  Fitch,  Jeremiah 
Russell,  and  a  Mr.  Maginnis  left  Fort  Snelling 
for  the  Falls  of  Saint  Croix  in  a  birch  bark  canoe 
paddled  by  eight  men,  and  reached  that  point 
about  noon  on  ^Monday  aud  commenced  a  log 
cabin.  Steele  and  Maginnis  remained  here, 
while  tlie  others,  dividing  into  two  parties,  one 
under  Fitch,  and  the  other  under  Russell,  search- 
ed for  pine  land.  The  first  stopped  <it  Sun  Rise, 
while  Russel  went  on  to  the  Snake  River.  About 
the  same  time  Robbinet  and  Jesse  B.  Taylor 
came  to  the  Falls  in  the  interest  of  B.  F.  Baker 
who  had  a  stone  trading  house  near  Fort  Snelling, 
since  destroyed  by  fire.  On  the  fifteenth  of  July, 
1838,  the  Palmyra,  Capt.  Holland,  .arrived  at 
the  Fort,  with  the  official  notice  of  the  ratifica- 
tion of  the  treaties  ceding  the  lands  between  the 
Saint  Croix  and  Mississippi. 

She  had  on  board  C.  A.  Tuttle,  L.  AV.  Stratton 
and  others,  with  the  machinery  for  the  projected 
mills  of  the  Northwest  Lumber  Company  at  tlie 
Falls  of  Saint  Croix,  and  reached  that  point  on 
the  seventeenth,  the  first  steamboat  to  disturb  the 
waters  above  Lake  Saint  Croix.  The  steamer 
Gypsy   came  to  the  fort  on  the  twenty-first  of 


WOM£N  IN  THE  VALLEY  OF  THE  SAINT  CROIX. 


113 


October,  with  goods  for  the  Chippeways,  and  was 
chartered  for  four  hundred  and  fifty  dollars,  to 
carry  them  up  to  the  Falls  of  Saint  Croix.  In 
passing  through  the  lake,  the  boat  grounded  near 
a  projected  town  called  Stambaughville,  after  S. 
C.  Stambaugli,  the  sutler  at  the  fort.  On  the 
afternoon  of  tlie  26th,  the  goods  were  landed,  as 
stipulated. 

The  agent  of  the  Improvement  Company  at  the 
falls  was  Washington  Libbey,  who  left  in  the  fall 
of  1838,  and  was  succeeded  by  Jeremiah  Kussell, 
Stratton  acting  as  millwright  in  place  of  Calvin 
Tuttle.  On  the  twelfth  of  December,  Russell  and 
Stratton  walked  down  the  river,  cut  the  first  tree 
and  built  a  cabin  at  Marine,  and  sold  their  claim. 

The  first  women  at  the  Falls  of  Saint  Croix  were 
a  Mrs.  Orr,  Mrs.  Sackett,  and  the  daughter  of  a 
Mr.  Young.  During  the  winter  of  1838-9,  Jere- 
miah Russell  married  a  daughter  of  a  respectable 
and  gentlemanly  trader,  Charles  II.  Oakes. 

Among  the  first  preachers  were  the  Rev.  W.  T. 
Boutwell  and  Mr.  Seymour,  of  the  Chippeway 
Mission  at  I'okeguma.  The  Rev.  A.  Bruuson,  of 
Prairie  du  Chieu,  who  visited  this  region  in  1838, 
wrote  that  at  the  mouth  of  Snake  River  he  fomid 
Franklin  Steele,  with  twenty-five  or  thirty  men, 
cutting  timber  for  a  mill,  and  when  he  offered  to 
preach  Mr.  Steele  gave  a  cordial  assent. 

On  the  sixteenth  of  August,  Mr.  Steele,  Living- 
ston, and  others,  left  the  Falls  of  Saint  Croix  m  a 
barge,  and  went  around  to  Fort  Snellmg. 

The  steamboat  Fayette  about  the  middle  of 
May,  1839,  landed  sutlers'  stores  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing  and  then  proceeded  with  several  persons  of 
intelligence  to  the  Saint  Croix  river,  who  s^tled 
at  Marine. 

The  place  was  called  after  Marine  in  Madison 

« 
county,  Illinois,  wliere  the  company,  consisting 

of  Judd,  Hone  and  others,  was  formed  to  build 

a  saw  mill  in  the  Saint  Croix  Valley.    The  miU 

at  Marine  commenced  to  saw  lumber,  on  August 

24,  1839,  the  first  in  Minnesota. 

Joseph  R.  Brown,  who  since  1838,  had  lived  at 

Chan  Wakan,  on  the  west  side  of  Grey  Cloud 

Island,  this  year  made  a  claim  near  the  upper 

end  of  the  city  of  Stillwater,  which  he  called 

Dahkotah,  and  was  the  lirst  to  raft  lumber  down 

the  Saint  Croix,  as  well  as  the  first  to  represent 

the  citizens  of  the  valley  in  the  legislature  of 

Wisconsin. 
8 


Until  the  year  1841,  the  jurisdiction  of  Craw- 
ford county,  Wisconsin,  extended  over  the  delta 
of  country  between  the  Saint  Croix  and  Missis- 
sippi. Joseph  R.  Brown  having  been  elected  as 
representative  of  the  county,  m  the  territorial 
legislature  of  Wisconsin,  succeeded  m  obtaining 
the  passage  of  an  act  on  November  twentieth, 
1841,  organizing  the  county  of  Saint  Croix,  with 
Dahkotah  designated  as  tlie  county  seat. 

At  the  time  prescribed  for  holding  a  court  in 
the  new  county,  it  is  said  that  the  judge  of  the 
district  arrived,  and  to  his  surprise,  found  a 
claim  cabin  occupied  by  a  Frenchman.  Speedily 
retreating,  he  never  came  again,  and  judicial 
proceedings  for  Saint  Croix  county  ended  for 
several  years.  Phiiieas  Lawrence  was  the  first 
sheriff  of  this  county. 

On  the  tenth  of  October,  1843,  was  commenced 
a  settlement  which  has  become  the  town  of  Still- 
water. The  names  of  the  proprietors  were  John 
McKusick  from  Maine,  Calvin  Leach  from  Ver- 
mont, Elam  Greeley  from  Maine,  and  Eliaa 
McKean  from  Pennsylvania.  They  immediately 
commenced  the  erection  of  a  sawrnill. 

John  H.  Fonda,  elected  on  the  twenty-second 
of  September,  as  coroner  of  Crawford  county, 
Wisconsm,  asserts  that  he  was  once  notified  that 
a  dead  body  was  lying  in  the  water  opposite  Pig's 
Eye  slough,  and  immediately  proceeded  to  the 
spot,  and  on  taking  it  out,  recognized  it  as  the 
body  of  a  negro  woman  belonging  to  a  certain 
captain  of  the  United  States  army  then  at  Fort 
Crawford.  The  body  was  cruelly  cut  and  bruised, 
but  no  one  appearuig  to  recognise  it,  a  verdict  of 
"  Found  dead,"  was  rendered,  and  the  corpse  was 
buried.  Soon  after,  it  came  to  light  that  the 
woman  was  whipped  to  death,  and  thrown  into 
the  river  during  the  night. 

The  year  that  the  Dahkotahs  ceded  their  lands 
east  of  the  Mississippi,  a  Canadian  Frenchman 
by  the  name  of  Parrant,  the  ideal  of  an  Indian 
whisky  seller,  erected  a  shanty  in  what  is  now 
the  city  of  Saint  Paul.  Ignorant  and  overbear- 
ing he  loved  money  more  than  his  own  soul. 
Destitute  of  one  eye,  and  the  other  resembling 
that  of  a  pig,  he  was  a  good  representative  of 
Caliban.  Some  one  writing  from  his  groggery 
designated  it  as  "  Pig's  Eye."  The  reply  to  the 
letter  was  directed  in  good  faith  to"  Pig's  Eye" 


114 


EXPLOREBS  AXB  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


Some  years  ago  the  editor  of  the  Saint  Paul 
Press  described  the  occasion  in  these  words : 

"  Edmund  Brisette.  a  clerkly  Frencliman  for 
those  days,  who  lives,  or  did  live  a  httle  while 
ago,  on  Lake  Harriet,  was  one  day  seated  at  a 
table  in  Parranfs  cabin,  with  pen  and  paper 
about  to  write  a  letter  for  Parrant  (for  Parrant. 
like  Charlemagre.  could  not  write)  to  a  friend 
of  the  latter  in  Canada.  The  question  of  geog- 
raphy puzzled  Brissette  at  the  outset  of  the 
epistle ;  where  should  he  date  a  letter  from  a 
place  without  a  name  ?  He  looked  up  inquh- 
ingly  to  Parrant.  and  met  the  dead,  cold  glare  of 
the  Pig's  Eye  fixed  upon  him.  with  an  irresist- 
ible suggestiveness  that  was  inspiration  to 
Brisette." 

In  1842,  the  late  Henry  Jackson,  of  Mahkahto, 
settled  at  the  same  spot,  and  erected  the  first 
store  on  the  height  just  above  the  lower  landiug, 
Roberts  and  Simpson  followed,  and  opened 
small  Indian  trading  shops.  In  1846,  the  site  of 
Saint  Paul  was  cliiefly  occupied  by  a  few  shanties 
owned  by  "  certain  lewd  fellows  of  the  baser 
sort,"  who  sold  rum  to  the  soldier  and  Indian. 
It  was  despised  by  all  decent  white  men.  and 
known  to  the  Dahkotahs  by  an  expression  in 
their  tongue  which  means,  the  place  where  they 
sell  miune-wakan  [supernatural  water]. 

The  chief  of  the  Kaposiaband  in  1S46,  was  shot 
by  his  own  brother  in  a  dnuiken  revel,  but  sur- 
viving the  wound,  and  apparently  alarmed  at  the 
deterioration  under  the  influence  of  the  modem 
harpies  at  Samt  Paul,  went  to  Mr.  Bruce,  IniUan 
Agent,  at  Fort  SuelUng.  and  requested  a  mis- 
sionarj'.  The  Indian  Agent  m  his  report  to  gov- 
ernment, says : 

'•  The  chief  of  the  Little  Crow's  band,  who  re- 
sides below  this  place  (Fort  Snelling)  about  nme 
miles,  in  the  immediate  neighbourhood  of  the 
whiskey  dealers,  has  requested  to  have  a  school 
established  at  his  village.  He  says  they  are  de- 
termined to  reform,  and  for  the  future,  will  try 
to  do  better.  I  wrote  to  Doctor  AVilliamson  soon 
after  the  request  was  made,  desiring  him  to  take 
charge  of  the  school.  He  has  had  charge  of  the 
mission  school  at  Lac  qui  Parle  for  some  years : 
is  well  qualified,  and  is  an  excellent  phvsician.'" 

In  November,  1846,  Dr.  Williamson  came  from 
Lac  qui  Parle,  as  requested,  and  became  a  resi- 
dent of  Kaposia.    While  disapproving  of  their 


practices,  he  felt  a  kindly  interest  in  the  whites 
of  Pig's  Eye.  which  place  was  now  beginning  to 
be  called,  after  a  little  log  chapel  which  had  been 
erected  at  the  suggestion  of  Rev.  L.  Galtier,  and 
called  Saint  Paul's.  Though  a  missionarj-  among 
the  Dahkotahs,  he  was  the  first  to  take  steps  to 
promote  the  education  of  the  whites  and  half- 
breeds  of  Minnesota.  In  the  year  1S47,  he  wrote 
to  ex-Governor  Slade,  President  of  the  iJfational 
Popular  Education  Society,  in  relation  to  the 
condition  of  what  has  subsequently  become  the 
capital  of  the  state. 

In  accordance  with  his  request,  Miss  II.  E. 
Bishop  came  to  his  mission-house  at  Kiiposia, 
and,  after  a  short  time,  was  introduced  by  him 
to  the  citizens  of  Saint  Paul.  The  firet  school- 
house  in  Minnesota  besides  those  connected  with 
the  Indian  missions,  stood  near  the  site  of  the 
old  Brick  Presbyterian  chiu-ch,  comer  of  Saint 
Peter  and  Third  street,  and  is  thus  described  by 
the  teacher  : 

•'  The  school  was  commenced  in  a  little  log 
hovel,  covered  with  bark,  and  chinked  with  mud, 
pre\iously  used  as  a  blacksmith  shop.  On  three 
sides  of  the  interior  of  this  humble  log  cabin, 
pegs  were  driven  into  the  logs,  upon  which  boards 
were  laid  for  seats.  Another  seat  was  made  by 
placing  one  end  of  a  plank  between  the  cracks 
of  the  logs,  and  the  other  upon  a  chair.  This 
was  for  visitors.  A  rickety  cross-legged  table  in 
the  centre,  and  a  hen's  nest  in  one  comer,  com- 
pleted the  furniture." 

Saint  Croix  ceunty,  in  the  year  184",  was  de- 
tached from  Crawford  coimt>%  Wisconsin,  and 
reorganized  for  judicial  pin-poses,  and  Stillwater 
made  the  county  seat.  In  the  month  of  June 
the  United  States  District  Court  held  its  session 
in  the  store-room  of  Mr.  John  McKusick ;  Judge 
Charles  Dunn  presiduig.  A  large  number  of 
lumbermen  had  been  attracted  by  the  pineries 
in  the  upper  portion  of  the  valley  of  Saint  Croix, 
and  Stillwater  was  looked  upon  as  the  center  of 
the  lumbering  interest.  _ 

The  Kev.  Mr.  Boutwell.  feeUng  that  he  could 
be  more  useful,  left  the  Ojibways.  and  took  up 
liis  residence  near  Stillwater,  preaching  to  tlie 
lumbermen  at  the  Falls  of  Saint  Croix.  Marine 
Mills.  Stillwater,  and  Cottage  Grove.  In  a  letter 
speaking  of  Stillwater,  he  says,  "  Here  is  a  little 
tillage  sprung  up  like  a  gourd,  but  whether  it  Is 
to  perish  as  soon,  Godonly  knows." 


NAMES  PROPOSED  FOR  MINNESOTA   TERRITORY. 


115 


CHAPTER  XXI. 

EVENTS  PEELIMIKARY  TO  THE  ORC4ANIZATION  OF  THE  MINNESOTA  TEBRITOKY. 


Wisconsin  State  Boundaries — First  Bill  for  the  Organization  of  Minnesota  Terri* 
tory,  A.  D.  1846 — Change  of  Wisconsin  Boundary — Memorial  of  Saint  Croix 
Valley  citizens — Various  names  proposed  for  the  New  Territory — Convention  at 
Stillwater — H.  H.  Sibley  elected  Delegate  to  Congress. — Derivation  of  word 
Minnesota. 

Three  years  elapsed  from  the  time  that  the 
territory  of  Minnesota  was  proposed  in  Congress, 
to  the  final  passage  of  the  organic  act.  On  the 
sixth  of  August,  1846,  an  act  was  passed  by  Con- 
gress authorizing  the  citizens  of  Wisconsin  Ter- 
ritory to  frame  a  constitution  and  form  a  state 
government.  The  act  fixed  the  Saint  Louis  river 
to  the  rapids,  from  thence  south  to  the  Saint 
Croix,  and  thence  down  that  river  to  its  junction 
with  the  Mississippi,  as  the  western  boundary. 

On  the  twenty -third  of  December,  1846,  the 
delegate  from  Wisconsin,  Morgan  L.  Martin,  m- 
troduced  a  bill  in  Congress  for  the  organization 
of  a  territory  of  Minnesota.  Tliis  bill  made  its 
western  boundary  the  Sioux  and  Red  River  of 
the  North.  On  the  third  of  March,  1847,  per- 
mission was  granted  to  Wisconsin  to  change  her 
boundary,  so  that  the  western  limit  would  pro- 
ceed due  south  from  the  first  rapids  of  the  Saint 
Louis  river,  and  fifteen  miles  east  of  the  most 
easterly  point  of  Lake  Saint  Croix,  thence  to  the 
Mississippi. 

A  number  in  the  constitutional  convention  of 
Wisconsin,  were  anxious  that  Rum  river  should 
be  a  part  of  her  western  boimdary,  while  citizens 
of  the  valley  of  the  Saint  Croix  were  desirous 
that  the  Chippeway  river  should  be  the  limit  of 
Wisconsin.  The  citizens  of  Wisconsin  Territory, 
in  the  valley  of  the  Samt  Croix,  and  about  Fort 
Snelling,  wished  to  be  included  in  the  projected 
new  territory,  and  on  the  twenty-eighth  of  March, 
1848,  a  memorial  signed  by  II.  II.  Sibley,  Henry 
M.  Rice,  Franklin  Steele,  William  R.  Marshall, 
and  others,  was  presented  to  Congress,  remon- 
strating against  the  proposition  before  the  con- 
vention to  make  Rum  river  a  part  of  the  bound- 
ary line  of  the  contemplated  state  of  Wisconsin. 


On  the  twenty-ninth  of  May,  1848,  the  act  to 
admit  Wisconsin  changed  the  boundary  Une  to 
the  present,  and  as  first  defined  in  the  enabling 
act  of  1846.  After  the  bill  of  Mr.  Martin  was 
introduced  into  the  House  of  Representatives  in 
1846  it  was  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Terri- 
tories, of  which  ^Ir.  Douglas  was  chairman.  On 
the  twentieth  of  January,  1847,  he  reported  in 
favor  of  the  proposed  territory  with  the  name 
of  Itasca.  On  the  seventeenth  of  February,  be- 
fore the  bill  passed  the  House,  a  discussion  arose 
in  relation  to  the  proposed  name.  Mr.  Win- 
throp  of  jSIassachusetts  proposed  Chippewa  as  a 
substitute,  alleging  that  this  tribe  was  the  prin- 
cipal in  the  proposed  territory,  which  was  not 
correct.  Mr.  J.  Thompson  of  Mississippi  disliked 
all  Indian  names,  and  hoped  the  territory  would 
be  called  Jackson.  Mr.  Houston  of  Delaware 
thought  that  there  ought  to  be  one  territory 
named  after  the  "  Father  of  his  country,"  and 
proposed  Washington.  All  of  the  names  pro- 
posed were  rejected,  and  the  name  in  the  original 
bill  inserted.  On  the  last  day  of  the  session, 
March  third,  the  bill  was  called  up  ui  the  Senate 
and  laid  on  the  table. 

When  Wisconsin  became  a  state  the  query 
arose  whether  the  old  territorial  government  did 
not  contmue  in  force  west  of  the  Saint  Croix 
river.  The  first  meeting  on  the  subject  of  claim- 
ing territorial  privileges  was  held  hi  the  building 
at  Samt  Paul,  known  as  Jackson's  store,  near  the 
corner  of  Bench  and  Jackson  streets,  on  the 
bluff.  This  meeting  was  held  in  July,  and  a 
convention  was  proposed  to  consider  their  posi- 
tion. The  first  public  meeting  was  held  at  Still- 
water on  August  foiutli,  and  Messrs.  Steele  and 
Sibley  were  the  only  persons  present  from  the 
west  side  of  the  Mississippi.  This  meeting  is- 
sued a  call  for  a  general  convention  to  take  steps 
to  secure  an  early  territorial  orgaruzation,  to 
assemble  on  the  twenty-sixth  of  the  month  at 


116 


EXPLORHES  AXI)  PIOXEERS  OF  MIXXESOTA. 


the  same  place.  Sixty-two  delegates  answered 
the  call,  and  among  those  present,  were  AV.  D. 
Phillips,  J.  ^y.  Bass,  A.  Larpenteur,  J.  M.  Boal. 
and  others  from  Saint  Paul.  To  the  convention 
a  letter  was  presented  from  'Mr.  C'atlin,  who 
claimed  to  be  acting  governor,  giving  his  opinion 
that  the  AVisconsm  territorial  organization  was 
still  in  force.  The  meeting  also  appointed  Mr. 
Sibley  to  \isit  AVashington  and  represent  their 
■\iews ;  but  the  Hon.  John  H.  Tweedy  having 
resigned  Ms  office  of  delegate  to  Congress  on 
September  eighteenth.  1848.  Mr.  Catlin,  who  had 
made  Stillwater  a  temporary  residence,  on  the 
ninth  of  October  issued  a  proclamation  ordering 
a  special  election  at  Stillwater  on  the  thirtieth, 
to  fill  a  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation. 
At  this  election  Henry  H.  Sibley  was  elected  as 
delegate  of  the  citizens  of  the  remaining  portion 
of  AVisconsin  Territory.  His  credentials  were 
presented  to  the  House  of  Representatives,  and 
the  committee  to  whom  the  matter  was  referred 
presented  a  majority  and  minority  report ;  but 
the  resolution  introduced  by  the  majority  passed 
and  Mr.  Sibley  took  his  seat  as  a  delegate  from 
Wisconsin  Territorj'  on  the  fifteenth  of  January, 
1849. 

Mr.  H.  M.  Rice,  and  other  gentlemen,  visited 
Washington  during  the  winter,  and,  uniting  with 
Mr.  Sibley,  used  all  their  energies  to  obtain  the 
organization  of  a  new  territory. 

Mr.  Sibley,  in  an  interesting  commimication  to 
the  Minnesota  Historical  Society,  -mrites  :  '•  When 
my  credentials  as  Delegate,  ^^■ere  presented  by 
Hon.  James  Wilson,  of  Xew  Hampshire,  to  the 


House  of  Representatives,  there  was  some  curi- 
osity manifested  among  the  members,  to  see  what 
kind  of  a  person  had  been  elected  to  represent  the 
distant  and  wild  territory  claiming  representation 
in  Congress.  I  was  told  by  a  New  England  mem- 
ber with  whom  I  became  subsequently  quite  inti- 
mate, that  there  was  some  disappointment  when 
I  made  my  appearance,  for  it  was  expected  that 
the  delegate  from  this  remote  region  would  make 
his  debut,  if  not  in  full  Indian  costume,  at  least, 
with  some  peculiarities  of  dress  and  maimers, 
characteristic  of  the  nide  and  semi-civilized  peo- 
ple who  had  sent  him  to  the  Capitol." 

The  territory  of  ^linnesota  was  named  after 
the  largest  tributary  of  the  Mississippi  within  its 
limits.  The  Sioux  call  the  Missouri  2Slinnesho- 
shay,  muddy  water,  but  the  stream  after  which 
this  region  is  named.  Miime-sota.  Some  say  that 
Sota  means  clear ;  others,  turbid ;  Schoolcraft, 
bluish  green.  Nicollet  wrote.  "The  adjective 
Sotah  is  of  difficult  translation.  The  Canadians 
translated  it  by  a  pretty  equivalent  word,  brouille, 
perhaps  more  properly  rendered  into  English  by 
blear.  I  have  entered  upon  this  explanation  be 
cause  the  word  really  means  neither  clear  nor 
turbid,  as  some  authors  have  asserted,  its  true 
meaning  being  found  in  the  Sioux  expression 
Ishtah-sotah,  blear-eyed."  From  the  fact  that  the 
word  signifies  neither  blue  nor  white,  but  the 
peculiar  appearance  of  the  sky  at  certain  times, 
by  some,  Minnesota  has  been  defined  to  mean  the 
sky  tinted  water,  which  is  certainly  poetic,  and  the 
late  Rev.  Gideon  U.  Pond  thought  quite  correct. 


MINNESOTA  IN  THE  BEGINNING. 


117 


CHAPTER  XXII. 

MINNESOTA  FROM  ITS  ORGANIZATION  AS  A  TERRITORY,  A.  D.   18-19,  TO  A.  D.    1854. 


Appearance  of  the  Country,  A.  J>.  1S49  —  Arrival  of  first  Editor  —  Governor 
Bamaey  arrives  —  Guest  of  H.  H.  Sibley  —  Proclamation  issued  —  Governor 
Ramsey  and  H.  M.  Rice  move  to  Saiut  Paul — Fourth  of  July  Ci'lebration — 
First  election — ^Eiirly  mewspapers — First  Courts— First  Legislature — Pioneer 
News  Carrier's  AdOrebs— Wedding  at  Fort  Snelling— Territorial  Seal— Scalp 
Dance  at  Stillwater — First  Steamboat  at  Falls  of  Saint  Anthony— Presbyterian 
Chapel  burned — Indian  council  ut  Fort  Snelling— First  Steamboat  above  Saint 
Anthony — First  boat  at  the  Blue  Earth  River— Confrressional  election — Visit.of 
Fredrika  Bremer — Indian  newspaper — Other  newspapers — Second  Legislature 
— University  jf  Minnesota — Teamster  killed  by  Indians— Sioux  Treaties — Third 
Legislature —Land  slide  at  Stillwater — Death  of  first  Editor— Fourth  Legislature 
Baldwin  School,  now  Itlacalester  College — Indian  fi^ht  in  Saint  Paul. 

On  the  third  of  March,  1840,  the  bill  was  passed 
by  Congress  for  organizing  the  territory  of 
Minnesota,  whose  boundary  on  the  west,  extended 
to  the  Missouri  River.  xVt  this  time,  the  region  was 
little  more  than  a  wilderness.  The  west  banli  of 
the  Mississippi,  from  the  Iowa  line  to  Lake 
Itasca,  was  unceded  by  the  Indians. 

At  Wapashaw,  was  a  trading  post  in  charge  of 
Alexis  Bailly,  and  here  also  resided  the  ancient 
voyageiir,  of  fourscore  years,  A.  Rocque. 

At  the  foot  of  Lake  Pepin  was  a  store  house 
kept  by  Mr.  F.  S.  Richards.  On  the  west  shore  of 
the  lake  lived  the  eccentric  WeUs,  whose  wife 
was  a  bois  brule,  a  daughter  of  the  deceased 
trader,  Duncan  Graham. 

The'  two  unfinished  buildings  of  stone,  on 
the  beautiful  bank  opposite  the  renowned 
Maiden's  Rock,  and  the  surrounding  skin  lodges 
of  his  wife's  relatives  and  friends,  presented  a 
rude  but  pictiu-esque  scene.  Above  the  lake  was 
a  cluster  of  bark  wigwams,  the  Dahkotah  village 
of  Raymneecha,  now  Red  Wing,  at  which  was  a 
Presbyterian  mission  house. 

The  next  settlement  was  Kaposia,  also  an  In- 
dian village,  and  the  residence  of  a  Presbyterian 
missionary,  the  Rev.  T.  S  AVilliamst)n,  M.  D. 
On  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi,  the  first  set- 
tlement, at  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Croix,  was  Point 
Douglas,  then  as  now,  a  small  hamlet. 

At  Red  Rock,  the  site  of  a  former  Methodist 
mission  station,  there  were  a  few  farmers.  Samt 
Paul  was  just  emerging  from  a  collection  of  In- 
^an  whisky  shops  and  birch  roofed  cabins  of 


half-breed  voyageurs.  Here  and  there  a  frame 
tenement  was  erected,  and,  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Hon.  II.  M.  Rice,  who  had  obtained  an  inter- 
est in  the  town,  some  warehouses  were  con- 
structed, and  the  foundations  of  the  American 
House,  a  frame  hotel,  which  stood  at  Third  and 
Exchange  street,  were  laid.  In  1849,  the  popu- 
lation had  increased  to  two  liundred  and  fifty 
or  three  hundred  mhabitants,  for  rumors  had 
gone  abroad  that  it  might  be  mentioned  in  the 
act,  creating  the  territory,  as  the  capital 
of  Minnesota.  More  than  a  month  after 
the  adjournment  of  Congress,  just  at  eve, 
on  the  ninth  of  April,  amid  terrific  peals  of 
thunder  and  torrents  of  rain,  the  weekly  steam 
packet,  the  first  to  force  its  way  through  the  icy 
barrier  of  Lake  Pepin,  roimded  the  rocky  point 
whistling  loud  and  long,  as  if  the  bearer  of  glad 
tidings.  Before  siie  was  safely  moored  to  the 
landing,  the  shouts  of  the  excited  villagers  were 
heard  announcing  that  there  was  a  territory  of 
Minnesota,  and  that  Samt  Paul  was  the  seat  of 
government. 

Every  successive  steamboat  arrival  poured  out 
on  the  landing  men  big  with  hope,  and  anxious 
to  do  something  to  mould  the  future  of  the  new 
state. 

Nine  days  after  the  news  of  the  existence  of  the 
territory  of  Minnesota  was  received,  there  arrived 
James  M.  Goodhue  with  press,  type,  and  printing 
apparatus.  A  graduate  of  Amherst  college,  and 
a  lawyer  by  profession,  he  wielded  a  sharp  pen, 
and  wrote  editorials,  which,  more  than  anythmg 
else,  perhaps,  induced  immigration.  Though  a 
man  of  some  faults,  one  of  the  counties  properly 
bears  his  name.  On  the  twenty-eighth  of  April, 
he  issued  from  his  press  the  first  number  of  the 
Pioneer. 

On  the  twenty  -  seventh  of  May,  Alexander 
Ramsey,  the  Governor,  and  family,  arrived  at 
Saint  Paul,  butowingto  the  crowded  state  of  pub- 


118 


EXPLOEEBS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


lie  houses,  immediately  proceeded  in  the  steamer 
to  the  establishment  of  tlie  Fur  Company,  known 
as  Mendota,  at  tlie  junction  of  tlic  Mimiesota  and 
Mississippi,  and  became  the  guest  of  the  Hon.  H. 
II.  Sibley. 

Ou  the  first  of  June,  Governor  Kamsey,  by  pro- 
clamation, declared  the  territory  duly  organized, 
^vith  the  following  officers :  Alexander  Kamsey, 
of  Pennsylvania,  Governor ;  C.  K.  Smith,  of  Ohio, 
Secretary ;  A.  Goodrich,  of  Tennessee.  Chief 
Justice ;  D.  Cooper,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  B.  B. 
Meeker,  of  Kentucky,  Associate  Judges ;  Joshua 
L.  Taylor,  Marshal ;  II.  L.  Moss,  attorney  of  the 
United  States. 

On  the  eleventh  of  June,  a  second  proclama- 
tion was  issued,  dividing  the  territory  into  three 
temporary  judicial  districts.  The  first  comprised 
the  county  of  St.  Croix  ;  the  comity  of  La  Pointe 
and  the  region  north  and  west  of  the  Mississippi, 
and  north  of  the  Minnesota  and  of  a  line  running 
due  west  from  the  headwaters  of  the  Minnesota 
to  the  Missouri  river,  constituted  the  second  ; 
and  the  country  west  of  the  Mississippi  and  south 
of  the  ^ILnnesota,  formed  the  third  district. 
Judge  Goodrich  was  assigned  to  the  first,  ISIeeker 
to  the  second,  and  Cooper  to  the  third.  A  court 
was  ordered  to  be  held  at  Stillwater  on  the  second 
Monday,  at  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony  on  the  third, 
and  at  Mendota  on  the  fourth  Monday  of  August. 

Until  the  twenty -sixth  of  June,  Governor 
Eamsey  and  family  had  been  guests  of  Hon.  H. 
II.  Sibley,  at  Mendota.  On  the  afternoon  of 
that  day  they  arrived  at  St.  Paul,  in  a  birch-bark 
canoe,  and  became  permanent  residents  at  the 
capital.  The  house  first  occupied  as  a  guber- 
natorial mansion,  was  a  small  frame  building  that 
stood  on  Thud,  between  llobert  and  Jackson 
streets,  formerly  luiown  as  the  New  England 
House. 

A  few  days  after,  the  lion.  H.  M.  Rice  and 
family  moved  from  Slendota  to  St.  Paul,  and  oc- 
cupied the  house  he  had  erected  on  St.  Anthony 
street,  near  the  corner  of  ^Market. 

On  the  first  of  July,  a  land  office  was  estab- 
hshed  at  Stillwater,  and  A.  Van  Vorhes,  after  a 
few  weeks,  became  the  register. 

The  anniversary  of  our  National  Independence 
was  celebrated  in  a  becoming  manner  at  the  cap- 
ital. The  place  selected  for  the  address,  was  a 
jrove  that  stood  on  the  sites  of  the  City  HaU  and 


the  Baldwin  School  biiilding,  and  the  late  Frank- 
lin Steele  was  the  marshal  of  the  day. 

Ou  the  seventh  of  July,  a  proclamation  was  is- 
sued, dividing  the  territory  into  seven  council 
districts,  and  ordering  an  election  to  be  held  on 
the  first  day  of  August,  for  one  delegate  to  rep- 
resent the  people  in  the  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  United  States,  for  nine  coimcillors  and 
eighteen  representatives,  to  constitute  the  Legis- 
lative Assembly  of  Minnesota. 

In  this  month,  the  lion.  II.  M.  Kice  despatch- 
ed a  boat  laded  with  Indian  goods  from  the 
the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony  to  Crow  Wing,  which 
was  towed  by  horses  after  the  manner  of  a  canal 
boat. 

The  election  on  the  first  of  August,  passed  off 
with  little  excitement,  Hon.  H,  H.  Sibley  being 
elected  delegate  to  Congress  without  opposition. 
David  Lambert,  on  what  might,  perhaps,  be 
termed  the  old  settlers'  ricket,  was  defeated  in 
St.  Paul,  by  James  M.  Boal.  The  latter,  on  the 
night  of  the  election,  was  honored  with  a  ride 
through  tovm  on  the  axle  and  fore-wheels  of  an 
old  wagon,  which  was  drawn  by  his  ad  mi  ring 
but  somewhat  undisciplined  friends. 

J.  L.  Taylor  ha\ing  dechned  the  office  of 
United  States  Marshal;  A.  M.  Mitchell,  of  Ohio, 
a  gi'aduate  of  West  Point,  and  colonel  of  a  regi- 
ment of  Ohio  volunteers  in  the  ilexicau  war,  was 
appointed  and  arrived  at  the  capital  early  in 
August. 

There  were  three  papers  published  in  the  ter- 
ritory soon  after  its  organization.  The  first  w^as 
the  Pioneer,  issued  on  April  twenty-eighth.  1S49, 
under  most  discouraging  circumstances.  It  was 
at  first  the  intention  of  the  witty  and  reckless 
editor  to  have  called  his  paper  "  The  Epistle  of 
St.  Paul."  About  the  same  time  there  was  issued 
in  Cuicmnati,  under  the  auspices  of  the  late  Dr. 
A.  Randall,  of  California,  the  first  number  of 
the  Register.  The  .second  number  of  the  paper 
was  printed  at  St.  Piiul.  in  July,  and  the  oftice 
was  ou  St.  ^Vuthouy,  between  "Washington  and 
Market  Streets,  About  the  first  of  Jime,  James 
Hughes,  afterward  of  Hudson.  "Wisconsin,  arrived 
with  a  press  and  materials,  and  established  the 
Minnesota  Chronicle.  After  an  existence  of  a 
few  weeks  two  papers  were  discontinued ;  and, 
in  theii"  place,  was  issued  the  "  Chronicle  and 


DESCBIPTION  OF  THE  TEMPORARY  CAPITOL. 


119 


Kegister,"  edited  by  Nathaiel  McLean  and  John 
P.  Owens. 

The  first  courts,  pursuant  to  proclamation  of 
the  governor,  were  lield  in  llie  month  of  August. 
At  Stillwater,  the  court  was  organized  on  the 
thirteenth  of  the  month.  Judge  Goodrich  pre- 
siding, and  Judge  Cooper  by  courtesy,  sitting  on 
the  bench.  On  the  twentietli,  the  second  judi- 
cial district  held  a  court.  The  room  used  was 
the  old  government  mill  at  Minneapolis.  The 
presiding  judge  was  B.  B.  Meeker;  the  foreman 
of  the  grand  jury,  Franklin  Steele.  On  the  last 
Monday  of  the  month,  the  court  for  the  third 
judicial  district  was  organized  in  the  large  stone 
warehouse  of  the  fur  company  at  Meudota.  The 
presiding  judge  was  David  Cooper.  Governor 
Ramsey  sat  on  the  right,  and  Judge  Goodrich  on 
the  left.  Hon.  II.  II.  Sibley  was  the  foreman  of 
the  grand  jury.  As  some  of  the  jurors  coidd  not 
speak  the  English  language,  W.  II.  Forbes  acted 
as  intei-preter.  The  charge  of  Judge  Cooper  was 
lucid,  scho'arly,  and  dignified.  At  the  request 
of  the  grand  jury  it  was  afterwards  published. 

On  Monday,  the  third  of  September,  the  first 
Legislative  Assembly  convened  in  the  "  Central 
Hou^,"in  Saint  Paul,  a  building  at  the  corner 
of  Minnesota  and  Bench  streets,  facing  the 
Mississippi  river  wdiich  answered  the  double 
purpose  of  capitol  and  hotel.  On  the  first 
floor  of  the  main  building  was  the  Secreta- 
ry's offlce  and  Representative  chamber,  and  in 
the  second  story  was  the  Ubrary  and  Council 
chamber.  As  the  flag  was  run  up  tlie  staff  in 
front  of  the  house,  a  number  of  Indians  sat  on  a 
rocky  bluff  in  the  vicinity,  and  gazed  at  what  to 
them  was  a  novel  and  perhaps  sadtlening  scene ; 
for  if  the  tide  of  immigration  sweei)S  in  fiom  the 
Pacific  as  it  has  from  the  Atlantic  coast,  they 
must  soon  dwindle. 

The  legislature  having  organized,  elected  the 
following  permanent  officers :  David  Olmsted, 
President  of  Council ;  Joseph  R.  Bro-mi,  Secre- 
ary ;  H.  A.  Lambert,  Assistant.  In  the  House 
of  Representatives,  Joseph  W.  Furber  was  elect- 
ed Speaker ;  W.  D.  Phillips,  Clerk :  L.  B.  Wait, 
Assistant. 

On  Tuesday  afternoon,  both  houses  assembled 
in  the  dining  hall  of  the  hotel,  and  after  prayer 
was  offered  by  Rev.  E.  D.  Neill,  Governor  Ram- 
sey deUvered  his  message.    The  message  was  ably 


written,  and  its  perusal  afforded  satisfaction  at 
home  and  abroad. 

The  first  session  of  the  legislature  adjourned  on 
the  first  of  November.  Among  other  proceed- 
ings of  interest,  was  the  creation  of  the  following 
counties:  Itasca,  Wapashaw,  Dahkotah,  AVah- 
nahtah,  Mahkahto,  Pembina  ^Vashington,  Ram- 
sey and  Benton.  The  three  latter  counties  com- 
prised the  country  that  up  to  that  time  had  been 
ceded  by  the  Indians  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, Stillwater  was  declared  the  county  seat 
of  Washington,  Saint  Paul,  of  Ramsey,  and  '•  the 
seat  of  justice  of  the  coimty  of  Benton  was  to  be 
within  one-quarter  of  a  mile  of  a  point  ou  the  east 
side  of  the  Mississippi,  directly  opposite  the  mouth 
of  Sauk  river." 

EVENTS  OF  A.   D     1850. 

By  the  active  exertions  of  the  secretary  of  the 
territory,  C.  K.  Smith,  Esq.,  the  Historical 
Society  of  Minnesota  was  incorporated  at  the 
first  session  of  the  legislature.  The  opening  an- 
nual address  was  delivered  in  the  then  Methodist 
(now  Swedenborgian)  church  at  Saint  Paul,  on 
the  first  of  January,  1850. 

The  following  account  of  the  proceedings  is 
from  the  Chronicle  and  Register.  "The  first 
public  exercises  of  the  Mimiesota  Historical 
Society,  took  place  at  the  Methodist  church.  Saint 
Paul,  on  the  first  inst.,  and  passed  off  highly 
creditable  to  all  concerned.  The  day  was  pleasant 
and  the  attendance  large.  At  the  appointed 
hour,  the  President  and  both  Vice-Presidents  of 
the  society  bemg  absent ;  on  motion  of  Hon.  C. 
K.  Smith,  Hon.  Chief  Justice  Goodrich  was 
called  to  the  chair.  The  same  gentleman  then 
moved  that  a  committee,  consisting  of  ^Messrs. 
Parsons  K.  Johnson,  John  A.  Wakefield,  and  B. 
W.  Bnmson,  be  appomted  to  wait  upon  the 
Orator  of  the  day,  Rev.  Mr.  Neill,  and  inform 
him  that  the  audience  was  waiting  to  hear  his 
address. 

"  Mr.  Neill  was  shortly  conducted  to  the  pulpit; 
and  after  an  eloquent  and  approriate  prayer  by 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Parsons,  and  music  by  the  band,  he 
proceeded  to  deliver  his  discourse  upon  the  early 
French  missionaries  and  Yoyageurs  into  Jlinne- 
sota.  We  hope  the  society  will  provide  for  its 
publication  at  an  early  day. 

•'After    some    brief   remarks    bv    Rev.    Mr. 


V20 


EXFLOUJiiMii  AM)  riOJyjUJi'liS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


Hobart,  upon  the  objects  and  ends  of  history,  the 
ceremonies  were  conchided  -nith  a  prayer  by 
that  gentleman.  The  audience  dispersed  highly 
dehghted  with  all  that  occun-ed.'' 

At  this  early  period  the  Minnesota  Pioneer 
issued  a  Carrier's  New  Years  Address,  wliich 
was  amusing  doggerel.  The  reference  to  the 
future  greatness  and  ignoble  origin  of  the  capital 
of  ilinnesota  was  as  follows : — 

The  cities  on  this  river  must  be  three, 
Two  that  are  built  and  one  that  is  to  be. 
One,  is  the  mart  of  all  the  tropics  yield, 
The  cane,  the  orange,  and  the  cotton-field, 
And  sends  her  ships  abroad  and  boasts 
Her  trade  extended  to  a  thousand  coasts ; 
The  other,  central  for  the  temperate  zone. 
Gamers  the  stores  that  on  the  plaius  are  grown, 
A  place  where  steamboats   from  all  quarters. 

range, 
To  meet  and  speculate,  as  'twere  on  'change. 
The  third  will  be,  where  rivers  confluent  flow 
From  the  wide  spreading  north  through  plains 

of  snow ; 
The  mart  of  all  that  boundless  forests  give 
To  make  mankind  more  comfortably  live. 
The  land  of  manufacturing  industry. 
The  workshop  of  the  nation  it  shall  be. 
Propelled  by  this  wide  stream,  you'll  see 
A  thousand  factories  at  Saiut  ^Vnthony  : 
And  the  Saint  Crots  a  hundred  mills  shall  drive. 
And  all  its  smilnig  tillages  shall  thrive  ; 
But  then  my  town— remember  that  high  bench 
■\Vith  cabins  scattered  over  it,  of  French  ? 
A  man  named  Henry  Jackson's  living  there. 
Also  a  man— why  every  one  knows  L.  Eobair, 
Below  Fort  SneUing.  seven  miles  or  so, 
And  three  above  the  village  of  Old  Crow? 
Pig's  Eye '?    Yes ;  Pig's  Eye  !    That's  the  spot ! 
A  very  funny  name ;  is't  not  'f 
Pig's  Eye's  the  spot,  to  plant  my  city  on. 
To  be  remembered  by,  when  I  am  gone. 
Pig's  Eye  converted  thou  shalt  be,  like  Saul : 
Thy  name  henceforth  shall  be  Saint  Paul. 

On  the  evening  of  New  Year's  day,  at  Fort 
Snelling,  there  was  an  assemblage  which  is  only 
seen  on  the  outposts  of  ci^'ihzation.  In  one  of 
the  stone  edifices,  outside  of  the  wall,  belonging 
to  the  United  States,  there  resided  a  gentleman 
who  had  dwelt  in  Minnesota  since  the  year  1819, 


and  for  many  years  had  been  in  the  employ  of 
the  government,  as  Indian  mterpreter.  In  youth 
he  had  been  a  member  of  the  Columbia  Fur  Com- 
pany, and  conforming  to  the  habits  of  traders, 
had  piu'chased  a  Dahkotah  wife  who  was  whoUy 
ignorant  of  the  English  language.  As  a  family 
of  cliildren  gathered  aroimd  him  he  recognised 
the  relation  of  husband  and  father,  and  consci- 
entiously discharged  his  duties  as  a  parent.  Ilia 
daughter  at  a  proper  age  was  sent  to  a  boarding 
school  of  some  celebrity,  and  on  the  night  re- 
ferred to  was  married  to  an  intelUgent  young 
American  farmer.  Among  the  guests  present 
were  the  officers  of  the  garrison  in  full  uniform, 
with  their  \\ives,  the  United  States  Agent  for 
the  Dahkotahs,  and  family,  the  bois  brules  of 
the  neighborhood,  and  the  Indian  relatives  of  the 
mother.  The  mother  lUd  not  make  her  app^'ar- 
ance,  but,  as  the  minister  proceeded  with  the 
ceremony,  the  Dahkotah  relatives,  wrapped  in 
their  blankets,  gathered  in  the  hall  and  looked 
in  through  the  door. 

The  marriage  feast  was  worthy  of  the  occa- 
sion. In  consequence  of  the  numbers,  the 
ofljcers  and  those  of  European  extraction  partook 
first ;  then  the  bois  brules  of  Ojibway  and  Dah- 
kotah descent ;  and,  finally,  the  native  Ameri- 
cans, who  tUd  ample  justice  to  the  plentiful  sup- 
ply spread  before  them. 

Governor  Ramsey,  Hon.  H.  H.  Sibley,  and  the 
delegate  to  Congress  devised  at  AVashington,  this 
winter,  the  territorial  seal.  The  design  was  Falls 
of  St.  Anthony  in  the  distance.  An  immigrant 
ploughing  the  land  on  the  borders  of  the  Indian 
cotmtry,  full  of  hope,  and  looking  forward  to  the 
possession  of  the  hunting  grounds  Ijeyond.  An 
Indian,  amazed  at  the  sight  of  the  plough,  and 
fleeing  on  horseback  towards  the  setting  sim. 

The  motto  of  the  Earl  of  Dunraven,  "Qusb 
sursum  volo  videre"  (I  wish  to  see  what  is  above) 
was  most  appropriately  selected  by  Mr.  Sibley, 
but  by  the  blunder  of  an  engraver  it  appeared  on 
the  territorial  seal,  -Quo  sursum  velo  videre," 
which  no  scholar  could  translate.  At  length  was 
substituted,  "L'  EtoUe  da  Xord,"  "Star  of  the 
Xorth,"  while  the  device  of  the  settmg  sun 
remained,  and  this  is  objectionable,  as  the  State 
of  Maine  had  already  placed  the  Xorth  Star  on 
her  escutcheon,  with  the  motto  "  Dirigo,"  "I 
guide.''     Perhaps  some  futture  legislature  may 


SCALF  DANCE  IN  STILLWATER. 


121 


direct  the  first  motto  to  be  restored  and  correctly 
engraved. 

In  tlie  montn  of  April,  there  was  a  renewal  of 
hostilities  between  the  Dahkotahs  and  Ojibways, 
on  lands  that  had  been  ceded  to  the  United  States. 
A  war  prophet  at  Ked  Wing,  dreamed  that  he 
ought  to  raise  a  war  party.  .  Announcing  the  fact, 
a  number  expressed  their  wilhngness  to  go  on  sucli 
an  expedition.  Several  from  the  Kaposia  village 
also  joined  the  party,  imder  the  leadership  of  a 
worthless  Indian,  wlio  had  been  confined  in  the 
guard-house  at  Fort  Snelling,  the  year  previous, 
for  scalping  his  wife. 

Passing  up  the  valley  of  the  St.  Croix,  a  rew 
miles  above  Stillwater  the  party  discovered  on  the 
snow  the  marks  of  a  keg  and  footprints.  These 
told  them  that  a  man  and  woman  of  the  Ojibways 
had  been  to  some  whisky  dealer's,  and  were  re- 
turning. Followuig  their  trail,  they  found  on 
Apple  river,  about  twenty  miles  from  Stillwater, 
a  band  of  O j  ibway s  encamped  in  one  lodge.  Wait- 
ing till  daybreak  of  Weilnesday,  April  second,  the 
Dahkotahs  commenced  firing  on  the  unsuspecting 
inmates,  some  of  whom  were  drinking  from  the 
contents  of  the  whisky  keg.  The  camp  was  com- 
posed of  fifteen,  and  all  were  murdered  and  scalp- 
ed, with  the  exception  of  a  lad,  who  was  made  a 
captive. 

On  Thursday,  the  victors  came  to  Stillwater, 
and  danced  the  scalp  dance  around  the  captive 
boy,  in  the  heat  of  excitement,  striking  him  in  the 
face  with  the  scarcely  cold  and  bloody  scalps  of 
his  relatives.  The  child  was  then  taken  to  Ka- 
posia, and  adopted  by  the  chief.  Governor  Eam- 
sey  immediately  took  measures  to  send  the  boy  to 
his  friends.  At  a  conference  held  at  the  Gov- 
ernor's mansion,  the  boy  was  deUvered  up,  and, 
on  being  led  out  to  the  kitchen  by  a  little  son  of 
the  Governor,  since  deceased,  to  receive  refresh- 
ments, he  cried  bitterly,  seemingly  more  alarmed 
at  being  left  with  the  whites  than  he  had  been 
while  a  captive  at  Kaposia. 

From  the  first  of  April  the  waters  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi began  to  rise,  and  on  the  thirteenth,  the 
lower  floor  of  the  warehouse,  then  occupied  by 
WiUiam  Constans,  at  the  foot  of  Jackson  street, 
St.  Paul,  was  submerged.  Taking  advantage  of 
the  freshet,  the  steamboat  Anthony  Wayne,  for  a 
purse  of  two  hundred  dollars,  ventured  through 
the  swift  current  above  Fort  Snelling,  and  reached 


the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony.  The  boat  loft  the  fort 
after  dinner,  with  Governor  Ramsey  and  other 
guests,  also  the  band  of  the  Sixth  Regiment  on 
board,  and  reached  the  falls  between  three  and 
four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon.  The  whole  town, 
men,  women  and  children,  Uned  the  shore  as  the 
boat  approached,  and  welcomed  this  first  arrival, 
with  shouts  and  wavuig  handkerchiefs. 

On  the  afternoon  of  May  fifteenth,  there  miglit 
have  been  seen,  hurrying  through  the  streets  of 
Saint  Paul,  a  number  of  naked  and  pamted  braves 
of  the  Kaposia  band  of  Dahkotahs,  ornamented 
with  all  the  attire  of  war,  and  panting  for  the 
scalps  of  their  enemies.  A  few  hours  Ijefore,  the 
warhke  head  chief  of  the  Ojibways,  young  Ilole- 
in-the-Day ,  havuig  secreted  his  canoe  in  the  retired 
gorge  which  leads  to  the  cave  in  the  upper  sub- 
urbs, with  two  or  three  associates  had  crossed  the 
river,  and,  almost  in  sight  of  the  citizens  of  the 
town,  had  attacked  a  small  party  of  Dahkotahs, 
and  murdered  and  scalped  one  man.  On  receipt 
of  the  news,  (lovernor  Ramsey  granted  a  parole 
to  the  thu'teen  Dahkotahs  confined  in  Fort  Snell- 
ing, for  participating  in  the  Apple  river  massacre. 

On  the  morning  of  the  sixteenth  of  May,  the 
first  Protestant  church  edifice  completed  in  the 
white  settlements,  a  small  frame  bnildmg,  built 
for  the  Presbyterian  church,  at  Saint  Paul,  was 
destroyed  by  fire,  it  l)eing  the  first  conflagi'ation 
that  had  occurred  since  the  organization  of  the 
territory. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  events  of  the  year 
1850,  was  the  Indian  council,  at  Fort  Snelling. 
Governor  Ramsey  had  sent  runners  to  the  differ- 
ent bands  of  the  Ojibways  and  Dahkotahs,  to 
meet  him  at  the  fort,  for  tl;e  purpose  of  en- 
deavouring to'adjust  their  ditticulties. 

On  Wednesday,  the  twelfth  of  June,  after 
much  talking,  as  is  customary  at  Indian  councils, 
the  two  tribes  agreed  as  they  had  frequently  done 
before,  to  be  friendly,  and  Governor  Ramsey 
presenting  to  each  party  an  ox.  the  council  was 
dissolved. 

On  Thursday,  the  Ojibways  Ndsited  St.  Paul 
for  the  first  time,  young  Hole-in-the-Day  being 
dressed  in  a  coat  of  a  captain  of  United  States 
infantry,  which  had  been  presented  to  him  at  the 
fort.  On  Friday,  they  left  in  the  steamer  Gov- 
ernor Ramsey,  wliich  had  been  built  at  St.  An- 
thony, and  just  commenced  running  between 


122 


EXPLORERS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


that  point  and  Sauk  Eapids.  for  their  homes  in 
the  -svildemess  of  the  Upper  Mississippi. 

The  summer  of  18-50  was  tlie  commencement 
of  the  navigation  of  the  :Minnesota  Eiver  by 
steamboats.  With  the  exception  of  a  steamer 
that  made  a  pleasure  excursion  as  far  as  Shokpay, 
in  1841,  no  large  vessels  had  ever  disturbed  the 
waters  of  this  stream.  In  June,  the  '"Anthony 
Wayne,"  which  a  few  weeks  before  had  ascended 
to  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  made  a  trip.  On 
the  eighteenth  of  July  she  made  a  second  trip, 
going  almost  to  Mahkahto.  Tlie  '•  Nominee " 
also  navigated  the  stream  for  some  distance. 

On  the  twenty-second  of  July  the  officers  of 
tlie  •■  Yankee."'  taking  advantage  of  the  higli 
water,  determined  to  navigate  the  stream  as  far 
as  possible.  The  boat  ascended  to  near  the  Cot- 
tonwood river. 

As  the  time  for  the  general  election  in  Septem- 
ber approached,  considerable  ~  excitement  was 
manifested.  As  there  were  no  political  issues 
before  the  people,  parties  were  formed  based  on 
personal  preferences.  Among  those  nominated 
for  delegate  to  Congress,  by  various  meetings, 
were  H.  H.  Sibley,  the  former  delegate  to  Con- 
gress, David  Olmsted,  at  that  time  engaged  in 
the  Indian  trade,  and  A.  M.  Mitchell,  the  United 
States  marshal.  Mr.  Olmsted  Axithdrew  his 
name  before  election  day,  and  the  contest  was 
lietween  those  interested  in  Sibley  and  Mitchell. 
The  friends  of  each  betrayed  the  greatest  zeal, 
and  neither  pains  nor  money  were  spared  to  in- 
sure success.  Mr.  Sibley  was  elected  by  a  small 
majority.  For  the  firet  time  in  the  territory, 
soldiers  at  the  garrisons  voted  at  this  election, 
and  there  was  considerable  discussion  as  to  the 
propriety  of  such  a  course. 

Miss  FredrLka  Bremer,  the  well  known  Swedish 
novelist,  visited  Minnesota  in  the  month  of 
October,  and  was  the  guest  of  Governor  Ramsey. 

During  Xovember,  the  Dahkotah  Tawaxitku 
Kin,  or  the  Dahkotah  Friend,  a  monthly  paper, 
was  commenced,  one-half  in  the  Dahkotah  and 
one-half  in  the  English  language.  Its  editor  was 
the  Rev.  Gideon  H.  Pond,  a  Presbyterian  mis- 
sionary, and  its  place  of  publication  at  Saint  Paul. 
It  was  published  for  nearly  two  yeare,  and.  though 
it  failed  to  attract  the  attention  of  the  Indian 
mind,  it  conveyed  to  the  English  reader  much 


correct  information  in  relation  to  the  habits,  the 
belief,  and  superstitions,  of  the  Dahkotahs. 

On  the  tenth  of  December,  anew  paper,  owned 
and  edited  by  Daniel  A.  Robertson,  late  United 
States  marshal,  of  Ohio,  and  called  the  Minne- 
sota Democrat,  made  its  appearance. 

During  the  summer  there  had  been  changes  in 
the  editorial  supervision  of  the  '"  Chronicle  and 
Register."  For  a  brief  period  it  was  edited  by 
L.  A.  Babcock,  Esq.,  who  was  succeeded  by  W. 
G.  Le  Due. 

About  the  time  of  the  issuing  of  the  Demo- 
crat, C.  J.  llenniss,  formerly  reporter  for  the 
United  States  Gazette,  Philadelphia,  became  the 
editor  of  the  Chronicle. 

The  first  proclamation  for  a  thanksgiving  day 
was  issued  in  1850  by  the  governor,  and  the 
twenty-sixth  of  December  was  the  time  appointed 
and  it  was  generally  obsened. 

EVENTS  OF  A.  D.   1851. 

On  Wednesday,  January  first,  1851.  the  second 
Legislative  Assembly  assembled  in  a  three-story 
brick  building,  since  destroyed  by  fire,  that  stood 
on  St.  Anthony  street,  between  Washington  and 
Franklin.  D.  B.  Loomis  was  chosen  Speaker  of 
the  Council,  and  M.  E.  Ames  Speaker  of  the 
House.  This  assemlily  was  characterized  by 
more  bitterness  of  feehng  than  any  that  has 
since  convened.  The  preceding  delegate  election 
had  been  based  on  personal  preferences,  and 
cliques  and  factions  manifested  themselves  at  an 
early  period  of  the  session. 

The  locatmg  of  the  penitentiary  at  Stillwater. 
and  the  capitol  building  at  St.  Paul  gave  some 
dissatisfaction.  By  the  efforts  of  J.  W.  Xorth, 
Esq..  a  bill  creating  the  University  of  Minnesota 
at  or  near  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  was  passed, 
and  signed  by  the  Governor.  This  institution, 
by  the  State  Constitution,  is  now  the  State  Uni- 
versity. 

During  the  session  of  this  Legislature,  the  pub- 
Ucatiou  of  the  "  Chronicle  and  Register"  ceased. 
About  the  middle  of  ]Slay.  a  war  party  of  Dah- 
kotahs discovered  near  Swan  River,  an  Ojibway 
witli  a  keg  of  whisky.  The  latter  escaped,  with 
the  loss  of  his  keg.  The  war  party,  drinking  the 
contents,  became  intoxicated,  and,  firing  upon 
some  teamrters  they  met  driving  their  wagons 
with  goods  to  the  Indian  Agency,  killed  one  of 


LANDS  WEST  OF  THE  MISSISSIPPI  CEDED. 


123 


them,  Andrew  Swartz,  a  resident  of  St.  Paul. 
The  news  was  conveyed  to  Fort  Kipley,  and  a 
party  of  soldiers,  with  IIole-in-the-Day  as  a  guide, 
started  in  pursuit  of  the  murderers,  l)ut  did  not 
succeed  in  capturing  them.  Through  the  influ- 
ence of  Little  Six  the  Dahkotah  chief,  whose  vil- 
lage was  at  (and  named  after  him)  Sholc- 
pay,  five  of  tlie  offlenders  were  arrested  and 
placed  in  the  guard-house  at  Fort  Snelling.  On 
Monday,  Jime  ninth,  they  left  the  fort  in  a  wagon, 
guarded  by  twenty-five  dragoons,  destined  for 
Sauk  Kapids  for  trial.  As  tliey  departed  they  all 
Bang  their  death  song,  and  the  coarse  soldiers 
amused  themselves  by  making  .signs  that  they 
were  going  to  be  hung.  On  the  first  evening  of 
the  journey  the  five  culprits  encamped  vsdth  the 
iTwenty-five  dragoons.  Handcuffed,  they  were 
placed  in  the  tent,  and  yet  at  midnight  they  all 
escaped,  only  one  being  wounded  by  the  guard. 
What  was  more  remarkable,  the  woimded  man 
was  the  first  to  bring  the  news  to  St.  Paul.  Pro- 
ceeding to  Kaposia,  his  wound  was  examined  by 
the  missionary  and  physician,  Dr.  WUliamson ; 
and  then,  fearing  an  arrest,  be  took  a  canoe  and 
paddled  up  the  Minnesota.  The  excuse  offered 
by  the  dragoons  was,  that  all  the  guard  but  one 
fell  asleep. 

The  first  paper  published  in  Minnesota,  beyond 
the  capital,  was  the  St.  Antliony  Express,  which 
made  its  appearance  during  the  last  week  of 
April  or  May. 

The  most  important  event  of  the  year  1851 
was  the  treaty  with  tlie  Dahkotahs,  by  which  the 
west  side  of  the  Mississippi  and  the  valley  of  the 
Minnesota  River  were  opened  to  the  hardy  immi- 
grant. The  commissioners  on  the  part  of  the 
United  States  were  Luke  Lea,  Commissioner  of 
Indian  Affairs,  and  Governor  Ramsey.  The 
place  of  meeting  for  the  upper  bands  was  Trav- 
erse des  Sioux.  The  commission  arrived  there 
on  the  last  of  June,  but  were  obliged  to  wait 
many  days  for  the  assembling  of  the  various  bands 
of  Dahkotahs. 

On  the  eighteenth  of  July,  all  those  expected 
having  arrived,  the  Sissetoans  and  Wahpaytoan 
Dahkotahs  assembled  in  grand  coimcil  with  the 
United  States  commissioners.  After  the  usual 
f eastings  and  speeches,  a  treaty  was  concluded 
on  Wednesday,  July  twenty-third.  The  pipe 
having  been  smoked  by  the  commissioners,  Lea 


and  Ramsey,  it  was  passed  to  the  chiefs.  The 
paper  containing  the  treaty  was  then  read  in 
English  and  translated  into  the  Dahkotah  by  the 
Rev.  S.  R.  Riggs,  Presbyterian  Missionary  among 
this  people.  This  finished,  the  chiefs  came  up 
to  the  secretary's  table  and  touched  the  pen;  the 
white  men  present  then  witnessed  the  document, 
and  nothing  renained  but  the  ratification  of  the 
United  States  Senate  to  open  that  vast  country 
for  the  residence  of  the  hardy  immigrant. 

During*  the  first  week  in  Atignst,  a  treaty  was 
also  concluded  beneath  an  oak  bower,  on  Pilot 
Knob,  Mendota,  with  the  M'dewakantonwan  and 
Wahpaykootay  bands  of  Dahkotahs.  About  sixty 
of  the  chiefs  and  principal  men  touched  tlie  pen, 
and  Little  Crow,  who  had  been  hi  the  mission- 
school  at  Lac  qui  Parle,  signed  his  own  name. 
Before  they  separated.  Colonel  Lea  and  Governor 
Ramsey  gave  them  a  few  words  of  advice  on 
various  subjects  connected  with  their  futiu-e  well- 
being,  but  particularly  on  the  subject  of  educa- 
tion and  temperance.  The  treaty  was  interpret- 
ed to  them  by  the  Rev.  G.  11.  Pond,  a  gentleman 
who  was  conceded  to  be  a  most  correct  speaker 
of  the  Dahkotah  tongue. 

The  day  after  the  treaty  these  lower  bands 
received  thirty  thousand  dollars,  which,  by  the 
treaty  of  1837,  was  set  apart  for  education  ;  but, 
by  the  misrepresentations  of  interested  half- 
breeds,  the  Indians  were  made  to  believe  that 
it  ought  to  be  given  to  them  to  be  employed  as 
they  pleased. 

The  next  week,  with  their  sacks  filled  with 
money,  they  thronged  the  streets  of  St.  Paul, 
pm-chasing  whatever  pleased  tlieir  fancy. 

On  the  seventeenth  of  September,  a  new  paper 
was  commenced  in  St.  Paul,  luider  the  auspices 
of  the  ""VVhigs,"  and  John  P.  Owens  became 
editor,  which  relation  he  sustained  until  the  fall 
of  18.57. 

The  election  for  members  of  the  legislature 
and  coimty  oflicers  occun-ed  on  the  fourteenth  of 
October;  and,  for  the  first  time,  a  regular  Demo- 
cratic ticket  was  placed  before  the  people.  The 
parties  called  themselves  Democratic  and  Anti- 
organization,  or  Coalition. 

In  the  montli  of  Xov<*ml)er  -Jerome  Fuller  ar- 
rived, and  took  the  place  of  Judge  Goodrich  as 
Chief  Justice  of  Minnesota,  who  was  removed ; 
and,  about  the  same  time,  Alexander  Wilkin  was 


124 


EXPLOBEBS  AXD  PIOXHEBS  OF  MIXXESOTA. 


appointed  secretary  of  the  territory  in  place  of 
C.  K.  Smitli. 

The  eighteenth  of  December,  pursuant  to 
proclamation,  was  observed  as  a  day  of  Thanks- 
giving. 

EVENTS  OF  A.  D.   1852. 

The  third  Legislative  Assembly  commenced  its 
sessions  in  one  of  the  edifices  on  Third  below 
Jackson  street,  which  became  a  portion  of  the 
Merchants'  Hotel,  on  the  seventh  of  January, 
1852. 

This  session,  compared  with  the  previous, 
formed  a  contrast  as  great  as  that  between  a 
boisterous  day  in  March  and  a  calm  June  morn- 
ing. The  minds  of  the  population  were  more 
deeply  interested  in  the  ratification  of  the  treaties 
made  ^^^ith  the  Dahkotahs,  than  in  political  dis- 
cussions. Among  other  legislation  of  Interest 
was  the  creation  of  Hennepin  county. 

On  Saturday- ,  the  fourteenth  of  February,  a 
dog-train  amved  at  St.  Paul  from  the  north, 
with  the  distinguished  Arctic  explorer,  Dr.  Kae. 
He  had  been  in  search  of  the  long-missing  Sir 
John  Franklin,  by  way  of  the  ilackenzie  river, 
and  was  now  on  his  way  to  Europe. 

On  the  fourteenth  of  ilay,  an  interesting  lusus 
naturae  occurred  at  Stillwater.  On  the  prairies, 
beyond  the  elevated  bluffs  ■oliicli  encircle  the 
business  portion  of  the  town,  there  is  a  lake  which 
discharges  its  waters  through  a  ravine,  and  sup- 
phed  ]\IcKusick"s  mill.  Owing  to  heavy  rains, 
the  hills  became  saturated  with  water,  and  the 
lake  very  full.  Before  daylight  the  citizens  heard 
the  "  voice  of  many  waters,"  and  looking  out,  saw 
rushing  down  through  the  ra\iue.  trees,  gi-avel 
and  diluvium.  Xothuig  impeded  its  course,  and 
as  it  issued  from  the  ravine  it  spread  over  the 
town  site,  covering  up  bams  and  small  tenements, 
and,  continuing  to  the  lake  shore,  it  materially 
improved  the  landing,  by  a  deposit  of  many  tons 
of  earth.  One  of  the  editors  of  the  day,  alluding 
to  the  fact,  quaintly  remarked,  that  "  it  was  a 
very  exti-aordinary  movement  uf  real  estate." 

During  the  summer,  EUjah  Terry,  a  young 
man  who  had  left  St.  Paul  the  previous  March, 
and  went  to  Pembma,  to  act  as  teacher  to  the 
mixed  bloods  in  that  \iclnity,  was  murdered  un- 
der distressmg  circumstances.  With  a  bois  bnile 
he  had  started  to  the  woods  on  the  morning  of 


his  death,  to  hew  timber.  'While  there  he  was 
fired  upon  by  a  small  party  of  Dahkotahs ;  a  ball 
broke  his  arm,  and  he  was  pierced  with  arrows. 
His  scalp  was  wrenched  from  his  head,  and  was 
aftenvards  seen  among  Sissetoii  Dahkotahs,  near 
Big  Stone  Lake. 

About  the  last  of  August,  the  pioneer  editor 
of  Miimesota,  James  M.  (joodhue.  died. 

At  the  November  Term  of  the  United  States 
Distiict  Court,  of  Kamsey  county,  a  Dalikotah, 
named  Yu-ha-zee.  was  tried  for  the  murder  of  a 
German  woman.  'With  others  she  was  travel- 
ing above  Shokpay,  when  a  party  of  Indians,  of 
whom  the  prisoner  was  one,  met  them;  and, 
gathermg  about  the  wagon,  were  much  excited. 
The  prisoner  pimehed  the  woman  first  with  his 
gim.  and.  being  threatened  by  one  of  the  party, 
loaded  and  fired,  killing  the  woman  and  wound- 
ing one  of  the  men. 

On  the  day  of  his  trial  he  was  escorted  from 
Fort  SneUing  by  a  company  of  mounted  dragoons 
hi  full  dress.  It  was  an  impressive  scene  to 
witness  the  poor  Indian  half  hid  m  his  blanket, 
in  a  buggy  with  the  civil  officer,  surrounded  with 
all  the  pomp  and  circumstance  of  war.  The  jury 
fotmd  him  guilty.  On  being  asked  if  he  had 
anj-thing  to  say  why  sentence  of  death  should 
not  be  passed,  he  replied,  through  the  interpreter, 
that  the  band  to  which  he  belonged  would  remit 
their  annuities  if  he  could  be  released.  To  this 
Judge  Hayner,  the  successor  of  Judge  Fuller, 
replied,  that  he  had  no  authority  to  release 
him :  and,  ordering  him  to  rise,  after  some 
appropriate  and  Impressive  remarks,  he  pro- 
nounced the  first  sentence  of  death  ever  pro- 
nounced by  a  judicial  officer  in  Minnesota.  The 
prisoner  trembled  while  the  judge  spoke,  and 
was  a  piteous  spectacle.  By  the  statute  of  Min- 
nesota, then,  one  con\icted  of  murder  could  not 
be  executed  luitil  twelve  umnths  had  elapsed, and 
lie  was  confined  until  the  governor  of  the  ter- 
orrity  shoiUd  by  warrant  order  his  execution. 

EVENTS  OF  A.   D.    1853. 

The  fourth  Legislative  Assembly  convened  on 
the  fifth  of  January.  1853.  in  the  two  story  brick 
edifice  at  the  corner  of  Tliird  and  Minnesota 
streets.  The  CoimcU  chose  ]Slartin  ilcLeod  as 
presiding  officer,  and  the  House  Dr.  Da\id  Day, 


INDIAN  FIGHT  IN  STREEIS  OF  ST.  PAUL. 


125 


Speaker.  Governor  Eamsey's  message  was  an 
interesting  document. 

The  Baldwin  sctiool,  now  known  as  Macalester 
College,  was  incorporated  at  this  session  of  the 
legislature,  and  was  opened  the  folkroing  .June. 

On  the  ninth  of  April,  a  party  of  Ojibways 
killed  a  Dahkotah,  at  the  village  of  Shokpay.  A 
war  party,  from  Kaposia,  then  proceeded  up  the 
valley  of  the  St.  Croix,  and  killed  an  Ojibway. 
On  the  morning  of  the  twenty-seventh,  a  band 
of  Ojibway  warriors,  naked,  decked,  and  fiercely 
gesticulating,  might  have  been  seen  in  the  busiest 
street  of  the  capital,  in  search  of  their  enemies. 
Just  at  that  time  a  small  party  of  women,  and 
one  man,  who  had  lost  a  leg  in  the  battle  of  Still- 
water, arrived  in  a  canoe  from  Kaposia,  at  the 
Jackson  street  landing.  Perceiving  the  Ojib- 
ways, they  retreated  to  the  building  then  knovs-n 
as  the  "  Pioneer "  office,  and  the  Ojibways  dis- 
charging a  volley  through  the  windows,  wounded 
a  Dahkotah  woman  who  soon  died.  For  a  short 
time,  the  infant  capital  presented  a  sight 
similar  to  that  witnessed  in  ancient  days  in 
Hadley  or  Deerfield,  the  then  frontier  towns  of 
Massachusetts.  Messengers  were  despatched  to 
Fort  Snelling  for  the  dragoons,  and  a  party  of 
citizens  moinited  on  horseback,  were  quickly  in 
pursuit  of  tliose  who  with  so  much  boldness  had 
sought  the  streets  of  St.  Paul,  as  a  place  to 
.avenge  their  wrongs.  The  dragoons  soon  fol- 
lowed, with  Indian  guides  scenting  the  track  of 
the  Ojibways,  like  bloodliounds.  The  next  day 
they  discovered  the  transgressors,  near  the  Falls 
of  St.  Croix.  The  Ojibways  manifestmg  what 
was  supposed  to  be  an  insolent  spirit,  the  order 
was  given  by  the  lieutenant  in  command,  to  fire, 
and  he  whose  scalp  was  afterwards  daguerreo 


typed,  and  which  was  engraved  for  Graham's 
Magazine,  wallowed  in  gore. 

During  the  summer,  the  passenger,  as  he  stood 
on  the  hurricane  deck  of  any  of  the  steamboats, 
might  have  seen,  on  a  scaffold  on  the  bluffs  in 
the  rear  of  Kaposia,  a  square  box  covered  with  a 
coarsely  fringed  red  cloth.  Above  it  was  sus- 
pended a  piece  of  the  Ojibway's  scalp,  whose 
death  had  caused  the  affray  in  the  streets  of  St. 
Paul.  Within,  was  the  body  of  the  woman  who 
had  been  shot  in  the  "  Pioneer  "  buildmg,  while 
seeking  refuge.  A  scalp  suspended  over  the 
corpse  is  supposed  to  be  a  consolation  to  the  soul, 
and  a  great  protection  in  the  journey  to  the  spirit 
land. 

On  the  accession  of  Pierce  to  the  presidency  of 
the  United  States,  the  officers  appointed  under 
the  Taylor  and  Fillmore  administrations  were 
removed,  and  the  following  gentlemen  substitu- 
ted :  Governor,  W.  A.  Gorman,  of  Indiana ;  Sec- 
retary, J.  T.  Rosser,  of  Virginia ;  Chief  Justice, 
W.  II.  Welch,  of  Minnesota ;  Associates,  Moses 
Sherburne,  of  Maine,  and  A.  G.  Chatfield,  of 
Wisconsin.  One  of  the  first  official  acts  of  the 
second  Governor,  was  the  making  of  a  treaty 
with  the  Wiimebago  IntUans  at  Watab,  Benton 
county,  for  an  exchange  of  country. 

On  the  twenty-ninth  of  .Jiuie,  D.  A.  Robertson, 
who  by  his  enthusiasm  and  earnest  advocacy  of 
its  principles  had  done  much  to  organize  the 
Democratic  party  of  Minnesota,  retired  from  the 
editorial  chair  and  was  succeeded  by  David  Olm- 
sted. 

At  the  election  held  in  October,  Henry  M. 
Rice  and  Alexander  Wilkin  were  candidates 
for  deligate  to  Congress.  The  former  was  elect- 
ed by  a  decisive  majority. 


126 


EXPLOBEBS  AND  PIONEEBS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


CHAPTEK  XXIII. 

EVENTS  FE03I  A.  D.   1854  TO  THE  ADMISSION  OF  JUNNESOTA  TO  THE  TTKION. 


Fifth  Legislature— Execution  of  Yuhazee— Sixth  Legislature— Firet  bridge  over  the 
Mississippi— Arctic  F-xpl.Ter— Seventh  Legislature — Indian  girl  killed  near 
Blooniington  Ferry —  Eighth  Legislature — Attempt  to  Remove  the  Capital — 
Special  Session  of  the  Legis-lature — Convention  to  frame  a  State  Constitution- 
Admission  of  Minnesota  to  the  Union. 

The  fifth  session  of  the  legislature  was  com- 
menced ill  the  building  jnst  completed  as  the 
Capitol,  on  January  fourth,  18o4.  The  President 
of  the  Couufil  was  S.  B.  Olmstead,  and  the  Speak- 
er of  the  House  of  Representatives  was  N.  C.  D. 
Taylor. 

Governor  Gorman  delivered  his  first  annual 
message  on  the  tenth,  and  as  his  predecessor, 
urged  the  importance  of  railway  communications, 
and  dwelt  upon  the  necessity  of  fostering  the  in- 
terests of  education,  and  of  the  lumbermen. 

The  exciting  bUl  of  the  session  was  the  act  in- 
corporating the  Mimiesota  and  Northwestern 
Railroad  Company,  introduced  by  Joseph  R. 
Brown.  It  was  passed  after  the  hour  of  midnight 
on  the  last  day  of  the  session.  Contrary  to  the 
expectation  of  his  fiiends,  the  Governor  signed 
the  bill. 

On  the  afternoon  of  December  twenty-seventh, 
the  first  public  execution  m  Jilinnesota,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  forms  of  law.  took  place.  Yu-lia- 
zee,  the  Dahkotah  who  had  been  convicted  in 
November,  1852,  for  the  murder  of  a  German 
woman,  above  Shokpay,  was  the  individual. 
The  scaffold  was  erected  on  the  open  space  be- 
tween an  inn  called  the  Franklin  House  and  the 
rear  of  the  late  Mr.  J.  W.  Selby's  enclosure 
in  St.  Paul.  About  two  o'clock,  the  prisoner, 
dressed  in  a  white  shroud,  left  the  old  log  pris- 
on, near  the  court  house,  and  entered  a  caniage 
with  the  officers  of  the  law.  Being  assisted  up 
the  steps  that  led  to  the  scaffold,  he  made  a  few 
remarks  in  his  own  language,  and  was  then  exe- 
cuted. Numerous  ladies  sent  in  a  petition  to 
the  governor,  asking  the  pardon  of  the  Indian, 
to  which  that  oflScer  in  declining  made  an  appro- 
priate reply. 


EVENTS  OF  A.  D.  1S55. 

The  sixth  session  of  the  legislature  convened 
on  the  third  of  January,  1855.  W;  P.  Murray 
was  elected  President  of  the  Council,  and  James 
S.  Norris  Speaker  of  the  House. 

About  the  last  of  January,  the  two  houses  ad- 
journed one  day,  to  attend  the  exercises  occa- 
sioned by  the  opening  of  the  first  bridge  of 
any  kind,  over  the  mighty  ^Mississippi,  from 
Lake  Itasca  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  was  at 
Falls  of  Saint  Anthony,  and  made  of  wire,  and 
at  the  time  of  its  opening,  the  patent  for  the 
laud  on  which  the  west  piers  were  built,  had  not 
been  issued  fi'om  the  Land  Office,  a  striking  evi- 
dence of  the  rapidity  with  which  the  city  of 
ilinneapolis,  which  now  siuromids  the  Falls,  has 
developed. 

On  the  twenty-ninth  of  March,  a  convention 
was  held  at  Saint  Anthony,  which  led  to  the 
formation  of  the  RepubUcan  party  of  Minnesota. 
This  body  took  measures  for  the  holding  of  a 
territorial  convention  at  St.  Paul,  which  con- 
vened on  the  twenty-fifth  of  July,  and  WilUam 
R.  Marshall  was  nominated  as  delegate  to  Con- 
gress. Shortly  after  tlie  friends  of  Mr.  Sibley 
nominated  David  Olmsted  and  Henry  ^I.  Rice, 
the  former  delegate  was  also  a  candidate.  The 
contest  was  animated,  and  residted  iu  the  elec- 
tion of  Mr.  Rice. 

About  noon  of  December  twelfth.  1855.  a  four- 
horse  vehicle  was  seen  driving  rapidly  through 
St.  Paul,  and  deep  was  the  interest  when  it  was 
announced  that  one  of  the  Arctic  exploring  party, 
Mr.  James  Stewart,  was  on  his  way  to  Canada 
with  relics  of  the  world  -  renowned  and  world- 
momiied  Sir  John  FrankUn.  Gatheiing  together 
the  precious  fragments  foimd  on  Montreal  Island 
and  vicmity.  the  party  had  left  the  region  of  ice- 
bergs on  the  ninth  of  August,  and  after  a  con- 
tinued land  journey  from  that  time,  had  reached 


PROPOSED  REMO  VAL  OF  THE  SEAT  OF  GO  VEliNMEiiT. 


127 


Saint  Paul  on  that  day,  en  route  to  the  Iludsou 
Bay  Company's  quarters  in  Canada. 

EVENTS  OF  A.  D.   1856. 

The  seventh  session  of  the  Legislative  Assem- 
bly was  begun  ou  the  second  of  January,  1856, 
and  again  the  exciting  question  was  tlie  Minne- 
sota and  Korth western  Raih'oad  Company. 

Jolui  B.  Brisbiu  was  electeij  President  of  the 
CouncU,  and  Charles  Gardner,  Speaker  of  the 
House. 

Til  is  year  was  comparatively  devoid  of  interest. 
The  citizens  of  the  territory  were  busily  engaged 
in  making  claims  in  newly  organized  coimties, 
and  in  enlarging  the  area  of  civilization. 

On  the  twelfth  of  June,  several  Ojibways 
entered  the  farm  house  of  Mr.  WhaUon,  who  re- 
sided in  Hennepin  coimty,  on  the  banks  of  the 
Minnesota,  a  mile  beluw  the  Bloomingtoii  ferry. 
The  wife  of  the  farmer,  a  friend,  and  three  child- 
ren, besides  a  little  Dahkotah  girl,  who  had  been 
brought  up  in  the  mission-liouse  at  Kaposia,  and 
so  changed  in  manners  that  her  origin  was 
scarcely  perceptible,  were  sitting  in  the  room 
when  the  Indians  came  in.  Instantly  seizing 
the  little  Indian  maiden,  they  threw  her  out  of 
the  door,  killed  and  scalped  her,  and  fled  before 
the  men  who  were  near  by,  in  the  field,  could 
reach  the  house. 

EVENTS  OF  A.  D.  18.57. 

The  procurement  of  a,  state  organization,  and 
a  grant  of  lands  for  railroad  pui'poses,  were  the 
topics  of  political  interest  durhig  the  year  1857. 

The  eighth  Legislative  Assembly  convened  at 
the  capitol  on  the  seventh  of  January,  and  J.  B. 
Brisbin  was  elected  President  of  the  Council,  and 
J.  W.  Furber,  Speaker  of  the  House. 

A  bill  changing  the  seat  of  government  to 
Sanit  Peter,  on  the  Minnesota  lliver,  caused 
much  discussion.  ...     — ■-• 

On  Saturday,  Febniary  twenty -eighth,  ilr. 
Balcombe  offered  a  resolution  to  report  the  bill 
for  the  removal  of  the  seat  of  govenmient,  and 
should  Mr.  Rolette,  chairman  <if  tlie  committee, 
fail,  that  "W.  W.  Wales,  of  said  committee,  report 
a  copy  of  said  bUl. 

Mr.  Setzer,  after  the  readhig  of  the  resolution, 
moved  a  call  of  the  Coimcil,  and  Mr.  Rolette  was 
found  to  be  absent.  Tlie  chau-  ordered  the  ser- 
geant at  ai-ms  to  report  ilr  Rolette  hi  his  seat. 


Mr.  Balcombe  moved  that  further  proceedings 
imder  the  call  be  tli<;pensed  with ;  which  did  not 
prevail.  From  that  time  until  the  next  Thursday 
afternoon,  March  the  fifth,  a  period  of  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty-lb i(.'e  hours,  the  Council  re- 
mained in  their  chtimber  without  recess.  At  that 
time  a  motion  to  adjourn  prevailed.  On  Friday 
another  motion  was  made  to  dispense  w\i\\  the 
call  of  the  Council,  which  did  not  prevail.  On 
Saturday,  the  Coimcil  met,  the  president  declared 
the  call  still  pending.  At  seven  and  a  half  p.  m., 
a  committee  of  the  House  was  announced.  The 
chair  nded,  that  no  commmiication  from  the 
House  could  be  received  while  a  call  of  the  Coun- 
cil was  pendmg,  and  the  .committee  withdrew. 
A  motion  was  agahi  made  during  the  last  night 
of  the  session,  to  dispense  with  all  fmther  pro- 
ceedings imder  the  call,  which  prevailed,  with 
one  vote  only  in  the  negative. 

Mr.  Ludden  then  moved  that  a  committee  be 
appointed  to  wait  on  the  tiovernor.  and  inquire  if 
he  had  any  further  communication  to  make  to 
the  Council. 

Mr.  LoviTy  moved  a  call  of  the  CouncU,  which 
was  ordered,  and  the  roll  being  called,  Messrs. 
Rolette,  Thompson  and  Tillotson  were  absent. 

At  twelve  o'clock  at  night  tlie  president  re- 
sumed the  chair,  and  announced  that  the  time 
limited  by  law  for  the  conthmatiou  of  the  session 
of  the  territorial  legislature  had  expired,  and  he 
therefore  declared  the  Council  adjourned  and  the 
seat  of  government  remained  at  Saint  Paul. 

The  excitement  on  the  capital  question  was  in- 
tense, and  it  was  a  strange  scene  to  see  members 
of  the  Council,  eating  and  sleeping  m  the  hall  of 
legislation  for  days,  waiting  for  the  sergeant-at- 
arms  to  report  an  absent  member  in  his  seat. 

On  the  twenty-third  of  February,  1857,  an  act 
passed  the  United  States  Senate,  to  authorize 
the  people  of  Mimiesota  to  form  a  constitution, 
preparatory  to  their  admission  into  the  L'niou 
on  an  equal  footing  with  the  original  states. 

Governor  Gorman  called  a  special  session 
of  the  legislature,  to  take  into  consideration 
measures  that  woidd  give  efliciency  to  the  act. 
The  extra  session  ctinvened  on  April  twenty- 
seventh,  and  a  message  was  transmitted  by  Sam- 
uel Medary,  who  had  been  ajipointed  governor 
ui  place  of  W.  A.  Gorman,  whose  term  of  office 


128 


EXPLOEERS  AND  PIOXEEBS  OF  JIINSESOTA. 


had  expired.  The  extra  session  adjourned  on 
the  twenty-third  of  May ;  and  in  accordance  i 
with  the  provisions  of  the  enabling  act  of  Con- 
gress, an  election  was  held  on  the  first  Monday 
in  June,  for  delegates  to  a  convention  which  was 
to  assemble  at  the  capitol  on  the  second  Monday 
in  July.  The  election  resulted,  as  was  thought. 
in  giving  a  majority  of  delegates  to  the  Eepubli- 
can  party. 

At  midnight  previous  to  the  day  fixed  for  the 
meeting  of  the  convention,  the  Republicans  pro- 
ceeded to  the  capitol,  because  the  enabling  act 
had  not  fixed  at  what  hour  on  the  second  Mon- 
day the  convention  should  assemble,  and  fear- 
ing that  the  Democratic  delegates  might  antici- 
pate them,  and  elect  the  officers  of  the  body. 
A  little  before  twelve,  a.  m.,  on  Monday,  the 
secretaiy  of  the  territory  entered  tlie  speaker's 
rostrum,  and  began  to  call  the  body  to  order : 
and  at  the  same  time  a  delegate,  J.  "W.  Xorth, 
who  had  in  his  possession  a  written  request  from 
the  majority  of  the  delegates  present,  proceeded 
to  do  the  same  thing.  Tlie  secretary  of  the  ter- 
ritory put  a  motion  to  adjourn,  and  the  Demo- 
cratic members  present  voting  in  the  affirmative, 
they  left  the  hall.  The  Republicans,  feeling  that 
they  were  in  the  majority,  remained,  and  in  due 
time  organized,  and  proceeded  with  the  business 
specified  in  the  enafjling  act,  to  form  a  constitu- 
tion, and. take  all  necessary  steps  for  the  estab- 
Ushment  of  a  state  government,  in  conformity 
with  the  Federal  Constitution,  subject  to  the 
approval  and  ratification  of  the  people  of  the 
proposed  state. 

After  several  days  the  Democratic  wing  also 
organized  in  the  Senate  chamber  at  the  capitol, 
and,  claiming  to  be  the  tree  body,  also  proceeded 
to  form  a  constitution.  Both  parties  were  re- 
markalily  orderl)  and  intelligent,  and  everj-thing 
was  marked  by  perfect  decorum.  After  they  had 
been  in  session  some  weeks,  moderate  counsels 


prevailed,  and  a  committee  of  conference  was 
appointed  from  each  body,  which  resulted  in 
both  adopting  the  constitution  framed  by  the 
Democratic  wing,  on  the  twenty-ninth  of  Aug- 
gust.  According  to  the  provision  of  the  consti- 
tution, an  election  was  held  for  state  officers 
and  the  adoption  of  the  constitution,  on  the 
second  Tuesday,  the  thirteenth  of  October.  The 
constitution  was  adopted  by  almost  a  unanimous 
vote.  It  provided  that  the  territorial  officers 
should  retain  their  offices  imtil  the  state  was  ad- 
mitted into  the  Union,  not  anticipating  the 
long  delay  which  was  experienced. 

The  first  session  of  the  state  legislature  com- 
menced on  the  fii-st  Wednesday  of  December,  at 
the  capitol,  in  the  city  of  Saint  Paul ;  and  during 
the  month  elected  Henry  M.  Eice  and  James 
Shields  as  their  Representatives  in  the  United 
States  Senate. 

EVENTS  OF   A.  T).  1858. 

On  the  twenty-ninth  of  January,  1858,  Mr. 
Douglas  submitted  a  bill  to  the  United  States 
Senate,  for  the  admission  of  Minnesota  into  the 
Union.  On  the  first  of  February,  a  discussion 
arose  on  the  bill,  in  which  Senators  Douglas, 
AVilson,  Gwui,  Hale,  Mason,  Green,  Bro\«i,  and 
Crittenden  participated.  Brown,  of  Mississippi, 
was  opposed  to  the  admission  of  Minnesota,  un- 
til the  Kansas  question  was  settled.  !Mr.  Crit- 
tenden, as  a  Southern  man,  could  not.endorse  iJI 
that  was  said  by  the  Senator  from  Mississipfi; 
and  his  words  of  wisdom  and  moderation  duriig 
this  day's  discussion,  were  worthy  of  remeji- 
brance.  On  April  tlie  seventh,  the  bill  passed 
the  Senate  with  only  three  dissenting  votes  ;  and 
in  a  short  time  the  House  of  Representatives 
concurred,  and  on  May  the  eleventh,  the  Presi- 
dent approved,  and  Minnesota  was  fidly  rec- 
ognized as  one  of  the  United  States  of  America. 


OUTLINES 


OF  THE 


HISTORY  OF  MINNESOTA  FROM  1858  TO  1881. 


CHAPTER  XXIV. 


ADJnSSION  AND  ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  STATE. 


Admission  of  the  State. — Its  want  of  Resources. — The  Hard  Times. — Commence- 
ment of  Railroad  Building. — The  State  Railroad  Bonds  Discredited.—"  Wild- 
Cat"  Banking  Scheme. — The  Wright  County  War.— Failure  of  the  State  Loan 
Scheme.— Attempted  Adjustment  of  the  Dilemma, — Partial  return  of  Good 
Times. — The  Political  Campaign  of  1660. — Secession  Movement. — Prospect  of 
War,  &c.,  &c. 


On  May  11th,  18.58,  the  act  of  Congress  admit- 
ting iSIinnesota  to  tlie  Union,  became  a  law,  and 
onr  State  took  lier  place  among  the  sisterhood  of 
republics,  the  thirty-second  in  the  order  of  admis- 
sion, and  had  thenceforth  a  voice  in  the  national 
councils.  On  the  -4th  of  May,  the  State  officers 
elect  were  quietly  sworn  in,  in  the  Executive 
Rooms  in  the  Capitol,  and  the  machinery  of  the 
State  goverinnent  was  put  in  motion.  The  out- 
look for  the  little  commonwealth  at  this  time, 
was  far  from  propitious.  The  terrible  financial 
revulsion  of  the  previous  year  had  prostrated  all 
business,  destroyed  values,  undermined  confi- 
dence, depressed  the  energies  and  ambition  of 
the  people,  and  almost  entirely  checked  immigra- 
tion. There  was  liut  limited  agriculture  (a  large 
portion  of  the  lu-ead-stuffs  used  being  imported), 
little  accumulated  wealth,  and  that  mostly  based 
on  real  estate,  now  unsaleable,  money  command- 
ing two  per  cent,  a  month;  no  established  indus- 
tries or  manufactures,  not  a  mile  of  railroad,  no 
sound  banks  or  currency,  no  system  for  raising 
revenue,  and  not  a  cent  of  money  in  the  State 
treasury.  In  fact  the  State  was  considerably  in 
debt.  The  loan  of  SliJO.OOO  authorized  by  the 
Legislature  the  winter  previous,  was  not  yet  real- 
ized on.  Meantime,  denominational  treasury 
9 


warrants,  bearmg  interest,  were  used  as  currency, 
while  town  and  county  "  scrip  "  were  generally 
circulated  among  the  people  as  money.  It  was 
under  such  gloomy  circumstances  as  these,  that 
the  State  began  its  career. 

An  adjourned  session  of  the  Legislature  was 
held  in  .July,  but  little  or  nothing  could  be  done 
for  the  relief  of  the  people  from  the  financial  strin- 
gency or  other  troubles  surromidmg  them.  Some 
relief  was  hoped  for  from  the  building  of  the 
land  grant  railroads,  which  were  generally  got 
under  way  during  the  summer,  but  there  was  not 
as  much  money  disbursed  by  the  companies  or 
contractors,  as  had  been  anticipated.  The  direct- 
ors of  the  roads  hurried  their  first  ten  mile  sec- 
tions of  grading  to  completion  as  rapidly  as  possi- 
ble, and  as  soon  as  they  were  entitled  to  bonds, 
according  to  the  terms  of  the  constitutional 
amendment,  applied  to  Gov.  Sibley  for  the  same. 
He  declmed  to  issue  them  unless  the  roads  wotild 
give  the  State  first  mortgage  bonds  in  equal 
amounts,  giving  it  a  priority  of  lien.  This  the 
land  grant  companies  refused  to  accede  to,  and 
applied  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  for  a 
writ  of  mandamus,  to  compel  Gov.  Sibley  to  issue 
the  bonds,  as  demanded  by  them.  The  writ  was 
issued  on  November  12tli,  and  left  the  E.xecutive 
no  alternative  in  the  premises,  so  the  bonds  were 
issued.  Efforts  were  at  once  made  to  negotiate 
them  in  the  New  York  market. 

The  harvest  this  year,  although  a  greatly  in- 
creased area  was  sown,  was  almost  a  failure,  and 
—     -  (129) 


130 


OUTLINES  OF  THE  HISTOliY  OF  MIXXESOTA. 


bread-stuffs  were  still  largely  imported.  Kvery- 
body  was  in  the  most  desperate  straits  financially 
A  winter  of  gloom  and  depression  set  in,  such  as 
has  never  been  experienced  in  the  history  of  the 
Xoi-thwest.  and,  it  is  scarcely  probable,  ever  will 
be  again.  The  price  of  labor,  for  such  as  could 
get  employment  at  all.  touched  an  imprecedentedly 
low  flgui-e,  though,  fortunately,  the  cost  of  living 
had  declined  in  the  same  ratio.  Meantime,  the  ne- 
gotiation of  the  bonds  in  Xew  York,  proceeded 
very  slowly.  Capitalists  were  very  unwilling  to 
invest  in  them,  as  already  some  journals  ui  the 
State  had  predicted  the  failure  and  break-down 
of  the  whole  scheme,  added  to  pretty  clearly  ex- 
pressed threats  that  the  bonds  would  be  repudi- 
ated. Anxious  to  save  the  credit  of  the  State. 
and  prevent  a  disastrous  ending  of  the  measure. 
Gov.  Sibley  went  to  New  York  in  person,  about 
the  close  of  the  year  (1858)  and  gave  his  best  en- 
deavors to  aid  the  pending  negotiation  of  the 
bonds  ;  but  the  capitalists  there,  alarmed  at  the 
hostile  tone  of  the  newspapers  in  the  State,  finally 
refused  to  touch  them  at  all.  The  only  recourse 
now  left  for  the  holders  of  the  bonds,  and  those 
interested  in  the  railroad  scheme,  was  to  use 
them  as  a  security  for  the  issue  of  hank  notes, 
imder  the  recently  enacted  general  banking  law. 
Purported  sales  at  ninety-five  cents  on  the  dollar 
ha\Tng  been  certified  to  the  State  Auditor,  he  re- 
ceived a  large  number  at  this  figure,  and  procured 
for  the  owners  currency  in  like  amount.  Mean- 
time, work  was  progressing  on  the  four  land  grant 
roads. 

Xo  session  of  the  legislature  was  held  in  the 
winter  of  18.58-"9.  The  stringency  increased 
with  each  month.  The  newspapers  of  the  state 
which  survived,  were  crowded  with  mortgage 
foreclosiu-e  advertisements.  Taxes  were  scarcely 
paid  at  all,  and  the  warrants,  or  scrip,  of  both 
State  and  counties,  depreciated,  in  some  in- 
stances, to  forty  or  fifty  cents  on  the  dollar. 
These  were  soon  replaced  by  the  issues  of  the 
new  banks  based  on  the  state  railroad  bonds 
which  now  began  to  flood  the  state,  imtil  the 
names '■Glencoe,"'-Owatonna,"'  '"La  Crosse''  and 
"La  Crescent,"  etc.,  were  familiar  words.  These 
issues  were  regarded  with  considerable  distrust 
from  the  outset.  Bankers  in  the  state  received 
them  with  much  disrelish,  and  generally  at  a 
discount,  while  outside  the  state,  they  scarcely 


circulated  at  aU.  The  Cliicago  papers,  and  some 
financial  journals  in  Xew  York,  classed  them  as 
"wild-cat."  Their  issue  was  pushed  for  a  few 
weeks,  however,  until  in  the  spring  of  1S.59  over 
$200,000  of  the  currency  was  in  circulation. 
There  were,  in  addition  to  these  "  raUroad  banks." 
several  based  on  Minnesota  8  per  cents,  which 
were  actually  worth  par. 

During  the  summer  of  1Sj9  the  reported  discov- 
ery of  gold  on  Frazer  Elver,  and  other  points  in 
British  North  America,  called  the  attention  of  the 
people  of  3Iinnesota  to  the  importance  of  an  over- 
land route  to  the  Pacific,  which  might  ultimately 
lead  the  way  for  a  northern  raUroad  route.  Meet- 
ings were  held,  and  money  was  subscribed,  to 
equip  a  train  to  open  a  wagon  road  via  the  north- 
ern bend  of  the  Missouri  River.  Col.  Wm.  H. 
Xobles  was  placed  m  command  of  the  ex"pedi- 
tion,  which  left  St.  Paul  on  June  11,  and  pro- 
ceeded safely  through.  Another  important  step 
towards  settling  the  regions  beyond  us,  was  the 
successful  navigation  of  Red  River,  by  a  steamer 
launched  this  season.  The  Mimiesota  Stage  Com- 
p;my  also  established  a  hue  to  the  Red  River. 

The  "  Wright  coimty  war,"  as  it  has  been  fa- 
cetiously termed,  occurred  this  summer.  In  the 
fall  of  18-58,  one  II.  A.  Wallace  was  murdered  in 
Wright  county,  and  a  neighbor,  named  Oscar  F. 
Jackson,  was  tried  for  the  offense  in  the  spring 
of  18.59.  and  acquitted.  On  April  25,  a  crowd  of 
men  assembled,  and  hung  Jackson  to  the  gable 
end  of  Wallace's  cabin.  Gov.  Sibley  offered  a  re- 
ward for  the  con^■iction  of  any  of  the  lynchers. 
Xot  long  afterwards  one  Emery  Moore  was  ar- 
rested on  charge  of  being  concerned  in  the  out- 
rage, and  was  taken  to  Wright  County  for  trial, 
but  was  rescued  by  a  mob.  Gov.  Sibley  at  once 
decided  to  take  A"igorous  steps  to  maintaui  the 
majesty  of  the  law.  A  military  force  was  eaUed 
out,  and  three  companies  dispatched  (Aug.  5)  to 
Monticello  to  arrest  the  riotere.  The  troops  pro- 
ceeded to  Jlouticello,  reinforced  the  civil  author- 
ities, arrested  eleven  lynchei-s  and  rescuers,  and 
turned  them  over  to  the  civU  authorities.  Hav- 
ing vmdicated  the  supremacy  of  law  and  order, 
the  bloodless  expedition  returned. 

The  financial  condition  had  meantime  been 
growing  worse.  Early  in  June,  the  brokers  of 
the  state  had  combined  to  depreciate  the  '-Glen 
coe  money,"  as  the  raUroad  currency  was  called, 


ADMISSION  AND  ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  STATE. 


131 


and  as  several  sums  which  had  been  presented  at 
the  banks  for  redemption,  were  not  redeemed, 
they  were  protested,  and  the  state  auditor  was 
compelled  to  advertise  the  securities  for  sale. 
This  caused  a  still  further  depreciation  o-  ths 
money,  until  shortly  it  was  scarcely  ciuTent  on 
any  terms.  Meantime  all  work  on  the  land  grant 
lines  had  lu'en  finally  and  completely  suspended, 
and  §2,275,000  of  the  state  bonds  had  been  issued. 
In  October,  it  was  stated  that  the  bonds  had  been 
sold  as  low  as  ten  cents  on  the  dollar.  The  cou- 
pons due  on  Dec.  1,  18.59,  were  unpaid,  and  the 
companies  holding  the  bonds  declared  in  default. 
Tlie  whole  scheme  had  thus -been  brought  to  a 
complete  failure,  and  was  now  practically  aban- 
doned, while  not  a  mile  of  road  had  been  com- 
pleted. 

The  hard  times,  and  the  failure  of  the  real  es- 
tate speculative  era,  Iiad  one  good  result,  how- 
ever, which  was,  to  turn  increased  attention  to 
agriculture.  A  greatly  enlarged  area  was  sown, 
and  the  agricultural  resources  of  the  State  began 
to  be  known  as  tlie  true  source  of  its  wealth. 
For  the  first  time,  breadstuffs  were  exported,  and 
immigration  began  again. 

The  fall  of  this  year  witnessed  a  bitter  political 
fight.  Two  years  before,  the  parties  had  been 
pretty  evenly  divided.  This  campaig'i  each  one 
spent  its  full  force  and  energy,  and  had  nomina- 
ted for  state  officers  their  most  popular  men. 
The  election  took  place  on  Oct.  11.  Hon.  Alex. 
Ramsey  was  chosen  governor,  by  a  vote  of  21,335, 
over  Hon,  George  L.  Becker,  wlio  received  17,532. 
The  legislatiu'e  which  met  on  Dec.  7,  was  largely 
republican. 

The  most  important  work  which  came  before 
this  session  was  some  adjustment  of  the  dilemma 
into  wliieh  the  state  liad  fallen,  tlu'ough  the  adop- 
tion of  tlie  loan  amendment.  Nearly  the  entire 
session  was  consumed  in  debating  various  plans 
of  extrication  without  much  fruit.  The  loan 
amendment  was  expunged,  however,  and  a  new 
amendment  was  framed  for  submission  to  the 
people,  providing  that  there  sliould  be  no  further 
issue  of  bonct^  to  the  companies;  also,  tliat  no  law 
levying  a  tax  to  pay  either  principal  or  interest 
on  the  bonds  already  issued,  should  be  of  any  force 
or  effect,  until  ratified  by  a  popular  vote.  These 
constitutional  amendments  were  adopted  by  a 
large  majority  of  votes,  in  the  fall   of  the  same 


year.  The  governor  was  also  directed  to  foreclose 
the  deeds  of  trust  given  to  secure  interest  on  tlie 
bonds  loaned,  and  bid  off  and  purchase  the  prop- 
erty sold,  m  the  name  of  the  state.  Tliis  was 
done,  the  following  summer,  and  the  state  agaiu 
secured  the  forfeited  riglits,  francliises  and  land 
grants. 

Tlie  Federal  census  taken  tliis  year  (1860), 
sliowed  that  the  state  had  a  population  of  172,- 
123.  The  harvest  was  a  good  one,  and  business 
was  consideralily  revived.  Immigration  was  be- 
ginning to  become  brisk,  and  building  in  tlie 
towns  and  cities  was  perceptibly  increasing,  while 
the  tilled  area  was  receiving  great  additions. 
It  seemed  that  the  "  liard  times "'  had  al)out 
ceased,  and  the  hope  of  prosperous  days  was  be- 
ginning to  enliven  all.  But  this  gleam  of  sun- 
shine was  of  short  duration.  The  memora- 
ble presidential  contest  of  tliat  year,  tlie  first  in 
which  Jlimiesota  had  a  voice,  was  a  period  of  un- 
precedented heat  and  excitement.  The  electoral 
vote  of  Minnesota  was  cast  for  Abraham  Lincoln 
by  a  very  large  majority,  he  receiving  22.000, 
Douglas,  11,920,  Breckenridge  748,  and  Bell  62. 
It  was  not  long  before  the  disunion  cloud  arose 
in  the  slave  states,  and  the  mutterings  of  rebell- 
ion began  to  be  heard.  It  M'as  a  period  of  doubt 
and  forebodings.  The  currency  used  generally  in 
the  state,  being  largely  based  on  the  bonds  of 
seceding  states,  became  greatly  depreciated.  All 
classes  suffered  much  loss,  business  became  de- 
pressed, real  estate  unsalable,  and  soon  a  condi- 
tion of  distress  ensued,  almost  equal  to  the  darli- 
est  days  of  the  panic,  three  years  before. 

The  legislature  of  1861  considered  the  railroad 
question  at  length,  and  passed  acts  designed  to 
facilitate  the  construction  of  the  land  grant  roads 
l)y  turning  over  the  forfeited  franchises  of  the  old 
companies  to  new  organizations,  believed  to  be 
able  to  complete  tliem.  Tlie  Lake  Superior  and 
Mississippi  Railroad  Company  was  also  char- 
tered. 

The  secession  movement  progressed  steadily 
during  the  winter,  and  it  soon  became  apparent 
to  all  tliat  war  was  inevitable.  Lincoln  was  in- 
augurated, but  his  address  promised  only  coer- 
cion, and  coercion  war.  The  feeble  and  unreal 
movements  for  compromise  and  conciliation  all 
failed.  Meantime  business  in  this  state  was  daily 
growing  worse.  Large  numbers  were  out  of  em- 
ployment, and  anticipatmg  still  furtlier  disaster. 


132 


Ol'TLIXES  OF  THE  HISTOIiY  OF  MIXXESOTA. 


CHAPTER  XXy. 


SmrtTESOTA'S   SHARE  IN   SI7PPRESSIXG  THE   REBELLION. 


The  War  Actually  Bep^in.— Exciteineut  of  the  Period- — Minnesota  Called  on  for 
One  Regiment. — Recruiting  Vigorously  Begun.— The  First  Regiment  Mus- 
tered in  for  Three  Years. — It  is  Ordered  to  Washington. — \  Second  Regiment 
calledforand  Recruited. — The  Filst  Engaged  at  Bull  Run. — Contributions  for 
theRelief  oftbe  Sick  and  Wounded.— Progress  of  Railroad  Building.— Third, 
Fourth,  and  Fifth  Regiments  Called  For.- Battle  of  Mill  Springs.— Railroad 
Legislation. — Battle  of  Pittsburg  l.anding.— A  Sixth  Regiment  Authorized. — 
Curtency  Troubles. — Expeditions  to  Idaho. — First  Railroad  Completed. — Gal- 
lantry of  Minnesota  Troops  in  the  South.— The  Seven  Days  Fight.— HeaTJ 
Levies  of  Men  Called  For.- The  Seventh.  Eighth,  Ninth,  and  Tenth  Regiments 
Ordered. 


Saturday,  April  13, 1861,  was  a  dark  day  in  the 
annals  of  our  state.  The  telegraph  brought  the 
unwelcome  news  of  the  attack  on  Fort  Sumter, 
and  it  was  seen  that  war  was  inevitable.  The 
buUetui  boards  of  the  newspaper  offices  were  sur- 
rounded all  day  with  an  excited  and  anxious 
crowd,  but  courage  and  determination  were  every- 
where visible.  The  next  day  was  the  Sabbath, 
bright  and  bahuy.  The  churches  had  but  meagre 
audiences  that  day.  All  day  knots  of  angry 
and  excited  men  gathered  on  the  streets,  con- 
versing on  the  startlmg  events  of  the  time. 

On  Monday,  the  proclamation  of  President 
Lincoln  was  received,  calling  for  75.000  volun- 
teers for  three  months"  service,  and  assigning  to 
Minnesota  one  regiment.  Gov.  Ramsey,  who  was 
in  'Washington,  had  already  tendered  to  the  Pres- 
ident, in  person,  a  like  force,  Lt.  Gov.  Donnelly 
at  once  issued  a  proclamation  calling  on  the  citi- 
zens of  Minnesota  to  enlist,  and  Adjt.  Gen. 
Acker  issued  a  general  order  giving  the  needed 
mstructions.  In  all  the  principal  towns  and  cities 
of  the  state,  public  meetings  were  at  once  held, 
and  enlistment  stations  opened.  A  fervid  pat- 
riotism per\-aded  all  ranks.  ••  The  war"  was  the 
sole  topic  of  conversation.  Everything  else,  even 
business,  to  a  large  extent,  was  suspended  for  the 
time.  Never,  and  in  no  other  state,  was  a  peo- 
ple so  imbued  with  warUke  zeal.  In  four  or  five 
days  ten  companies,  in  various  localities,  had 
been  raised  and  accepted  by  Adjt,  General  San- 
bom  (Gen,  Acker  having  resigned  to  recruit  a 
company, )    Fort  SnelUng  having  been  designated 


by  the  war  department  as  a  school  of  instruc- 
tion, the  companies  were  rendezvoused  there, 
and  by  the  25th  were  all  in  their  quartei-s,  and 
busily  engaged  in  drilling.  The  regimental  offi- 
cers were  announced  on  the  29th,  and  on  that  day. 
two  weeks  from  the  time  when  the  president's 
call  was  received,  the  •'  Immortal  First,"  over  one 
thousand  strong,  was  mustered  into  service,  for 
three  months,  with  Ex-Gov.  Gorman  as  Colonel. 

Scarcely  was  this  accomplished,  when  the  War 
Department  decided  that  it  could  only  be  received 
as  a  three  years  regiment,  and  it  became  neces- 
sary to  at  once  renew  the  enlistments  on  that 
basis.  After  a  few  days  delay,  enough  recruits 
were  received,  and  mustered  in,  to  fill  a  three 
years  regiment,  and  it  was  accepted  on  that 
basis.  The  War  Department,  contrary  to  the 
hopes  of  the  men,  at  first  ordered  the  companies 
to  garrison  the  various  posts  in  and  near  the  state, 
relieving  the  regulars  stationed  there,  and  some 
detachments  had  already  left  for  their  posts, 
when  the  need  of  more  troops  for  the  Virginia 
campaign  became  imminent,  and  the  order  was 
countermanded  and  the  First  Regiment  directed 
to  proceed  at  once  to  "Washington.  The  compa- 
nies were  quickly  reassembled  at  Fort  Snelling, 
and.  on  June  22d,  left  that  post  by  boat,  arriving 
in  Washington  on  June  26th.  In  the  various  cities 
through  wluch  the  First  passed,  they  were  re- 
ceived with  patriotic  demonstrations  of  respect, 
and  it  was  noticed  by  the  press  as  a  remarkable 
fact  that  a  young  commonwealth,  unknown  and 
almost  without  population  a  dozen  years  before, 
could  now  send  to  the  defense  of  the  Union  a  reg- 
iment of  sucli  stalwart  and  brave  soldiers. 

Meantime,  the  war  spirit  which  had  been 
aroused  in  the  State,  was  not  content  with  send- 
ing one  regiment.  There  were  numbers,  in  fact 
several  almost  full  companies,  who  had  tried  to 
get  admission  into  the  First,  but  were  too  late, 
and  were  anxious  to  go.    Tins  fact  being  made 


MINNESOTA'S  SUABE  IN  SUPPBESSING  THE  BEBELLION. 


133 


known  by  Gov.  Ramsey  on  May  3d,  to  the  Secre- 
tary of  War,  he  at  once  authorized  the  raising  of 
a  second  regiment,  and  the  recruiting  for  the 
same  was  proceeded  with,  with  alacrity.  The 
regiment  was  filled  to  the  minimum,  and  mustered 
in  on  June  2r)th,  with  the  gallant  Van  Cleve  as 
Colonel,  and  rendezvoused  at  Fort  Snelling,  for 
the  time  being,  some  of  the  companies,  mean- 
time, garrisoning  tlie  forts  in  and  near  Minnesota. 
Tlie  First  Regiment  on  reaclung  "Washington, 
was,  after  a  few  days  of  camp  life  at  Alexandria, 
pushed  to  the  front,  and  took  an  active  part  with 
Heintzelman's  Division,  in  McDowell's  campaign 
against  Manassas,  acquitting  itself  well.  On 
July  21st,  scarcely  more  than  three  weeks 
after  its  arrival  in  the  field,  it  took  part  in  the 
memorable  battle  of  Bull  Run,  in  which  disastrous 
engagement  it  lost  174  men,  of  whom  44  were 
killed,  107  wounded,  and  23  taken  prisoners.  The 
gallantry  of  the  men,  and  their  fine  conduct  in 
the  heat  of  battle,  gainetl  the  regiment  as  well  as 
our  State,  great  praise  ;  liut  the  sad  news  of  the 
loss  it  suffered,  filled  our  citizens  with  gloom. 
The  magnitude  and  solemnity  of  the  great  strug- 
gle in  which  the  nation  had  engaged,  began  to  be 
realized,  while  the  sympathy  and  benevolence  of 
the  citizens  of  the  State,  especially  the  ladies, 
was  aroused  by  the  wants  of  the  wounded  and 
sick  soldiers  in  the  hospitals,  and  a  general  move- 
ment made  for  such  contributions  of  money  and 
clothing  and  delicacies  suitable  for  invalids. 
Nearly  $2,000  in  money  alone,  was  promptly  con- 
tributed, and  sent  to  the  Chaplain  of  the  First. 
This  was  the  commencement  of  a  splendid  stream 
of  gifts  towards  the  same  object,  which  continued 
to  flow  during  the  whole  four  years  of  the  war, 
the  Sanitary  and  Christian  Commissions  being 
soon  after  organized  as  a  means  of  collecting  and 
distributing  relief.  In  no  State,  during  the  strug- 
gle for  the  Union,  was  found  a  more  patriotic, 
liberal,  actively  generous  people,  than  in  JNIinne- 
sota. 

Not  long  after  the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  the  First 
Regiment  went  into  camp  between  Poolesville 
and  Edwards  Ferry,  Maryland,  for  winter  quar- 
ters, remaining  there  several  months. 

While  these  events  were  occurring,  the  mate- 
rial progress  of  our  State  was  receiving  an  im- 
pulse. Cajjitalists  from  Ohio  were  induced,  under 
the  legislation  of  the  last  winter,  to  embark  in  the 


completion  of  the  "  Minnesota  and  Pacific  Rail- 
road," from  St.  Paul  to  St.  Anthony.  This  line 
had  been  partially  graded  three  years  before,  and 
with  little  labor  was  made  ready  for  the  super- 
structure. Ties  and  rails  for  several  miles  were 
provided,  and  track-laying  comm-nced.  A  loco- 
motive and  cars  arrived,  and  the  first  wheel 
turned  by  a  locomotive  ia  this  State,  was  on  Sep- 
tember 19th.  At  this  juncture,  unfortunately,  a 
disagreement  sprang  up  between  the  contractors 
and  the  officers  of  the  road,  and  resulted  in  a  sus- 
pension of  the  work  for  several  months. 

Business  remained  very  much  depressed  all  the 
season,  a  result,  in  part,  of  the  miserable  cur- 
rency used  in  trade. 

Recruiting  for  the  second  regiment  did  not 
cease  until  September,  by  which  time  all  the 
companies  were  filled  to  the  maximum,  and  the 
battalion  was  ready  for  service  on  southern  fields. 
Meantime  a  company  of  Sharp-Shooters  had  been 
recruited  by  Capt.  Peteler,  and  having  been  ac- 
cepted (Sept.  3d),  left  on  Oct.  6th  for  Virginia, 
where  they  were  attached  to  Berdan's  U.  S. 
sharp-shooters. 

Congress,  at  its  special  session,  commencing 
July  4th,  had  authorized  the  raising  of  500.000 
troops.  Under  this  call  Minnesota  was  called  on 
for  two  more  regiments,  on  Sept  17th.  There 
were  already  some  partially  completed  companies, 
and  recruiting  commenced  vigorously  in  all  parts 
of  the  state.  Up  to  this  time  all  the  troops  re- 
cruited had  been  for  the  infantry  service,  but  in 
order  to  give  all  who  wished  to  enlist,  their  pref- 
erence for  the  different  arms  of  service,  cavalry, 
and  artillery  organizations  were  commenced. 
Tliree  companies  of  cavalry  were  authorized,  and 
began  to  receive  recruits,  wliile  a  battery  of  light 
artillery  was  gotten  under  way. 

On  Oct.  3d,  Capt.  N.  J.  T.  Dana,  formerly  of 
the  regular  army,  was  commissioned  as  Colonel 
of  the  First,  vice  Gorman,  who  had  been  pro- 
moted to  Brigadier  General. 

On  Oct.  14,  tlie  Second  Regiment  left  for  Vir- 
ginia, but  at  Pittsburgh  was  ordered  to  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  and  soon  after  went  into  camp  at  Leb- 
anon Junction,  where  they  remained  some 
weeks,  guarding  l)ridges.  On  Oct.  2!»th,  the  Third 
Regiment  was  announced  as  (uganized,  and  Hen- 
ry C.  Lester  appointed  Colonel.  On  Nov.  16th  the 
Third  left  for  Kentucky,  and  were  employed  in 


134 


OUTLINES  OF  THE  HISTORY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


the  same  service  as  the  Second,  near  which  they 
were  encamped  for  some  weelis.  The  Fourth 
Kegimeiit  w;r.;  Tilled  nearly  at  the  same  time,  and 
Adjt.  Gen.  John  B.  Sanborn  appointed  Colonel. 
It  was  retained  in  the  state,  doing  garrison  duty, 
imtil  spring. 

On  Oct.  19th  the  First  Regiment  participated  in 
the  action  at  Edwards  Ferry,  suffering  small 
loss,  Init  making  a  noble  record  for  gallantry. 

The  state  election  occurred  on  Oct.  9th.  Parti- 
san politics  were  not  much  noticeable  in  this  con- 
test. Alex.  Kamsey  was  re-elected  for  governor, 
by  a  vote  of  ltj.274  over  E.  O.  Hamlin,  who  had 
10,448. 

The  three  cavalry  companies,  commanded  re- 
spectively by  Capts.  Yon  ^Minden,  Brackett,  and 
AVest,  were  ordered  to  Benton  Barracks,  Mo.,  iii 
December,  and  inconiorated  into  an  Iowa  troop 
called  Curtis  Horse,  and  subsequently  Third  Iowa 
Cavalry. 

The  First  Battery  Light  Artillery,  Capt.  Munch, 
also  left  for  St.  Louis  Dec.  1st,  and  was  soon 
after  ordered  to  Pittsburgh  Landing.  During 
this  month  a  Fifth  Eegiment  was  authorized,  and 
considerable  progress  made  in  filling  it. 

On  January  19th,  1862,  occurred  the  memora- 
ble battle  of  Mill  Springs,  in  which  our  Second 
Regiment  won  a  national  reputation.  Early  on 
that  day,  the  enemy,  under  Gen.  Zollicoffer,  at- 
tacked the  union  forces.  Col.  Yim  Cleve  says  in 
his  official  report:  '•  After  proceeding  about  half 
a  mile,  we  came  upon  the  enemy,  who  were  posted 
beliind  a  fence  along  the  road,  beyond  wliich  was 
an  open  field,  broken  by  ravines.  The  enemy, 
opening  upon  us  a  galling  fire,  fought  desperate- 
ly, and  a  hand  to  hand  light  ensued  which  lasted 
about  thirty  minutes.  *  *  *  The  enemy  gave 
way,  leavmg  a  large  number  of  their  dead  and 
wounded  on  the  tield.  *  *  *  "\\'e  joined  in 
the  pursuit,  which  continued  till  near  sunset, 
Avhen  we  arrived  within  a  mUe  of  their  intreuch- 
ments,  where  we  rested  upon  our  arms  during 
the  night.  *  *  *  Six  hundred  of  our  regi- 
ment were  in  the  engagement,  twelve  of  whom 
were  killed  and  thirty-three  woimded."  Gen. 
Zollicoffer  liimself  was  among  the  enemy  slain. 
Private  George  G.  Strong,  of  Company  D,  is 
thought  to  have  killed  Baillie  Peyton,  a  promi- 
nent rebel  officer. 

The  news  of  the  victory  at  JMill  Springs,  occur- 


ing,  as  it  did,  during  a  period  of  depression,  was 
like  a  gleam  of  simshine,  and  our  Second  Regi- 
ment won  bright  laurels  for  their  gallantry.  For 
meritorious  service  in  this  engagement.  Col.  Van 
Cleve  was  soon  after  promoted  to  Brigadier  Gen- 
eral. 

On  Feb.  24th  Capt.  Alfred  Sully  was  commis- 
sioned colonel  of  the  First  Regiment,  vice 
Dana,  promoted  to  Brigadier  General. 

The  legislature  of  18(i2  had  many  important 
questions  under  consideration,  prominent  among 
which  were  those  measiu-es  providing  for  military 
necessities,  and  putting  the  state  on  a  '•  war  foot- 
ing."' The  work  of  releasing  the  laud  grant  rail- 
roads from  the  entanglements  residting  from  the 
old  flve-milhon  loan,  and  bestowing  tlie  franchis- 
es on  real  capitalists,  who  would  undertake  to 
build  in  good  faith,  was  another  of  the  important 
measures  of  the  session.  The  latter  work  M-as 
successfully  accomplished  la  most  cases.  On  the 
line  of  the  IMinnesota  &  Pacific,  between  St.  Paul 
and  St.  Anthony,  work  was  recommenced  and 
pushed  vigorously. 

On  April  Gth  the  battle  of  Pittsburg  Landing 
occurred.  The  only  Minnesota  troops  engaged 
in  this  conllict  was  the  First  Battery,  which  was 
in  the  heat  of  the  action  at  several  points.  Sev- 
eral cannoneers  were  wounded  (Capt.  Munch  se- 
verely) two  killed,  and  also  a  numlier  of  horses. 
The  battery  did  spleiitlid  service,  and  "  mowed 
the  enemy  down  with  cannister."  Capt.  (form- 
erly adjutant  general)  Wm.  11.  Acker,  of  the 
Sixteenth  Regidars,  was  killed  during  this  en- 
gagement. 

On  JNIarch  20th,  the  Fifth  Regiment  was  de- 
clared organized,  and  the  field  officers  were  com- 
missioned. Rudolph  Borgesrode  was  appointed 
Colonel.  The  Second  Sharpshooters,  Captam 
Russell,  which  had  been  recruited  during  the 
whiter,  soon  after  left  for  AVashington.  arriving 
there  April  2Gth.  On  April  24th,  tlie  Fourth 
Regiment,  and  Second  Battery  of  Light  Artilleiy, 
Captain  Ilotchkiss,  left  for  Benton  Barracks,  and 
were  soon  pushed  to  the  front  in  Mississippi.  On 
May  13th,  the  Fifth  Regiment  also  left  for  the 
same  destination,  excepting  companies  B,  C,  and 
1),  who  remained  behind  to  garrison  forts,  and  a 
few  weeks  subsequently  took  a  conspicuous  part 
in  the  Sioux  war. 

On  May  2(jth,  the  call  for  a  sixth  regiment  was 


MINNESOTA'S  SHAIiJi  IN  tiUPPESSSINO  THE  REBELLION. 


135 


made,  and  recruiting  was  commenced  very  act- 
ively, several  skeleton  companies,  partially  filled 
for  the  Fifth  Regiment,  being  already  in  the  field. 

Congress,  at  its  extra  session,  commencing 
July  4tli,  1861,  had  authorized  the  issue  of  "  legal 
tender"  notes,  which  were  l)y  this  date,  in  large 
circulation.  The  result  of  this  was  to  greatly 
enliven  business  and  enhance  prices.  While  gov- 
ernment was  expending  in  our  State  but  a  small 
fraction  of  the  enormous  sums  it  was  paying  out 
in  eastern  States  for  materials  of  war,  the  results 
were  unmistakably  felt  here.  One  effect  was  the 
gradual  and  almost  complete  witlidrawal  of  coin, 
especially  small  coin,  from  circulation.  This  oc- 
casioned great  inconvenience  in  "making change," 
and  various  devices  were  used  to  overcome  the 
trouble.  Postage  stamps  came  into  general  use  for 
fractional  sums,  and  soon  became  a  decided  nui- 
sance. Then  many  of  the  cities  and  towns,  as  well 
as  busuiess  firms  and  banks,  issued  fractional 
"shm-plasters"  as  currency.  The  country  was 
soon  flooded  with  these,  and  it  proved  an  intolera- 
ble nuisance.  The  issue  by  the  i'reasury  Depart- 
ment, soon  after,  of  "  postage  currency,"  some- 
what relieved  the  dearth  of  small  change.  A 
steady  enhancement  in  the  price  of  goods,  labor, 
the  cost  of  living,  &c.,  commenced  from  tins  date, 
an  inflation  which  lasted  for  two  or  three  years. 

The  material  development  of  the  State  pro- 
gressed during  this  period,  notwithstanding  the 
biudens  and  waste  of  war,  and  the  fact  that  over 
six  thousand  of  our  young  men  were  withdrawn 
from  productive  industry.  An  increased  area 
was  sown.  Immigration  was  becoming  large, 
especially  of  Scandinavians.  Further  efforts  were 
also  made  to  open  and  extend  our  area  of  trade 
towards  the  northwest.  The  reported  discovery 
of  rich  gold  fields  in  the  region  now  knovra  as 
Idaho  and  jSIontana,  led  to  the  formation  of  a 
company  of  citizens  to  proceed  thither  overland. 
On  May  14th.  the  expedition  left  St.  Paul,  and 
arrived  safely  at  the  digguigs.  Congress  had, 
meantime,  been  appealed  to  for  some  protection 
to  this  emigration  movement,  and  a  small  appro- 
priation was  made  for  this  purpose,  and  Captain 
James  L.  Fisk  appointed  to  organize  and  com- 
mand any  party  that  might  wish  to  go  over.  An- 
other expedition  was  organized  and  equipped, 
leaving  on  June  16th,  and  made  a  successful 
journey  to  the  gold  fields.      These  expeditions 


did  much  towards  preparing  the  way  for  the 
opening  and  settlement  of  the  Northwest,  and 
were  repeated  in  1863  and  1864. 

Another  important  event  was  the  completion  of 
the  Minnesota  and  Pacific  Railroad  from  St. 
Paul  to  St.  Anthony,  which  was  opened  for 
traffic  on  June  28 — the  first  line  operated  in  our 
state.  From  tliat  date  on,  railroad  building  was 
rapidly  carried  on,  on  several  of  the  lines. 

'V\Tiilc  thCEO  cncor.raging  events  were  in  prog- 
ress in  our  state,  her  brave  troops,  in  Virginia  and 
Mississippi,  v.'crc  contending  against  great  odds. 
The  Fourth  and  Fiftli  Regiments  and  the  Second 
Battery,  whose  departure  for  "Dixie"  was  noted 
a  few  hues  back,  had  been  pushed  rapidly  to  the 
front,  and,  being  a  part  of  the  "  Army  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi," were  soon  face  to  face  with  the  enemy, 
in  the  great  Corinth  campaign.  On  May  28th 
the  Fifth  Regiment  had  a  sharp  action  with  the 
enemy,  in  which  several  were  killed,  and  a  num- 
ber wounded,  and  won  much  praise  for  gallantly. 
On  July  12th,  near  Murfreesboro,  Tenn.,  the 
Third  Regiment  was  attacked  by  a  greatly  supe- 
rior force,  and  after  a  brave  resistance,  losing 
twelve  men,  its  ammunition  became  exhausted, 
and  )';  was  compelled  to  surrender.  The  men 
were  paroled  a  few  weeks  later. 

Meantime  the  First  Regiment  liad  taken  an 
active  part  in  a  campaign  of  great  danger  and 
hardship.  It  had  remained  in  its  winter  quar- 
ters, near  Edward's  Ferry,  until  March,  when 
(attached  to  Sedgv.-ick's  Division)  it  proceeded  to 
Winchester,  from  whence  they  were  ordered  to 
join  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  near  Fortress 
Monroe.  In  April  they  took  part  in  the  siege  of 
Yorktown.  From  thence  they  participated  iu 
McClellan's  great  Richmond  campaign,  and  the 
"  seven  days  fight."  At  Seven  Pines,  or  Fair 
Oaks,  on  May  31st  and  June  1st;  at  Peach  Orch- 
ard, June  29th;  Savage's  Station,  June  29th; 
Glendale  and  White  Oak  Swamp,  June  30th; 
Nelson's  Farm,  June  3()th;  JIalvern  Hills,  July 
1st,  the  brave  First  took  an  active  part,  and  suf- 
fered severe  losses,  with  great  hardship  and  con- 
tinual fighting.  In  all  these  engagements,  it  lost 
ninety  men.  At  the  Battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  the 
Second  Sharp-Shooters  was  united  with  the  First 
Regiment,  and  continued  witli  them  duriug  tlie 
rest  of  the  campaign. 

The  disastrous  termination  of  the  operations 


136 


OUTLINES  OF  THE  HISTOMY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


by  ilcClellan,  and  the  heavy  losses  of  the  army, 
produced  a  feeling  of  great  discouragement  and 
doubt  throughout  the  North.  On  July  2,  the  pres- 
ident called  for  300.000  more  troops.  Still  this 
heavy  draft  was  met  cheerfully,  and  in  this  State 
vigorous  steps  were  taken  to  fill  our  quota.  On 
July  24th.  a  rousing  war  meeting  was  held  at  the 
Capital,  which  lighted  anew  the  fires  of  ])atriot- 
ism,  roused  the  despondent,  and  infused  new 
hopes  into  all.  llecruitiiig  commenced  vigor- 
ously. But  scarcely  was  the  work  under  way, 
when  the  call  of  August  4th.  for  300.000  more 
troops,  was  issued.  It  now  became  evident  that 
special  exertions  would  be  needed  to  fill  our  quo- 
ta by  the  18th.  at  which  time  the  Secretary  of 
"War  had  ordere*l  a  draft  to  be  made,  if  not  filled. 
Public  meetings  were  held  at  various  places,  and 
large  sums  of  money  were  subscribed  by  individ- 
uals, in  addition  to  local  bounties,  to  stimulate 
enlistments.  Great  excitement  prevailed  through- 
out the  State  for  some  days— fully  equal  to  the 
patriotic  war  spirit  following  the  fall  of  Sumpter, 
and  business  seemed  to  be  almost  suspended ;  in  i 


fact,  in  many  instances,  actually  was.  as  the  en- 
tire employees  of  many  establishments  enlisted. 
To  some  extent,  martial  law  was  enforced  in  the 
State.  The  Adjutant  General,  in  a  published 
proclamation,  forbade  citizens  (males  of  military 
age)  from  leaving  the  State  without  a  pass  from 
him,  nor  were  they  allowed  to  go  from  one  county 
to  another  without  a  permit  from  the  Sheriff. 
Tlie  Sixth  Regiment,  which  was  partially  filled 
when  the  call  of  July  2d  was  issued,  was  quickly 
filled  and  organized.  A  seventh  regiment  was 
authorized  on  August  5tli.  On  August  10th  the 
eighth  was  called  for ;  on  August  13th,  the  ninth; 
and  soon  after  even  a  tenth.  Recruiting  for  the 
old  regiments  was  also  brisk.  Four  companies 
were  received  at  Fort  Snelling  in  one  day.  The 
Press  of  August  19th,  says  :  "  On  Simday  and 
yesterday,  large  bodies  of  men  were  continually 
pourmg  in."  Over  three  thousand  men  were 
then  at  the  fort.  The  work  of  receiving,  muster- 
ing in,  clothing  and  equipping  these  troops,  laid 
on  the  authorities  a  heavy  task. 


THE  SIOUX  MASSACRE. 


137 


CHAPTER  XXVI. 


THK   SIOUX   MASSACKE. 


The  Sioux  Massacre  —The  Events  Which  Probahly  led  to  It.— Discontent  of  tile 
Indians.— The  Murders  at  Acton.— Cominenceinent  of  the  Carnage  at  Red 
Wood.— Awful  Scenes.— Narrow  Escape  of  Whites.— The  Battle  of  Red  Wood 
Ferry.— Fiendish  Cruelties  of  the  Sava(:es. — Panic  and  Flight  of  the  Settlers. — 
Condition  of  Affairs  at  Fort  Ridgely.— The  Alarm  Reaches  St.  Peter.— Rein- 
forcements Set  Out  from  There.— Th?  first  Attack  on  New  Ulni.— The  Savages 
Repulsed.— They  Besiege  Fort  Ridgely— But  Fail  to  Capture  It— And  Again 
Fall  on  New  Ulni.— Desperate  Fighting.— The  Town  Nearly  Burned  Down  — 
The  Savages  Withdraw.  Unsuccessful.- The  Town  Evacuated.— End  of  the  tirst 
"Week  of  Blood."— Its  Results  to  the  State. 


While  these  exciting  events  were  occnrring, 
and  attracting  the  attention  of  our  citizens,  a 
fearful  storm  was  gathering  in  an  unexpected 
quarter,  and  soon  burst  upon  our  state  with  ap- 
palling fury.    The  Sioux  Indians,  of  wliom  sev- 
eral thousand  were  living  on  reservations  in  tlie 
western  portions  of  Minnesota,  had  been  for  sev- 
eral weeks  (i.  e.  since  about  June  14th)  collected 
at  the  Yellow  Medicine  agency,  to  receive  their 
annual  payment.    This  would  have  been  made 
to  them  by  the  proper  otticer,  at  that  time  and 
place,  promptly,  had  not  the  necessities  of  the 
government  just  at  that  juncture,  prevented  tlie 
prompt  transmission  of  the  STO.ddO  in  gold  coin, 
which  was  to  pay  the  Indians  their  annuities. 
As  soon  as  it  could  be  got  ready,  it  was  sent,  and 
hurried  forward  by  special  messengers,  night  and 
day.  arriving  just  one  day  too  late.     Meantime 
the  Indians  were  waiting  impatiently  for  their 
money,  and  for  the  provisions  and  other  supplies 
which  were  to  be  given  them  when  the  payment 
was  made.    They  were  almost  destitute  of  food, 
and  some  were  really  suffering  from  hunger.    In 
this  discontented  condition,  they  were  ready  to 
listen  to  bad  counsel.     Malicious  parties  had  whis- 
pered to  them  that  the  war  liad  destr()>ed  most 
of  the  young  men  of  the  whites;  that  only  old 
men  and  l>oys  were  left;  and  if  so  disimsed  they 
could  repossess  themselves  of  the  laiul;  that  they 
were  to  be  cheated  out  of  their  money  by  the 
traders,  whom  they  had  before  accused  of  de- 
frauding them;  and  other  wrongs,  real  or  fan- 
cied, were    recited   to  inllame  them.    As  was 
usual,  a  small  detachment  of  troops  had  been 


sent  to  the  agency  when  the  Indians  first  assem- 
bled, to  preserve  order.  This  consisted  of  hfty 
men  from  Fort  Ridgely,  under  t'apt.  Jno.  S. 
Marsh,  and  fifty  from  Fort  Ripley,  commanded 
by  Lieut.  T.  J.  Sheehan.  Yet,  notwithstanduig 
the  presence  of  these  soldiers,  guarding  the  ware- 
houses, on  Aug.  4th,  several  hundred  Indians 
attacked  and  broke  into  one  of  the  buildings, 
and  took  about  one  hundred  sacks  of  flour  before 
they  could  be  stopped.  The  missionaries,  with 
Major  Galbraith,  the  agent,  at  length  quieted 
this  outbreak.  The  agent  issued  some  ammuni- 
tion and  goods  to  them,  and  persuaded  them  to 
disperse,  and  he  ^^•ould  send  them  word  when 
the  money  was  ready  for  tliem.  To  this  they 
appeared  to  agree,  and  apparently  left  the  agency 
and  went  to  their  hunting-groimds.  It  was  now 
supposed  that  the  trouble  was  over,  and  the 
troops  were  allowed,  on  Aug.  16th,  to  depart  for 
their  posts.  But  it  was  only  the  calm  before  the 
storm.  All  this  time  bad  blood  was  brewing, 
and  the  storm  gathering,  unnoticed,  or  at  least 
unheeded  by  the  whites.  Only  a  spark  was 
needed  to  explode  this  magazine  of  savage  fury, 
and  that,  at  length  came.  There  is  good  evi- 
dence to  believe  that  during  this  interval  the  In- 
dians were  holding  councils  and  "  soldier's  lodg- 
es, ■'  and  had  concluded  that  as  the  forts  were 
manned  by  but  a  handful  of  soldiers,  it  would  be 
a  good  time  to  rise  and  sweep  away  the  white 
race  from  their  old  hunting-grounds. 

On  Sunday.  Aug.  17.  a  jiarty  of  four  Indians,  be- 
longing to  a  band  noted  for  insubordination,  were 
in  the  neighborhood  of  Acton,  Meeker  County, 
where  they  had  been  for  several  days  himting. 
They  were  angry  and  (luarrelsome.  They  came 
to  the  house  of  a  Mr.  Howard  Baker,  where  they 
found  him  and  his  wife,  and  a  ^Ir.  AVebster  and 
wife.  Mr.  Robinson  Jones  and  wife  and  a  Miss 
"Wilson,  neighbors,  came  in  soon  after.  The  In- 
dians had  jireviously  had  a  quarrel  with  Jones, 


138 


OUTLINES  OF  THE  HISTOBY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


which  was  now  renewed.  They  then  proposed 
shooting  at  a  mark  with  Baker  and  Jones,  whicli 
was  done.  After  diseliarging  their  guns,  the 
Indians  at  once  reloaded,  and  commenced  firing 
on  the  whites.  Jones  and  liis  wife,  and  Baker 
and  AVebster  were  Idlled,  and  Miss  WUson,  Mrs. 
Bal<er  and  cliild,  and  ISIr.'i.  "Webster,  were  un- 
hurt. Tlie  four  Indian  murderers  then  stole 
liorses  in  the  neighborhood,  and  rode  rapidly, 
during  the  night,  to  the  Indian  village  near  the 
agency,  wliere  they  told  what  they  had  done,  and 
urged  that,  as  blood  had  been  spilt,  and  they 
would  suffer  the  penalt>-,  they  must  all  unite 
and  exterminate  the  whites.  The  other  Indians 
then  armed  themselves,  and  at  sunrise,  Aug.  18, 
the  work  of  the  death  commenced,  at  the  Lower 
Sioux  Agency,  near  Red  Wood.  It  is  strongly 
asserted  by  other  writers,  who  give  good  reasons 
for  the  beUef ,  that  the  Indians  collected  at  the 
Agency  had  all  ready  demanded  on  the  massacre, 
and  commenced  it  on  the  18th.  without  knowing 
of  the  events  at  Acton. 

The  first  victim  to  this  hellisli  plot  was  James 
W.  Lynde,  a  clerk  in  the  trading  house  of  Xathan 
Myrick.  He  was  a  man  of  fine  attainments,  and 
had  written  a  work  on  the  History  and  Religion 
of  the  Dakotas,  which  was  just  ready  for  publi- 
cation. Three  other  persons  were  killed  at  the 
same  store.  At  Forbes'  trading  liouse.  near  by, 
George  II.  Spencer,  the  clerk,  was  badly  wounded, 
when  his  life  was  saved  by  the  interposition  of  a 
friendly  Indian,  named  Chaska.  who  protected 
him  mitil  he  recovered.  Other  wiiite  persons  in 
and  near  the  Imuses  at  the  agency,  were  either 
killed  or  wounded,  within  a  few  minutes.  At 
this  point  the  Indians  ceased  their  carnage,  in 
order  to  plunder  the  stores  and  government  ware- 
houses, and  this  delay  enabled  Rev.  S.  D.  Hin- 
man  and  some  other  whites,  to  escape  to  Fort 
Ridgely,  spreading  the  alarm  as  they  went. 

After  a  brief  time  spent  by  the  savages  in  rob- 
bing the  stores,  they  continued  their  w.>rk  of  car- 
nage ui  every  direction.  They  were  soon  joined 
by  the  warriors  of  the  other  bands,  and,  to  the 
number  of  two  or  three  hundred,  spread  through 
the  settlements  for  several  miles  up  and  down 
the  river,  murdering  all  the  whites  whom  they 
coidd  find,  excepting  a  few  young  womem,  whom 
they  took  captive,  and  m  many  instances  burnmg 
the  houses  of  the  settlers. 


Meantime,  the  wliites  at  the  upper,  or  Yellow 
^letUcine  Agency,  some  thirty  miles  distant,  were 
in  ignorance  of  these  dreadful  scenes,  and  of  the 
danger  which  threatened  them.  It  was  not  until 
nearly  night  when  John  Other-Day,  a  Christian 
Indian,  brought  them  the  dreadful  news,  and 
warned  them  to  save  their  lives.  The  whites, 
sixty-two  in  niunlier,  at  once  took  refuge  in  a 
warehouse;  but  llight  seemed  the  only  safe 
course,  and  before  daylight  the  next  morning, 
the\'  were  on  their  way  across  the  prairies  to- 
wards Ilendei-son,  the  men  on  foot,  and  the  wo- 
men and  children,  with  S.  B.  Garvie,  who  had 
escaped  from  his  warehoiise.  after  being  badly 
wounded,  in  wagons.  The  noble  Other-Day 
piloted  them  tndy  and  skillfully.  This  party, 
after  great  hardships,  arrived  safely  at  the  settle- 
ments on  the  Miiniesota  river,  and  thence  to  St. 
Paul,  though  Mr.  Garvie  died  on  the  way.  The 
two  missionaries,  Messrs.  Williamson  and  Riggs, 
also  escajied,  with  their  families,  after  suffering 
much  hardship. 

On  Monday  morumg,  August  18th,  about  three 
hours  after  the  first  outbreak  at  Red  Wood 
agency,  a  messenger  from  that  place  arrived  at 
Fort  Ridgely,  twelve  miles  disbvnt,  with  the 
startling  news.  Captain  Marsh.  Company  B, 
Fifth  Regiment,  then  in  command,  at  once  dis- 
patched a  courier  to  Lieutenant  Sheehan.  Com- 
pany C.  Fifth  Regiment,  who,  with  his  detach- 
ment, had  left  the  post  the  morning  previous  on 
his  return  to  Fort  Ripley,  and  also  to  Major  Gal- 
braith,  who  had  left  at  the  same  time  for  St. 
Peter,  with  about  fifty  recruits,  called  the  "Ren- 
ville Rangers."  en-route  for  Fort  Snelling.  urging 
them  to  retvirn  at  once.  Captain  Marsh  at  one.' 
left  for  the  scene  of  carnage,  with  fortj'-four  men 
on  foot.  After  a  forced  march,  he  arrived  about 
2  o'clock  P.  jr.  at  the  ferry  opposite  the  Agency, 
near  which  place  they  found  nine  dead  bodies. 
They  were  met  here  by  Rev.  Mr.  Hinman,  on  his 
way  to  the  fort,  who  cautioned  Capt.  Marsh  against 
an  ambuscade,  and  warned  him  to  retuni,  as  tlie 
Indians  greatly  outnumbered  his  force.  Captain 
^larsli,  who  was  a  very  brave  but  very  rash  man, 
would  not  listen  to  the  advice,  declaring  that  he 
could  '-whip  all  the  Indians,"  or  something  to 
that  effect.  Arriving  at  the  ferry,  his  men  were 
drawn  up  on  the  bank,  in  plain  sight,  when  three 
or  four  huutlred  Indians  concealed  in  the  thickets 


THE  SIOUX  MASSACRE. 


139 


near  by,  poiired  a  volley  into  them.  Nearly  half 
of  his  men  fell  dead  or  mortally  wounded  at  the 
first  fire,  some  of  them  pierced  with  twenty  bid- 
lets,  while  several  others  were  woimded,  but 
managed  ultimately  to  escape ;  some  (jf  them  not 
reaching  the  fort  for  three  days.  The  survivors 
of  tills  sudden  attack  (Captain  Marsh  being  himself 
uninjured)  fell  back  from  tlie  ferry  towards  the 
fort,  keeping  up  a  running  fight  amidst  the  thick 
timber  on  the  river  bottom,  but  against  terrible 
odds. 

Rushing  up  to  the  fallen  soldiers,  the  savages 
tomahawked  those  still  living,  and  tore  the  scalps 
from  most  of  them,  inflicting  also  nameless  bru- 
talities on  their  corpses.  All  the  fine  Springfield 
muskets  carried  by  the  dead,  and  their  ammuni- 
tion, fell  into  the  hands  of  the  redskins,  and  were 
subsequently  used  by  them,  with  deadly  effect,  at 
the  sieges  of  FortBidgely  and  New  Ulm,  and  tlie 
battle  of  Birch  Coolie.  The  remams  of  the  fallen 
heroes  were  ultimately  interred  at  Fort  Ridgely, 
and  the  legislature,  some  years  subsequently, 
caused  a  fine  monument  to  be  erected  there  in 
honor  of  their  bravery. 

For  some  time  a  hot  battle  raged  in  the  forest, 
Capt.  Marsh  and  his  men  retreating  towards  the 
fort,  contesting  the  ground,  inch  by  inch.  Find- 
ing that  his  men  were  falling  fast,  and  that  the 
enemy  was  gathering  in  force  ahead  of  him,  so  as 
to  cut  him  off,  he  determined  to  cross  the  river, 
so  as  to  gain  the  open  prairie  on  that  side,  and 
reach  the  fort,  if  possible.  lie  had  now  but  thir- 
teen men  left.  At  their  head  he  attempted  to 
■yvade  the  river,  but  was  drowned  while  so  doing. 
His  men  got  over  in  safety,  and  made  their  way 
to  the  fort  about  dark.  Out  of  the  forty-four 
who  had  left  it  that  morning,  twenty-four  were 
dead.  Thus  ended  the  Battle  of  Redwood  Ferry, 
the  first  engagement  of  the  war.  Tlie  Indians,  it 
is  thought,  lost  only  one  or  two  warriors. 

Flushed  ^\ith  this  easy  victory  in  their  first 
encounter  with  our  troops,  the  Indians  now  con- 
sidered that  the  way  was  clear  for  their  bloody 
war  of  extermination.  They  scattered  iii  every 
direction,  carrying  death  and  torture  to  the  homes 
of  all  the  settlers  within  reach.  For  several  days 
the  work  of  carnage  was  a^^•ful.  No  pen  can 
describe  the  horrors  of  that  bloody  week.  So 
sudden  and  unexpected  was  the  outbreak,  and  so 
insidious  and  skulking  the  mode  of  warfare  of 


the  savages,  that  the  inliabitants  were  overtaken  at 
their  various  pursuits  and  butchered  in  cold  blood, 
without  any  chance  of  flight  or  resistance.  Most 
of  them  were  European  immigrants  who  had  re- 
cently settled  on  the  frontier,  and  were  quite  un- 
acquainted with  savage  warfare  and  treachery. 
But  few  of  them  possessed  effective  fire-arms,  or 
weapons  of  any  kind,  uideed,  and  even  if  they 
had  these,  so  sudden  and  stealthy  was  the  onset, 
that  resistance  would  have  been  unavailing.  The 
savages  generally  went  about  on  these  raids  in 
squads  of  eight  or  ten,  well  armed.  In  many 
instances  the  treacherous  devils  would  advance 
boldly  and  with  friendly  demeanor  into  houses 
with  whose  owners  they  were  acquamted,  as  if 
to  ask  for  food,  (as  was  their  custom,  for  the  set- 
tlers had  always  freely  supplied  them) ;  when  all 
at  once  they  would  shoot  down  or  tomahawk 
the  imsuspecthig  inmates,  perhaps  the  very  per- 
sons who  had  many  limes  fed  them  when  hun- 
gry. In  a  few  instances  children,  and  sometimes 
adults,  fled  unobserved  while  this  work  of  death 
was  going  on,  and  escaped  a  like  fate  by  skulking 
in  the  grass  or  bushes,  from  whence  they  were 
often  compelled  to  witness  the  cruel  tortures 
practiced  on  the  other  members  of  their  family, 
or  flee  for  life  with  the  death  shrieks  of  the  suffer- 
ing victims  ringing  in  their  ears.  Some  of  those 
who  escaped  thus,  w^ere  rescued  many  days  sub- 
sequently, after  enduring  incredible  hardships, 
skulking  by  day  around  deserted  houses,  endeav- 
oring to  find  food,  and  wandering  by  night 
tlirough  the  trackless  waste,  towards  the  settle- 
ments. Delicate  women,  carrying  or  leading  ui- 
fant  children,  thus  traveled  scores  of  miles  to 
some  place  of  safety,  sometimes  wounded  and 
sick  and  almost  naked.  Many  perished  from 
hunger,  exposure  or  wounds.  Others  lived,  to 
suffer  for  years  from  their  injuries,  There 
were  literally  hundreds  of  such  incidents  as  the 
above,  and  a  full  narrative  of  these  adventures 
and  escapes  woidd  fill  volumes.  No  record  can 
ever  be  made  of  them,  and  the  fate  of  many  will 
never  be  known  until  the  last  day. 

The  cruel  barbarities  practiced  by  the  savages 
on  their  victims,  was  another  sickening  feature 
of  the  massacre,  and  its  bare  recital  makes  one 
shudder.  All  the  fiendish  cruelties  that  their 
savage  nature  and  pent  up  hatred  of  the  pale 
faces  could  suggest,  they  wreaked  on  their  vie- 


140 


OUTLINES  OF  THE  HISTOBY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


tims,  a  people  who  had  always  been  their  friends 
and  benefactors.  The  wounded  and  dying  were 
scalped  or  tomakawked  out  of  all  semblance  of 
Inimanity.  The  bowels  of  many  were  gashed 
open,  and  their  hands  and  feet,  or  other  members, 
cut  off  and  thrust  into  them.  Children  were 
slashed  with  knives,  eyes  gouged  out,  ears  or 
hands  cut  olf ,  or  skulls  smashed  with  war  clubs. 
Some  of  these  survived  even  such  awful  wounds. 
Babes  were  thrust  living  into  stove  ovens,  and 
there  left,  to  roast  to  death.  Pregnant  women 
were  ripped  open,  and  their  nnl)om  babes  torn 
away,  and  thrown  into  their  face,  or  nailed  to  a 
door  or  tree,  for  their  dying  gaze  to  witness.  But 
few  women,  comparatively,  were  killed  outright. 
Instant  death  would  have  been  a  more  merciful 
fate  than  they  were  resers'ed  for.  Frequently 
delicate  young  maidens  were  tied,  or  held  by  the 
fiends,  and  repeatedly  outraged  by  the  band  of 
captors,  some  actually  dying  in  the  hands  of  their 
tormentors*  or  if  they  survived,  led  into  a  cap- 
tivity of  horrors.  But  let  us  draw  a  veil  over 
these  atrocities. 

After  the  murder  of  the  inmates  of  a  house, 
pillage  was  the  next  step,  and  the  torch  was  then 
generally  applied  to  it,  oftentimes  the  wounded 
victims,  unable  to  escape,  being  burned  to  death. 
Day  after  day  the  columns  of  smoke  rising  here 
and  there  showed  where  the  various  bands  of  de- 
mons were  plying  their  work  of  destruction,  while 
night  after  night  the  sky  along  the  frontier  was 
lurid  with  the  light  of  burning  homes.  Two  or 
three  thousand  dwellings  were  thus  destroyed,  in 
addition  to  three  entire  to^^iis.  Cattle  were  shot 
from  mere  wantonness,  and  others  left  to  starve, 
with  no  one  to  attend  them,  Horses  were  saved 
for  the  use  of  the  marauders,  hundreds  of  them 
being  stolen,  and  in  many  instances  the  savages 
were  observed  riding  to  and  fro  in  fine  buggies 
and  carriages. 

As  the  houses  of  the  settlers  were  generally 
isolated  from  each  other,  the  news  of  the  out- 
break could  not  reach  the  more  remote  and  scat- 
tered, in  season  to  save  them.  Along  the  main 
roads  leading  to  the  settlements,  the  alarm  was 
spread  by  fugitives,  after  atlay  or  two,  and  this 
fact  enaliled  thousands  to  save  their  lives  who 
would  otherwise  have  fallen.  Abandoning  houses, 
crops,  cattle— everything,  hastily  seizing  some 


food  and  clothing,  and  harnessing  their  teams, 
they  fled  towards  New  Ulm,  Fort  Ridgely,  St. 
Pet«r,  Mankato,  Henderson,  and  other  towns 
along  the  river.  Some  even  pressed  on  to  St. 
Paul.  Soon  the  roads  were  literally  crowded 
with  a  panic-stricken  cavalcade,  on  foot,  on 
horseback,  in  all  sorts  of  vehicles,  hurrying  along 
with  blanched  faces  and  nervous  trepidation. 
Many  were  pursued  and  shot  at  (some  killed, 
even)  while  flying,  and  all  had  horrid  stories  to 
relate.  Lieut.  Gov.  Doimelly,  on  Aug.  26,  wrote 
from  St.  Peter:  "  You  can  hardly  conceive  the 
panic  existing  along  the  valley.  In  Belle  Plaine 
I  found  600  people  crowded  in.  In  this  place 
there  are  between  3.000  and  4,000  refugees.  On 
the  road  between  Xew  Ulm  and  ilankato  were 
over  2,000.  Mankato  is  also  crowded.  *  *  * 
Their  property  in  the  mean  time  abandoned  and 
going  to  ruin."  The  condition  of  these  throngs 
of  fugitives,  crowded  into  the  small  towns,  was 
pitiable. 

The  handful  of  men  who  survived  the  massa- 
cre at  Eedowod  Ferry,  and  made  tlieir  way  back 
to  Fort  Kidgely,  found  that  post  already  crowded 
with  panic-stricken  fugitives  from  the  sirr- 
rounding  country.  All  night  these  poor  settlers 
arrived  from  every  direction,  many  of  them 
wounded,  having  left  portions  of  their  families 
murdered,  and  their  homes  in  flames.  In  every 
direction,  all  night  long,  the  sky  was  reddened 
with  the  light  of  burning  houses.  It  was  a  night 
of  terror  and  despondency.  About  ten  o'clock 
on  Tuesday  morning,  the  inmates  were  gladdened 
with  the  return  of  Lieutenant  Sheehan  and  his 
command,  who,  on  being  overtaken  the  evening 
liefore  by  the  messenger  sent  out  to  recall  them, 
had  made  a  forced  march  of  sixteen  hours. 
Lieutenant  Sheehan  at  once  took  command  of 
the  post,  and  in  connection  with  Sergeant  John 
Jones,  of  the  regular  army,  post  ordinance  ser- 
geant, took  effective  measures  to  put  the  fort  in 
a  defensible  condition.  All  the  civilians  who 
were  fit  for  duty,  were  armed,  or  put  on  guard, 
and  even  the  women  were  employed  making  cart- 
ridges, running  bullets,  &c.  No  attack  was  made 
that  day,  however,  although  Indians  were  seen 
watching  the  fort.  [The  warriors  were  busy  at- 
tacking New  T'lm,  as  will  be  seen  a  little  farther 
on.]  About  noon  on  Monday,  the  messengers  and 
guard  in  charge  of  the  $70,000  in  gold,  reached 


THE  SIOUX  MASSACRE. 


141 


Fort  Eidgely,  and  remained  there  during  the 
siege. 

Let  us  now  follow  Mr.  J.  C.  Dickinson,  of 
Lower  Agency,  the  messenger  sent  from  Red- 
wood to  recall  Maj.  Galbraith  from  St.  Peter. 
Maj.  G.,  so  well  satisfied  was  he  with  the  loyal 
promises  of  the  Indians,  had  left  the  agency 
with  some  volunteers  for  Fort  Snelling.  His 
family  were  at  Yellow  Jledicme,  and  escaped 
from  that  place.  He,  with  the  "  Renville  Ran- 
gers,'" Lieut.  O'Gorman,  had  arrived  at  St.  Peter 
Monday  evening,  when  ^h:  Dickinson  reached 
there,  with  the  startling  news.  It  was  at  first 
discredited,  but  he  at  once  made  preparations  to 
return,  with  the  Rangers,  and  a  company  of  vol- 
imteer  citizens.  He  immediately  dispatched  "Wm. 
H.  Shelley,  of  St.  Paul,  who  was  with  him,  with 
a  message  to  Gov.  Ramsey,  asking  military  aid. 
Shelley  rode  at  full  speed  all  night,  and  reached 
St,  Paul,  nearly  one  hundred  miles  distant,  at  10 
o'clock  p.  M.  Tuesday,  spreading  the  news  as  he 
passed  dowli  the  valley.  Gov.  Ramsey  at  once 
took  steps  to  send  troops  to  the  scene  of  blood. 
But  of  this  anon. 

Monday  night  was  spent  by  the  soldiers  and 
citizens  at  St.  Peter  in  organizing  companies, 
searching  for  arms,  making  cartridges,  etc.  Early 
on  Tuesday  morning,  the  bells  were  rung  and  the 
inhabitants  called  together.  Great  excitement 
prevailed,  but  a  company  was  at  once  organized. 
Hon.  Chas.  E.  Eliindrau,  associate  justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  was  elected  captain,  and  "\V.  B. 
Dodd,  first  lieutenant.  Teams,  wagons,  camp 
equipage,  etc.,  were  hastily  collected. 

JSIajor  (ialbraith,  with  the  Renville  Rangers, 
and  others  who  accompanied  them,  armed  as 
well  as  could  be  possible,  left  St.  Peter  at  6  A-  m., 
and  after  a  hard  march,  reached  Fort  Ridgely 
(Forty-five  miles  distant)  the  same  eveiung.  Just 
as  they  arrived  at  the  fort,  a  furious  thunder- 
gust  came  up.  In  the  darkness  and  rain  they 
got  into  the  fort  safely,  although  hundreds  of 
Indians  were  watching  it,  and  must  have  seen 
them  but  for  the  storm.  There  were  now  2-50 
fencible  men  in  the  fort,  and  the  crowd  of  fu- 
gitives hourly  increasing.  These  were  cared  for 
as  well  as  possible,  the  hospital  being-  full  of 
wounded. 

Meantime  a  company  of  sixteen  horsemen  left 
St.  Peter  (Tuesday)  for  the  aid  of  New  Ulm, 


which  was  reported  by  fugitives  to  he  in  great 
danger.  At  one  o'clock  the  same  day,  Hon.  Chas. 
E.  Flandrau  left  for  the  same  place  with  100 
well  armed  men,  on  foot.  Let  us  uow  give  some 
accoimt  of  the 

SIEGE  OF  NEW  ULM. 

This  town  was  on  the  south  bank  of  the  ilinne- 
sota  River,  thirty  miles,  by  land,  from  St.  Peter, 
and  eighteen  miles  below  Fort  Ridgely.  It  con- 
tained about  ]..")00  mhabitants,  mostly  Germans. 
On  Monday  mornhig,  Aug.  ISth,  a  party  of  citizens 
left  New  Ulm  to  recruit  for  volunteers.  When 
some  seven  or  eight  miles  west  of  new  Ulm,  they 
found  several  dead  bodies  lying  in  the  road.  Con- 
vinced that  the  Indians  had  risen,  they  retraced 
then-  steps,  but  on  their  way  back  were  fired  on, 
and  several  of  the  party  killed.  The  rest  fled  to 
town  and  gave  the  alarm.  At  the  same  time, 
fugitives  came  in  from  other  directions,  near  the 
town,  all  telling  horrid  tales  of  butchery.  This 
created  a  great  panic  in  the  town,  and  many  fled 
to  St.  Peter.  All  that  day  and  night,  and  next 
day,  fugitives  contuiued  pouring  into  the  place. 
The  leadmg  men  of  the  town  at  once  took  steps 
to  organize  for  defence.  Arms  were  collected, 
barricades  erected,  sentinels  posted,  and  every- 
thmg  done  which  could  be,  to  repel  an  attack. 
These  precautions  were  taken  none  too  soon. 
About  four  o'clock  on  Tuesday,  a  party  of  mount- 
ed Indians  appeared  on  the  prairie  above  the 
town,  and  dismounting,  advanced  on  the  place. 
The  few  men  who  had  arms,  at  once  attacked 
them,  but  most  of  the  people  gathered  into  the 
houses  in  the  center  of  the  toiMi,  panic  stricken. 
Fortunately,  soon  after  the  attack  commenced, 
the  fifteen  horsemen  from  St.  Peter  arrived,  and 
at  once  began  a  vigorous  defence.  The  savages 
burned  several  buildings  on  the  west  edge  of  th 
town,  and  kept  up  a  hot  fire  on  the  people  with- 
in the  barricade.  The  St.  Peter  cavalry  soon 
made  such  a  brave  advance  on  the  Indians,  that 
they  were  compelled  to  retire,  about  dark,  sev- 
eral having  been  killed.  During  the  engagement, 
the  whites  lost  several,  killed  and  wounded,  also. 
About  nine  o'clock,  in  the  midst  of  a  furious 
thunder-storm.  Judge  Flandrau,  with  over  one 
hundred  men,  reached  the  town,  and  were 
warmly  welcomed.  Vigorous  efforts  to  organize 
for  defence  were  at  once  made.    Judge  Flau- 


Ii2 


Ol'TLIXES  OF  THE  IIJsTOEY  OF  MISXESOTA. 


drau  was  r-lioseii  commauder-in-cliief .  Capt.  Dodd. 
provost  niarslial.  i^c.  Small  leiuforcements  con- 
tinued to  ani\e  from  ^lankato  and  other  points, 
and  liy  Tlmisday.  325  armed  men  were  gnarding 
the  town.  Wednesday  passed  without  any 
alarms,  and  scouting  parties  were  sent  out  in  va- 
rious directions  to  bury  the  dead,  of  which  a 
number  were  foiuid.  Let  us  now  glance  at  the 
condition  of  things 

AT  FOKT  KIDGEI,T. 

About  three  o'clock  on  AVednesday,  the  20th, 
the  first  attack  was  made  on  this  post,  probably 
by  the  sjime  force  who  had  been  at  New  Ulm  the 
evening  previous.  It  is  thought  five  himdred 
Indians  were  engaged  ui  it.  CouceaUug  them- 
selves in  the  wooded  ravines  near  the  post,  the 
savages  suddenly  advanced  on  it  with  horrid  yells 
and  a  volley  of  balls.  The  suddenness  of  the  on- 
set almost  threw  the  garrison  off  their  guard,  and 
two  of  the  soldiers  were  killed  at  the  first  fire. 
The  men  speedily  rallied,  however,  and  fought 
bravely.  Sergeant  Jones  \\as cpiickly  at  his  gims, 
two  (i-poimdere  and  one  24-pounder,  but  on  at- 
tempting to  fire,  they  wotdd  not  go  off.  On 
drawing  the  charges,  he  found  them  stuffed  with 
rags!  Some  treacherous  half-breeds  had  done 
this  dastardly  act,  and  then  deserted  to  the 
enemy.  Assisted  by  a  citizen,  J.  C.  AVhipple, 
who  had  served  in  the  Mexican  war,  and  Sergt. 
McGrew.  of  Company  t".  he  soon  poured  several 
romids  of  cannister  and  shell  into  the  thickets, 
amongst  the  foe,  killing  and  wounding  a  number. 
The  savages  then  succeeded  in  crawling  up  be- 
hmd  some  old  outbialdings  and  hay-stacks,  from 
which  they  poured  fixrious  voUeys  into  the  fort. 
Sergt.  Jones  soon  set  these  on  fire  with  shells, 
and  drove  the  savages  off.  At  dusk  the  light  of 
this  fire,  and  the  noise  of  the  artillery,  impressed 
the  people  at  New  Ulm  and  other  places  in  the 
vicinity  with  the  belief  that  the  fort  had  fallen. 
But  when  night  closed  down,  the  savages  with- 
drew. The  garrison  remained  on  arms  aU  night. 
One  great  danger  was  the  dryness  of  the  roofs' 
V  Inch  could  have  been  ignited  with  '•  fire-ar- 
rows."" A  close  watch  was  kept,  and  Providence 
favored  the  beleagured  force,  for  late  at  night  a 
heavy  rain-storm  commenced  falling,  and  contin- 
ued imtil  next  day.  entirely  averting  this  danger. 
The  large  stables  of  the  fort,  about  thirty  rods 


tlistant.  were  perfectly  filled  with  government 
mules,  and  horses  brought  in  by  the  fugitives. 
These  the  Indians  succeeded  in  getting  out  and 
stampeding. 

The  ne.xt  morning  (Thui-sday)  the  attack  was 
renewed  aVwut  9  o'clock,  and  lasted  hotly  for  an 
hour,  when  the  savages  retreated,  but  again  at- 
tacked the  fort  about  6  p.  ai..  when  another  en- 
gagement took  place,  and  lasted  about  an  hour. 
But  their  efforts  to  capture  the  fort  were  useless. 
They  found  it  too  well  defended.  It  could  have 
been  taken  liy  charging  into  it.  but  this  Indians 
are  afraid  to  do.  ileantime  the  garrLson  was  be- 
coniuig  worn  out  with  loss  of  sleep  atid  continual 
labor  and  fightuig.  Xearly  five  hundred  refugees 
were  crowded  into  its  small  buildings,  where 
they  were  compelled  to  he  on  the  floor  to  avoid 
the  bullets  of  the  foe,  which  swept  Uke  a  hail- 
storm through  the  windows.  To  add  to  the  trou- 
ble, many  were  becoming  sick,  and  the  stores 
both  of  ammunition  and  provisions,  and  even 
water,  were  rimnuig  low. 

That  night,  as  subsequent  evidence  revealed. 
Little  Crow  and  his  forces  returned  to  the  Lower 
Agency,  where  he  found  the  upper  Indians,  whom 
he  had  sent  for.  arrived.  This  increased  his 
force  to  4.j0  warriors.  Large  numbers  were  also 
marauding  among  the  settlements,  as  far  east  as 
Forest  City  and  as  far  south  as  Lake  Shetek. 
Confident  that  with  this  large  force  he  could  take 
both  Fort  Eidgely  and  Xew  Uhn,  he  now  moved 
on  tlie  former  post. 

During  the  night,  however,  the  garrison  had 
strengthened  its  weak  pomts  with  great  skill  and 
success.  Earthworks  had  l)eeu  thro^\Ti  up.  bar- 
ricades erected,  out  of  cordwood,  sacks  of  grain, 
etc..  and  other  defenses  pro^^ded.  while  the  can- 
non were  statitmed  so  as  to  conmiand  the  most 
exposed  points,  and  the  riflemen  posted  where 
they  could  do  the  greatest  execution.  About 
noon  the  Indians  appeared  m  greater  numbers 
than  on  either  previous  attack,  and  commenced 
an  assault  so  determined  and  furious,  it  seemed 
as  if  they  were  confident  that  this  time  the  post 
must  fall.  But  as  they  advanced,  yelling  like  de- 
mons, the  gumiers  sent  a  storm  of  grape  and  can- 
nister amongst  them,  while  the  riflemen  poured 
volley  after  volley  into  them,  and  the  savages  re- 
treated from  this  hot  f;re.  They  .soon  rallied  and 
took  possession  of  the  stables  and  otlif  r  outbuild- 


THE  SIOUX  MASSACRE. 


143 


ings  near  the  fort,  and  kept  up  a  terrible  fire  from 
tliem.  A  perfect  storm  of  balls  poured  into  the 
frame  buildings  in  the  fort,  sometimes  passing 
clear  through  them.  Several  soldiers  were  hit, 
and  some  civilians  (one  being  killed),  though  all 
the  non-combatants  kept  well  concealed.  E  inally 
Sergt.  Jones  was  compelled  to  fire  the  outbuild- 
ings with  shells,  and  drive  the  savages  out. 
Soon  the  flames  and  black  smoke  rolled  up,  and, 
with  the  yells  of  the  Indians,  the  rattle  of  small 
arms,  and  the  thunder  of  the  cannon,  made  an 
exciting  scene.  For  five  hours  the  battle  raged 
hotly.  Little  Crow  was  heard  repeatedly  order- 
ing his  warriors  to  charge  into  the  fort,  and  sev- 
eral times  they  gathered  for  that  purpose  and 
started,  but  Sergt.  -Jones  would  send  a  storm  of 
shell  or  camiister  among  them,  and  drive  them 
back.  It  is  thought  numbers  of  them  were  Mlled 
in  this  attack. 

About  dark  their  lire  ceased,  and  the  night  was 
passed  in  quiet,  but  there  were  few  slept  around 
the  post  except  the  non-combatants.  All  the  men 
were  under  arms  all  night,  being  five  nights  of 
weary  vigil  and  sleeplessness.  The  garrison  were 
well  nigh  worn  out,  and  expected  another  day  of 
iiard  fighting.  The  sun  rose,  but  no  signs  of  In- 
dians. Work  was  contmued  on  the  fortifications, 
which  were  greatly  strengthened.  While  thus 
engaged,  a  large  body  of  mounted  Indians  (said 
by  Louis  Robert,  who  counted  them,  to  number 
nearly  1,000)  were  seen  coming  down  from  the 
Lower  Agency  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river. 
Tliey  did  not,  however,  cross  to  the  Fort  Ridgely 
side,  but  kept  on  towards  New  Ulm.  It  now 
became  evident  that  the  latter  place  was  their 
objective  point,  and  the  garrison  breathed  freer. 
Still,  they  knew  not  what  a  day  might  bring 
forth,  and  kept  up  their  working  and  watching. 
Let  us  now  return  to 

NEW  ULM, 

and  see  how  that  beleagured  town  fared.  After 
the  battle  of  Tuesday,  befoie  described,  no  at^ 
tack  had  been  made  on  the  town,  though  small 
parties  of  Indians,  doubtless  scouts,  were  once 
or  twice  seen  near  the  place.  This  interval  of 
quiet  was  spent  in  erecting  barricades,  and  other 
works  of  defence,  and  in  taking  such  steps  as 
seemed  necessary,  in  case  of  another  attack. 
About  ten  o'clock  A.  Ji.  on  Saturday,  the  23d, 


the  Indians  (movuited)  appeared  in  great  force  on 
the  prairie  above  town,  and  our  forces  were  at 
once  posted  on  the  open  ground  in  tliat  direction. 
The  Indians  first  approached  slowly,  but  when 
about  a  mile  from  our  line,  increased  their  speed, 
and  gradually  sprea<l  out  their  front,  like  a  tan, 
until  it  covered  our  whole  line.  On  they  came  at 
full  speed,  yelling  like  demons.  When  about 
double  rifle-shot  oif,  Col.  Flandrau's  men,  uiex- 
perienced  in  such  warfare,  fell  back  on  the  town, 
the  Indians  firing  on  them.  The  whites  com- 
mitted the  error  of  passmg  the  outermost  build- 
ings, and  not  occup\  ing  them,  an  error  the  sav- 
ages soon  took  advantage  of,  as  they  at  once  took 
possession  of  them,  and  opened  a  furious  fire  on 
our  men.  By  the  exertions  of  Col.  Flandrau, 
the  latter  soon  rallied,  and  commenced  a  vigorous 
fire  from  every  protected  spot,  each  doing  duty 
as  best  he  could,  '-on  his  own  hook."  They  soon 
recovered  their  coolness,  and  fought  bravely. 
Tiie  enemy,  from  their  great  niunbers,  were  able 
to  surround  the  town,  and  soon  poured  into  it  a 
fire  from  every  direction.  The  battle  became  fu- 
rious and  general. 

The  Indians  also  succeeded  in  getting  possess- 
ion of  the  houses  on  the  bluff,  which  gave  them  a 
great  advantage,  commanding,  as  it  did,  the  inte- 
rior of  the  town  below,  but  ab(  lut  twenty  men  of  the 
Le  Sueur  company  had  occupied  the  windmill,  a 
high  building  in  that  loealily,  and  kept  up  such  a 
hot  fire,  the  Indians  could  do  but  little  e.xeoition  on 
that  side.  They  took  possession  of  the  lower  end 
of  the  city,  however,  and,  the  wind  beuig  from 
that  direction,  fired  the  houses  one  by  one,  ad- 
vancing thus  towards  the  center  of  the  city,  con- 
cealing themselves  behind  the  smoke.  The 
greatest  danger  seemed  now  to  be  from  this  di- 
rection, and  a  strong  force  of  the  best  marksmen 
was  sent  to  resist  the  advance.  They  fought 
bravely,  and  checked  the  enemy  considerably. 
The  battle  here  was  very  hot  for  several  hours. 
About  three  o'clock  the  enemy  concentrated  a 
force  on  the  river  side,  as  if  preparing  for  a  gi"and 
assault.  A  detachment  was  sent  to  meet  it.  The 
Indians  came  on  at  full  speed,  but  our  men  stood 
firm,  and  sent  such  volleys  among  them,  that  they 
broke  and  retreated,  losing  several.  Two  of  our 
best  marksmen,  however,  fell  at  the  same  time. 

The  battle  raged  furiously  and  without  mter- 
missiou  untU  dark.      Many    of  our  men  were 


144 


OUTLIXES  OF  THE  HISTORY  OF  MIXSESOTA. 


wounded,  several  killed.  All  Lad  fought  nobly, 
some  performing  feats  of  great  daring.  The  en- 
emy had  left  ten  dead  on  the  field,  besides  many 
killed  and  wounded  carried  off,  and  had  gained, 
so  far,  no  great  advantage;  but  if  the  attack  con- 
tinued much  longer,  the  worst  result  was  feared. 
Xight  closed  on  the  weary  defenders,  full  of 
doubt  and  anxiety. 

A  consultation  was  now  held  among  the  leading 
men  and  those  in  command,  as  to  the  •■  situation." 
One  thing  that  seemed  necessary,  was  to  contract 
the  lines  of  defence  toward  the  center  of  the  to-mi 
so  that  a  less  number  could  more  readily  defend 
any  point.  To  do  this  it  was  voted  that  all  build- 
ings, except  a  few  in  the  center  of  the  town,  must 
be  burned.  To  this  the  inhabitants  consented, 
and  themselves  applied  the  torch  to  about  forty 
buildings.  One  brick  house  was  left,  and  loop- 
holed  for  defence.  Including  those  burned  by  the 
savages.  190  houses  in  all  were  now  in  aslies. 
Only  about  twenty-five  were  still  standing.  A 
range  of  rifle-pits  were  now  dug-  in  front  of  the 
barricade,  and  all  the  defences  strengthened. 

AVlien  morning  da\^-ned  (Sunday.  August  :24th), 
the  savages  feebly  renewed  their  attack,  but  they 
soon  saw  they  were  foiled.  In  order  to  get  near 
enough  to  the  barricade  or  buildings  to  do  any 
execution,  they  must  pass  over  an  open  space  right 
in  the  face  of  the  defenders  rifles,  where  there 
was  not  even  a  bunch  of  grass  to  skulk  behind. 
They  kept  up  a  fire  at  long  range  for  three  or  four 
hours,  but  as  il  made  no  impression  they  ceased 
the  attack  about  noon,  and  left  ii  the  direction  of 
Lower  Agency  They  were  seen  from  Fort  Ridge- 
ly  tha  afternoon,  passing  up  the  river  with  a  long 
train  of  wagons,  probably  loaded  with  their  plun- 
der, and  many  horses  and  cattle  stolen  from  the 
settlers.  Xeither  Fort  Ridgely  nor  Xew  Ulm 
were  agahi  attacked.  The  brave  resistance  of  the 
whites  had  balked  the  red  demons  at  both  places. 
Had  either  of  those  posts  fallen,  hundreds  of 
women  and  children,  and  even  of  the  armed  men, 
would  have  been  massacred.  But  few  would 
have  escaped,  and  there  is  no  doubt  but  that  the 
victorious  savages  would  have  pressed  on  and 
taken  both  St.  Peter  and  Maukato. 


In  the  attack  on  New  Ulm,  ten  whites  were 
killed  and  about  fifty  wounded.  The  few  build- 
ings left  standing  in  the  place,  were  almost  filled 
with  the  dead  and  wounded,  and  with  sick  people ; 
for  disease  had  by  this  time  commenced  to  do  its 
work.  The  provisions  were  nearly  exhausted, 
and  it  seemed  impossible  to  hold  the  place  any 
longer.  There  were  no  houses  adequate  to  shel- 
ter the  two  thousand  people  now  crowded  within 
the  fortifications.  Hundreds  had  been  for  several 
days  huddled  in  cellars  and  other  misuitable  pla- 
ces. On  Smiday  afternoon,  one  hundred  and 
fifty  more  volmiteers  from  St.  Peter  and  vicmity, 
arrived,  in  command  of  E.  St.  Julien  Cox,  well 
armed  and  equipped.  A  coimcil  of  war  was  held, 
and  it  was  resolved  to  evacuate  the  town.  Ac- 
cordingly, on  Monday,  August  2oth,  every  inhab- 
itant, some  two  thousand  in  number,  with  a  train 
of  one  hundred  and  fifty-three  wagons  bearing 
the  sick,  wounded  and  feeble,  commenced  the 
mardi  to  Maukato.  "  It  was  a  melancholy  spec- 
tacle (says  Colonel  Flandrau,  in  his  report)  to  see 
two  thousand  people,  wlio  a  week  before  had  been 
prosperous  and  happy,  reduced  to  utter  beggary, 
starting  on  a  journey  of  thirty  miles  through  a 
hostile  comitry."  The  vohmteer  troops  guarded 
the  train  through  safely 

One  week  had  now  elapsed  since  the  cruel  mas- 
sacre began.  It  was  a  '■  week  of  blood."  Over 
seven  hundred  persons  had  been  murdered  i  many 
think  the  number  exceeds  one  thousand);  two 
hundred  had  been  tiiken  captive ;  nearly  two 
thousand  houses  burned:  thousands  of  horses 
and  cattle  stolen,  and  a  fertile  region  some  two 
hundred  miles  long  and  one  hundred  \\ide.  laid 
waste  and  depopulated.  Eighteen  coimties  were 
ravaged,  thirty  thousand  people  (one-tenth  of  the 
population  of  the  State)  homeless,  tlieir  crops  and 
property  going  to  ruin.  Claims  were  subsequently 
filed  by  nearly  three  thousand  persons,  who  lost 
property  valued  at  $2,500,000.  But  this  does  not 
represent  the  total  loss  to  our  State,  while  no  sum 
can  represent  tlie  sorrow  and  suffering  caused  by 
the  massacre. 


DEFEAT  AND  PUNISHMENT  OF  THE  HOSTILE  INDIANS. 


145 


CIIAPTEE  XXVII. 


DEFEAT  AND  PUNISHMENT  OF  THE   HOSTILE    INDIANS. 


Military  Measures  to  Defend  the  Frontier. — Want  of  any  Organized  Force— H,  H- 
Sildey  Appointed  to  Command  an  Expedition. — Great  Lack  of  Anns  and  Am- 
munition.— Volunteers  Hurry  to  the  Rescue  in  Large  Force, — Col.  Sibley  (Jath* 
ers  a  Column  at  St.  Peter — And  Relieves  Fort  Ridgely. — Great  Want  of  Amuui' 
nition,  Transportation,  and  Supplies — Danger  of  a  Chippewa  Outbreak. — Ac- 
count of  Indian  Raids  in  Kandiyohi.  Meeker,  and  other  Counties. — Eiege  of 
Hutchinson. — Siege  of  Fort  Abercroinbie. — A  Mounted  Force  Provided  — The 
Battle  of  Birch  Coolie. — Relief  Measures  for  the  Refugees.  — The  State  Apro- 
priates  $25,00)1, — Ciil.  Sibley  Opens  Negotiations  for  the  Release  of  Prisoners. — 
Tlicy  Prove  Successful. — Extra  Session  of  the  Legislature. — Battle  of  Wood 
Lake. — The  Savages  Defeated, — Release  of  the  Captives,— Arrest  and  Trial  .of 
the  Guilty  Murderers. --Three  hundre.l  and  Three  Convicted  and  Sentenced  to 
be  Hung."-Close  of  the  Indian  AVar.---Departure  of  more  Regiments  for  the 
War.— Hard  Fighting  by  our  Troops  in  the  South.— Execution  ol  Thirty-eight 
Indian  Murderers  at  Mankato. 

While  these  exciting  events  were  occurrin.s; 
along  the  frontier,  the  State  authorities  had  been 
acting  with  great  energy  antl  promptness  in  or- 
ganizing and  equipping  a  military  force  to  pro- 
ceed against  the  savages.  The  suddenness  of  the 
outbreak  found  them  totally  iniprepared  for  any 
such  emergency.  The  Sixth  Kegiment  was  in 
barracks  at  Fort  Snelling,  nearly  full  and  par- 
tially organized,  but  its  field  officers  had  not  yet 
been  appointed,  nor  had  the  men  received  their 
arms.  The  Seventh,  Eighth,  Ninth  and  Tenth 
Eegiments  were  also  partially  recruited  but  not 
mustered  in.  Skeleton  companies  were  at  Fort 
SneMuig,  but  none  had  been  organized,  and 
the  men  were  undisciplined.  Large  numbers 
had  been  let  off  on  furlough,  to  complete 
harvesting  their  crops.  All  the  arms  due  the 
State  had  been  drawn  and  issued  to  the  old  regi- 
ments. The  general  government  was  so  hard 
pushed  that  even  blankets  and  tents  could  not  be 
furnished  to  the  aew  troops. 

Immediately  on  receiving  the  news.  Governor 
Kamsey  appointed  Hon.  H.  II.  Sibley,  of  Men- 
dota,  to  the  command  of  such  forces  at  Fort 
Snelling  as  the  commandant  there.  Colonel  B.  F. 
Smith,  could  organize  on  the  instant.  Colonel 
Sibley  was  admirably  (nullified  for  such  a  respon- 
sible duty.  His  lon.g  and  intimate  acquaintance 
with  the  Indian  character  and  habits,  and  espe- 
cially with  the  bands  now  in  rebellion,  together 

with  his  knowledge  of  military  matters,  and  his 
10 


familiarity  with  the  topography  of  the  country, 
enabled  him  to  either  meet  the  savages  in  the  field 
successfully,  or  to  treat  with  them  to  advantage. 

Four  companies  of  troops,  aljout  three  hundred 
in  all,  armed  with  Belgian  rifies  and  lit.OOO  cart- 
ridges, were  furnished  to  him ;  and  they  at  once 
started  on  a  small  steamer  for  Shakopee,  arriving 
there  on  the  20th.  From  thence  they  marched  to 
St.  Peter.  On  the  21st,  the  six  remaining  compa- 
nies of  the  Sixth  Regiment  were  filled  by  consol- 
idation and  transfers,  and  sent  forward  as  rapidly 
as  iiossible.  On  the  21st,  Governor  Kamsey  is- 
sued a  proclamation,  reciting  the  news  of  the  out- 
break, and  calling  on  such  citizens  as  had  horses 
and  arms,  to  start  at  once  and  join  tlie  expedition 
moving  up  the  river.  Considerable  numbers  did 
so.  Companies  of  horsemen  were  formed  in  St. 
Paul,  and  several  other  places,  and  rode  forward 
night  and  day.  Small  companies  of  infantry  also 
organized  in  various  towns  in  the  central  and  east- 
ern portion  of  the  State,  and  made  forced  marches 
to  the  relief  of  the  frontier.  By  the  end  of  the 
first  "  week  of  blood  "  (a  very  short  period,  con- 
sidering how  unprepared  the  State  was  for  such 
a  war)  several  thousand  armed  men  were  pressing 
forward  on  different  routes  to  meet  and  drive 
back  the  .savages.  These  companies  were  mostly 
distributed  at  stockades  and  garrisoned  tovms 
along  the  frontier,  where  they  remained  for  sev- 
eral weeks,  until  the  worst  danger  was  over.  On 
September  9tli,  Governor  Ramsey's  message  re- 
ports, there  were  twenty-two  militia  companies, 
with  2800  men  under  arms,  and  volunteer  troops 
enough  to  make  .a-'jOO  men  in  all. 

On  Friday,  the  22d,  Col.  Sibley  arrived  at  St.- 
Peter,  and  remained  there  some  three  days,  get- 
ting his  troops  in  haml  and  properly  armed.  The. 
latter  was  a  work  of  difilculty.  Most  of  the  Sixth 
Regiment  were  armed  witli  Belgian  ritles,  many  of 
them  almost  worthless,  and  none  of  them  very 
reliable.    But  a  small  part  of  the  cartridges  fur- 


146 


OUTLINES  OF  THE  HISTOBY  OF  MINJ^ESOTA. 


nished  were  of  the  right  caUbre,  and  much  time 
was  lost  "  swedging "'  bullets.  Gov.  Ramsey  had. 
on  the  20th.  telegraphed  to  the  governor  of  Wis- 
consin to  •■borrow"  100.000  cartridges.  They 
were  promptly  sent,  and  reached  Col.  Sibley  at 
Fort  Eidgely.  Provisions  had  to  be  collected, 
and  transportation  secm-ed.  Meantime  the  peo- 
ple of  the  State  were  nervous  with  anxiety,  and 
blamed  the  commander  and  State  authorities  for 
not  throwing  his  half-armed  and  unorganized 
troops  at  once  on  the  several  hundred  well  armed 
and  desperate  savages  at  Xew  I'lm  or  Fort 
Eidgely.  Had  this  been  done,  a  ■■  Custer  massa- 
cre "■  would  have  resulted,  and  another  rout  and 
panic  ensued,  many  fold  worse  than  that  of  the 
week  previous. 

By  the  24th.  nine  companies  of  the  sixth  reg- 
iment (of  which  AVm.  Crooks  had  just  been  ap- 
pointed colonel)  were  concentrated  at  St.  Peter. 
There  were  also  some  three  hundred  mounted 
men,  and  several  companies  of  militia  infantry. 
On  the  morning  of  August  26th,  Col.  Sibley,  with 
his  entire  force,  about  1400  men,  commenced  the 
march  to  Fort  Eidgely.  Col.  ilcPhaill.  with  one 
hundred  and  eighty  mounted  men,  was  sent  on 
in  advance.  These  arrived  at  the  Fort  at  daxk, 
to  the  great  joy  of  its  beleaguered  inmates.  The 
mam  force  arrived  on  August  28th.  Xo  Indians 
were  encountered  on  the  way.  The  e.xpedition 
was  halted  at  this  post  for  several  days,  imtil  nec- 
essarj-  reinforcements  and  ammunition  (which  he 
called  for  from  the  executive)  should  arrive,  and 
enable  him  to  pursue  and  successfully  act  against 
the  Indians,  who  had  retreated  some  distance 
up  the  river.where  it  was  reported  they  had  a 
number  of  prisoners. 

On  August  25th,  Col.  B.  F.  Smith  was  ordered 
to  organize  a  force  of  1000  men,  out  of  detach- 
ments of  the  seventh,  eighth,  ninth,  and  tenth 
regiments,  at  Fort  Snelling,  and  dispatch  said 
force  at  once  to  join  Col.  Sibley.  This  force  was 
put  imder  command  of  Lt.  Col.  "\Vm.  R.  ^Marshall, 
of  the  seventh  regiment,  and  moved  forward  as 
soon  as  it  could  be  properly  equipped,  reaching 
the  expedition  on  September  1st. 

The  difficulty  of  securing  transportation  for 
these  expeditious,  was  a  serious  dra'wback  to  ce- 
lerity of  movements.  Finally,  a  general  order 
was  issued  by  the  adjutant  general  authorizmg 
the  commanding  officers  of  detactuuents  in  act- 


ual service ,  to  seize  and  impress  citizens  teams 
whenever  needed.  This  was  done,  and  enough 
transportation  secured  in  that  way,  resulting  in 
many  cases  of  individual  hardship,  but  this  is 
one  of  the  inexorable  "necessities  of  war."' 
Another  great  need  which  bothered  the  state  au- 
thorities, was  the  scarcity  of  serviceable  arms. 
Good  rifles  were  few.  Many  of  the  troops 
were  very  poorly  armed,  and  even  of  these  inferi- 
or gims.  enough  could  not  be  had.  The  general 
governmeiit  was  telegraphed  to.  but  could  supply 
none,  in  season  to  do  any  good.  The  authcri- 
ties  then  seized  aU  the  gun-shops  in  the  states 
and  confiscated  their  serviceable  rifles  and  mus- 
kets, and  ammunition.  All  the  powder  and  lead 
in  the  hands  of  dealers  everywhere  was  seized, 
}ielding  3.17.5  pormds  of  powder  and  1.200  pounds 
of  lead.  Even  this  was  msufflcient.  A  lead 
pipe,  some  3.000  feet  long,  which  had  been  laid 
in  one  of  the  streets  en.  St.  Paul,  but  was  just  then 
imused.  was  dug  up  and  melted  into  bullets.  A 
force  of  young  women  were  working  day  and 
night  makuig  cartridges.  Finally,  however,  aU 
the  troops  were  wel  suppUed  and  equipped,  and 
no  further  trouble  was  felt.  It  must  be  remem- 
bered that  there  were  then  no  railroads  in  the 
state  (except  one  ten-mile  section  between  St. 
Paul  and  Minneapolis.)  and  no  telegraph  but 
one  from  St.  Paul  to  La  Crosse.  All  military 
messages  and  dispatches  to  the  frontier,  had  to 
be  sent  by  special  couriers. 

D.VNGER  OF  A  CHIPPEWA  WAR. 

Meantime,  a  new  danger  threatened  the  people 
of  the  state.  In  addition  to  the  powerful  Sioux 
nation,  there  were  in  Minnesota  the  Winnebagoes, 
with  400  warriore,  and  in  the  northern  half  of  the 
state,  the  Chippewas,  wlit  could  muster  2.500  or 
3.000  warriors.  There  were  good  grounds  for  be- 
lieving that  these  tribes  had  been  in  consultation 
with  the  Sioux,  and  that  11  the  latter  were  suc- 
cessful they  would  also  rise  Ii  has'been  proved 
that  several  AVinnebagoes  participated  in  the 
earlier  murders  near  the  Upper  and  Lower  Agen- 
cies, while  on  the  same  ddy  as  the  outbreak  at 
Eedwood.  the  Chippewas  commenced  plundering 
their  agency  at  Crow  Whig  on  the  Upper  Miss- 
issippi, and  assembling  armed  warriors.  They 
acted  very  tiu-bulent  and  defiant,  and  an  out- 
break between  them  and  the  whites  was  immi- 


DEFEAT  AND  PUNISHMENT  OF  THE  HOSTILE  INDIANS. 


147 


ment.  Indeed,  on  one  occasion,  shots  were  act- 
ually exchanged.  The  possibility  of  an  outbreak 
by  them  so  weighed  on  the  mind  of  Maj.  L.  C. 
Walker,  their  agent,  that  he  committed  suicide 
near  Monticello,  on  Aug.  23d.  Companies  of 
cavalry  were  authorized  by  the  state  authorities 
to  protect  the  country  north  of  St.  Paul,  and  per- 
formed patrol  duty  for  some  days.  Had  the 
Chippewas  risen  also,  nearly  the  whole  state 
would  have  been  laid  waste.  Even  the  cities  of  St. 
Paul,  Miimeapolis,  etc.,  would  have  been  captured, 
as  there  were  not  arms  in  those  places  enough  to 
have  defended  them.  A  company  of  Home 
Guards  was  organized  in  St.  Paul  as  a  precau- 
tionary measure.  For  some  days  the  situation 
was  very  critical,  and  full  of  danger.  Finally, 
Hon.  Wm.  P.  Dole,  the  Commissioner  of  Indian 
Affairs,  Hon.  H.  M.  Rice,  Major  E.  A.  C.  Hatch, 
Clark  W.  Thompson,  and  otlier  men  who  had 
influence  with  the  Ojibways,  calmed  them  down, 
and  averted  what  might  have  proved  an  awful 
disaster. 

THE    WAR    IN    MEEKER,     KANBIYOHI      AND 
STEARNS    COUNTIES. 

The  coimties  along  the  Minnesota  River  were 
not  the  only  ones  ravaged  by  the  red  devils  during 
that  week  of  blood.  McLeod,  Monongalia,  Kandi- 
yohi, Steams,  Meeker,  Otter  Tail,  Douglas,  Sib- 
ley, etc.,  were  all  ovemm  in  whole  or  in  part,  and 
the  inhabitants  either  butchered  or  driven  away. 
The  first  blood  of  the  outbreak  had  been  shed  at 
Acton,  Meeker  county.  A  messenger  was  sent  post 
haste  by  the  citizens  there  to  inform  Gov.  Ramsey. 
He  arrived  at  the  capitol  just  at  the  same  time 
that  the  courier  from  St.  Peter  bore  the  news 
from  Redwood.  The  Governor  issued  to  Capt. 
Geo.  C.  Whitcomb,  of  Forest  City,  seventy-five 
guns  and  a  small  amount  of  ammunition,  to  en- 
able them  to  make  a  stand.  Capt.  W.  returned 
with  these  at  once,  via  Hutchinson,  where  he  left 
some  of  the  guns.  On  arriving  at  Forest  City 
he  found  the  whole  region  in  a  state  of  panic,  the 
inhaljitants  fleeing,  and  the  Indians  killing  and 
ravaging  the  country.  A  company  was  at  once 
organized  and  armed,  and  marched  over  into 
Monongalia  county  (since  apart  of  Kandiyohi), 
where  they  found  the  bodies  of  a  number  of  slain, 
and  also  of  hundreds  of  cattle  killed  in  mere  wan- 
tonness.   They  also  rescued  several  persons  who 


had  been  wounded  and  were  hiding.  The  militia, 
aided  by  citizens  at  Forest  City,  at  once  began 
erecting  a  large  stockade  for  defence,  in  the  cen- 
ter of  town,  in  whi(^h  the  inhabitants  and  refugees 
could  take  shelter.  Hearing  that  a  family  at 
Green  Lake  were  in  great  danger,  Capt.  Whit- 
comb went  to  their  relief.  Near  that  spot  his 
men  had  a  hard  skirmish  with  the  Indians,  in 
wliic  ii  three  of  the  redskins  were  left  dead  on  the 
ground,  and  only  one  of  his  own  men  shghtly 
wounded.  He  returned  to  the  stockade  that 
night,  but  next  day,  with  a  larger  party,  again 
attempted  to  reach  Green  Lake.  The  Indians 
again  attacked  him,  and  after  a  sharp  battle  he 
returned  without  loss  to  Forest  City.  That  night 
the  savages  made  a  fierce  attack  on  the  town, 
burned  several  buildings,  and  fired  on  the  stock- 
ade, but  fortunately  hurting  no  one.  The  troops 
returned  the  fire.  About  daylight  the  Indians 
were  seen  trying  to  drive  off  a  number  of  horses 
and  cattle  in  a  corral.  The  troops  salUed  out  and 
drove  them  off,  kUlrng  two,  and  having  two  of 
their  own  number  badly  wounded.  By  this  time 
Meeker  county  west  of  Forest  City,  and  all  of 
Kandiyohi  and  Monongalia  counties,  were  entirely 
deserted  by  the  whites. 

On  August  26th,  Captain  Richard  Strout  of  the 
Tenth  Regiment,  was  ordered  to  proceed  to  Glen- 
coe  and  the  region  adjacent,  to  protect  it.  He 
reached  that  place  about  September  1st,  and 
found  the  town  had  been  well  fortified  and  de- 
fended by  the  militia  mider  command  of  General 
John  H.  Stevens,  of  the  state  militia,  and  was 
safe  from  any  immediate  danger.  He  therefore 
marched,  with  about  seventy-five  men,  towards 
Acton.  On  the  morning  of  September  3d,  he  was 
attacked  near  that  place  by  about  one  hundred 
and  fifty  Indians,  and  a  sharp  battle  ensued. 
The  troops  were  driven  back  towards  Ilutchinsun, 
fighting  all  the  way,  until  afternoon,  when  they 
reached  that  place.  Captain  Strout  lost  three 
men  killed  and  fifteen  wounded,  all  of  whom  were 
brought  off  the  field,  and  lost  most  of  their  equi- 
page, rations,  &c.,  and  several  horses  and  wagons 
abandoned  and  mired.  The  Indians  must  have 
lost  several  killed. 

At  Hutchinson,  a  large  stockade  had  been  built, 
and  a  companj-  of  about  sixty  militia  commanded 
by  Captam  Harrington,  were  defending  the  town. 
About  nine  the  next  morning,  September  4th,  the 


148 


OUTLINES  OF  THE  HISTOBY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


Indians  attacked  the  post.  They  bnrned  all  the 
houses  on  the  edge  of  the  town  and  one  or  two 
more  centrally  located.  Our  troops  sallied  out 
and  routed  them,  however,  and  a  succession  of 
skinnishes  ensued,  -which  lasted  all  day. 

Meantime,  General  Stevens  had  heard  of  the 
engagement  near  Acton,  and  at  once  sent  the 
companies  of  Captain  Davis  and  Lieutenant 
Weinmann  to  the  relief  of  Hutchinson.  Tliey 
arrived  about  six  o'clock  on  the  evening  of  the 
fight,  but  the  Indians  had  withdrawn.  Several 
persons  in  the  neighborhood  were  killed  by  them. 
and  others  escaped  into  the  stockade.  iVll  the 
signs  indicated  that  the  Indians  had  retreated 
towards  the  upper  Minnesota,  taking  a  large 
drove  of  stolen  horses  and  cattle  with  them.  The 
Indians  were  not  seen  agaui  in  this  vicinity  until 
September  2.3d.  when  a  band  of  about  fifty  inva- 
ded Meeker  and  Kandiyohi  counties.  They  killed 
two  or  three  settlers  who  had  returned  to  their 
farms,  but  seemed  more  intent  on  stealing  cattle 
than  on  killing  whiles.  They  were  pursued  by 
the  troops,  and  sixty-five  head  of  cattle  rescued 
from  them. 

Wright  county  does  not  seem  to  have  been  in- 
vaded l)y  the  Indians.  Fortifications  were  erect- 
ed by  the  inhabitants  at  various  points,  but  no 
depredations  were  made  in  that  locality,  so  far  as 
known. 

"Western  and  southern  Stearns  county,  how- 
ever, suffered  severely  from  the  depredations  of 
the  red  foe.  About  August  23d,  they  committed 
murders  and  other  crimes  near  Paynesville.  The 
people  of  that  town  erected  a  strong  stockade, 
and  the  citizens  and  refugees  from  pomts  further 
west,  sheltered  themselves  therein.  A  part  of 
the  town  was  burned,  but  no  attack  was  made  on 
the  post.  At  Maine  I'rairie,  St.  Joseph's,  Sauk 
Centre,  Clear  Water,  Little  Falls,  and  other  pla- 
ces, similar  stockades  were  built,  and  held  by  a 
few  determined  citizens.  At  St.  Cloud,  which 
was  filled  with  refugees,  strong  fortifications  were 
built,  and  preparations  made  to  defend  the  place 
to  the  utmost,  but  no  foe  ever  appeared,  fortu- 
nately. A  number  of  persons  were  murdered  in 
the  western  and  southern  part  of  Steams  coimty, 
and  houses  burned. 

The  southwestern  portion  of  the  State  was  also 
oveiTiin,  and  a  nimiber  of  murders  committed. 
This  district  was  soon  after  placed  in  command 


of  Colonel  Flandrau,  and  aboiit  five  hundred 
militia  garrisoned  at  different  points,  who  soon 
rid  the  country  of  Indians. 

The  Third  Regiment,  which  had  been  paroled, 
after  its  surrender,  at  Murfreesboro,  was  now  at 
Benton  Barracks,  Mo.  Gov.  Ramsey  telegraphed 
on  Aug.  22d  to  have  them  sent  to  this  state  at 
once,  for  service  against  the  Indians.  The  re- 
quest was  complied  with.  The  regiment  received 
its  exchange  on  Aug.24th,  and  they  arrived  in 
St.  Paul  on  Sept.  4th.  All  their  officers  were 
still  prisoners  in  the  hands  of  tb.e  rebels,  and  the 
companies  were  commanded  liy  non-commissioned 
officers.  Maj.  Welch,  who  was  not  with  the  regi- 
ment at  its  surrender,  (having  been  taken  pris- 
oner at  Bull  Run)  was  in  command  of  the  regi- 
ment. Three  hundred  men  were  at  once  sent  to 
the  frontier,  where  they  did  good  service,  being 
the  only  veteran  troops  engaged  during  the  war. 

On  Aug.  23d,  Gov.  Ramsey,  in  response  to 
many  petitions,  called  an  extra  session  of  the 
legislature,  to  meet  on  Sept.  9th. 

SUEGE  OF   FORT   ABERCEOMBIE. 

On  Aug.  23d  the  Indians  commenced  hostili- 
ties in  the  valley  of  the  Red  River.  Fort  Aber- 
crombie  was  then  garrisoned  by  Co.  I).,  Fifth 
Regiment,  Capt.  -J.  Van  der  Ilorck,  but  about 
half  the  company  was  stationed  at  Georgetown, 
protecting  the  Transportation  Company's  goods 
at  that  place.  Early  on  the  23d  a  band  of  500 
Sissetons  and  Yanktons  crossed  the  Otter  Tail 
River,  with  the  intention  of  capturing  a  train  of 
goods  and  cattle  en  route  for  Red  Lake,  where  a 
treaty  was  to  be  made  with  the  Chippewas.  The 
train  was  at  once  ordered  to  take  refuge  in  Fort 
Abercrombie,  and  did  so.  Most  of  the  citizens 
m  the  siuTounding  region  also  repaired  to  that 
post,  for  safety,  but  many  were  killed,  or  taken 
prisoners.    The  town  of  Dayton  was  destroyed. 

Reinforcements  were  ordered  to  Fort  Aber- 
crombie as  soon  as  its  danger  was  learned,  but 
the  troops  sent  out  were  detained  en  route,  to 
protect  and  aid  threatened  places  in  Stearns  and 
Sleeker  Comities,  and  did  not  reach  the  fort. 
^Meantime  it  was  in  great  danger,  and  ^^•as  quite 
surrounded  by  the  enemy.  Skirmishes  near  by 
had  taken  place  between  detaclinients  of  the 
troops  and  the  Indians.  On  Aug.  SOtli  the  latter 
appeared  in  large  numbers  before  the  fort.    A 


DEFEAT  AND  PUNISHMENT  OF  THE  HOSTILE  INDIANS. 


149 


large  herd  of  the  treaty  cattle  (172  head)  and 
about  100  horses  and  mules  were  grazing  on  the 
prairie  near  by.  The  Indians  drove  these  off. 
and  the  small  garrison  could  make  no  resistance. 
On  Sept.  3d,  at  daybreak,  the  Indians  attacked 
the  post.  A  fight  was  kept  up  for  two  or  tliree 
hours,  but  they  were  repulsed,  with  some  loss  on 
both  sides.  Active  measures  were  then  taken 
to  strengthen  the  post  by  a  stockade  of  timber. 
On  Sept.  6th,  a  second  attack  was  made,  and  a 
sharp  battle  raged  until  nearly  noon.  A  number 
of  the  Indians  were  killed  and  wounded,  but  only 
one  of  our  force  was  killed,  and  one  mortally 
wounded.  The  Indians  hung  around  the  fort, 
occasionally  attacking  a  messenger,  or  a  water- 
ing party,  until  Sept.  23d,  when  reinforcements 
arrived  via  St.  Cloud  to  the  gi'eat  joy  of  the  be- 
leaguered garrison,  who  had  now  been  besieged 
over  three  weeks.  No  farther  demonstrations,  of 
any  force,  were  made  by  the  Indians.  But  for 
the  brave  resistance  made  by  a  mere  handful  of 
soldiers,  aided  by  a  few  citizens,  the  post  must 
have  fallen. 

A  EEGIMENT  OF  MOUNTED  BANGERS  RAISED. 

The  want  of  a  mounted  force  to  pursue  the  In- 
dians was  severely  felt  by  Col.  Sibley.  His  small 
number  of  irregular  mounted  militiamen  were 
leaving  for  their  homes.  He  several  times  urged 
Gov.  Ramsey  to  provide  cavalry,  and  that  oflicial 
in  turn  asked  of  the  War  Department  the  proper 
authority.  Tliis  was  granted  on  Sept.  1st,  and 
a  regiment  of  mounted  rangers  at  once  called  for, 
for  three  months  service,  which  was  subsequently 
changed  to  one  year.  The  regiment  was  soon 
recruited,  and  Col.  S.  McPhaiU  appointed  colonel. 

BATTLE  OF  BIRCn  COOLIE. 

While  waiting  at  Fort  Kidgely  for  proper  sup- 
plies and  equipments,  and  before  undertaking 
any  offensive  campaign  against  the  Indians,  Col. 
Sibley  sent  out,  on  August  31st,  a  detachment  to 
bury  dead  bodies,  rescue  any  fugitives  tliat  might 
be  found,  and  make  reconnoissance*  This  de- 
tachment consisted  of  part  of  Co.  A,  sixth  regi- 
ment, Capt.  II.  P.  Grant,  about  seventy  mounted 
men  luider  Capt.  Jos.  Anderson,  and  a  fatigue 
party — about  one  hundred  and  fifty  men  in  all, 
accompanied  by  seventeen  teams.  Tlie  whole 
force  was  In  command  of  Maj.  Joseph  U.  Ihown, 
who  was  perfectly  familiar  with  the  country  and 


with  Indian  warfare.  On  the  first  day's  march 
sixteen  dead  bodies  were  found  and  buried.  The 
next  day  (Sept.  1)  the  force  separated  into  two 
detachments.  During  this  day  fifty-five  mutil- 
ated bodies  were  buried.  In  the  evening  the 
whole  force  went  into  camp  at  Birch  Coolie  (or 
Coulee)  in  a  spot  selected  by  Maj.  Brown.  No 
Indians  had  been  seen  that  day. 

Just  before  daybreak  on  the  2d,  the  camp  was 
aroused  by  a  volley  of  firearms  and  the  yells  of 
Indians,  who  had  crawled  unperceived  witlun  a 
few  yards  of  the  encampment.  For  a  few  min- 
nutes  terrific  volleys  were  poured  into  tlie  tents, 
cutting  them  into  shreds  and  wounding  or  killing 
a  number  of  men  and  horses.  As  soon  as  they 
could  seize  their  arms,  those  who  were  inihurt 
crawled  out,  and  sheltering  themselves  as  well  as 
they  could  behind  wagons,  dead  horses,  etc.,  re- 
turned the  fire.  Shortly  after  daylight  the  men 
began  excavating,  willi  such  implements  as  they 
coidd  get,  a  line  of  rifle-pits,  and  in  a  short  time 
had  about  two  hinidred  feet  dug. 

The  firing  in  the  still  of  the  morning  was  heard 
by  the  sentinels  at  Fort  Ridgely,  fifteen  miles. 
a^\■ay,  and  a  detachment  of  troops  uuder  Colonel 
McPhaill,  at  once  pushed  off  to  their  relief. 
When  within  three  miles  of  Birch  Coolie,  they 
were  met  by  such  a  large  force  of  Indians  they 
could  not  advance,  and  sent  a  courier  back  for 
reinforcements.  ^Meantime,  the  troops  of  ^lajor 
Brown's  command  lay  all  day  in  their  rille  pits, 
keeping  the  savages  at  bay.  The  wounded  were 
cared  for  as  well  as  possible,  but  some  died  du- 
ring the  day. 

As  soon  as  McPhaill's  courier  reached  Fort 
Ridgely,  a  large  force,  with  some  artillery,  was 
sent  to  the  relief  of  his  and  Brown's  troops. 
They  came  up  about  daylight,  and  the  whole  col- 
umn then  pushed  on  to  Birch  Coolie,  dislodging 
and  driving  the  Indians  from  their  position,  after 
keeping  our  men  under  fire  for  thirty  hours,  with- 
out food  or  drink. 

The  camp  was  an  awful  scene,  when  relieved. 
Twenty-three  men  had  been  killed  outright  or 
mortally  wounded,  forty-five  badly  wounded,  and 
seventy  horses  killed.  The  dead  were  buried  on 
tlie  spot,  and  the  woundeil  carried  back  to  Fort 
Ridgely  in  wagons.  Thus  terminated  the  most 
bloody  battle  of  the  war,  and  one  which  spread 
gloom  over  the  State.    It  is  not  creditalile  to 


150 


OUTLINES  OF  THE  HISTORY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


Minnesota  that  this  battle  ground  should  have 
been  allowed  to  pass  into  private  hands,  and  be 
plowed  over.  It  should  have  been  reserved  by  the 
State  as  a  historic  spot,  and  marked  with  a  suit- 
able monument.  All  the  bodies,  however,  were 
subsequently  removed,  and  properly  interred  else- 
where. 

KELLEF  MEASURES  FOR  THE   REFUGEES. 

The  condition  of  the  poor  refugees  from  the 
ravaged  districts,  was  deplorable  in  the  extreme. 
In  St  Peter  alone,  there  were  in  September,  as 
many  as  0.000  or  7,000  for  some  days,  and  at  one 
time  8,000.  In  St.  Paul  there  were  1.000,  and  at 
Minneapolis  an  equal  number,  and  all  the  towns 
had  more  or  less.  They  were  aU  destitute  of 
money,  clothing,  employment,  &c.,  and  many 
were  sick,  while  not  a  few  were  actually  insane 
from  trouble  and  grief.  The  active  exertions  of 
citizens  of  St.  Peter  alone  prevented  great  suffer- 
ing there,  but  thek  means  were  soon  exhausted. 
They  then  appealed  through  the  papers  for  aid, 
and  Governor  Ramsey  appointed  commissioners 
to  receive  and  disburse  supplies.  About  S-0,000 
in  money  was  contributed,  half  of  which  came 
from  eastern  cities,  while  large  quantities  of  cloth- 
ing were  collected  by  local  reUef  committees,  in 
St.  Paid  and  other  places.  The  Legislature, 
when  it  met,  voted  825,000  more.  These  amounts 
relieved  the  worst  cases  of  need.  In  October, 
most  of  those  whose  homes  had  not  been  des- 
troyed returned  to  them,  and  the  number  of  des- 
titute rapidly  decreased.  Several  hundred,  how- 
ever, were  supported  aU  winter.  Fortunately, 
laborers  had  now  become  scarce,  and  wages  en- 
hanced, so  that  aU  could  get  employment.  The 
building  of  railroads  went  along  unchecked  in 
the  midst  of  aU  the  panic.  The  "Winona  and  St. 
Peter  Iladroad  completed  about  ten  miles  of  road 
this  fall. 

NEGOTIATIONS     FOR    RELEASE    OF    THE     PRIS- 
ONERS. 

Before  lea\ing  the  battle-field  of  Birch  Coolie, 
Col.  Sibley  left  the  following  note  attached  to  a 
stake: 

'•  If  Little  Crow  has  any  proposition  to  maKe  to 
me,  let  him  send  a  half-breed  to  me,  and  he  shall 
be  protected  in  and  out  of  camp. 

'•H.  IT.  SIBLEY, 
"  Col.  Com'g  Mil.  Exped'n." 


Col.  Sibley  had  reason  to  believe  that  their  re- 
peated defeats  had  discouraged  the  foe,  and  ne- 
gotiations could  be  made  with  the  disaffected 
Indians,  and  those  tired  of  fighting,  for  the  re- 
lease of  the  prisoners.  This  note  bore  good  fruit 
very  soon. 

It  was  now  cedent  that  all  the  marauding 
bands  from  the  interior  had  been  called  in.  and 
that  the  Indians  would  oppose  the  column  on  its 
march  with  all  their  combined  forces. 

Col.  Sibley  ordered  the  Third  regiment,  then 
at  Glencoe,  to  join  his  command,  and  it  reached 
Fort  Ridgely  on  Sept.  13th. 

Meantime  Col.  Sibley "s  note  had  been  sliown 
Little  Crow  on  his  return  from  the  raid  on  the 
Big  "Woods  settlers,  and  A.  J.  Campbell,  a  half- 
breed  who  acted  as  his  secretary,  read  it  to  him. 
Crow  at  once  dictated  a  reply,  blammg  Galbraith 
and  the  traders  for  wTonging  them,  and  enumer- 
ating some  grievances  which  caused  the  war. 
He  requested  an  answer.  This  note  reached  Col. 
Sibley  at  Fort  Eidgely  on  Sept.  7th.  Col.  S.  at 
once  replied  demanding  that  Little  Crow  should 
release  the  prisoners,  and  he  would  then  treat 
\^ith  him.  On  Sept.  12th  a  reply  was  received 
from  Crow,  saying  that  the  Mdewakantons  had 
150  prisoners,  and  other  bands  some  more.  He 
said:  '"I  want  to  know  from  you,  as  a  friend, 
what  way  I  can  make  peace  for  my  people."  Col. 
Sililey  at  once  replied,  urging  Crow  to  give  up  the 
prisoners,  and  complaining  that  he  had  allowed 
his  young  men  to  kill  nine  more  whites  since  he 
sent  the  first  letter.  The  same  cornier  who 
brought  Little  Crow's  letter  also  brought  one  pri- 
vately from  the  chief  AVabasha.  and  Taopi,  a 
Christian  Indian.  They  asserted  that  they  were 
forced  into  the  war,  and  were  now  anxious  to 
make  peace,  and  if  a  chance  offered  they  woidd 
come  in  and  give  themselves  up,  with  all  their 
prisoners.  Col.  Sibley  repUed  to  this  message 
urging  them  to  do  so.  and  promising  them  pro- 
tection, adding  that  he  was  now  strong  enough 
to  crush  all  the  Indians  who  held  out. 

■When  this  letter  was  received  by  AVabasha  and 
his  friends  who  wished  to  separate  from  the  other 
Indians,  a  great  disjiut*  arose  among  all  the 
bands.  Indeed,  disaffection  and  jealousy  had 
been  brewing  ever  since  the  outbreak.  The  pris- 
oners were  in  great  peril  and  might  have  been 
murdered.    But  at  last  all  worked  out  well,  and 


DEFEAT  AND  PUNISHMENT  OF  THE  HOSTILE  INDIANS. 


161 


the  friendly  and  repentant  Indians  carried  the 
day. 

The  War  Department  had  meantime  created 
Minnesota  and  Dalcota  into  a  military  depart- 
ment, and  appointed  Gen.  John  Pope  to  the  com- 
mand. He  reached  St.  Paul  on  Sept.  12th,  and 
established  his  headquarters  there.    The 

EXTRA  SESSION  OF  THE  LEGISLATURE, 

called  by  the  Governor,  met  on  September  9th, 
and  adjourned  on  September  29th.  The  legisla- 
fon  was  mostly  in  regard  to  matters  growing  out 
of  the  Ind'an  war.  A  Board  of  Auditors  was 
created  to  adjust  claims  growing  out  of  the  mas- 
sacre, and  $75,000  was  appropriated  to  settle 
them.  Congi'ess  was  memorialized  to  reimburse 
the  State  for  this  outlay.  A  Board  of  Commis- 
sioners was  authorized  to  collect  names  of  slain, 
and  the  facts  of  their  death,  &c.  [This  was  never 
done.]  The  sum  of  $25,000  was  voted  for  the 
relief  of  indigent  refugees.  Congress  was  also 
memorialized  for  the  removal  of  the  Winneba- 
goes  from  the  State. 

THE  NEW  REGIBIENTS, 

(the  6th,  7th,  8th,  9th,  and  10th)  which  had  been 
hurried  off  to  the  frontier,  half  organized,  were, 
by  this  time,  completely  organized  and  mustered 
in.  The  Colonels  were  appointed  as  follows : 
Sixth,  Wm.  Crooks;  Seventh,  Stephen  Miller; 
Eighth,  Minor  T.  Thomas ;  Ninth,  Alex.  Wilkin ; 
Tenth,  James  H.  Baker. 

BATTLE  OF  WOOD  LAKE. 

Col.  Sibley,  after  the  arrival  of  the  Third  Regi- 
ment and  the  supplies  and  ammunition  he  had 
needed,  broke  camp,  on  Sept.  18th,  and  started  in 
pursuit  of  the  Indians  at  or  near  Yellow  Medi- 
cine. On  the  morning  of  Sept.  23d,  while  en- 
camped near  Wood  Lake,  the  Indians  suddenly 
attacked  the  force.  The  Eenville  Rangers  were 
thrown  out,  and  met  the  enemy  bravely.  Maj. 
Welch  soon  had  the  Third  Regiment  in  line,  and 
they  poured  steady  volleys  into  the  advancing  line 
of  Indians,  as  did  also  the  Sixth  Regiment,  under 
Maj.  McLaren.  The  fight  then  became  general. 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Marshall  charged  the  enemy 
with  three  companies  of  the  Seventh  and  A 
of  the  Sixth,  and  put  them  to  rout.  The  bat- 
tle had  lasted  an  hour  and  a  half.  Our  loss  was 
four  killed  and  tifty  wounded;  among  the  latter, 


Maj.  Welch.  The  Indians  lost  quite  a  nimaber— 
thirty,  it  is  said — fifteen  being  found  dead  on  the 
field.  After  burying  the  dead,  Col.  Sibley  marched 
toward  Lac  qui  Parle,  near  which  place  Wabasha 
had  notified  him  he  would  meet  him  and  deliver 
up  the  prisoners. 

RELEASE  OF  THE  CAPTIVES. 

On  September  26th  the  column  arrived  at  the 
camp  where  the  friendly  Indians  had  the  prison- 
ers, and  made  their  own  near  by.  It  was  oppo- 
site the  mouth  of  the  Chippewa  River,  and  was 
named  by  our  men  "Camp  Release."  Col.  Sibley 
without  delay  visited  the  Indians  and  demanded 
the  captives.  They  were  at  once  produced, 
nearly  two  hundred  and  fifty  in  number.  Many 
wept  with  joy  at  their  release  ;  others  had  grown 
almost  indifferent.  These  poor  people — mostly 
women  and  children — were  sent  as  soon  as  possi- 
ble to  their  friends,  if  the  latter  were  still  living. 

The  Indians  who  had  given  themselves  up  were 
at  once  placed  under  guard  until  they  could  be 
examined  as  to  their  guilt.  During  the  next  few 
days  a  number  came  in  and  gave  themselves  up, 
and  some  smaller  parties  were  captured  soon 
after  by  our  troops  under  Lt.  Col.  Marshall,  so 
that  soon  our  force  had  over  2,000  Indian  war- 
riors in  their  hands.  Col.  Sibley  at  once  organized 
a  military  commission,  composed  of  Col.  Crooks, 
Lt.  Col.  Marshall,  and  Capt.  Grant,  with  I.  V. 
D.  Heard  as  judge  advocate,  to  examine  all  evi- 
dence against  the  Indians,  and  indicate  the  guilty 
ones.  Another  commission  of  five  officers  was 
appointed  to  try  the  accused. 

These  commissions  continued  at  work  until 
November  5th,  by  which  time  they  had  foiuul 
three  hundred  and  twenty-one  Indians  guilty  of 
murder,  ravishing,  and  other  crimes,  and  sen- 
tenced three  hundred  and  three  to  death.  These 
were  at  once  removed  to  South  Bend,  there  to 
await  the  orders  of  the  president.  The  other 
Indians  and  their  familis  were  taken  to  Fort 
Snelling  and  confined  all  winter  in  a  stockade. 

CLOSE   OF  THE   INDIAN   WAR. 

Meantime  Little  Crow  and  the  still  hostile  In- 
dians had  retreated  into  Dakota,  and  before  win- 
ter reached  Devil's  Lake,  where  they  remained 
until  the  next  season.  As  the  war  in  this  State 
was  now  practically  over,  most  of  the  settlers 
whose  homes  had  not  been  destroyed  returned  to 


152 


OVTLIXES  OF  THE  HISTORY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


them.  The  Third  Minnesota  regiment,  and  the 
Twenty-fifth  AVis.  and  Twenty-seventh  Iowa, 
were  sent  south  before  winter,  but  the  Sixtli, 
Seventli,  Eighth,  Xhith,  and  Tenth  Minn.,  with 
the  Mounted  Rangers,  were  retained  for  liome 
service,  and  were  stationed  in  detachments  in  a 
cordon  of  posts  reaching  from  the  south  line  of 
tlie  State  across  the  frontier  to  St.  Cloud.  The 
country  between  the  garrisons  was  carefully 
scouted  and  jiatrolled,  so  that  no  hostile  Indians 
could  pass  the  Ime.  On  November  2.5th,  Gen. 
Pope  removed  his  headquarters  to  jNIilwaukee,  and 
Ihig.  Gen.  Sibley  (for  such  he  was  made  after 
the  battle  of  Wood  Lake)  remained  in  command 
at  St.  Paul.  The  winter  passed  without  any 
hostiUties. 

OUR   KEGIJIENTS   IX  THE   SOUTII 

had  not  been-  idle  meantime.  On  Sept.  4th  the 
Fifth  Regiment  was  in  the  battle  at  Corinth,  and 
under  fire  some  time.  One  account  says:  "  Tlie 
ground  in  front  of  us  was  covered  with  killed  and 
wounded  rebels."  The  Fifth  suffered  a  loss  of 
six  killed,  eighteen  wounded  and  three  missing. 
The  Fourth  Regiment  was  also  in  the  same  fight, 
and  lost,  during  two  days"  fighting,  three  killed 
and  nine  wounded.  The  Fourth  Regiment  was 
also  hotly  engaged  at  the  battle  of  luka,  on  Sept. 
19th.  It  lost  three  killed,  four  wounded,  two 
missing. 

At  Corinth,  Oct.  3d  and  4th,  the  Fourth  also 
bore  an  active  .share,  losing  three  killed  and  five 
wounded.  ''  The  regiment  bore  itself  most  gal- 
lantly,"' says  an  otEcial  report.  In  the  same  en- 
gagements the  Fifth  Minuescta  also  shared,  ex- 
pending about  fifty  rounds  of  ammunition,  with 
which  they  made  deadly  work  among  the  enemy, 
losing  six  killed,  sixteen  wounded,  and  four  miss- 
ing.   The  First  Battery  were  also  in  this  en- 


gagement, and  did  good  work,  having  only  one 
man  wounded. 

THE  FIRST  REGIMENT 

also  bore  its  share  during  this  period.  At  the 
Battle  of  Antietam,  on  Sept.  ITth,  it  was  closely 
engaged,  and  left  ninety  men  dead  or  mor- 
tally wounded  on  the  field.  Their  bodies  now 
rest  in  the  national  cemetery  there. 

The  First  also  participated  in  the  battle  of 
Fredericksburg, on  December  11th,  12th,  13th  and 
14th,  during  which  it  lost  nine  wounded  and  one 
missmg. 

EXECUTION   OF  THE   INDIAN  SnTRDERERS. 

The  three  Innidred  and  tliree  Indian  murderers 
were  kept  at  South  Bend  a  short  time  and  then 
removed  to  Mankato,  where  they  wei-e  confined 
in  a  stone  warehouse  strongly  guarded.  !Mean- 
time,  some  (so  called)  "  philanthropists,"' princi- 
pally Quakers,  at  Plnladelphia  and  other  eastern 
cities,  interfered  in  the  matter,  and  got  up  a 
strong  pressure  on  President  Lincoln  to  pardon 
the  guilty  wretches.  This  was  resisted  by  the 
prominent  men  and  ofiBcials  of  Minnesota,  the 
people  of  the  State  almost  unanimously  demand- 
ing their  execution,  and  threatening,  if  it  were 
not  done,  to  apply  lynch  law  to  them.  President 
Lincoln  selected  thirty -nine  of  the  murderers, 
and  (on  December  0th)  ordered  General  Sibley  to 
execute  them.  This  was  carried  into  etfect  on 
December  20th,  at  Mankato,  (one,  meantime, 
dying  of  disease).  Thirty-eiglit  of  the  savages 
were  swung  off  of  one  scaffold,  in  the  presence  of 
a  large  concourse  of  people.  The  rest  of  the  mur- 
derere  were  imprisoned  luitil  spring,  then  taken 
to  Davenport,  Iowa,  where  they  were  confined  a 
few  months,  after  which  they  were  removed  to  a 
reservation  on  the  ^Missouri  river,  and  set  at 
libertv. 


CLOSE  OF  THE  INDIAN  WAR  AND  HIE  WAIi  OF  SECESSION. 


153 


CHAPTER  xxyiii. 


CLOSE  OF  THE   INDIAN  "VVAll   AND  THE  "WAR  OF   SECESSION. 


Events  of  the  Year  1863.— Scat  ferine  Raids  on  the  Frontier.— A  Scalp  Bounty 
Offored. — Removal  of  the  Sioux  and  Winnebagoes. — Gen,  Sibley's  Expedition 
of  1S63.— Brave  Conduct  ofthc  Third,  Fourth  and  Fifth  RoKrJinents.— The  First 
at  Gettysburg. — Death  of  Little  Crow. — Gen,  Sibley's  Column  Attacked  by  the 
Sioux. — Remarkable  Drought  in  1803-64. — Thiee  More  Rcginients  sent  South. 
— Return  of  the  First  Regiment. — Gen.  Sibley's  Expedition  in  1864. — Heavy 
Drafts  for  Men. — Inflation  and  High  Prices. — Battles  in  which  Minnesota 
Troops  Took  Part. — Union  Victories. — Close  of  the  War. — Return  of  our 
Troops. ---The  State's  Share  in  the  Conflict.— A  new  Era  of  Material  Prosperity 
Begun. 

The  winter  of  1862-'63  was  spent  by  Gen.  Sib- 
ley in  making  preparations  for  an  expedition  to 
the  Missouri  River,  to  pursue  and  punish  tlie 
hostile  Sioux.  A  third  battery  of  liglit  artillery 
was  recruited  for  this  purpose,  and  Jolm  Jones, 
the  gallant  defender  of  Eort  Ridgely,  appointed 
captain.  At  the  session  of  the  legislature,  Gov. 
Eamsey  was  elected  U.  S.  Senator,  but  did  not 
vacate  the  gubernatorial  chair  until  June  30th. 

Early  in  the  spring,  small  parties  of  Sioux  be- 
gan to  make  predatory  inciu'sions  into  the  state, 
and  these  raids  continued  all  summer.  Some 
twenty  persons  were  killed,  in  all,  and  a  num- 
ber of  horses  stolen.  The  Indians  were  pur- 
sued by  troops  in  every  case,  and  a  number  of 
them  killed.  A  reward  of  $2.5  was  offered  by 
the  Adjutant  General  for  Sioux  scalps,  and 
afterwards  raised  to  $200. 

In  May,  the  Sioux  were  removed  from  the 
state,  together  with  the  Wiinicbagoes,  and  sent 
to  a  new  reservation  on  tlie  Missouri  River. 
Efforts  were  made  to  get  rid  of  the  Chippewas, 
but  were  not  successful. 

Gen.  Sibley  in  May  concentrated  three  thous- 
and troops  at  Camp  Pope,  on  the  upper  Minnesota 
River,  for  liis  expedition.  Tliese  were:  llie  Sixth, 
Seventh,  and  Tenth  Infantry,  Capt.  Jones'  Bat- 
tery, and  the  Mounted  Rangers.  On  June  17th, 
the  e::pedition  started  on  its  march.  (Jen.  Ste- 
.phen  Miller  was  meantime  in  command  of  the 
department  here.  Gen.  Alfred  Svdly  was  at  the 
same  time  moving  up  the  Missouri  River  with 
another  expedition. 

On  June  22d,  the  War  Department  authorized 


the  formation  of  a  tliree  years  battalion  of  six 
companies  of  cavalry,  for  service  against  the  In- 
dians, to  be  commanded  by  Major  E.  A.  C.  Hatch. 
This  was  soon  recruited,  and  in  active  duty  at 
the  various  posts  in  this  department. 

OTJK  REGIMENTS   IN  THE  SOtTTH. 

The  summer  of  1863  was  one  of  hard  service 
and  brilliant  renown  to  our  regiments  in  the 
South.  On  May  3d,  the  Fourth  Regiment  was  in 
hot  action  in  tbe  battle  at  the  crossing  of  Big 
Black  river,  with  a  loss  of  tliree  killed.  One  of 
its  officers  planted  the  Union  Hag  on  the  Capitol 
at  Jackson.  At  Champion  Hills  (May  16th)  it 
lost  one  killed.  On  May  22d,  at  Vicksburg,  it 
again  suffered  severely,  losing  twelve  killed  and 
forty-two  wounded.  The  Third  Regiment  was 
also  in  the  same  campaign.  On  May  19th,  the 
Fifth  Regiment  near  Vicksburg,  lost  one  killed 
and  Ave  wounded. 

The  severest  loss  of  any  of  our  regiments  in 
the  war,  however,  was  that  suffered  by  the  First 
Regiment  at  Gettysburg,  on  July  3d.  It  took 
part  in  the  hottest  of  that  memorable  action,  and 
made  a  movement  in  the  face  of  an  awful  fire 
from  the  rebels.  In  a  few  minntes  it  lost  sixty- 
eight  killed,  149  wounded,  90  missing,  and  when 
it  emerged  from  the  baptism  of  fire,  had  only  87 
men  in  its  ranks.  The  news  of  this  terrible  car- 
nage was  received  with  profound  sympathy  by 
the  people  of  the  State,  mingled  with  thankful- 
ness, however,  for  the  great  victoi-y  won  there, 
and  at  Vicksburg,  on  the  same  day. 

DEATH   OF   LITTLE   CROW. 

During  June,  a  band  of  seventeen  Indians 
gieatiy  annoyed  the  settlers  in  Meeker  and  Kandi- 
yohi counties,  killing  several.  On  July  3d,  a  man 
named  Nathan  Lampson,  and  liis  son  Chauncy, 
were  himting  near  Hutchinson,  when  they  espied 
two  Sioux.  A  tiglit  ensued,  in  which  Mr.  Lamp- 
son  was  badly  womided,  when  his  son,  by  a  fortu- 


154 


OUTLINES  OF  THE  HISTOBT  OF  MINNESOTA. 


iiate  shot,  killed  one  of  the  Indians.  T)ie  dead  body 
of  the  latter  was  taken  to  llntthinsou.  From  its 
appearance,  and  certain  marks,  it  was  supposed 
to  be  Little  Crow.  It  was  scalped,  and  the  re- 
mains buried.  Not  long  after,  an  Indian  was 
captured  in  Dakota,  which  proved  to  be  Wo-iri- 
na-2}e.  Little  Crow's  son.  He  confessed  that  the 
Indian  killed  by  Lampson  was  his  father,  and 
that  he  was  witli  him  at  the  time.  The  remains 
of  the  celebrated  chieftain,  whose  name  for 
months  was  a  terror  to  our  people,  were  then 
exhumed,  and  the  skeleton  preserved.  The  scalp 
and  arm  bones  are  in  the  museum  of  the  Histori- 
cal Society,  at  St.  Paul. 

Gen.  Sil)ley"s  expedition  reached  the  Coteau  of 
the  Missouri  on  July  i:4,  and  on  that  day,  at  a 
place  called  "Big  Mound,"  was  attacked  by 
about  one  thousand  Indians.  A  sharp  engage- 
ment ensued,  in  ■which  twenty-one  Indians  were 
killed,  and  only  two  of  our  troops.  On  July  20, 
at "  Dead  Buffalo  Lake,"'  the  Sioux  again  attacked 
his  column,  but  were  repulsed,  with  a  loss  on  our 
side  of  one  man.  On  July  2S,  at  "  Stony  Lake," 
about  two  thousand  Indians  again  gave  battle, 
but  were  routed,  with  considerable  loss.  The 
expedition  pursued  the  savages  to  the  ilissouri 
river,  across  which  they  escaped.  It  returned  to 
the  state  about  Sept.  1st.  Gen.  Sully's  column 
had  several  engagements  with  the  Indians,  chas- 
tising them  severely. 

The  simimer  of  1S63  was  memorable  for  an  in- 
tense drouth,  which  contiiuied  until  the  close  of 
1864.  During  these  two  seasons  almost  no  rain 
fell,  yet  the  harvests  were  good.  The  worst  re- 
sult was  on  the  river,  which  ■\\as  unprecedently 
low,  and  business  was  badly  interfered  with,  ajid 
the  lumbering  interest  was,  for  the  same  reason, 
greatly  depressed. 

On  Sept.  19  and  20,  at  Chickamauga,  the  Second 
Regiment  was  hotly  engaged,  and  suffered  a  loss 
of  thirty-five  killed  and  one  hundred  and  thirteen 
wounded. 

Early  in  October,  the  Seventh,  Ninth,  and 
Tenth  Eegiments  were  relieved  from  duty  here 
and  sent  to  St.  Louis,  from  whence  they  went  to 
the  front. 

On  Oct.  12th,  the  War  Department,  having 
called  for  two  hundred  thousand  more  troops, 
authorized  the  Second  Regiment  of  cavalry  to 


take  the  place  of  the  Mounted  Rangers,  whose 
term  of  service  had  expired. 

On  Oct.  14  the  First  Regiment  was  engaged  at 
Bristow's  Station,  antl  lost  one  killed  and  nine- 
teen wounded,  capturing  two  hundred  prisoners 
and  several  guns. 

At  the  state  election  this  fall.  Gen.  Stephen 
]\Iiller  was  elected  governor,  by  a  vote  of  19,628 
over  Henry  T.  Wells,  who  had  12.739. 

On  Nov.  23,  the  Second  Regiment  was  in  the 
action  at  Mission  Ridge,  and  suffered  a  loss  of 
five  killed  and  thirty-four  wounded. 

The  provost  marshals  oi  the  state  made  an  en- 
rollment of  all  the  male  pitizens  this  fall,  pre- 
paratory to  the  draft.  Resistance  was  made  in 
some  cases,  but  no  serious  disturbances  took 
place,  as  in  other  states. 

EAKLY  IN  1864, 

the  regiments  which  enlisted  in  1861,  and  had  re- 
enlisted  as  '■  veterans,"  were  allowed  to  return  to 
the  State  on  furlough.  They  were  received 
in  the  various  towns  of  the  State  with  the 
most  lively  demonstrations  of  pride  and  grati- 
tude, and  banqueted  and  petted  as  the  brave 
heroes  deserved. 

On  April  2Sth  the  First  regiment,  whose  term 
of  service  had  expired,  was  mustered  out  at  Fort 
SneUing.  Barely  one  hundred  of  the  1080  men 
who  had  stood  on  the  same  parade  ground  three 
years  before,  were  in  the  ranks.  Out  of  some  re- 
enlisted  men  and  recruits  a  battalion  was  formed, 
called  the  "First  Battalion,"  which  did  good  ser- 
vice during  the  next  year. 

On  March  30th  the  Third  regiment  had  a  close 
action  at  a  jilace  called  Fitzhugh's  Woods,  near 
Augusta,  Ark.  Seven  were  killed  and  sixteen 
wounded.  Gen.  Andrews,  commanding,  had  his 
horse  shot  under  him. 

On  June  6th  an  expedition  left  Fort  Ridgely 
in  pursuit  of  the  hostile  Sioux  on  the  Jilissouri 
River,  under  connuand  of  Gen  Sully.  It  con- 
sisted of  the  Eighth  Minn,  (mounted),  six  compa- 
nies of  the  Second  Cavahy,  three  sections  of 
Jones'  Battery,  and  Bracketfs  Battalion  of  cav- 
alry, which  had  re-enlisted  and  was  now  organ- 
ized as  a  separate  command. 

On  June  14,  the  Sixth  Regiment  left  Fort  Snel- 
ling  for  the  south,  and  was  soon  after  placed  in 
the  Sixteenth  Army  Corps,  in  which  was  also  the 


CLOSE  OF  THE  INDIAN  WAS  AND  THE  WAR  OF  SECESSION. 


155 


Fifth,  Seventh,  Ninth  and  Tenth  Minnesota  reg- 
iments. Tlie  Fiftli  had,  not  long  previously, 
taken  a  part  in  the  disastrous  Red  Eiver  cam- 
paign, and  the  Ninth  had  b(mie  a  share  in  the 
unfortunate  Gvmtown  expedition  (June  10),  where 
it  suffered  a  loss  of  seven  killed,  thirty-three 
wounded,  and  two  hundred  and  forty-six  taken 
prisoners. 

On  Feb.  1  the  War  Department  had  made  a 
call  for  two  hundred  thousand  men,  and  on 
March  14  another  call  for  the  same  number,  fol- 
lowed by  one  m  April  for  eighty-five  thousand. 
The  quota  of  our  state  under  these  heavy  calls 
was  about  five  thousand  men,  and  on  May  26 
drafting  commenced  to  fill  the  quotas  of  some 
districts  which  were  deUnquent.  The  desire  of 
some  towns  and  districts  to  escape  a  draft  led  to 
the  issuing  of  bonds,  with  the  proceeds  of  which 
they  paid  high  bounties  and  procured  recraits. 
Subscriptions  were  raised  in  some  districts  for 
the  same  purjiose.  A  class  of  middle  men,  called 
recruit,  or  bounty,  agents,  sprang  up,  who,  in 
bidding  for  recruits,  sometimes  gave  as  high  as 
$700  or  $800  for  men  to  fill  quotas.  Under  this 
stimulus  recniiting  went  on  pretty  lively,  while  a 
considerable  number  of  men  were  drafted  and 
sent  to  fill  old  regiments.  On  July  18th  came  an- 
other call  for  five  hundred  thousand,  and  this 
again  produced  a  new  straggle  to  fill  quotas. 
The  entire  number  of  men  apportioned  to  our 
state  up  to  this  time  was  21 ,442. 

That  these  frequent  and  heavy  drafts  for  men 
produced  a  feeling  of  doubt  and  despondency  can 
not  be  denied.  It  was  now  the  fourth  year  of  the 
war,  and  its  end  still  seemed  far  off,  while  its  rapa- 
cious maw  appeared  to  literally  swallow  up  the 
enormous  levies  which  the  people  in  their  pride 
and  patriotism  promptly  furnished  at  each  call. 
There  was  mourning  in  nearly  every  household 
for  some  "  vuireturning  brave,'"  and  suffering  in 
the  families  of  enlisted  men. 

The  inflation  of  the  currency  also  produced 
an  unheard-of  rise  in  the  price  of  living.  On 
June  1  gold  was  160.  On  July  llth  it  had  reached 
285 — the  highest  point  during  the  war.  All  other 
values  advanced  accordingly.  There  was  some 
silver  lining  to  the  dark  cloud,  though.  The 
great  advance  in  goods  literally  made  the  for- 
tunes of  many  dealers.  Even  real  estate  began 
to  show  Ufe,  while  there  was  an  ease  in  the  money 


market  which  reminded  one  of  1857.  Several  of 
our  railroads  were  now  in  active  progress,  and 
labor  was  in  great  demand.  The  continued 
drouth  and  low  water  was  a  serious  drawback, 
however.  Prayers  were  put  up  in  most  of  the 
churches  for  rain. 

Small  raids  were  made  by  the  Sioux  several 
times  during  the  summer,  and  several  persons 
killed,  but  these  attacks  occasioned  but  little 
alarm. 

On  July  l.Sth,  our  Fifth,  Seventh,  Ninth  and 
TenUi  llegiments  were  in  the  Battle  of  Tupelo, 
and  all  suffered  some  loss.  The  Seventh  had 
nine  killed  and  fifty-two  wounded.  Col.  Wilkin, 
of  the  Ninth,  was  killed— one  of  the  bravest  and 
finest  officers  who  left  our  state. 

Under  the  call  of  July  23d,  an  eleventh  regi- 
ment of  infantry  was  authorized,  and  filled  very 
quickly.  James  Gilflllan,  formerly  of  the  Sev- 
enth, was  appointed  colonel.  The  Eleventh  left 
the  state  on  Sept.  22d,  for  TennessL*e,  where  it 
performed  guard  duty  for  several  months. 

A  battalion  of  heavy  infantry  ^^as  also  re- 
cruited, which  was  soon  increased  to  a  full  regi- 
iment.  Wm.  Colville,  late  of  the  First  Regiment, 
was  placed  in  command.  The  regiment  served 
for  several  months  at  Chattanooga,  Temi. 

Tlie  bullets  of  the  enemy  \\  ere  not  so  disas- 
trous to  some  of  our  regiments,  as  the  malaria 
of  southern  swamps.  Our  Sixth  Regiment  at 
Helena,  and  the  Third  at  Pine  Bluff,  Ark.,  were 
both  decimated  by  disease.  Sometimes  only  a 
handful  of  men  \A'ere  found  well  enough  for  duty. 

On  October  5th,  the  Fourth  Regiment  was  in  a 
heavy  action  at  Altoona,  and  captured  two  flags. 
Their  loss  was  killed,  13;  wounded,  31. 

On  December  7th,  the  Eighth  Regiment  took 
part  in  an  engagement  near  Murf  reesboro,  Tenn- 
essee, in  which  it  lost  14  killed  and  76  wounded, 
in  a  charge  on  the  enemy's  batteries. 

On  December  16th,  the  Fifth,  Seventh,  Nintli 
and  Tenth  Regiments  took  part  in  tlie  great  bat- 
tle of  Nashville,  between  Thomas's  and  Hood's 
armies.  All  suffered  loss,  though  fortunatel\ 
not  severe. 

On  December  19th,  another  call  was  made,  for 
.WO.OdO  troops,  and  the  recruiting  and  bounty 
business  grew  more  intense  than  ever,  and  con- 
tinued all  winter. 

During  this  time,  the  patriotic  people  of  our 


156 


OUTLINES  OF  THE  HISTOBY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


State  were  contributing  Mitli  generous  liberality 
to  the  Sanitary  and  Christian  Commissions,  to 
various  relief  movements,  to  .  special  hospital 
funds  of  our  various  regiments,  for  the  support 
of  destitute  soldiers"  families,  and  individual  cases 
of  distress  without  number.  No  State  in  the 
I'nion  did  more,  proportioned  to  their  means,  in 
these  works,  than  the  people  of  Miiuiesota. 

THE  YEAR  1865 

opened  with  more  encouraging  prospects.  The 
large  forces  of  the  I'nion  army  were  gaining  sub- 
stantial victories.  The  successes  of  Sheridan  in  the 
Shenandoah  Valley,  Sherman  in  his  historic 
march  to  the  sea.  "  crushing  the  confederacy  like 
an  eggshell,"  and  Grant,  doggedly  consuming 
the  enemy  at  Petersburg,  were  fast  shattering 
the  rebellion.  In  the  siege  of  Spanish  Fort,  at 
Mobile,  in  April,  the  Fifth,  Sixth,  Seventh, 
Ninth,  and  Tenth  Minnesota  Volunteers  bore  an 
active  and  honorable  part. 

Not  unmingled  with  tears  were  the  rejoicings 
over  these  victories.  Every  battle  bulletin  brouglit 
sorrow  and  mourning  to  many  homes  in  our  state 
On  April  3d  came  the  great  ne\\s  of  the  fall  of 
Kichmond.  and  on  April  8th,  while  the  people 
celebrating  this  event,  the  dispatch  of  General 
Grant  announcing  the  unconditional  surrender  of 
Lee  and  his  army  was  received,  setting  nearly 
everybody  crazy  with  joy.  On  April  13th  the 
provost  marshals  received  an  order  to  cease  draft- 
ing and  recruiting,  and  the  war  was  practically 
over.  One  of  its  saddest  results  was  yet  to  come 
— the  death  of  President  Lincoln,  on  April  loth. 
This  calamity  was  duly  observed  in  all  the  towns 
of  the  State,  on  April  19th,  by  suspension  of 
business,  and  religious  services.  These  gloomy 
feelings  were  soon  dispelled,  however,  by  the 

BETUEN  OF  OUK  KEGIMENTS, 

early  in  the  summer,  and  their  muster  out  at  Fort 
Snelling.  As  each  of  these  Ijodies  of  brave  men 
returned,  they  were  received  with  such  ovations 
and  demonstrations  of  joy  as  a  grateful  people 
could  devise.  Quietly  our  soldiers  "hung  up 
their  Ijruised  arms."  and  were  soon  again  ab- 
sorbed into  the  body  of  the  people.  In  all,  Min- 
nesota had  furnished  to  the  armies  of  the  repub- 


lic 2.J.052  men,  or  about  one-seventh  of  its  entire 
popidatiou  at  the  beginning  of  the  war.  Of 
these,  it  is  estimated  from  the  best  data  obtaina- 
ble, that  2.500  were  killed  in  battle  and  died  of 
disease  during  the  war,  while  probably  twice  as 
many  more  received  wounds  from  which  they 
will  suffer  through  life.  Many  died  shortly  after 
the  war,  from  the  effects  of  disease  or  imprison- 
ment incurred  in  service.  In  her  devotion  to  the 
cause  of  the  Union,  our  State  has  a  bright  record. 

The  state  was  almost  free  from  Indian  raids 
during  all  this  year.  Only  one  of  any  moment 
occurred.  On  May  2d  a  family  of  five  persons 
named  Jewett,  were  murdered  near  (Jarden 
City.  A  half  breed  named  Campbell,  who  aided 
in  the  raid,  was  arrested  at  Mankato  several  days 
afterward,  and  hung  by  a  mob. 

The  census  of  1865,  showed  a  population  of 
250,098 — a  gratifying  increase,  considering  the 
war  of  secession  and  the  Indian  war  as  draw- 
backs. 

■\Vith  the  close  of  the  war  a  new  era  of  pros- 
perity seemed  tohavebegunin  the  state,  ^ioney 
was  abundant,  immigration  brisk,  labor  in  de- 
mand, and  real  estate  advancing.  Our  railroads 
were  in  rapid  progress  in  all  directions,  and  vil- 
lages and  towns  springing  up  everywliere. 

On  Nov.  11th,  at  Fort  Snelling.  Shakopee  and 
Medicine  Bottle,  two  Sioux  convicted  of  taking 
part  in  the  massacre  of  1S62,  were  hung.  They 
had  lied  to  ^Manitoba,  and  were  not  caught  until 
J864. 

This  fall  much  excitement  was  occasioned  by 
the  reported  discovery  of  gold  quartz  at  Lake 
"^'ermillion.  Several  mining  companies  were 
formed,  and  veins  opened  and  worked,  but  the 
yield  did  not  pay,  and  the  mines  were  soon  aban- 
doned. 

The  state  election  this  year  was  very  feebly 
contested.  Two  well-known  old  settlers  were 
nominated  for  governor,  but  the  vote  was  light. 
Wm.  R.  l^Iarshall  received  17.318  and  Henry 
M.  Rice  13,842.  At  the  same  election  an  amend- 
ment to  the  constitution  was  voted  on.  proposing 
to  confer  the  elective  francliiseon  negroes,  but 
was  defeated. 


PBINCIPAL  EVENTS  FROM  1866  TO  1881. 


157 


CHAPTER  XXIX. 


PRINCIPAL  EVENTS  FROM  1866  TO  1881. 


k  Penod  of  Inflation.— Rapid  Railroad  ConRtruction,---Proposed  Removal  Bf  the 
Capital. —Attempted  Adjustment  of  the  Railroad  Bonds.— Legislative  Control 
of  Freight  Tariffs.— Prairie  Fires  in  IS7I.— An  Arctic  Cyclone.— Impeachment 
of  State  Treasurer.— The  Jay  Cooke  Panic.— Regulating  Railroad  Taritfs.— 
Grasshopper  Ravages.— Suffering  on  the  Frontier.---ReIief  Measures  Adopted 
by  the  Legislature. -.-Murderous  Raid  by  Missouri  Outlaws.— Further  Attempts 
to  Adjust  the  Railroad  Loan  Debt-— End  of  the  Grasshopper  Scoiu-ge.— Return 
of  "  Good  Times,"  and  Rapid  Growth  in  Prosperity. 

The  year  1866  was  one  of  great  financial  ease. 
The  large  expenditure  of  money  by  tlie  govern- 
ment, in  the  pay  of  discliarged  ti'oops,  bounties, 
and  various  war  claims,  made  money  unusually 
plenty. 

The  railroads  of  the  State  were  pushed  this 
year  with  great  vigor.  By  whiter,  31.5  miles  were 
in  operation.  Tliere  was  a  continuous  line  from 
St.  Cloud,  via  Owatonna,  to  Winona,  a  distance 
of  2-15  miles.  These  roads  were  an  important 
element  in  aiding  the  settlement  and  business 
of  the  State.  Pormerly  the  sole  dependence  for 
travel  and  freight  had  been  on  the  river,  and  the 
.  winter  was  a  season  of  dullness  and  depression. 
This  was  now  largely  changed. 

At  the  State  election  m  the  fall  of  1867,  Wm. 
R.  Marshall  had  31,874  votes,  and  Charles  E. 
riandrau  29,.502.  This  would  indicate  a  popula- 
tion of  aliout  320.000,  showing  a  heavy  immigra- 
tion during  the  years  1866  and  1867.  At  this 
election,  a  negro  suffrage  amendment  was  again 
voted  on  and  defeated.  The  following  year  [1 868] 
the  amendment  was  a  third  time  voted  on,  and 
adopted;  ayes,  39,493;  noes,  30,121. 

PROPOSED  REMOVAL  OF  TUB   CAPITAL. 

At  the  session  of  the  legislature  in  1869,  a  bill 
was  introduced  to  remove  the  seat  of  government 
to  a  spotnear  Big  Kandiyohi  Lake.  The  bill  was 
at  Drst  regarded  as  a  joke,  and  it  met  with  small 
opposition,  passmg  both  houses  witli  little  delay. 
Gov.  Marshall  vetoed  the  measure,  and  an  at- 
tempt to  i)ass  the  act  over  his  veto,  failed. 

At  this  session,  the  legislature  celebrated  the 
completion  of  an  aU-rail  route  to  the  east  by  a 


visit  to  Milwaukee,  and  to  the  Wisconsm  legisla- 
ture at  Madison. 

At  the  state  election  in  the  fall  of  1869,  Horace 
Austin  (rep.)  was  elected  governor,  by  a  vote  of 
27,348,  over  George  L.  Otis  (dem.),  who  had 
25,401. 

By  the  census  of  1870,  Minnesota  was  found  to 
have  439,706  population. 

PROPOSED     ABJUSTJIEXT     OF     THE     RAILROAD 
BONDS. 

At  the  session  of  the  Legislature  in  1870,  an 
act  was  passed  submittmg  to  the  people  an 
amendment  to  the  constitution,  providing  for  the 
sale  of  the  five  hundred  thousand  acres  of  what 
was  known  as  the  "luternal  Improvement 
Lands,"  and  the  use  of  the  proceeds  in  extin- 
guishing the  state  railroad  loan  bonds,  in  the  fol- 
lowing manner:  Two  tliousand  of  the  bonds 
were  to  be  deposited  with  the  State  Land  Commis- 
sioner on  or  before  the  day  of  sale,  by  the  hold- 
ers, they  agreeing  to  purchase  with  them  tlie 
lands  at  $8.70  per  acre,  etc.  The  amendment 
was  adopted  by  a  popular  yote,  but  as  only  1,032 
bonds  were  deposited  by  the  owners,  the  measure 
failed. 

Tlie  unusual  low  water  of  1863,  '64  and  '65  had 
now  given  way  to  a  series  of  years  of  the  oppo- 
site extreme.  In  1870  occurred  gi'eat  fresliets, 
doing  much  damage,  and  the  water  was  reported 
"  higher  than  for  twenty  years." 

Railroad  construction  had  been  pushed  with 
great  vigor  for  the  last  year  or  two.  At  the  close 
of  1870,  there  were  1,096  miles  in  operation,  329 
of  which  were  built  that  year.  A  road  had  been 
completed  to  Lake  Superior  during  the  season, 
thus  connecting  the  river  and  lake  systems,  while 
the  Northern  Pacific  Raihoad  was  imder  full 
lieadway. 

During  1869  and  "70,  much  complaint  was  made 
by  shippers,  of  unjust  charges  by  the  raih'oads  of 


158 


Ol'TLIXES  OF  THE  HISTOBY  OF  JIIXXESOTA. 


the  State.  Governor  Austin,  in  his  message, 
January,  1871,  called  attention  to  the  subject 
very  pointedly.  An  investigation  was  made  by  a 
legislative  committee,  which  resulted  in  the  en- 
actment of  a  freight  and  passenger  tariff,  and  the 
creation  of  the  office  of  Railroad  Commissioner. 
The  tariff  so  fixed  was  disregarded  by  the  rail- 
roads, and  in  1871,  an  action,  as  a  sort  of  test 
case  imder  that  statute,  was  commenced  by  John 
D.  Blake,  of  Rochester,  against  the  Winona  & 
St.  Peter  RaUroad,  for  mijust  freight  charges. 
The  presiding  judge  decided  the  act  unconstitu- 
tional, but  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  re- 
versed this  decision,  when  the  raih'oad  company 
appealed  the  case  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States.  It  was  not  imtil  1876  that  a  de- 
cision was  rendered,  sustaining  the  right  of  legis- 
lative control  over  railroad  tariffs. 

An  act  was  passed  by  the  legislature  of  1S71  to 
"  Tcs!,  tho  validity  and  provide  for  the  equitable 
adjustment"  of  the  State  railroad  bonds,  by  the 
cre;.tion  of  a  commission,  to  ascertain  and  award 
the  amount  due  on  each.  The  act  was  voted  on 
in  May  following,  and  rejected  by  the  people. 
Anolher  important  measure  passed  at  the  same 
ssssion,  was  an  act  dividing  up  the  500,000  acres 
of  Internal  Improvement  Land,  among  various 
railroad  companies.  This  was  vetoed  by  Gov. 
Austin.  Two  years  later  the  constitution  was 
amended  so  that  no  act  disposing  of  these  lands, 
should  be  valid,  unless  approved  by  a  vote  of  the 
people. 

In  the  f  aU  of  1871 ,  destnictive  fires,  driven  by 
high  winds,  swept  over  a  number  of  frontier  coun- 
ties, lasting  several  days,  and  inflictmg  great 
damage  on  the  settlers.  Ilimdreds  lost  their 
houses",  crops,  hay,  fences,  etc,  and  several  per- 
sons were  Inimed  to  death.  During  the  summer, 
many  had  also  lost  their  crops  by  destructive  hail 
storms.  Gov.  Austin  appealed  to  the  people  of 
the  State,  by  proclamation,  for  aid  for  the  sirffer- 
ers.  He  received  in  response,  $11,000  in  money, 
and  clothmg,  provisions,  etc. ,  worth  §11 ,000  more, 
while  the  next  legislature  appropriated  S20.000 
for  the  purpose  of  purchasing  seed  wheat. for 
those  who  had  lost  their  crops. 

In  November,  1871,  Horace  Austin  was  re- 
elected Governor,  by  a  vote  of  45,833;  over  W. 
Young,  who  had  30,092. 


From  1870  to  1873,  was  a  period  of  great  infla- 
tion and  speculation.  The  money  market  was 
imprecedentedly  easy,  and  real  estate  partook  of 
the  same  excitement  as  characterized  the  flush 
times  of  18-56  and  1857.  Railroad  biuldiug  was 
carried  on  to  a  remarkable  extent,  and  the  entire 
State  was  enjoying  an  lunisual  period  of  material 
progress  and  development. 

The  winter  of  1872-3  was  an  unusually  early 
and  severe  one.  On  January  7th,  8th  and  9ih, 
1873,  occuiTed  an  ■•  Arctic  Cyclone '",  or  ••  Polar 
"Wave "',  of  a  violence  and  intensity^  never  before 
experienced  in  this  State.  The  worst  effects  were 
felt  in  the  prairie  region.  Gov.  Austin,  in  a  spe- 
cial message  to  the  legislature,  reported  that  sev- 
enty lives  were  lost,  thirty-one  pereons  suffered 
loss  of  hmbs,  and  about  three  himdred  cattle  and 
horses  perished.  The  legislatiu:e  voted  85,000  as 
a  reUef  fund  to  aid  sufferers. 

Durmg  the  session  of  1873,  charges  of  corrupt 
conduct  and  misdemeanors  in  office,  were  made 
against  "\Vm.  Seeger,  State  Treasurer.  On  March 
5th,  the  House  of  Representatives  impeached  him, 
and  the  Senate,  on  being  presented  with  the  arti- 
cles, appointed  ^lay  20th  as  the  date  to  sit  as  a 
Court  of  Impeachment.  Prior  to  that  date.  Mr. 
Seeger  resigned  his  office,  and  Gov.  Austin  ac- 
cepted the  resignation.  "VMien  the  Senate  met 
on  May  20th,  this  fact  left  that  body  uncertain 
whether  to  proceed  with  the  trial  or  not.  On 
May  22d,  !Mr.  Seeger  sent  in  a  'mitten  plea  of 
■•guOty""  to  all  the  charges.  A  resolution  was 
then  adopted  by  the  Senate,  declaring  that  the 
judgment  of  the  court  was.  that  he  be  removed 
from  office,  and  disqualified  to  hold  and  enjoy  any 
office  of  honor,  trust  or  profit  in  this  State. 

On  September  I9th,  1873.  the  news  was  circu- 
lated in  this  State,  of  the  failure  of  Jay  Cooke's 
banking  house  in  Philadelphia,  occasioning  a 
financial  panic.  Its  effects  here  were  far  dif- 
ferent from  those  of  the  panic  of  1857.  There 
was  some  stringency  in  the  money  market,  rail- 
road building  ceased,  and  real  estate  was  very 
dull  for  several  years,  but  not  a  bank  in  the  State 
closed  its  doors,  and  but  few  mercantile  houses 
failed.  Immigration  was  large,  good  harvests 
added  annually  to  the  wealth  of  the  State,  and 
it  advanced  steadily  in  prosperity. 


PMINCIPAL  EVENTS  FBOM  1866  TO  1881. 


159 


THE  GRASSHOPPER  SCOURGE. 

During  the  summer  of  1873,  a  species  of  grass- 
hopper, called  the  "Kocky  Moimtain  Locust,'' 
made  its  appearance  in  myriads,  in  some  of  the 
south-western  comities,  almost  totally  destroying 
the  crops.  Ilundi-eds  of  families  were  feft  in 
great  destitution.  These  facts  being  reported  by 
the  press,  an  energetic  movement  was  made  in 
the  towns  and  cities  in  the  eastern  portion  of  the 
state,  to  send  relief  to  the  sufferers,  and  large 
quantities  of  clothing,  provisions,  medical  sup- 
plies, etc.,  were  collected  and  distributed  to  them, 
beside  quite  an  amoiuit  of  money. 

At  the  state  election  this  year,  Cushman  K. 
Davis  was  elected  governor,  by  a  vote  of  40,741, 
over  Ara  Barton,  who  had  35,245. 

When  the  Legislature  of  1874  assembled,  it 
promptly  voted  S5,000  for  the  temporary  relief  of 
the  frontier  settlers,  and  on  March  ind,  a  further 
sum  of  $25,000  for  the  purchase  of  seed  grain. 
With  the  aid  thus  furnished,  the  settlers  planted 
their  crops  again,  but  soon  the  ground  was  fairly 
alive  with  young  grasslioppers,  hatched  from  eggs 
deposited  the  year  previous.  As  soon  as  these 
were  large  enough,  they  laid  bare  the  region 
about  them,  then  fell  on  other  localities  near  by, 
and  thus  destroyed  the  crops  in  a  number  of  coun- 
ties again.  The  people  were  once  more  in  a 
state  of  great  destitution. 

Gov.  Davis  addressed  a  circular  to  the  com- 
missioners of  the  counties  not  ravaged  by  the  lo- 
custs, asking  them  to  advance  money  propor- 
tioned to  their  property,  for  a  relief  fund.  Con- 
tributions were  also  solicited  from  the  people  of 
the  state.  By  the  latter,  §18,059  was  raised,  to- 
gether with  very  large  quantities  of  clothing  and 
provisions,  and  forwarded  to  the  sufferers.  Even 
with  this  aid,  there  was  much  suffermg  the  next 
winter. 

The  Legislature  of  1875,  immediately  on  as- 
sembUng,  appropriated  S20,000  for  immediate 
relief,  and  later  in  the  session,  $75,000  for  the 
purchase  of  seed  grain.  Only  $49,000  of  this  was 
used.  The  farmers  agam  planted  their  crops,  in 
hope,  but  early  in  the  summer  they  were,  for  a 
third  time,  destroyed.  The  situation  now  became 
serious.  All  the  state  was  beginning  to  feel  the 
effects  of  this  calamity,  though  the  portions  yet 
ludiarmed  kept  up  an  active  collection  and  for- 


warding of  supplies  for  the  destitute.  Without 
this  benevolent  work,  the  suffering  would  have 
been  severe. 

By  the  state  census  this  year,  the  population 
of  Minnesota  was  found  to  be  597,407.  At  the 
state  election,  John  S.  Pillsbury  was  elected  Gov- 
ernor, by  a  vote  of  47,073,  over  D.  L.  Buell,  who 
had  35,275. 

The  season  of  1876  saw  the  grasshopper  devas- 
tations repeated,  and  over  a  larger  area  than  be- 
fore. The  crops  were  more  or  less  a  failure, 
and  again  an  appeal  was  made  to  the  benevolent 
people  of  the  rest  of  the  State  for  aid,  which  was 
liberally  and  cheerfully  responded  to. 

On  September  6th,  a  daring  crime  was  perpe- 
trated at  Northfield.  A  band  of  eight  outlaws 
from  Missouri,  attacked  the  National  bank  in 
that  town,  with  the  intention  of  robbing  it.  The 
cashier  and  another  citizen  were  fehot  dead,  and 
two  of  the  robbers  killed  \rj  persons  who  hastily 
armed  themselves.  The  rest  of  the  desperadoes 
fled,  5ind,  after  a  chase  of  several  days,  four  of 
them  were  surrounded  in  a  thicket  in  Watonwan 
county,  where  one  was  kUIed,  and  thr:e  taken 
prisoners.  The  latter,  who  were  brothers  named 
Younger,  plead  guilty  of  murder,  and  were  sent 
to  the  State's  Prison  for  life. 

The  legislature  of  1877  prepared  an  amend- 
ment to  the  constitution,  pro\itling  for  biennial 
sessions  of  that  body,  and  the  amendment  was 
adopted  by  the  people  at  the  fall  election. 

Five  acts  were  passed  at  tlie  same  session,  re- 
lating to  the  grasshopper  scourge.  One  of  these 
appropriated  $100,000  for  bounties  to  pay  for  the 
destruction  of  grasshoppers  and  their  eggs.  [This 
was  never  put  into  effect.]  A  State  loan,  to  raise 
the  money  therefor,  was  also  authorized.  In  ad- 
dition, townships  or  villages  were  authorized  to 
levy  a  tax  to  pay  similar  boinities.  Tlic  sum  of 
$75,000  was  also  appropriated  to  purchase  seed 
grain  for  those  who  had  lost  their  crops,  and 
$5,000  was  voted  for  a  special  relief  fund. 

At  the  same  session  was  passed  an  act  provid- 
ing for  the  redemption  of  the  State  railroad 
bonds,  by  giving  for  each  outstanding  bond  sur- 
rendered, a  new  bond  for  $1,750,  at  6  per  cent. 
interest.  Tlie  amendment  was  defeated  at  an 
election  held  on  June  12th. 

Early  in  the  summer  [1877]  the  grasshoppers 
appeared  in  myiiads  again,  and  began  devouring 


160 


OUTLINES  OF  THE  HISTOBY  OF  JflNNESOTA. 


tlie  crops.  The  farmers  endeavored  to  destroy 
them  by  fires,  ditching,' and  catching  them  in 
pans  smeared  with  tar.  |  A  day  of  fasting  and 
prayer  for  riddance  from  the  calamity,  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  CJovernor,  and  generally  observed 
throughout  the  State,  f  Soon  after  this,  the  grass- 
hoppers disappeared,  and  a  partial  harvest  was 
secured  in  the  region  formerly  afflicted  by  them. 
For  five  successive  seasons,  the  farmers  in  that 
district  had  lost  their  crops,  more  or  less  entirely. 

In  the  fall  of  1877,  Gov.  Pillsbui-y  was  re- 
elected Governor,  receiving  57,071  votes,  over 
\Vm.  L.  Bamiiug,  who  received  39,11:7. 

The  legislature  of  1878,  appropriated  $150,000 
to  purchase  seed  grain  for  destitute  settlers,  the 
amoimts  issued,  to  such,  to  be  repaid  by  them. 
Over  six  thousand  persons,  in  thirty-four  counties, 
received  loans  imder  this  act,  enough  to  jtlant 
223,727  acres.    Itlost  of  these  loans  were  repaid. 

At  the  same  session  an  act  was  passed,  propo- 
sing a  constitutional  amendment,  offering  to  the 
holders  of  State  railroad  bonds.  Internal  Improve- 
ment Lauds,  in  exchange  for  such  bonds.     The 


amendment  was  rejected  by  the  people  at  the 
next  election. 

?  During  the  year  1878,  railroad  extension,  which 
had  been  almost  suspended  for  four  years,  was 
renewed  again  with  much  vigor,  and  the  mate- 
rial progress  of  the  State  was  very  marked,  the 
western  counties,  especially,  developing  rapidly. 

At  the  election  in  1879,  John  S.  Pillsbury  was 
re-elected  Governor  for  a  third  term,  by  a  vote  of 
57,471,  over  Edmund  Eice,  who  had  42,144,  and 
other  candidates,  who  received  6,401. 

On  Jfovember  1.5th,  1880,  the  Ho-pital  for  the 
Insane,  at  St.  Peter,  was  partially  destroyed  by 
fire,  and  twenty-seven  of  the  patients  lost  their 
lives,  by  burning,  or  in  consequence  of  exposure 
and  fright. 

The  census  of  1880,  showed  a  population  in 
ilinnesota,  of  780,082.  The  assessors'  returns 
give  a  valuation  of  real  and  personal  property,  of 
$268,277,874.  These  figures  show  a  proud  and 
gratifying  condition  of  growth  and  prosperity  in 
the  short  space  of  thirty-one  years,  since  Minne- 
sota began  its  political  existence. 


FORT  SNELLTNG. 


CHAPTER   XXX. 


FOKT   SNELLING. 


A  Plain  Post— Its  Associations— Situation— Channel  of  Mississi(ipi— Recent  Im- 
provements —  Department  ol  Dakota  —  Department  Headquartprs  —  Lieut. 
Douglas'  Report — Purchase  of  Reserve— Purpose  of  Fort— Building— Hani- 
ships— Saw  Mill— Wanie— Squatters— Pike  Island— Reduction  of  1853— Sale  to 
Mr- Steele-Re-entry  by  U,  S.— Reduction  ot  1862— Claim  of  Mr.  Steele— Re- 
duction of  1870- New  Buildings— General  Description. 


If  a  visitor  expects  to  see  a  stone  fortification, 
bristling  with  cannon  and  prepared  for  defense 
against  intruders  by  land  or  water,  he  will 
be  disappointed  in  Fort  Snelling.  If,  on  the 
other  hand,  he  anticipates  a  pile  of  ruins  over- 
grown with  ivy,  the  remains  of  former  greatness 
and  strengtli,  he  will  find  himself  as  iniich 
deceived  hi  that  direction.  No  mark  of  cannon- 
ball  or  even  musket  shot  exists.  The  fort  has 
never  sustained  an  attack.  Some  old  Iniildings. 
it  is  true,  are  disused  and  look  sadly  fiirsakeii, 
their  places  being  supplied  by  new  and  more 
modern  structures,  still  it  would  require  sfinie 
stretch  of  the  imagination  to  construe  them  in- 
to ruins.  One  of  the  officers,  however,  jokingly 
suggested  that  ivy  be  planted  around  the  tower 
that  in  old  time  guarded  the  main  entrance, 
pierced  for  two  tiers  of  musketry,  and  a  ruin 
be  made  of  it.  This  was  a  valuable  suggestion, 
as  in  its  present  condition  it  performs  no  useful 
purpose  and  is  an  eye-sore  to  the  visitor.  Tlius 
we  see  that  the  fort  fails  to  attract,  either  by 
its  military  freshness  or  by  a  ruinous  condition. 
It  is  simply  a  plain  military  post  witlwut  dis- 
play. It  has,  however,  served  a  purpose,  and 
is  now  the  historical  landmark  for  the  State  and 
the  Northwest.  Here  was  the  first  settlement. 
the  first  liirth,  first  marriage  and  first  death. 
Here  was  organized  the  first  church,  here  was 
the  first  farming,  first  milling  and  first  enter- 
prise of  every  kind.  Around  Fort  Snelling  clus- 
ter all  the  early  associations  of  the  State.  What 
matters  it,  if  it  has  been  a  means  of  fraud  on  the 

national  resources  and  a  continual  charge  to  the 
U 


government  V  Had  the  paltry  dollars  been  kept 
back,  much  would  have  been  lost  and  the  comitry 
made  poorer  not  richer.  As  the  skillful  general 
in  the  hour  of  battle  wastes  amminiition,  pro- 
perty of  all  kinds  and  even  lives  of  men  that  in 
a  less  critical  hour  he  would  cherish,  to  accom- 
plish a  result  superior  in  importance  to  money  or 
lives,  so  the  government  is  often  compelled  to 
submit  to  much  waste  to  achieve  great  ends. 
The  fort  stands  on  tlie  bluffs  of  the  Mississippi, 
whose  pure  white  sandstone  affords  a  strong  con- 
trast to  the  dark  water  below,  as  well  as  to  the 
green  banks  above.  The  wide  gorge  through 
which  the  Father  of  Waters  brings  down  the 
fliiods  of  tlie  Nortli  is  here  greatly  increased  in 
width,  after  receiving  the  waters  of  its  confluent 
the  Minnesota.  Geologists  tell  us  that  once  the 
Minnesota  was  the  larger  river,  and  that  the  ilis- 
sissippi  was  its  trilnitary.  They  tell  us,  too,  that 
the  Mississippi  once  traversed  a  different  course, 
leaving  its  present  channel  at  the  mouth  of  Bas- 
setfs  Creek  and,  takhig  a  route  through  tlie 
Lakes  Calhoun  and  Harriet,  flowed  into  the  Min- 
nesota at  some  point  between  Shakopee  and  the 
fort.  No  historian,  however,  can  confirm  the 
testimony  of  the  rocks,  and  the  old  fort  cannot 
reach  back  far  enough  to  aid  in  the  research. 
We  are  indebted  to  the  politeness  of  Colonel 
John  Gibbon,  tlie  officer  in  command,  and  to 
.idjutaut  Harding  for  the  following  history  of 
the  fort,  prepared  by  S.  R.  Douglas,  2nd  Lieut. 
7th  Infantry.  Tliis  will  give  the  facts  of  tlie 
fort  as  it  wa«,  and  as  it  is.  except  the  improve- 
ments of  the  past  year.  The  improvements  con- 
sist of  a  bakery,  a  commissary  store  house  and  a 
stable,  added  at  a  cost  of  about  SOOOO.  It  will  be 
necessary  for  us,  however,  t<i  notice  some  im- 
provements lately  made  in  the    reservation,  in 

consequence  of  the  establishment  of  the  head- 

(Kil) 


162 


FORT  SySLLING. 


quarters  of  the  "  Department  of  Dakota  ""  at  this 
point. 

The  "  Department  of  Dakota"  was  created  Aug. 
11th.  1866.  out  of  the  departments  of  the  Missouri 
and  Platte,  and  Brevet  Major  tTeneral  Alfred  H. 
Terry  assigned  to  command.  May  18th,  1869, 
General  Terry  was  succeeded  liy  Major  General 
"Winfield  8.  Hancock.  Decemlier  3d.  1872.  tlie 
latter  was  succeeded  1),\  Brevet  Major  General, 
now  Brigadier  General.  Alfred  11.  Terry. 

The  l^epartment  of  Dakota  now  includes  the 
Territories  of  Montana  and  Dakota,  and  the  State 
of  Minnesota.  The  object  of  the  department  is  to 
facilitate  the  movement  of  troops,  the  distrilnition 
of  supplies,  etc.,  etc.  The  troops  in  this  depart- 
ment are  the  Second  and  Seventh  cavalry.  Third, 
Fifth,  Seventh.  Eleventh,  Seventeenth,  Eigh- 
teenth and  Twenty-fifth  infantry.  The  head- 
quarters have  been  located  at  St.  I'aul  since  the 
creation  of  the  department,  with  the  exception  of 
a  short  time  when  they  were  located  at  Fort 
Snelling.  During  the  year  past,  extensive  build- 
ings have  been  erected  on  the  Fort  Suelliiig  res- 
ervation with  a  view  to  the  establishment  of  the 
headquarters  of  this  department  there,  near  the 
military  post.  These  improvements  are  still  in 
progress,  and.  when  complete,  will  add  greatly  to 
the  beauty  and  usefulness  of  the  reservation. 
Fourteen  buildings  built  of  cream  colored  brick, 
are  nearly  complete,  and  present  a  fine  appear- 
ance. They  differ  hi  architectiu'e  and  are  large 
and  elaborate.  The  headquarters  building  is  a 
handsome  structure. 

.  So  much  has  been  said  and  is  still  to  be  said  in 
this  history  in  reference  to  F^ort  Snelling.  that  it 
has  been  thought  best  to  insert  the  followmg  re- 
port of  the  fort : 

Fort  Sn'ellixg,  Mixx..  / 
December  4th,  1879.       ( 

Tf)  the  Post  Adjutant,  Fort  Snelling.  Minn. 

Sir: — Pursuant  to  instructions  from  the  com- 
manding officer.  Fort  Snelling.  Minn..  I  have  the 
honor  to  submit  the  following  report,  viz:  In 
180-5,  Lieutenant  Zebulon  Montgomery  Pike.  V. 
S.  Army,  was  sent  out  to  explore  the  upper  Missis- 
sippi river,  to  expel  British  traders  who  might  be 
found  violating  United  States  laws,  and  to  make 
treaties  with  the  Indians. 

On  the  21st  of  September,  1S05,  he  encamped 


on  what  is  now  known  as  Pike  Island,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Mississippi  and  Minnesota,  (then 
St.  Peters)  rivei-s.  Two  days  after,  he  obtained 
by  treat>  \\ith  the  Sioux  Nation,  a  tract  of  land 
for  a  military  reservation,  which  was '  described 
as  follows :  "From  below  the  confluence  of  the 
Mississippi  and  St.  Peter,  up  the  Mississippi  to 
include  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  extending  nine 
miles  on  each  side  of  the  river."  By  this  treaty, 
as  ratified  by  the  Senate,  the  United  States  stip- 
ulated to  pay  two  thousand  dollars  |S2. 0(101  for 
the  lands  thus  ceded. 

The  reserve,  thus  purchased,  by  Lieutenant 
Pike,  was  not  used  for  military  purposes  until 
February  10th.  1819,  at  which  time,  to  cause  the 
power  of  the  United  States  government  to  be 
fully  acknowledged  by  the  Indians  and  .settlei's 
of  the  Xorthwest.  to  prevent  Lord  Selkirk,  the 
Hudson  Bay  Company  and  others,  frcmi  establish- 
ing trading  posts  ou  United  States  territory,  to 
better  the  condition  of  the  Indians,  and  to  de- 
velop the  resources  of  the  country,  it  was  thought 
expedient  to  establish  a  military  post  near  the 
junction  of  the  Mississippi  and  the  St.  Peters. 
Accordingly  part  of  the  oth  V.  S.  Infantry,  com- 
manded by  Lieutenant  Colonel  Henry  Leaven- 
worth .  was  despatched  to  select  a  site  and  erect 
a  post.  They  arrived  at  the  St.  Peters  in  Sep- 
tember (1819)  and  went  into  cantoimient  on  the 
south  side  of  it,  near  where  the  town  of  Mendota 
now  stands. 

The  first  monthly  report  was  rendered  for  Sep- 
tember. 1819.  During  the  ensuing  winter  (1819-20) 
scurvy  raged  amongst  the  troops,  referring  to 
which.  General  H.  H.  Sibley,  in  his  address  before 
the  Minnesota  Historical  Society,  says :  "So  sud- 
den was  the  attack,  that  soldiers  apparently 
in  good  health  when  they  retired  at  night,  were 
foinid  dead  in  the  mornmg.  One  man  who  was 
relieved  from  his  tour  of  sentinel  duty,  and 
stretched  himself  upon  a  bench,  when  he  was 
called  four  hours  after,  to  resume  his  duties,  was 
found  lifeless."  In  May,  1820.  the  command  left 
their  cantonment,  crossed  the  St.  Peters,  and 
went  into  summer  camp  at  a  spring,  near  the 
old  Baker  trading  house,  and  aliout  two  miles 
above  the  present  site  of  Fort  Snelling.  This 
was  called  "Camp  Cold  Water."  During  the 
summer  the  men  were  busily  engaged  in  procur- 
ing logs   and  other  necessary  materials  for  the 


REDUCTION  AND  SALE. 


163 


work.  All  preparations  were  being  made  to  com- 
mence building  the  new  post,  which  was  called 
"Fort  St.  Anthony;''  the  site  selected  being  that 
of  the  present  military  cemetery.  But  in  August, 
1820,  Colonel  Josiah  Snelling,  5th  U.  S.  Infantry, 
having  arrived  and  assumed  command,  selected 
the  site  where  Fort  Snelling  now  stands. 

W'ork  steadily  progressed,  the  troops  perform- 
ing the  labor,  and  on  September  10th,  1820,  the 
corner  stone  of  Fort  St.  Anthony  was  laid  with 
due  ceremony. 

During  the  following  winter  (1820-"21),  the 
buildings  of  the  new  post  not  being  habitable, 
the  troops  were  quartered  in  the  cantonment  of 
the  preceding  winter. 

The  first  measured  distance  between  Fort  St. 
Anthony  and  Fort  Crawford  (Prairie  du  Chien), 
was  taken  in  February,  1822,  and  was  given  as 
two  hundred  and  four  miles. 

Work  on  the  post  was  pushed  forward  with  all 
possible  speed.  The  buildings  were  made  of  logs, 
and  first  occupied  in  October,  1822. 

The  first  steamboat,  the  Virginia,  arrived  at 
the  post  in  1823. 

A  saw-mill  was  built,  the  first  in  Minnesota, 
by  troops  from  the  post,  in  1822,  and  the  first 
lumber  ever  sawed  on  Rum  River,  was  for  use  in 
the  construction  of  the  fort.  Minneapolis  now 
includes  the  mill-site. 

The  post  continued  to  be  called  Fort  St.  An- 
thony >mtil  1824,  when,  upon  the  recommendation 
of  General  Scott,  U.  S.  A.,  who  inspected  the 
fort,  it  was  named  Fort  Snelling,  in  honor  of  its 
founder. 

In  1830  stone  buildings  were  erected  for  a  four 
company  infantry  post,  also  a  stone  hospital  and 
a  stone  \\all  nine  feet  high  surrounding  the  post. 
These  buildings  were  not  actually  completed, 
however,  until  after  the  Mexican  War. 

Notwithstanding  the  treaty  made  by  Lieuten- 
ant Pike,  the  Indian  title  to  the  Fort  Snelling 
Reservation,  did  not  cease  until  the  treaty  of  1837, 
which  was  ratified  by  the  Senate  in  1838.  and  by 
which  the  Indian  claim  to  all  lands  east  of  the 
Mississippi,  including  said  reservation,  ceased. 

In  1836,  before  the  Indian  title  ceased,  many 
settlers  located  on  the  reservation,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Mississippi. 

On  October  21st,  1839,  the  President  of  the 
United  States  issued  an  order,  by  virtue  of  the 


act  of  March  8d,  1807,  "  An  act  to  prevent  settle- 
ments being  made  on  lands  ceded  to  the  United 
States,  until  authorized  by  law,"  directing  the 
United  States  Marshal  to  remove  squatters  from 
the  Fort  Snelling  reserve,  and  if  necessary,  to  call 
on  the  commanding  officer  at  Fort  Snelling  for 
troops  to  assist  him  in  executing  his  order.  Ac- 
cordingly, on  the  6th  of  May,  1840,  a  few  of  these 
settlers,  having  received  the  necessary  notice, 
were  forcibly  removed  by  the  Marshal,  assisted 
by  IT.  S.  troops  from  the  fort. 

In  1837,  Mr.  Faribault  presented  a  claim  for 
Pike  Island,  part  of  the  reservation  purchased  by 
Lieutenant  Pike,  in  1805.  This  claim  was  based 
on  a  treaty  made  by  him  with  the  Dakotas  in 
1820. 

A  military  reservation  of  seven  thousand  acres, 
at  Fort  Snelling,  Minnesota,  was  set  aside  by  the 
President,  on  May  25th,  1853,  In  November  fol- 
lowing, the  President  amended  his  act  of  May 
25th,  and  reduced  the  reservation  to  about  six 
thousand  acres. 

The  first  map  of  the  Fort  Snelling  reserve  was 
made  by  1st  Lieutenant  James  W.  Abert,  Corps 
Engineer,  in  October,  1853. 

Pursuant  to  the  act  of  March  3d,  1857,  which 
extended  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  March  19th, 
1819,  authorizing  the  sale  of  certain  military  sites, 
the  Secretary  of  War  sold  the  Fort  Snelling 
reserve,  excepting  two  small  tracts,  to  Mr.  Frank- 
lin Steele. 

The  articles  of  agreement  between  the  board 
appointed  for  the  purpose  on  the  part  of  the 
United  States,  and  Mr.  Steele,  were  dated  June 
6th,  1857,  and  were  approved  on  the  second  day 
of  July  following.  The  reservation  and  build- 
ings thereon  were  sold  for  ninety  thousand  dol- 
lars, one-third  to  be  paid  on  July  10th,  1857,  and 
the  balance  in  two  equal  yearly  installments. 
The  first  payment  (§30.000)  was  actually  made, 
July  25th,  1857,  on  which  date  Mr.  Steele,  in  pur- 
suance of  military  authority,  took  possession  of 
'.  said  property.  The  troops  were  withdrawn  from 
the  post  previous  to  Mr.  Steele's  occupancy  there- 
of. Mr.  Steele  having  made  default  in  the  two 
remaining  payments,  the  United  States  entered 
into  possession  and  occupancy  of  the  reservation 
and  post,  on  April  23d,  1861. 

By  act  of  August  26th,  1862,  the  Fort  Snelling 
reservation  was  reduced  and  defined  as  follows  : 


164 


FOBT  SJS^ELLING. 


■'  Beginning  at  tlie  middle  of  the  channel  of  the 
Mississippi  ISiver  below  Pike's  Island  :  theme 
ascending  along  the  channel  of  said  river  in  such 
direction  as  to  include  all  the  islands  of  the 
river  to  the  mouth  of  IJrown's  Creek ;  thence  up 
said  creek  to  Kice  Lake  ;  thence  through  the 
middle  of  Rice  Lake  to  the  outlet  of  Lake  Ame- 
lia ;  thence  through  said  outlet  and  the  middle 
of  Lake  Amelia  to  the  outlet  of  Mother  Lake ; 
thence  through  said  outlet  and  the  middle  of 
Mother  Lake  to  the  outlet  of  Duck  Lake ;  thence 
through  said  outlet  and  the  middle  of  Duck  Lake 
to  the  southern  extremity  of  Duck  Lake;  thence 
in  a  line  due  south  to  the  middle  of  channel  of 
the  St.  Peter's  River;  thence  down  said  river  so 
as  to  include  all  the  islands  to  the  middle  of  the 
channel  of  the  Mississippi  River;  reservhig  fur- 
ther, for  military  purposes,  a  quarter  section  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  St.  Peter's  River,  at  the 
present  ferry,  and  also  a  quarter  section  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  present 
ferry  across  that  stream." 

^Ir.  Steele  presented,  on  February  tith.  1868,  a 
claim  against  the  United  States  government  for 
the  possession  and  occupancy  by  U.  S.  troops,  of 
said  post  and  reservation  ;  which  claim  exceeded 
in  amount  the  original  jiurchase  with  interest. 

By  act  of  May  7th.  1S70.  the  Secretary  of  "War 
was  authorized  "  To  select  and  set  apart  for  a 
permanent  military  post,  so  much  of  the  military 
reservation  of  Fort  Snelling,  not  less  than  one 
thousand  acres,  as  the  piiblic  interest  may  require 
for  that  purpose,  and  to  quiet  the  title  to  said 
reservation,  and  to  settle  all  claims  in  relation 
thereto,  and  for  the  use  and  occupation  thereof, 
upon  principles "  of  equity."  In  pursuance  of 
which  act,  the  Secretary  of  War  set  apart  for  a 
permanent  tuilitary  reservation  tifteen  hundred 
and  thirty-one  aiid  twenty  hundredths  acres,  de- 
fined as  follows : 

'■Beginning  at  a  point  where  the  south  line  of 
the  northeast  quarter  of  the  northeast  quarter  of 
section  thirty-two,  township  twenty-eight  north, 
of  range  twenty-three  west  of  the  fourth  jirinciiial 
meridian,  intersects  the  middle  of  the  main  chan- 
iiel  of  the  ^Sliiniesota  River ;  thence  west  to  the 
southwest  corner  of  the  northwest  quarter  of  sec- 
tion thirty-two.  town  and  range  aforesaid  ;  thence 
north  to  the  northwest  corner  of  section  twenty, 
town  and  range  aforesaid ;  thence  east  to  middle 


of  the  main  channel  of  the  Mississippi  River; 
thence  along  the  nuiin  channel  of  the  Mississippi 
River  and  the  confluence  of  the  ilississippi  and 
2*Iinnesota  rivers  at  the  head  of  Pike  Island  and 
the  middle  of  the  ^linnesota  River,  to  the  place 
of  beginning,  including  the  officers"  quarters.  l)ar- 
racks,  &c." 

A  reserve  of  ten  acres  granted  by  the  I'nited 
States  to  the  Catholic  Church  at  Mendota  for  a 
cemetery,  was  also  reserved.  Mr.  Steele  executed 
full  release  of  all  claim  whatsoever  to  this  prop- 
erty, and  for  the  use  or  ocoqiatiou  of  all  property 
sold  to  him  per  agreement  dated  June  6th,  1S57; 
in  consideration  of  which,  the  United  States  re- 
leased Mr.  Steele  from  all  indebtedness  on  the 
purchase  made  by  him.  and  granted  and  con- 
veyed to  him  the  remainder  of  the  so-called  Fort 
Snelling  reservation!  excepting  one  small  tract), 
which  is  defuied  as  follows ; 

'•  All  of  sections  nineteen,  thirty  and  thirty- 
one,  and  all  that  part  of  section  eigiiteen  lying 
south  of  Minnehaha  Creek,  and  all  that  part  of 
section  seventeen  lying  south  of  ilinnehaha 
Creek  and  west  of  the  ^klississippi  l^iver;  all  that 
portion  of  section  twenty,  lying  east  of  the  main 
chaimel  of  the  Mississippi  River,  including  the 
islands  east  of  said  main  channel,  and  the  south- 
west quarter  of  the  northwest  quarter,  and  all 
that  portion  of  the  southwest  quarter  and  of  the 
northwest  quarter  of  the  southeast  quarter  of  sec- 
tion twenty-one  which  lies  east  or  northeast  of 
the  main  channel  of  the  IMississippi  River,  and 
all  those  portions  of  sections  twenty-one,  twenty- 
two  and  twenty-eight  lying  on  Pike's  Island  (so- 
called)  behig  the  entire  island,  and  all  that  other 
portion  of  section  twenty-eight  which  lies  east 
and  south  of  the  Minnesota  River,  except  twenty 
acres,  being  the  south  half  of  the  southeast  quar- 
ter of  the  ni)rtheast  quarter  of  said  section,  the 
same  being  reserved  for  a  Catholic  Church  and 
burial  ground,  where  the  church  and  burial 
ground  now  are :  all  that  portion  of  the  south 
half  and  of  the  south  half  of  the  north  half 
of  section  thirt>-two  which  lies  west  or  north- 
west of  the  Minnesota  River;  all  the  above 
described  lands  being  in  township  twenty-eight 
north,  of  range  twenty-three  west  of  the  fourth 
principal  meridian.  Also  all  that  portion  of  sec- 
tion thirteen  lying  south  of  Minncliaha  and  Rice 
Lake  and  east  of  the  creek  running  between  said 


KEW  BUILDINGS  AND  DESCRIPTION. 


165 


Eice  Lake  and  Lake  Amelia  and  east  of  said 
Lake  Amelia,  and  all  land  in  section  twelve  that 
may  be  included  in  said  Ijoundaries.  All  of  sec- 
tion twenty-four  lying  east  of  the  western  bound- 
ary of  said  reservation  (-'reserve  selected")  and 
any  portion  of  section  twenty-three  that  lies  east 
of  the  creek  joining  Mother  Lake  and  Lake  Ame- 
lia, and  the  east  half  of  section  twenty-five  and 
the  east  half  of  section  thirty-six,  all  in  town- 
ship twenty-eight  north,  of  range  twenty-four 
west  of  the  fourth  meridian.  Also  all  that  por- 
tion of  section  five  which  lies  west  or  nortliwest 
of  the  ^Minnesota  River;  all  of  section  six;  all 
that  portion  of  section  seven  which  lies  north  of 
the  Minnesota  River,  and  all  those  portions  of 
section  eiglit  and  eighteen  which  lie  west  and 
north  of  the  Minnesota  River;  all  in  township 
twenty-seven  north,  of  range  twenty-three  west. 

Also  the  east  half  of  section  one,  and  the  east 
half  of  section  twelve,  and  all  that  jiortion  of  the 
east  half  of  section  thirteen  which  lies  north  and 
east  of  the  Minnesota  River;  all  in' township 
twenty-seven  north,  of  range  twenty-four  west. 

The  action  of  the  Secretary  of  War  in  selecting 
said  reservation  and  buildings  and  conveying  the 
above  specified  lands  to  ]\Ir.  Steele,  was  appi-o\ed 
by  the  President  on  January  4th,  1S71. 

A  stone  prison  was  erected  during  the  war  of 
tlie  rebellion,  which  is  now  used  as  a  commissary 
storehouse. 

The  old  stone  hospital  is  now  used  for  offices 
and  laundress'  quarters.  The  new  hospital  is 
just  completed. 

Fort  Snelling  is  situated  on  a  high  bluff  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  in  latitude  44  deg. 
52  min.  46  sec.  nortli.  and  longitude  93  deg.  4  min. 
54  sec.  west.    It  is  an  irregular  shaped  bastioned  { 
redoubt. 

A  wagon  road  rmis  entirely  around  the  post, 
and  is  eight  feet  below  the  parade  at  the  gorge, 
but  gradually  arrives  on  the  same  level  at  the 
shoulder  angle. 

The  old  post  is  almost  enclosed  by  five  Imild- 
ings,  and  in  form  is  nearly  a  rhombus,  with  a 
tower  at  each  angle. 

A  new  two-story  barracks  for  six  companies  of 
infantry  and  sixteen  sets  of  officers"  quarters, 
was  built  durhig  1878.  The  east  tower,  stone 
wall,  and  old  guard  house,  have  been  torn  down. 


The  commanding  officer's  quarters  have  been  re- 
modeled during  the  current  year. 

The  water  is  obtained  from  a  spring  about 
three-quarters  of  a  mile  from  the  post,  by  means 
of  water  wagons.  Water  is  also  obtained  from 
the  Minnesota  River,  being  forced  through  pipes 
by  an  engine,  into  a  large  tank  on  the  west  side 
of  the  parade  ground,  but  the  water  thus  obtained 
is  unfit  for  drinking  purposes.  During  extreme 
cold  weather  the  water  pipes  freeze  up,  rendering 
it  impossible  to  refill  the  tank  except  during  the 
open  weather. 

There  is  a  post-oflSce,  a  telegraph  office  and  a 
railroad  station  at  the  post. 
********** 

The  nearest  supply  depots  are  at  St.  Paul,  four 
miles  distant  from  the  post,  by  wagon  road,  and 
six  miles  by  railroad.  A  bridge  is  building  across 
the  Mississippi  River  at  the  post. 

Forage  and  fuel  are  obtained  by  contract.  The 
post  and  company  garden  supply  vegetables  for 
the  garrison. 

The  armament  consists  of  two  three-inch  rifled 
cannon,  with  carriages,  model  of  1861.  The 
present  strength  of  the  garrison  is  sixteen  com- 
missioned officers  and  three  luuidred  and  fourteen 
enlisted  men. 

It  is  impossible  to  obtain  from  the  records  of 
the  post,  the  various  expenditures  for  barracks 
and  quarters,  and  repairs  of  same,  for  any  definite 
period.  All  that  I  have  been  able  to  obtain  is 
that  thirty-five  thousand  dollars  (S35,000)  was 
appropriated  for  barracks  and  quarters  in  1878. 
It  is  presumed,  however,  tliat  the  required  in- 
formation can  be  obtained  at  the  Quartermaster 
ftenerars  office.  The  work,  practically,  (with 
few  exceptions),  has  been  performed  by  the  labor 
of  the  ti-oops,  and  the  cost  to  the  Government 
cannot  be  correctly  estimated. 

A  site  has  been  selected  on  the  Fort  Snelling 
reservation  nimu  which  to  erect  buildings  for  the 
Headquarters  of  the  Department. 

The  records  of  the  post  are  very  incomplete. 
It  seems,  from  all  attainable  evidence,  that  the 
records  were  removed  in  1857,  when  the  troops 
were  withdrawn,  and  have  not  been  returned. 
It  further  appears  that  these  records  had  not  been 
received  by  the  Adjutant  (ieneral  of  the  army 
prior  to  July  18th,  1866.  The  last  Board  of 
Officers  appointed  to  investigate  claims  on  the 


166 


FOBT  nyELLIXO. 


Fort  Snelling  resen'ation  met  pursuant  to  S.  O. 
No.  278  A.  G.  O.  dated  October  17tb,  1870.  I 
have  been  unable  to  find  any  general  order  re- 
ferring to  the  reservation  of  1853  or  1862.  or  re- 
ferring to  lands  sold  in  1857  and  1870. 

The  reservation  of  1870  was  announced  in 
(ieneral  Order  No.  66.  Adjutant  GeneraFs  office 
of  that  year,  and  was  firet  surveyed  by  Captain 
D.  P.  Heap.  Corps  of  Engiueei-s.  on  April  13th, 


1871.  A  new  line  for  the  southern  boundary  was 
run  by  First  Lieutenant  Edward  Maguire,  Corps 
of  Engineers,  on  May  7th,  1877. 

I  respectfully  submit  the  foregoing,  believing 
it  will  cover  a  few  of  the  points  required. 

I  am.  Sir,    Very  Respectfully  Your  obedient 
Servant,  S.  K.  Doi'glas. 

Second  Lieut.  7th  Infantrv. 


H I S  "J"  O  R  y 


HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


CHAPTEE  XXXI. 

INTRODUCTION  — 3I0UNDS  — INDIANS— EARLY 
MISSIONARIES — VOYAGEUHS— EARLY  EXPLO- 
RERS—MISSIONARIES— ONE  OF  THE  INDIAN 
BATTLES — NEW  MISSIONARIES. 

When  Livy  wrote  the  history  of  Home,  lie  was 
compelled  to  admit  that  facts  and  fiction  had 
become  so  intermingled  that  it  was  impossible  to 
distinguish  the  one  from  the  other.  The  legends 
of  the  past  were  such  a  mixture  of  facts,  mytho- 
logical superstitions  and  wild  fancies  that  it  was 
a  relief  to  reach  the  restful  word  "constat"  (it  is 
admitted),  and  Ihid  that  there  was  simie  ground 
ujion  which  all  agreed  and  could  stand  witli  firm 
feet. 

Though  tlie  settlement  of  Hennepin  county 
was  not  determined  by  the  flight  of  birds,  and 
though  there  was  no  barbarous  uncle  or  remark- 
able infants,  Romulus  and  Remus,  still  there  are 
always,  in  the  growth  and  settlement  of  any 
country,  fancies  and  superstitions  that  take  the 
form  of  traditions  and  bewilder  the  wisest  heads. 
The  machinery  of  the  shrewdest  Yankee  can 
never  so  completely  separate  a  mixture  of  wheat, 
cockle  and  pigeon  grass  that  it  can  be  said— here 
we  have  now  collected  all  the  wheat,  here  all  the 
cockle  and  here  all  the  pigeon  grass.  The  liistor- 
ian  who  delays  his  separating  process  until  after 
harvest,  must  have  a  like  experience  and  will  find 
many  a  kernel  of  cockle  among  his  wheat.  By 
beginning  thus  early,  before  the  first  settlers  have 
passed  away,  we  must  have  a  decided  advantage 
over  historians  who  grope  among  the  rubbish  of 
the  past,  sifting  and  screening  to  get  the  grains 
of  fact  as  pure  as  possible.    We  can  talk  to-day 


with  eye  witnesses  of  the  scenes  we  describe  and 
hope  thus  to  collect  and  preserve  in  almost  unal- 
loyed purity  the  treasures  of  history. 

It  must  not  be  supposed,  however,  that  the 
compilation  necessary  to  furnish  a  history,  such 
as  is  here  proposed,  is  an  easy  task.  Though  the 
files  of  ''the  Pi'ess"  afford  a  valuable  thesaurus 
of  hiformation,  still  many  choice  items  have 
never  found  their  way  to  the  columns  of  the 
newspaper  and  are  accidentally  unearthed  by  the 
historical  explorer  as  he  pokes  about,  as  little 
noticed  by  the  busy  citizen  as  the  ragpicker,  who 
with  sack  and  hook  is  exploring  the  ash  barrel  in 
the  rear  of  the  merchants"  store.  Out  of  a  vast 
amount  of  material  gatliered  by  the  persistent 
efforts  of  these  collectors,  we  purpose  to  furnish 
to  the  public  such  part  as  ought  to  be  kept  in 
mind  by  the  present  and  future  inliabitants  of 
this  county,  and  besides  furnish  entertainment  to 
those  who  would  simply  while  away  an  hour 
among  the  interesting  things  of  the  past,  com- 
paring the  old  with  the  new. 

MOUNDS. 

Although  we  are  enabled  to  furnish  facts  that 
cannot  be  questioned  in  reference  to  the  settle- 
ment of  Ileimepin  county  by  white  men.  still 
there  are,  even  in  this  new  country,  many  old 
things  and  many  mysteries  that  can  never  be  ex- 
plained—mounds built  by  a  people  whom  we  can 
never  know,  whose  history  can  never  be  com- 
mitted to  paper.  There  are  many  mounds  in  this 
county  and  we  here  give  them  a  passmg  notice. 

Archaeologists  have  divided  mounds  into  tlie 
following  classes:  "  Altar  or  Sacrificial  Moiuids,"' 
"Mounds  of  Sepulture"  (or  burial),  "Temple 
Mounds,"  and '-Mounds  of  Observation,"      Be- 


1(58 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


sides  these  the>'  have  found  moiiuds  that  do  not 
a(hnit  of  classitication  under  any  of  these  heads — 
mounds  of  curious  shapes,  having  such  forms  as 
defy  conjecture  as  to  their  use. 

These  wise  heads  have  spent  much  time  ui  con- 
jecture, and  much  in  measurement,  with  mathe- 
matical instruments,  to  determine  data  tliat  w  ill 
suit  their  fanciful  theories. 

It  is  not  our  pm'pose  in  this  pajier  to  discuss 
the  antiquity  of  these  mounds,  or  to  speculate  on 
their  character.  Little  attention  has  been  paid 
to  the  ver\  numerous  mounds  found  in  the 
county.  It  may  be  safe,  however,  to  class  them 
all.  at  a  venture,  mider  the  head  of  ilounds  of 
Sepulture.  The  investigations  made  have  re- 
vealed little  except  bones,  and  the  evidence  of 
great  antiquity  is  not  very  clear. 

This  method  of  burial  was  certainly  in  use  in 
recent  times  among  our  Indian  triljes.  Jonathan 
Carver,  in  a  letter  found  in  this  volume,  speaks 
of  visithig  a  mound  near  St.  Paul,  in  1767.  and 
witnessing  the  Indian  burial.  The  custom  of  this 
imaginative  people  was  to  place  the  bodies  of 
their  dead  upon  high  stagings,  overlooking  lakes, 
rivers  or  beautiful  scfnery.  which  the\  woidd 
enjoy  if  living,  and  leave  them  there,  until  at 
certain  intervals,  they  collected  the  remains  for 
burial  in  the  mounds.  Mounds  in  this  count\ 
are  found  overlooking  the  water  of  all  the  princi- 
pal lakes  and  rivers  scattered  through  its  various 
townships.  As  we  can  never  write  the  history 
of  the  builders,  we  will  leave  the  subject  tofutme 
explorers  and  more  fertile  imaginations. 

IXDI.\XS. 

After  the  Mound  Builders  come  the  Indians 
in  the  occupation  of  the  county.  If,  as  has  been 
claimed,  the  Mound  Builders  were  the  Indians, 
they  must  have  been  earlier  settlers  of  tribes  now 
extinct  or  driven  further  south.  The  present 
tribes  of  Indians,  at  least,  come  after  the  Mound 
Builders.  The  fanciful  names,  wild  natures  and 
curious  legends  of  this  people,  will  always  be 
associated  with  much  that  is  poetic,  grand  and 
brave. 

The  early  settlers  of  ilinnesota.  however,  will 
hold  the  Indian  in  execration,  and  so.  too,  their 
children's  children  for  many  generations,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  massacre  of  1862.  AVe  must, 
liowever,  refer  the  reader  to  the  chapters,  "  Habits 


I  of  the  Tribes"  and    -.Massacre  of  1862 
I  earlier  in  the  volume. 


found 


E.\RLY   MISSIOX.VRIES. 

It  must  be  left  to  the  imagination  of  the  reader 
i  to  picture  many  of  the  hazardous  experiences 
I  and   narrow  escapes  of  the  early  missionaries, 
which  can  never  be  written.    Their  motto.  ••  Ad 
^   majorem  dei  (jloriani  ".  often  exposed  them  to  the 
tomahawk  and  scalping  knife  of  the  Indian,  or  to 
hardships  and  exposures  under  which  they  could 
but  die.     The  indefatigable  explorer  is  still  find- 
ing new  facts  to  add  to  the  already  rich  store. 

I  voY.-^GErus. 

Agaui  fancy  may  run  riot  among  the  stories  of 
the  ■■Yoyageurs"  who.  making  the  love  of  adven- 
ture their  highway  to  happiness,  spent  weeks  and 
months  in  dalliance  witli  Indian  maidens.     Facts 
;  in  regard  to  these  adventures  are  coming  to  the 
I  knowledge  of  the  explorer  among  the  curious 
things  of  the  past.    Fancy  need  not  be  very  wild 
that  discovers,  on  the  streets  of  our  great  cities, 
I  half-breeds,  bearing  unmistakable  marks  of  noble 
parentage.     The  fact  that  Frenchmen .  frequently 
descendants  from  noble  families,  but  of  liroken 
fortunes,  cohabited  with  the  Dakota  squaws,  rais- 
ing up  sometimes  large  families,  is  freely  admitted. 
These   half  breeds,  while  in  many  instances 
bearing  the  impress  of  nobility  in  countenances, 
having  the  high  cheek  bones  and  coarse  hair  of 
the  natives,  were  often  much  more  reckless  than 
their  sires.    For.  we  are  assured,  that  their  adven- 
turous sires  frequently  solemnized  by  a  veritable 
marriage,  contracts  midertaken  at  first  for  the 
diversion  of  an  hour.    Their  consciences,  how- 
ever, were  rather  elastic,  for  the  existence  of  such 
marriages  in  their  wanderings,  seems  not  to  have 
interfered   with   others,  contracted  at  home,  or 
with  new  ones  entered  into  for  convenience  or 
diversion  at  some  new  camp. 

The  progeny  belonged  neither  to  the  one  race 
nor  the  other,  and  since  they  could  not  be  ac- 
knowledged, cared  for  and  educated  by  the 
enlightened  partner  to  the  contract  without  ex- 
posing him  to  shame,  were  left  to  become  breeders 
of  strife  and  contention  among  the  tribes.  This 
is  one  of  the  evils  that  proves  that  "The  effect  of 
contact  of  the  simple  minded  savage  with  the 
deeper  and  higher  life  of  the  intruder  is  fraught 
with  danger  to  both." 


EXl'LOKEliN  AyV  MISSIOyAHIES. 


169 


EARLY  EXPLORERS. 

Fatlier  Louis  Hennepin,  born  in  Inlanders,  in 
1640,  liefame  a  missionary  to  Canada,  in  1670.  He 
accompanied  La  Salle  in  his  exploration  of  the 
great  lakes,  the  upper  Mississippi  and  its  tribu- 
taries. His  "  Description  de  la  Louisane"  pub- 
lislied  in  1688.  and  a  similar  work  published  in 
1697.  are  said  to  do  more  credit  to  Ids  imagination 
tlian  to  his  priestly  character.  In  spite  of  tlie 
claim  tliat  tliey  contain  many  falsities,  both  pub- 
lications are  esteemed  by  las  supjjorters  and 
the  traducers  of  his  veracity.  In  1680,  he  dis- 
covered the  Falls  of  St.  Antliony,  but  robbed 
them  of  a  beautiful  Indian  name.  "  Kakabika 
Irara,"  (severed  rock,  curling  water)  and  sul)sti- 
tuted  the  name  of  his  patron  saint.  Le  Sueur 
and  Faribault  were  also  distinguished  explorers 
coming  soon  after  Fatlier  Hennepin.  Next  comes 
Captain  Jolm  Dtduth,  in  1760,  also  Nicollet. 
Schoolcraft,  Catlin  and  Featherstonhaugh.  Ac- 
counts of  these  explorers  will  be  found  in  another 
part  of  the  work.  They  were  valual)le  contril)u- 
tors  to  the  information  of  their  day  and  also 
contributed  to  the  growth  of  the  territory  and 
subsequently,  of  the  State  by  their  glowing  de- 
scriptions of  its  resources  and  healtlifid  climate. 

Jonatlian  Carver,  in  1767,  exhibited  liere,  what 
many  a  genuine  Yankee  has  done  elsewhere,  good 
speculating  qualities.  He  was  tlie  tir.st  of  tlie 
numerous  land  speculators.  He  roamed  about 
much  with  a  keen  eye  to  the  main  chance,  while 
he  at  the  same  time  took  in  the  scenery,  tlie  fu- 
ture probabilities,  and  ventured  various  prophe- 
cies for  the  future  of  the  state,  predicting  that 
wliat  is  now  St.  Paul  would  soon  liave  eastern 
and  western  communication.  His  notes  and  de- 
scriptions are  valuable. 

3IISSI0N.\R1ES. 

Passing  over  the  experiences  of  tlie  earliest 
missionaries,  French  .Jesuits — of  whom  sufficient 
notice  will  lie  found  in  the  preceding  early  liistory 
of  Minnesota,  by  Rev.  E.  L).  Neill— we  shall  no- 
tice briefly  the  missionaries  wlio,  though  late, 
compared  with  Father  Hemiepin  and  the  Jesuit 
missionaries  accompanying  the  traders  and  voya- 
genrs,  are  really  early  in  the  progress  and  settle- 
ment of  the  county.  In  a  manuscript  found  at 
Fort  Ridgely,  and  only  partially  preserved,  writ- 
ten by  James  W.  Lynde,  one  of  tlie  first  victims 


of  the  Indian  massacre  of  1862,  are  found  these 
words  in  regard  to  tlie  missionary  work;  "  It  has 
been,"  says  Mr.  Lynde.  '■  a  ceasless  and  untiring 
effort  to  promote  their  welfare  ";  also.  ■'  The  in- 
i  fluence  of  the  mission  among  the  Uakotas  has 
ever  been  of  a  direct  and  energetic  character. 
Tlie  first  efforts  of  the  mission  were  directed 
more  to  the  christianizing  than  to  the  civilizing 
of  the  Sioux  ;  but  of  late  the  missionaries,  though 
their  exertions  in  the  former  respect  are  not  at 
all  abated,  have  been  more  earnest  in  their  en- 
deavors to  teach  the  Indians  to  plant  and  till." 
Mr.  Riggs,  however,  in  commenting  on  this  pas- 
sage, claims  that  the  fruits  of  the  teaching  began 
to  show  in  later  years,  but  tliat  the  Bible  car- 
ries with  it  the  plow  and  the  hoe,  and  tliat  the 
missionaries  were  continually  aiming  to  introduce 
industrial  and  mainly  agricultural  habits  among 
the  Indians. 

Two  brothers,  who  afterwards  were  ordained 
clergymen,  S.  W.  and  G.  11.  Pond,  were  the  first 
missionaries  to  settle  in  the  Territory.  They 
came,  in  1834,  from  Connecticut.  They  threw 
great  zeal  into  their  work,  laboring  equally  for 
the  good  of  the  white  man  and  tlie  red.  Their 
I  earnest  lives,  their  Christian  example  and  Instruc- 
j  tion  came  to  exercise  an  important  moulding  in- 
I  fluence  on  the  moral  and  religious,  and  also  on 
the  material  fortunes  of  the  State.  Setting  out  as 
tliey  did,  witliout  the  patronage  of  any  mission- 
ary association,  theirs  may  be  called  a  purely 
Christian  enterprise.  S.  W.  Pond,  by  corres- 
pondence from  Illinois,  where  he  was  located, 
with  his  brother,  (iideon  II.,  who  still  lived  in 
the  old  Connecticut  honip,  planned  this  private 
missionary  work. 

On  the  east  shore  of  Lake  Calliiiuu  they  liuilt 
a  log  house.  This  was  the  first  house  erected  by 
a  private  citizen  within  the  county.  They  did 
the  work  with  their   own    hands. 

These  men  were  simply  laymen  l)ut  had  been 
well  educated.  Tliey  were  soon  at  work  pursii- 
iug  acquaintance  with  the  Uakotas,  their  purpose 
1)eing  to  secure  a  thorough  knowledge  of  their 
language  iiiid  modes  of  life.  Mr.  (iideon  II. 
Pond  was  eminently  successful  in  this  and  ob- 
tained a  very  complete  knowledge  of.  and  was 
regarded  as  an  authority  on  Dakota  habits  and 
language.     With   tills    in    view,  he    sometimes 


170 


HISTORY  OF  HEXXEPIX  COUXTr. 


attached  himself  to  their  hunting  parties,  making 
long  expeditions  with  these  wild  tribes. 

The  Dakotas  were  an  association  of  the  fiercest 
tribes  of  Xortli  American  Indians.  The  Jesuit 
missionaries  liad  long  before  abandoned  all 
attempts  to  tame  their  wild  natures.  Mr.  Pond 
has  given  many  thrilling  accounts  of  the  devilish 
scenes  to  which  he  was  a  witness  in  the  battles 
between  the  Dakotas  and  Chippewas.  Similar 
scenes,  re-enacted  in  1862.  when  white  settlers 
were  the  victims  of  the  tomahawk  and  scalping 
knife,  have  given  the  inhabitants  of  Minnesota 
a  just  abhorrence  of  the  Sioux  and  their  savage 
traits.  Men  are  still  living  who  have  taken  an 
oath,  as  sacred  as  the  ancient  oaths  of  conspir- 
ators, sealed  with  blood,  to  ^•Hunl  and  tthoot  Ind- 
iana wherever  thei/  may  he  frnind."  Though  we 
may  call  such  retaliation  im-christiau  and  even 
murderous,  let  each  man  take  home  the  provoca- 
tion and  imagine  similar  outrages  perpetrated  on 
his  ovni  family,  before  lie  passes  judgment. 

Here  is  a  scene  of  August.  1838.  which  was  one 
of  the  introductory  experiences  that  taught  Mr. 
Pond  the  character  of  this  tierce  people.  We  give 
facts  condensed  from  Xeill's  account. 

Peace  and  friendly  interchanges  had  taken 
place  between  the  ("hippewas.  or  Ojibways.  of 
Canada,  and  the  Dakotas.  or  Sioux,  of  Minnesota, 
only  a  few  months  before  tlie  bloody  acts,  here 
reported,  were  enacted.  This  fact  shows  the 
ti'eacherous  character  of  the  tribes  and  how  little 
dependence  could  be  placed  on  the  smoking  of 
the  calumet.  Mr.  Pond  had  joined  a  hunting 
party,  consisting,  according  to  Indian  custom,  of 
braves,  squaws  and  papooses.  During  the  ab- 
sence of  Mr.  Pond  and  a  large  division  of  the 
Indian  party,  several  Chippewas  came  to  the 
lodges,  and  were  hospitably  entertained  and  treat- 
ed witli  Indian  marks  of  respect,  in  accordance 
with  the  spirit  oiE  the  existing  treaty.  During 
the  night,  the  guests  arose  and  scalped  the 
Dakotas.  even  including  women  and  children. 
Among  the  few  to  escape  was  a  mother  with  her 
papoose.  In  the  flight,  the  child  perhaps  saved 
the  mother's  life,  for  it  received  the  death  missle 
that  might  have  proved  fatal  to  her.  She  notified 
the  other  division  of  tlie  party,  and  they  quickly 
returned  to  witness  a  dreadful  scene.  Several 
had  been  killed,  sleeping,  while  others  had  evi- 
dently engaged  in  the  death  struggle.    Mr.  Pond's 


eyes  were  liere  opened  to  the  fierce  character  of 
the  people  whom  he  had  come  to  draw  by  cords 
of  love  to  embrace  the  ••  Gospel  of  peace."  He 
assisted  in  digging  a  grave  into  which  they 
gathered  the  severed  limbs,  heads  and  mangled 
bodies  of  the  Dakotas.  As  he  turned  away, 
sickened,  from  the  sight,  it  must  have  required 
a  brave  heart  to  hold  liim  to  his  work.  This  act 
of  bad  faitli  began  a  series  of  similar  atrocities, 
undertaken,  on  the  one  side  or  the  other,  by  Chip- 
pewa or  Dakota,  in  retaliation.  In  some  of  these 
attacks,  the  white  settlers  were  also  sufferers. 
Cotdd  Mr.  Pond  have  looked  forward,  about 
thirty  years,  and  seen  the  wholesale  slaughter  of 
1862,  perpetrated  by  these  same  savages,  w-ho  were 
then  friendly  to  him  — could  he  have  believed 
that,  after  the  labors  of  many  years,  both  by  him. 
Mr.  Riggs.  Dr.  "Williamson  and  a  host  of  others, 
sent  here  to  preach  the  Gospel — that  these  tribes 
would,  at  a  later  day.  break  out  witli  greater 
ferocity  than  ever,  it  seems  almost  certain  that 
he  would  have  abandoned  his  work  as  the  Jesuit 
missionaries  had  done  before  him. 

It  seems  as  if  our  government  would  never 
awake  to  a  realization  of  the  fact  that  this  anom- 
oly  of  tribes,  having  governments  independent 
of  the  central  government  at  Washington,  can 
never  be  productive  of  good,  either  to  the  central 
government,  or  to  the  wheels  within  the  wheels, 
the  tribes  tliemselves. 

Treaties  were  made  with  the  Ojibwas  and  with 
the  Dakotas  in  1837.  That  with  the  Ojibwas  was 
effected  by  (tov.  Dodge  of  Wisconsin.  Altliough. 
by  the  terms  of  this  treaty,  the  right  of  the  Ind- 
ians to  the  land  ceased,  still  they  continued  to 
roam  over  it  or  occupy  it  at  will,  uninterrupted 
by  the  government,  since  they  offered  no  hostility 
to  the  whites.  Their  tribal  wars,  however,  con- 
tinued, causing  at  times  great  uneasiness  and 
alarm  to  the  few  settlers.  We  give  here  a  brief 
account  of 

ONE  OF  THE  BATTLES 

of  which  Mr.  Pond  speaks,  in  order  to  emphasize 
further  the  ferocity  of  the  tribes,  and  because 
the  scene  was  laid  in  tliis  county.  The  line  of 
pamted  warriors  marched  over  what  is  now  the 
most  populous  pail  of  the  county,  holding  a  war 
council  within  the  territory  now  covered  by  the 
city  of  Minneapohs.    It  happened  in  July,  1839. 


INDIAN  BATTLES  AND  NEW  MISSIONABIES. 


171 


There  was  a  Sioux  village  on  tlie  west  shore  of 
Lake  Calhoun  which,  from  its  lodges,  was  esti- 
mated to  contain  about  five  hundred  souls.  Their 
old  enemies,  the  Chippewas,  were  encamped  in 
strong  force  further  north,  on  the  Rum  River, 
near  where  Anoka  now  stands,  and  so,  just  out- 
side the  limits  of  the  county.  The  distance  be- 
tween the  camps  was  about  twenty -five  miles. 
The  Chippewas  were  usually  the  aggressors  in  the 
tribal  wars  and  were,  according  to  our  judgment, 
more  tricky  and  more  ready  to  break  the  treaties, 
which  the  whites  had  induced  them  to  make 
with  each  otlier.  In  the  present  instance,  a  party 
of  Chippewas,  skulking  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
Sioux  village,  at  Lake  Harriet,  encountered  Ru- 
pa-co-ka-ma-za,  son  of  the  chief  and  nephew  of 
Redbird.  killed  and  scalped  him  and  made  good 
their  retreat.  The  murderous  act  was  at  once 
reported  at  the  village  and  the  Sioux  blood  was 
roused  to  white  heat  for  retaliation.  Summon- 
ing their  allies  from  neighboring  villages,  they 
met  for  a  final  council  on  the  east  bank  of  the 
Mississippi  just  above  Nicollet  Island.  They 
there  went  thrf)ugh  their  Indian  mummery  and, 
before  niglitfall.  set  out.  four  hundred  strong. 
to  make  a  night  march  and  fall  on  their  enemies 
at  dawn. 

The  expedition  was  successsful.  They  sur- 
prised and  defeated  a  body  of  Chip))ewas,  superior 
to  them  in  number  of  warriors.  The  Sioux,  how- 
ever, lost  lieavily  and  Redbird  and  his  son  were 
among  the  slain.  One  squaw  is  reported  to  have 
attended  the  march  of  the  avengers,  to  wreak  on 
the  enemy  vengeance  for  the  death  of  her  hus- 
band. They  returned  to  the  village  about  night, 
the  day  of  the  battle.  Seventy  scalps  were  dis- 
played on  the  pole  in  the  centre  of  the  village  as 
soon  as  they  returned.  Night  after  night,  they 
repeated  the  scalp  dance.  Mr.  I'ond.  who  lived 
on  the  other  side  of  the  lake,  described  their 
orgies  as  the  most  heathenish  and  demoniacal 
ceremonies.  They  made  night  hideous  for  the 
few  white  settlers. 

It  is  humiliating  to  admit  that  this  was  enacted 
within  the  territory  of  the  United  States  and 
under  Ignited  States  jurisdiction,  within  the 
memory  of  many  men  now  living.  How  much 
more  humiliating  to  admit  that  such  scenes  are 
repeated  to-day  among  the  many  tribes  whom  it 
pleases  our  government  to  recognize  as  independ- 


ent. The  solution  of  the  ditficuit  Indian  question 
ought  to  be,  what  of  late  has  been  offered  to  the 
Poncas.  viz.,  the  homestead  right  with  an  added 
provision,  requiring  the  breaking  up  of  these 
lawless  bands,  rendering  every  Indian  amenable, 
like  other  citizens  to  the  laws,  wliose  protection 
he  enjoys  and  whose  bounty  he  receives. 

NEW    MISSIONAlilES. 

Rev.  Thomas  S.  Williamson.  M.  1)..  a  native  of 
South  Carolina  and  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Col- 
lege, Pennsylvania,  who  had  been  practicing  med- 
icine in  Ohio  previous  to  his  ordination  as  a  cler- 
i  gyman.  was  sent  out  by  the  American  Board  of 
I  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions.    The  Board 
desired  to  learn  through  him  if  they  had  any  call 
'  for  labor  here.    His  report  induced  them  to  send 
I  to  his  assistance  Rev.  .1.  I).  Stevens,  a  native  of 
New  York,  and  Alexander  Iluggins.  a  farmer, 

with  their  wives,  also,   as  teachers.  Miss  Sarah 

I 
Poage  and  Miss  Lucy  Stevens.     This  band   of 

;  recruits  arrived  at  Fort  Snelling.  in  183.5,  and 
!  during  that  summer  Dr.  Williamson  organized  a 
Presbyterian  church  at  the  fort.  Rev.  Mr. 
Stevens  located  and  built  his  house  at  Lake  Har- 
riet, near  the  property  of  Eli  Pettijohn.  Tlie 
rest  of  the  party  set  out  for  the  post  of  the  trader 
!  Renville,  and  located  at  Lac  qui  Parle.  The 
Ponds  soon  joined  hands  with  the  new  comers 
and  the  work  went  on  prosperously,  having  the 
support  of  the  American  Board  of  Commission- 
ers for  Foreign  Missions. 

In  the  summer  of  183.5,  on  the  second  Sabbath 
in  June,  the  organization  of  the  church  at  Fort 
Snelling  took  place,  the  first  in  Hennepin  county. 
The  commiuiion  was  administered  on  the  same 
day,  for  the  first  time  in  Minnesota.  Twenty- 
two  members  recieved  the  sacred  emblems.  The 
missionaries  from  tlie  lake,  a  few  settlers  from 
Mendota  and  some  of  the  garrison  of  the  fort 
made  up  this  number.  The  elders  of  the  church 
were  Col.  Gustavus  Loomis,  Hon.  H.  H.  Sibley, 
tlien  a  young  man  in  charge  of  tlie  trading  post 
at  Mendota,  A.  (J.  Iluggins  and  S.  W.  Pond. 

The  First  Presbyterian  church  in  MinneapoUs. 
of  which  D.  M.  Stewart.  D.  D..  is  pastor,  is  a 
continuation  or  perpetuation  of  the  old  churcli  at 
the  fort.  It  was  reorganized  in  Minneapolis 
May  22d,  18-53,  but  dates  its  first  organization  at 
Fort  Snelling,  June  14th,  183.5.     In  1837,  Rev. 


172 


mSTOBY  OF  HEXXEPIX  COl'XTT. 


Stephen  R.  Riggs,  a  graduate  of  the  same  college 
as  Dr.  Williamson.  Jeffereon  College.  Pennsylva- 
nia, came  with  his  wife  to  strengthen  the  mission. 

In  the  Slimmer  of  1835.  Rev.  J.  I).  Stevens,  witli 
tlie  assistance  of  tlie  ilessi-s.  Pond,  built  a  house 
in  the  woods  on  the  west  shore  of  Lake  Harriet. 
In  this  house,  in  the  autumn  of  tliat  year,  a  daugh- 
ter was  born  to  Mr.  Stevens,  the  first  white  cliild 
born  in  this  vicinity.  In  the  spring  of  1836, 
Gideon  H.  Pond  fetumed  to  Connecticut,  where 
he  remained  a  year,  and  returned  an  ordained 
clergyman.  He  remained  at  the  Lake  Harriet 
Mission  several  years  after  his  return.  Rev.  ilr. 
Riggs.  who  joined  the  mission,  as  stated,  in  1837. 
moved  to  Lac  qui  Parle  in  the  autumn  of  the 
same  year.  Mr.  Stevens  remained  only  to  the 
following  fall.  1838.  when  he  moved  to  "Wabasha 
Prairie  as  Indian  farmer. 

The  subsequent  settlement  of  Hennepin  coun- 
ty *as  principally  from  the  good  old  Xew  Eng- 
land stock  by  men  who  came  to  establish  family 
altars  and  build  churches. 

Xew  Englanders  have  been  called  the  ••  Salt 
of  theEartli"  in  whatever  state  tliey  liave  located. 
They  have  given  tone  to  society  and  modified 
the  government,  the  religion  and  the  politics. 
The  men  have  been  men  of  pluck  and  spirit,  and 
the  women  strong  minded  encnigh  to  assert  their 
position  and  maintain  tlie  right,  and  the  rites 
they  brought  from  the  East.  They  have  been 
the  salt  of  Miraiesota.  In  fact,  to  follow  out  the 
figure  chemically,  salts  of  all  kinds,  when  dif- 
fused, or  held  in  solution,  tend  to  crystalize  in 
certain  fixed  forms.  .So  it  is  with  the  Xew  Eng- 
landers. Their  entei-prise  carries  them  to  every 
state.  They  are  found  diffused  through  all 
societies.  Wherever  they  settle,  blood  tells,  prin- 
ciple prevails,  they  crystallize  in  Xew  England 
forms.  We  have  New  England  forms  of  society, 
education  and  religion,  Xew  England  wives, 
mothers  and  Xew  England  homes.  In  tlie  city 
of  Minneapolis  alone  there  are  tifty-one  cliurclies 
and  fifty-eight  churcli  organizations. 

The  ambitious  strife  for  splendor  in  church 
architecture  is  as  infectious,  to  say  the  least,  as 
the  more  homely  Good  Samaritan  doctrines 
whicli  the  vaulted  roofs  were  built  to  disseminate. 
This  infection  has  reached  this  new  country.  It 
exhibits  itself  in  models  of  architecture,  already 
completed,  and  ill  vast  piles  now  rising  to  be- 
come rival  structures. 


CHAPTER   XXXII. 

EARLY  SETTLERS — AGRICULTURE — NEW  SET- 
TLERS —  THE  RESERVATION  —  THE  EQUAL 
RIGHT  AXD  IMPARTIAL  PROTECTION  CLAIM 
ASSOCIATION  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY.  M.  T. — 
GROWTH — N.\MES  OF  THE  OLDER  SETTLERS 
—EXTENDING  AND  MULTIPLYING  SETTLE- 
MENTS—FINANCIAL  PROGRESS. 

Churehes  can  not  grow  faster  than  population 
comes  to  build  and  support  them.  We  must 
now  see  who  the  settlers  were,  that  came  in  to 
build  up  the  churches  and  establish  industries  to 
sustain  them.  The  foundation  of  all  industries 
is  Ayricidtioe.  The  cultivation  of  the  soil  is  the 
•  only  employment  that  is  directly  creative  of 
wealth.  The  farmer  takes  a  piece  of  land  which 
yielded  nothing  without  care.  His  care  makes  it 
productive  of  hundreds  of  dollare  each  year.  In 
'  other  words,  he  creates  value  from  what  was  val- 
ue-less.while'every  otherindustry  contributes  value 
to  the  country  by  changes  which  it  effects  in  the 
material  furnished.  Minnesota  has  come  to  be 
acknowledged  as  the  wlieat  growing  state  of  the 
Union. 

It  will  be  interesting  to  note  the  growth  of 
agriculture  in  this  county,  and  see  who  the  early 
settlers  were,  that  came  to  develop  it. 

As  migratory  birds,  flying  both  north  and 
south  over  the  State,  stop  here  on  their  way  from 
the  north,  and  again,  at  the  proper  season,  com- 
ing from  the  south,  give  us  a  call,  so  it  has  been 
witli  the  settlei-s.  They  have  dropped  in  on  us 
both  from  the  north  and  from  the  south.  Curi- 
ously, the  first  settlers  came,  like  the  fall  feath- 
ered visitors,  from  the  north.  They,  however, 
only  stopped  to  oil  their  plumage,  and  moved  on 
south.  Our  subsequent  settlers  came  mainly 
from  the  east,  or  farther  south,  and  came  to  stay. 
We  sliall  see  who  both  classes  were  as  tlie  cliapter 
advances.  The  early  attempts  at  agriculture  in 
Hennepin  county  were  not  characterized  by  those 
features  that  mark  the  beginnings  in  countries  or 
states,  bearing  earlier  dates  of  settlement.  We 
cannot  entertain  the  reader  by  descriptions  of 
crude  implements  such  as  wooden  plows,  but 
must  admit  that  our  pioneers  were  blessed  with 
many  of  the  modem  improvements  of  scientific 
farming. 


THE  SWISS  COLONY  AND  NEW  SETTLERS. 


173 


We  can  only  claim  for  the  tiist,  courage  to  try  the 
experiment  of  farming  in  so  inclement  a  climate, 
during  so  short  a  season  as  the  summer  was  found 
to  continue. 

Lieut.  Camp  was  called  plucky,  for  testing  it, 
but  his  first  attempt  proved  successful.  lie  made 
the  experiment,  in  1823,  at  Fort  Snelling.  His 
success  was  very  important  to  the  future  of  the 
State,  for,  though  several  years  passed,  before  the 
example  was  followed  l)y  others,  Philamler 
Prescott,  employed  as  Indian  farmer,  undertook 
farming,  near  Lake  Calhoun.  This  was  in 
1830,  and  the  first  plowing,  outside  tlie  fort. 
Soon  after,  others  followed.  Tlic  scttki-xfivm  the- 
north,  came  in  1826.  A  colony,  forced  from  their 
tirst  settlement,  near  Hudson  Bay.  by  an  unusual 
Hood,  settled  under  the  protecting  wing  of  Fort 
Snelling.  This  colony  embraced  only  Swiss.  Tlie 
names  of  a  few-  of  them  given  are  Perry,  Garvais 
and  Massey.  Perry  is  (lescril)ed  as  a  great  owner 
of  cattle,  and  was  called,  in  consequence,  the 
•'  Abraham ''  of  this  region.  The  purpose  of  gov- 
ernment Military  Posts  seems  to  have  been  inter- 
preted in  one  way  1)y  these  settlers,  and  in  ciuite 
another  by  the  officers  of  the  government.  These 
settlers  accused  the  officers,  of  the  fort,  of  exerci- 
sing arbitrary  and  tyrannical  power,  and  thus 
frustrating  one  purpose  of  a  fort,  viz.,  affording 
protection  and  encouragement  to  settlers.  This 
view  was  sustained  by  subsequent  settlers,  who, 
like  these  Swiss,  wished  to  settle  as  squatters  on 
the  reservation.  The  officers  of  the  fort,  how- 
ever, had  definite  orders  from  the  United  States 
Marshal,  to  remove  squatters  from  the  Fort 
Snelling  Keserve.  In  accordance  with  this  order, 
instead  of  fostering  this  colony,  they  subjected 
them  to  persecution,  even  proceeding  so  far  as  to 
burn  their  buildings.  At  last,  in  1S36-7,  they 
were  compelled  to  abandon  lands  where  they  had 
made  their  homes  for  about  ten  years.  Mr.  Perry 
moved  to  the  present  site  of  St.  Paul,  taking  his 
cattle  with  him,  and  remained  there  until  his 
death.  Some  moved  to  other  points  in  this  terri- 
tory, and  others  to  the  territory  of  Wisconsin. 
Such  treatment  of  emigrants  who  settled  near  the 
fort,  operated  to  discourage  rapid  settlement. 

NEW   SETTLERS. 

The  arrival  of  Col.  John  II.  Stevens,  with  a 
party  of  settlers,  in  April,  1841),  was  an  important 


event.  Col.  Stevens  was  the  first  settler  in  Min- 
neapolis. The  party,  consisting  of  ten.  stopped 
first  at  St.  Paul,  but  soon  set  out,  on  foot,  to  ex- 
amine tlie  Canaan  of  their  liopes,  determined  to 
make  this  their  future  home.  Br.  William  Dyer, 
a  young  physician,  who  subsecjuently  became  dis- 
tinguished in  his  profession,  Alfred  Courtwright, 
a  successfid  teacher,  and  seven  f.irmers.  with  the 
Colonel,  constituted  the  i)art.\ . 

When  they  reached  Fort  Snelling.  they,  like  all 
their  predecessors,  coveted  the  forbidden  fruit — 
the  land  in  the  reservation.  They  pressed  on, 
however,  and  were  fully  satisfied  to  settle  at  St. 
Anthony,  wliere  the  land  was  open  for  occupancy. 
Only  two  of  this  famous  party  remained  to  wit- 
ness the  sul)se(pient  marvellous  growth  of  this 
county,  but  from  them  we  learn,  the  country 
charmed  them,  beyond  any  thing  they  had  ever 
seen.  They  forgot  their  fatigue  in  admiration  of 
the  view  before  them.  The  inroads  of  civilization, 
at  that  time,  were  too  few  to  change  materiall) 
the  primeval  character  of  the  scenery.  On  the 
government  reservation,  on  the  west  bank,  was 
the  old  mill,  and  here  and  there  a  log  house  on 
the  east  side.  These  were  tlie  only  marks  of  civ- 
ilization on  the  scene.  The  scenery  about  the 
falls  seems  to  have  attracted  and  delighted  the 
visitors  as  much  in  its  original  beauty,  as  it  does 
now,  in  its  practical  usefulness. 

The  Colonel  could  not,  however,  become  satis- 
fied so  long  as  he  saw  the  fair  lands  on  the  other 
side  of  the  river.  He  and  many  others  were  im- 
patient at  the  restriction  on  locating  upon  and 
improving  these  tempting  lands.  Hy  some  means, 
the  restriction  was  removed  in  fa\or  of  a  few, 
among  wht)ni  was  Col.  Stevens,  who  then  occupied 
claims  within  the  reservation.  The  occupancy  of 
such  settlers,  however,  was  like  that  of  the  early 
settlers,  the  Swiss,  from  the  north,  simply  tliat  of 
squatters.  Col.  Stevens  built  a  log  house  in  the 
winter  of  1849,  and  occupied  it.  with  his  family, 
as  soon  as  it  was  completed.  He  was,  as  stated 
above,  the  first  settler  in  ^Minneapolis,  A  few 
months  later,  Calvin  A.  Tuttle,  and  soon  'Mv. 
;SIiller.  leaving  the  east  side,  joined  Mr.  Stevens, 
and  built  houses  near  him. 

Ill  the  spring  of  IWoO,  C.  C.  Garvey  took  a  claim 
adjoining  Col.  Stevens  on  the  south.  The  settle- 
iiieut  soon  had  added  tr)  its  numliers,  Hr,  L. 
Fletcher,  John  Jackins,  Edward  Murphy.  Judge 


174 


HISTOBY  OF  HEXXEPIX  COl'yTY. 


Bassett,  Charles  Hoag,  Joseph  H.  Canney.  and 
others.  Their  cabins  were  scattered  over  what 
is  now  Minneapolis,  at  internals  of  half  a  mile  or 
more.  They  had  no  churches.  Their  spiritual 
food  was  furnished  by  fireside  instruction,  unless, 
which  often  happened.  Eev.  Gideon  II.  Pond,  or 
some  one  of  the  missionaries,  preached  at  the 
house  of  Col.  Stevens.  Camps  of  Indians  were 
often  made  in  their  vicinity,  causing  interest  and 
excitement,  even  though  tliey  created  no  alarm. 
Still,  they  were  always  thievish  prowlers,  even 
when  professing  the  greatest  friendship.  A  ner- 
vous woman  might  often  be  startled  by  seeing 
the  nose  of  an  Indian  or  squaw  flattened  against 
the  window  pane^ 

THE    Rf;SERVAT10X. 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind,  that,  at  this  time,  a 
resers'ation  of  land  for  military  piuposes,  made 
by  a  treaty  of  the  United  States  government  with 
the  Indians,  in  1S(I.5.  through  Gen.  Pike,  existed, 
covering  all  the  territory,  from  the  junction  of  the 
Mississippi  and  Minnesota  rivers,  the  site  of  Fort 
Snelling.  up  to  and  inchidijig  the  Falls  of  St. 
Anthony,  extending  nine  miles  each  side  of  the 
river.  This  extensive  reservation  included  many 
thousand  acres,  much  more  land  than  was  neces- 
sary for  military  purposes.  It  was  seen,  by  ex- 
plorers, to  be  very  valuable,  and  covetous  eyes 
were  fixed  upon  it.  Squatters  took  possession,  as 
they  have  often  done  of  land  \uisurveyed  Viy  gov- 
ernment, trusting  that  when  it  came  into  market, 
their  rights,  as  on  lands  not  military,  would  be 
respected.  In  this,  however,  they  were  destined 
to  meet  disappointment.  The  government  had 
thrown  every  possible  obstacle  in  the  way  of  their 
obtaining  a  foothold,  from  the  first,  and  now  i)ro- 
ceeded  with  the  usual  formalities  of  sale.  The 
plats  were  to  be  for^\  arded.  on  a  certain  day.  from 
Washington,  when  the  sales,  of  land  therein  de- 
scribed, would  take  place,  at  public  auction,  to  the 
highest  bidder. 

Such  sales,  however,  would  have  been  ruinous 
to  those  who  had  occupied  claims,  and  made  im- 
provements, in  full  expectation  of  the  final  right 
of  pre-emption,  and  entry  at  the  usual  govern- 
ment price.  There  existed,  too.  a  tacit  agreement 
between  the  sq\iatters  and  the  oflicers  of  the  fort, 
that,  on  the  one  side,  there  should  be  no  interfer- 
ence wth  their  occupation,  and.  on   the  other. 


there  should  be  a  division  of  spoils,  in  case  the 
final  decision  should  be  in  their  favor. 

Speculators  were  on  the  alert.  They  assembled 
in  considerable  numbers  at  St.  Paul,  intending  to 
bid  on  the  claims.  This  led  to  the  following  or- 
ganization among  the  settlers  for  mutual  protec- 
tion : 

THEEQl  AL  RIGHT  AND  IMPARTIAL  PROTECTION 
CLAIM  ASSOCIATION  OF  HENNEPIN  CO..  M.  T, 

The  settlers  on  the  reservation  had  no  inten- 
tion of  sitting  idly  by  and  seeing  their  homes  sold 
to  intruders ;  neither  did  they  purpose  to  bid  on 
them,  themselves,  above  the  usual  pre-emption 
price,  one  dollar  and  twenty -five  cents  per  acre. 
In  this  dilemma  they  caUed  a  meeting  and  estali- 
lished  this  Land  League.  This  was  an  associa- 
tion of  claimants  on  the  reservation,  organized  to 
protect  their  interests  by  force,  if  need  be.  In  a 
word,  they  proposed  to  do  all  the  bidding,  on  the 
lands  put  up  at  auction,  themselves,  and  to  make 
it  impossible  for  any  venturesome  speculatt)r  to 
put  in  a  coimter  bid.  The  association  numbered 
one  hundred  and  twenty-five  members.  They 
appointed  Thomas  W.  Peirce  as  bidder  for 
all  membei-s  of  the  league.  The  remainder 
were  to  stand  around,  to  intimidate.  If  a 
speculator  should  not  be  intimidated,  but  force 
himself  in  as  a  bidder,  the  membere  were 
to  surround  him,  and  hustle  him  out  of  range 
of  the  sales.  This  plan  was  fully  matured, 
and  would  doubtless,  have  been  carried  out  to 
the  letter ;  for  the  speeiUatore  found  the  squat- 
ters resolute,  and  sustained  by  public  opinion, 
and  it  was  more  than  intimated,  that  the  militia, 
if  called  on,  would,  likewise,  side  with  the  set- 
tlers. The  speculators  appealed  to  Governor 
^Villis  A.  Gorman,  for  support  at  the  coming  sale, 
and  asked  if  the  troops  could  be  called  out.  Tlie 
Governor  promised  the  troops,  but  intimated  that 
he  should  instruct  them  how  to  load.  "  How 
shall  you  instruct  them  to  load.  Governor?"  asked 
a  speculator.  ■•  Blank,  by  — '."  replied  the  Gov- 
ernor. The  speculators  took  the  hint  and  the 
first  opportunity  to  leave.  It  is  probable,  that 
this  plan  of  bulldozing  would  have  succeeded, 
had  not  another  escape  offered. 

Fortunately,  a  better  method  occurred.  The 
plats  did  not  arrive  from  AVashington,  in  time  for 
the  advertised  sale,  and  it  was.  necessarily,  post- 


BUDUCTIOK  OF  THE  BESEBVATION. 


lio 


poned.  Seizing  the  opportunity,  afforded  by  this 
delay,  a  delegation  of  citizens  was  sent  to  Wash- 
ington, to  protest  against  the  measure.  Dr.  A. 
E.  Ames,  Franklin  Steele,  Judge  Meeker,  II.  T. 
Welles,  and  others,  were  delegates.  They  left 
home  on  the  9th  of  October,  1854.  The  commis- 
sioner of  the  general  land  office  informed  them, 
on  application  at  his  office,  in  Washington,  that 
the  lands  must  be  sold  to  the  highest  bidder,  ac- 
cording to  the  previous  notice,  to  comply  with 
the  law.  On  appealing,  however,  to  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior,  a  stay  of  proceedings  was  ob- 
tained, until  the  assembling  of  Congress. 

Dr.  Ames  spent  most  of  the  winter  in  Wash- 
ingtf)n,  and  on  the  8th  of  March,  IHo-J,  started 
for  home.  He  was  successful  in  his  undertaking. 
A  bill  passed  Congress,  in  consequence  of  his  en- 
deavors, reducing  the  reservation,  and  allowing 
settlers  the  usual  privileges  of  goverimient  land 
entries.  Commissioner  Wilson  made  Dr.  Ames 
the  messenger,  to  convey  to  the  land  office 
in  Minnesota,  the  laws  and  regulations, 
under  which  the  subsequent  entries  were 
made.  The  general  government  had  learned, 
by  a  painful  experience,  and  under  similar  cir- 
cumstances, in  Xew  York  State,  where  the  set- 
tlers on  the  Holland  pmchase  combined,  and  in 
Wisconsin,  where  the  Fox  River  settlers  com- 
bined, and  in  other  states,  that  men  united  for 
mutual  protection,  must  be  respected. 

The  poor  doctor  came  near  paying  dearly  for 
his  success.  An  Arctic  storm  caught  him,  just 
on  the  threshold  of  his  home,  in  southern  Minne- 
apolis, and  he  nearly  perished  witli  cold. 

The  news  of  the  reduction  of  the  reservation 
had  reached  home  before  him,  and  a  general  rush 
for  locations  followed.  In  April  and  May,  18.55, 
the  settlers  were  able  to  "  prove  up  "  and  obtain 
title  to  their  lands.  Thus  ended,  in  a  quiet  and 
orderly  way,  what  might  have  proved  a  danger- 
ous and  even  bloody  disturljance.    Now  begins 

THE  GROWTH   OF   HENNEPIN  COI^NTY. 

The  lands  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  outside 
the  reservation,  had  been  taken,  and  tlie  previ- 
ous settlement  was  on  that  side.  The  rapid  im- 
migration, and  the  prospective  value  of  lands  on 
the  west  side,  led  to  warm  contests  among  the 
the  conflicting  claimants.  Litigations  followed 
in  great  numbers,  furnishing  to  lawyers  fat  fees. 


their  first  golden  harvest.  The  rapid  influx  of 
1855,  was  the  natural  consequence  of  the  reduc- 
tion of  the  reservation.  The  attractive  lands  on 
the  west  side,  had  long  tantalized  the  immigrants 
as  well  as  the  older  settlers  on  the  river. 

Before  our  dates  advance  further,  let  us  look 
back  at  a  few  of  the 

NAMES  OF  THE  OLDER   SETTLERS. 

Lieut.  J.  B.  r.  Russell,  acting  Q.  M.  of  the 
regular  army  at  Fort  Snelling,  who  built  the  old 
government  mill  and  the  house  near  by,  in  1822. 

B.  F.  Baker,  long  the  principal  fur  trader,  in 
what  is  now  known  as  Hennepin  county.  He 
was  a  famous  man  in  trade  and  in  the  chase.  He 
btiilt  the  stone  part  of  the  St.  Louis  House,  near 
Fort  Snelling,  which  was  burned  several  years 
since. 

Peter  Quinn  located  here  in  1 823,  and  had  su- 
pervision of  the  Indian  farms.  He  came  from 
the  fur  company  of  Labrador  to  Pembina  and 
finally,  to  this  county. 

Samuel  J.  Fiuley,  son-in-law  of  Quinn,  came 
with  him.  Claims  at  St.  Antlumy,  occupied  by 
Peter  Quinn,  Finley  and  one  Joseph  Reachi.  a 
Canadian  voyageur,  were,  subsequently,  pur- 
chased by  Franklin  Steele. 

Next  comes  an  important  person,  whose  name 
has  figured  in  the  public  affairs  of  this  county, 
J.  R.  Brown.  He  took  a  claim  near  the  month  of 
Minnehaha  Creek,  in  1820.  His  was  the  first 
claim  within  the  present  limits  of  the  county. 
He  abandoned  it,  however,  four  years  later,  with- 
out much  improvement. 

Leaping  over  a  few  years,  to  1837,  we  find  two 
very  important  names,  Franklin  Steele  and  Mar- 
tin McLeod.  The  former  made  a  claim  on  what 
is  now  a  part  of  the  East  Division  of  Minneapolis, 
and  butlt  a  small  log  house  near  the  corner  of 
Second  Avenue  South  and  Main  '  street.  Two 
other  log  cabins  were  built  the  same  year,  one 
above  and  one  below. 

Martin  McLeod  came  by  the  northwest  plains, 
from  the  Hudson  Bay  colonies  of  Selkirk,  to  Lac- 
Traverse.  In  company  with  him,  in  this  rash 
expedition,  were  Capt.  J.  Pays,  formerly  of  the 
Polish  army,  and  Richard  Hays,  an  Irishman. 
The  party  had,  for  a  guide,  Pierre  Bottineau, 
whose  name  has  become  familiar,  as  a  resident  of 
St.  Anthony.     His  two  companions  perished  in 


176 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY, 


the  snow,  near  Cheyenne  River,  but  he  made  his 
way,  with  the  guide,  to  the  house  of  J.  R.  Brown, 
liaving  been  five  days  without  food,  and  twenty- 
six  days  without  seeing  any  one  except  his  party. 
Tlie  liospitable  reception  of  ilr.  Brown  was  fully 
appreciated,  we  may  suppose,  after  the  hardships 
of  the  previous  twenty-six  days  on  snow-shoes. 

H.  P.  Russell  arrived  at  Fort  Snelling,  in  1839. 
He  made  the  journey  from  Lake  Pepin,  on  foot, 
suffering  much  frtim  want  of  food.  Alexander 
Graham  acted  as  his  guide.  Mr.  Russell  is  still 
living.  His  present  residence  is  on  Hennepin 
Avenue,  near  Twenty-eighth  street. 

The  development  of  Minnesota  begau  in  18.S4. 
During  this  year,  H.  H.  Sibley,  came  out  as  part- 
ner of  the  American  Fur  Company,  to  superin- 
tend their  interests,  from  Lake  Pepin  to  the  Can- 
ada line.  H.  M.  Rice,  N.  ^\'.  Kittson,  Edmund 
Rice,  1).  Olmstead,  and  others,  came  soon  after 
Mr.  Sibley,  and  became  identified  with  the  pro- 
gress and  growth  of  the  material  interests  of  the 
state.  Their  names  are  found  on  the  map  of  the 
state,  attached  to  counties  and  townships,  that 
have  thus  attempted  to  honor  their  memories. 

The  treaty  with  the  Chippewas,  which  was  ef- 
fected by  Governor  Dodge,  of  Wisconsin,  in  1837, 
ceding  the  pine  valley  of  the  St.  Croix  and  its 
ti'il)utaries,  to  the  United  States,  greatly  accele- 
rated the  development  which  began  three  years 
previous.  During  the  same  year,  also,  a  deputa- 
tion of  Dakotas,  at  Washington,  ceded  all  their 
lands  lying  east  of  the  Mississippi.  These  things 
opened  the  way  to 

EXTENDING  AND  MULTIPLYING   SETTLEMENTS. 

Bloominyton  was  first  settled  in  lS.")l-:2,  by 
WiUiam  Cliambers,  Joseph  Dean  and  Reuben  B. 
Gibson.    They  settled  above  Nine  Mile  Creek. 

Eden  Pruirk  was  first  settled  in  1852,  by  Da- 
vid Livingston.  Hiram  Abbott,  the  Mitcliells.  and 
others. 

Richfield  Was  settled  in  1852,  by  :\Iark  Baldwin, 
Samuel  Stough.  and  S.  S.  Ciowell. 

Excelsior  was  settled  in  1853,  by  a  colony 
of  about  forty  families,  under  the  guidance  of 
George  Bertram,  ilr.  Bertram  selected  tlie  site. 
on  the  south  side  of  Lake  Minnetonka,  in  June 
of  the  previous  year.  After  the  planting  of  this 
large  and  prosperous  colony,  the  settlement  of  the 
country  surrounding  went  on  rapidly. 


Early  in  1852.  Simon  Stevens  and  Calvin  A. 
Tuttle  visited  Minnetonka.  They  are  supposed 
to  be  its  first  white  visitors  since  1822.  In  that 
year,  J.  R.  Brown,  John  .Snelling,  Samuel  Wat- 
kins,  and  Mr,  Stewart,  discovered  the  lake  while 
on  an  exploring  tour  through  this  part  of  the 
county.  Mr.  Stevens  made  a  claim  at  this  time, 
1852,  just  below  the  outlet  of  the  lake,  and 
built  the  first  saw-mill  in  Hennepin  county  west. 
Dining  the  year,  James  Shaver  settled  on  Second 
Lake,  and  in  December  following,  A.  E,  Garri- 
son and  a  Mr.  Robinson  located  a  claim  at  the 
present  site  of  Wayzata.  These  were  the  first 
settlers  on  its  north  shore. 

In  February,  18-53,  Stephen  Hull  built  tlie  first 
house  at  the  Narrows.  In  April,  1853,  William 
Lithgrow  settled  near  tlie  upper  Lake.  He  was 
drowned  in  the  lake,  in  February,  1854. 

Xear  the  mouth  of  tlie  Crow  River,  a  settlement 
was  begun  in  the  fall  of  1853,  by  E.  H.  Robinson 
and  Jlr.  Baxter. 

We  have  thus  marked  a  few  of  the  nuclei  of 
settlement.  Most  of  these  settlers  were  from 
New  England. .  Their  early  training  and  educa- 
tion had  fitted  them  for  what  they  were  to  en- 
counter. Around  these  centres  gathered  the 
rapidly  hicreasing  population.  Their  sterling 
qualities  and  patient  courage  attracted  settlers, 
as  iron  tilings  are  attracted  to  a  magnet.  Thus 
the  county  has  continued  to  fill  up.  In  1853,  an 
■  estimate,  probably  a  generous  one,  put  the  popu- 
lation at  2.0(1(1.  In  1880,  the  census  shows  it 
(i(j,590.  It  is  admitted  that  the  growth  of  the 
State  of  Minnesota  has  been  more  rapid  than  that 
of  any  other  state,  not  only  in  population,  but  in 
wealth,  education,  and  internal  iniiiriivements. 
Hennepin  county  is  so  situated  that  it  necessa- 
rily partook  largely  of  this  wonderful  growth. 
Indeed,  the  enterprising  character  of  the  settlers 
of  this  county  contributed  largely  to  the  unex- 
ampled growth  on  the  part  of  the  state. 

Much  is  often  said  of  the  power  of  that  genius 
in  certain  men.  wliicli  enables  them  to  foresee 
future  cities  on  barren  lands,  immense  possibili- 
ties in  things  not  yet  developed.  This  power, 
however,  must  be  valueless  without  the  magnetic 
power  to  attract  men,  combine  forces,  and  thus 
produce,  almost  create  the  result  sought.  The 
wonderful  growth  of  Jlinneapolis  is  proof  enough 
of  the  character  of  the  men   who  have  settled 


FINANCIAL  PROGRESS— MILLS. 


177 


liere,  and  tlie  progress  tlirougliout  the  rouiity  has 
heen  largely  clue  to  tlie  )irogress  at  Minneapolis. 
The  organization  of  the  Hennepin  county  Ag- 
ricultural Society  took  place  in  1858.  Its  pur- 
pose was  to  encourage  improvements  in  agricul- 
ture and  stock  in  the  county.  The  lirst  officers, 
appointed  September  7th,  1853,  were,  J.  W.  Dow, 
President ;  J.  H.  Canney.  Secretary  ;  Col.  John 
H.  Stevens,  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Commit- 
tee. Seconding  these  efforts  for  improvement. 
Col.  Stevens  imported  some  Devonshire  cattle,  at 
considerable  expense,  and  little  ultimate  profit  to 
himself.  These  efforts  led  to  and  initiated  the 
improvements  since  made  in  methods  of  agricul- 
ture and  stock-raising  in  the  county. 

FINANCIAL    PROGRESS. 

The  taxable  property  of  Hennepin  county,  in 
1862,  according  to  Goveronor  liamsey's  message, 
was  $43,529.  In  1880,  only  twenty-nine  years 
later,  the  official  records  show-  the  assessed  valu- 
ation. $38,183,474.  From  the  records  of  1879,  are 
taken  the  following  statistics  :  "Wild  Hay,  tons, 
26,168  ;  Timothy  Seed,  ))usliels,  109  ;  Apple  Trees, 
growing,  127,088  ;  Apple  Trees,  bearing.  20,995 ; 
Apples,  bushels,  7,714 ;  Cirape-vines,  bearing, 
6.o85;  Grapes,  lbs.,  15,510;  Strawberries,  qts., 
29,586  ;  Tobacco,  lbs.,  913 ;  Maple  Sugar,  lbs., 
19,723;  Maple  Syrup,  gals.,  1,306;  Sheep,  num- 
ber sheared,  7.326;  Wool,  lbs.,  496.272 ;  Cheese, 
lbs.,  4,665  ;  Bees,  number  of  hives,  873  ;  Honey, 
lbs.,  14,233;  Milch  Cows,  6,658;  other  Cattle, 
2,155;  Hogs,  6,888;  Horses,  7,717  ;  Mules,  211. 


CHAPTER   XXXIII. 

MILLS,  MANUFACTORIES  AND  SETTLERS^>LEANS 
OF  TRANSPORTATION  —  NAVIGATION — KAIL- 
ROADS— GENERAL  DESCRIPTION— RIVERS  AND 
LAKES— GEOLOGY  AND  MINERALOGY —SOIL 
AND  VEGETATION—  ZOOLOGY—  CLI JI ATE— ED- 
UCATION. 

We  have  thus  far  named  those  settlers  who 
came  to  make  claims,  and  have  thus  become  iden- 
tified, more  or  less,with  the  agricultiu'al  progress 
12 


of  the  county.  Other  inducements  brought  here 
another  class  of  settlers,  to  build  mills  and  inau- 
giu'ate  manufactories.  The  Falls  of  St.  Anthfiny 
affords  the  greatest  and  most  available  w'ater 
power  in  the  Ignited  States.  Besides,  there  are 
other  minor  falls  in  the  county,  utilized  to  some 
extent. 

The  first  improvement,  of  any  kind,  in  Henne- 
pin county,  consisted  in  the  building  of  the  old 
government  mill  and  a  house  near  it,  in  the 
spring  of  1822.  Lieut.  J.  B.  F.  Russell,  built 
them,  acting  in  his  capacity  of  Q.  M.  in  the  reg- 
ular army.     This  was  the  first  mill  in  Miimesota. 

In  July,  1847,  Win.  A.  Cheever  bought  of  Mr. 
Steele,  on  the  east  side,  nine-tenths  of  the  water- 
power.  He  made  the  purchase  for  Eastern  capi- 
talists, among  wliom  were  Rol)ert  Rantoul  and 
Caleb  Cushing. 

Ard.  Godfrey  came  from  Maine,  in  the  fall  of 

1847,  to  build  Mr.  Steele's  mill.  John  McDonald 
and  Ira  Burroughs  came  at  the  same  time,  and 
were  engaged  in  the  same  enterprise.  Robert 
W.  Cummings,  Henry  Angell,  Capt.  John  Tap- 
per, and  William  Dugas  went  up  the  Swan  River 
to  cut  timber  for  the  new  mill.  Daniel  Stanch- 
field  took  another  party  and  opened  another  lum- 
liering  camp,  on  Rum  River.     In  the  spring  of 

1848,  the  mill  was  ready,  and  the  sawing  began. 
In  September,  two  saws  were  running.  The  set- 
tlers now  began  building  frame  houses.  The 
lumber,  from  the  mills,  helped  on  the  settlement 
of  the  county. 

An  unusual  freshet  occurred  in  1849,  which 
swept  about  6,000,000  feet  of  logs  over  the  falls. 
Fortunately,  Mr.  Steele  had  about  2.000,000  feet 
on  the  upper  streams,  secure.  These  were 
brought  down,  and  the  mills  continued  running. 

In  1852.  Simon  Stevens  built  the  lirst  saw-mill 
in  IIennei)in  county,  «'P.s7.  on  the  claim  wliicli  he 
took  at  the  outlet  of  Lake  Minnetonka.  The 
building  of  saw-mills  was  the  initial  step  in  the 
great  milling  interests  of  this  county.  In  1848, 
the  enteriirise  of  mill  building  took  a  start  from 
the  building  of  a  dam  from  Hennepin  Island  to 
the  east  shore,  and  locating  four  saw-mills  on  it. 
In  1856-7,  however,  the  two  great  incorporated 
companies,  that  now  control  the  power,  took  hold 
of  its  development.  "  The  St.  Anthony  Water 
Pouxr  Company"  took  control  of  the  water-power, 
from  the  centre  of  the  channel,  on  the  west  side 


178 


HlS'lVliY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


of  Hennepin  Island,  to  the  east  shore.  "  T)ie 
Muineapolis  Mill  Cojiijxniy ""  took  control  of  the 
remainder,  viz..  from  the  centre  to  the  west  shore. 
Tlie  lumbering  establishments  have  done  more 
for  the  growth  of  Miinieapolis.  and  Hennepin 
county,  than  any  other  industry.  The  future 
development  of  the  county  may  depend  on  other 
manufactories,  but  the  past  must  give  the  credit 
to  lumber. 

In  ISOO.  four  years  later,  the  repc»rt  for  the 
whole  state  gives  -562  manufacturing  establish- 
ments, with  S2.38S.310.  capital  invested.  In 
1874.  Minneapolis,  alone,  pnxluced  manufactured 
goods  to  the  amount  of  S15.00U,0U0.  The  last 
census,  1880,  shows  that  Minneapolis  had,  in 
1879,  406  manufacturing  establishments,  employ- 
ing S8,61.j.2o0  capital.  7.723  hands,  paying,  in 
wages,  S3,651,66S  annually,  using  13.972  horse- 
power, water  and  steam  combined.  The  value 
of  manufactured  goods  produced  in  1879,  was 
§29,473,424. 

The  Falls  of  St.  Anthony  furnish  a  water- 
power  with  a  fall  of  82  feet  and  a  width  of  1200 
feet.  It  is  capable  of  driving  twenty  times  the 
present  establishments.  The  companies  in  con- 
trol, are  ready  to  make  liberal  arrangements  with 
parties  bringing  capital  to  develop  further  the 
capacity  of  the  falls.  Full  statistics  of  the  man- 
ufactures of  ^Minneapolis  will  be  found  in  an- 
other chapter. 

5IEAN.S   Ol"   TltAXSPDKTATIOS— XAVKiATIUN. 

For  se\eral  years  after  the  rapid  growth  of 
Minneapolis  began,  the  question  of  transportation 
was  a  vital  one.  Though  St.  Paul  was  as  high  a 
point  as  the  large  steamers  of  the  Mississippi 
could  reach  regularly,  through  the  season,  it  was 
found  that  lioats  coidd  reach  ^Minneapolis  or  St. 
AutlKiny.  as  that  part  of  the  city  was  then  called, 
during  a  part  of  the  season,  in  high  water,  and 
that  boats  of  light  draft  might  be  depended  upon 
for  regular  transportation,  during  the  boating 
season.  It  will  not  be  possible,  in  this  outline 
history,  to  enter  into  the  details  of  the  discussion 
which  continued  so  long  over  the  point,  whether 
St.  Paul  or  Miiuie;ip<i!is  should  be  regarded  as 
the  head  of  navigatidu  on  the  Mississippi.  We 
tan  only  mention  the  facts  in  regard  to  the  at- 


tempts to  navigate  the  river  to  Mimieapolis.  and 
also,  on  the  upper  Mississippi,  above  the  falls. 

The  first  steamboat  that  came  up  as  far  as 
Fort  Snelling,  aiTived  at  Mendota  in  1823.  Du- 
ring the  same  year,  Major  Stephen  II.  Long 
explored  the  Minnesota  Eiver.  and  the  northern 
frontier.  Beltrami,  an  Italian  refugee,  explored 
the  sources  of  the  Mississippi,  and  made  a  map  of 
the  country. 

Tlie  first  navigation  of  the  river  above  Fort 
Snelling,  must  date  from  the  arrival  of  the  La- 
martine.  Capt.  Marsh,  at  noon.  May  4tli.  1850. 
The  land  was  made  at  a  point  opposite  what  we 
call  "Bridal  A'eil."  The  Captain  attempted  to 
force  his  boat  further  up  the  river,  but  was  un- 
able to  stem  the  current.  May  7th.  three  days 
later,  the  "  Anthony  Wayne,"  Capt.  Rogers,  suc- 
ceeded in  forcing  her  way  up,  in  spite  of  the  rapid 
current,  and  landed  at  the  old  rafting  place,  near 
the  present  location  of  the  lower  or  iron  bridge. 
Tlie  arrival  was  justly  regarded  as  a  great  event, 
as  the  question  of  transportation  to  these  upper 
regions  was  beginning  to  assume  a  serious  nature. 
Speeches  were  made,  by  Governor  Eamsey  and 
other  leading  citizens.  The  band  played,  and  the 
occasion  was  duly  honored.  Later  in  the  season, 
during  the  same  year,  the  "Lady  Franklin.' 
Capt.  Smith  Harris,  came  up  within  a  few  feet  of 
Spirit  Island, "  Turned  gracefully  about  and  drop- 
ped down  to  the  landing." 

Business  men  now  determined  to  seciue  regular 
communication.  They  were  liberal  in  furnishing 
means  to  forward  the  plan,  and  the  result  of  their 
labiu's  was  the  establislnnent  of  a  line  of  steamers. 
On  the  18th  of  July.  1853.  the  "  Hindoo,"  a  fine 
steamer  from  below,  landed  at  ('lieever"sFlat,and 
afterwards  made  regular  trips  to  this  point. 

The  ^Minnesota  Eiver  was  also  navigated  by 
smaller  craft.  Insufficient  as  this  means  of  com- 
munication would  be  in  the  present  advanced 
stage  of  our  growth,  it  performed  an  important 
part  in  assisting  that  growth. 

NAVIGATION    AW)VE   THE   FALLS. 

A  steamer  bearing  the  distinguished  name. 
"  Governor  Eamsey,"  was  fitted  up  by  Captain 
John  Rollins,  in  1850,  to  navigate  tlie  upper 
Mississippi.  The  trial  trip  seems  to  have  lieen 
an  eventful  day  in  the  colony.  It  took  place 
May  25th,  1850.     She  ran  up  to  Baufield  Island, 


BAILBOADS-GENEBAL  DESCRIFTIOX. 


179 


about  eiglit  miles,  then  returned,  and  freighted 
for  Sauli  Rapids.  J  ust  at  dark,  slie  left  the  land- 
ing for  her  first  trip.  She  ran  about  a  mile,  and 
tied  up  for  the  night.  The  next  day,  Sunday,  she 
ran  up  to  Sauk  Kapids,  discharged  her  cargo,  and 
returned  to  St.  Anthony  on  Monday.  She  made 
the  return  trip  in  exactly  seven  hours.  After 
this,  C'apt.  Rollins  made  regular  trips,  touching 
at  intervening  points. 

KAILKOADS. 

The  year  1862  was  the  era  of  railroads.  The 
building  and  management  of  the  railroads  of  a  j 
new  country,  is  a  very  important  matter,  and  one 
fraught  with  great  danger  to  the  interests  of  the 
country.  The  method  used  in  constructing  roads, 
is  by  furnishing  private  citizens  or  corporate 
bodies,  capital  obtained  l)y  bonding  towns;  or 
some  method  by  which  the  country  through  which 
the  road  passes,  is  put  under  contribution  to  de- 
fray the  expense.  This  puts  the  capital  of  many 
into  the  hands  of  a  few.  In  case  the  trustees 
prove  reckless  or  unprincipled,  the  country  at 
large  must  become  the  sufferer.  Minnesota  has 
suffered  greatly  through  i-ailroad  mismanage- 
ment. This  has  been  true,  not  simply  in  build- 
ing and  equipping  the  roads,  but  in  exorbitant 
tariffs.  She  has  been  loaded  with  delit,  and  her 
attempts  at  adjustment  have  hjaded  her  with 
odium.  This  county  has  suffered  greatly  from 
this  cause.  Such  evils  are,  however,  self-correct- 
ing and  Time,  the  great  healer,  will  remedy  all 
evils  of  the  past,  when  such  prosperity  follows  as 
has  followed  their  construction  here. 

In  1862,  the  railroad  from  St.  Paid  to  St.  An- 
thony opened  the  county  to  railroad  eomnuiuica- 
tion.  To  the  making  of  railroads  there  is  no  end. 
We  shall  not  attempt  to  enumerate,  in  this  brief 
article,  all  the  roads  and  the  history  of  their  con- 
struction. A  simple  statement  of  the  receipts 
and  shipments  of  the  principal  commodities,  by 
the  various  railroads  to  and  from  Minneapolis, 
during  the  year  ending  May  31st,  1880,  will  show 
the  importance  of  the  roads  to  this  county,  and 
will  further  indicate  the  extent  of  the  business 
of  the  county. 

RAILROAD   SHIPMENTS. 

Lumber,  1,467,700,000  feet;  Flour,  1,6.50,6.80 
bbls.;  Mill  Stuffs,  .5.5,746  tons ;  Wheat,  76,000  bu.; 
Corn,  113,8.50   bu.;    Merchandise,   10,166   cars; 


Oats,  57,200  bu.;  Machinery,  743  cars;  Live 
Stock,  774  cars ;  other  articles,  1,623  cars.  Total 
shipments  of  all  kinds,  48,447  cars. 

RAILROAD    RECEIPTS    OF    LEADING    ARTICLES. 

Wheat,  8,103.708  bu.;  Corn,  392,200  bu.;  Oats, 
262,100  bu.;  Barley.  70,700  l)u.;  Flaxseed,  124,900 
bu.;  Mill  Feed.  9.176  tons  ;  Lumber. 22,770,000  ft.; 
Flour,  110,700  bbls.;  Merchandise,  12,643  cars: 
Live  Stock,  929  cars ;  Machinery,  730  cars  ;  Bar- 
rel Stock,  1 ,229  cars ;  Coal,  2,713  cars;  all  other 
articles.  4,26.5  cars.  Total  of  all  kinds  of  freight. 
47,307  cars. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION,  BOUNDARIES,  ETC. 

Hennepin  county,  as  originally  organized,  had 
for  its  eastern  boundary,  the  Mississippi  River, 
and  was  held  in  tlie  embrace  of  three  rivers,  tlie 
Mississippi,  Minnesota,  and  Crow.    These  rivers 
formed  almost  the  entire  Ijoundary.    Carver  and 
Wright    counties,    on   the   west,  completed  its 
boundaries.    By  a  subsequent  act  of  legislature. 
St.  Anthony  was  attached.    The  length  of  the 
county,  north  and  south,  is  about  thirty -two 
I  miles.    Its  greatest  breadth  is  about  twenty-eight 
miles.    Its  area  is  3.54.004.96  acres.    The  forty- 
i  fifth  parallel  of  latitude  passes  through  the  mid- 
dle.   The  summers  are  very  warm,  and  hasten 
vegetation  to   maturity.     Tlie  winters  are  very 
I  cold.    It  may  serve  to  assist  the  mind,  to  com- 
pare it  with  other  localities  of  the  country,  in  re- 
ference to  latitude  and  temperature.    The  forty- 
liflh  parallel,  which  passes  through  the  middle  of 
this  county,  passes  through  Green  Bay,  Wiscon- 
sin, touches  the  extreme  northern  limit  of  Xew 
York,  and  forms  the  northern  boundary  of  ^'er- 
mont.     The    winter   isothermal  line,  however, 
!  strikes  considerably  north  of  New  York  and  ^'er- 
mont.    The  snow-fall  is  light,  Ijut  as  tliaws  are 
infrequent,  enough  usually  accumulates  to  insure 
sleighing  throtigh  the  whiter.     Tlie  same  is  true 
of  this  as  of  all  northern  climates ;  tlie  winter  is 
made  jolly  by  extra  sociability. 

The  surface  of  the  country  is  undulating, 
though  in  no  part  mountainous  or  hilly.  The 
county  belongs  to  the  southern  slope  of  the  state, 
and  to  the  :\Iississippi  valley.  The  elevation  above 
the  level  of  the  sea  varies  from  663  feet  at  the 
crossing  of  the  C.  M.  &  St.  P.  R.  R.  on  the 
:Minnesota  River,  to  940  feet  at  Long  Lake'  sta- 
tion.    The  elevation  of  the  Mississippi  River  at 


180 


HJHIVRY  OF  HENNEPIX  COU^^TY. 


XicoUet  Island  is  791  feet,  ami  half  a  mile  below 
the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony  711.5  feet. 

KIVKKS   AXD    L.VKES. 

Tliis  rounty  is  favored  with  abuudanie  of 
water  to  supply  all  tlie  functions  tliat  water  ever 
fultills. 

First,  for  Xariyation.  The  Mississippi  has 
afforded  navigation  both  above  and  below  the 
Falls.  The  Minnesota  permits  navigation  along 
the  southern  boundary  of  the  county. 

Second.  Water  Poiccr.  The  immense  power 
of  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  alone,  gives  this 
county  greater  facilities  for  manufacture,  than 
can  be  found  elsewhere  in  the  I'nited  States. 
There  are  minor  water  powers  on  the  smaller 
streams  and  lakes. 

The  largest  flouring  establishments  in  the 
world,  and  other  branches  of  manufacture,  de- 
rive their  power  from  these  great  falls.  In 
early  times  travellers  have  expended  their 
eloquence  in  descriptions  of  their  beauty,  but  to- 
day, if  we  describe  the  features  correctly,  we 
must  admit  that  the  picturesque  scenery  has 
largely  disappeared  and  given  place  to  practical 
business.  If  we  echo  the  sentiments  of  this  am- 
bitious people,  we  must  dwell  on  the  wealth  in 
maclvinery  and  manufactures  that  now  environs 
the  falls,  and  not  lament  over  the  beauty  that 
has  gone.  The  description  of  these  vast  estab- 
lishments is  reserved  for  a  subsequent  chapter. 

Third.  Eunning  log/t  to  the  numerous  saw-mills. 

Fourth.  Btnuty  of  Sccnerij.  On  tlie  map  we 
can  count  over  two  hundred  lakes  in  Henne- 
pin county.  As  we  ride  through  the  country. 
they  seem  innimieralde.  Tliey  are  mostly  dear 
and  deep,  with  gravelly  margins,  and  discharge 
their  waters  into  the  large  boundary  rivers, 
through  numerous  beautiful  creeks  and  ri^-ulets. 
The  largest  is  Lake  Miimetouka.  Many  of  the 
lakes,  on  account  of  their  great  beauty,  are  places 
of  summer  resort. 

Fifth.  Health.  The  healthfulness  of  the  state 
is  thought  to  be  due.  to  some  extent  to  its  large 
amount  of  water  surface.  I)o\ibtless  this,  taken 
with  its  great  distance  inland,  is  a  very  healthful 
feature  for  Hennepin  county. 

Tlie  Crow  is  not  regarded  as  a  navigable  river, 
tlumgh.  at  one  time.  ("ai)t.  Rollins  made  a  run. 
Willi   the  ■•  Gov.  Ramsey."  twenty  miles  up  the 


stream.  Its  banks  are  low  and  wooded,  present- 
ing no  marked  features.  The  line  river  scenery 
is  on  tlie  Mississippi  from  the  falls  to  Fort 
Snelling.  Tlirough(uit  this  di.stance.  of  nine 
miles,  the  river  runs  through  a  gorge  about 
eighty  rods  wide,  with  high.  bare,  rocky 
bluffs  on  each  side.  This  is  the  grandest 
scenery  of  the  Xorthwesl.  .Vfter  the  great  tribu- 
tary, the  Minnesota,  forms  its  junction,  at  Fort 
Snelling.  the  gorge  widens  to  about  a  mile.  The 
same  rock  -  ribbed  walls  are,  liowever.  continued. 
If  we  pass  up  tlie  Minnesota,  we  find  the  banks 
changed  in  their  character.  The  bluffs,  instead 
of  being  bare  and  rocky,  are  turfed  and  grown  up 
to  small  wood.  .\t  the  early  settlement  of  the 
county,  these  banks  were  described  as  simply 
grassy,  but  the  absence  of  wood  was.  probably, 
due  to  fires  sweeping  over  them. 

tieologists  interpret  the  clayey  deposit,  west  of 
the  river,  and  other  debris  moved  by  the  icebergs 
of  the  glacial  period,  as  indicating  great  surface 
changes  in  the  <-ounty.  as  well  as  in  the  volume 
and  course  of  its  rivere.  The  Minnesota  was 
once  the  largest  river,  and  the  Mississippi  flowed 
into  it. 

GKOLOUY    .\Nn   MIXEK.\LO(iY. 

The  general  contour  of  the  county  is  nearly 
level,  with  an  undulating  drift  surface.  In  a 
lielt  varying  from  six  miles  to  less  than  one  mile 
in  width  along  the  Mississippi,  the  narrowest 
point  of  which  is  in  North  Minneapolis,  the  drift 
has  been  modified  by  the  river,  and  presents 
almost  a  level  surface,  with  a  soil  lighter  and 
more  sandy  than  in  parts  more  remote  from  the 
river.  Co-existent  with  the  line  which  marks  the 
limit  of  this  drift,  is  that  of  the  supposed  line  be- 
tween the  St.  Peter  sandstone  and  the  Shakopee 
limestone  of  the  Lower  Magnesian  formation. 
The  belt  included  in  this  line  has.  a  nearly  uni- 
form flat  surface,  occasionally  diversified  by  a 
knoll  of  hard-pan  drift.  Excavations  made  at 
different  points  inchided  in  this  belt,  never  fail 
to  reveal  this  hard-pan.  rnderlying  this  tract. 
is  a  laminated  or  flaky  clay,  which,  when  burned, 
yields  an  excellent  (luality  of  brick  of  that  creamy 
color  known  as  ••  ^lilwaukee  brick." 

The  principal  out-cropping  rocks  are  the  Tren- 
ton limestone  and  St.  Peter  sandstone.  The 
Shakopee  limestone  crops  out  at  Shakopee,  on 


GEOLOGY,  SOIL  AND  VEGETATION. 


181 


the  opposite  side  of  the  Minnesota  River,  and  is 
believed  to  exist,  covered  by  the  drift,  througli- 
out  Hennepin  county.  It  is  known  ainonf?  build- 
ers as  '■  Kasota  Stone,"  named  from  the  town 
where  it  is  extensively  quarried.  It  was  called 
Shakopee  limestone  from  its  beintr  first  noticed 
and  classified  at  the  out-crop  in  Shakopee. 

The  Trenton  Limestone  is  composed  of  three 
distinct  layers— Upper  Trenton,  Green  Shale  and 
Lower  Trenton.  The  Lower  is  the  oiUy  out- 
cropping stratum  in  the  county.  The  Green 
Shales  are  only  found  on  excavating  the  drift. 
It  is  quite  fossiliferous.  and  sometimes  called, 
incorrectly,  soap-stone.  The  Lower  Trenton  oc- 
curs along  the  bluffs  of  the  Mississii)pi.  at  and 
below  the  falls.  It  is  plainly  seen  in  the  quarry 
below  the  University.  The  upper  stratum,  eight 
feet,  is  impure  limestone.  Under  this  is  a  more 
impure  stratum,  though  of  similar  character. 
Third,  four  feet  eight  inches  Green  Shales. 
Fourth,  a  little  more  than  two  feet  of  stone  used 
for  the  roughest  building.  Underlying,  the  fifth 
layer,  is  the  building  stone,  fifteen  feet  in  thick- 
ness, used  so  extensively  in  the  construction  of 
the  best  walls  in  this  and  adjoining  counties. 
This  stone  is  too  argillaceous  (clayey)  to  l)e  a  re- 
liable building  material.  Its  weakness  consists 
in  the  shales  interlarded  between  layers  of  the 
limestone.  This  causes,  also,  a  mottled  appear- 
ance on  the  surface  of  the  stone.  The  dark  spots 
are  shale,  and  the  lighter  colored,  limestone. 
Sixth,  two  feet  of  blue  shale  is  found.  This  last 
layer  rests  upon  the  St.  Peter  sandstone. 

The  fact  that  the  harder  limestone  of  the  lower 
Trenton  is  super-imposed  on  the  softer  St.  Peter 
sandstone  gives  rise  to  our  water  falls.  The 
action  of  the  water  cuts  away  the  underlying  St. 
Peter,  thus  producing  after  many  years'  erosion, 
a  great  fall.  The  position  of  the  layers  also 
threatened  at  one  time  the  destruction  of  the 
falls  which  they  had  previously  produced.  Little 
streams  had  so  percolated  the  sandstoiie  as  to 
render  it  more  than  probable  that  the  overlying 
limestone  would  soon  be  undermined,  and  the 
the  magnificent  fall  be  change  into  a  sinqile  rapid. 
Prompt  and  efficient  measures  on  the  part  of 
capitalists,  assisted  by  the  general  government. 
arrested  the  danger,  and  rescued  the  fall. 


SOIL   AND    VEGETATION. 

The  soil  of  the  county  may  be  distinguished 
as  of  two  classes ;  sandy  soil,  occupying  the  belt 
before  described,  near  the  river,  and  the  grayish 
clay.  The  changes  noticed  in  the  vegetation, 
as  one  passes  through,  will  indicate  the  change 
in  the  soil  beneath.  Copses  of  oak  and  aspen 
show  the  soil  to  be  sandy,  while  the  large  sugar 
maples,  American  elms,  bass  and  red  oak  point 
out  the  clayey  soil.  On  the  clay  also  grow  the 
butternut,  soft  maple,  bitternut,  black  ash,  white 
ash.  poplar,  white  birch  and  white  oak. 

The  principal  shrulis  are  hazel,  smooth  sumac, 
wolf-berry,  thorn,  elder,  honey-suckle,  kiimikin- 
nick.  wild  rose,  prickly  ash,  and  speckled  elder. 
Many  water-loving  plants  abound  along  the 
numerous  lakes. 

Frost  grapes,  wild  plums,  American  or  native 
crab-apples,  black  and  red  cherries,  june-berries, 
choke-cherries,  prickly  and  smootli  wild  goose- 
berries, high  bush  cranberries,  high  l)lackberries, 
black  and  red  rasiiljerries.  straw  berries  and  cran- 
berries are  the  principal  wild  fruits. 

From  the  middle  of  the  county  westward  the 
soil  is  clay,  rolling  and  heavily  tindiered.  East  of 
this  is  the  belt  containing  the  small,  sparse  tim- 
1  ber.  covering  the  eastern  part  of  ilaple  Grove 
I  and  Plymouth,  the  western  part  of  Minneapolis 
and  the  central  portions  of  Richfield  and  Bloom- 
ington.  with  occasional  tracts  in  Minnetonka  and 
Eden  Prairie. 

The  soil  and  climate  favor  the  production  of 
spring-wheat.  This  is  grown  to  the  exclusion  of 
winter-wheat  which  winter-kills.  The  hardness 
of  the  kernel  of  Minnesota  spring-wheat  gives  a 
superior  quality  to  the  Hour  of  our  mills.  Other 
small  grains,  of  ordinary  farming,  are  readily 
produced.  Sorghum  has  recently  become  an  im- 
portant article  of  production.  The  cultivation 
of  fruits  has  been  proved  practicable  although  it 
was  long  suijposed  impossiljle  to  mature  choice 
varieties.  Peter  M.  (Gideon,  of  Excelsior,  has 
done  more  than  any  other  man  foi-  the  improve- 
ment of  varieties  of  fruits.  It  can  almost  be 
said  that  he  has  done  all  in  tliis  county.  lie 
struggled  for  a  long  time  unaided,  but  now  has 
charge  of  a  '"State  Experimental  Farm."  Trees 
were  set  out  on  this  farm  in  the  spring  of  1878. 
There,  with  the  patronage  of  the  state.  Mr.  (iid- 


182 


HISTOBY  OF  HEN^^EPIN  COUlS'TT. 


eon  will  coiitiinic  liis  experiments.  Ilis  pni'iiose 
is  to  proilnce  an  apple  that  is  a  long  keeper,  anil 
grown  on  a  hardy  stock.  It  is  impossible  in  this 
article  to  descrilie  his  methods.  For  hardiness, 
necessarily  the  hrst  requsite  in  this  climate,  he 
depends  on  the  crab  stock.  Some  \alualile  va- 
rieties have  already  been  obtained. 

ZOOLOGY. 

On  the  same  sirounds  that  Minnesota  has  been 
called  the  sportsman's  state,  this  county  might  be 
called  the  sportsman's  county.  Its  lakes,  prairies 
and  forests  are  the  natural  haunts  of  the  many 
varieties  of  game  with  which  the  state  aliounds. 
Gray  and  prairie  wolves,  bears,  wild  cats,  rac- 
coons, foxes,  deer,  rabbits,  squirrels,  gophers 
(found  in  such  abundance  throughout  the  state, 
as  to  cause  it  to  be  called  the  "Gopher  State  ") 
and  wood  clmcks,  were  all  found  in  abundance, 
within  a  few  years,  and  many  of  them  abound 
now.  Some  water  animals,  sought  for  their  furs. 
are  trapped.  The  otter,  mink,  bea\er  and  musk- 
rat  furnish  the  most  valuable  pelts.  Grouse 
(prairie-hensi.  partridges,  and  pigeons,  are  the 
principal  featliered  game,  except  in  the  season 
when  ducks,  brant  and  wild  geese  abound. 

This  county  shares  with  the  state  in  a  multi- 
tude of  small  birds  of  brilliant  plumage.  Some 
varieties  are  peculiar  to  this  vicinity.  They  de- 
light the  eye  and  ear  of  the  toiirists,  who  frequent 
the  charming  lakes,  woods  and  streams.  The 
lakes  abound  in  the  usual  varieties  of  fish.  Some 
interest  has  licen  shown  in  adding  new  and  im- 
proved kinds. 

C'LIM.\TE. 

The  climate  of  this  county  and  those  imme- 
diately adjoining,  gave  to  Jilinnesota  at  an  early 
day,  its  reputation  for  health  and  made  it  the 
asylum  for  invalids.  No  other  county  in  tlie 
state  is  better  situated  or  more  favoraldy  known 
for  health.  It  is  very  beneficial  to  invaUds  suf- 
fering from  pulmonary  diseases.  Instances  where 
this  climate  does  not  effect  a  cure  for  such  in- 
valids, can  usually  be  explained  by  the  fact  that 
the  disease  was  allowed  to  progress  too  far  before 
trying  the  remedy,  or  some  other  circumstance, 
peculiar  to  the  patient  and  not  chargeable  to  the 
climate,  interfered. 


EDUCATIOX. 

The  first  settlers  of  this  comity  brought  with 
them  from  Xew  England,  not  only  the  fear  of 
God.  which  lead  them  to  l)uild  churches,  but.  as 
the  natural  conccimitant  of  the  Bible  is iducation, 
they  brought  in  their  hearts  the  desire  for  schools 
and  at  once  set  about  educational  work. 

Keflnementand  social  culture  were  as  essential 
to  them  as  the  vital  air.  It  has  been  said,  and 
truthfully,  that  the  tendency  of  western  life  is 
verging  toward  barbarism.  Here,  however,  cul- 
ture and  refinement  followed  closely  on  the  heels 
of  settlement.  It  is  already  abreast  of  the 
boasted  East  in  public  education. 

It  can  be  safely  said,  that  the  whole  state,  but 
pre-eminently  Hennepin  county  has  made  greater 
progress  in  education  during  the  last  twenty-two 
years  than  any  other  state  or  comity  in  the 
Uiuted  States.  The  first  school  taught  was  by 
Miss  Electa  Bachus,  in  the  summer  of  1849,  in  a 
small  shanty  on  the  east  side.  This  was  under 
territorial  jurisdiction.  In  the  fall  of  that  year. 
the  first  school  house  was  built  in  the  county. 

The  next  teacher,  was  Jliss  Nancy  E.  ISIlller. 
The  first  teacher  on  the  west  side,  was  IMiss 
Mary  A.  Scofield.  The  first  male  teacher,  was 
Reuben  Clark.  Thirty  years  only  have  passed 
since  one  little  school  was  all  and  suflicient  for 
the  wants  of  the  community. 

The  following  is  extracted  from  the  official  re- 
port of  1879,  for  the  sake  of  contrast.  School 
districts,  110  ;  school  houses,  130  ;  graded  schools 
outside  of  Minneapolis,  o ;  scholars  enrolled. 
10,245.  A  larger  proportion  of  children  of 
school  age  attend  school  in  this  than  in  any 
other  state. 


CIIAPTEK   XXXIV. 


!  ORGANIZATION  OF  COUNTY — OFFICIAL  RECORD 
—JUDICIAL  KECORD— LIST  OF  COUNTY'  OFFI- 
CERS. 

The  bill  which  fixed  the  boundaries  of  this 
county,  passed  the  Territorial  Legislature  in  1852, 
and  was  approved  ^larch  t>th.  of  the  same  year. 
It  originally   formed  a  yy.nt  of  Dakota  county. 


OBOANIZATION  OF  COUNTY— OFFICIAL  RECORD. 


183 


The  bill  provided  tliat  "  So  much  of  Dakota 
county  as  lies  north  of  the  Minnesota  River,  west 
of  the  Mississippi,  and  east  of  a  line  commencina; 
at  a  place  known  {is  the  Little  Rapids,  on  said 
Minnesota  River ;  thence  in  a  direct  line  north  by 
west,  to  the  forks  of  Crow  River ;  thence  down 
said  river  to  its  junction  with  the  Mississippi." 
The  bill  further  provided  that  Hennepin  county 
be  attached  to  Ramsey,  for  judicial  purposes. 
"Until  further  provided  for."  For  elective  pur- 
poses it  was  to  remain,  as  then,  in  conjunction 
with  Dakota  county,  so  far  as  related  to  tlie  elec- 
tion of  a  councillor  and  two  representatives,  un- 
til the  next  apportionnient. 

Section  3  of  the  bill  provided  that,  "  ^Vhen  the 
treaty  of  Mendota,  concluded  with  the  Dakota 
Indians,  should  be  ratified  by  the  United  States 
Senate,  the  county  of  Ileiniepin  shall  l)e  entitled 
to  elect,  at  the  next  general  election,  such  county 
and  other  officials  as  the  organized  counties  were 
entitled  to."'  Section  4  provided  that  the  county 
commissioners  elected,  should  be  authorized  to 
establish  the  county  seat  temporarily,  "  Until  the 
same  is  permanently  estal)lished  by  the  legisla- 
ture, or  authorized  votes  of  the  qualified  voters  of 
.said  county." 

The  county  was  f(n'mally  organized  on  the  :21st 
day  of  October,  18o2.  Eleven  days  previous,  an 
election  was  held  at  the  house  of  Col.  John  H.  Ste- 
vens, at  which  73  votes  were  polled,  representing 
about  one-half  of  the  voters  residing  in  tlie  coini- 
ty.  Another  voting  place  was  fixed  at  Mendota, 
for  the  accommodation  of  those  living  along  the 
Minnesota  River.  Previous  to  the  election,  a 
mass-meeting  was  held,  at  which  the  following 
ticket  was  nominated,  irrespective  of  party: 

Representative,  Dr.  A.  E.  Ames ;  County  Com- 
missioners, Alex.  Moore,  John  Jackins,  Joseph 
Dean;  County  Treasurer,  John  T,  Maim ;  Reg- 
ister of  Deeds,  John  H.  Stevens ;  District  Attor- 
ney, Warren  Bristol ;  Sheriff,  Isaac  Brown ;  Cor- 
oner, David  Gorham ;  Judge  of  Proliale,  Joel  B. 
Bassett;  County  Surveyor,  Charles  W.  Christ- 
mas ;  Assessors,  Edwin  lledderly,  Eli  Pettijohn, 
S.  A.  Goodrich :  Road  Commissioner,  George 
Parks.  The  entire  ticket  was  elected  without 
opposition,  and  the  parties  named  became  the 
first  officers  of  Hennepin  county.  They  were 
nominated  and  elected  without  effort  on  their 
part,  and  in  many  instances,  against  their  ex- 


pressed wish.  The  first  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
County  Commissioners  was  held  on  the  21st  of 
October,  1852,  Alexander  Moore  being  chosen 
chairman.  Dr.  H.  Fletcher  was  the  first  Justice 
of  the  Peace  before  the  county  organization,  and 
Edwin  Hedderly  the  first  Justice  after  the  county 
organization.  Politically,  little  need  be  said  of 
Hennepin  comity.  In  its  earlier  days,  and  until 
the  organization  of  the  Republican  party,  the 
contest  for  political  preferment,  was  between  the 
old  Whig  and  Democratic  parties,  the  latter 
usually  being  in  the  ascendency.  Xow.  in  con- 
sequence of  the  death  of  some  of  the  giants  in 
the  land,  the  masses  could  no  longer  be  held  to 
the  old  lines.  The  Whig  party  died  with  Clay. 
Political  chaos  throughout  the  country  followed. 
Down  went  Whig  and  Know-Nothing,  and  out  of 
the  ruins  was  built  the  Republican  party  It  is 
not  important  to  give  the  position  of  politicians 
in  this  state  during  the  political  chaos.  Since,  the 
RepubUcan  element  has,  with  a  few  exceptions  in 
local  politics,  been  the  ruling  factor.  In  State 
and  Xational  politics  the  county  is  largely  Re- 
publican. 

OFFICIAL   UECORD 

of  State,  Judicial  and  Legislative  officers  of  Ilen- 
nepm  comity.  The  first  Territorial  Legislature 
convened  September  ;^d,  1S4S),  and  adjoiuned 
the  first  of  the  following  Xovember.  The  county 
was  represented  in  the  Council  by  John  Rollins 
and  Martin  McLeod,  and  in  the  House,  by  Win. 
R.  Marshall,  Win.  Dugas,  Fifth  District ;  Ale.xis 
Bailey  and  Gideon  H,  Pond,  Seventh  District. 

Second  Legislatuir,  Jan.  \M  to  March  31.<i<,  18.51. 
—John  Rollins,  Martin  McLeod,  Council:  John 
W.  North,  E.  Patcheii,  House,  Fifth  District : 
Benjamin  H.  Randall,  Seventh  District. 

Third  Legislature,  Jan.  ~th  to  March  Hth,  1852.— 
Wm.  L.  Lamed,  Martin  McLeod,  Council ;  Sum- 
ner W.  Farnham,  John  II.  Murpliy.  and  Benj.H. 
Randall,  House. 

Fourth  Leyislatiirr.  .Ian.  Hth  to  March  oth.  1853. 
— Wm.  L.  Lamed,  Martin  McLeod,  Council ;  R. 
P.  Bassett,  G.  B.  Dutton,  A.  E.  Ames,  B.  H. 
Randall,  House. 

Fifth  Legislature,  Jan.  ith  to  March  ith,  1854.— 
Chas.  T.  Stevens,  Council;  Cephas  Gardner, 
Henry  S.  Phmimer,  Hezekiah  Fletcher.  House. 


184 


HISTOBY  OF  JIEXyEPIX  COUyTY. 


Sixth  Liyisldture,  Jun.  3(?  to  ^larch  Sd.  1855. — 
Chas.  T.  Stevens,  Council ;  A.  M.  Fiiilley,  Dan- 
iel StanchfieUl,  D.  M.  Hanson,  House. 

By  the  apportionment  of  1S55.  the  precinct  of 
St.  Anthou\  \\  as  ilesignated  as  the  Third  District, 
and  Heimepin.  (west,)  Carver  and  Davis,  as  the 
Eleventh,  and  remained  so  initil  the  adoption  of 
the  state  constitution. 

Seventh  Legislature,  Jan.  '2d  to  March  1st,  1856. 
—J.  Eollins.  D.  M.  Hanson.  Council.  Third  Dist.. 
Sumner  W.  Farnham.  C.  AV.  Le  Boutillier,  James 
F.  Bradley.  Tliomas  W.  Peirce.  Arba  Cleveland, 
Thomas  B.  limit,  Francii  Thorudike,  House, 
Eleventh  Dist. 

CONSTITl'TIOXAL   COXVESTIOX. 

Pursuant  to  an  act  of  the  territoriallegislature, 
approved  ilareh  3d.  1857,  an  election  was  held  on 
the  first  Monday  in  Jime.  to  elect  delegates  to 
the  convention,  called  for  the  purpose  of  fiamiug 
a  state  constitution.  The  following  are  the  names 
of  Hennepin  county  delegates  ; 

Bepvhlican  wing,  3d  Dist — D.  A.  Secombe,  P. 
Winell,L.  C.  Walker.  J.  H.  Murphy  ;  Uth  fHxt.— 
Cyrus  Aldrich.  A\'eutworth  Hayden.  R.  L.  Bar- 
tholomew. W.  F.  Russell.  Charles  B.  Sheldon, 
David  Morgan.  E.  X.  Bates.  D.  F.  Smith. 

Democratic  wing,  3d  Dist. — B.  B.  Meeker.  Wm. 
M.  Lashells,  Calvin  A.  Tuttle,  C.  L.  Chase  ;  Uth 
i>isf.— Alfred  E.  Ames. 

AVith  the  adoption  of  the  state  constitution,  a 
new  apportionment  named  as  the  Fourth  District. 
"  So  much  of  Hennepin  as  lies  west  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River  ":  that  portion  east  of  the  river,  as 
the  Twenty-third  District.  The  result  of  the 
first  fall  election,  imder  the  new  constitution, 
was.  Senate — 4th  Dist.,  Erastus  X.  Bates.  Delano 
T.  Smith  :  liSd  Dist..  Jonathan  Chase.  Home-- 
4th  Dist.,  R.  B.  Gibson.  George  H.  Keith.  Wm. 
S.  Chowen  ;  23d  Dist.,  "\Vm.  H.  Townsend.  L.  C. 
Walker. 

Xo  session  of  the  legislature  was  held  during 
the  winter  of  1858-9,  owing  to  the  extra  session 
just  preceding.  At  tlie  October  election,  liow- 
ever,  the  following  officers  were  elected  from 
Hennepin  county,  though  they  never  took  their 
seats:  floi/.sf  —  W.  D.  Washburn,  A.C.Austin, 
R.  B.  McGrath,  and  A.  Gould  ;  Senate— 23d  Dist., 
David  Heaton. 


Second  Legislature.  1859-bO. — Senate.  4th  Dist., 
Jesse  Bishop.  R.  L.  Bartholomew  :  23d  Dist..  D. 
A.  Heaton  ;  House,  4th  Dist..  J.  P.  Abraham, 
Henry  B.  Mann.  A.  C.  Austin.  Irwin  Shrewsbury  : 
23d  Dist.,  D.  A.  Secombe.  G.  P.  Balihvin. 

In  1860,  another  apportionment  occurred,  nam- 
ing Hennepin  East  as  the  Fourth  District,  and 
Hennepin  West  as  the  Fifth. 

Tliird  Legislature,  1861.— Senate.  4th  Di«t..  Da- 
vid Heaton  :  oth  Dist..  R.  J.Baldwin;  House, 
4tli  Dist..  Jared  Benson.  G.  Y.  Mayhew  :  5th  Dist. 
F.  R.  E.  Cornell.  AVentwcntli  Hayden. 

Fourth  Ltyislaturt.  1862. — Senate.  4th  Dist., 
David  Heaton;  oth  Dist.,  R.  J.  Baldwin;  House, 
4th  Dist..  J.  H.  Allen,  Jared  Benson  :  5th  Dist., 
F.  R.  E.  Cornell.  John  C.  Past. 

Fifth  Legislature,  1863.— Senate.  4th  Dist..  Da- 
vid Heaton  ;  oth  Dist.,  R.J.Baldwin;  House, 
4th  Dist.,  Dwight  AVoodbur\ .  H.  J.  Croswell ; 
5th  Dist.,  A.  C.  Austin,  R.  B.  McGrath. 

Sixth  Legislature,  1864.— Senate.  4th  Dist..  John 
S.  Pillsbury:  oth  Dist..  Dorilus  Morrison  ;  House, 
4tli  Dist..  Jared  Benson,  Jonathan  Firren ;  5th 
Dist.,  John  A.  Coleman,  Gilbert  Graham. 

Seventh  Legislature,  1865. — Senate.  4th  Dist.. 
John  S.  Pillsbury,  Dorilus  Morrison ;  House, 
4th  Dist..  F.  M.  Stowell,  Stephen  Hewson ;  5th 
Dist..  Cyrus  Aldrich.  F.  E.  E.  Cornell. 

Eighth  Legislature.  1866. — (The  apportionment 
this  year  did  not  affect  Hennepin,  east  or  west.) 
—Senate.  4th  Dist..  John  S.  Pillsbury  ;  5th  Dist., 
C.  H.  Pettit ;  House.  4th  Dist..  E.  W.  Cutler.  A. 
E.  Hayden :  5th  Dist..  Aaron  Gould.  Jonas  H. 
Howe. 

Xinth  Legislature,  1867.— Senate.  4tli  Dist..  J. 
S.  Pillsbury;  5th  Dist.,  J.  C.  "Oliitney ;  House. 
4th  Dist..  H.  F.  Blodgett :  5th  Dist..  A.  E.  Ames. 
Aaron  GJould.  John  Seboski. 

Tenth  Legislature,  1868 -Senate,  4th  Dist..  Jolui 
S.  Pillsbury  ;  5th  Dist..  C.  H.  Peftit;  House.  4th 
Dist..  Samuel  Ross;  5th  Dist..  C.  D.  Davison, 
Chas.  H.  Clark.  John  H.  Hechtman. 

Eln-aith  Legislature.  1860.— Senate.  4th  Dist., 
William  Lochren ;  5th  Dist.,  C.  H.  Pettit ;  House, 
4th  Dist.,  A.  M.  Fridley;  5th  Dist..  C.  D.  Davi- 
son. A.  K.  Hall,  Chas.  H.  Clark. 

Twelfth  Legislature,  1870.— Senate.  4tb  Dist., 
AVilliam    Lochren:    5th    Dist..    C.    II.    Pettit. 


OFFICIAL  RECORD— JUDICIAL  RECORD. 


185 


House,  4tli  Dist.,  A.  M.  Fiidley.  A.  K.  Hall.  E. 
A.  Rice,  J.  II.  Pond. 

Thirteenth  Leyisk(tun\  1871.— Senate,  4th  Dist., 
John  S.  Pillsbury;  -jtli  Dist.,  C.  H.  Pettit ; 
House,  A.  M.  Fridley;  6th  Dist..  W.  D.  Wasli- 
buin,  A.  U.  Hall.  A.  J.  rndeiwoud. 

Ajjportionmcnt  of  1871. — Under  this  apportion- 
ment, Hennepin  East  Ijecame  a  part  of  tlie  :2.3tli 
Distriot,  and  Hennepin  West  formed  tlie  26th 
and  27th  Districts.  The  2.5th  Distrift  was  given 
one  senator  and  two  representatives,  tlie  2t)th  a 
senator  and  four  representatives,  and  the  27tli  a 
senator  and  three  representatives. 

Fourteenth Leyislature,lS72—SenA\.e.2'A\\  Dist.. 
A.  C.  Morrell;  2Bth  Dist.,  Levi  Butler:  27tli 
Dist.,  Wm.  P.  Anlieny  ;  House,  2.5th  Dist.,  Fraulc- 
lin  Whitney,  John  H.  Strong  ;  26th  Dist.,  A.  J. 
Underwood,  C.  II.  Clarlv,  C.  F.  Adams,  Loren 
Fletdier;  27tli  Dist.,  A.  R.  Hall,  Z.  Demeules, 
F.  L.  Morse. 

Fifteenth  Legislature,  1873.— Senate.  2.5th  Dist.. 
John  S.  Pillsbury  ;  iitith  Dist.,  Levi  Butler;  27th 
Dist.,  R.  B.  Langdon  ;  House,  25th  Dist.,  James 
MeCann,  Daniel  Anderson;  2()th  Dist.,  0.  B. 
Tii-rell,  Loren  Fletcher.  Chas.  II.  Clark,  ('.  F. 
Adams;  27th  Dist.,  A.  R.  Hall,  Z.  Demeules, 
M.  r.  Comerford. 

Sixteenth  Legishilure.  187-1. — Senate.  2.5lh  Dist., 
John  S.  Pillsbury  ;  2tJth  Dist.,  Levi  Butler;  27th 
Dist.,  R.  B.  Langdon;  House.  2.5th  Dist.,  C.  F. 
Woodbury,  Lyman  Brown  ;  2(ith  Dist.,  C.  B.  Tir- 
rell,  Loren  Fletcher,  C.  F.  Adams,  C.  II.  Pettit ; 
27th  Dist.,  A.  R.  Hall.  F.  L.  Morse.  John  Ilecht- 
man. 

Seventeenth  Legislature,  187.5. — Senate,  2.5th 
Dist.,  John  S.  Pillsbury ;  2f>th  Dist.,  Levi  Butler; 
27th  Dist.,  R.  B.  Langdon  ;  House,  2.5th  Dist.,  C. 
T.  Woodbury,  Daniel  Anderson;  26th  Dist.,  C. 
H.  Pettit,  C.  H.  Drake,  Loren  Fletcher,  A.  In- 
gerson;  27th  Dist.,  Geo.  A.  Camp,  Frank  L. 
Morse,  Daniel  Bassett. 

Eighteenth  Leyishiture,  1876.— Senate,  2.5th  Dist., 
J.  B.  Gilfillan;  26th  Dist.,  Levi  Butler;  27th 
Dist.,  R.  B.  Langdon;  House,  2oth  Dist.,  F. 
Whitney,  Daniel  Anderson ;  26th  Dist.,  C.  II. 
Pettit,  Leander  Gorton,  John  H.  Stevens,  C.  B. 
Tirrell;  27th  Dist.,  A.  M.  Reid,  Daniel  Bassett, 
Frank  L.  Morse. 
Kineteenth  Legislature,  1877.— Senate,  25th  Dist., 


John  B.  Gilfillan;  26th  Dist.,  Levi  Butler;  27tli 
Dist.,  R.  B.  Langdon;  House,  25tli  Dist.,  D. 
Anderson,  G.  W.  Putnam;  26tli  Dist..  (ieo.  H. 
Johnson,  L.  Fletcher,  W.  II.  Rouse,  J.  II. 
Clark;  27th  Dist.,  A.  R.  Hall,  Andrew  J.  Smith, 
Peter  Weinant. 

Twentieth  Legislature,  1878. — Senate,  25th  Dist., 
John  B.  Gilfillan;  26th  Dist.,  Charles  A.  Pills- 
bury; 27th  Dist.,  R.  B.  Langdon;  House,  2oth 
Dist.,  Geo.  W.  Putnam.  Baldwin  Brown ;  26th 
Dist.,  W.  H.  Johnson,  H.  G.  Hicks,  J.  H.  Clark, 
Ed.  :McDerniott;  27th  Dist.,  Frank  L.  Mcn'se, 
Peter  Weinant.  Harry  Ghostly.  This  I^egisla- 
lure  adopted  bi-ennial  sessions. 

Ttrenti^-first  Legislature,  1879. — (  Xo  session, 
official  Roster  as  follows: )  Senate,  2.5th  Dist., 
J.  B.  Gilfillan;  26th  Dist.,  C.  A.  Pillsbury;  27th 
Dist.,  E.  M.  AVilson;  House.  2.5th  Dist.,  Jared 
Benson,  Daniel  Anderson  ;  26th  Dist.,  H.  G. 
Hicks,  W.  H.  Johnson,  A.  Tharalson,  J.  Thomp- 
son. Jr.;  27lh  Dist..  John  Baxter,  (ieo.  Iluhn, 
A.  J.  Smith. 

Twenty- first  Legislature,  Election  of  1880. — 
Senate,  27th  Dist.,  R.  B.  Langdon;  House,  27th 
Dist.,  John  Baxter,  (ieo.  Iluhn,  A.  Roberts. 

.irDI(I.\L    RECORD. 

Tlie  scales  of  justice  were  first  poised  in  the  old 
government  mill,  on  the  second  Monday  in  July, 
1849,  by  Hon.  Bradley  B.  Meeker,  Circuit  Judge 
by  appointment  of  Ciov.  Ramsey  ;  Taylor  Dudley, 
clerk  of  the  court,  Franklin  Steele,  foreman  of 
the  grand  jurx .  The  session  lasted  one  week. 
The  first  session  after  the  organization  of  the 
county,  was  lield  in  a  small  liouse  afterwards  oc- 
cupied by  Anson  Northup.  This  was  in  1852. 
Sweet  W.  Case  was  clerk  of  the  court.  Dr.  Alfred 
E.  Ames,  foreman  of  the  grand  jury.  The  ses- 
sion was  short,  only  two  or  three  indictments 
being  found,  and  these  quashed  by  the  judge. 
Following  this,  in  the  order  given,  were  Judges 
A.  G.  Chatfield.  M.  Sherburne.  Chas.  E.  Flan- 
drau,  James  Hall,  Edward  O.  Hamlin,  Chas.  E. 
Vanderburgh,  and  A.  II.  Young.  Judge  Van- 
derburgh was  elected  in  18.59.  and  has  since  filled 
the  office.  Should  he  continue  until  the  expira- 
tion of  his  present  term,  it  would  make  for  him 
twenty-eight  consecutive  years.  Judge  Young 
was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  for  Hennepin  comity,  in  May,  1872,  by  Gov. 


186 


HISTOBT  OF  HEXNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Austin.  At  the  fall  electidii  following,  he  was 
elected  to  the  ollice  for  the  term  of  five  years. 
In  1877,  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Fourth  Judicial 
District,  under  an  act  of  the  legislature  allowing 
two  or  more  juilges  in  one  district. 

LIST     OF    COUNTY    OFFICERS  WHOSE    TERMS   OF 
SERVICE  OCCURRED  IN  THE  ORDER   GIVEN. 

Count!/  Atiditrirti—[Unii\  18.59,  the  duties  now 
allotted  to  this  otlice  were  performed  by  the  Reg- 
ister of  Deeds.]  Ilobart  O.  Hamlin,  Harlow  A. 
Gale.  Anton  (irelhen.  Jacob  Schaefer.  Mahlon 
Black.  Francis  S.  McDonald. 

Beyisters  of  Deeds— John  II.  Stevens,  Geo.  E. 
Huy,  Chas.  G.  Ames,  Geo.  W.  Chowen,  Robert 
K.  Bryant.  James  Bryant,  L.  P.  Plummer.  ('has. 
Robinson. 

Clerks  of  f'o!n-(— Sweet  W.  Case,  Henry  A. 
Partridge,  Ilobart  O.  Hamlin,  John  W.  Plum- 
mer, George  W.  Chowen,  John  P.  Plummer,  I). 
\V.  Albaugh.  Altiert  M.  Jerome,  Jacob  A.  "\Vol- 
verton,  E.  J.  Davenport. 

Count!)  Attorn('!i.'<— Warren  Bristol,  D.  M.  Han- 
son, Isaac  Atwater.  (Jeo.  A.  Xourse,  James  R. 
Lawrence,  Jr.,  Ashley  C.  ilorrill.  Wm.  W.  Mc- 
Xair.  John  15.  (Jillillan.  George  K.  Kobiuson. 
John  B.  GilliUan.  David  A.  Secombe,  John  B. 
Gilflllan,  Jas.  W.  Lawrence,  AVm.  E.  Hale. 

Sheriffs — Isaac  Brown,  Benjamin  E.  ^lesser. 
Benjamin  F.  Baker.  Edw  aid  Lipjiincott.  Richard 
Strout,  John  A.  Armstrong.  Vi'm.  Byrnes.  Henry 
G.  Hicks,  Geo.  II.  Johnson,  Nathaniel  R. 
Thompson,  J.  M.  Eustis. 

County  Trcttsuirni — John  T.  Mann.  Allen  Har- 
mon, John  L.  Tenny,  David  Morgan,  Joseph 
Dean,  John  S.  "Walker,  O.  B.  King,  Jesse  G. 
Jones,  L.  R.  Palnicr,  ^^'.  AV.  Huntington.  Frank 
Slocum. 

County  Sun«2/ors— Charles  W.  Christmas,  Lew  is 
Harrington,  David  Charlton,  Franklin  Cook,  C. 
W.  Christmas,  C.  B.  Chapman.  C.  "W.  Christmas. 
G.  W.  Cooley,  S.  II.  Baker,  Frank  Plummer. 

Coroners — David  Gorham,  Henry  ^lenninger. 
J.  C.  Williams,  F.  A.  Conwell,  C,  H.  Blecken, 
P.  O.  Chilstrom,  Petrus  Nelson.  A.  C.  Fairbairn. 

Court  Commissioners — [Otlice  created  in  1863.]  — 

N.  H.  Miner,  Lardner  Bostwick,  X.  H.  Miner, 
Samuel  R.  Thayer,  .\lbee  Smith.  Freeman  P. 
Lane. 

Connty  Supvrintt  mhnts  of  Schools — Until  1864. 


the  examination  of  teachers  was  conducted  by 
commissioners.  At  a  meeting  of  the  County 
Commissioners,  September  7th,  1864,  a  resolution 
was  passed  authorizing  the  employment  of  a  Su- 
perintendent of  Schools  for  Hennepin  county. 
At  an  adjourned  meeting,  held  September  l!)th, 
J.  T.  Pribble  was  appointed,  with  a  salary  of  S6()i) 
per  year.  In  I860  re-appointed;  again  in  186t), 
with  salary  raised  to  ?900  per  year.  Septeml)er 
8th.  ]S6i),  Rev.  C.  B.  Sheldon  was  appointed  fnmi 
JanuaiN  to  April,  1870.  At  a  subsequent  meeting 
the  County  Commissioners  resolved  to  authorize 
Commissioner  Bartow  to  employ  an  examiner  of 
applicants  for  School  Superintendent.  Prof.  <). 
A'.  Tousley  was  selected,  and  conducted  the  ex- 
amuialioii  in  presence  of  the  commissioners,  on 
the  oth  of  January,  1870.  On  the  following  day, 
January  6th,  a  ballot  was  taken  by  the  commis- 
sioners, resulting  in  a  tie  vote  between  Charles 
Hoag  and  Rev.  C.  B.  Sheldon.  On  the  4th  of 
April  another  ballot  was  taken,  resulting  in  the 
election  of  Charles  Hoag  for  a  term  of  two  years, 
from  April  oth,  1870;  salary  ?8o0.  At  a  meet- 
ing of  the  commissioners  in  1872,  jNIr.  Hoag  was 
re-elected,  and  salary  increased  to  §1,000,  At  a 
meeting.  January  6th,  1874,  four  candidates  pre- 
sented themselves— B.  B.  Barnard,  C.  Allen.  I. 
S.  Rankin,  and  M.  Cochran.  Mr.  Rankin  was 
elected  on  the  third  ballot.  On  the  8th  of  Jan- 
!  nary,  1876,  C.  W.  Smith  was  unanimously  elect- 
j  ed,  and  has  been  continued  in  the  office  on  an 
increased  salary,  up  to  the  present  time. 

Judges  of  Probate — Joel  B.  Bassett,  Dr.  A.  E. 
Ames,  E.  S.  Jones,    Lardner  Bostwick,   N.  II. 
Ilemiup,  Franklin  Beebe,   E.  A.  Gove,   P.  M. 
\  Babcock,  John  P.  Rea. 

County  Commissioners,  1852  to  1858.— [First 
three  elected  at  time  of  county  organization, 
others  at  subsequent  elections.] — Joseph  Dean, 
Alexander  Moore.  John  Jackins,  "\V.  Getchell. 
Henry  Townsend,  Alexander  Gould,  G.  G.  Loo- 
mis,  David  A.  Secombe,  (i.  AV.  Chowen,  Nathan- 
iel Kellogg. 

1858— [  County  Board  composed  of  chairmen 
of  the  several  Town  Boards  and  Wards  of  St.  An- 
thony.] Some  strife  arose  at  this  meeting  over 
credentials.  S.  L.  Merriman.  of  Minnetrista, 
w;\s  refused  a  seat,  for  want  of  evidence  either 
of  election  or  appointment.  James  Crowe  was 
admitted  from  the  Second  Ward  of  St.  Anthony. 


COUNTY  OFFICIALS. 


187 


The  chairman  admitted  to  seats,  with  the  Towns 
anil  Wards  represented,  are  liere  given :  Brook- 
lyn, E.  T.  Ailing;  Bloomington,  Martin  Mc 
Leod ;  Corcoran,  Israel  Dorman ;  Dayton,  A.  C. 
Kimball ;  Excelsior,  R.  B.  McGrath  ;  Eden  Prai- 
rie, Aaron  Gonld ;  Ilambnrg,  Val.  Chilson ; 
Hassan,  Samuel  Finical ;  Independence,  Irwin 
Shrewsbury  ;  Maple  Grove,  A.  C.  Austin  ;  Min- 
neapolis. B.  P.  Bussell;  Minnetonka,  Fred  Bas- 
sett ;  Plymouth,  Francis  Hunt ;  Greenwood,  X. 
D.  Ferrill ;  Richland,  Joel  Brewster ;  St.  An- 
thony, First  Ward.  D.  Knobloch  i  Second  Ward. 
Jas.  Crowe;  Tliird  Ward.  W.  .M.  Ilerron;  Fourth 
Ward,  J.  C.  Johnson;  Town  of  St.  .Vntlidiiy.  J. 

B.  Gilbert. 

lSo9— Brooklyn,  I).  C.  Smith;  Bloomington. 
Martin  McLeod ;  Champlin,  W.  Hayden ;  Cor- 
coran, P.  B.  Corcoran;  Dayton,  W.  W.  Cate ; 
Eden  Prairie,  Aaron  Goidd ;  Excelsior,  George 
(ialpin  ;  CJreeiiwood,  Jf .  D.  Ferrill ;  Hassan. 
John  Mitchell;  Independence,  Irwin  Shrewbury; 
Minnetonka,  Fred.  Bassett ;  Minneapolis,  IT.  C. 
Keith,  Cyrus  Aldrich,  J.  S.  Malbon;  Maple  Plain, 

C.  W.  Blowers;  Medina,  J.  A.  Coleman;  Plym- 
outh, J.  M.  Parker;  Richfield,  Geo.  Odell ;  St. 
Anthony,  (i.  W.  Thurber,  R.  W.  Cummings,  J. 
B.  (Jilbert.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Board.  June 
•5th,  1860,  the  county  was  divided  into  Commis- 
sioners Districts  as  follows : 

District  No.  1 — Second,  Third  and  Fourtli 
Wards  of  St.  Anthony. 

District  Xn.  2— Brooklyn,  Crystal  Lake,  St. 
Anthony  town,  and  First  Ward  of  city. 

District  No.  3— Minneapolis. 

District  No.  4 — Minnetrista,  Minnetonka,  Ply- 
mouth, Excelsior,  Eden  Prairie,  Bloomington 
and  Richfield. 

District  No.  5 — Champlin,  Dayton,  Hassan. 
Corcoran,  ^laple  Grove.  Independence.  Green- 
wood, Medina. 

Coinmissioncrs,  1800 — R.  W.  Cummings.  II. 
Fletcher,  D.  Schmitz.  J.  B.  Ilinkley,  Wm.  Finch. 

1861— A.  B.  Blakeman.  James  Sully,  Ezra 
Hanscomb,  J.  B.  Hinkley,  William  Finch. 

1862-3— A.  B.  Blakeman,  H.  S.  Plummer, 
James  Sully,  Wm.  Finch,  J.  15.  Hinkley. 

186-t— James  Sulley,  Sewell  Phelps,  E.  W. 
Grindall,  J.  B.  Hinkley. 

186.5— James  Sully,  Sewell  Phelps,  H.  S.  Plum- 


mer, II.  II.  Hopkins.  A.  B.  Blakeman,  J.  A. 
Coleman.  J.  B.  Ilinkley. 

1866— James  Sully,  E.  W.  Grindall,  J.  A. 
Coleman,  Sewell  Phelps,  H.  II.  Hopkins. 

1867-8— Sewell  Phelps,  J.  A.  Coleman,  J. 
Sully.  J.  P.  Plummer. 

1869— James  Sully,  A.  II.  Benson,  V\'m.  E. 
Evans,  Samuel  Bartow,  David  Edwards. 

1870— Wm.  E.  Evans.  David  Edwards,  Samuel 
]5artow.  Ezra  Hanscomb.  W.  E.  Jt)nes. 

1871 — Wm.  E.  Jones,  David  Edwards,  Ezra 
Hanscomb,  J.  G.  McFarlane.  James  A.  Ball. 

1S72 — Wm.  E.  Jones,  Ezra  Hanscomb.  Davi<l 
Edwards,  J.  G.  McFarlane,  Benj.  I'arker. 

1873-4-5- J.  G.  McFarlane.  Wm.  Pettit.  Benj. 
Parker,  David  Eihvards,  Wm.  Finch,  R.  S. 
Stevens,  J.  E.  Mitchell. 

1876— D.  Edwards.  J.  (J.  McFarlane.  L.  K. 
Palmer.  Horace  Wilson,  ('has.  II.  Ward,  Stiles 
Grisy,  Wm.  Pettit. 

1877- 1).  Edwards,  Edwin  Hedderly.  Chas.  II. 
Ward,  L.  It.  Palmer,  Horace  Wilson. 

1878 — L.  R.  Palmer,  Jesse  Jones,  Charles  H. 
Ward.  Horace  Wilson,  M.  W.  Glenn. 

1879— Horace  Wilson.  M.  W.  Glenn.  L.K.  Pal- 
mer. Chas.  H.  Ward,  .Jacob  Schaefer. 

Noccmher,  1880— The  following  officers  were 
elected  :  Auditor,  F.  S.  :McDonald  ;  Register  of 
Deeds,  Chas.  Roliinson;  Clerk  of  Court.  E.  J. 
Davenport;  County  Attorney,  W.  E.  Hale; 
Sheriif ,  J.  M.  Eustis ;  Surveyor,  Frank  Plummer ; 
Coroner,  Dr.  A.  C.  Fairbairn:  Senate,  27th  Dist.. 
R.  B.  Langdon ;  House.  27th  Dist.,  John  Baxter, 
Geo.  Huhn,  A.  Roberts;  County  Commissioner, 
feast  side],  Baldwin  Brown. 

The  following  otiicial  record  of  Presidential 
Electors  will  show  the  general  political  l)ias,  as 
well  as  the  rapid  advance  in  population  as  indi- 
cated by  the  increased  vote  for  each  term. 

Vote  of  1860,  Lincoln.  1.770,  Douglas.  70.",. 
Breckenridge,  44.  Vote  of  1864,  Lincohi.  1.711. 
McClellen.  1.221.  Vote  of  1868,  Grant,  3,128. 
Seymour,  1,984.  Vote  of  1872,  Grant.  4,075. 
(Jreeley,  2,986.  Vote  of  1876,  Hayes,  5,641, 
Tilden.  4..S71.  Vote  of  1880,  Garfield.  8,036, 
Hancock,  4.104.  At  this  election  the  vote  for 
member  of  Congress  was,  W.  D.  Washburn, 
8.134.  H.  H.  Sibley.  3,991. 


188 


HISTOEY  OF  HEXX^EPIX  COUNTY. 


CHAPTER    XXXV. 

AVAK  RECORD  (IF  IIEXXEl'IX  tOUXTY — TAKEN 
FROM  THE  ADJUTANT  GENERAL'S  REPORT, 
AFTER  THE  SAME  HAD  BEEN  CAREFULLY 
SCRUTIXIZED  AND  CORRECTED  HY  RESIDENT 
MEMBERS  OF   THE   SEVERAL    COMPANIES. 

The  date  of  the  organization  of  the  Fii-st  Reg- 
iment of  :SIinnesotrt  Yohniteers.  April.  1861. 
will  indicate  the  enthusiasm  of  the  .state  in  re- 
sponding to  the  call  of  the  country  for  defenders. 
April  12th  had  heard  the  first  gun  at  Fort  Sum- 
ter: April  13th  had  witnessed  the  stu'render  of 
the  fort ;  April  14th,  Abraham  Lincoln  had  issued 
his  famous  proclamation  calling  for  '75,0()0  men. 
more  than  enough,  we  all  felt  sure,  to  wipe  out 
every  vestige  of  rebellion. 

Minnesota,  one  of  the  youngest  daughters  in 
the  family  of  states,  comes  to  the  front  in  April, 
and  organizes  her  first  regiment.  Indeed,  this 
regiment  did  not  fmnish  places  enough  for  men, 
wishing  to  enlist  as  privates,  to  show  their  patri- 
otism. The  comitry  was  electrilied  by  seeing 
this  regiment  of  stalwart  men.  moving  to  the  front 
in  June,  coming  from  a  state  of  which  many  citi- 
zens had  not  even  heard,  whose  record  was  yet  to 
be  made.  This  young  state  was  not  only  ipiick 
to  respond  to  the  demand  for  men,  under  the  en- 
thusiasm that  pervaded  the  country  during  the 
earlier  stages  of  the  war,  but  she  held  out  to  the 
last  with  her  quota,  tlu'ough  all  the  dark  days 
that  followed. 

When  it  was  ascertained  that  7.3.(100  men  would 
not  accomplish  it,  successi^•e  calls  were  made — 
300,000,  300,000,  500,000,  etc.,  until,  at  last,  a 
grand  total  of  nearly  3,500.000  had  been  furnished 
to  do  what  it  was  anticipate<l  a  IkukUuI  of  men 
could  accomplish  in  a  few  weeks. 

Minnesota  followed  up  these  successive  de- 
mands, until  the  very  Indians  thought  her  terri- 
tory was  nearly  dejileted  of  figliting  men,  and 
assailed  her  unprotected  settlers.  War  was  thus 
brought  to  her  own  doors,  in  forms  more  dreadfid 
than  Antietam  or  tiettysburg.  The  records  will 
show  how  well  the  state  behaved  imder  the  tiery 
ordeal  of  war.  It  belongs  to  us  only  to  transcribe 
to  these  pages  the  roll  of  honor  of  the  county, 
hoping  to  assist  in  immortalizing  the  names  of 


the  patriotic  and  brave  defenders  of  our  flag. 
Here  they  are.  rank  and  file.     Honor  them  all. 

ABBREVIATIONS. 

Adjt Adjutant 

Art Artillery 

Bat Battle  or  Battalion 

Col Colonel 

Capt Captain 

Corp Corporal 

Comsy Commisary 

Cav Cavalry 

eaptd captured 

destd deserted 

dis discharged 

disabl disability 

inf infantry 

M.  V.  I Minnesota  Volunteer  Infantry 

Lieut Lieutenant 

Maj Major 

mus musicians 

pro promoted 

Ilegt Regiment 

re-en re-enlisted 

reg regular 

res resigned 

sergt sergeant 

transfd transferred 

vet veteran 

V.  R.  ( ' A'eteran  Reserve  Corps 

wd wounded 

wag wagoner 

FIRST  REGIMENT  MINN.  IXFAXTRY^. 

Originally  connnan(le<l  liy  ("ulonel  W.  A.  Gor- 
man. 

Fidd  and  Staff  Officetv—Geo.  N.  Morgan,  Col- 
onel, com.  Sept.  26.  1862.  luo.  from  Co.  E,  res. 
May  .5.  1.S63. 

John  X.  Chase.  Adjutant,  com.  Oct.  22.  1861, 
pi'o.  Capt.  Co.  II.  Sei)t.  2ti.  1S62.  dis.  with  Regt. 
May  4.  1864. 

Chas.  W.  Le  Boutillier.  Asst.  Surgeon,  com. 
April  29.  1861,  transfd.  to  Minn.  Skeleton  Regt. 

E.  D.  Xeill.  Chaplain,  com.  April  20.  1861,  res. 
July  13.  1862. 

John  AV,  Pride,  Sergt.  Major,  com.  Mar.  5, 
1864,  pro.  from  Co.  E,  dis.  with  regt.  May  4, 1864. 

Company  A — John  Blesse,  priv.  en,  April  29, 
1861.  transfd.  to  V.  R.  C.  Nov.  16.  63. 


WAB  BEGOBD—FIBST  BEGIMENT. 


189 


John  McEwen,  Corp.  en.  April  29,  1861.  pro. 
Sergt. ;  killed  at  Antietam,  Sepi.  17.  lSfi2. 

Company  C — Chesley  B.  Tirrell.  priv.  May  22. 
1861,  transfd.  to  bat. 

Becniifs — Cbas.  C.  Blanohanl.  no  record. 

\Vm.  Coombs,  re-en  transfd.  to  First  15attalion. 

Henry  Ghostly,  no  record. 

Andrew  McCausland  dis.  for  disab.  Jan.  8.  18(58. 

Turner  Fribble,  dis.  to  enlist  in  reg.  service 
Oct.  28,  1861. 

COMPANY   D    FIRST  REGIMENT  INF.\NTRY. 

Henry  R.  Putnam,  ('apt.,  en.  April  29,  "61. 
trans,  to  12th  U.  S.  inf.  Geo.  H.  Woods.  1st 
Lieut,  en.  April  29,  "61.  pro.  ('apt.  Xov.  28.  "61. 
A.  Q.  M.  Dewitt  0.  Smith,  2d  Lieut.,  en.  April 
29,  "61,  pro.  Capt.  Augusts,  '61.  trans,  to  Com- 
pany G,  Aug..  1863.  resigned  for  disabl.  October. 
1863.  Seth  L.  Hammond.  1st  Sergt.,  en.  April 
29,  "61,  pro.  2d  and  1st  Lieut.,  resigned  Sept.,  "62. 
Christ.  B.  Heffeltinger.  Sergt..  en.  April.  29,  "61, 
pro.  1st  Sergt..  2d  Lieut.,  1st  Lieut.,  Capt.,  Aug. 
8,  1863,  dis.  with  regt..  May  4,  "64.  Wm.  Har- 
mon, Sergt.,  en.  April  29,  '61,  pro.  2d  Lieut. 
Company  D,  1st  Lieut.  Company  C,  dis.  with 
regt.  Henry  W.  Longfellow,  Sergt.,  en.  April 
29,  '61 ,  dis  for  disab.,May  1 1 ,  "62.  Joseph  Young, 
Corp.,  en.  April  29,  '61,  dis,  for  disab.,  Jan.  3,  '63. 
Ellet  P.  Perkins.  C(up.  en.  April  29.  "61.  pro. 
Sergt.,  color  Sergt. ,1st  Lieut.,  dis.  with  regt..  May 
4,  '64,  re-en.  First  bat.  Isaac  N.  Hoblitt,  Corp.. 
en.  April  29.  "61.  died  Xov.  26.  "61.  of  disease. 
Hanford  L.  Gordon.  Corp.,  en.  May  21.  "61.  dis, 
for  disab.  Dec.  1,  "61.  Calvin  I).  Kobinson.  Corp.. 
en.  April  29,  "61.  pro.  Sergt.,  dis.  witli  regt.  Ed- 
ward S.  Past,  Corp.,  en.  April  29,  "61,  pro.  Sergt. 
Major,  dis.  for  wds.  at  battle  Antietam,  Sept.  17, 
'62.  Orange  S.  King,  Corp.,  en.  April  29,  '61, 
wounded  at  Bull  Run,  and  left  on  the  field.  Mor- 
ton Robinson,  mus.,  en.  June  6,  '61.  pro.  Corp.. 
dis.  with  regt.  Wm.  A.  Lancaster,  wag.  en.  May 
22,  '61,  dis. with  regt. 

Prirntes — AVilliam  H.  Allen,  en.  May  Hi.  "61. 
died,  July  "63,  of  wds.  received  at  (4etty.sburg. 
Chas.  E.  Baker,  en.  May  29,  -(il .  killed  July  2d,  "63, 
in  battle  at  Gettysburg.  Hoiace  K.  ]51ake.  en.  May 
22, '61, dis.  with  regt.  James  Ihyant,  en.  May 
29,  '61,  re-en.  in  First  Bat.  March  31,  '64.  pro.  1st 
Lieut,  and  Captain  Company  C,  dis.  witli  bat. 
Geo.  W.  Bartlett,  en.  May  29,  '61,  dis.  with  regt. 


John  Brown,  en.  May  16,  "61,  dis.  with  regt. 
Henry  Bingenheimer,  en.  May  16,  "61,  dis.  with 
regt.  Jacob  W.  Chaffee,  en.  April  29,  '61,  no 
record.  Enoch  H.  Chandler,  en.  April  29.  "61, 
dis.  with  regt.  John  Clator,  en.  May  22.  "61,  dis. 
for  disab.  Feb.  7,  '•■'■i.  Henry  W.  Crown,  en.  May 
17,  "61 ,  trans,  to  invalid  corps.  March.  "64.    Francis 

1.  Curtis,  en.  May  26,  "61,  dis.  for  disab.  Dec.  29, 
"61.  Henry  A.  Dean,  en.  May  16,  "61,  killed  July 
21,  '61,  in  battle  Bull  Run.  Stephen  Donnelly, 
en.  May  20,  '61.  dis.  for  disab.  January  7,  '62. 
James  F.  Dunsmoor,  en.  May  23,  '61,  dis.  for 
disab.  Aug.  1,  "61.  Cyrus  E.  Eddy,  en.  May  17, 
"61.  Ami  R.  Fogerson,  en.  April29,  ■61,dis.  with 
regt.  .John  O.  French,  en.  April  29.  "61,  pro. 
Corp.,  dis.  witli  regt..  May  o.  "64.  August  A. 
Goeppinger.  en.  .Vpril  29.  "61.  dis.  with  regt. 
William  H.  Garvey.  en.  May  16.  "61,  no  record. 
Alonzo  C.  Hayden,  eii.  April  29,  "61,  killed  July 

2,  '63,  in  battle  at  Gettysburg.  Elmsley  I.  Ham- 
ilton, en.  April  29.  "61.  dis.  for  disab.,  November 
27.  "61.  John  T.  Holjlitt,  en.  April  29,  "61.  no 
record.  Charles  W.  Hughes,  en.  April  29,'  61, 
dis.  with  regt.  Archiliald  E.  Howe.  en.  April  29. 
"61,  dis.  with  regt.  \Villiam  H.  Howe,  en.  April 
29,  '61,  dis.  with  regt.  Charles  A.  Hutchins,  en. 
April  29,  '61,  dis.  for  disab.  February  20,  "63. 
Cyrus  M.  Hatcli.  en.  April  29.  "61,  dis.  for  disab. 
December  5.  "62.  John  H.  Haner.  en.  May  21.  "61 . 
dis.  for  disab,  December  2,  "62.  AmosC.  Jordan, 
en.  April  29.  '61.  trans,  to  signal  corps.  August. 

I.  "63.  James  W.  Kendall,  en.  April  29.  "61.  dis. 
with  regt.  Irving  Ijawrenee.  en.  April  29,  "61. 
died  July  7.  "63,  of  wds.  at  bat.  of  Gettysburg- 
George  A.  Laflin,  en.  May  17.  "61.  dis.  for  disab. 
March  25,  '63.  Adin  A.  Latlin,  en.  May  17,  "61, 
dis.  with  reg.  May  o,  "64.  Charles  II.  Mason,  en. 
April  29, '61,  pro.  Sergt.,  dis.  for  pro.  December  27, 
"62.  Henry  A.  McAllister,  en.  April  29,  '61.  died 
Aug.  '63,  of  wds.  rec.  in  battle  at  Gettysburg. 
Horace  M.  Martin,  en.  April  29,  "61 ,  pro.  Corp.  and 
Sergt.,  dis.  with  regt.  Lewis  Meeker,  en.  April 
29.  '61,  dis.  with  regt.  George  ^Maddock.  en. 
April  29.  '61.  wounded  at  Bull  Run.  and  left  on 
field,  dis.  witli  regt.  William  J.  Newton,  en. 
May  22,  "61,  dis.  for  disal).   April  2.  '62.     Francis 

II.  Xewton,  en.  May  22,  '61.  absent  sick,  on  dis. 
of  regt.  Thomas  B.  Nason,en.  May  28,  pro.  Corp., 
dis.  with  regt.  John  W.  Plummer.  en.  April  29, 
"61,  pro.  Corp.  Sergt.,  dis  with  regt.     Robert  A. 


190 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Plummer,  en.  April  29,  "til,  dis.  with  regt.  Heuiy 
C.  Plummer,  en.  May  20,  "61.  dis.  for  disab.  May 
14,  "62.  Joseph  Smitliyman.  en.  April  29,  "lil, 
pro.  Corp.,  dis.  with  regt.  Leroy  F.  Sampson. 
en.  May  17.  "61.  dis.  for  disab.  February  2.  "63. 
Matthew  M.  Standish.  en.  May  21.  "61, pro.  Sergt. 
transfd  to  X.  C.  S.  as  Com.  Sergt.  Feb.  16.'  63. 
Charles  W.  Smith,  en.  Ajiril  27.  'iil.  dis.  with 
regt.  Alvin  B.  Taunt,  en.  April  20.  "61.  dis.  for 
disab.  Feb.  8,  "62.  Piatt  S.  Titus,  en.  May  21 .  "61 . 
dis.  with  regt.  David  G.  Wetmur.  en.  April  29. 
"61,  dis.  with  regt.  Henry  "VVilgus,  eu.  April  29. 
"61,  dis.  per  order  Nov.  16.  "63.  James  Walsh, 
en.  April  29,  "61  dis.  with  regt.  John  I).  "Whitte- 
more  en.  May  23,  "61.  died  of  wd.  rec.  in  bat.  near 
Vienna,  Ya. 

Recruits — Thomas  Hughes,  dis.  for  disab.  Dee. 
20, '61.  Edward  D.  Messer,  dis.  for  disab.  Dee. 
29.  "61.  Henry  B.  Chase,  dis.  for  disab.  Feb.  2. 
"63.  Geo.  H.  Smith,  dis.  for  disab.  Feb.  13.  "63. 
David  Jenkins,  dis.  for  disab.  Aug.  20,  "63.  Ran- 
som A.  Bartlett,  dis.  for  disab.  Oct.  7,  "62.  Eben 
S.  Xasson.  dis.  for  disab.  Feb.  15,  '63.  David  M. 
Howe,  dis.  for  disab.  Jan.  6,  "63.  Joseph  B.  Holt, 
dis.  for  disab.  Jan.  9,  '62.  Frank  Rollins,  died. 
Aug.  2,  "63.  of  wds.  rec.  at  battle  of  Gettysburg. 
George  Grandy,  died  July  1.  "63.  of  wds.  rec.  in 
bat.  at  Gettysburg.  Marcus  A.  Past  died  July  •5."6.'?. 
of  wds.  at  bat,  Gettysburg.  S.  Densmore.  transfd. 
to  Fii-st  Bat.  E.  J.  Hamilton,  transfd.  to  First 
Bat.  J.  Pratt,  transfd.  to  First  Bat.  G.  S.  Sly. 
transfd.  to  First  Bat.  O.  Ames,  transfd.  to  First 
Bat.  J.  Hawkes,  transfd.  to  First  Bat.  W.  T.  Abra- 
ham, transfd.  to  First  Bat.  D.  L.  M(n-gan.  transfd. 
to  First  Bat.  M.  G.  Pratt,  died  April,  "64.  E. 
Hamilton,  no  record.  Artis  Curtis,  no  record. 
Edwin  Lambdin.  dis.  for  disab.  December  2,  '62. 

COMPANY   E. 

George  X.  Morgan,  Capt..  en.  April  29,  "61. 
pro.  Maj..  October  22,  Lieut.  Col..  August  28,  '62, 
Col..  September  26."62.  res.  :May  5,  "63.  James  Hol- 
ister,  1st  Lieut.,  en.  April  29,  "61,  res.  November 
11.  "61.  George  Pomeroy,  2d  Lieut.,  en.  April 
29,  "61.  pro.  Capt.,  October  22.  "61.  res.  for  pro. 
September  22.  '62.  Lieut.  Col.  146  X.  Y.  A'.  John 
X.  Chase,  1st  Sergt.,  en.  April  29,  "61.  pro.  Capt. 
Company  G,  September  26,  "62.  James  M.  Shep- 
ley,  Sergt.,  en.  April  29,  '61.  pro.  2d  Lieut.  Octo- 
ber 22,  "61,  1st  Lieut.  Company  G.  July  19.  "62. 


res.  Jan.  13,  "63.  George  Boyd,  Sergt.  en.  April  29, 
"61.  pro.  2d  Lieut,  and  1st  Lieut.  Company  I., 
April  lo,  "63,  dis.  with  regt.  May  4,  "64.  Hugh 
(i.  Cassedy.  Sergt.  en.  May  23,  '61,  no  record. 
"William  Loehren,  Sergt.,  en.  April  29,  "61,  pro, 
2d  Lieut.  Company  K,  September22,  "62, 1st  Lieut. 
Company  E.  July  3,  "63,  res.  December  30.  '63. 
Francis  Kittel.  Corp.  en.  April  29.  "61.  pro.  Sergt. 
dis.  for  disab.  December  21 .  "63.  Orville  D.  That- 
cher. Corp.  en.  April  29.  "61.  dis.  with  res^t..  May, 
"64.  Albion  Hobson.  Corp..  en.  April  29.  "61.  no 
record.  Booth  C.  Mulvey,  Corp.. en.  April  29,  "61, 
no  record,  "William  "W.  Smiley,  Coi-p.,  en.  May 
23.  '61  trans,  to  gunboat  service,  Xovember  16,'63. 
William  W.  Wilson.  Corp..  en.  April  29,  "61.  dis. 
for  disab.  July  23,  "62.  William  H.  Davenport, 
Mus.,  eu.  April  29,  "61,  dis.  per  order,  September 
26,  "61,  Charles  Xorthrup,  wag.,  eu.  April29,  "61, 
dis.  with  regt..  May,  "64. 

P/-("r(((es— Asa  T.  Abbott,  en.  April  29.  "61.  no 
record,  John  F.  Barnard,  en.  April  29,  "61 ,  dis. 
for  (Usab.  July  31.  "61.  AVilliam  H.  Bassett.  en. 
April  29,  "61.  pro.  Corp.  dis.  with  regt.  Albert 
B.  Coombs,  en.  May  20,  "61,  transfd.  to  U.  S.  Enr 
gineers,  October  24,  "62.  Ilemy  M.  Day,  en. 
April  29,  "61.  no  record.  Amos  O.  Berry,  en, 
April  29.  ".51.  dis.  with  regt.  Charles  A.  Berry, 
en.  April  29.  "61.  no  record.  WilUam  E.'Candy. 
en.  May  23, 61 .  dis.  with  regt.  Lloyd  U.  Dow,  en 
ApriI29,  "61,  dis,  fordisab.  '63,  Benj.  Fenton,  en, 
April  29,  "61,  dis.  with  regt.  William  Fullerton. 
en.  May  20,  "61 ,  transfd.  to  gunboat  service,  Xov. 
16,  '63.  John  Fleetham.  en.  May  23.  "61.  dis.  for 
disab,  March  25.  "63.  George  X.  Hollister,  en. 
AprU  29,  61,  transfd.  to  4th  U.  S.  Cav.  Oct.,  "62. 
.James  Hanscome,  en.  May  23,  "61,  no  record. 
John  Harrington,  en.  May  23,  "61,  trans,  to  4th 
U.  S.  Cav.,  October,  "62.  Israel  Jackins,  en. 
April  29,  "61,  killed  July  2,  "63,  at  Gettysburg. 
Ernest  Jefferson,  en.  ^lay  23,  "61.  no  record. 
William  R.  Johnson,  en.  May  23,  '61,  dis,  for 
disabl.  March  25,  '63.  Edwin  Keen.  en.  April 
!  29,  "61,  trans,  to  gunboat  service.  Xovember.  "63. 
Edwin  B.  Lowell,  en.  May  23,  '61,  dis.  with 
regt.  Samuel  F.  Leyde.  en.  May  2.S,  '61,  trans, 
to  gunboat  service.  Charles  McDonald,  en, 
April  29,  '61,  no  record,  Charles  McDonald  Jr,, 
en.  May  23,  "61,  trans,  to  4th  U.  S.  Cav.  October. 
"62.  Reuben  M.  Mayo,  en.  May  23,  "61,  no 
record.     George  W.  Xorthrup.  en.  April  29,  "61, 


SECOND  BEGIMENl  INFANTRY. 


191 


trans,  to  4th  U.  S.  Cav.  October  '^2.  James  Pat- 
terson, en.  May  23,  '61,  clestcl.  March,  "(34.  Joim 
W.  Pride,  en.  April  29, '61,  pro.  Sergt.  Major, 
trans,  to  X.  C.  S.  March  21,  "64,  dis.  with  regt. 
Obed  Russell,  en.  April  2ii,  61.  dis.  for  disabl. 
December  31,  '62.  Francis  Ray,  en.  May  24,  '61, 
dis.  with  regt.  Oscar  W.  Sears,  en.  April  29,  '(il. 
trans,  to  invalid  corps.  October,  '63.  Samuel  B. 
Stites,  en.  April  29,  '61 ,  pro.  CoiiJ,  Sergt.,  dis, 
with  regt.  Stephen  B.  Sutton,  en.  April  29,  '61. 
dis.  with  regt.  Harvey  E.  Scott,  en.  May  20,  '61. 
wd.  and  taken  prisoner  at  Savage  Station,  trans, 
to  V.  R.  C.  George  II.  Winants,  en.  April  29, 
'61,  dis.  for  disabl.  December  25.  "61,  Peter 
Welin,  en.  May  23,  '61,  died  July  29.  "63.  of  wds. 
rec'd.  in  battle  of  Gettysburg.  AMlliam  L. 
Wakefield,  en.  May  23.  '61,  dis.  for  disabl.  Janu- 
ary 4,  '64.  John  D.  AVhite,  en.  May  26,  "61,  dis. 
for  disabl.  January  9,  "62. 

Becndts — Rufus  II.  .Jefferson,  no  date,  tran.  to 
4th  IT.  S.  Cav.  October,  "62.  C.  G.  Sherbrook,  no 
record.  Adam  C.  Stites,  no  record.  H.  B. 
O'Brien,  no  record.  E.  F.  Leighton,  no  record. 
W.  Bofferding.  no  record.  James  D.  Weaver,  re- 
en.  March  24,  '64.  trans,  to  First  Battalion. 
William  W.  Iloklen.  no  record. 

COJfPANY  F. 

Bccni!ts~ll.  Blackwell.  en.  March  28,  '64,  no 
record.  Peter  J.  Bofferding,  en.  February  18, 
'64,  no  record.  E.  Jenkins,  en.  !March  28,  '64, 
no  record.  A.  Stanberry,  en.  March  29.  '64,  no 
record. 

COMPANY  I. 

Recruits—^.  Shook,  en.  Alarch  30,  1864,  no 
record.  Wm.  Schmeigart,  en.  March  23,  '64,  no 
record. 

COMPANY  K. 

Recruits — Samuel  M.  Burgess,  en.  November 
11,  '64,  dis.  for  disabl.  February  3.  '63.  Alfred 
Colburn,  en.  November  4,  '61.  dis.  for  disab. 
August  23,  '62.  Lewis  Hanson,  en.  Decemljer 
16,  '61,  deserted  October  24,  '62.  John  W.  Sul- 
ly, en.  November  20,  "61 ,  deserted  October  24,  '62. 
Augustus  II.  Smith,  en.  November  2-5,  "61,  killed 
July  2,  "63,  at  Gettysburg. 

The  First  Regiment  Infantry  was  organized 
April,  '61,  ordered  to  Washington,  D,  C,  June 
14,  "61.  Engaged  in  the  following  battles,  sieges 


and  skirmishes:  First  Bull  Run,  July  21,  "61: 
Edward's  Ferry,  October  22,  "61 ;  Yorktown, 
May  7,  '62;  Fair  Oaks,  June  1,  '62;  Peach 
Orchard,  June  29,  "62;  Savage  Station,  June  29. 
"62;  Glendale,  June  30;  Nelson"s  Farm,  Jmie 
30,  "62;  Malvern  Hill,  July  1,  "62;  Vienna,  Sep- 
tember 2,  "62 ;  Antietam,  September  17,  '62 ; 
First  Fredericksburg,  December  11,  12  and  13, 
"62 ;  Second  Fredericksburg,  May  3,  '63  ;  Gettys- 
burg, July  2  and  3,  "63,  and  Bristow  Station,  Oc- 
tober 14,  "63.  Discharged  at  Fort  Snelling,  Min- 
nesota, May  5,  1864. 

SECOND  REGIMENT    MINNESOTA    VOLLTNTEERS. 

Originally  commanded  by  Colonel  Horatio  P. 
VanCleve. 

Horatio  P.  Van  Cleve,  Col.,  com.  July  22.  "61. 
pro.  Brig.  Gen.  March  21,  "62. 

COMPANY   15 

Privates — James  Hamilton,  en.  June  26,  "61. 
re-en.  December  28,  '63,  dis.  with  regt.  James 
Rourke,  drftd.  September  26,  '64,  dis,  by  order. 
June  11,  '6.5.  George  W.  Stewart,  en.  Febru- 
ary 18,  '64,  dis  with  regt.  Josiah  Weaver,  drftd. 
January  28,  '65,  dis.  with  regt. 

COMPANY   C. 

Privates—Daniel  Black,  drftd  May  28.  "61.  dis. 
with  regt.,  July  11,  "65.  Stephen  Grover,  drftd. 
November  1.  "64,  dis.  from  hosp.  August  2.  "65. 

COMPANY   I). 

Alden  Kimball.  Sergt.  en.  July  .5.  "61 ,  lUs.  for 
disab.  October,  "62.  Edward  1?.  Perkins,  Corp., 
en.  July  5,  '61,  dis.  for  disab.  October  16,  '62. 
James  N.  Dudley,  mus..  en.  July  5,  '61.  dis.  for 
disal).  April  19,  '62. 

Privates — Lyman  Brewster,  en.  July  o.  "61.  dis. 
on  expiration  of  term.  July  4,  '63.  Albert  R. 
Hall,,  en.  July  o.  '61.  pro.  Corp.  Sergt.,  wounded 
at  Chickamauga.  dis,  on  expiration  of  term.  July 

4.  "64.  Fred.  A.  Jennings,  en.  July  o,  '61,  dis.  for 
disab.  March  9,  "63.  Alexander  Landril.  en.  July 
o.  "61,  re-en.  December  29,  "63.  pro.  Corp.  Sergt. 
dis.  July  11.  "65.    Eugene  B.  Nettleton,  en.  July 

5,  "61.  pro.  Corp.,  dis.  July  4,  '64,  expiration  of 
term.  Henry  Stoakes,  en.  July  5,  "61.  dis.  on  ex- 
piration of  term,  July  4,  '64.  Allen  Sexton,  en. 
July  0,  '61,  dis.  for  disab.  November  10,  '62. 
George  W.  Towle,  en.  July  5,  '61,  re-en.  Dec.  29, 


192 


HISTOIiY  OF  UENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


'63,  wounded  at  Chickamauga,  dis.  July  11,  '65. 
Leonard  Town,  en.  July  5,  '61,  died  at  Tuseum- 
bia,  Ala.,  August  2,  "62.  George  A.  Wheaton, 
en.  July  5,  '61,  dis.  on  expr.  of  term,  July  4th, 
"64.  James  Maxwell,  drafted  :May  28,  "(U,  pro. 
Corp.,  dis.  with  regt.  John  15. 1'aro.  sub.  May  30. 
'64.  ilis.  with  regt. 

COMPANY   K. 

Beciuits^.Jolui  Adelherger.  en,  September 
26,  "64.  dis.  by  order.  June  11.  "65.  James  E. 
Brown,  en.  September  26,  "61,  died  in  Chicago  of 
a  knife  wd.  rec'd.  in  a  row  May  18,  "64.  Joseph 
Ebert  en.  October  26,  '64,  dis.  by  order  June  11. 
"65,  Anthony  J^bert,  en.  October  26.  "64.  dis.  l)y 
order,  June  12,  "6o.  John  Salenting,  en.  May  26, 
"64,  died  at  Savannah,  Ga..  December  28,  '64. 
John  Tliur.  en.  October  8.  "64.  dis.  by  order.  May 

26,  "Bo.  Henry  Truxes.  en.  Septeml)er  26,  "(U, 
dis.  by  order  war  dept..  June  11.  "65. 

COJIPANY  F. 

Charles  11.  Friend.  Corp.,  en.  July  8,  "61,  re-en. 
December  29.  "63,  pro.  2d  Lieut.,  1st  Lieut,  and 
dis.  with  regt.  William  Blake,  mus.,  en.  July  8, 
'61,  threw  away  his  drum  and  took  a  gun  at  ^lill 
Spring,  dis.  for  disabl.  August  9,  "62. 

Privates — Charles  J.  Atwater.  en.  July  8.  "61, 
dis.  for  disabl.  Jtnie  9,  '62.  Louis  Allers,  eh. 
July  8,  "61.  dis.  expir.  of  term.  July  7.  "64.  Ferd 
Birck,  en.  July  S.  "61.  re-en.  December  23,  '63, 
dis.  with  regt.     Conrad  Lutz.  diftd.  November 

27,  '64,  dis,  with  regt.  Joseph  Pohl,  sub.  May  30, 
"64,  dis.  by  order,  June  9,  '65.  Christian  Kankin. 
drftd.  May  28.  '64.  dis.  from  hospital,  July  14,  "65. 
Henry  Astrope,  en.  September  27,  '61,  re-en. 
December  23.  "63.  dis.  for  disabl..  .January  17, 
'65.  AVilliam  Mattin.  en.  July  8.  "61.  re-en.  De- 
cemljer  29,  "63,  pro.  I'orp.  and  dis.  with  regt. 
Joseph  ^Mc.Vlpin.  en.  July  8.  "61.  dis.  for  disabl. 
June  25,  "62.  Joseph  Molan,  en.  July  8.  "61,  destd. 
October  10,  "61.  George  Rutherford,  en.  July  8, 
"61.  re-en.  December  23,  "63.  wounded  at  Kene- 
saw  Mt.,  discharged  for  disabl.  .January  17,  '65. 

C'OJIP.VNY  G. 

Pnroies— F.  Bhomback,  en.  .Inly  8.  "61.  killed 
at  Mill  Spring,  January  19,  "62.  L.  Hoffman  en. 
July  8,  "61,  dis.  on  exp.  of  term.  July  7,  1864. 
Charles  Orth.  en.  July  8,  "61.  dis.  for  disab.  May 
3,  '62.    Charles  Rorhback.   en.  July  8,  '61,  dis. 


for  disab.  Kovember  20,  '61.  Nicholas  Rossbach, 
en  July  8,  '61,  re-en.  December  26,  '64,  pro.  Corp. 
Sergt.  dis.  witli  regt.  Bateus  Webber,  en.  July 
8,  "61,  wd.  at  Chickamauga,  dis.  June  11,  1864. 
Jacob  Wohlers.  en.  July  8,  61.  deserted  at  Louis- 
ville, Oct»b'er  1.  "62. 

lieendts — Joseph  Hoifman.  en.  July  15,  '61, 
dis.  with  regt.  John  Igel.  drafted  :May  30  "64, 
dis  with  regt.  John  Miller,  drafted  September 
26,  "64,  dis.  by  order  June  10,  "65.  Nicholas 
Rossback.  en.  Feb  27.  "64.  Pro.  Corp.  dis.  with 
regt.  Reinhardt  Rielietli.  suli.  February  lotli, 
"65,  dis.  with  regt.  Herman  Radentz,  en.  Sep- 
tember 21.  "61,  killed  at  Chickamauga.  Septem- 
ber, 20  1863.  Henry  Strohl)ack.  en.  February 
26,  '64,  dis.  with  regt.  Peter  Schumacker,  drafted 
May  27,  "64,  dis.  witli  regt.  William  Scljiltz, 
drafted  September  26,  "64,  dis.  by  order  Jiuie  10, 
'65.  Wm.  Schuler.  drafted  September  26,  "64, 
dis.  by  order,  June  10,  "65.  Christiiui  IL  Sander, 
en.  March  6.  "62,  re-en.  December  '26,  64,  pro. 
Corp.  Sgt.  dis.  with  regt.  Balthaser  Tschudy  en. 
December  15.  "63.  pro.  Corp.  dis.  with  regiment. 
John  W.  Tschudy.  en.  September  5,  '64,  dis.  by 
order  June  10.  "65. 

COJIPANY    II. 

Joseph  Burgher,  en.  July  15,  "61,  re-en.  Dec. 
18.  "63,  dis.  for  disabl.  June  17.  '62.  E.  T.  Cressy, 
drftd.  September  30,  "61,  destd.  May,  "62,  retd. 
March  28,  "63,  dis.  on  expr.  of  term,  June  15,  '65. 

COMPANY  I. 

Fred"k.  C.  Shepherd,  Sergt.  en.  July  30,  "61, 
dis.  on  expr.  of  term.  July  11,  "65.  AVilliam 
Bending.  Corp.,  en.  August  12.  "61,  re-en.  Dec, 
'63,  pro.  Sergt..  2d  Lieut.,  dis.  ,j  uly  11,  '65. 

P/v"r«(es— John  S.  Berti'and,  en.  July  30,  '61, 
captd.  by  enemy  at  Chickamauga,  died  in  Auder- 
sonville  prison.  Hiram  Haskell,  en.  July  30,  "61, 
trans,  to  Y.  R.  C,  April  28,  "64.  Cliarles  B.  Lay- 
man, en.  September  8,  "61.  re-en.  December,  "63, 
dis.  with  regt.  Isaac  Layman,  en.  September  8, 
"61,  wd.  at  Chickamauga,  dis.  on  expr.  of  term. 
Septendier  5.  "64.  Albert  Parker,  en.  Septem- 
ber 5.  "61.  wd.  at  Chickamauga,  dis.  on  expr.  of 
term.  Septenil)er  12,  "64.  Roderick  Parker,  en. 
Septendier  11.  "61.  died  at  Lebanon,  Ky..  March 
1,  "62.  John  Wheeler,  en.  July  30,  "61,  re-en. 
December.  '63,  dis.  July  11,  '65. 


SECOND  REGIMENT  INFANTRY. 


193 


Recruits — George  Burton,  drftd.  March  8,  '65, 
dis.  with  regt.  James  Crammond,  en.  February 
24,  '64,  dis.  with  regt.  Washington  Kader,  en. 
February  2-5,  '64,  dis  with  regt.  Geo.  W.  Stone, 
en.  September  23,  '61,  re-en.  December,  "63,  pro. 
Corp.  Sergt.,  dis.  with  regt.  Jonathan  B.  Serrel. 
en.  February  27,  '64,  pro.  Corp.,  dis.  with  regt. 
John  ^V.  Tewall,  en.  February  8,  '6.5,  dis.  with 
regt. 

COMPANY   K. 

William  W.  Woodbury,  1st  Lieut.,  en.  August 
23,  '61,  pro.  Capt.  resigned  July,  '64. 

Privates — William  Hamilton,  en.  August  26, 
'61,  wd.  Chiekamauga,  dis.  on  expr.  of  term 
Lyman  S.  Martin,  en.  August  30,  '61,  dis.  on 
expr.  of  term  August  3(1,  '64.  ('has.  W.  Strong, 
en.  August  26,  '61,  re-en.  December,  "64,  dis.  for 
disabl.  Kovember,  10,  "63.  Lewis  Wakefield,  en. 
August  21,  '61,  dis.  for  disabl.  March,  "62.  Wil- 
liam Wilson,  en.  August  26,  "61,  dis.  by  reason 
of  wds.  rec'd.  at  Mill  Spring.  Godfield  Dien. 
drftd.  May  26,  '64,  dis.  from  hospital,  '6.5.  John 
Kiser,  drftd.  May  28,  '64,  dis.  from  hospital,  '65. 
Warren  Merriman.  en.  May  28,  '64,  dis.  from 
hospital,  '65. 

SECOND   REGIMENT   INFANTKY, 

organized  July,  "61,  ordered  to  Louisville,  Ky.. 
October,  '61,  and  assigned  to  the  army  of  the 
Ohio.  Engaged  in  the  following  marches,  bat- 
tles, skirmishes  and  sieges,  viz :  Mill  Spring. 
January  10,  '62;  Siege  of  Corinth,  April,  "62; 
transferred  to  the  army  of  the  Tennessee,  Bragg"s 
Baid,  Perryville,  October  8,  "62;  skirmishes  of 
the  Tullahoma  compaign,  Chiekamauga,  Septem- 
ber 10  and  20,  "63;  Mission  Uidge,  November  25, 
'68 ;  Veteranized  January,  "64.  ]5attles  and 
skirmishes  of  the  Atlanta  campaign,  viz : 
Resaca,  June  14,  15,  and  16,  '6f ;  Jonesboro, 
Sherman"s  march  through  Georgia  and  the  Caro- 
Unas,  Bentonville,  March  19,  '65.  Discharged  at 
Fort  Snelling,  July  11, '65. 

THIRD   REGIMENT   INFANTRY. 

originally  commanded  by  Col.  Henry  C.  Lester. 
Levi  Butler,  Surgeon,  en.  November  11,  '61, 
resnd.  September,  '63.  Moses  R.  Greeley,  Asst. 
Surgeon,  September  5,  '62,  dis.  with  regt. 

COMPANY'  A,  ENROLLED   OCTOBER,  '61. 

James  P.  Hewlett,  1st  Lieut.,  ap.  regt.  Q.  M., 
13  * 


res.  March  2,  '64.  Adolphus  Elliott,  2d  Lieut, 
pro.  1st  Lieut.,  dismissed  December  1,  '62.  E.  R. 
Jaques,  Sergt,  re-en.  December  '64,  dis.  Septem- 
ber 2,  '65.  Joseph  H.  Smith,  Sergt.,  dis.  for 
disabl.  April  10,  '62.  Jesse  G.  Jones,  Corp., 
pro.  Com.  Sergt.  October  5,  '63.  Alfred  B.  Rob- 
inson, Mus.,  dis.  for  disab.,  June,  '62.  II.  F. 
Thompson,  Wag.,  dis.  on  expr.  of  term,  Sep- 
tember 30,  "64. 

Prn-ates— William  Atkinson,  dis.  for  disabl. 
March  10,  "62.  Irenus  Atkinson,  re-en.  Decem- 
ber 23,  '63,  dis.  with  regt.  William  Bisko,  died 
at  Duvall's  Bluff,  Ark.,  September  11,  '63.  A.  B. 
Carson,  re-en.  December  23,  '63,  dis.  with  regt. 
Seldon  Coleman,  dis.  on  expr.  of  term  November 
14,  "64.  M.  N.  Coleman,  dis.  on  expr.  of  term 
November  14,  '64.  A.  N.  Coleman,  dis.  on  expr. 
of  term,  Noveml)er  14,  '64.  John  A.  Coleman, 
dis.  for  disabl.  July,  "62.  H.  L.  Councilman  dis. 
for  disabl.,  March  29,  '62.  A.  N.  Doyle,  dis.  on 
expr.  of  term,  November  14,  '64.  L.  E.  Dudley, 
dis.  for  disabl.,  February  5,  '63.  William  Foster, 
re-en.  December  23,  '63,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C,  Jan- 
uary 13,  '65.  Cornelius  Frederick,  re-en.  Decem- 
ber 23,  '63,  pro.  Corp.  and  discharged  with  regt. 
Dudley  Green,  dis.  for  disab.,  October,  '62. 
Thomas  H.  Green,  pro.  1st  Lieut,  in  the  57  V.  S. 
Col.  Inf.,  September  28,  '64.  M.  P.  Hamilton 
re-en.  December  23,  "63,  dis.  with  regt.  Ezra  M. 
Heald,  re-en.  December  23,  '63,  dis.  with  regt. 
Samuel  W.  Heald,  died  at  Columbus,  Ky.,  Sep- 
tember 10,  "63.  Daniel  II.  Hunt,  trans,  to  V.  R. 
C,  November  18,  "63.  Abner  Hough,  pro.  1st 
Sergt.,  dis.  for  disabl.,  February  16,  "64.  John 
Jones,  dis.  on  expr.  of  term,  November  14,  '64. 
W.  A.  Kemp,  re-en.  December  23,  '63,  destd. 
February  3,  '65.  George  S.  Maxfleld,  re-en. 
December  23,  "63,  pro.  Corp.,  dis.  with  regt. 
Jos.  B.  McCaslin,  died  at  Little  Rock,  Ark., 
Angust  8,  '64.  Patrick  McDonald,  dis.  for  disabl. 
April  10,  '62.  George  W.  Moor,  pro.  Corp.,  dis. 
on  expr.  of  term,  November  14,  '64.  J.  "V".  Mont- 
gomery, died  at  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  August  16,  '64. 
George  Nott,  dis.  for  disabl.,  July,  '62.  Josiali 
Oathoudt,  no  record.  Charles  W.  A.  Nixdd,  pro 
Sergt.,  2d  Lieut.,  1st  Lieut,  and  Capt.,  res. 
August,  "64.  Ezra  F.  Peabody,  no  record.  Jay 
Pratt,  dis.  on  expr.  of  term,  November  14,  '64. 
James  C.  Price,  re-en.  December  23,  '63,  dis.  for 
disabl.,  July  21,  '65.    James  R.  Putnam,  pro.  2d 


194 


HIS  TOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Lieut.  Company  K,  JanuaiT  9.  '62.  res.  Septem- 
ber 18.  "6-1.  S.  J.  Kaymoud.  died  en  route  from 
Louisville  to  Xashville.  March  31.  "62.  Edwin 
E.  Ross,  killed  at  Wood  Lake.  :\Iinn..  September 
23,  "62.  IVter  Rosskop,  dis.  on  expr.  of  term. 
November  14,  "64.  "William  M.  Stiles,  re-en. 
December  23.  "63,  dis.  with  regt.  Cliarles  M. 
Sydlinker.  dis.  on  expr.  of  term.  Xov.  14.  "64. 

i?(>cr»!"(.<— Joseph  Braseh.  en.  August  29.  "64, 
dis.  by  order  July  23.  "65.  C.  II.  McCausland. 
en.  Fel)ruary.  29.  "64.  dis.  with  regt.  John  S. 
Mrllett,  en.  Mar.  22,  "64.  dis.  by  order  June  2(1.  "65. 

Drafted — Henry  Dryer,  en.  Jmie  2-5.  "64.  dis. 
with  regt.  Adam  Ilohenstein.  en.  June  2-5.  "64. 
dis.  witli  regt.  Frederick  Sluilte.  en.  Jmie  2o. 
"64,  dis.  witli  regt.  Anthony  Trump,  en.  June 
25.  "64,  dis.  by  order  June  2(1.  "6.5.  Josepli  Palm, 
en.  June  2o.  "64,  died  at  Pine  Bluft',  Ark.,  Sep- 
tember 23.  "64. 

C05IPAXT   B. 

Private — George  Selon.  en.  Xovemher  7,  '61, 
re-en.  February  2.  "64.  dis.  by  order  April  29,  "6o. 

COMPANY   F. 

Privattrf: — James  H.  Deremer.  en.  November  8, 
"SI,  re-en.  Dec.  20.  "63,  dis.  with  regt.  Baaron 
Fowley,  en.  Novemlier  8.  "6],  dis.  for  disab.  Feb- 
ruary 5,  "63.  Neamiah  "Warts,  en.  November  8. 
"61.  dis.  on  exp.  of  term.  November  14.  "64. 

COMPANY    G. 

Prii-atea — Stephen  Rhodes,  en.  November  6, 
"61.  pro.  Sergt.,  2d  Lieut.,  1st  Lieut.,  dismissed 
from  service.  James  "W.  Kelsey.  drftd.  June  27, 
"()4.  dis.  for  disab.  September  23.  "64.  Frank 
Hatcher,  drftd.  June  26.  "(U.  dis.  with  regt. 

COMPANY   H. 

Private — Peter  Meurer.  recruit,  en.  September 
1.  "64.  dis,  by  order  July  28,  "li-i,  Henry  Fane, 
en.  "64.  dis.  with  regt. 

COMPANY   T. 

Privates — David  Blackburn,  en.  November  6. 
"(il.  died  at  Snyder's  Bluff.  Miss..  July  19. '(13. 
Philander  Chamberlain,  en.  Nov.  6.  "61.  trans,  to 
Co.  A.  re-en.  December  "(iH.dis.  witli  regt.  Chas. 
A.  Hale.  en.  November  6.  "61.  dis.  for  disabl. 
Fredk.  Redlon.  en.  November  6."  61.  dis.  for 
disabl.  November  7.  '63.  Peter  Yadner,  recruit, 
en.  February   U.  "64.  dis.  with  regt.    Augustin 


Shoret.  drftd.  June  25,  '64. 

Tenn,,  November  29.  '64. 


died  at  Memphis, 


THIRD  KK(;mENT  MINNESOT.\  IXFANTKY. 

Organized  October,  1861,  ordered  to  Nashville. 
Tenn..  March,  1862,  eaptin-ed  and  paroled  at 
Murfreeslioro.  Tenn.,  July.  1862.  ordered  to  St. 
Louis.  Mo.,  thence  to  Minnesota.  Participated 
in  the  battle  of  Wood  Lake,  September,  18t>2, 
I  ordered  to  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  November,  1863. 

Veteranized  Januarv  istit.     Engaged  in  the  bat- 

f  '  •-   • 

'  tie  of  Fitzliugh"s  Woods.  March  30.  1864:  order- 
ed to  Pine  Bluff.  Ark..  April  1864:  thence  to 
Duvairs  Bluff  October  1864:  mustered  out  at 
Duvairs  Bluff.  September  2.  186-5:  discharged 
at  Fort  Snelling. 

FOURTH    REGIMENT   MINNESOTA    INFANTRY, 

' 

originally  commanded  by  Col.  John  B.  Sanborn. 

COMPANY  A.  ENROLLED  OCT..  '61. 

Privates. — Thomas  Craig,  womided,  re-en.  De- 
cember 30,  '63,  pro.  Corp.,  dis.  July  19,  '60.  Thom- 
as Small,  pro.  Corp..  killed  by  acdl.  dis.  of  gun. 
October  12,  "62.  Riifus  P.  Wells,  pro.  Corp.,  1st 
Lt.  Capt.  Co.  C,  January  7.  64.  dis.  with  regt. 
Chas.  Barkow,  recriut,  en.  '64,  dis,  with  regt. 

COMPANY  B.  ENROLLED   OCT..  '61. 

WUliam  Knable.  Corp.,  pro.  Sergt..  dis.  at  ex. 
of  term.  Oct.  11,  '64. 

Privates — Martin  Luther,  died  September  23, 
"63.  Edward  Ziebarth.  dis.  at  exp.  of  term,  Oc- 
tober 11.  "64.  Cliarles  Ziebarth.  re-en.  .January 
1,  "64,  pro.  Corp..  dis.  July  18.  "65- 

COMP.\NY  C,  ENROLLED  OCT..    "61. 

Privates — Andrew  J.  Brown,  died  Jan.  14,  '63. 
Otis  B.  Bailey,  dis.  for  disab.  Oct.  2,  '62.  Moody 
A.  Bailey,  dis.  fen-  disab..  March  25,  "63.  Joseph 
(ioyette.  re-en.,  dis.  June  28.  '65.  for  disab.  John 
N.  Morrell.  dis.  for  disab.,  September  12,  '62, 
Benjamin  A.  Rice,  re-en,  Jan.  1,  '64,  pro,  Corp,, 
dis.  with  regt.  Dow  Rosenbuig.  dis.  for  disab.. 
Decemlier  9.  "62.  Benjamin  Robinson,  dis.  on 
exp.  of  term.  October  11,  '64,  John  R.  Rich,  dis., 
for  disab..  (October  23,  '62.  Thomas  II.  Reeves, 
re-en..  Januai\v  1,  "64.  pro.  Corp.  .'^ergt..dis.  with 
regt.  Morris  Woesner.  re-en..  January  1.  "64. 
dis.  with  regt.  O.  N.  Washburn,  died  at  Farm- 
ington.  Miss..  August  15.  "62.  Carroll  Wilkius. 
dis.  exp.  term.  October  11.  "64. 


FIFTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY. 


195 


COJIPANY  D. 

Privates— John  Maltcan,  en.  Aug.  30,  '64,  dis. 
with  regt.  Walter  L.  Winter,  drafted  May  27, 
"64,  pro.  Corp.  dis.  with  regiment. 

COMPANY  E. 

Privates — James  BilUngs,  en.  October  10,  "61, 
re-en.  January  1,  "64,  dis.  witli  regt.  Ezra  M. 
Timson,  en,  October  10,  '61,  re-en.  January  1, 
"64,  dis.  witli  regiment  Emil  Caudeaux,  sub. 
January  6,  "6.5,  dis.  with  regt.  Micliael  Ilizer. 
drafted  December  14,  "64,  dis.  witli  regt.  Leonard 
Lenzen,  en.  "64,  dis.  April  23,  '6.5. 

COMPANY  F. 

Privates — Richard  F.  Reeves  en.  November 
16,  "61,  re-en.  January  1.  "64.  pro.  Corp.  dis.  with 
regt.  R.  B.  Langdon.  en.  Septenilier  2.  "64,  dis. 
by  order  .June  12.  "6-5. 

COMPANY  <T,  UNROLLED   NOVEMKEK.  "61 . 

Joseph  ]\Ieyer.  Corp.  dis.  August  16.  "63  for 
pro.  iu  12th  La.  A'ors. 

Privates — Conrad  Brustle,  dis.  for  ilisah.  Sep- 
tember 8,  "62.  J.  F.  Grepe,  re-en.  January  1,  "64 
pro.  Corp.  Sergt.  dis.  with  regt.  AVm.  F.  Iloltz, 
dis.  for  disab.  July  29,  "62.  Clement  Lovely, 
dis.  for  disal).  August  11,  "62.  Lott  Palmer, 
transferred  to  V.  II.  C. 

COMPANY  ir. 

W.  J.  Maxtield,  wag.  en.  December  2(1,  "61. 
re-en.  January  1,  "64,  dis.  July  19,  "65.  A.  L. 
Cummings,  priv.  en.  December  20.  "61.  dis.  for 
disab.  August  22,  "63. 

COMPANY   I. 

Private — Ephriani  Dudley,  recruit,  en.  Septem- 
ber 2,  '64,  died  October  7,  "64.  of  wds.  rec'd.  at 
Altoona,  Ga. 

COMPANY   K. 

S.  M.  Milhollin,  Corp.,  en.  Dec.  23,  ."61.  died 
December  16,  "62.  at  Quincy,  111. 

Prira^e— Christian  Bi-ezett.  drftd.  May  28,  "64, 
dis.  with  regt. 

FOURTH   REGJIMKNT   INFAXTUY. 

organized  December  23,  '61  ;  ordered  to  Benton 
Barracks,  Mo.,  April  19,  "()2;  assigned  to  the 
army  of  the  Mississippi,  May  4,  "62  ;  participated 
in  the  following  battles,  skirmishes,  seiges,  and 
marches :  Seige  of  Corintli,  April,  "62  ;  luka, 
September  19,  "62  ;  Corinth,  October  3  and  4,  "62  ; 


seige  of  Vicksburg,  Forty  Hills,  Raymond,  Jack- 
son, Champion  Hills.  Assault  of  Vicksburg,  cap- 
ture of  Vicksburg,  July  4,  "63 ;  transferred  from 
Seventeenth  to  Sixteenth  Corps,  Mission  Kidge, 
November  2-5,  "63;  Veteranized,  January,  "64; 
Altoona,  July,  '64 ;  Sherman's  march  through 
Georgia  and  the  Carolinas,  Bentonville.  ^larch 
20,  "6.5  ;  Mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  19. 
"6.5  ;  discharged  at  Fort  Snelling,  Minnesota. 

FIFTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY,  MINN.  VOLS., 

originally  commanded  l)y  Colonel  Rndoli)h  Bor- 
gesrode. 

Field  and  iitajf'  Officers — William  IL  Leonard, 
Surgeon,  November  22,  "62,  pro.  from  Asst.  Sur., 
dis.  with  regt.,  September  6,  '65.  James  F. 
Chaffee,  Chaplain.  May  17,  "62,  res.  June,  23,  "62. 

COMPANY   D,  ENROLLED    MARCH,    "62. 

Louis  Carle,  Corp.,  destd.,  January  30,  "64. 
Pierre  Dupre,  Wag.,  destd..  July  22,  '62. 

Privates — Michael  ]}rouillette,  dis.  for  disab., 
February  5,  "63.  Clement  Dubay,  re-en.,  March 
11.  "64,  dis.  with  regt.  Baptiste  Joinville,  re-en., 
February  19,  "64,  pro.  Corp.  dis.  witli  regt.  Henry 
Koeher,  re-en.  Feliruary  19.  "64.  jiro.  Corp.  dis. 
with  regt. 

COMPANY    E.    ENROLLED    APRIL.    "62. 

Pc/r((^f.s'— John  Barbalin.  re-en.  Felu'uary  28. 
"64.  dis.  with  regt.  Killian  Barberich,  mortally 
wd.  hat.  of  Nashville,  Tenn.,  December  16,  "64, 
died  December  21 .  "64.  Jacob  Dill,  dis.  on  exp.  of 
term.  Jlichael  Fenerker,  killed  in  bat.  October 
4,  '62.  Joseph  Herman,  dis.  for  disal).,  Septemljer 
18,  "62.  Ferdinand  Kern,  died  at  Memphis,  Tenn.. 
September  22.  "63.  Mathias  Logley.  wd.  October 
■f)2.  dis.  for  disab.,  March  31,  "63.  .Julius  Motz. 
destd.,  January  2,  "63,  Alton  prison,  dis.  on  exp. 
of  term.  Anton  Marther,  re-en.  March  12,  "64, 
pro.  Corp.  wd.,  December  16,  "64.  dis.  with  regt. 
Thomas  Reilly,  traiisfd.  to  Co.  K.,  May].  "62, 
dis.  with  regt. 

COMPANY  F,  ENROLLED  APRIL.  "62. 

Privates— Peier  Bottineau,  re -en.  Februar>  ' 
13,  "64,  pro.  Corp  dis.  with  regt.  Andrew  Israel- 
son,  re-en.  March  20,  1864,  died  August  24,  "64. 
at  Abbeyville,  Miss.,  by  wounds.  Alfred  Jar- 
vis,  wounded  in  battle  Corinth,  dis.  for  disab. 
Septeml)er  30,  "62.    Simon  Paul,  re-en.  February 


196 


HISTORY  OF  HEXXEPIN  COUXTY. 


13.  '64,  pro.  Cori>.  dis.  ^xith  regt. 
ilis.  exp.  of  term  March  23.  "6o. 


Severe  Reaoh. 


COilPANT  G. 


James  Beaupre.  priv.  en.  April  24.  "lii.  re-en. 
February  26.  "64,  dis  with  i-egt. 

C03IPANY  I,  EXKOLLED  APRIL,  1862. 

Timothy  OXeary,  Sergt.,  dis.  for  disab.  De- 
cember 8,  "62.  Henry  B.  Dike,  mus.,  re-en. 
February  27,  "64.  dis.  with  regt.  Thomas  Quig- 
ley,  wag.,  transferred  to  V.  E.  (".  October  17. 
1864. 

Prirates—'S .  J.  Burns,  pro.  hosp.  steward, 
transferred  to  X.  C.  S.  Geo.  AV.  Calvert,  pro. 
Coi-p.  Sergt.  re-en.  March  31,  "64,  dis  with  regt. 
John  Daly,  dis  for  disab.  March  5,  "63.  Daniel 
Leo,  destd.  March  14,  "63,  at  Memphis.  —  Mc- 
Xame.  pro.  Coi-p.,  died  July  11,  "63.  .Jolui  Mc- 
Laughlin, dested.  March  14,  "63,  at  ;Memi>liis. 
Patrick  Xoon,  dis.  for  disab.  Hugh  Weir.  pris. 
paroled  dis.  by  order  Jmie  14,  "65. 

COMPAXT  K. 

Privates — Thomas  KeiUy,  en.  March  4,  "62, 
transferred  to  Company  F.  Mar  31.  "64.  Tlios. 
AValsh,  en.  January  7.  "62,  dis.  for  disab.  October 
4,  '62. 

SKETCH   OF   THE   FIFTH    REGIMENT.  IXFAXTRY. 
JIIXNESOTA   VOU-XTEERS. 

Organized  May  "62 ;  ordered  to  Pittsburg 
Landing.  May  9,  '62.  a  detachment  of  three  com- 
panies remaining  in  ^Mimiesota  guarding  frontier 
posts.  Participated  in  the  following  marches, 
battles,  sieges,  and  skirmishes  :  Siege  of  Corinth. 
April  and  May,  "62.  The  detachment  in  Minne- 
sota engaged  in  battle  with  Indians  at  Eedwood, 
Miim.,  Aug.  IS,  "62:  siege  of  Fort  Eidgely.  Aug. 
20,  21,  22,  "62 ;  Fort  Abercrombie,  D.  T.,  Angust 
'62.  Regiment  assigned  to  16th  Army  Corps. 
Engaged  in  the  battles  of  luka.  Sept.  18.  "62 ; 
Corinth,  Oct.  3  and  4,  "62:  Jackson.  Temi.,  May 
14,  "63 ;  siege  of  Yicksburg.  assault  of  "\'icksburg. 
May  22,  "63 ;  ilechanicsburg,  Julie  3,  "63 ;  Rich- 
mond, June  15.  "63  ;  Fort  de  Eussy,  La.,  March 
14,  "64 :  Red  Eiver  Expedition,  March.  April  and 
May;  "64;  Lake  Chicat,  June  6.  "64;  Tupelo. 
June,  "64;  veteranized,  July.  "64;  Abbey\'iUe, 
August  23,  "64  :  marched  in  September,  "64,  from 
Brownsville,  Ark.,  to  Cape  Giiadeau.  Mo.;  thence 
b\    boat   to  Jefferson   Citv :   thence  to  Kansas 


state  line ;  thence  to  St.  Louis.  Mo.;  ordered  to 
Xashville,  Tenn..  Xov.,  "64;  engaged  in  battles 
at  Xashville.  Dec.  lo  and  16,  "64 ;  Spanish  Fort 
and  Fort  Blakely,  April.  "65.  Mustered  out  at 
Demopolis,  Ala,  Sept.  6,  "65.  Discharged  at  Fort 
Snelling. 

SIXTH    REGIMENT  INFANTRY. 

origiiiall>    commanded  by  Col.  William  Crooks. 

COMP-VNY   .\. 

Privates — .John  Wright,  en.  October  1.  "62. 
trans,  to  Third  Minnesota  Battery,  May  1,  "63. 
John  Chalmers,  en.  October  1.  "62.  jiii).  Coi-p.. 
dis.  with  regt. 

COMPANY    B,   ENROLLED   OCTOBER,   "62. 

Orlando  C.  Meiriman.  Capt..  res.  June  6.  "64. 
William  Grant.  1st  Lieut.,  pro.  ('apt..  June  6.  "64, 
dis.  with  regt.  August  19,  "65.  Henry  A.  Par- 
tridge. 2d  Lieut.,  pro.  1st  Lieut.  June  6.  "64,  dis 
on  expr.  of  term,  July,  "65.  T.  11.  Wheeler,  1st 
Sergt.,  pro.  2d  Lieut.  Jime  6,  "64,  died  December 
30,  "64,  at  St.  Louis.  William  Moore,  Sergt.. 
pro.  2d  Lieut.,  January  1,  "65,  ilis.  with  regt. 
F.  X.  Fleming.  Sergt.,  pro.  1st  Sergt.,  Februai'y 
14,  "65,  dis  with  regt.  L.  P.  Plummer,  Sergt., 
trans,  to  72d  colored  regt.,  as  2d  Lieut.  P. 
Benjamin.  Sergt.,  dis.  with  regt.  William  P.  C. 
Hawk,  Corp.,  dis.  for  disabl.  August  16,  '65 
Edward  R.  Xorris,  Cori)-,  pro.  Sergt.,  dis.  for 
disabl.  September  17,  "64.  Bela  F.  Burrill.  Coi-p., 
dis.  with  regt.  Leonard  T.  Young.  Corp.,  pro. 
Sergt.,  dis.  July  28,  "65.  Thomas  Hanney,  Corp., 
pro.  Sergt.,  dis.  with  regt.  James  Lafans.  Corp., 
dis.  with  regt.  Marcus  Brownell,  Corji..  dis.  for 
disabl.,  October  11.  "64.  A.  B.  Robinson,  Mus., 
dis.  with  regt.  .James  H.  Jones,  Mus..  dis.  with 
regt.  F.  S.  Mitchell.  Wag.,  dis.  Ity  order. 
May  3,  "65. 

Primtex — Miles  Allen,  died  August  6,  "64,  at 
Helena,  Ark.  Simeon  Auer.  transfd.  to  Y.  E.  C, 
October  1.  "63.  David  Angus,  dis.  with  regt. 
Eben  J.  Bragdon,  died,  January  3,  "65,  at  Jef- 
ferson Barrack.s,  St.  Louis,  Missouri.  Henry 
Brewer,  died.  Xovember  1.  '63,  at  Fort  Snelling. 
L.  M.  Bartlow.  transfd  to  Y.  R.  C.  October  1, 
"63.  WilUam  H.  Bartlow,  pro.  Coi-p..  dis.  with 
regt.  William  W.  Birch,  died  Xovember  1 .  "64.  at 
Jefferson  Barracks.  Merrill  A.  Bailey,  transfd  to 
Y.  R.  C.  October  1.  "63.     Alonzo  Birch,  died  at 


SIXTH  BEGIMENT  INFANTRY. 


197 


Fort  Snelling,  December  5,  '62.  James  C.  Bran- 
den,  (lied  Jidy  5,  '65,  at  Mnntftomery.  Alaliama. 
William  Batdorf.  died  September  8,  "(U.  at  Hele- 
na, Ark.  Benjamin  Colburn,  sick  in  liospital  at 
dis.  of  regt.,  September  7,  '65.  Francis  A.  Clay, 
dis.  with  regt.  John  Chalmers,  transfd.  to  Com- 
pany A.  November  1 ,  "62.  Edwin  Cooley,  transfd 
to  3d  Minn.  Batt.  Robert  Dike,  transfd  to  V.  R. 
C,  October  1 ,  "63.  George  H.  Day,  dis.  for  disab., 
May  23,  65.  Simeon  Farrington.  dis.  for  disab., 
Febrnary,  "65.  treorge  A.  Forbes,  transfd.  to  3d 
Minn.  Batt.  George  Forsyth,  dis.  Jnne  2,  '62. 
J.  L.  Flemming.  dis.  per  order,  July  24,  "65. 
M.  A.  Getchell.  dis.  for  disab.  November  26,  '62. 
John  Galbraith,  dis.  for  disab.  May  31 .  '65.  Jona- 
than L.  Grave,  dis.  with  regt.  Charles  T.  Grave, 
dis.  with  regt.  Eben  Howe;  dis.  for  disab.,  March 
2,  '63.  Samuel  Howe,  dis.  with  regt.  Joel  F. 
Howe,  transfd.  to  V.  R.  C,  October  1,  '63.  An- 
drew Huff,  pro.  Corp.  dis.  with  regt.  Charles 
H.  Hopper,  dis.  with  regt.  Peter  W.  Howe,  dis. 
for  disab.  March  28,  '63.  Levi  T.  Hanson,  dis. 
October  11,  '64,  at  Jefferson  Bks.  L.  C.  John- 
son dis.  for  disab.  March  21,  '64.  Cliarles  E. 
Jenkinson,  transferred  to  V.  R.  C.  October  1, 
'63.  Levi  Longfellow,  transfd.  to  N.  C.  S.  as  prin- 
cipal musician,  dis.  with  regt.  ]Maich  1,  '65.  Chas. 
H.  Ijibby.  dis.  for  disali.  February  17,  '65.  A. 
S.  Lane.  dis.  with  regt.  August  19,  "65.  Wesley 
Lambert,  dis.  with  regt.  August  19.  "65.  S.  C. 
Miller,  transfd.  to  7th  regt.  October  14,  1.S62. 
Ennis  :McGary,  pro.  Corp.,  dis.  with  regt.  Sam- 
uel McLean,  dis.  for  disab.  May  9,  '63.  1'.  Mc- 
Farland.  dis.  with  regt.  Robert  ilcLeod.  dis. 
for  disab.  May  9,  '63.  E.  :M.  Jlunch,  dis.  for  disali. 
March  8,  '64.  Hiram  Millet  dis.  for  disab.  March 
20,  '63.  Lewis  Miller,  dis.  with  regt.  transfd, 
to  N.  C.  S.  as  principal  musician,  f)ctober  10,  64. 
James  McManus.  dis.  at  Muntgomery.  Ala.  July 
10,  65.  Augustus  Miller,  dis.  for  disab.  Jlay  8, 
'63.  Thos.  O.  Xevens,  dis.  with  regt.  David 
Perkins,  died  in  hospital  January  26.  '63,  at  Ft. 
Snelling.  Samuel  N.  Pavitt.  dis.  foi-  disab.  No- 
vember 9.  "64.  John  Rank,  dis.  with  regt.  An- 
drew Ramsey,  dis.  for  disab.  ^Marcli  20,  '63.  Da- 
vid Ramsey,  dis.  with  regt.  August  19,  1865. 
Daniel  S.  Styner,  pro.  Sergt.  dis.  with  regt. 
Enos  P.  Stubbs,  died  October  21,  "64.  at  Helena, 
Arkansas.  William  R.  Sbeiiard.  discharged  by 
order  May  3,  '65.   John  1).  Stafford  dis,  with  regt. 


Richard  F.  Smith,  des.  Feb.  9,  63.  at  Camp  Pope. 
Silas  Somers.  died  November  9,  '64,  at  Jefferson 
Barracks.  Andrew-  Thompson,  pro.  Cori).,  dis. 
with  regt.  Stephen  Talbert,  destd.  June  2,  "63, 
at  Camp  Pope.  Samuel  D.  Thompson,  dis.  with 
regt.  Darius  E.  Tidd,  destd.  January  28.  "63.  at 
Fort  Snelling.  John  C.  A'ast,  dis.  with  regt. 
Ephriam  Whitney,  dis.  for  disabl.  February  1 .  "63. 
Franklin  Whitney,  destd.  January  15,  "63,  at 
Fort  Snelling.  Alexander  Wood,  trans,  to  Third 
Minnesota  Battery.  Urich  H.  Wilson,  dis.  for 
disabl.,  :May  3,  '65.  Herman  Wolf,  destd.  Dec- 
cember  15.  "62,  while  (ui  leave  of  absence. 
H.  :m.  Young,  dis.  with  regt.  Jesse  B.  Young, 
dis.  for  disabl.,  March  19.  "65. 

Smvits — Darius  A.  Keyes.  en.  March  2.  "64. 
dis.  with  regt.  Ileiuy  A.  Kenneston.  en.  ISIarch 
2,  "64,  dis.  with  regt.  Robert  Muini,  en.  March 
2.  "64,  dis.  with  regt.  Theo.  A.  Norris,  en.  March 
2,  '64,  dis.  with  regt.  Jas.  H.  Shimin,  en.  March 
2,  ■'64,  dis.  with  regt.    John  Smithson,  en.  March 

28,  '64,  dis.  with  regt.  George  Stout,  en.  March 
2,  '64,  dis.  per  order,  August  3,  '65.  C.  O. 
Thomas,  en.  April  2,  '64,  dis.  with  regt.  C.  E. 
Thomas,  en.  February  24,  '64,  dis.  with  regt. 
J.  L.  Wakefield,  en.  February  24,  '64,  dis.  with 
regt.  William  R.  Champlin.  en.  February  27,  "64. 
dis.  for  disabl.,  June  12.  'no.  James  Holloran. 
en.  February  25,  "64,  trans,  to  Company  F.,  dis. 
with  regt.  Luther  Huff,  en.  February  27,  "64. 
died  October  10,  '64.  at  Jeffer.son  Barracks,  Mo. 
George  D.  Ingraham,  en.  February  6,  '64,  dis. 
for  disabl..  May  18,  "65.  Peter  Jenson.  en.  Feb- 
ruary 29,  '64,  dis.  for  disabl.,  December  8.  "64. 
Selah  Label,  Jr.,  en.  February  16,  '64,  trans,  to 
V.  R.  C,  January  10,  "65.  George  E.  Longfellow, 
en.  March  30,  '64,  died  June  29,  '65,  at  St.  Louis. 
Isaac  Mendeuhall,  en.  Februai-y  27,  "64,  dis.  for 
disabl.,  October  24,  '64.  John  B.  Robinson,  en. 
February  29,  '64,  died  August  30,  '64,  at  Helena. 
Ark.  Eben  M.  Rathlione,  en.  Feliruary  26.  '64. 
dis.  per  order,  August  2.  '65.  William  B.  Pal- 
mer, en.  February  26,  '64.  dis.  for  disabl.,  Febru- 
ary, '65.     William  C.  Fleunning.  en.  February 

29,  '64,  died  December  23,  '64,  while  on  sick 
leave.  D.  B.  Champlin,  en.  Febrnary  26,  '64. 
died,  August  12,  '64,  at  Helena.  Ark. 

COMPANY  C,  EM  ROLLED  OCTDliKl!.  '62. 

Frivates — John  Barron,  dis.  for  disab.  Decem- 


198 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


ber  9,  "64.  Samuel  Clark,  pro.  corp..  dis.  with 
regt.  Thomas  Hughes,  frausfd.  to  invalid  corps, 
.Taimary  28,  "6.5.  John  II.  Kelley.  dis.  with  regt. 
John  Logan,  dis.  with  regt.  Ale.\  Leightoii.  dis. 
for  disab.  April  22,  '63.  Samuel  ilcClay.  pro. 
Corp.,  2d  Lieut..  1st  Lieut.,  dis.  with  regt. 

Recruits — Joliii  Starrett.  en.  Feb.  27.  "64.  pro. 
Corp.,  dis.  with  regt.  CLuiton  L.  Babcock.  en. 
Feb.  29.  "64.  died  August  li3.  18(54.  at  Helena. 
Ark. 

COMPAXY  D.  ESKOLLED    SEPT..  18(52. 

Joseph  C.  Wliitney,  Capt..  com.  Capt.  and  A. 
Q.  M..  Vols. .  Feb.  23.  '65.  Shepherd  H.  King,  1st 
Lt.,  resigned  August  o,  "64.  Daniel  W.  Albaugh, 
2d  Lt.,  pro.  1st  Lt.,  October  7,  "64,  dis.  by  order 
December  27.  '64.  Wm.  F.  Atkinson.  1st  Sergt.. 
dis.  for  disab.  October  12,  '64.  Geo.  K.  Adams, 
Sergt.,  died  October  12,  "64,  at  Jefferson  Barracks. 
Mo.  Geo.  E.  Case.  Sergt..  pro.  2d  Lt..  October 
7,  '64,  1st  Lt.  January  21,  "65.  dis.  with  regt. 
Elijah  Farringtou,  Sergt.,  dis.  for  disab.  Feb.  2-5, 
■65.  Henry  Snyder.  Corp.,  dis.  V)y  order,  May  24. 
'65.  Isaac  D.  Carr.  Corp..  tninsfd.  to  Y.  R.  C. 
Nov.  20,  '63.  Reuben  Robinson,  pro.  Sergt.,  dis. 
with  regt.  Washington  Pierce,  dis.  with  regt. 
Henry  E.  Selder.  dis.  with  regt.  Elias  G.  Brown, 
pro.  Sergt.,  dis.  with.  regt.  John  "Wait.  dis.  with 
regt.  John  S.  Day,  dis.  with  regt.  Geo.  A. 
Cressey ,  Mus. ,  dis.  with  regt.  Hannibal  Hodson . 
absent,  sick  at  Xew  Orleans  when  regiment  was 
discharged.  John  F.  Bell.  Wag.,  absent,  sick  at 
Memphis,  Temi..  when  regt.  was  discharged. 

Prirates — James  Allen,  dis.  with  regt.  George 
Ames,  pro.  corp..  dis.  with  regt.,  October  15,  "64. 
AVilliam  C.  Brown,  dis.  per  order,  June  27,  '65. 
James  TV.  Baird.  dis.  with  regt.  Charles  T. 
Beedy.  dis.  with  regt.  Asa  D.  Brown,  dis.  with 
regt.  John  O,  Beden,  dis.  with  regt.  Frank  S. 
Coffin,  dis.  with  regt.  F.  M.  Carman,  absent 
sick  on  dis.  of  regt.  Edgar  B.  Comstock.  dis. 
with  regt.  Robert  B.  Coffin,  dis.  with  regt.  S. 
W.  Costellow,  died  October  23, 1864,  at  :Memphis. 
George  E.  CoUins,  died  May  14,  '65,  at  Xew  Or- 
leans. Henry  Curtis,  dis.  with  regt.  M.  W. 
Cotes,  died  July  31.  "64.  at  Helena.  Ark.  Rufus 
E.  Draper,  dis.  for  disab..  April  25.  "65.  Thomas 
D.  Dudley,  dis.  with  regt.  Xelson  Dulnunie. 
dis.  with  regt.  Edwin  Edgerlw  discharged  with 
regiment.       Enos  W.    Ellmau.   died   September 


13,  '64,  at  Jefferson   Barracks.      C.  P.  Fletcher. 

I  dis.  with  regt.  Julius  Farriugton,  dis.  for  disab. 
June  23.  "65.  William  B.  Franklin,  dis.  with 
regt.  James  S.  Foster.  tUs.  for  disab..  October 
24.  "64,  Austin  L.  Fenlason.  dis.  with  regt. 
Allen  L.  Goodrich,  on  detached  service  when 
regt.  was  dis.  Charles  E.  Galpin,  died  Septem- 
ber 13.  "64,  at  Memphis.  Joseph  Goyette,  dis.  per 
order.  May  19.  "65.  Albeii:  F.  Grove,  dis.  with  regt. 
Wm.  A.  Hawkins,  dis.  with  regt.  Franz  T. 
Heiss,  dis.  ^\-ith  regt.  E.  T.  Hamilton,  dis.  for 
disab.  March  20.  "63.  Geo.  A.  Hills,  dis.  per 
order  February  16.  "(io.  James  H.  Harmon,  dis. 
per  order  May  25.  "65.  Edwin  Jackson,  dis.  with 
regt.  Chas.  W.  .Johnson,  dis.  with  regt.  Jos. 
A.  James,  dis.  with  regt.  Thos.  P.  James,  trans- 
ferred to  3d  Minn.  Battery,  May  1.  '63.  Henry 
Jackson,  dis.  June,  5,  "63.     Silas  Livingston,  dis. 

j  with  regt.  pro.  Corp.  Charles  Lansing,  dis.  with 
regt.  Levi  L.  Leathers,  dis.  with  regt.  Alfred 
Loftus.  absent  sick  on  dis.  of  regt.    Andrew  Lav- 

j  man.  dis.  with  regt.  James  McComieU,  dis.  with 
regt.  Wm.  W.  Mills,  dis.  with  regt.  John  Mc- 
Kimball.  dis.  with  regt.  Chas.  H.  Moore,  dis. 
with  regt.  Wesley  XeiU,  dis.  with  regt.  Levi 
Xeill  died  November  11,  '62,  at  Mankato.  James 
Pratt,  dis.  per  order.  May  16.  "65.  Ezra  Paine. 
dis.  per  order.  May  17.  "65.  Eddie  Powers,  dis. 
with  regt.  Dean  R.  Richardson,  dis.  with  regt. 
Theodore  Ray.  dis.  with  regt.  John  R.  Richard- 
son, dis.  per  order.  May  3.  '65.  Russell  AT'.  Rock 
dis.  for  disab.  January  14.  65.  Wm.  H.  Suther- 
land, transferred  to  V.  R.  C.  November  20, 1863, 
Aretas  .Smith,  dis.  with  regt.  Albion  Stimsou, 
dis.  with  regt.  George  Storrs.  transfd  to  Y.  R. 
C.  November  20.  '63.  AVilliam  R.  Stimson,  sick 
at  Prairie  du  Chien  at  dis.  of  regt.  Oscar  H. 
Shepley.  dis.  per  order,  June  22,  "65.  Christo- 
pher Swagert.  dis.  for  disab.  from  wds.  reed,  at 

1  Birch  Coolie,  date  unknown.     John  S.  Stoops. 

'  dis.  for  disab..  October  17.  "64.  Darius  D.  Suth- 
erland, transfd.  to  Invalid  Corps.  Nov.  20,  "63. 
John  C.  Shrewsberry.  died  December  9,  "62,  at 
Forest  City,  Miim.  Sylvanus  Stinson.  sick  at 
Prairie  du  Chien  on  dis.  of  regt.  Isaiah  Thomp- 
son, died  November  17.  "64,  at  Jefferson  Barracks. 
Mo.  Willard  S.  Whitmore.  dis.  per  order.  May 
16,  ■6.i.  William  H.  H.  WilUams.  transfd.  to  3d 
Minn.  Batt..  May  1.  '153. 
i?ccri<i(s— William  H.  Bush.  en.  March  8,  '64. 


SEVENTH  BEGIMENT  INFANTRY. 


199 


died  May  7,  '65,  at  St.  Louis  Hosp.,  New  Orleans, 
La.  David  C.  Brown,  en.  February  3,  '64,  dis. 
with  regt.  Jolin  W.  Brown,  en.  February  27,  "64. 
dis.  fordisab.,  October  21,  "64.  Charles  A.  Cates. 
en.  February  9,  '64,  died  October  16,  "64,  at  Jef- 
ferson Barracks,  St.  Louis.  Xelson  T.  Derby, 
en.  February  27.  "64,  dis.  with  regt.  Thomas  A. 
Fisher,  en.  October  7,  "63,  dis.  with  regt.  Peter 
Filbert,  en.  February  24,  "()4,  dis.  for  disab., 
March  9,  '6.5.  Charles  H.  .Jordan,  en.  March  30, 
'64,  died  November  14,  '64,  at  Chicago.  Samuel 
Layman,  en.  February  9.  '(U,  dis.  for  disab.  Dec. 
20,  '64.  Charles  II.  Mulliner,  en.  February  24. 
'64,  dis.  for  disab.,  June  11,  '60.  Josiah  Riihard- 
son,  en.  April  15,  "63,  died  October  17,  64,  at  Jef- 
ferson Barracks.  John  Roth,  en.  February  24, 
'64,  dis.  with  regt.  Ira  Sanford,  en.  February  24, 
'64,  transfd.  to  Y.  K.  C.  January  15.  "65.  Michael 
Wolf,  en.  February  26,  "64,  died  January  18,  "65, 
at  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

COMPANY  I,  ENROLLED  AUfil'ST,  "62. 

Privates. — Josepli  Burchfield,  dis.  with  regt. 
Nickolas  Mauren,  pro.  Corp.,  dis.  with  regt. 

COMPANY  K,  ENROLLED   OCTOBER.  '62. 

Privates.— Theo.  D.  :Miller.  transfd.  to  3d  Minn. 
March  17,  '64.  George  Thomas,  transfd.  to  V. 
R.  C.  Jan.  21,  '65.  Wm.  T.  "Wier.  died  July  30, 
'64,  at  Helena,  Ark. 

Recruits. — Michael  Purcell.  en.  Jan.  4.  "64.  dis. 
with  regiment. 

Sixth  Regiment  was  organized  August,  '62  ; 
ordered  upon  Indian  expedition  of  "62.  Detach- 
ment of  200  engaged  in  battle  at  Birch  Coolie 
Sept.  2,  "62.  Regiment  participated  in  battle 
of  Wood  Lake,  Sept.  22,  '62.  Regiment  garri- 
soning frontier  posts  from  Nov.  '62,  until  May  '63, 
when  ordered  upon  Indian  expedition.  Engaged 
with  Indians  July  24,  26  and  28.  "63,  stationed 
at  frontier  posts  from  Sept.  18,  '63,  to  June  5, 
"64,  when  ordered  to  Helena,  Ark.  Ordered  to 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Nov.  "64,  then  to  New  Orleans 
January  "65.  Assigned  to  16th  Army  Corps. 
Participated  in  engagements  of  Spanisli  Fort  and 
Fort  Blakely,  April  "65.  Discharged  at  Fcut 
Snelling  August  19,  '65. 

SEVENTH  BEGIStBNT  INFANTRY. 

organized  August,  '62.  and  originally  commanded 
by  Colonel  Stephen  A.  Miller. 


Albert  A.  Ames,  asst.  Surgeon,  en.  August  28. 
"62,  pro.  Surgeon.  July  23,  '64.  dis.  with  regt. 

COMPANY  c. 
A.  A.  Thayer,  priv..  en.  February  11.  "65.  dis. 
with  regt. 

(o^rrANV  F. 

Private. — Caleb  llosford.  en.  August  9.  "62.  dis. 
for  disab.,  September  17.  '64. 

The  Seventh  regiment  was  organized,  August. 
1862;  ordered  upon  Indian  Expedition  of  1862; 
engaged  in  battle  of  Wood  Lake.  Minnesota. 
September  22,  '62  :  stationed  at  frontier  posts 
until  May,  "62,  wlieu  ordered  upon  Indian  Expe- 
dition ;  engaged  with  Indians.  Jidy  24.  26  and 
28,  "63;  ordered  to  St.  Louis.  Mo..  October  7,  '63  : 
thence  to  Paducah  Ky..  April.  "64:  thence  to 
Memphis.  Teun..  and  assigned  to  Sixteenth  Army 
Corps,  June,  "64 :  participated  in  the  following 
battles,  marches,  sieges  and  skirmishes  :  Tupelo. 
July,  '64 ;  Tallahatchie,  August  7th  and  8th,  64  ; 
march  in  pursuit  of  Price,  from  Brownsville, 
Ark.,  to  Cape  Girardeau  ;  thence  by  boat  to  Jef- 
ferson City ;  thence  to  Kansas  line  ;  thence  to 
St.  Louis,  Mo.;  battles  of  Nashville,  Tenn.,  Dec. 
15th  and  Kith,  "64  ;  Siianisli  Fort  and  Fort  Blakely. 
April.  "65.  Discharged  at  Fort  Snelling.  Minn  . 
August  16,  "65. 

EIGHTH  REGIMENT,  INFANTRY. 

Originally  commanded  by  Colonel  Minor  T. 
Thomas.  Major,  Geo.  A.  Camp;  Nov.  20,  1862; 
resigned  May  21,  1865.  Assistant  Siirgeon,  Wm. 
II.  Rause;  September  12,  1862:  Discharged  .July 
11,  1865. 

COMPANY  A,  ENROLLED  OCTOBER,  "62. 

William  P.  Ives,  Sergt.,  i)ro.  First  Sergt.  Aug- 
ust 1,  "63.  dis.  with  regt.  Wm.  H.  Edwards, 
Sergt.,  killed  liy  Indians  in  Meeker  county,  Minn., 
Septemlier  11.  "63. 

Prirales — Frederick  T.  Bird.  dis.  in  hospital 
.June  23,  65.  Albert  H.  Damon,  dis.  with  regt. 
Joseph  Downs,  dis.  per  order  .lune  3,  "65.  Chris- 
tian Johnson,  dis.  in  hospital  August  27,  1865 
Warren  T.  Sevey.  dis.  with  regt.  Chas.  Shea, 
dis.  with  regt.  Thomas  S.  Walker,  dis.  with 
regiment. 

COMPANY  E,  ENROLLED  •MTOUER.  "62. 

James  F.  Bradley.  Sergt..  ilis.  November  16, 
I  "63,  for  pro.  in  Company  I.     Emerson  J.   Wood- 


200 


HISrOBY  OF  HEyXEPIX  COVNTT. 


ward,  Corp.  dis.  January  19,  "64  for  pro.  in  U.  S. 
col'd.  Infantry.  V^m.  D.  Lane,  mus.  dis.  with 
regiment. 

Privates.— ^ym.  F.  Bagley.  dis.  in  liosp.  June 
12,  "65.  Michael  Batterburg.  dis.  with  regiment. 
Joseph  Yadner.  Jr.,  dis.  with  regt.  J.  L.  Jelli- 
son,  dis.  with  regt. 

COMPANY  H. 

Micliael  Xill.  priv.  en.  October  30.  "tj^,  dis  ^^■itll 
regiment. 

COJIP.\.XT  K,  EXROLLED  SEPTEMBER,  "62. 

Hubert  Weber.  Sergt..  dis.  witli  regt. 

Privates— Da\id  Birt,  pro.  Corp.  dis.  witli 
regt.  Theo.  Goris,  dis.  with  regt.  Clias.  Henry, 
pro.  Corp.  dis.  with  regt.  John  Kreamer.  dis. 
with  regt.  Jolm  Kunz,  dis.  with  regt.  Xavier 
Kohler,  dis.  with  regt.  Theodore  Rosch.  killed 
by  Indians  on  rear  guard  to  Capt.  Fisk's  expedi- 
tion September  2,  1864.  John  Schemlem,  dis. 
with  regt.  Mikel  Schniitz,  dis.  with  regt.  John 
Wetzel,  dis.  with  regt.  Henry-  Yentsch,  dis. 
with  regt. 

EIGHTH  REGIilEXT   IXFAXTRY. 

Organized  August  1 .  "62  i  stationed  at  fiontier 
posts  until  May,  "64.  when  ordered  upon  Indian 
Expedition;  engaged  in  the  fullowmg  battles, 
marches,  sieges  and  skirmishes  :  Tah-clia-o-ku-tu. 
July  28,  "64;  battles  of  the  Cedars.  Overall's 
Creek;  ordered  to  Clifton.  Teiniessee  :  thence  to 
Cmcinnati ;  thence  to  Washington ;  thence  to 
Wilmington:  thence  to  Xewbern.  X.  C:  battle 
of  Kingston,  March  8,  9. 10.  "60  :  mustered  out  at 
Charlotte,  X.  C,  July  11.  "60.  dis.  at  Fort  Snel- 
ling. 

XIXTH  REGIMENT   INFANTRY, 

originally  commanded  by  Col.  Alexander  Wilkin. 

Charles  W.  Le  BoutilUer.  Surgeon,  en.  October 
10,  "62.  died  April  3,  "63.  at  St.  Peter.  Minn. 

Joel  Handy,  Prin.  mus.  en.  Xovember  10,  "62. 
died  a  prisoner  at  Anderson ville.  Ga.,  August  22. 
1864. 

COMPANY  A,  ENROLLED  AU(ilST,  "62. 

George  A.  Camp,  Capt..  pro.  Maj.  Eighth  Regt.. 
Xovember  20,  "62,  res.  May  2,  "6.5.  Jonathan 
Chase  1st  Lieut,  pro.  Capt.,  res.  October  5,  "63. 
Harrison  Jones,  2d  Lieut.,  pro.  1st  Lieut,  and 
Capt..  dis.  with  regt.  Benjamin  P.  Schuler,  1st 
Sergt..  pro.  2d  Lieut.  1st  Lieut..  Capt.  Co.  H.. 


December  16,  '64,  dis.  with  regt.  Leonldas  M. 
Lane,  Sergt.,  pro.  2d  Lieut.,  dis.  per  order  May  15, 
"65.  Henry  A.  C.  Thompson.  Sergt..  pris.  at  Ander- 
sonville  7  mos..  dis.  with  regt.  David  B.  Ellis. 
Sergt.,  dis.  for  disab.  Xo^'.  22,  "64.  Beverly  C.  Bon- 
ham.  Sergt..  pris.  at  Andei-sonville  7  mos..  dis. 
with  regt.  Abner  A.  Spencer.  Coi-p.,  dis.  for  disab.. 
May  30,  "65.  Alfred  G.  Snow,  Corp.,  pro.  Sergt.. 
dis.  in  hospital.  "65.  Charles  Ester,  Corp..  pro. 
Sergt..  dis.  with  regt.  Charles  Schorrod.  Corp.. 
died  October  29,  "64.  at  Savannah.  Ga.  Louis  C. 
Tenison,  Corp.,  died,  date  not  on  record.  Daniel 
Hutchins,  Corp..  killed  June  10,  "64.  at  Brice 
Cross  Roads.  Miss.  James  A.  Lennon.  Coi-p.. 
transfd.  to  Y.  R.  C.  X'ovember  20,  "63.  James 
A.  Woodcock,  Corp.  died  December  6, "64.  at  Cairo, 
Ills.  William  S.  0"Brien.  Mus.  dis.  ^^•ith  regt.  Ed- 
mund F.  Warren,  mus..  dis.  with  regt.  George  W. 
AVhite.  Wag.,  died  September  14.  "64.  at  Ander- 
son ville,  Ga. 

Privates— Geo.  P.  Baldwin,  pro.  <j.  M.  Sergt., 
transfd.  to  X.  C.  S.  Xovember  17,  1863.  dis.  for 
disab.  Xovember  20,  "64.  Hiram  A.  Barnard, 
died  September  10.  "64.  at  Andersonville.  Ga. 
Miron  W.  Bartlett.  died  December  14.  "62.  at  Fort 
Ridgely.  Minn.  Richmond  H.  Barrows,  died 
Feliruary  15.  "65.  at  Memphis.  Tenn.  Alonzo 
Bragdon.  dis.  per  order.  May  13.  "65.  Chas.  E. 
Burrell,  dis.  m  hospital,  "65.  Daniel  Cameron, 
dis.  for  disab.  April  3,  "64.  T.  Campbell,  dis.  for 
\\ound  reed,  at  Brice  Cross  Roads.  John  B. 
Chase,  died  at  Yicksburg.  date  not  given.  Berton 
F.  Cooley,  dis.  with  regt.  John  M.  Cormaek.  dis. 
for  disab.  April  1.  "63.  Amos  Day.  died  Oct.  14. 
"64.  at  Savannah.  Ga.  Chas.  A.  Delvin.  dis.  for 
disab.  March  23,  "64.  Jeremiah  Desmon,  dis. 
with  regt.  Geo.  A.Doman.dis. -nithregt.  Jerome 
Dumas,  died  at  Savanah.  Ga..  date  not  given. 
Charles  Farron.  dis.  for  disab.  Charles  T.  Ful- 
lerton,  dis.  vrith  regt.  Lewis  Gormoch.  dis.  for 
disab.  March  25,  '64.  George  Goodwin,  died 
October  3,  "64,  at  Audei-son ville.  Ga.  Ripley 
Good^\lii,  dis.  with  regt.  Frank  Goodwin,  de- 
serted Xovember  7,  "63,  at  Fort  Snelllng,  :Mimi. 
Simon  Goodwin,  dis.  for  disab.  April  3.  "63.  Josepli 
R.  Gould,  captured  at  Brice  Cross  Roads.  June 
10,  "64,  dis.  \nth  regt.  Joseph  Gray,  ills,  for  lUsab., 
date  not  given.  Geo.  W.  Hall,  dis.  with  regt. 
Chas.  R.  Haven,  dis.  for  disab..  June  28.  "65. 
Tihston  Heath,  transfd.  to  A'.  R.  C.  October  1. 


NINTH  REGIMENT  INFANTBY. 


201 


"63.  David  L.  Hewitt,  dis.  with  regt.  Burdet 
Humphrey,  dis.  for  disab.  October  9,  '62.  Geo. 
A.  Kenedy,  captured  at  Brice  Cross  Roads,  pris- 
oner 7  uios.,  dis.  witli  regt.  Josepii  Keleue.  died 
Sept.  8,  "62,  of  wound  received  at  Birch  Coolie. 
James  11.  Leigliton,  dis.  per  order  July  1(1.  "6-5. 
Samuel  H.  Lewis,  dis.  for  disab.  ]May  8,  "63.  Wm. 
R.  Mangdou,  dis.  for  disal).  May  3,  "63.  Samuel 
M.  Macomber.  died  at  Louisville.  Ky..  date  un- 
known. Thomas  Mavy.  killed  March  31.  "6o,  in 
battle  at  Spanish  Fort.  Ala.  Patrick  McBride. 
captd.  at  Brice  Cross  Roads,  prisoner  7  mos.,  dis. 
With  regt.  John  McCrimmon,  dis.  with  regt. 
James  McCost,  captd.  at  Brice  Cross  Roads,  pris- 
oner 7  nios.  Lewis  McDonald,  dis.  for  disab. 
April  3.  "63.  John  McDougal,  died  August  28, 
"64,  at  Andersonville,  Ga.  Alonzo  D.  Meads, 
died  January  22.  "63,  at  Fort  Ridgely,  Minn. 
Samuel  W.  Merrill,  dis.  for  disability,  date 
unknown.  James  W.  Marden,  died  August 
28th,  1864.  at  Andersonville  Prison,  Ga. 
Carlostin  ^lorton.  dis.  for  disabl..  April  4,  "64 
James  Peaver,  destd.  March  10,  "63,  while  on 
furlough.  Samuel  Peaver.  destd.  March  20.  "63. 
while  on  furlough.  John  W.  Pell.  dis.  with  regt. 
John  T.  Pomeroy,  dis.  per  order,  May  23,  65. 
George  W.  Pomeroy.  captd.  at  Brice  Cross  Roads, 
pris.  7  mos.,  dis.  with  regt.  .Joseph  M.  Prescott. 
dis.  for  disabl.,  May  24,  '64.  Joseph  Richards, 
died  in  prison  at  Savannah.  Ga.,  date  unknown. 
Charles  H.  Ricker.  dis.  per  order.  May  IH,  "6o. 
Stephen  Rogerson,  pro.  eorp.  dis.  with  regt.. 
Henry  E.  Seelye,  dis.  per  order.  May  29,  "65. 
George  P.  Shoppe,  died  August  5,  '64,  Memphis. 
Tenn.  Paul  T.  Shoppe.  died  at  .Viuiapolis,  Md., 
date  not  given.  James  IL  Sinclair,  dis.  with 
regt.  Hugh  Smith,  died  October  10,  '64.  prisoner 
at  Savannah,  Ga.  Charles  II.  Spencer,  captd.  at 
Brice  Cross  Roads,  pris.  7  mos..  dis.  with  regt. 
Warren  C.  Stetson,  pro.  corp.,  dis.  with  regt.  Wm. 
J.  Stockton,  dis.  with  regt.  Mortimer  M.  Swin- 
gler,  dis.  witli  regt.  James  E.  Styles,  pro.  Corp. 
dis.  with  regt.  William  F.  Todd,  dis.  per  order. 
June  5,  "65.  Sylvanus  Weeks,  dis.  for  disalil.. 
May  12,  '63-  George  Wetheru,  dis.  per  order, 
July  11.  65.  ■ 

C()3IP.\NY  li,  ENROLLED   AUCiUST,  1862. 

Richard  Stmut,  Capt.,  dis.  per  order,  March  9, 
'64.     William  A.  Clark,  1st  Lieut.,  pro.  Capt. 


April  17,  '64,  died  Aug.  21,  '65,  at  Minneapolis. 
Curtis  McCane,  2d  Lieut.,  pro.  1st  Lieut,  dis.  per 
order.  May  15.  '65.  Ezra  T.  Carr.  1st  Sergt.  wd. 
by  Indians  at  Acton,  Minn.,  dis.  for  disabl.  June 
19,  "63.  L.  A.  Babcock,  Sergt.  died  September 
18,  "64,  while  in  Andersonville  pris.  C.  J,  At- 
water.  Sergt.,  dis.  for  disabl..  February  10.  "64. 
Jaques  Winter,  Corp.,  pro.  Sergt.  March  1,  "65. 
Austin  Knight.  Corp..  dis.  per  order,  June  14, 
"65.  Seneca  M.  Tarvin,  Corp.,  trans,  to  Y.  R.  C. 
(xeorge  Herrick,  Corp.,  pro.  1st  Sergt.,  dis.  with 
regt.  Samuel  Gowell,  Corp.,  pro.  Sergt.,  dis. 
with  regt.  Henry  T.  Minton,  Corp.,  dis.  for 
disabl.,  ^lay  23,  "64.  James  A.  xVmes,  Mus.,  dis. 
per  order,  July  27,  '65.  S.  L.  Fillmore.  Wag., 
died  September  29,  "64,  at  Memphis. 

PniYties.— James  Adcock,  died  August  22,  "64 
at  Andersonville  Ga.  William  B.  Atwater,  dis. 
while  absent  from  regt.  August  1.  "65.  Wm.  H. 
Brown,  dis.  per  order  July  10,  "65.  George  W. 
Baldwin,  pro.  Corp.  December  31.  "64.  Aimer  C. 
Bennett,  died  March  17.  "63  at  Hutchinson,  Minn. 
.Vlex.  J.  Bothwick,  dis.  for  disab.  August  23,  "63 
Frank  .1.  Beedle.  died  September,  "63  of  wound 
in  battle  of  Acton.  Minn.  Benedict  Brooks,  dis. 
per  order  June  5,  '65.  Lewis  L.  Crane,  dis.  with 
regt.  (ieorge  S.  Cyphers,  dis.  per  order  August 
16.  "65.  James  II.  Crandall  pro.  Corp.  dis.  with 
with  regt.  E.  J.  Deerow,  died  Nov.  1.  "64,  hi 
Milan,  Ga.  prison.  Geo.  E.  Day,  captd.  at  Brice 
Cross  Roads.  i)ris.  in  Andersonvile,  dis.  with 
regt.  Charles  A.  Esterly,  dis.  per  order  June 
12,  '65.  Volney  A.  Edgerly,  transfd.  to  Y.  R.  C. 
(no date.)  Geo.  W.  Gideon,  killed  Sept.  3,  "66.  in 
battle  with  Indians  at  Acton.  Minn.  Alva  (ietch- 
ell,  killed  Sept.  3.  "62  at  Acton,  (ieo.  Goodsell. 
dis.  with.  regt.  Henry  Goodale,  dis.  per  order 
May  18,  "65.  D.  C.  Handy,  dis.pei'  order  August 
18,  '65.  Jasper  S.  Hawkins,  dis.  while  on  detached 
duty  1865.  A.  H.  Hawkins,  dis.  with  regt.  C.  G. 
Halgren,  dis.  with  regt.  E.  D.  Kirst,  dis.  with  regt. 
Samuel  A.  Lindley,  died  July  9,  '64  in  prison  at 
.Vndersonville.  Ga.  Wm.  Lovelle.  dis.  per  order 
July  19,  '65.  Levi  W.  Merritt.  wounded  Sep- 
tember 3,  '62,  in  battle  at  Acton,  Minn.,  dis.  for 
disab.  May  23,  "63.  Charles  Midgely,  dis.  per 
order  May  31 .  "65.  William  Mogle,  dis.  per  order 
June  22,  "65.  Rf)bert  E.  McKenney,  transfd.  to 
y.  R.  C.  Nov.  1,  "63.  Alex.  MeCormiek.  dis.  per 
order  June  7,  '65.    Thomas  Pounder,  no  record. 


202 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


John  Parslow,  pro.  Corp.  dis.  with  regt.  Jas. 
H.  Rickerson,  dis.  with  regt.  Milton  A.  Stubbs. 
pro.  Corp.  dis.  with  regt.  Charles  Smith  died 
March  13.  '63  at  Watertowii.  :Minn.  Nathan  Til- 
ton,  died  September  28.  "64.  at  .Vndersunville 
prison.  Hiram  "\V.  'S'alentine.  dis.  with  regt. 
N.  E.  Weeks,  died  November  6,  "62,  at  Hutchin- 
son, Minn.  John  K.  AVeaver.  died  June  2-5,  "6.5, 
at  Rolla.  Miss.  John  15.  Wakelield.  died  Aug- 
ust 13,  'W.  at  Meniplus.  Temi.  Kee  Wakefield 
pro.  Corp.  dis.  per  order  July  17,  "lio.  Silas  A. 
Seamans.  dis.  with  regt. 

(JOJIPAXY   C.   ENROLLED   OCruliER,    '62. 

L.M.  Caswell,  Corp.,  dis.  for  disab.  March  23, '63. 

PrH-a(es.— WiUiam  Breekon,  captd.  at  Brice 
Cross  Roads,  dis.  July  31,  '6.5.  PUny  S.  Conkey, 
captd.  at  Brice's  Cross  Roads.  June  10,  "64.  Sam- 
uel W.  Rice.  dis.  for  disab.,  September  3.  '64. 

COMPANY   I, 

Peter  Lus.  priv..  en.  October  12.  '62,  pro.  Corp. 
dis.  with  regt. 

COMPANY   K, 

W.  O.  Curtis,  Mus.,  en.  October  16,  "62,  dis.  in 
hospital  at  Memphis,  '65.  Edward  Brunell,  priv. 
en.  October  16.  "62.  dis.  for  disab.  May  27,  '64. 

NINTH  REGIMENT  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY, 

organized  August.  "62  ;  stationed  at  frontier  posts 
until  September.  "63,  when  ordered  to  St.  Louis. 
Mo.;  ordered  to  Jefferson  City.  Mo.,  and  distribut- 
ed among  several  posts  in  the  interior  of  the  state  ; 
ordered  to  St.  Louis.  :May.  "64  ;  engaged  in  the 
following  battles,  marches,  sieges  and  skirmishes: 
Guntown  expedition,  June,  "64 :  assigned  to  16th 
Army  Corps,  June.  "64 ;  Tupelo.  July.  "64  ;  Oxford 
expedition,  August.  "64 :  Tallahatchie,  August, 
"64;  marched  in  pursuit  of  Price  from  Browns- 
ville, Ark.,  to  Cape  Girardeau,  Mo.;  thence,  by 
boat,  to  Jefferson  City ;  thence  to  Kansas  state 
line;  thence  to  St.  Louis.  Battles:  Nashville, 
Tenn..  December  lo  and  16.  "64 :  Spanish  Fort 
and  Fort  Blakely.  April,  "65  :  discharged  at  Fort 
Snelling,  Minn..  August  24,  "65. 

TENTH    RE(iTMENT,    INFANTRY. 

Originally  commanded  by  Col.  James  H.  Baker. 

COMPANY  K,  ENROLLED  AUG.  "62. 

Wm.  Byrnes.  Isl  Lt.,  dis.  with  regt.  Michael 
Hoy.  2d  Lt..  dis.  per  order  April   13,  "65.     Wm. 


Dunn,  Sergt.,  dis.  with  regt.  Owen  Keegan, 
Sergt.,  dis.  with  regt.  Thomas  McCarron,  Corp., 
pro.  Sergt.,  dis.  with  regt.  David  Shaw,  Corp.. 
dis.  with  regt.  Dennis  Sheehey,  Corp.,  captd.  Jan. 
10.  "65,  dis.  .July  25.  "65.  absent. 

Piicates. — Wm.  Broderick.  dis.  for  disab.  July 
26,  "64.  Alfred  Brezett,  dis.  with  regt.  Andrew 
Candrou,  dis.  with  regt..  pro.  Corp.  Patrick 
Corney,  dis.  witli  regt.  Thomas  Clifford,  dis, 
with  regt.  Joseph  F.  Cobb.  dis.  per  order  May 
18,  "65.  James  Connelly,  dis.  with  regt.  James 
Coyle,  dis.  for  disal).  April  3.  "63.  William  Daly, 
dis.  with  regt.  David  Desjarlugh,  dis.  per  order 
August  31,  "64.  Richard  Fewer,  pro.  Q.  M.  Sergt. 
1st  Lt.  Co.  I.  June  2,  "65.  Patrick  Gleeson.  pro. 
Corp.  dis.  with  regt.  Thomas  Gaffney.  dis.  with 
regt.  WUliam  Grace,  deserted  April  25  "63,  at 
Le  Sueur.  Minn.  Joseph  Gaunia,  dis.  per  order 
March  30.  "65.  Cornelius  Hays,  destd.  May  10. 
"63.  at  Le  Sueur.  Mum.  .James  Hays,  dis.  with 
regt.  Thomas  Hawkins,  destd.  Septemlier  7,  "63, 
at  Fort  Ridgely.  William  Hoy.  destd.  November 
12,  "62,  at  St.  Peter.  Peter  Haunou.  destd.  Sep- 
tember 7,  "63,  at  Fort  Snelling.  John  Killila,  dis. 
with  regt.  Thos.  McDouough.  dis.  August  19. 
"65.  absent.  Daniel  Molan.  dis.  witli  regt.  Dan- 
iel Murphy,  dis.  per  order  June  5,  "65.  Michael 
Mohan,  died  March  6,  "63,  at  St.  Anthony. 
^Michael  Moore,  dis.  per  order  March  5,  "64.  Ed- 
ward Moran.  destd.  ^May  20.  "63,  at  Le  Sueur, 
Minn.  Robert  McCue,  dis.  for  disab.  Jan.  4  "64. 
James  Nash,  wounded  at  Nashville,  dis.  "65,  ab- 
sent. Edward  Nary.  dis.  with  regt.  Wm. 
0"Bryan.  dis.  with  regt.  l^atrick  O'Conner,  destd. 
Jiuie21,  "64,  at  Memphis,  Teim.  Daniel  Page, 
dis.  with  regt.  Patrick  Quinn,  destd.  September 
7,  "63,  at  Fort  Snelling.  James  Riley,  dis.  with 
regt.  Luke  Roche,  died  in  Minnesota  whUe  on 
sick  furlough.  John  Read\-,  dis,  with  regt. 
Pafk.  Sheeliau.  dis.  with  regt.  Wm.  Sheehan. 
cUs.  with  regt.  Mich.  Summers,  dis.  per  order 
March  10,  "64.  John  Seberry,  dis.  with  regt. 
Dion  Swift,  pro.  Corp.  dis.  with  regt.  Patrick 
White,  dis.  with  regt. 

Becruits. — F.  B.  0"Brien,  en.  April  1,  '64,  dis. 
with  regt.  Daniel  Shea.  en.  Dec.  26,  "63,  dis. 
with  regt. 

TENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY, 

was  organized  August  "62.   Stationed  at  frontier 


ELEVENTH  BEGIMENT  INFANl'BY. 


203 


posts  until  June  '63,  when  oirtered  upon  Iiulian  ex- 
pedition. Engaged  witli  Indians  July  24.  liB  and  28, 
"63.  Ordered  to  St.  Louis,  Mo..  October  '63. 
Thence  to  Columbus,  Ky..  April  "64.  Tlience  to 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  June  "64,  and  assigned  to  16tli 
Army  Corps.  Participated  in  the  followingliattles, 
marches,  sieges  and  skirmishes  :  Battle  of  Tupelo. 
July  13,  '65,  Oxford  expedition.  August  '64. 
Marched  in  pursuit  of  Price  from  Brownsville, 
Ark.,  to  Cape  tiirardeau,  tlience  l)y  Ituat  to  Jeff- 
erson City,  thence  to  Kansas  line,  thence  to  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  Battles  of  Nashville,  Tenn.,  Dec.  1-5 
and  16.  '64.  Spanish  Fort  and  Fort  Blakely,  April 
"65.    Discharged  at  Fort  Snelling  Aug.  19.  '6.5. 

KLEVENTH    KE(iIMENT    INtANTKY. 

originally  comniandeil  by  Col.  James  H.  (iillillan. 

COMPANY    F.   KNHOLLED    AlcU'ST.    '64. 

John  W.  Plummer,  ('apt.,  dis.  with  regt.  Jas. 
Shaver,  1st  Lieut.,  dis.  with  regt.  William  S. 
Chowen,  Sei'gt.,  dis.  with  regt.  John  ^\^  East- 
man, Sergt.,  dis.  with  regt.  Jonas  H.  Plowe, 
Sergt.,  dis.  with  regt.  Gilbert  J.  Merritt,  Sergt., 
George  A.  Plummer,  Sergt.,  dis.  with  regt.  Sol- 
omon Churchill,  Corp.,  dis.  with  regt.  Chester 
E.  Evans,  Corp.,  dis.  with  regt.  Frank  L.  IIol- 
way,  Corp.,  dis.  with  regt.  J.  C.  Jaques,  Corp., 
dis.  with  regt.  Uanford  Heddiiig.  Corp..  dis. 
with  regt.  John  J.  Spur/.eum,  Corp..  dis.  witli 
regt.    Adolpli  Weidenbach.  Corp..  dis.  with  regt. 

Privntex — James  "\V.  Austin,  dis.  with  regt. 
Horace  W.  Bohanon,  dis.  with  legt.  Clark 
S.  Bemis,  dis.  with  regt.  Martin  ISiske.  dis. 
with  regt.  Frederick  Biske,  dis.  witli  regt. 
Charles  M.  Bickford.  dis.  witli  regt.  Eben- 
ezer  Brandon,  dis.  witli  regt.  Kobert  Cham- 
bers, dis.  with  regt.  (ieo.  G.  Drew,  dis.  witli  regt. 
Henry  Doyle,  dis.  with  regt.  J.  W.  DeLamater, 
dis.  with  regt.  Wm.  A.  Fisher,  dis.  with  regt. 
Edward  Fairfield,  died  January  2S.  "65.  at  (Gal- 
latin, Tenn.  John  Gerber.  dis.  with  regiment, 
(iottleib  (xeiger.  dis.  with  regt.  Daniel  (ilatz.  dis. 
with  regt.  L.  Gee.  dis.  with  regt.  ('has.  \V. 
(iordon.  dis.  with  regt.  Alon/.o  (ireen.  dis.  with 
regt.  Joshua  Howe,  dis.  with  regt.  Xelson 
Herrick,  dis.  with  regt.  Ephriam  Harrington, 
dis.  with  regt.  Wm.  IL  Harrington,  dis.  with 
regt.  Geo.  Hoisington,  dis.  with  regt.  E.  M. 
Hoisington,   dis.  per  order  May  31,  65.     John  M. 


Hamilton,  dis.  with  regt.  Alfred  G.  Jaques. 
dis.  with  regt.  David  W.  Jones,  dis.  April  22, 
'65,  at  Fort  Snelling.  Thomas  Kirkwood,  dis. 
with  regt.  Michael  Larkin,  dis.  witli  regiment. 
Morris  H.  Lamb,  dis.  with  regt.  Nathan  Long- 
fellow, dis.  with  regt.  Wm.  McKinley,  dis.  with 
regt.  Phillip  Matter,  dis.  with  regt.  John  Mat- 
ter, dis.  with  regt.  Icliabod  Murphy,  dis.  with 
regt.  John  H.  McGary,  dis.  with  regt.  Chas. 
D.  Miller,  dis.  with  regt.  Mason  March,  dis. 
with  regt.  David  R.  Malbon,  dis.  with  regt. 
Harvey  S.  Norton,  dis.  with  regt.  Joseph  W. 
Norris,  dis.  with  regt.  Thomas  Ohn,  dis.  with 
regt.  Geo.  A.  Plummer,  dis.  with  regt.  Mitch- 
ell Pelky.  dis.  with  regt.  Seth  Pribble.  dis.  with 
regt.  Geo.  C.  Phillips,  dis.  with  regt.  A.  D. 
Pinkerton,  dis.  with  regt.  Daniel  Palmer,  dis. 
with  regt.  James  (^uinn,  dis.  with  regt.  Amasa 
Richards,  dis.  with  regt.  Nicholas  Rifenberger, 
dis.  w  itli  Regiment.  John  Rifenberger,  dis.  with 
regt.  J.  P.  Shumway,  dis.  with  regt.  Z.  A. 
Smith,  dis.  with  regt.  H.  R.  Stillman,  dis.  with 
regt.  (]has.  R.  Stimson,  dis.  with  regt.  H.  Schu- 
macker,  dis.  with  regt.  Timothy  Shaw,  dis.  with 
regt.  Daniel  Terrell,  dis.  with  regt.  Clark  A. 
Wright,  dis.  with  regt.  W.  A.  Willey,  dis.  with 
regt.  Lorenzo  P.  Warren,  dis.  April  1865,  at 
Fort  Snelling.  Geo.  S.  Woolsey.  dis.  with  regt. 
Wm.  Allison,  dis.  with  regt.  Bernard  Gasper, 
dis.  with  regt.  Hollis  Hall.  dis.  witli  regt.  Carl 
A.  Hamisch,  dis.  with  regt.  ('has.  C.  Midwood. 
dis.  with  regiment.  Frank  J.  Stickiiey.  dis.  with 
regiment.  Biiford  Tourman,  discharged  with 
regiment.     John    Lyons,  discharged    with    regt. 

COMPANY    G,  ENHOLLED    Al'(UST,  1.S64. 

Albert  R.  Hall,  1st  Lieut.,  dis.  with  regt.  Wm. 
T.  Bowen,  2d  Lieut.,  dis.  with  regt. 

Privates. — Arthur  B.  Chase,  dis.  with  regt. 
Thomas  Cunningham,  dis.  with  regt.  Horatio 
Hawkins,  dis.  with  regt.  Benjamin  Keesling. 
dis.  with  regt.  Amasa  D.  King.  dis.  with  regt. 
John  H.  Mitchell,  dis.  for  commission.  February 
19.  '65.     C.  Plant,  dis.  with  regt. 

THE    ELEVENTH    HKfilMENT  INFANTHY, 

was  organized,  August,  "lU.  ordered  to  Nash- 
ville, Tennessee,  and  engaged  in  guarding  rail- 
road between  Nashville  and  Louisville,  until 
muster  out  of  regiment,  June,  "65. 


204 


HISTOEY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


FIRST  BATTALION  IXFANTRT.  jnJTN.  VOL., 

originally  commanded  by  Col.  Mark  W.  Downie.  ; 

FIELD    .V.XD   STAFF    OFFICERS. 

Charles  II.  Spear.  Asst.  Surgeon,  en.  .July  1. 
■H.5.  dis.  with  regt.  John  W.  Pride.  Sergt.  Major, 
en.  March  24.  "tU.  \no.  2d  Lieut.  Co.  A  and  Q. 
M..  prisoner  at  Anderson ville  ^  nios..  dis.  with 
regt.  David  L.  Morgan.  Q.  M.  Sergt.,  en.  April 
1.  '64.  dis.  with  regt. 

.    C03IPAXY    A.  FIKST   1!.\.TTAL10X  INFANTRY. 

Chesley  B.  Tirrell.  1st  Lieut.,  en.  May  12,   "64. 

dis.  for  ilisaV)l.  L)eeeiul)er  14.  "64.  for  wds.  reed. 

at  Petersburg.  June  18.  64.      Henry   Ghostly. 

Sergt..  en.  December  30.  "61.  dis.  on  expr.  of  term. 

December  29.  "64.     William  A.  Joy.  Coi-p..  en. 

March  24.  "64,  vet.  vol..  pro.  Sergt..  2d  Lieut.  Co. 

C.  March  16.  "65,  dis.  with  Battalion. 

Pni-a(e.<— Charles  C.  Blanchard.  en.  November  ' 

25.  '61,  dis.  on  e.xpr.  of  term.  November  26.  "64. 

Peter  G.  Boflering,  eu.  February  18,  "64.  dis.  per 

per  order,  June  28,  "Go.    Jeremiah  Collins,  en. 

January  1.  "64.  dis.  per  order.  June  27.  "6-5.  Wm. 

Coombs,  en.  Januarv  1.  "64.  dis.  with  Co.     Chas. 

I 
A.  Coombs,  en.  September  16.  "61 .  dis.  on  expr.  of 

term.  May  20.  "6.5.  Turner  Pribble.  en.  Novem- 
ber 2.5,  "61.  eaptd.  June  22.  "64.  dis.  per  order. 
July  24,  '6o.  George  Sias.  en.  March  14.  "6^4. 
prisoner  at  Andersonville.  dis.  with  Co. 

Bevruit—Aixroii  Gould,  en.  February  28.  "6.5. 
dis.  with  Co. 

COMPANY   B.   FIRST   BATTALION    INFANTRY". 

Ellet  p.  Perkins.  Capt..  eu.  May  -5.  '64.  dis.  per 
order.  October  13.  "64.  Ileniy  D.  0"Brien.  2d 
Lieut,  en.  May  12.  "64.  pro.  Capt.  Co.  A.  April  10. 
■6-5,  dis.  with  regt..  July  14.  ■6.5.  James  Bryant. 
1st  Sergt.,  en.  March  81.  "64.  jiro.  1st  Lieut..  March 
16.  '6o.  Capt.  Co.  C.  dis.  with  regt.  Adam  C. 
Stites.  Sergt..  en.  September  2S.  "61.  dis.  on  exp. 
of  term,  September  28,  1864.  AV.  AV.  Holden, 
Corp..  en.  February  26.  "63.  jiro.  2d  Lieut..  1st 
Lieut.,  dis.  with  comp.  Archiljald  Ciutis.  Ctup.. 
en.  March  24,  "64,  dis.  with  comp.  William  E. 
Schumacher,  Coi-p.,  en.  March 31,  "64.  pro.  Sergt.. 
dis.  with  comp.  Cieorge  W.  F.  Abraham.  Mus. 
en.  March  30,  "64,  died  November  12.  "64,  m  An- 
dersonvUle  pris. 

Privates — Orv'ille  Ames,  en.  February  25,  '64, 
supposed  to  have  died  July.  "64.     AVUliam  Boffer- 


ding,  en.  February  18,  '64,  dis.  with  comp.    Da- 
vid Carlton,  en.  February  26.  "63,  dis.  with  comp. 
Sylvester  Densmore,  en.  February  27,  "64,  died 
November  26.  "64.  at  City  Point.  Ya.    E.  M.  C. 
Hamilton,  en.  March  31.  "64.  dis.  in  hosp..  June 
19.  "65.    Elmsly  J.  Hamilton,  en.  February  27,  "64. 
pris.  at  Andersonville,  8  mos.,  dis.  Jmie  28,  "65, 
absent  sick.    James  Hawks,  en.  February  29.  "64, 
ilis.  with  comp.     F.  W.  Hohage.  en.  February  26. 
"64,  dis.  with  comp.   David  L.  Morgan,  en.  ilarch 
30.  "64.  pro.  Q.  M.  Sergt.  April  1.  "65.  dis.  with  regt. 
Job  Pratt.  March  1.  "64.  dis.  JiUy  13.  'Ho.  absent 
sick.    Daniel  Sullivan,  en.  November  1 .  "61,  Vet 
Vol..  dis.  on  exp.  of  term.  May  18,  "65.    Ciilbert 
E.  Sly.  en.  March  1.  "64.  died  September  21,  "64. 
in  pris.  at  Bichmond.  Va.    George  G.  Sunbey.  en. 
Feliruary  27.  "64,  died  December  7,  "64,  at  Amia- 
polis.  Md..  of  disease  contracted  in  rebel  prison. 
Peter  Shultz.  en.  February  20.  "64.  dis.  July  21. 
"65.  ab.seut.    Harmon  Stackloffe.  en.  Mar.  2S.  "64. 
pris.  at  Anderson \ille  6  mos.,  dis.  '65,   absent. 
William  Swager.  en.  March  24.  "64.  Yet.  Yol.  dis. 
with  comp.    Norman  Shook,  en.  April  1,  "64.  dis. 
with  company.    James  E.  Weaver,  en.  March  24. 
"64.  Vet.  A'ol..  dis.  \\ith  comp.     Theodore  Brown, 
en.  July  20.  "61.  dis.  on  exp.  of  term.  July  20.  "64. 
Eecruit — Joseph  Ilalleck.  en.  February  14.  "65. 
dis.  per  order  April  4.  "65. 

Fii-st  Battalliou  Infantry.  Minn.  A'ols..  origi- 
nally consisted  of  two  compnies.  organized  from 
the  re-enlisted  veterans,  stay-over  men  and  re- 
cruits of  the  Fii-st  Regiment,  Minnesota  Infantry 
Yohmteers.  Ordered  to  Washington.  D.  C.May 
"64.  Joined  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  June  10. 
"64.  Participated  in  the  following  battles,  marches. 
sieges  and  skirmishes  :  Petei-sburg.  Ya..  June  1>^. 
"64.  Jerusalem  Plank  Boads.  Ya..  June  22  and  23. 
"64.  Deep  Bottom.  \i\..  August  14,  "64.  Hatcher"s 
Bun.  Ya..  Octolier.  27.  "64.  Hatcher"s  Run.  Feb- 
ruary 5,  "65.  Company  C.  joined  March  27.  "65. 
Took  active  part  in  campaign  commencing  March 
28.  "65.  and  resultmg  in  the  capture  of  Petei-s- 
bin-g,  "S'a..  April  2.  "65.  and  the  surrender  of 
Lee"s  Army.  April  9,  "65.  Four  new  companies 
joined  at  Berks\ille,  \a..  April  "65:  marched 
from  Berksville.  Vn..  to  Washington,  D.  C, 
May  "65.  Two  new  companies  joined  at  A\'asli- 
ington.  Ordered  to  Louisville.  K\..  June  "65. 
Mustered  out  at  Jeffersonville,  Ind.,  July  14,  '65. 
Discharged  at  Fort  Suelliug  July  25,  "65. 


HEAVY  ARTILLEBY— SHARP  SHOOTERS— MOUNTED  RANGERS. 


205 


FIRST   REGIMENT  HEAVY   ARTILLERY, 

originally  commanded  by  Col.  AVm.  Colville. 
Christ.  B.  Ileffelfiuger.  Major,  com.  April  25, '65, 
dis.  with  regt. 

COMPANY   A. 

Prii-ates.—Vfm.  II.  Bartlett,  en.  September  19, 
'64,  dis.  with  company.  John  Gotwold,  en.  Sep- 
temlier  19,  "1)4,  dis.  June  2,  '65,  at  St.  Paul.  Richard 
Hooper,  en.  Septemljer  19,  '64,  dis.  with  company. 
Peter  Iloppe.  en.  September  19,  '64,  dis.  with  com- 
pany. Gordon  Jackins,  en.  September  23,  '64,  dis. 
with  company,  ilicliael  Smith,  en.  September 
29,  '64,  dis.  with  company.  John  S.  Wales,  en. 
September  21,  "64,  dis.  '65,  absent. 

COMPANY   B. 

Privates.— James  M.  Gillaspie,  en.  September 
19,  '64,  dis.  with  company.  Henry  Miller,  en. 
September  19,  '64,  dis.  with  company.  Henry  C. 
Miller,  September  22,  '64,  transfd  to  Co.  E  July 
7,  '65.  dis.  per  order  August  28,  '65,  Geo.  R. 
Schaffer,  en.  September  14,  '64,  dis.  with  company. 
Wm.  B.  Shaffel,  en.  September  22,  '64,  dis.  with 
company.  Norman  Ward,  en.  September  14, 
pro.  Corp.  Sergt.,  dis.  with  company. 

COMPANY   C. 

Irving  A.  Dnnsmoor.  en.  Oct.  15,  '64,  Sergt., 
dis.  with  company.  R.  II.  Ogburn.  en.  Septem- 
ber 2,  '64,  Sergt.,  dis.  witli  coini)any. 

COMPANY  II. 

John  Hiissey,  Jr.,  2d  Lieut,  en.  February  17, 
'65,  resigned  June  26,  '65.  L.  F.  Sampson,  1st 
Sergt.,  en.  March,  '65,  dis.  with  regt.  Romain 
Pouliot,  priv.,  dis.  w'ith  regt. 

The  First  Regiment  Heavy  Artillery,  organized 
April  '65.  Ordered  to  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  and 
stationed  at  post  until  muster  out  of  regiment, 
September  "65. 

FIRST   COMPANY  SHARP   SHOOTERS,    ENROLLED 
MARCH,  1862, 

originally  commanded  by  ('apt.  Francis  Peteler. 
Benedict  Hipler,  First  Lieutenant,  pro.  ('apt. 
February  10,  '62,  resigned  July  2.s.  "62.  Dudley 
P.  Chase,  Second  Lieutenant,  pro.  First  Lieu- 
tenant February  10,  '62,  Capt.  July  18,  '62,  died 
of  wounds  reed,  in  battle  at  Chancellorville  Va. 
Jackson  Steward,  Sergt.  died  June  28,  '62,  at 
Alexandria,   Ya.     Uriah   R.  Penny,   Corp.  dis. 


for  disab.  April  1.  "US.     Wm.  P.  Collius,  Corp. 
no  record. 

Privates — Lucius  Bell,  died  January  12,  1862. 
Jno.  W.  Babcock,  died  May  12,  '62,  at  Washing- 
ton. Preston  Cooper,  deserted  April  17,  '63. 
Daniel  W.  Jones,  dis.  per  order  May  1862.  Jas. 
Kerr,  re-en  ;  transferred  to  1st  Bat.  January  1, 
'65.  Wm.  T.  Kerr,  dis.  on  exp.  of  term,  Seiitem- 
ber  22,  '64.  Henry  McGaffery,  re-en.  transfd.  to 
1st  Bat.  January  30,  '65.  Eugene  M(>riai«ty,  dis. 
for  disab.  February  4,  "63.  Abraham  Maricle, 
dropped  from  rolls  Aug.  1,  "63.  Wm.  E.  Mason, 
re-en.  transfd.  to  1st  Bat.  January  30,  65.  Jas. 
M.  Powers,  dis.  for  disab.  Jan.  14,  '63.  Dyer 
Pettijohn,  re-en,  transfd.  to  1st  Bat.  January 
30,  '65.  Lawrence  T.  Prescott,  no  record.  Silas 
S.  Parmeter,  no  record.  Henry  W.  Sampson, 
dis.  for  disab.  March  5,  '63.  Dudley  A.  Boan, 
recruit,  transfd.  to  1st  Bat.  Eugene  Swartout, 
transfd.  to  1st  Bat.  January  30,  "65. 

SECOND  COMPANY  SHARP  SHOOTERS,  ENROLLED 
MARCH,   1862. 

originally  commanded  by  Capt.  Wm.  F.  Russell. 

A.  J.  Underwood,  Sergt.,  dis.  for  disabl.,  Nov- 
ember 1,  '62.  J.  B.  Chaney,  Corp.,  dis.  for  disabl. 
October  18,  '62. 

Privates — Samuel  B.  Beach,  veteran.  Charles 
H.  Spear,  C.  F.  Widstrand,  S.  R.  Churchill. 

The  company  left  St.  Paul.  Minn..  April  21. 
'62,  reported  by  order  of  Maj.  Gen.  :McClellan  to 
the  first  regiment  U.  S.  S.  S.,  at  Yorktown.  Ya.. 
May  6,  "62.  May  22,  "62,  by  special  order  Xo. 
153,  issued  by  Maj.  (ieu.  ^McClellan,  the  company 
was  assigned  for  duty  with  the  First  Minnesota 
Yolunteers,  and  on  duty  with  that  regiment  from 
June  1,  '62,  and  particii)ating  iu  all  the  engage- 
ments and  battles  of  said  regiment,  until  its 
muster  out  of  the  V.  S.  Service.  All  the  enlisted 
men  of  the  company  whose  terms  had  not  ex- 
pired, were  transferred  to  Companies  A  and  B, 
of  the  First  Miimesota  Infantry,  in  pursuance  of 
special  order  No.  102,  Headquarters  Army  of 
the  Potomac,  dated  April  22,  '65. 

FIRST   REGIMENT   MOUNTED   RANGERS, 

originally  commanded  by  Col.  Samuel  McPhaill. 

George  E.  DuToit,  Hospital  Steward,  en.  De- 
cember 1,  '62,  dis.  with  regt. 


206 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


COMPANY  A. 

Eugene  ^I.  AVilson.  I'apt..  en.  Octuher  9.  "62. 
dis.  with  fomp..  October  20.  "63.  James  M. 
Paine.  2tl  Lieut.,  en.  October  9.  "62,  tlis.  with 
comp.  Elisha  Cowan,  Sergt.,  en.  October  9.  "62.. 
dis.  with  comp.  .James  B.  AVilson.  Sergt..  en. 
October  9.  "62.  dis.  witli  comp.  Steplien  Pratt, 
Corp..  en.  October  9,  "62,  dis.  with  comp.  Ed- 
ward Morse.  Corp..  en.  October  9.  "62.  reduced 
Xovember  10.  "62,  dis.  with  comp.  Arcliibald 
Mc(Jill,  Corp.,  en.  Oct.  9,  "62,  dis.  with  comp. 
James  Sweeny.  Wag.  en.  October  9.  "62.  dis.  with 
comp. 

PrivdteK — Jolni  B.  Boseman.  en.  Octol)er  1.  "62. 
dis.  with  comp.  David  Christlieb,  en.  September 
20,  "62,  dis.  witli  comp.  Charles  Duprey,  en. 
September  20.  "62.  dis.  with  comp.  Livingston 
Estes.  en.  Sept.  23.  "62.  dis.  witli  comp.  Wilson 
Gray,  en.  September  20.  "62.  dis.  witli  comp.  Ed- 
ward Hughes,  en.  September  20.  "62.  dis.  with 
comp.  Joshua  Harris,  en.  September  27.  "62.  died 
at  Fort  Snelluig,  Xovember  12,  '62.  Robert  II. 
Jefferson,  en.  September  22.  "62,  dis.  with  comp. 
Jasper  X.  Johnson,  en.  September  27,  "62  desrtd. 
March.  "63.  Emanuel  Lavelly.  en.  September  20. 
"62  dis.  with  comp.  Thomas  Otterman.  en.  Sep- 
tember 24.  "62,  dis.  with  comp.  Charles  Pope,  en. 
September  27.  died  at  Fort  Ripley.  Minn.,  Sep- 
tember 30.  "63.  Isaac  X^.  Russell.  Jr..  en.  Sep- 
tember 27.  "62,  dis.  with  comj).  Frederick  Ray- 
mond, en.  September  2ti.  "62.dis.  with  comp.  Wil- 
liam E.  Roth,  en.  September  29, "62,  dis.  with  comp. 
Matliew  Sullivan,  en.  September  23,  '62,  dis.  with 
comp.  Albert  Simon,  en.  September  27,  "62.  dis. 
with  comp.  Charles  S.  Plummer.  en.  Septemlier 
25,  "62,  dis.  with  comp.  Robert  W.  Sanborn,  en. 
September  26,  "62,  pro.  Corp.  Sergt.,  dis.  with 
comp.  Andrew  L.  Tennison.  en.  September  27. 
"1)2.  dis.  with  comp.  George  II.  AViaiits.  en.  Sep- 
tember 20,  "62,  dis.  with  comp.  Michael  Wolf, 
en.  September  20,  "62,  dis.  with  comp. 

Becfuits — Alpheus  Angell.  en.  June  19,  "63,  dis. 
with  comp.  -James  Parker,  en.  October  17,  "63, 
dis.  with  comp. 

lO.MPAXY   c. 

James  Patten,  Corp..  en.  October  17.  "62.  dis. 
with  company.  John  McCormick.  teamster,  en. 
October  17.  "62,  dis.  with  company.  Clark 
Ellsworth,  blacksmith,  en.  October  17.  "62.  dis. 
with  company. 


Privates. — Ezra  B.  Ames.  en.  September,  23, 
"62,  dis.  with  company,  ^\'m.  P.  Burnett,  en. 
September  19.  "62.  dis.  with  company.  Ed.  C.  Coun- 
tryman, en.  September  26.  "62.dis.  withcompanv. 
John  Droddy.  en.  October  15.  "62.  dis.  with  com- 
pany. Iliram  W.  Dorman.  en.  September  23,  "62. 
dis.  with  company.  Thomas  E.  Ellsworth,  en. 
September  23,  "62,  (Ued  October  21.  "62.  at  Fort 
Snelling.  P.  P.  Farrington.  en.  September  26.  "62. 
dis.  with  company.  Henry  Kelly,  en.  September 
27,  "62.  dis.  with  company.  E.  Leiiiieman.  en.  Sep- 
tember 23.  "62.  dis.  with  company.  Sanford  Red- 
ding, en.  October  15,  "62,  dis.  with  company.  Adol- 
phusSchenck.  en.  October  14.  "62.  dis.  with  com- 
pany. Wni.  II.  Tilton.en.  September  25.  "62.  dis. 
with  company.  John  Wyman.  en.  September  23, 
'62.  dis.  with  company.  Samuel  Wilson,  en.  Sej)- 
tember23,  "62.  dis.  with  company. 

liecndts. — Harvey  Bowen.  eii.  March  14.  "63. 
dis.  with  company.  Andrew  J.  Cates,  en.  Feb- 
ruary 14.  '63.  dis.  with  company.  Samuel  Mm- 
phy.  en.  January  30.  "63.  dis.  with  company. 

C'OJIPAXV  F. 

Recruits — Horace  M.  Avery,  en.  December  23, 
"62,  dis.  with  company.  Job  Brown,  en.  May  22. 
"63,  dis.  with  K'ompauy.  Levi  Ilavilauit.  eu. 
March  22, "63,  dis.  with  company. 

COJfPANY  G. 

Privates — Alex.  Burnell.  en.  X'oveniber  21.  "62. 
dis.  for  disabl..  March  1.  "63.  Samuel  Layman, 
en.  Xovember  22.  "62,  dis.  with  Co.  William  II. 
Lampman.  en.  October  28,  "62.  dis.  with  Co. 
George  Lampman.  en.  X'oveniber  22.  "62.  dis. 
with  Co.  (ieorge  Palmer,  en.  Xovember  22.  "62, 
dis.  with  Co.  Charles  ^I.  Stinson.  en.  Xovem- 
ber 22.  "62.  (lis.  with  Co. 

•  OJirANY    K. 

Private — James  F.  Hyland.  en.  December  10. 
"62.  dis.  with  Co. 

COMPANY   M. 

Privates — John  Bruth,  en.  December  5,  "62.  dis. 
with  Co.  Peter  Langle.  en.  Xovember  25,  '62. 
dis.  with  Co.  Peter  Leonard,  en.  Xovember  20. 
"62.  dis.  with  Co. 

FIRST   MOUNTED    KANfiKliS. 

organized  March.  "63.   Stationed  at  frontier  posts 
until  May.  "63.  when  ordered  upon  Indian  expedi- 


BRACKETT'S  BATTALION  CAVALRY. 


207 


tion.  Engaged  with  Indians,  July  24,  26.  and  28, 
'63.  On  return  of  expedition,  stationed  at  frontier 
posts  until  mustered  out.  Mustered  out  Viy 
companies,  between  October  1,  "6;-!  and  December 
30.  "63. 

brackett's  battalion  cavalry, 

originally  commanded  by  Major  A.  B.  Brackett. 

r.  O.  Johnson,  Surgeon,  en.  February  1.  '02.  res. 
lHti4. 

COMPANY  A. 

Nicholas  Bode,  mus.  en.  October",  "(U. 

P)-u-a(e.s— Henry  Moore,  en.  October  19,  '61, 
dis.  August  27,  '62.  for  wds.  reed,  in  battle  May 
5,  '62.  Martin  Y.  Pratt,  en.  October  11.  '61,  dis. 
on  exp.  of  term,  October  28,  '64.  Simon  Uiesgraf, 
en.  September  25,  '61,  dis.  on  exp.  of  term,  Sep- 
tember2o,  "64.  Recndtn — Ohas.  A.  Ilutchings.  en. 
March  5,  '6.5,  Vet.  Pro.  Corp.  dis.  with  company. 
Isaac  N.  Hoblitt,  en.  February  13,  '65,  dis.  on  exp. 
of  term,  February  13,  "66.  Wm.  Kissinger,  en. 
February  11, "65,  dis.  on  exp.  of  term,  February, 
11,  '66.  ('has.  F.  Longfellow,  en.  February  14, 
'65,  dis.  on  exp.  of  term  February  14,  '66.  John 
F.Smith,  en.  February  11,  '65,  dis.  on  exp  .of 
term,  February  11,  '66. 

COMPANY  B. 

Privates — Geo.  S.  Brown,  en.  March  64,  dis. 
with  company.  Henry  S.  Chase,  en.  March  22,  '64, 
dis.  with  company.  William  Finley,  en.  March 
24,  '64,  dis.  with  company.  Amos  B.  Hurley,  en. 
March  23,  '64,  pro.  wagoner,  dis.  with  company. 
John  II.  Ilaughley,  March  26, '64,  dis.  with  com- 
pany. "Walter  Keough,  en.  March  30,  "64,  dis.  with 
company.  Columbus  Myers,  en.  March  30,  '64, 
dis.  with  company,  James  H.  Pottle,  en.  March 
30,  '64,  dis.  with  company.  Samuel  J.  Peel,  en. 
March  26,  "64.  dis.  with  company.  Chas.  H. 
AVaters,  en.  March  25,  "64.  dis.  with  company, 
Samuel  A.  "Wilson,  en.  April  5,  "64,  vet.  dis.  with 
company.  Dominick  Grutch,  en.  February  13,  65 
dis.  with  company.  Peter  Miller  en.  February 
13,  '65,  dis.  on  exp.  of  term.  Felmiary  28,  '66. 
John  Rust,  en.  Felnuary  13,'65,  dis.  February 
28,  '66.  Nicholas  Thilleau,  en.  February  11,  "65, 
dis.  February  11,  66.  Archibald  E.  Howe,  en. 
February  14,  '65,  dis.  February  27,  '66.  Peter 
('.  Howe,  en  February  14,  '65,  dis.  per  order  June 
2,  1865. 


COMPANY   C. 

Henry  S.  Lindsay,  Mus..  en.  November28,  '61. 
died  January  26.  "62.  in  hospital  at  Camp  Benton, 
Mo.  John  Finnegan,  Wag.,  en.  November  20, 
'61,  re-en.  Dec.  31,  '63,  dis.  per  order. 

Privates. — Francis  W.  Carlton,  en.  November 
1.  '61,  dis.  on  exp.  of  term  Decemljer  19.  '64. 
Wallace  11.  Lashell,  en.  November  14,  '61,  re-en. 
Dec.  31,  '63,  dis.  with  company.  Oren  J.  Swan, 
en.  Nov.  1,  '61,  dis.  on  exp.  of  term,  December 
19,  '64.  John  B.  Thompson,  en.  November  18. 
'61,  re-en.  December  31,  '63,  pro.  Corp.,  dis.  with 
company. 

Recruits.~yVm.  Xau  Eman,  en.  February  29, 
'64,  dis.  with  company.  Ephriam  AVhitney,  en. 
February  29,  '64,  dis.  with  company.  Geo.  B. 
Allen,  en.  February  13,  '65,  one  year,  dis.  on  exp. 
Bernard  Cloutier,  one  year,  dis.  on  exp. 

COMPANY   T>. 

Recruits.^ J a,s.  11.  Brownell,  en.  February  10, 
'64,  dis.  with  company.  John  Connor,  en.  De- 
cember 15,  '63,  dis.  with  company. 

brackett's  BATTALION  CAVALRY, 

originally  1st,  2d  and  3d  Companies  of  this  cavalry 
organized  October  and  November '61.  Ordered 
to  Benton  Barracks,  Mo.,  December  "61.  Assigned 
to  a  regiment  called  Curtis'  Horse.  Ordered  to 
Fort  Henry,  Tenn.,  February  '62.  Name  of 
regiment  changed  to  Fifth  Iowa  Cavalry,  April 
'62,  as  Companies  G,  I)  and  K.  Engaged  in  siege 
of  Corinth  April  '62.  Ordered  to  Fort  Herman, 
Tenn.,  August  '62.  "\'eteranized  February  '64. 
Ordered  to  Department  of  Northwest,  "64.  Or- 
dered upon  Indian  expedition.  Engaged  with 
Indians  July  28,  and  August  "64.  Mustered  out 
l)y  companies  between  May  "66,  and  June  '66. 

SECOND   REGIJIENT  CAVALRY, 

originally  commanded  by  Col.  K.  N.  McLaren. 

COMPANY   A,  ENROLLED   FEBRUARY.  '63. 

Privates— Trimk  Brabic,  dis.  on  expr.  of  term. 
Feb.  13,  '65.  Charles  Stien,  dis.  on  expr.  of  term. 
'65.    Louis  Stein,  dis.  per  order,  July  11,  '65. 

COMPANY   D. 

James  M.  Payne,  Capl..  en.  October  23,  '63. 
dis.  with  Co.,  December  2,  "65.  Robert  Wood, 
2d  Lieut,,  en.  October  24,  '63,  died  November  25. 
'64.  at  Fort  Wadsworth.    Archibald  McGill,  1st 


208 


HISTOEY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Sergt.,  en.  2^ovember  20,  pro.  2d  Lieut.,  1st 
Lieut.  Co.  H.,  June  6,  'Go.  liis.  with  Cn..  April 
28,  "66.  Roljert  MeGratli.  g.  M.  Sergt.  en. 
November  7,  "tiS.  (lis.  witli  Cn.  lioljert  W.  San- 
born, Sergt..  en.  October  23,  '63,  pro.  2d  Lieut., 
dis.  with  Co.  Andrew  J.  Cates,  Sergt.,  en.  Nov- 
eml)er  2,  "t}3,  dis.  witli  Co.  Geo.  C.  Ticlaior, 
Corp..  en.  December  3.  "63,  dis.  witli  Co.  David 
X.  Jenkins.  Corp..  en.  Octol)er  2S,  '()3,  reduced, 
dis.  with  Co.  Levi  W.  Merritt,  Corp..  en  Decem- 
l)er  12,  "(13,  dis.  for  disabl.,  .June,  '6o.  Ancel 
Ticknor,  Wag.,  en.  December  3.  "63,  reduced, 
dis.  with  Co.  Geo.  C.  Mar.sliall,  Blk  smth..  en. 
December  7,  "(iS,  reduced,  dis.  witli  Co. 

Privateif — "William  Armstrong,  en.  >'ovemlier 
7,  "63,  dis.  witli  conip.  Charles  S.  Bardwell,  en. 
November  13,  "63,  pro.  Corp..  dis.  with  comj). 
Joshua  S.  Bryant,  en.  December  7.  ■()3.  dis.  with 
comp.  A.  V.  Ueeman,  en.  Nov.,  "()3,  dis.  with 
comp.  Richard  Clayton,  en.  Decemlier  22,  "fiS. 
dis.  with  comp.  Thomas  Cardman,  en.  Novem- 
l)er  2.  "153.  dis.  for  disab..  September  1,  "65.  Car- 
los Douglas,  en.  December  1,  "ii3,  dis.  with  comp. 
John  M.  Eddy,  en.  November  7.  "(53,  appointed 
blacksmith,  dis.  with  comp.  Llewellyn  Goodale, 
en.  December  2(5,  "03,  dis.  with  regt.  John 
Larington,  en.  December  2,  "63.  destd.  .Nhi>  4.  "tU. 
at  Fort  Snelling.  Patrick  ilcKiuuey,  en.  Novem- 
ber 10,  "(K^.dis.  for  disab..  July  2o,  "(i.j.  Roderick 
McLennan,  en.  November  28,  ■03,  dis.  with  comp. 
Moses  F.  Olliver,  en.  November  21,  "tiS,  appointed 
trumpeter,  dis.  with  regt.  Samuel  S.  Paine,  en. 
Noveml)er  6,  "63,  pro.  Chaplain,  dis.  with  regt. 
Edmond  Phinney,  en.  December  4,  "(iS,  dis.  with 
comp.  Joseph  Sliarr,  en.  November  24,  "63,  dis. 
with  comp.  Charles  II.  Sumner,  en.  December 
13,  "63,  dis.  witli  comp.  .James  P.  Ticknor.  en. 
December  3,  "63.  pro.  Corp.,  dis.  with  regt.  Ben- 
jamin Wallace,  en.  October  28.  'i>3.  dis,  with  comp. 
(xeorge  H.  Wymants,  en.  December  1-5.  ■t)3.  dis. 
with  comp.  Henry  C.  Williams,  en.  December 
16,  "63,  dis.  with  comp.  Matthias  Weidenbach, 
en.  November  24,  "63,  died  March  17.  "6.5,  at  Fort 
Wadsworth.  Chester  C.  Ward.  en.  November  16, 
"63,  dis.  witli  comp. 

Becruits — I  Enrolled  February  14,  "6-5.1 — Horatio 
Beeman,  dis.,  no  record.  Mark  M.  Bridges,  dis., 
no  record.  Samuel  M.  Haws.  dis..  no  record. 
Joseph  Naramore,  dis.,  no  record.  Edward 
Stoddard,  dis..  no  record. 


COMPANY  F. 

Becruits. — Leander  \'.  Allen,  en.  February  14. 
■6.5.  dis.  with  company.  Oscar  R.  Champlin,  en. 
March  30.  "64.  dis.  with  company.  Geo.  B.  Whid- 
din.  en.  February  1.5.  "6-5.  dis.  with  company. 

COMPANY   1. 

Price  B.  Ourcus.  recruit,  en.  ilarcli  29.  '64, 
dis.  with  company. 

COMPANY   L. 

Romain  A.  Streeter,  private,  en.  February  16, 
"64,  dis.  with  company. 

Second  Minnesota  Cavalry,  organized  December 
"63,  and  January  "64.  Ordered  upon  Indian  ex- 
pedition May  "64.  Engaged  with  Indians  July 
28  and  August  "(U.  Stationed  at  frontier  posts 
until  muster  out  of  regiment  by  companies  be- 
tween November  "6-5  and  June  "66. 

INDEPENDENT   BATTALION,  C.WALKY, 

originally  commanded  by  Major  E.  A.  C.  Hatch. 

COMPANY    A. 

Will.  W.  Wilson,  Sergt.,  en.  July  6,  "63,  dis, for 
disab.  James  N.  Dudley,  Sergt.,  June  30,  "63, 
reduced,  dis.  with  company.  Edward  (x.  Libby, 
Sergt..  en.  July  1.5,  "63,  reded,  dis.  with  company. 
St.  Don  Palmer,  Corp,,  en.  June  30.  "63,  pro. 
Sergt.,  dis.  with  comp.  John  M.  Burgan.  Corp., 
en.  July  1-5.  "63,  reduced,  dis.  with  comp.  Nich- 
olas Am,  Trumpeter,  June  27,  "63,  dis,  with  comp. 

Prirutes. — Miles  J.  Haver,  en.  July  17,  "63,  dis. 
for  disab.  Edwin  Brewster,  en.  July  1.5,  '63,  dis. 
with  comp.  Nathaniel  Chantler,  en.  July  1.5,  "63, 
dis.  with  comp.  And.  Cruickshanks.  en.  June 
30,  "63,  dis,  witli  comp.  Ronald  Cruickshanks.  en. 
June  30,  "63,  dis.  with  comp.  John  A.  Coleman,  en. 
June  30,  "63,  no  record  given.  Chas.  H.  Cook,  en. 
July  1.5,  "63.  dis.  with  comp.  Sam'l  P.  Hall.  en. 
June  30,  "63,  died  Oct.  1-5.  "63,  at  ^Minnetonka, 
Minn.  Joseph  Ilankerson,  en.  July  6,  "63,  died 
September  10.  "63,  at  Minneapolis.  Charles 
Ogl)uriL.  en.  July  6,  '63,  dis.  with  comp.  Thos. 
C.  Wakelield,  en.  June  30,  '63,  dis.  with  company. 
Christian  Wolter,  en.  July.  "63,  dis.  with  comp. 

J?fc/-!(("f.s— Alfred  Gervais.  en.  July  28,  '63,  dis. 
for  disab.  March  14,  "6.5.  Edwin  M.  Snow,  en. 
February  22,  "64,  dis.  per  order,  April  6,  '66. 
Chas.  H.  Parrish,  en.  Feb.  22,  '64,  dis.  for  disabl. 
Frederic  Bowers,  en.  February  23, "64,  dis.  with 


INDEPENDENT  BATTALION  CAVALBT. 


209 


company.    Abe  Zimmerman,  en.    February  23, 
"64,  dis.  per  order  :SIarch  29,  "66. 

COMPANY  B. 

Geo.  C.  Whitcomb,  capt.,  en.  July  7,  '(iS,  dis. 
witli  comp.  Tliomas  II.  Briggs,  Q.  M.  Sergt., 
en.  July  4,  "63,  pro.  1st  Sergt.  dis.  with  comp. 
James  W.  Hankinson,  Corp.  en.  August  7,  '63, 
reduced  Deceml>er  1,  "63,  disclid.  for  promotion 
February  25,  "6o.  Toluey  R.  Walters,  Corp.  en. 
July  16,  '63,  reduced  December  1,  63,  re-appoint- 
ed Corp.  July  17,  "64,  dis.  for  disab.  February 
14,  '65.  Moses  II.  Ripley,  blksmth.  en.  August 
4,  '63,  dis.  per  order  January  27,  "66. 

Prii-atcs — Robert  Archibald,  en.  August  10,  '63 
dis.  with  comp.  Josepli  Bonldice,  en.  July  14, 
'63.  dis.  with  comp.  Octave  Boucher,  en.  July 
31,  '63,  dis  with  comp.  Chas.  Bohanon,  en.  Aug- 
ust 7,  '63,  dis.  with  comp.  Joseph  Burnell,  en. 
August  3,  '63,  dis.  with  comp.  Beleana  Burnell, 
en.  August  3,  "63,  dis.  with  comp.  Justin  A. 
Dayton,  en.  July  2,  "63,  dis.  with  comp.  Joseph 
Desjardins,  en.  July,  29,  '63,  dis.  with  company. 
Samuel  Ilelthy,  en.  August  H,  '(i3,  deserted  Sep- 
tember 15,  "65.  Wm.  McKenzie,  en.  July  1,  '63, 
dis.  for  disab.  September  15,  "65.  Charles  Mid- 
wood,  en.  Jidy  8,  "63,  deserted  August  63.  Lud- 
wig  Netzbone,  en.  July  16,  "63,  dis.  with  comp. 
Leroy  B.  Newton,  en.  August  7,  '63,  pro.  Sergt. 
dis.  with  comp.  Luman  Putnam,  en.  July  1,  '63 
died  Octol)er  3,  "63,  at  Minneapolis.  Michael 
Patnode,  en.  August  3,  '63  dis.  with  comp.  Moses 
Fatnode,  en.  August  3,  '63,  dis.  with  company. 
Thomas  Peisen,  en.  July  16,  '63,  dis.  with  comp. 
Lewis  Riley,  en.  July  11,  '63,  dis.  with  company. 
Albert  Roth,  en.  July  15,  "63,  dis.  with  with  comp. 
Adoli)h  Roberts,  en.  August  3,  '63,  dis.  per  order 
May  7,  "66.  Leon  Richards,  en.  .Vugust  7,  '63, 
dig.  with  comp.  John  C.  Saddler,  en.  July  1,  '63. 
dis.  for  disab.  July  8.  "65.  Joseph  Scott,  en. 
August  3,  "63,  dis.  with  comp.  Oliver  Van- 
Bunker,  en.  July  1,  '63,  dis.  with  comp.  Edgar 
Nott,  en.  July  13,  63,  dis.  with  comp. 

Recndtx—John  Donlon.en.  August  15,  "63,  dis. 

with  comp.    James  Scully,  en.  Septem))er22,  '63, 

dis.  with  comp.     Albert  C.  Fletcher,  en.   March 

30,  '64,  dis.  with  comp.     William  E.  Roth,  en. 

March  26,  '64,  dis.  with  comp.  La  Salle  Roth,  en. 

March  26,  '64,  dis.  with  comp.    Isaiah  Dougherty, 

en.  March  28,  "64,  dis.  per  order,  March  11.  "66. 
14 


Joseph  Brunell,  Jr.,  en.  September  21,  '63,  dis. 
with  comp. 

COMPANY  c. 

Daniel  W.  Getchell,  Sergt.,  en.  August  22,  '63, 
dis.  with  comp. 

Privates — Frederick  II.  Chilson,  en.  August  31, 
'63,  dis.  with  comp.  John  Flam,  en.  August  24, 
'63,  dis.  with  comp.  Jos.  Gagne,  Jr.,  en.  Se])- 
tember  9,  '63.  dis.  with  comp.  John  Hollander, 
en.  September  8,  '63,  dis.  with  comp.  Peter 
Roshen,  en.  September  9,  "63.  dis.  with  comp. 
Ernest  Smith,  en.  September  11,  '63,  dis.  with 
comp. 

Eecruits—Fhilo  S.  Thayer,  en.  March  25,  '64, 
dis.  with  comp.  William  Bushnel.  en.  ^March  28, 
"64,  dis.  per  order,  March  22,  '65.  Amos  Hoyt, 
en.  March  28,  '64,  dis.  per  order,  March  10,  '66. 
Fred"k.  Miller,  en.  April  1,  "64,  died  November 
5,  '65.  Edward  Morse,  en.  April  1,  '64,  dis.  with 
coiup.  Charles  Eggert,  en.  April  1,  "64,  dis.  with 
comp.  George  Slater,  en.  April  1 ,  '64,  dis.  for 
disabl.  July  3,  '65. 

COMPANY    D. 

Privates— Byron  E.  Bushnell,en.  November  19, 
'63,  dis.  for  disab.,  March  29,  '64.  George  God- 
frey, en.  February  27,  "64,  dis.  with  comp.  Chris- 
tian Keller,  en.  March  28,  "64.  dis.  with  comp. 
Frederick  Biers,  en.  April  1,  "64,  dis.  with  comp. 
Mahlon  Cooper,  en.  April  18,  "64,  dis.  with  comp. 

COMPANY   E. 

George  Boyd,  Jr.,  Capt.,  en.  August  31,  "64,  dis. 
with  comp. ,  May  1 ,  '66.  JIark  T.  Berry,  1  st  Lieut. , 
en.  August  31,  '64,  dis.  with  comp.  Alden  M. 
Kimball,  2d  Lieut.,  en.  August  31,  "64,  dis.  per 
order.  John  M.  McKeen,  Q.  M.  Sergt.,  en.  Au- 
gust 8,  "64,  dis.  with  com]).  Nelson  II.  Miner, 
Com.  Sergt.,  en.  August  29,  "04,  dis.  with  comp. 
George  H.  Stetson,  Sergt..  en.  August  4,  "64.  re- 
duced, dis.  with  comp.  Leonard  II.  Dodge,  Corp., 
en.  August  18.  "64,  pro.  Sergt.,  dis.  with  comp. 
Francis  Day,  Corp.,  en.  August  8,  "64.  pro.  Sergt. 
dis.  with  comp.  And.  McCausland,  Corp.,  en. 
August  29,  '64,  dis.  with  comp.  Israel  S.  Parker, 
Corp.,  en.  August  8,  "64,  dis.  with  comp.  George 
A.  Hall,  Corp.,  en.  August  4,  "64,  dis  with  comp. 
Asa  Goidd,  Corp.,  en.  August  29,  '64,  dis.  with 
comp.  Gideon  B.  Stetson,  Mus.,  en.  August  4, 
"64,  dis.  with  comp.     Israel  (i.  Stetson.  Mus.,  en. 


■210 


HISTORY  OF  HENyEPIX  COUNTY 


August  4,  "64,  dis.  for  disab,  March  13,  "66.  Da- 
vid P.  Palmer.  Fanier.  en.  August  29,  "64,  dis. 
witli  comp. 

Privates — Tliomas  Armstrong,  en.  August  4, 
"64,  dis.  with  comp.  Cyrus  J.  Braman.  en.  Aug. 
10.  "64.  dis.  per  order.  Octol)er  26.  "6.5.  Francis 
Bren.  en.  August  22.  "64.  dis.  witli  comp.  John 
Chastek,  en.  August  22.  "64.  dis.  witli  comji. 
John  H.  Crate,  en.  August  12.  "64.  dis.  witli  comp. 
John  Droddy.  en.  August  22.  "64.  dis.  with  comp. 
John  Gleeson,  en.  August  3.  "64,  dis.  with  comp. 
Harrison  Goodale.  en.  August  9.  "64,  dis.  with 
comp.  Patrick  B.  Larkiu.  en.  August  9,  "64.  dis. 
with  comp.  Isaac  Lloyd,  en.  August  9.  "64,  dis. 
with  comp.  Cassius  II.  Lobdel.  en.  August  4, 
"64,  dis.  with  comp.  Xathaniel  G.  Leighton,  en. 
August  8.  "64.  dis.  with  comp.  Peter  ililler.  en. 
August  10.  "64.  dis.  with  comii.  Benjamin  Max- 
on,  en.  August  24.  "64.  dis.  with  comp.  Peter 
Raymond,  en.  August  27.  "64.  dis.  with  comp. 
Ijawreuce  Riley,  en.  August  4,  "64.  dis.  with  comp. 
Peter  Rusch,  en.  August  4.  "64,  dis.  with  comp. 
John  Smitana.  en.  August  22.  "64.  sent  to  Insane 
Asylum.  Jamiary  23,  "66.  AVilliam  Sturman,  en. 
Aug.  23,  "64.  dis.  for  disabl.  Xov.  8,  "65.  Geo.  D. 
Tuttle.  en.  August  4.  "64,  dis  with  comp.  Daniel 
T.  Thompson,  en.  August  25,  "64,  dis.  with  comp. 
Charles  Wolsfleld.  en.  August  9.  "64,  i)ro.  Corp., 
dis.  with  comp.  George  Young,  en.  August  29, 
"64,  dis.  with  comp. 

Recruit!! — [Enrolled  February  17,  "65  :  dis.  on 
exp.  of  term.  February  17,  "66.]— Samuel  H.  Bo- 
hanon,  Charles  K.  Carlton,  Charles  S.  Plummer, 
Wilham  Stanchfleld.  Justus  II.  AVyhe.  Daniel  L. 
Carlton.    S.  L.  Bohanon. 

co3ip.\xy  F. 

Private — Antouie  Pantel.  en.  August  8.  "64, 
dis.  with  comp. 

Independent  Battalion  ilinnesota  Cavalry,  or- 
ganized July,  "63.  Ordered  to  Pemliina,  D. 
T..  October.  "63;  ordered  to  Fort  Abererombie. 
D.  T..  ilay,  "64;  stationed  at  Fort  Abererombie- 
imtil  mustered  out.  Mustered  out  by  companies 
from  April  to  June.  "66. 

FIRST   BATTERY   LIGHT   ARTILLERY. 

originally  commanded  by   Capt.   Emil  Munch. 

C.  C.  Cogswell.  1st  Sergt.,  en.  October  28.  "61. 

dis.  for  disabl.  July  10,  "62.    Anthony  Gretheu, 

Q.    M.   Sergt..  en.   Xovember  11.   "61.   dis.   for 


ilisabl.  AugiLSt  5,  "62.  F.  L.  Ilaywood,  Sergt., 
eu.  October  28,  "61,  re-en.  pro.  2d  Lieut.,  dis.  with 
battery.  X.  K.  Hanks.  Corp..  en.  October  28.  "61. 
died  June  19.  "62.  at  Corinth.  Miss.  C.  S.  Da\-is. 
Corp..  en.  Xovember  11.  "61.  died  by  wds.  rec'd. 
in  battle.  April  27.  "63.  Henry  Rippe.  Bugler, 
en.  October  9.  "61,  destd.  January  11.  "62.  at  St. 
Louis.  Peter  Germain.  Artificer,  en.  October  21, 
"61.  dis.  March  1,  62,  ^mustered  WTong).  John 
BofEerding.  Artificer,  en.  October  25,  "61.  dis. 
March  1.  "62,  (mustered  wrong).  C.  I).  Brown. 
Artificer,  en,  October  28,  '61.  dis,  for  disabl. 
July  7,  62. 

Prirritcs — Adolph  Blitz,  en.  October  10,  "61, 
re,en.  December  1,  "63,  dis.  with  battery.  Jos. 
Coleman,  en.  Xovember  15,  "61,  re-en,  Decem- 
ber 1,  "63,  discharged  with  Ijattery.  .James 
Fall,  en.  October  28,  "61,  pro,  2d  Lieut,,  dis.  with 
battery.  Darwin  Gates,  en.  October  28.  "61 .  dis. 
for  disabl.  May  1.  "62.  Charles  Hasselmann.  en. 
October  29.  "61,  died  Julv  8,  "62,  at  St,  Louis, 

I  Renselaer  Xevers,  en.  October  28,  "61,  re-en. 
January  1,  "64,  dis,  with  battery,    Charles  Pierce, 

i  en.  October  11,  "61,  dis.  for  disabl.  July  21.  "62. 

!  Royal  Pliunmer.  en.  October  30,  "61,  re-en.  Janii- 

I  ary  1,  "64,  dis.  with  battery.  Russell  Pease,  en. 
October  8,  '61,  destd.  Jidy  3,  "62.  apprehended 
April  21,  "64,  dis.  June  30.  "65.  Howard  Robin- 
son, en.  October  26,  "61,  dis.  for  disabl.  July  19, 
"62.    Joseph  Sparks,  en.  October  28,  '61,  dis,  for 

I  disabl.  "62.  Tracy  Wilson,  en.  August  16.  '63. 
dis.  with  battery. 

FIRST  BATTERY   LIGHT  ARTILLERY, 

organized  October  "61,  Ordered  to  St,  Louis, 
December  "61,  thence  to  Pittsburg  Landing  Feb- 
ruary '62,  Engaged  in  the  following  battles, 
marches,  sieges  and  skirmishes :  Shiloh,  April  5 
and  6,  "62,  siege  of  Cormth,  April  "62,  Corinth 
October  3  and  4,  "62.  Marched  from  Corhith  to 
Oxford,  Miss.,  and  thence  to  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Assigned  to  17th  Army  Coi-ps,  Xovemlier  "62. 
Veteranized  January  "64.  Ordered  to  Cairo.  111., 
thence  to  Iluntsville.  Ala.,  thence  to  Aekworth, 
Ga.  Battle  of  Kenesaw  ilountain.  Atlanta.  July 
22  and  28.  Sherman's  campaign  tteough  Georgia 
and  the  CaroUnas.  Discharged  at  Fort  Snelling 
June  30,  "65, 

SECOND  BATTERY  LIGHT  ARTILLERY. 

Wm.  A.  Ilotchkiss,  Capt..  en.  as  private,  com. 


SECOND  AND  THIRD  BATTERIES,  LIGHT  ARTILLERY. 


211 


Capt.  pro.  Brevet  Major  at  Stone  river,  Veteran- 
ized and  discliarged  with  battery,  September,  "65. 
Henry  W.  Harder,  1st  Sergt.  en.  December  7,  "61, 
pro.  2d  Lieut.  July  "62,  1st  Lieut.  January,  '64, 
dis.  witli  battery.  John  ^SlcCausland.  Com.  Sergt. 
en.  December  4,  "61,  died  January  22  "6o  at  Cliat- 
tanooga,  Tenn.  Hemy  "W.  Towle,  Corp.  en. 
December  21,  "61,  re-en.  March  21,  '64,  dis.  witli 
battery.  Wilber  Nickols,  Corp.  en.  October  30, 
'61,  dis.  for  disab.  Felnuary  lo,  '63.  Edward 
Rogers,  Artificer,,  en.  February  14,  "62,  dis.  for 
disab.  April  2,  "63.  John  T.  Arnell,  Artiflcer, 
en.  March  6,  "62,  re-en.  March  24,  "64.  dis.  for 
disab.  Fel)ruary  16,  "6.). 

Privates. — Xicliolas  Arn.  en.  January  6,  "62, 
dis.  for  disab.  October  31 .  "62.  Melchor  Blesi,  en. 
January  17,  "62,  died  December  6,  "62,  at  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.  Christopher  Blake,  en.  February 
12,  '62,  dis.  for  disab.  Octol)er  3,  "62.  Gustav 
Darcachy,  en.  January  20,  "62,  died  January  31, 
'63  in  the  field.  John  (iibson,  en.  January  28,  '62 
dis.  on  exp.  of  term  Marcli  28,  "6o.  Martin  Ilosli, 
en.  January  11,  '62,  re-en.  March  22,  "64.  dis. 
with  battery.  John  Kenueily.  en.  January  4,  "62 
dis.  for  disali.  April  21,  "63.  Jolm  L.  Kimball,  en. 
Jannary  25,  '62,  dis.  for  disab.  May  22,  '63.  Alden 
C.  Meed,  en.  December  9,  '61.  dis.  for  disab.  No- 
vember 15,  "62.  Geo.  F.  Murpliy,  en.  January 
16,  '62,  died  June  27,  "62  at  Camp  Clear  Creek, 
Miss.  John  Soper.  en.  December  12,  "61,  re-en. 
March  21,  "64,  dis.  with  battery.  John  C.  Stock- 
ton, en.  January  25,  "62,  died  '62  at  Tidva,  Miss. 
Peter  Streicher,  en.  Jannary  28,  "62.  died  Aug- 
ust 21,  '64  in  the  field.  Hilarious  Schmidt,  en. 
February  5,  '62,  dis.  for  disab.  January  3,  '63. 
John  B.  Talcott,  en.  December  12.  "61,  re-en. 
March  21,  "64,  pro.  Corp.  discharged  witli  battery. 
Mathew  Taisey,  en.  January  4,  "62,  dis.  for  disab. 
October  29,  "63.  Betluiel  Then,  en.  Febnuiry 
12,  '62,  died  July  30,  "62,  at  Keokuk.  la.  David 
Vanderen,  en.  October  28,  "62,  dis.  on  exp.  of 
term,  ^March  28,  '65.  Chas.  S.  Waldron,  en.  Jan- 
nary ID.  "62.  re-en.  March  22,64.  dis,  witli  battery. 

SECOND  BATTERY,  LIGHT  ARTILLERY, 

organized  December  "61,  and  commanded  by 
Captain  Hotehkiss.  April  '62,  reported  at  Saint 
Louis,  Mo.,  for  equipment.  Ordered  to  Corinth 
May  "62,  arriving  there  at  close  of  Shiloh  battle. 
Participated  in  siege  of  Corinth.    Marched  with 


division  commanded  by  Gen.  Jeff.  C.  Davis,  as 
re-enforcement  to  BuelFs  army  in  Tennessee. 
Battles  of  BuelFs  campaign  against  Bragg.  Per- 
i-yville,  October  8  and  9,  '62,  Lancaster,  October 
12,  '62.  Knob  Gap,  December  20,  '62.  Stone 
Eiver,  five  day's  battle,  commencing  December 
31,  '62.  During  this  battle  the  horses  of  the  bat- 
tery were  not  unhitched  excepting  for  water  at 
night.  Capt.  Hotehkiss  was  promoted  Brevet 
Major  by  general  field  order,  and  assigned  to 
duty  as  Chief  of  Artillery  of  General  Davis' 
Division,  with  a  command  of  three  batteries. 
Battle  of  Tullahoma.  Marched  in  pursuit 
of  enemy  towards  Kome,  Ga.,  via  Stephen- 
son, Ala.,  crossed  Tennessee  river  at  Caperton's 
Ferry,  marched  across  Sand  and  Racoon  Moun- 
tains and  reached  Lookout  Mountain  at  "N'alley 
Head.  Crossed  Lookout  Mountain  in  the  direc- 
tion of  Rome,  in  pursuit  of  the  enemy ;  returned 
and  descended  into  McLamore's  Cove.  En- 
gaged in  battle  of  Chickamauga  Septem- 
ber 19  and  20,  '63,  Mission  Ridge,  subsequent 
marches  and  skirmishes  to  Ringgold.  Marched 
with  Sherman  to  relief  of  Knoxville  September 
"63.  Spring  of  "64,  battles  of  Ringgold,  Tunnel 
Hill  and  Buzzard  "s  Roost.  Battery  veteranized 
March  '64.  Battle  of  Xashville  December  15  and 
16,  '64.  Stationed  at  Chattanooga  and  Philadel- 
phia, East  Tennessee.  Discliarged  at  Fort  Snel- 
ling  September  '65. 

THIRD    BATTERY    LIGHT    ARTILLERY. 

Recruits — John  E.  Brawley,  en.  February  24, 
'64,  dis.  with  battery.  David  X.  Carr,  en.  March 
30,  '64,  dis.  with  battery.  Samuel  H.  Clark,  en. 
March  31,  "64,  pro.  Corp.,  dis.  with  battery.  AVil- 
liani  H.  Garvey,  en.  February  29.  '64,  dis.  with 
battery.  Charles  Pratt,  en.  March  31,  "64,  dis. 
with  battery.  George  ^1.  Wright,  en.  March  31, 
"64,  dis.  with  liattery. 

Third  Battery  MinneSbta  Light  Artillery,  or- 
ganized February,  1863;  ordered  upon  Indian 
Expedition  of  1863 ;  participated  in  engagements 
with  Indians,  July  24,  26  and  28,  1863;  stationed 
at  frontier  posts  until  ]\Iay.  1864,  when  entered 
upon  Indian  Expedition  of  1864 ;  engaged  with 
Indians,  July  28  and  August,  1864  ;  upon  return 
of  expedition,  stationed  at  frontier  posts  until 
muster  out  of  battery,  February  27,  1866. 


212 


HISTORY  OF  HEyXEPIX  COUKTT. 


PvTClIFIELD. 


CHAPTEE  XXXVI. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION— EARLY  SETTLEMENT — 
CIVIL  HISTORY — SCHOOLS— CHURCHES — MILL- 
ING— SHOPS — STORES,— HOTELS BIOGRAPHI- 
CAL. 

This  township  is  situated  in  tlie  .soutli-eastern 
part  of  the  county,  and  borders  on  the  east  on 
lioth  the  Mississippi  and  Minnesota  Rivers.  The 
nortlieni  and  central  portions  of  the  town  are 
rolling,  and  the  southwestern  undulating.  The 
central  portion  of  the  town  is  traversed  by  the 
sandy  belt,  which  produces  copses  of  small  oaks 
and  aspens.  The  remainder  of  the  rolling  land 
is  well  tiuil)ered  with  elm,  bass,  maple,  etc.,  trees 
of  a  larger  growth.  The  south-eastern  part, 
bordering  on  the  Fort  Suelling  Reservation,  and 
extending  west  as  far  as  Wood  Lake,  is  a  beauti- 
ful prairie.  The  town  contains  nearly  thirty 
lakes,  many  of  them  t)f  great  beauty.  Most 
prominent  among  them,  for  size  and  scenery,  are 
Amelia  and  Wood  Lakes.  Aside  from  the  Mis- 
sissippi and  Minnesota  Rivers  on  the  east,  there 
are  two  beautiful  streams.  Miiuiehaha  and  Xiiie 
Mile  creeks  which  flow  through  the  town.  ^Nliune- 
haha  Creek,  taking  its  rise  in  Lake  Minnetoiika, 
flows  easterly  througli  the  towns  of  Minnetonka. 
Minneapolis,  and  RichheUl  receiving  the  triliutary 
waters  of  lakes  Jilother,  Amelia  and  Rice,  thence 
south-easterly,  tumbling  all  its  laughing  waters 
over  a  precipice,  forming  ilinnehalia  Falls,  and 
flows  into  the  Mississippi  River,  above  Fort 
Suelling.  These  waters,  but  especially  Minne- 
haha Creek,  are  very  beautiful,  and  a  great 
attraction  to  tourists.  Xine  Mile  Creek  flows 
across  the  south-western  part  of  the  town  into 
the  Minnesota. 

The  Nortliern  Boundary  of  the  township  was 
originally  two  miles  north  of  the  present  line, 
running  in  a  straight  line  from  Minnetonka  to 
the  Mississippi.     This  line  was  altered  by  act  of 


legislature  in  1867-8.  A  narrow  strip  was  taken 
from  its  entire  northern  l)oundary  and  attached 
to  the  township  of  Minneapolis.  It  was  two  miles 
wide  at  the  west  and  so  continued  until  it  inter- 
sected Minnehaha  Creek  at  the  outlet  of  Rice 
Lake,  and  followed  the  course  of  that  stream  to 
its  junction  with  the  Mississippi. 

On  the  east,  the  Military  Reservation,  by 
its  original  boundaries,  included  more  than 
half  of  this  township.  The  dividing  line  ex- 
tended west  of  Lake  Harriet.  By  the  lirst  re- 
duction, Xovember,  1853,  the  lines  were  so  con- 
tracted that  the  western  line  passed  through  lakes 
^lother  and  Amelia.  It  includes  liy  its  present 
boundaries  only  about  one  thousand  acres,  and 
allows  tlie  town  several  miles  on  the  great  rivers. 

EARLY    SETTLEMENT. 

In  consequence  of  its  intimate  relations  to  the 
fort  and  its  once  forinmg  part  of  the  reservation, 
the  history  of  Richfield  must  begin  from  the  ear- 
liest records  of  explorers,  before  the  settlement  of 
the  state.  We  refer  to  previous  chapters  in  the 
work  for  this  part  of  the  history,  simply  remind- 
ing the  reader  here,  that  a  few  of  the  Swiss  set- 
tlers, from  the  Hudson  15ay  territory  of  Lord 
Selkirk,  under  the  leadership  of  Louis  Massey. 
settled  here  in  June,  1827,  but  were  forcibly  re- 
moved Ijy  orders  from  the  government.  Xo  relic 
now  indicates  their  occupancy.  The  leader  of 
the  party,  Louis  Massey,  is  still  living  at  Hudson, 
AVisconsin,  at  an  advanced  age.  The  first  claim 
in  the  towii  was  that  made  on  Minnehaha  Creek 
by  Hon.  J.  R.  Brown.  Louis  Godfrey  was  the 
first  settler  after  the  territorial  organization.  He 
was  a  Frenchman  and  his  wife  a  Chippewa. 
He  lived  on  section  five,  where  widow  Darcy  now 
resides.  During  the  Sioux  massacre  he  fled  to 
Mendota,  and  died  there  in  1878.  The  date  of 
his  settlement  is  uncertain,  but  it  is  known  to 
have  been  jirior  to  1S.")2.     Samuel  Stough  made  a 


BICHFIELD-CIVIL  HISTORY. 


213 


claim  in  1852,  and  resided  here  until  his  death, 
iu  1875.  William  Finch  settled  here  in  1853,  and 
in  1878  removed  to  California.  lie  lived  where 
Mr.  Place  now  resides.  James  A.  Dunsmoor 
settled  in  1853,  removed  to  California,  and  died  in 
187t.  Philander  Prescott.  who  has  been  men- 
tioned as  arriving  at  Fort  8nelling  in  1819,  and  as 
Indian  farmer  in  1830.  settled  in  Ilichlield,  near 
where  the  Richtield  Mills  now  are,  about  1852. 
He  was  interested  in  the  buildintr  of  the  mills, 
and  prominent  in  pul)lic  affairs  until  his  death, 
lie  was  killed,  in  the  massacre  of  1862,  by  Little 
Six  and  Medicine  Bottle.  He  was  running  his 
horse  for  life,  hoping  to  reach  Fort  Ridgely.  The 
murderers  were  afterwards  hung. 

Many  other  settlers  arrived  in  1853.  C.  W. 
Harris,  who  died  m  1868  at  Minneapolis  ;  Henry 
Townsend  and  his  two  sons,  Henry  and  Kobert ; 
^Mr.  Draper,  John  McCabe,  ^Ir.  IJuggan,  and 
others.  From  this  date  on,  settlers  arrived  very 
rapidly,  imtil  now  it  is  one  of  the  most  populous 
and  prosperous  towns  in  the  county.  The  pres- 
ent population  is  1505.  The  town  has  22,988 
acres  of  land.  The  assessed  valuation  of  the 
same  for  the  year  1869,  was  $15().10-1;  1875, 
$532,530;  1880,  8702,670.  Personal  property, 
1869,  S49,336;  187o,  §98,329  ;  1880,  §119,614. 
Total  taxes  in  1869,  53,988,-  1875,88,497;  1880, 
87,818,  Horses  over  two  years  old,  1869,  333  ; 
1875,  491  ;  1880,  493.  Cattle  over  two  years  old, 
1869,  655  ;  1875,  856  ;  1880,  790.  Sheep,  1869. 
493;  1875,  851;  1880,  1816.  Hogs,  1869,  184; 
1875,  255;  1880.  646.  Bushels  of  wheat,  1869. 
49.124;  1875,  43,425  ;  1880,  Acreage.  5.698. 

CIVIL    HISTORY. 

The  annual  Town  meetings  were  held  at  the 
school  house,  near  Kichlield  Mills,  until  1874. 
A.  Keith  was  moderator  at  the  first  meeting  iield 
May  11th,  "58.  with  Alonzo  Sawtelle.  Clerk.  In  the 
first  call  for  a  meeting  tlie  name  of  ■•Richland"  did 
not  seem  to  please  the  people,  and  the  first  vote 
taken  was  for  the  new  name  of  Richfield.  The 
Post  Office  had  been  called  Harmony  until  Rich- 
field was  adopted.  The  Supervisors  elected  were 
Joel  Brewster  Chairman,  Richard  Strout.  and 
Jesse  Richardson  ;  Town  Clerk.  Alonzo  Sawtelle  ; 
Assessor,  George  Odell :  f)verseer  of  the  Poor. 
James  A.  Dunsmoor;  Justices,  R.  L.  Rar- 
tholomew.  Geo.  W.  Irwin ;  Constables,  Geo.  "W. 


Townsend  and  Wm.  R.  Moffatt ;  Collector,  Geo. 
W.  Townsend  ;  Overseer  of  Roads.  A.  Keith.  The 
first  Supervisors  meeting  was  held  June  3, 1858, 
and  the  town  divided  into  road  districts.  June 
14th,  1858,  8400  was  voted  for  town  expenses. 
September  30th,  1858,  Wm.  Finch  elected  county 
Supervisor.  April  5th,  1859.  voted  8100  for 
town  expenses.  Supervisors  elected,  Geo.  Odell, 
C.  I.  W.  Maynard,  W.  W.  Woodward.  April  3, 
1860,  voted  $400  for  town  expenses  and  author- 
ized the  building  of  Pounds.  Supervisors,  Geo . 
Odell,  G.  W.  Irwin.  J.  N.  Richardson. 

April  2,  1861,  voted  §150  for  town  expenses 
and  8600  for  schools.  Supervisors,  Geo.  Odell, 
R.  R.  Bryant,  T.  AV.  Peirce.  W.  W.  Woodward 
appointed  Superintendent  of  Scliools. 

April  1, 1862,  levied  l",  mills  perdollarfor  town 
expenses.  Supervisors,  Geo.  Odell.  VC .  W.  ^Vood- 
ward,  R.  Robinson. 

April  7,  1863,  levied  2i  mills  per  dollar  for 
town  expenses.  Supervisors,  W.  W.  Woodward, 
A.  H.  Baston,  G.  AV.  Brown. 
January  30th,  1864,  call  for  a  special  meeting, 
which  was  held  February  loth,  and  by  a  vote  of 
64  to  59  raised  $8000  to  pay  soldiers'  bounties 
and  that  each  one  should  receive  8150,  but  at 
a  special  meeting  Jilarch  23,  the  amount  was 
reduced  to  8125. 

April  5th.  1864.  levied  Umills  for  town  expenses, 
and  16  mills  to  pay  interest  on  bounty  bonds,  and 
raised  the  per  diem  of  town  officers  from  81,00 
to  81,50.  Supervisors,  A.  II.  Baston.  G.  W. 
Townsend,  W.  G.  Moffatt. 

August  9th,  measures  were  taken  to  respond  to 
the  President's  call  for  500,000  men. 

January  2Sth,  1865,  it  was  voted  to  take  no 
action  in  response  to  the  Presidents'  call  for  300- 
000  men. 

February  8th.  voted  to  raise,  not  to  exceed 
88,000.  for  soldier's  binuities.  and  authorized  the 
Supervisors  to  issue  town  bonds  for  that  purpose. 

April  4,  1865.  levied  one  mill  per  dollar  for 
town  expenses  and  three  cents  per  dollar  to  apply 
on  town  bonds.  Supervisors.  A.  II.  Baston,  G.  W. 
Townsend,  E.  Groesbeck. 

April  3,  1866,  levied  one  mill  per  dollar  for 
town  expenses,  and  three  cents  for  Bounty  bonds, 
and  to  remit  county  tax  of  all  soldiers  who  did 
not  receive  a  local  bounty.  Supervisors,  G.  W. 
Townsend,  E.  J.  Woodward,  E.  Groesbeck. 


214 


HISTOBY  OF  HEXNEPiy  COVyTY. 


April  2, 1867,  raised  the  salary  of  town  officers 
50  per  cent  above  the  sum  fixed  Viy  statute,  for  as- 
certaining the  names  of  all  the  soldiei-s  credited  to 
the  town  who  had  not  received  bounties  and  to  pay 
them  SlOO  each,  and  to  pay  a  like  sum  to  Wm. 
tiarvey.  W.  Wilson,  E.  F.  Hall.  Kieliard  Xeill 
and  John  Dague,  they  having  enlisted  prior  to 
any  provision  for  bounties.  One  mill  per  dollar 
levied  for  town  and  road  ex|)enses.     Supervisors 

D.  "\V.  Albaugh.  J.  A.  Bull.  J.  X.  Richardson. 
July  11.  S2.00()  town  bonds  were  issued  to  jiay 

for  damages  on  bridges,  and  make  other  repairs 
occasioned  by  a  lieavy  freshet. 

April  7.  1868.  IJ  per  cent  was  levied  for  town 
and  road  expenses.  Supervisore.  J.  N.  Richard- 
son. J.  A.  Bull.  R.  Townsend. 

April  6.  1869.  levied  3  mills  per  dollar  for  town 
expenses  :  voted  that  Frank  M.  Thornton,  an  ex- 
soldier,  be  paid  SIOO.  he  having  received  no  local 
bounty.  Supervisoi-s.  J.  A.  Bull.  Aaron  Hoover, 
Horace  Wilson. 

April  5,  1870.  three  mills  per  dollar  was  levied 
for  town  expenses.  Supervisoi-s.  C.  H.  Clark. 
Aaron  Hoover,  E.  F.  Irwin. 

March  U.  1871.  elected  C.  H.  Clark.  E.  F. 
Irwiu  and  Aaron  Hoover.  Supervisors.  Xo 
tax  for  town  expenses. 

ilarch  12.  1872,  le\ied  3  mills  per  dollar  for 
town  e.xpenses.  A  majority  vote  against  grant- 
ing a  liquor  license.     Supervisors.  C.  II.  Clark. 

E.  F.  Irwiu.  B.  P.  Schuler. 

March  11.  1873.  voted  o  mills  per  dollar  for 
town  and  road  expenses.  Supervisors.  E.  F. 
Irwin.  J.  H.  Bull.  Michael  Gleeson. 

March  10. 1874.  This,  and  all  other  meetings 
were  held  in  Richardson's  Hall,  luitil  1880. 
Supervisors.  C.  H.  Clark.  Michael  Gleeson.  James 
L.  Garvey.  Levied  four  mills  for  town  and  road 
expenses.  It  not  being  enough,  a  special  meeting 
was  called  September  1st.  and  S72o  raised  for 
town  and  road  fund. 

March  H.  187-5.  Supervisoi-s.  C.  II.  Clark.  Jas. 
L.  (iarvey.  Voted  to  grant  license.  63  to  o2. 
Raised  S2.000  for  all  town  expenses.  The  statute 
of  limitation  being  two  mills  on  the  assessed 
valuation,  the  amount  raised  ilid  not  reach  that 

sum. 

March  14.  1876.  raised  the  per  diem  of  town 
officei-s  to  two  dollai-s.    Sixty  votes  cast  against 

liq\ior  lii-ense    with    none  for  it.     Supervisoi-s. 


B.  F.  Hanscom.  Stephen  L.  "Witbeck,  John  Craik. 
At  a  special  meeting  59  votes  were  cast  for,  and 
18  against  paying  the  State  R.  R.  Bonds  by  selling 
the  internal  improvement  lands. 

March  12.  1878.  levied  one  mill  per  dollar  for 
the  erection  of  a  Town  Hall.  Supervisors,  Wm. 
Finch,  Thos.  Richardson,  Chas.  Hohag. 

March  11.  1879,  levied  2.}  mills  for  building 
Town  Hall,  care  of  poor  and  town  expenses. 
Supervisors.  E.  F.  Irwin.  James  Garvey,  Chas. 
A.  Hohag.  The  Town  Hall  was  completed  this 
year. 

March  9,  1880.  levied  2|  mills  for  all  town  ex- 
penses. Supervisors,  E.  F.  Irwin.  Jas.  L.  Gar- 
vey, Chas.  A.  Hohag. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  in  the  town  was  taught,  during 
the  winter  of  1854-5,  by  Miss  Mary  Townsend. 
in  a  log  school  house.  It  was  built  near  Wood 
Lake,  by  five  men.  R.  L.  Bartholomew.  C. 
Gregory.  George  Gilmore.  C.  Couillard  and 
William  Finch.  Miss  Townsend  afterwards  mar- 
ried Mr.  Getchell.  and  resides  in  Los  Angeles. 
California.  Miss  Craik.  now  Mrs.  Frank  Hans- 
comb,  of  Minneapolis,  taught,  in  the  summer  of 
1855.  in  a  school  house  near  Richfield  Mills.  This 
school  house  became  a  residence,  and  is  now  oc- 
cupied by  Mr.  Schafner. 

There  are  now  six  full  and  one  joint  districts 
in  town,  with  seven  school  houses.  District  Xo. 
11.  house  built  in  1859.  on  section  28:  District 
X'o.  17.  house  moved  on  section  18.  1871  :  District 
Xo.  16,  house  built  on  section  8  in  1872 ;  District 
X'o.  6.  house  built  in  1875  :  District  Xo.  8.  house 
built  on  section  14  in  1872:  District  Xo.  109, 
house  built  in  section  25,  in  1875.  District  Xo. 
88  is  a  joint  district,  lying  in  Richfield  and  Bloom- 
ington  townships :  house  built  on  section  35.  in 
1860. 

CHURCHES. 

The  town  has  four  church  organizations :  ileth- 
odist  Episcopal.  Baptist.  Episcopal  and  Catholic. 

The  Methodist  denomination  began  its  existence 
under  the  guidance  of  Rev.  Mills,  who  held  the 
first  services  in  a  granary,  owned  by  Henry 
Townsend.  Services  were  next  held  in  the  school 
house  near  Wood  Lake,  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
south  of  where  the  Baptist  church  now  stands. 
It  was  called   ••  Harmony  Mission"   until  1864, 


BIGHFIELD—CHimCHES-MIhLING. 


215 


when  it  was  included  in  the  "  ^Minneapolis  Cir- 
cuit." In  the  fall  of  LS60,  a  change  was  made, 
and  a  new  circuit  formed,  consisting  of  appoint- 
ments at  Excelsior,  Eden  Prairie,  Chanhassen, 
and  Harmony,  or  Wood  Lake,  as  it  was  some- 
times called.  In  1869.  the  neat  W'ooden  church 
was  built  on  section  22.  A  parsonage  and  ceme- 
tery were  also  located  on  tlie  church  grounds. 

The  cemetery  is  neatl\'  kept  and  beautifully  or- 
namented with  evergreen  and  forest  trees.  The 
followuig  clergymen  have  succeeded  each  other 
in  the  charge  :  Revs.  Mills.  .lohn  Hooper,  Elliott, 
George  Galpin.  Levi  Gleason,  .J.  D.  Rich.  U.  W. 
Berlin,  John  Stafford,  C.  T.  Garvin.  ^V.  D.  Ben- 
nett. J.  H.  Macomber, Farber,  F.  II.  Tubbs. 

Henry  Brooks,  and  J.  M.  Marsh. 

THE  FIRST  BAPTIST  cnL'UCH 

of  Riclitield  was  organized  by  Rev.  Amory  Gale, 
and  began  its  existence  by  meetings  in  tlie  school- 
house  near  Richfield  Mills,  where  Mr.  Schafner 
now  lives.  The  ehurcli,  cajiable  of  seating  two 
hundred  people,  was  built  in  1869.  Rev.  J.  R. 
Mauton  has  been  pastor  since.  He  was  born  in 
Providence,  Rhode  Island,  September  2sth,  1821, 
graduated  at  Brown  University,  in  his  native  city, 
in  18-18.  and  tirst  engaged  in  the  ministry  at  Glou- 
cester, Mass.  Three  years  after  he  removed  to 
Tennessee,  and  labored  there  until  1857.  He 
then  returned  north  and  had  charge  of  a  church 
at  Quincy,  Illinois,  until  1860,  when  he  came  to 
Minneapolis  and  was  pastor  of  the  "  First 
Baptist  Church"  of  that  city  until  1864.  He 
then  went  to  St.  Joseph,  Missouri,  ami  remained 
until  1868,  when  he  retin'iied  to  Minnesota  on 
account  of  ill  health,  and  has  since  been  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Richtield.  He  owns  a  small 
farm  and  has  a  very  pleasant  home  on  tlie  banks 
of  Wood  Lake. 

EPISCOPAL— TRINITY    CHAPEL. 

In  March,  1869,  Rev.  Knickerbacker  began 
holding  services,  assisted  by  S.  B.  Cowdrey  as  lay 
reader,  in  the  school-house  of  district  17.  As  a 
result  of  those  services,  a  churdi  building  was 
commenced  May  20th.  1872.  on  an  acre  lot 
donated  by  James  A.  Bull.  The  opening  ser- 
vices were  held  August  11th.  1872,  by  Rev. 
McMasters  and  Rev.  Knickerbacker.  The 
church  was  dedicated  as  Trinity  Chapel  by 
Bishop   Whipple,    September  12th,  same    year. 


The  congregation  numbered  about  twenty-five 
families — the  Sabbath-school  forty-two  chil- 
dren. The  latter  has  been  held  regularly  from 
1869.  The  Brotherhood  of  Gethsemane  had 
charge  of  the  church  until  1877,  since  which 
time  Rev.  Cliarles  Rollit  has  been  in  charge. 
Services  are  now  held  once  eacli  moutli. 

CATHOLIC— ST.   valentine's  CHURCH. 

This  is  a  Catholic  Mission  Cliurcli  and  is  located 
on  the  soutli  line  of  the  town  on  section  34.  It  is 
imder  the  auspices  of  St.  Joseph's  Church,  O. 
S.  B.  of  Minneapolis  and  is  visited  twice  a  month 
by  Father  Salzeder  or  Ids  assistant.  The  church 
was  built  in  1874.  and  is  about  28x70  feet. 

MINNEHAHA   CiRANGE.   NO.   398. 

This  society  was  organized  in  1874,  by  Deputy 
Chowen  of  Minnetonka.  There  were  twenty-four 
charter  members.  The  tirst  Master  was  J.  A.  Bull 
and  the  first  Secretary.  Joseph  Hamilton  who  is 
now  master.  The  regular  meetings  are  held  once 
a  month  during  summer  and  once  in  two  weeks  in 
the  winter.  A  fine  hall  was  erected  in  the  win- 
ter of  1879  and  '80,  near  the  Waterville  :Mills. 
It  is  26x50  feet,  with  fourteen  feet  ceiling,  and  is 
used  for  meetings  of  tlie  Grange,  lyceums, 
festivals,  parties  and  for  instructive  and  enter- 
taining occasions. 

MILLING. 

The  only  manufacturing  establislmients  are  the 
Flouring  Mills.  Tliese  are  the  '■Richfield  Mills" 
and  the  "Edina  Mills."  The  former  w'as  built 
in  1854,  by  Pliilander  Prescott,  Judge  Mofifatt 
and  Eli  Pettijohn.  The  whole  property  soon 
came  into  the  possession  of  Mr.  Prescott.  and  he 
remained  sole  owner  until  his  tragic  death  in 
1862.  It  is  situated  on  Minnehaha  Creek,  at  the 
crossing  of  tlie  Bloom iiigton  road.  The  property 
has  passed  through  the  hands  of  various  owners 
to  the  present  proprietors,  Pratt  &  Baird.  The 
mill  is  now  operated  by  "W.  J.  Baird  &  Co.  It  is 
a  turbine  wheel  mill  with  four  runs  of  stone  and 
a  capacity  of  twenty  barrels  in  ten  hours. 

EDIN.V   MILLS. 

This  is  commonly  called  the  "Waterville  Mill," 
and  is  situated  on  section  eighteen.  It  was  built 
in  1857.  The  present  owners,  Andrew  and 
John  Craik  took  the  property  about  1869, 
and    added     two     runs    of    stone    and    other 


216 


HISTORY  OF  HEXNEPiy  COUXTY. 


improvements.  The  company  manufacture  oat 
meal  and  pearl  barley.  They  are  at  pres- 
ent the  only  manufacturers  of  these  articles  in 
the  county.  These  Mills  are  both  located  on 
Minnehaha  Creek  and  derive  their  power  from 
that  stream.  The  Creek  at  the  Edma  Mills  has 
a  fall  of  tifteen  feet,  affording  a  valuable  power. 
This  mill  has  three  turbine  wheels,  two  of  thirty 
inches  in  diameter,  and  one  of  thirty-six  inches 
furnishing-  a  fifty  horse  power. 

SHOPS. 

Thomas  Page  has  a  blacksmitli  shop  on  section 
twenty-two.  William  Ewing  has  a  carriage  and 
blacksmith  shop  combined,  near  the  Edina  Mills. 

STOKES. 

John  S.  Mann  opened  the  tirst  store  in  the 
town.  This  was  a  small  concern  located  near 
Prescotfs  Mill,  opened  at  the  first  settlement  of 
the  town.  Mr.  Maun,  however,  failed  in  business. 
and  Mr.  Prescott  kept  a  store  for  several  years. 
Only  one  store  remains  to  be  named,  that  on  the 
hill  near  the  mill,  kept  by  J.  N'.  l^ichardson. 
Irv'in  Dimsmoor  opened  it  in  1859.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Dimsmoor  Bros.,  and  they,  by  Mr. 
Eichardson.  in  1S72.  This  is  a  well-stocked 
eomitry  store. 

HOTKLS. 

Miunehalia  Hotel  is  a  popular  summer  resort 
at  Minnehaha  Falls,  kept  by  J.  £.  Booth.  The 
house  is  quite  large  and  the  rooms  well  furnished. 
It  accommodates  fifty  guests  comfortably.  The 
bams,  sheds  and  out-buildings  are  ample.  It  is 
at  present  under  good  management.  It  is  a  part 
of  the  estate  of  the  late  Franklin  Steele,  obtained 
by  him  under  his  purchase  of  the  Military  Reser- 
vation, in  1S57. 

The  house  was  begiui  in  1873.  by  Mr.  Shaw. 
'\\Tien  he  abandoned  it.  Mr.  Steele  carried  out 
the  plan  and  completed  the  work.  The  pretty 
new  Minnehaha  depot  on  the  Milwaukee  and  St. 
Paul  Railroad  is  located  just  opposite  the  hotel,  to 
accommodate  its  guests  and  visitors  to  the  falls. 

Minnehaha  Spring  Hotel.  This  house  is  about 
eighty  rods  lielow  the  dei)ot.  Its  noticeable  fea- 
tures are  a  fine  dancing  hall  and  large  stables. 
Isidore  Henry  is  the  proprietor. 

The  Town  Hall  was  l)uilt  in  1879.  It  is  about 
eighty  rods  north  of  the  Baptist  Church.    The 


building  cost  SloOO.  It  is  32x4-5  feet  on  the 
groimd.  In  frout  of  the  audience  room  is  an 
entrance  hall  and  cloak  room,  -with  a  large  and 
convenient  gallery.  In  the  rear  are  two  rooms 
sixteen  feet  square,  used  for  public  busmess. 

Pleasure  Garden  and  Green  House.  J.  E.  Booth, 
who  has  lieen  previously  mentioned  as  proprietor 
of  the  Minnehaha  House,  has  established  a  green- 
house near  the  hotel.  He  bought  and  inclosed 
three  acres  of  land  here  in  1877.  He  has  since 
laid  it  out  tastefully  with  walks,  arbors,  etc..  etc. 
Flowers  and  plants  fringe  the  walks  on  every 
side.  It  is  called  the  best  landscape  garden  in  the 
State.  .V  drive-way.  starting  from  the  main  en- 
trance, follows  around  near  the  sides  in  a  circu- 
lar form.  The  plat  inclosed  by  the  road-way  is 
cultivated  with  beautiful  flowers  and  foUage 
plants  in  beds,  with  serpentine  walks.  In  this 
inclosure  is  a  hu'ge  arbor  with  seats  and  a  booth, 
where  refreshments  maybe  obtained.  The  space 
outside  the  drive  is  also  laid  out  with  handsome 
plants.  Opposite  the  entrance  and  outside  the 
inclosure  are  the  private  residence  and  green- 
house. 

Xursery.  In  the  north  middle  of  the  town,  on 
section  sixteen.  Mr.  A.  Stewart  has  a  nursery, 
principally  devoted  to  tree-culture. 

nioOHAPHICAL. 

George  W.  Baird.  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
born  April  16th.  1835.  In  1857  lie  removed  to 
Minnesota  and  purchased  the  farm  of  120  acres 
which  he  now  occupies,  located  on  section  18. 
lu  the  spring  of  1860  he  imported  the  first  Spanish 
Merino  sheep  brought  into  the  State.  He  sold 
the  first  fleece  of  tine  wool  in  Mimieapolis  receiv- 
ing 95  cents  per  pound  for  the  same.  He  is  at 
present  giving  his  whole  attention  to  tine  Cots- 
wold  and  Lincoln  grades,  and  received  first  prizes 
at  the  Minneapolis  Exposition  of  1880.  He  was 
married  October  11th.  1865,  to  Miss  Sarah  (i. 
Gates,  a  native  of  Vermont. 

John  E.  Booth  was  born  in  Huddersfield.  York- 
shire, England.  May  12th.  1832.  He  reniamed 
in  England,  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  fancy 
woolen  goods,  until  18-54.  when  he  came  to  the 
United  States  and  located  in  Xew  .Jersey.  He 
remained  in  that  State  about  six  months  and 
removed  io  Albany.  X.  Y.  Thence,  in  March, 
1855.  to   Brooklvn.  and  from  there  to  Toronto. 


BICHFIELD— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


21'i 


Canada.  lu  1856  he  removed  to  Bonton,  thence 
to  Pliiladelphia  where  he  was  married  to  Mary 
Beaumont,  who  died  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year. 

In  1858,  his  health  failing,  he  returned  to 
England,  where  he  was  engaged  as  tlorist  for 
eleven  years.  In  1859  he  was  married  to  Mary 
Morrell,  and  in  1870  he  returned  to  America,  and 
came  directly  to  Minneapolis,  engaging  as  Uorist 
and  gardener  for  Wyman  Elliott.  After  remain- 
ing with  him  eighteen  months,  he  leased  the 
grounds  and  hot  houses  for  live  years  and  carried 
on  the  business  for  himself.  In  1877  he  pur- 
chased three  acres  of  groLuid  at  Minnehaha, 
which  he  laid  out  and  impnned  as  a  landscape 
garden.  This  garden  is  valued  at  $10,000.  In 
1880  he  leased  the  Minnehaha  hotel  and  grounds, 
and  is  now  conducting  the  same.  The  children 
are,  Herbert  M..  Annie  J..  Frederic  E..  and 
Arthur  C. 

James  A.  Bull,  was  born  in  -Jellersnu  county. 
New  York.  February.  1834.  He  remained  there 
with  his  parents,  until  1859  when  he  came  to  Min- 
nesota, and  settled  on  the  farm  he  now  occupies. 
He  owns  158  acres  of  fertile  land  and  has  im- 
proved it,  until  it  now  ranks  among  the  best 
farms  in  this  towii.  Mr.  Bull  was  married  in 
1856,  to  Mary  E.  Comstock.  who  bore  him  one 
child,  Mary  L.  Mrs.  Bull  died  in  the  winter  of 
1865.  He  was  married  again  in  '67,  to  Miss  Amy 
L.  Cooper ;  has  four  children.  James  H.  Alvah  M. 
Coates  P.  and  Anna  B. 

Frederick  Bush,  was  born  in  Stockliausen, 
Prussia,  December  12th.  18-19.  He  remained  in 
his  native  country  until  18(39  when  he  emigrated 
to  America.  He  came  to  Minnesota,  and  settled 
in  Bichfleld.  Hennepin  county,  December,  1869, 
owns  15  acres  on  section  15,  Townslnp2S,  Kange 
24,  where  he  has  a  jileasant  home. 

John  Carey,  is  the  owner  of  93!|  acres  of 
land  on  sections  8  and  9,  Richfield  Township.  45 
acres  being  under  cultivation.  He  was  born  in 
Tipperary,  Ireland,  June  14,  1826,  and  remained 
there  until  nearly  20  years  of  age,  when  he  came 
to  America.  Ilesided  in  Xew  Jersey  one  \ear. 
thence  removing  to  Maryland,  where  he  remained 
until  1855,when  he  came  to  Minnesota  and  pur- 
chased the  farm  he  has  since  occui)ied.  Was 
married  to  Ann  Regan,  a  native  of  Ireland,  in 
1854.      Tliey  have  had  twelve  children,  ten  now 


living.    Lizzie.  .James,    Mary,    Maggie,    John, 
Xora,  Jeremiah,  William,   Patrick,  Agnes. 

C.  C.  Chase  was  born  iji  Ilaverlull,  Mass.,  May 
16tli,  1844.  Resided  in  his  native  State  until 
1874,  when  he  came  to  Hennepin  county,  pur- 
ceased  twenty  acres  of  land  on  section  15,  town 
of  Richfield,  where  he  conducts  a  market  garden. 
Mr.  Chase  is  a  practical  gardener,  and  has  been 
quite  successful  in  the  business. 

George  Code  owns  200  acres  of  land,  of  which 
fifty  acres  are  cultivated,  the  balance  meadow 
and  woodland.  He  was  born  in  Carlow  county, 
Ireland,  October  29th,  1824.  Was  engaged  in 
farming  in  his  native  country  until  1849,  when 
he  emigrated  to  Canada,  locating  at  Ottawa, 
where  he  engaged  in  farming  and  lumbering  for 
seven  years.  In  1856  he  came  to  the  United 
States,  coming  directly  to  Minneapolis,  where  he 
resided  until  1863.  when  he  purchased  the  land 
he  now  owns  in  Richfield,  and  has  since  been  en- 
gaged in  farming.  Was  married  October  27th, 
1859,  to  Grace  Watt,  a  native  of  Ontario,  Canada. 
She  was  born  May  15th,  1836.  They  are  the  par- 
ents of  six  children:  Robert  F..  George  A..  Mary. 
AV'iliiam.  Elizaljeth,  and  Joseph  W. 

Mary  Copley  is  the  owner  of  eighty-t\\  o  acres 
of  land,  forty  acres  under  cultivation.  AVas  born 
in  Ireland,  March  21st.  1837.  Remained  in  her 
native  country  until  1860,  when  she  came  to  Xew 
York  City,  and  thence  to  Boston,  where  she  re- 
mained three  years.  In  1H63,  removed  to  St.  Paul, 
where  she  resided  uidil  1868,  when  she  married 
Mr.  Copley,  and  has  since  resided  on  the  farm  she 
now  occupies. 

Cornelius  Couillard.  one  of  the  old  settlers  of 
Richfield,  was  born  at  Frankfort.  Maine,  October 
31st,  1813.  At  the  age  of  seventeen,  learned  the 
trade  of  tamier  and  currier,  following  it  eight 
years ;  then  worked  in  a  ship  yard.  In  April.  1854. 
came  to  St.  Anthony,  and  engaged  in  carpenter 
work,  and  on  the  old  suspension  bridge.  In 
August,  1854.  he  made  a  claim  of  160  acres,  in 
Richfield  ;  1855,  removed  with  his  family,  and 
has  since  resided  there.  The  whole  quarter  sec- 
tion has  been  brought  under  cultivation.  He  was 
Married.  Sept.  11th.  1834.  to  Xancy  J.  Couillard, 
of  Maine,  who  died  October  6th,  1875.  They  had 
nine  children  :  Ellen  M.,  EUery  A..  Amanda  M. 
died  August,  1839  ;  ^Vimie  A.,  died  August  17th, 


218 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


1877  ;  Malonah.  died  Maicli.  1S49  :  Adelhert  H.. 
Emma  I)..  Charles  A..  Fred.  L. 

George  AV.  Cummiugs.  a  native  of  Maine,  was 
born  April  Mtli.  18-53.  Engaged  in  farming  nntil 
18(;7.  when  he  came  with  his  jiarents  to  Bloom- 
ington.  Hennepin  eonnty.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
one,  he  embarked  in  dairy  bnsiness.  In  1878  he 
bought  the  land  he  now  occupies.  His  dairy 
business  has  been  (juite  successful.  Was  married 
to  Miss  Alice  tiilchrist.  Dec.  2.5th.  187-5.  They 
have  three  children:  Arthur  A..  George  H..  and 
Ruth  W. 

William  J.  Duggan  is  tiie  owner  of  -io  acres 
of  land.  1311  is  plow  laud,  the  balance  woodland 
and  pasture.  He  was  born  in  Tipperary ,  Ireland. 
hi  1838;  came  to  America,  with  his  parents,  in 
1847.  residing  in  Illinois  until  1853.  wlien  he  came 
to  nennejiin  county,  and  has  since  resided  on  the 
farm  he  now  occupies.  This  farm  was  pre-empt- 
ed by  his  father  in  1853.  In  ]8tji;  he  was  one  of 
Capt.  Xorthup's  company  who  went  to  the  relief 
of  Fort  Ridgely.  Was  married  January  21st. 
1871.  to  Cordelia  Kyte.  by  whom  he  has  four  chil- 
dren; Mary.  Katie.  Maggie.  John. 

William  M.  E wing  was  born  in  Canada  in  hsUi. 
Learned  the  trade  of  wagon  maker,  and  served 
the  government  during  the  rebellion  in  Canada. 
In  1848.  removed  to  Xew  York :  remained  one 
year  ;  thence  to  Michigan.  In  18-51  he  came  to 
Minnesota,  assisted  in  tlie  survey  of  Maple  (irove 
township,  and  in  naming  it.  In  1.S57  he  removed 
to  Osseo.  and  was  tlie  first  secretary  of  the 
corporation.  In  1M)2  he  removed  to  a  farm 
in  the  town  of  IJrooklyn.  and  resided  there 
eight  years.  He  enlisted  in  Company  C  of  the 
Mounted  Rangers,  serving  as  clerk  in  the  Quar- 
termaster's department,  until  the  <'onipany  was 
disbanded.  Was  married  in  1840.  to  Myra  Rogers  ; 
by  her  he  had  five  children,  two  of  whom  are  now 
living.  He  has  been  married  three  times  :  lias 
four  children  living.  Cliarles  Arkland.  .Vlice 
Myra,  Francis  Cordelia  and  Mary  Adelma. 

Patrick  Fogarty  was  born  in  Ireland  in  ls40; 
came  to  this  country  in  ls.57.  and  settled  in  Rich- 
field township.  He  was  four  years  in  the  employ 
of  the  government,  driving  team.  In  18t)2  was 
with  General  Sibh-y  on  his  Indian  E.xpedition. 
Purchased  the  farm  on  which  he"  has  'since  re- 
sided, in  1865.  He  now  has  thirty  acres  under 
cultivation.     Was  married  in  Januarv.   18(39.  to 


Bridget  Carrol,  liy  whom  he  has  had  seven  chil- 
dren. Mary.  Maggie.  Ellen.  Bridget.  Willie.  An- 
nie and  Denis. 

George.  Fortwingler.  a  native  of  Germany,  was 
horn  November  23d.  1823.  He  came  to- this  coun- 
try in  1854.  resided  in  Ohio  one  year,  and  in  18-55 
removed  to  St.  Paul  where  he  remained  till  186(i, 
when  he  removed  to  Bloomington,  Hennepin 
coiuity.  Kept  a  hotel  at  Xine-Mile  Creek  for  two 
years,  then  purchased  the  farm  he  now  resides  on. 
'\\'as  married  in  1855.  to  Miss  A.  Reisslei  a  native 
of  Germany,  by  her  he  had  four  children,  (ieorge 
and  Caroline,  twins.  Julius  and  Julien.  twins. 
His  wife  died  and  he  again  married;  his  second 
wife  was  Miss  A.  Ren/.,  by  whom  he  has  three 
children.  Amelia.  Mary.  Oiillia. 

John  F.  Gilmore  was  born  in  Ohio.  Decem- 
ber 2nd.  isiii.  AVhile  young  he  accompanied 
his  parents  to  Illinois  and  resided  in  that 
state,  occupied  in  teaching  school  until  1839, 
when  he  went  to  Mississippi  and  engaged  in  the 
same  vocation.  In  1845  he  removed  to  Xewport. 
Kentucky,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the  nursery 
Inisiness  for  six  years.  In  1871  he  came  to  Min- 
nesota, residing  at  Faribault  two  years,  engaged 
in  the  nursery  business.  He  came  to  Hennepin 
ctuinty  in  1873  and  has  since  resided  in  Richfield. 
Was  married  Dec.  3.1.  1,S72.  to  Miss  Belle  Mc- 
Clure.     Their  children  are  .Molly  and  William. 

Herman  J.  Gjertseu  is  a  native  of  Norway, 
born  Octolier  29th.  I.s2ii.  He  followed  farming 
and  lishing  in  his  nati\e  country  until  18B8  when 
he  emigrated  to  America,  settling  in  Isanti  coun- 
ty. Minnesota.  Came  to  Richfield  in  1S70  and 
in  1878  he  bought  81  acres  where  he  now  resides. 
Married  Alberlina  Olson  of  Norway  in  1851. 
Family  record  is— Xels  P..  John  C.  Die  J., 
Henry  J..  Louis  C.  Assoria  M..  Eunice  T.,  So- 
phia J.,  George  II.     Three  children  have  died. 

Michael  Gleeson  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1810. 
and  came  to  this  country  in  184t).  Landed  in 
Xew  York  and  went  to  Massachusetts  where  he 
resiiled  until  l.s-55.  when  he  came  west  and  set- 
tled in  Hennei)iii  county.  He  made  a  claim  of 
Hid  acres,  which  he  has  since  increased  by  pur- 
chase to  273  acres.  He  was  married  in  ls52  to 
Mary  Bolden.  of  Ireland.  They  have  had  nine 
children.  Michael.  James  and  John,  twins, 
Thomas,  Mary  Ann.  Daniel.  Bridget.  Cornelius, 
William. 


RICHFIELD— BIOGBAPHICAL. 


219 


Charles  Haeg  was  born  in  Germany,  July  13, 
1819.  lie  learned  the  trade  of  ealiinet  maker, 
served  three  years  in  the  German  army,  and  in 
1844,  emigrated  to  the  United  States.  Enlisted 
at  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  in  September.  1845.  Mr. 
Ilaeg  enjoys  the  distinction  of  being  a  veteran  of 
the  Mexican  war,  serving  under  General  Scott 
during  the  continuance  of  the  war.  In  1848  he 
was  stationed  at  Fort  Snelling,  and,  after  a  stay 
of  six  montlis  was  removed  to  Fort  Uidgely.  In 
1851  he  received  his  discharge,  and  in  September 
of  that  year  made  a  claim  al)out  live  miles  north 
of  St.  Anthony,  living  there  until  18.53.  when  he 
came  to  Richfield.  In  ISH.")  ln^  purchased  the 
farm  on  which  he  has  since  resided.  Was  mar- 
ried in  18.50.  to  Mary  Walter,  who  died  in  1800. 
leaving  five  children.  Married  lor  his  second 
wife  Albertina  L.  Adleman,  by  whom  he  has 
seven  children  all  living. 

Andrew  N.  Hall  was  licun  in  Maine  November 
1st,  1835.  Remained  with  his  jiarents  until  1S55 
when  he  come  west  and  located  at  Minneapolis, 
residing  there  until  1802.  when  he  retvu-ned  to 
Maine  and  enlisted  in  Comjiany  15,  of  the  28th 
regiment  Maine  Infantry,  serving  one  year.  In 
1866  he  returned  to  Minneapolis,  and  jiurchased 
a  farm  of  72  acres  in  the  town  of  Hichlield.  Re- 
sided in  the  city  until  1872.  since  which  time  he 
has  lived  on  his  farm.  ^Vas  married  in  1875,  to 
Eliza  Caley.  Their  children  are  Alliion  and  Wil- 
liam. 

James  Hawkes  (deceased)  \\as  lioru  in  Vork- 
shire,  England,  May  0th.  182(t.  In  ls44  lie  came 
to  America.  In  1854  he  came  to  Minnesota  and 
pre-empted  a  farm  of  120  acres  in  Uiclilield,  where 
he  resided  until  his  deatli.  Mr.  Ilawkes  formed 
one  of  the  Coniiiany  who  in  "02  marched  to  the  re- 
lief of  Fort  Ridgely  under  ('apt.  Northup.  In  1803 
he  enlisted  in  the  First  Minnesota  Infantry,  and 
served  in  the  First  Battalion  until  discharged  in 
1805.  He  was  with  his  company  in  several  of 
most  severe  engagements  of  the  war,  and  was 
wounded  June  1804.  for  which  he  received  a  pen- 
sion. He  was  married  in  183!)  to  Mary  Ann 
Iloldsworths.  The  family  record  is  Harriet, 
Henry  Thomas,  David  II.,  John  W..  Emma  J. 
Alfred,  Charles  Lincoln.  Five  cliildren  have 
died.  Mr.  Hawkes  came  to  his  death  in  Minne- 
apolis Sept.  29th,  1880,  liy  a  fall  from  his  wagon. 


He  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Richfield,  and  was 
respected  by  all  who  knew  him. 

Jesse  Haywood  is  a  native  of  England,  born 
May  10th.  1840.  Remained  in  England,  engaged 
in  the  Manufacture  of  woolen  Goods  until  1872, 
when  he  came  to  America,  landed  at  Quebec, 
thence  by  lake  to  Diduth,  going  from  there  to 
Clay  county,  Minnesota,  where  he  purchased  a 
half  section  of  land.  In  1874  he  came  to  Henne- 
pin county,  and  has  since  been  engaged  as  florist 
with  Mr.  Booth,  at  Minnehaha. 

Franz  J.  Ileiss  was  born  in  (Germany.  October 
19th,  1885,  and  there  learned  the  trade  of  carpen- 
ter. Emigrated  to  this  country  in  1855,  and  to 
Minnesota  in  1859,  locating  on  a  farm  in  Brown 
county.  In  1801  he  enlisted  in  the  Sixth  Minne- 
sota, and  served  until  the  discharge  of  the  regi- 
ment, in  1805.  He  purchased  eighty  acres  of 
land  in  Richlield.  in  1875.  and  has  since  resided 
there,  in  the  pursuit  of  farming.  In  1871  he  was 
married  to  Salomey  Souder,  a  native  of  Germany. 
Their  children  are  Frank  D,,  Amelia,  Charlie. 
Katie,  and  Willheim.     Frank  1).  died  in  1875.  - 

Charles  Iloag,  one  of  RichfieUrs  representative 
men,  and  a  pioneer  of  Hennepin  county,  was  born 
June  29,  1808.  in  New  Hampshire.  After  re- 
ceiving such  education  as  the  common  schools  of 
his  native  to\\ii  afforded,  he  attended  the  Wolf- 
boro  Academy  and  Friends"  Boarding  School,  at 
Providence.  R.  I.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  be- 
gan teaching,  and  followed  tliat  profession  for 
twenty-seven  years,  thirteen  of  which  lie  was  en- 
gaged as  Principal  of  a  (irammar  School  in  Phil- 
adelphia. In  1852  he  came  to  Minnesota  ;  taught 
school  in  St.  Anthony  two  terms.  In  May,  1852, 
he  made  a  claim  of  100  acres  of  land,  in  what  is 
now  the  city  of  Minneaiiolis  ;  was  a  member  of 
the  first  town  council,  and  to  him  is  due  the 
honor  of  giving  to  the  city  its  beautiful  and  ap- 
propriate name.  Miinieapolis.  He  was  the  second 
treasui-er  of  Hennepin  coimly,  and  lias  held  many 
positions  of  public  trust.  Is  an  ardent  Odd  Fel- 
low, and  served  one  term  as  Grand  ilaster  of  the 
jSIinnesota  Grand  Lodge.  He  claims  to  be  the 
oldest  Odd  Fellow  in  the  state.  Has  also  occu- 
pied the  position  of  President  of  the  Agricultural 
and  Horticultural  Societies.  In  1857  he  pur- 
cliased  the  farm  he  now  occupies,  which  is  known 
as  the  •'  Diamond  Lake  Farm,"  and  removed  to 
it  in  1865.    Mr.  lloag  was  County  Superintend- 


220 


HISTOBT  OF  HENNEPIX  COUXTY. 


ent  of  Schools  from  1870  to  1874.  Has  one  daugh- 
ter by  his  first  wife,  married  to  Charles  H.  Clark, 
who  is  in  the  revenue  service.  Mr.  Hoag's  tii-st 
wife  died  in  1871.  and  in  March.  1873.  he  w:as 
married  to  Susan  F.  Jewett.  of    Solon.  Maine. 

Laura  Holman  was  born  in  the  State  of  ^'er- 
mont  in  1817.  In  18oo  she  came  to  Minnesota. 
In  184S  she  was  married  to  X.  Buttertield  who 
was  drowned  in  Lake  ^linnetonka  in  1^-59.  She 
settled  witli  her  husband  in  Minnetonka  in  18.5-5 
and  remained  there  until  ISKl  when  she  removed 
to  the  farm  in  Kichtield  where  slie  lias  since  re- 
sided. In  IHbO.  was  married  to  L.  Hohnan.  He 
was  killed  in  1871.  being  run  over  by  a  heavy 
load  of  wood.  Mrs.  Ilolman  has  one  son  by  her 
first  husband.  Frank  J.  Buttertield. 

Orrin  Hulibard  was  born  in  the  Stale  of  Xew 
York.  April  5th.  1835.  In  18.54.  moved  to  Janes- 
ville.  "Wisconsin,  where  he  remained  for  eleven 
years,  eight  of  wliicli  he  passed  in  the  employ  of 
the  American  Express  Company.  Enlisted  in 
lS()2in  the  12th  Wisconsin  Battery  and  served 
until  his  discharge  in  1M)5:  participating  in  many 
of  the  hardest  fought  battles  of  the  Rebellion. 
In  1865  he  accepted  a  position  as  conductor  for 
the  C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.  Co..  and  has  since  been  en- 
gaged in  that  vocation.  In  1877  he  bought  a 
farm  in  the  town  of  Richfield  and  has  improved 
it  until  it  is  now  one  of  tlie  finest  farms  in  this 
part  of  tlie  county.  He  was  married  in  January. 
186G.  to  Harriet  E.  Beaumont.  Tliey  liave  liad 
four  children.  Mary  ("..  Nellie  B..  Sarah  1?..  de- 
ceased, llattie.  died  February.  I.s77.  He  resides 
in  Minneapolis  at  SHK  Sixtli  Avenue  South. 

E.  F.  Irwin  is  a  native  of  Xew  York.  l)oni  in 
Erie  county  February  2d.  1.S40.  In  ls.55he  came 
witli  liis  parents  to  Minnesota,  settling  in  the 
town  of  Richfield.  Was  occupied  in  various  pur- 
suits until  18t)2  when  he  joined  the  company 
commanded  by  Captain  Xortliup  for  the  relief 
of  Fort  Ridgely.  In  18H5  he  bought  the  farm  be 
lias  since  occupied,  and  has  improved  it  until  it 
ranks  among  tlie  finest  farms  of  the  town.  A\'as 
married  October  1st.  18H7.  at  Iowa  City.  Iowa. 
to  Martha  J.  Bortland.  They  have  one  son.  John 
Bortland.  born  February  16th.  1874. 

Leopold  Kiesel  was  born  in  Baden.  (Termany. 
December  12th.  I(s25.  He  came  to  the  United 
States  in  18-52.  and  to  Minnesota  in  1856.  Enter- 
ed a  claim  near  Chaska.  and  after  living  there 


!  three  years  removed  to  Bloommgton.  In  1864 
he  bought  a  part  of  the  farm  he  now  occupies  in 
Richfield.  Xow  owns  220  acres,  1-50  acres  being 
cultivated.  Was  married  in  1856  to  Madeline 
Leppet.  who  has  borne  him  five  children. 
Edward  E.  King  was  born  at  Peabody.  Mass.. 
;  August.  1st.  1836.  Came  to  Minnesota  in  1857 
and  purchased  the  farm  be  now  occupies.  At 
the  time  he  came  to  Richfield  there  was  but  little 
improvement  and  few  settlers.  He  has  since  built 
a  substantial  barn  and  fine  dwelling  bouse  at  a 
cost  of  S5.()0U.  Married  in  Nov.  1863..  Annie  N. 
Couillard.  who  died  August  17tli.  1877.  His 
second  wife  was  Miss  Katie  R.  Woodman  who 
was  Itorn  Decemlier  22d.  1857. 

.John  Kyte  is  the  owner  of  316  acres  of  land.  75 
acres  under  cultivation.  He  was  bom  in  Ireland 
in  1817  and  came  to  this  country  in  1845.  After 
residing  in  various  places  in  the  Eastern  States, 
he  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1855.  Pre-empted  a 
quarter  section  of  land,  bought  as  much  more, 
and  has  since  been  engaged  in  farming.  Has 
five  children,  all  of  wlK>m  are  married. 
Jlichael  Maloney  was  born  in  the  County  of 
I  Galway,  Ireland.  November  20th.  1845;  came  to 
,  New  York  in  1852.  and  two  years  later  removed 
to  Wisconsin,  where  he  resided  for  fifteen  years. 
August.  1862.  enlisted  in  a  Wisconsin  regiment, 
and  served  three  years  under  Generals  Sherman 
and  McPherson.  He  was  discliarged  August. 
1865.  and  four  years  later  removed  to  Minnesota, 
and  has  since  resided  in  Richfield,  where  he  owns 
160  acres  of  land.  He  was  married  November, 
1877.  to  Albertina  Erickson.  They  have  one 
daughter,  burn  December  31st.  1^7^. 

Merrimau  McCabe  was  born  in  the  slate  of 
New  York.  December  12th.  Is43:  came  with  his 
.  parents  to  Minnesota  in  1853.  and  has  since  resided 
'.  in  the  town  of  Richfield.  In  1862  be  was  with 
Captain  Norlhup  on  the  Fort  Ridgely  expedition. 
John  McCabe.  his  father,  was  born  in  Ireland  in 
1808 :  came  to  America,  and  resideil  in  the  state 
of  New  York  until  18.53.  when  lie  came  west 
and  ))re-enipted  a  farm  in  Kiclifielil.  where  he  re- 
mained initil  his  dealli.  which  occurred  in  May. 
1878 ;  he  was  married  to  Harriet  Toles.  who  bore 
him  six  children.  Mercy.  Merriinan.  Emily.  Mary. 
Amelia  and  Elnoria. 

George  Millam  was  born  in  Scotland  August, 
1849.     He  came  to  this  countrv  in  18-59  and  ten 


RICHFIELD— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


221 


years  later  to  Hennepin  county.  He  has,  since 
coming  to  Riclitield  been  engaged  as  miller  in 
the  Edina  Mills.  In  1872  was  married  to  Miss 
Margaret  Jibb,  a  native  of  Scotland.  Following 
is  the  family  record:  Charles  A.,  born  August, 
1873;  Lily  F.,  born  April,  1875,  died  at  the  age 
of  three  years;  Annabella.  born  May,  1877:  and. 
Rosella,  born  April,  1879. 

Howard  C.  Odell  was  born  at  Monticello,  Indi- 
ana, October  17th,  1853,  and  came  with  his  par- 
ents to  Minnesota  in  the  fall  of  18o(i  and  located 
in  the  town  of  Riclitield.  He  is  tlieson  of  George 
Odell  who  has  a  farm  on  section  'Si.  Howard  is 
employed  during  the  winter  in  Minneapolis  and 
in  the  summer  season  Inrns  his  attention  to 
farming.  Was  married  October  14th,  188(i,  to 
Miss  Fannie  Stanchlield,  of  Tama  City,  Iowa. 

Thomas  Peters  was  born  in  England.  October 
7th,  1848.  His  father  being  a  shoemaker,  Thomas 
engaged  in  the  same  business  while  in  England. 
In  1873  he  emigrated  to  this  country,  coming  di- 
rectly to  St.  Paul.  Engaged  in  farming  in  Pam- 
sey  and  Dakota  counties  imtil  1876,  when  he 
came  to  Minnehaha,  and  was  employed  at  the 
hotel  two  years  ;  thence  to  Hudson,  Wisconsin, 
where  he  was  engaged  in  a  hotel  for  one  year ; 
then  returned  to  Minnelialia,  and  has  since  been 
employed  at  the  hotel.  In  Oct..  1871.  was  married 
to  Kate  Weaver.  Their  residence  is  near  tlie  junc- 
tion of  Minnehaha  Creek  witli  llie  Mississippi. 

D.  N.  Place  was  born  in  New  York  city,  .lan- 
uary  IStli,  1844.  At  the  age  of  foin-teen  he  ship- 
ped as  seaman,  and  followed  tliat  vocation  for 
eighteen  years  :  came  to  Minnesota  in  1869,  and 
for  three  years  was  engaged  in  tlie  real  estate 
business  ;  then  returned  to  the  pursuit  of  sailing, 
and  served  as  mate  on  a  voyage  to  Japan  ;  then 
served  four  years  as  Purser  and  one  year  as  Cap- 
tain of  the  schooner  Leadei',  trading  on  the  Pacific 
coast ;  was  married  April  15, 1874,  to  Frances  M. 
Benjamin.  They  have  h'ad  two  children,  one 
now  living,  Charles  E.  L. 

Patrick  A.  Ryan,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  born 
in  18;il,  and  came  to  this  country  in  1847.  Re- 
sided in  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio  until  1854  when 
he  came  to  Minnesota,  first  settling  on  a  home- 
stead in  the  town  of  Hassan,  Hennepin  county. 
In  1868  he  sold  his  farm  and  removed  to  Saint 
Antliony  where  lie  resided  until  1874  when  he 
purchased  the  farm  he  has  since  occupied  in  the 


town  of  Richfield.     Married  .luliaQuinn  in  1867. 

Edward  A.  Scales  was  born  in  Townsend, 
Massachusetts,  April  13th.  1853.  and  remained  in 
his  native  town  engaged  in  coopering  until  1874 
when  lie  came  to  Minnesota  and  engaged  in  farm- 
ing at  Minnehaha.  In  1876  he  jmrchased  five 
acres  of  land  and  has  since  given  his  attention  to 
market  gardening. 

Gilbert  Sly  was  born  in  the  State  of  New  York 
November  4th,  1798,  and  remained  in  his  native 
state  engaged  in  farming  imtil  1866  when  he 
came  west  and  jmrcliased  of  .lames  Davis  the 
farm  he  now  occupies  in  the  town  of  Richfield. 
Was  married  in  1822,  to  Sarah  Crane  a  native  of 
Massachusetts.  They  have  had  twelve  children, 
five  of  whom  are  now  living,  Mary  E..  Fidelia. 
Elisha,  Paulina  and  W.  II. 

J.  L.  Smilit  was  liorn  in  Ilolstein,  Denmark, 
July  28th,  1850.  In  1873  he  emigrated  to  this 
country  and  came  directly  to  Minnesota,  locating 
on  section  14,  Richfield,  where  he  lias  since  been 
engaged  in  farming. 

Freeman  B.  Smith  was  liorn  in  ^'ernlont,  July 
15th,  1822.  He  removed  to  Champlain,  N.  Y .. 
where  he  resided  until  1852.  For  four  years  he 
held  the  office  of  postmaster.  In  1852  he  went 
to  California  and  was  engaged  in  gold  mining 
for  one  year.  From  1860  till  1867,  he  was  in  the 
revenue  service  at  Virginia  City,  Nevada.  In 
April,  1878.  he  came  to  Minnesota  and  has  since 
been  engaged  in  conducting  the  farm  of  his 
brother-in-law,  Orrin  Hubliard,  in  tlie  town  of 
Richfield.  In  1846  married  to  Sarah  E.  Beau- 
mont. She  was  born  in  New  York.  Sept.  24, 1824, 

James  Stansfield  was  born  in  the  State  of  New 
York,  September  3d,  1828.  At  the  age  of  fifteen 
he  went  to  sea  and  follovveil  that  occupation  until 
1849,  when  he  passed  one  year  as  steward  on  the 
Hudson  River  steamboats.  In  1850  went  to  Cal- 
ifornia, and  remained  five  ye;us.  Came  to  St. 
Anthony  in  1855  and  engaged  in  furnishing 
supplies  to  steamboats  until  1862.  when  he  en- 
gaged in  the  restaurant  business,  wliicli  lie  con- 
tinued in  Miiincapiilis  until  18.')9.  when  he 
engaged  in  real  estate  business,  and  has  followed 
;  the  same  extensively.  In  1872  he  purchased  the 
farm  in  Richfield  wliich  he  has  since  occupied. 
In  1856  he  married  Susan  Wagner.  They  have 
three  children  living:  Frank  H..  Charles  L.,  and 
Ella  B. 


222 


RISTOEY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


BLOOMINGTUX 


CHAPTER  XXXVII. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION — FIRST  SETTLEMENT- 
CIVIL  HISTORY— CHURCHES— SCHOOLS — MILLS. 
SHOPS,  ETC. — THE  FIRST  SETTLERS — BIO- 
GRAPICAL. 

The  town  of  Bloomington  occupies  the  south- 
eastern part  of  the  county,  lying  on  tlie  Minne- 
sota River,  whicli  forms  its  entire  eastern  and 
southern  boundary.  A  strip  of  meadow,  varying 
from  twenty  rods  to  a  mile  in  width,  skirts  the 
river  the  whole  length  of  the  town.  The  bluffs 
are,  therefore,  back  from  the  river,  but  here  and 
there  stretch  out  bare,  sandy  points  to  the  meadow 
below.  Beautiful  rolling  prairies  extend  back 
from  the  bluffs  over  the  whole  township.  The 
bluffs  are  not  usually  bare,  but  are  covered  with 
turf  and  timber,  while  the  bottom  lands,  at  the 
foot,  have  in  some  parts  large  areas  of  water. 
The  sand  belt  passes  through  the  middle  of  the 
town,  exhibiting  its  usual  characteristics,  viz.. 
less  productive  soil,  and  timber  of  smaller  or 
lighter  growth.  Heavier  timber  is  found  in  the 
northwest.  Nine  Mile  Creek  lias  high,  sandy 
bluffs  covered  with  brush  or  timljer.  The  small 
lakes  on  the  prairie  east  of  Nine  Mile  Creek  are 
now  very  shallow,  without  outlet,  and  appear  to 
diminish  year  by  year.  They  will  doubtless 
wholly  disappear.  Lakes  Eyland  and  Bush  bet- 
ter deserve  to  be  classed  among  the  beautiful 
lakes  of  the  town.  The  only  stream  of  any  size 
within  the  limits  of  the  town  is  Nine  Mile  Creek, 
which  enters  the  town  near  the  northwest  corner, 
takes  a  southeasterly  direction,  and  flows  into  the 
Minnesota  Eiver. 

FIRST   SETTLEMENT. 

Peter  Quinn  was  the  first  white  man  to  settle 
and  cultivate  the  soil  of  this  town.  He  was  ap- 
pointed Indian  farmer,  in  accordance  with  a 
treaty  with  the  Indians,  and  began  his  work,  in 


1843.  on  land  now  owned  and  ocruiued  by  James 
Davis,  on  section  14.  He  remained  here  until 
1854.  Rev.  Gideon  H.  Pond,  the  missionary 
among  the  Dakotas.  moved  here  in  1843,  and  he 
and  his  Indian  liands  pitched  their  tents  on  the 
banks  of  the  Minnesota  River,  where  Mrs.  Pond 
now  lives.  He  lived  here  luitil  his  death,  which 
occurred  in  1878.  Martin  McLeod  settled  here  in 
1849,  where  his  son.  "Walter  S.  McLeod,  now  re- 
sides, at  the  mouth  of  Nine  Mile  Creek.  Joseph 
Dean  came  next.  He  arrived  in  the  winter  of 
1851-2.  He  had  obtained  "a  charter  for  a  ferry 
which  he  proceeded  to  establish  in  company  with 
AVilliam  Chambers.  He  built  the  log  house  winch 
still  stands  near  the  ferrv. 

■William  Chambers  also  came  in  1851-2  ;  made 
a  claim,  now  the  farm  of  William  Chadwick.  and 
joined  Mr.  Dean  in  the  ferry  enterprise.  He  died 
here  in  1S6S. 

In  1852,  the  following  party  came  from  Illinois 
and  made  claims  near  the  river,  on  the  western 
prairie.  S.  A.  Goodrich.  A.  L.  Goodrich.  Orville 
Ames,  Henry  and  Martin  S.  Whalon,  and  Edwin 
.Vmes  Sr.  Not  one  of  those  men  is  now  living 
in  Bloomington. 

We  are  indebted  to  Mrs.  Rebecca  tioodrich  for 
the  following  information  in  regard  to  these 
worthy  pioneers :  S.  A.  (ioodrich  died  in  Bloom- 
ington, in  1865.  A.  L.  (Goodrich  sold  his  farm 
in  1879.  and  now  resides  in  Minneapolis.  Orville 
Ames  and  M.  Whalon  died  in  the  service  of  their 
eoimtry,  the  former  in  hospital  and  the  latter,  it 
is  supposed,  in  rebel  prison.  Henry  AAlialon 
moved  to  Princeton.  Minnesota,  soon  after  his 
settlement,  lint  returned  a  few  years  later  and 
died  at  Fort  Snelling.  Edwin  Ames  died  on  his 
claim  soon  after  his  arrival,  and  his  widow  per- 
fected the  title.  Quite  a  number  settled  on  the 
prairie  east  of  the  creek  in  1S53.  From  this  time 
on  the  town  was  rapidly  settled. 

The  following  statistics  will  show  the  popula- 


BLOOMINGTON— CIVIL  HISTORY. 


223 


tion  of  the  town  and  the  nipiility  with  whifli  it 
has  advanced  in  wealth. 

The  population,  by  census  of  l.ssu.  was  820. 
The  town  has  28.l!0o  acres  of  land  :  the  assessed 
valuation  of  the  same  for  the  year  isiifl,  was  !?103.- 
693;  for  the  year  187.5,  $298,163;  and  for  the 
year  1880,  S460,o38.  The  assessed  valuation  of 
personal  property  for  the  year  18(i!i  was  S41,0t)8; 
1875,  $47,775  ;  1880,  $52,320.  The  total  amount 
of  taxes  raised  in  1869  was  ?3,574  ;  in  1875,  $4,- 
245;  in  1880,  $3,718.  Numbei-  of  liorses  over 
two  years  old,  in  1869,  287  ;  in  ls7.">.  353  ;  in  1880, 
403.  Cattle  over  two  years  old,  in  1869,  581 ;  in 
1875,  752  ;  in  1880,  592.  Sheep  in  1869,  309;  in 
1875.300;  in  1880,363.  Hogs  in  1869.150;  in 
1875,  159;  in  1880.  401.  Bushels  of  wheat  in 
1869,  47,884;  in  1875,  48.0.55;  in  1880.  acreage 
5,109. 

CIVIL    HISTOHY. 

The  first  town  meeting  was  held  at  the  house 
of  11.  B.  Gibson,  on  section  19,  May  11th.  18.58, 
at  which  E.  B.  Stanley  was  Secretary  and  Elijah 
Kich,  Clerk.  Whole  number  of  votes  cast  was 
twenty-five,  and  tlie  following  officers  were  elect- 
ed: Supervisors,  Martin  McLeod.  A.  P.  Tliomp- 
son,  H.  B.  (Jil)son.  The  latter  refused  toc|ualify. 
and  Allen  G.  Goodricli  was  appointf'(l.  Town 
Clerk,  Elijah  Kich;  Assesscn-,  Elisha  Smith;  <'ol- 
lector  and  Constable.  Orville  Ames;  Overseer  of 
the  Poor,  Joseph  Kunison;  Justices  of  the  Peace. 
George  Cook,  E.  B.  Stanley;  Road  Overseers, 
Martin  S.  Whalon,  Thomas  T.  Ba/.ley,  Wm. 
Cliadwick.  Voted  $100  for  town  expenses  for 
the  current  year.  Resolutions  were  passed  regu- 
lating, the  licensing  of  dogs,  hogs  running  at 
large,  lieight  and  strength  of  fences,  iVc.  The 
first  Supervisors'  meeting  was  held  at  the  house 
of  Elijah  Rich,  May  23d,  18-58.  Chairman  absent, 
and  adjourned  to  the  28th  when  tlie  full  board 
met  and  transacted  its  first  regular  business. 

April,  18.59.'  Town  meeting  at  the  house  of  R. 
B.  Gibson,  34  votes  cast.  Voted  $150  for  town 
expenses.  Supervisors:  Martin  McLend.  A.  P. 
Thompson,  I).  ^SlcCullum. 

April  3d,  1860.  Town  meeting  at  R.  B.  Gib- 
son's. Mrs.  Gibson  objecting  to  the  racket, 
adjourned  to  the  school  house.  Thirty-nine  votes 
cast.  Levied  $50  for  town  expenses  and  $75  to 
build  a  bridge  across  the  slough  near  Bradbury's, 
and  the  Supervisors  authorized  to  purchase  a 


road-scraper.  Supervisors:  Samuel  Goodrich, 
A.  P.  Thompson,  W.  M.  Cliadwick.  At  tlie  gen- 
eral election,  November  6th.  94  votes  registered, 
only  68  cast. 

April  2d,  1861.  Annual  meeting  at  school 
house  Xo.  13.  Thirty-two  votes  cast.  $100 
voted  for  town  expenses.  Voted  to  build  a 
pound  and  to  let  horses,  cattle,  etc.,  run  at  large 
during  the  summer  months.  Supervisors:  Sam- 
uel Goodrich,  W.  M.  Cliadwick,  John  Miller. 

April  1,  1862,  annual  meeting  at  school  house 
No.  13,  levied  $100  for  town  exjienses.  Super- 
visors, John  Miller,  W.  M.  Clia.lwick,  D.  McCul- 
lum. 

April  7.  1863,  voted  $.50  for  a  Pound,  and  $.50 
for  town  expenses,  ^'oted  to  change  the  height 
of  fences  from  fo>ir  feet  six  inches  to  four  feet 
three  inches.  Supervisors  .John  Miller.  \V.  M. 
Cliadwick,  .James  Dean. 

April  5,  1864,  voted  $100  for  town  expenses. 
Voted  to  pay  a  reasonable  sum  fiu'  the  use  of  the 
school  house  in  District  13,  for  electi(m  purposes. 
Voted  to  change  the  day  for  annual  meetings, 
from  the  first  Tuesday  in  April  to  the  second 
Tuesday  in  March  ;  which  could  not  be  done  till 
the  passage  of  a  legislative  act  in  later  years. 

Special  meeting,  June  5,  1864.  voted  to  obtain 
a  plat,  and  record  a  piece  of  ground  for  a  ceme- 
tery, to  be  the  property  of  the  town  :  also  to  raise 
money  to  pay  the  wife  of  each  soldier  who  had 
not  received  a  Imal  Imuuty,  $2.oo.  and  each  cliild 
of  the  same  $1..>0  per  month,  from  July  1st.  and 
continuing  during  term  of  service. 

Special  meeting,  August  1,  1864.  A  resolution 
was  lost  by  23  to  9,  pi'oviding  for  the  raising  of 
money  by  town  bonds  to  pay  soldiers'  bounties  to 
fill  the  Bloomington  ipiota  under  the  President's 
call  for  500,000  men.  Owing  to  the  action  of  the 
electors,  the  town  otticers  were  powerless  to  act, 
and  a  number  of  citizens,  among  whom  were 
Wm.  Chadwick,  John  Layman  and  T.  Peteler. 
gave  their  individual  notes  to  tlie  First  National 
Bank  of  Minneapolis,  as  security  for  money  ad- 
vanced to  pay  the  bounties  of  sohliers  to  fill  the 
quota. 

Special  nieeting.  January  3,  1865,  at  the  house 
of  A.  G.  Gillet,  voted  to  issue  town  bonds  to  pay 
bounties  to  soldiers  to  fill  the  quota  under  the 
President's  call  for  300,000  men,  the  tax  for  the 
payment  not  to  be  levied  on  the  property  of  those 


224 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


wlio  were  or  liail  lieeii  in  llie  service  witbdut  re- 
eeiving  local  bounty. 

Annual  meeting.  April  1.  al  llie  school  house, 
voted  $150  for  town  expenses,  ^'otecl  to  i>rocure 
a  bier  and  pall  for  the  use  of  the  town,  and  raise 
the  per  diem  of  some  of  tlie  town  officers.  Su- 
pervisors Sam"l.  (ioodrich.  Wm.  Kell.  James  E. 
Smith. 

April  3.  "(jij.  levied  one  mill  ikt  dollar  for  town 
expenses,  and  voted  tliat  the  cemetery  be  legal- 
ized by  tiling  the  plat,  recording,  &c.  Supervisors: 
Wm.  Chad  wick,  Joseph  Harrison,  Abram  Palmer. 

.Vpril  2,  1867,  levied  one  mill  i)er  dollar  for 
town  expenses,  seventeen  mills  for  the  payment 
of  interest  on  the  bounty  bonds,  one-half  mill  to 
improve  the  town  cemetery  and  providing  that  it 
be  free  for  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  and  So 
per  lot  for  non-residents.  Supervisors:  Samuel 
Goodrich,  John  Layman,  Wm.  Kell. 

April  7,  186S,  levied  one  mill  per  dollar  for 
town  expenses.  Supervisors:  Wm.  Kell,  E. 
Parker,  Wm.  Chadwick. 

March  30,  1869.  Supervisors'  meeting.  The 
Treasurers'  report  showed  that  the  amount  of 
money  realized  from  the  sale  of  bounty  bonds 
amounted  to  $1,364.96,  and  that  bonds  had  been 
canceled  whicli,  including  interest,  amounted  to 
$1,394.17.  And,  as  the  seventeen-mills  tax 
amounted  to  considerable,  there  was  still  some 
l)ounty  money-  in  the  treasury.  An  attempt  was 
made  in  1870  to  use  this  surplus  money  to  build  a 
town  house ;  this  was  foimd  to  be  illegal,  and  the 
money  was  distributed  among  the  soldiers  of  the 
town  who  had  not  received  a  full  bounty.  The 
date  of  the  annual  meeting  for  1869  does  not  ap- 
pear, but  it  was  held  at  •'  Cate's  School  House." 
Levied  one  mill  per  dollar  for  town  expenses. 
The  building  of  a  town  liall  was  agitated.  Su- 
pervisors: Wm.  Kell,  E.  A.  Parker,  Wm.  Chad- 
wick. 

A  special  meeting  was  held  during  the  summer 
for  the  purpose  of  purchasing  a  lot  for  the  town 
hall  and  to  entertain  X.  G.  Nortlirup's  proposi- 
tion, to  donate  land  for  a  town  lioiise. 

April  5, 1870.  Meeting  held  at  Cate's  School 
House.  Voted  to  use  the  surplus  bounty  money 
for  the  purpose  of  building  a  town  hall,  but  as 
the  bounty  money  could  not  be  used  legally  ex- 
cept for  the  payment  ofboimties,  the  matter  was 
dropped.    Voted  a  tax  of  one  mill  per  dollar  for 


town  cxiifiises.     Supervisors  elected  were  Henry 
Harmon,  John  M.  Cuumiings,  A.  P.  Thompson. 

An  election  was  held  May  31st  of  this  year  to 
decide  for  or  against  the  payment  of  slate  R.  R. 
bonds  by  the  sale  of  internal  improvement  lands, 
and  7o  votes  were  cast,  all  in  faviir  of  such  method 
of  payment. 

March  14,  1S71,  meeting  held  at  district  school- 
house  No.  13.  Voted  S75  to  build  a  pound,  and 
one  mill  per  dollar  for  town  expenses.  Super- 
visors, Henry  Harmon,  A.  P.  Thompson.  J.  D. 
Scofleld. 

March  12.  1872,  meeting  held  at  school-house 
No.  13.  Levied  one  mill  per  dollar  for  town  ex- 
penses. Supervisors — Henry  Harmon,  J.  D.  Sec- 
field.   Abram  Palmer. 

^larch  11,  1873,  town  meeting  held  at  Cates" 
school-house.    Forty-eight  votes  cast.    Supervis-  • 
ors — Henry    Harmon,    Abram    Palmer,  Phillip 
Ilynes.     Voted  a  tax  of  one-half  mill  per  dollar 
for  town  expenses. 

March  10, 1874,  meeting  at  school-house  district 
No.  13.  Levied  two  mills  per  dollar  for  town  ex- 
penses. Supervisors — Henry  Harmon.  Abram 
Palmer.  J.  D.  Scofield. 

March  9,  1875,  town  meeting  held  at  Oak  Grove 
Hall.  $150  voted  for  town  expenses.  Supervis- 
ors—Henry Harmon,  J.  I).  Scofield.  Abram 
Palmer. 

March  14,  1876,  meeting  at  Oak  (Jrove  Hall. 
$150  was  voted  for  town  expenses.  Supervisors- 
Henry  Harmon.  Abram  Palmer.  II.  1).  Cunning- 
ham. 

March  13,  1877,  levied  $20(i  for  town  expenses. 
Supervisors — Henry  Harmon.  Abram  Palmer.  II. 
D.  Cunningham. 

March  12,  1878.  meeting  held  at  (Jak  (irove 
Hall.  A'oled  $200  for  town  expenses.  107  votes 
cast.  Supervisors — Henry  Harmon,  Walter  S. 
McLeod,  II.  I).  Cunningham. 

March  11.  1879.  meeting  at  Oak  Grove  Hall. 
$200  voted  for  town  expenses.  105  votes  cast. 
Supervisors — Henry  Harmon.  W.  S.  .McLeod,  J. 
Mahoney. 

March  9, 1880,  meeting  held  at  Oak  Grove  Hall. 
Ninety-nine  votes  cast.  Changed  the  cemetery 
name  from  "Presbyterian"  to  "Bloomington." 
Voted  $25  for  a  pound,  and  $200  for  town  ex- 
penses; also  special  tax  to  improve  the  cemetery. 
Supervisors— Walters.  McLeod,  Samuel  McClay, 


BLOOMINOTON—ORUBCHES,  SCHOOLS,  ETC. 


225 


Wm.  Chadwick.  The  subject  of  building  a  town 
house  and  pound  has  from  time  to  time  been 
agitated,  but  neither  of  them  has  been  built. 

CHURCHES. 

The  Bloomington  Presbyterian  Cluireh  is  at 
present  the  only  organization  in  existence  in  the 
town.  Rev.  Mr.  Pond  took  measures  for  its  es- 
tablishment immediately  after  the  removal  of  the 
Indians  and  the  consequent  termination  of  his 
missionary  work.  In  1855,  the  organization  was 
completed  with  thirteen  members,  and  services 
were  held  in  the  new  church.  The  church  was  first 
located  at  the  Bloomington  Cemetery,  on  section 
21,  but  in  the  spring  of  1804,  it  was  removed  to 
its  present  location  near  the  post  office,  and  en- 
larged. Three  members  of  the  original  thirteen 
still  survive,  Mrs.  G.  II.  Pond,  Mary  F.  Fond  and 
Mrs.  Chadwick.  Mr.  Fond  continued  the  charge 
until  1873,  when  he  resigned  on  account  of  ill 
health,  and  was  succeeded  in  turn  by  Rev.  M. 
Howell,  Rev.  Van  Emmon,  and  the  present  in- 
cumbent. Rev.  J.  de  Rruyn  Kops.  The  latter 
took  charge  in  1877. 

The  First  Baptist  Church  was  organized  Janu- 
ary 22d,  1861,  with  nine  members.  The  church 
flourislied  for  a  time,  but,  in  1872,  only  half  a 
dozen  remained,and  those  voted  to  disband.  The 
pastors  during  its  continuance  were  Revs.  S.  S. 
Utter,  A.  J.  Davis,  and  Cressy. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  held  in  the  township  w^as  at  the 
Dakota  mission,  by  Rev.  Mr.  Pond  and  his  assist- 
ants. Though  organized  for  the  Indians,  some 
white  children  of  early  settlers  attended.  The 
first  public  scliool  was  taught  in  a  private  house 
by  Miss  Harrison,  in  1855,  since  which  time  pub- 
lic schools  have  been  regularly  kept.  The  town 
is  divided  in  four  school  districts,  and  has  two 
joint  districts  with  Richfield ;  the  school  house 
of  the  latter  located  in  Richfield.  That  of  Dis- 
trict No.  13,  known  as  the  Gibson  school  house, 
on  Section  20,  finished  in  1859,  was  the  first  school 
house  built.  That  of  district  Xo.  Id,  long  known 
as  the  Cates  school  house,  was  first  located  on 
section  15,  but  in  1874  the  location  was  clianged 
to  section  16,  and  the  present  house  built.  That 
of  district  No.  11  is  in  section  10,  and  was  built 
in  1869.    That  of  district  No.  14  is  on  section  32, 

and  was  biult  in  1866. 
15 


GRANGE  NO.   482. 

This  Grange  was  organized  March,  1874,  by 
Deputy  W.  S.  Chowen,  of  Minnetonka,  in 
the  school-house,  district  No.  10,  with  twenty 
charter  members.  The  first  master  was  J.  D. 
Layman,  and  the  first  secretary  V.  Bailey. 
The  first  meetings  were  held  at  tlie  house  of 
James  Davis  and  at  Pease"s  Hall.  During  the 
first  winter  a  stock  company,  under  the  title  of 
the  "Oak  Grove  Hall  Association,"  was  organ- 
ized, composed  only  of  memers  of  the  Grange, 
for  the  purpose  of  building  a  hall.  Shares  were 
issued  at  $10  each,  the  money  was  raised,  and  the 
hall  completed  during  the  summer.  It  stands 
near  the  postoftice.  A  Library  Association  was 
formed  March  19th,  1874,  called  the  "  Blooming- 
ton Grange  Library  Association,"  to  consist  only 
of  members  of  the  Grange  in  good  standing. 
Thirty  dollars  was  invested  in  books  at  the  out- 
set, and  new  books  have  since  been  added.  The 
membership  of  the  Grange  is  now  forty-eight. 

HOTELS,  ETC. 

The  first  hotel  in  the  town  was  built  in  1854,  at 
the  crossing  of  Nine  Mile  Creek,  by  a  Mr.  Baillif , 
who  kept  it  a  number  of  years.  Next,  Albee 
.Smith  l)uilt  the  hotel  and  store  at  the  ferry.  In 
1858  ^Ir.  Wliitney  built  a  hotel  near  the  creek, 
whicli  was  the  stopping  place  for  the  stage  and 
passengers  for  a  long  time.  It  was  subsecpiently 
purchased  by  N.  G.  Northrup,  who  opened  a  store 
in  connection  with  the  hotel.  After  two  years  he 
sold  to  Mr.  Moir,  the  present  owner.  Owen  R. 
Dunbar  opened  a  store  in  1876,  where  the  Bloom- 
ington postoffice  now  is.  He  was  also  postmas- 
ter. In  1878  he  sold  to  Mr.  Cumming,  who 
keeps  a  small  general  store  and  is  postmaster. 

BLOOMINGTON  FERRY. 

The  ferry  was  established  in  1852  by  Joseph 
Dean  and  William  Chambers.  They  continued 
it  in  company  until  1855,  when  Mr.  Dean  sold  his 
interest  to  A.  C.  and  S.  A.  Goodrich.  In  1868 
Mr.  Chambers  sold  his  interest  to  James  Brown, 
who,  in  1.S72,  sold  to  John  Cameron.  Mr.  Cam- 
eron was  accidentally  killed  at  the  ferry  a  few 
years  later.  His  widow  and  Mrs.  Rebecca  Good- 
rich are  now  the  owners.  In  1855  Mr.  Dean  sold 
to  Albee  Smith  and  others,  from  St.  Paul,  his  in- 
terest in  lands  at  the  ferry,  but  not  including  the 
ferry  itself,  for  a  town  site.     The  purchasers  sur- 


^6 


HISTORY  OF  HENKEPIN  COUNTY 


veyed.  platted  it  aud  built  a  hotel,  but  the  town 
refused  to  grow. 

MILL,.  SHOPS.    ETC. 

■The  Bloomington  Flouring  Mill  "is  located 
on  Xiue  Mile  Creek,  section  21.  M.  J.  ifcAfee. 
the  present  owner,  built  the  dam  and  mill  in 
1876-7.  It  is  a  wooden  building 80.\4U  feet,  three 
stories  high.  It  has  three  runs  of  stone  and  one 
set  of  roUei-s.  and  is  operated  by  a  twenty-inch 
turbine  wheel  of  the  Leffel  pattern,  with  thirty 
or  forty  horse  power.  It  has  a  capacity  of  twenty 
barrels  per  day.  The  water  power  is  good.  Nu- 
merous springs  feed  the  pond,  and  keep  up  the 
supply  of  water,  enabling  the  mill  to  run  steadily 
during  the  summer  months. 

Three  blacksmith  shops  are  located  and  owned 
as  follows  :  one  near  Bloomington  Ferry,  by  Hec- 
tor Chadwick  ;  one  on  section  twenty,  by  Joseph 
Pepin,  and  one  at  Bloomington  post  office,  by  A. 
Cumming. 

Mrs.  Cameron  keeps  a  hotel  and  store  near  the 
ferry,  in  a  building  built  by  parties  from  St.  Paul. 

THE  FIKST  SETTLERS. 

Mrs.  Mary  Louisa  Quinn  is  the  oldest  Uving  .set- 
tler ui  Bloomington.  and  also  probably  the  old- 
est settler  in  the  State.  She  now  lives  with  her 
daughter.  Mrs.  Margaret  Brosseau.  Mrs.  Quinn 
was  born  in  the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  the  tall  of 
18U0,and  is  the  daughter  of  a  Scotchman,  named 
Findley  and  a  Kocky  Mountain  Indian  woman. 
who  died  gi^"ing  her  birth.  On  the  death  of  the 
mother,  ilr.  Findley  was  left  with  a  family  of 
four  children.  He.  therefore,  left  the  Mountains 
and  came  to  Fort  Garry,  where  he  left  the  infant 
in  the  charge  of  a  family  until  his  return  from 
Lachine.  Canada.  He  took  the  other  children 
with  him.  but  never  returned.  At  Fort  Garry 
the  baby  grew  to  womanhood.  Peter  Quinn. 
who  subsequently  became  her  husband,  was  one 
of  the  earliest  settlers  in  this  county,  with  a 
career  even  more  eventftd  than  that  of  his  wife. 
He  was  born  in  Dublin.  Ireland,  about  1789,  was 
carried  off  by  a  party  of  English  sailors  when  a 
school  boy.  iind  taken  to  York  Factory,  an  Esqui- 
maux trading  post,  on  the  coa.st  of  Labrador. 
Making  his  escape,  he  lived  three  years  with  the 
Esquimau.x,  without  seemg  a  white  man  during 
the  time.  He  was  ransomed  by  a  party  of  Hud- 
son   Bay   trappers  in  charge    of   ^Ir.   Graham, 


Graham  was  the  father  of  Mrs.  Alexander  Fari- 
bault of  tliis  State.  He  brought  yomig  Quiim  to 
Fort  Garry  where  he  married  as  stated  above. 
He  remained  in  the  employ  of  the  Hudson  Bay 
Company  a  number  of  years  l)Ut  was  in  constant 
dread  of  being  caught  and  returned  to  his  origi- 
nal captors.  In  1824,  he  was  sent  to  the  trading 
post  of  the  American  Fur  Company,  at  Lac  qui 
Parle  to  rescue  a  white  woman,  that  liad  been  cap- 
tured by  the  Sioux,  and  there  made  arrangements 
to  join  the  American  ct)mpany.  He  left  his  wife 
and  family  for  the  time  at  Fort  Garry  and  accept- 
ed the  appointment  as  their  agent  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing.  He  arrived  at  his  new  post  in  1824.  Du- 
rmg  his  absence  his  wife  suffered  many  hard- 
ships. AVhile  her  protectors  were  on  a  hunting 
excursion,  her  eldest  child  died,  and,  though 
obliged  to  carry  an  infant  two  months  old,  she 
determined  to  set  out  alone  to  find  them.  A 
heavy  snow  stoi-m  overtook  her  on  the  way,  and 
the  baby  perished,  while  she  with  difficulty  made 
her  way  to  her  friends,  who  kindly  received  her. 
She  now  persuaded  her  friends  to  go  with  her 
to  join  her  husband  in  Minnesota,  and  settle 
there.  Several  set  out  with  her  for  Fort  Snel- 
Ung,  in  the  whiter  of  ]S2o.  They  traveled  on 
snow  shoes  aU  the  way.  Mr.  Quinn  hearing  of 
their  coming,  met  the  party  at  Crow  Wing,  and 
conducted  his  wife  safely  to  Fort  Snelling.  He 
was  soon  appointed  to  a  trading  post  at  Leech 
Lake,  Miunesota,  whither  he  went  with  his  fami- 
ly and  remained  till  the  spring  of  1827.  Mrs. 
Quinn  at  that  time  returned  with  her  husband  to 
Fort  Snelling.  near  where  she  has  siuce  lived,  and 
is  now  over  eighty.  From  1827,  ^Ir.  Quinn 
was  constantly  in  the  employ  of  the  government, 
until  his  death.  He  carried  the  mail,  for  a  time, 
from  Fort  Snelling  to  Prairie  du  Cliien.  He  was 
often  employed  as  interpreter  and  in  making 
treaties  on  account  of  his  familiarity  with  the 
Sioux  and  Chippewa  languages.  In  1837  he  went 
to  Washington  in  charge  of  a  delegation  of 
Indian  chiefs.  In  1843,  he  was  appointed  Indian 
farmer,  and  opened  the  farm  for  instructing  the 
Indians  near  where  his  widow,  daughter  and 
grand-daughter  now  Uve.  In  1854  he  was  sent 
to  Fort  Ridgely  as  interpreter  for  the  soldiers. 
At  the  opening  of  the  Sioux  war,  in  1862.  he  was 
sent  by  Capt.  Marsh  to  Redwood  Ferry  to  recon- 
noitre, and  pacify  the  Indians.    He  was  there 


BLOOMINGTON—THE  FIRST  SETTLERS. 


227 


maliciously  shot  by  an  Indian  named  White  Dog, 
who  imagined  himself  injured  by  Quinn  and 
fommitted  the  act  in  retaliation.  Mrs.  Quinn 
who  was  at  the  time  visiting  her  daughter  in 
Bloomington,  did  not  return  to  Fort  Ridgely. 
Mrs.  Quinn  is  familiar  with  Indian  dialects  and 
the  French  language  but  cannot  talk  English. 
She  receives  a  pension  from  tlie  Government. 

Rev.  Gideon  H.  Pond  came  to  Bloomington,  in 
1843.  Mr.  Pond  was  born  in  Washington,  Litch- 
field county,  Connecticut,  June  3()th  1810.  He 
lived  on  the  home  farm  until  1834,  when  he  re- 
ceived a  letter  from  his  brother,  Samuel  W. 
Pond,  a  school  teacher  at  Galena,  Illinois,  pro- 
posing a  missionary  enterprise  to  the  Dakota  In- 
dians. The  proposition  was  accepted  and,  in 
1884,  provided  with  neither  brass,  scrip  nor  purse, 
he  joined  his  l)rother  at  Galena,  where  they  em- 
barked on  a  steamer  and  arrived  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing  in  May.  They  began  their  labors  among  the 
small  bands  of  Dalikf)tas  around  lakes  Clalhoun 
and  Harriet.  They  built  a  rude  cabin  on  the  east 
sliore  of  Lake  Calhoun,  and  labored  together 
three  years,  when  Gideon  II.,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  leaving  his  brotlier  in  charge  of  the  mis- 
sion school,  went  to  Lac  qui  Parle,  where  a  Pres- 
byterian church  had  been  organized,  and  offered 
his  services  as  Indian  farmer  and  teacher.  He 
remained  there  a  few  years  and  returned  to  Lake 
Harriet.  As  previously  stated,  the  Ponds  under- 
took this  missionary  labor  unaided,  but,  soon 
after,  on  the  arrival  of  missionaries  sustained  by 
the  A.  15.  C.  F.  M.,  tliey  joined  with  them  and 
labored  under  the  patronage  of  tliat  society. 
They  began  as  laymen  but,  in  1836,  Gideon  H. 
Pond  returned  to  Connecticut,  and,  during  a 
short  absence  was  ordained,  when  he  returned 
to  his  labors.  In  1843,  owing  to  the  repeated 
disturbances  between  the  Chippewas  and  Dah- 
kotas,  the  latter  changed  their  location  to  the 
banks  of  the  Minnesota  river.  Mr  Pond  fol- 
lowed their  fortunes  and  located  in  Blooming- 
ton, where  his  family  now  lives.  He  erected 
a  residence  for  his  own  family  and  a  school- 
house  for  the  Indians.  Services  were  held  every 
Sabbath,  and  schools  were  sustained  during  the 
week,  for  the  red  children,  by  Mr.  Pond  and  liis 
assistants.  Several  of  these  assistants  were  wo- 
men. In  1852,  in  accordance  with  a  treaty,  the 
Indians  were  removed  from  the  vicinitv  but  Mr. 


Pond  had  now  become  attached  to  this  place  as 
a  home  and  remained  here  until  his  death.  Mr. 
Pond  was  married  Jfovember  2d,  1837,  at  Lac 
qui  Parle,  to  Miss  Sarah  Poage,  who  was  his 
faitliful  assistant  until  her  deatli,  which  occurred 
in  1853.  In  1854  he  married  Mrs.  Sarah  Hopkins, 
widow  of  a  missionary,  who  was  drowned  in  the 
Minnesota  river  at  Saint  Peter,  July  4th,  1851. 
As  the  settlers  arrived  in  Bloomington  very 
rapidly  after  the  departure  of  the  Indians.  Mr. 
Pond  devoted  himself  to  religious,  social  and  po- 
litical progress  among  the  new  settlers.  He  or- 
ganized a  church  and  was  its  pastor  for  many 
years ;  he  represented  the  7tli  district  in  the 
first  territorial  legislature,  and  otherwise  took 
an  active  part  in  progressive,  political  affairs. 
He  died,  January  20th,  1878. 

Hon.  Martin  McLeod  was  born  in  Montreal, 
Canada,  August  1812.  During  early  years  he 
was  engaged  as  a  clerk  in  a  wholesale  house  in 
his  native  city.  He  had  a  liberal  education,  but 
was  imbued  witli  a  strong  desire  to  explore  the 
West.  In  1836,  at  Buffalo,  he  met  General 
Dickinson,  a  Britisli  officer,  who  was  organizing 
a  party  of  young  men  to  explore  tlie  western 
country.  McLeod  joined  tlie  expedition  and  went 
to  the  Hudson  Bay  Company  territory  of  Lord 
Selkirk.  The  company  was  disbanded,  and 
McLeod  found  himself,  in  the  winter  of  1836-7, 
cast  on  his  own  resources.  He,  with  Capt.  J. 
Pays,  a  Polish  exile,  and  Richard  Hays,  an  Irish- 
man, hired  Pierre  Bottineau,  as  guide  to  conduct 
them  to  Fort  Snelling.  Hays  was  lost  in  a  snow 
storm,  and  perished.  Pays  was  so  badly  frozen 
that  they  were  compelled  to  build  a  shanty  for 
him  and  leave  him  behind.  On  returning  for 
him  a  few  days  later,  they  found  him  frozen  to 
death.  Mr.  McLeod  arrived  with  his  guide  at 
Lake  Traverse,  and  during  the  same  spring, 
(1837),  proceeded  to  Fort  Snelling.  There  he 
became  clerk  and  book-keeper  for  11.  II.  Sibley. 
He  afterward  became  a  partner  with  a  Mr.  Baker. 
in  a  trading  post  at  the  fort.  After  the  death  of 
Mr.  Baker,  he  went  up  the  St.  Croix  River  and 
traded  with  the  Chipjiewas,  during  the  winter  of 
18311-40,  and  afterward  up  the  Minnesota  River 
to  Traverse  de  Sioux,  and  opened  a  trading  post 
there,  another  in  1843,  at  Big  Stone  Lake,  and 
still  another  at  Lac  qui  Parle,  in  1846.  He 
took  his  family  with  him  to  the  two  places  last 


22b 


HISTOUT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


mentioned.  In  1849  he  removed  them  to  where 
his  son  now  resides.  He  continued  the  trading 
posts  already  mentioned,  and  estaVilished  others 
at  Redwood  and  Yellow  ^ledieine.  after  the 
Indians  were  removed  to  these  points.  In  1858 
lie  sold  out  his  trading  posts  and  engaged  in  real 
estate  business  until  his  death.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  territorial  legislature  and  council,  and 
took  a  great  interest  in  the  affairs  of  the  coinitry. 
His  death  occurred  in  1860.  His  son  Walter  S. 
McLeod,  who  lives  on  the  old  homestead,  was 
born  near  Fort  Snelling,  April  IBth.  1841,  and  has 
always  been  a  resident  of  the  county.  He  has  I 
tilled  a  number  of  town  offices,  and  is  a  public 
spirited  and  enterprising  citizen. 

Mrs.  Margaret  Brosseau  was  born  at  Leech 
Lake,  Minnesota.  October  loth.  1826.  and  is  the 
daughter  of  Peter  and  Louisa  Quinn.  Her  whole 
life  has  been  passed  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Snelling. 
Her  early  life  was  spent  among  the  Indians  and 
traders  who  frequented  the  fort.  She,  by  this 
association,  became  familiar  with  the  Sioux, 
Chippewa  and  French  languages  in  addition  to  I 
English.  She  attended  school  at  the  fort  and  at  \ 
Mr.  Pond"s  missionary  school.  InlS46  she  was 
married  to  S.  J.  Findley,  of  Prairie  du  Chien, 
a  clerk  in  the  sutler's  store  at  Fort  Snelling. 
Mr.  Findley  kept  the  ferry  and  lived  in  a  house, 
infill  standing,  on  the  east  l^ank  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  near  the  new  bridge  at  the  fort.  There  he 
died  November  8th,  18o5,  leaving  his  wife  and 
three  children.  Two  of  these  children  are  now 
dead,  and  the  third,  the  only  survivor,  is  ilrs.  A. 
E.  Scofield  of  this  town.  2ilrs.  Fuidley  remained 
at  Fort  Snelling  until  1857  when  she  married  F. 
X.  Brosseau  and  -settled  on  her  farm  in  Blooming- 
ton  where  she  no\\-  resides.  From  18G2-"72  they 
lived  in  St.  Paul,  but  returned  at  the  latter  date 
and  have  since  lived  in  their  old  home.  There 
were  two  children  by  the  last  marriage.  James  L. 
and  Francis  X.  i  both  are  dead. 

Samuel  Augustin  Goodrich  was  born  in  Ben- 
son, Vermont.  September  lUih,  1827.  In  18:-!2 
his  parents  moved  to  Du  Page  comity,  Illinois. 
He  there  attended  school,  and  in  due  time  entered 
Knox  College,  (ialesburg.  His  health  would  not 
permit  him  to  complete  his  couree  and  he  left 
college.  In  1852,  m  company  with  others,  he 
came  to  this  town  and  made  a  claim  where  his 
familv  now  resides.  In  1854.  and  asiain  in  18.56.  he 


visited  Illinois.  During  the  last  visit  he  married, 
at  Chicago,  His  wfe  was  a  Miss  Adams,  a  na- 
tive of  Enosbnrgh,  Vermont,  born  March  18th, 
1880.  She  came  to  Chicago,  in  1854.  Mr.  Good- 
rich was  the  firet  assessor  for  Hemiepin  county, 
and  held  the  office  of  Justice  of  the  Peace.  He 
died  X'ov.  21st.  1865.  There  were  six  children. 
^Irs.  (xoodrich  still  resides  on  the  old  homestead. 
William  Chadwick  was  born  in  England.  Xov. 
11th,  1824.  He  came  to  America  with  his  parents 
in  182Vt.  and  settled  in  Quebec,  where  they  re- 
mained until  1832.  They  then  removed  to  Kings- 
ton, where  William  attended  school  until  fifteen. 
He  was  employed  afterwards  on  the  steamboats 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  canal  boats  on  the  Ri- 
deau  canal,  until  twenty-two.  when  he  married, 
bought  a  farm,  and  lived  on  it  seven  years.  He 
then  lived  one  year  in  Kingston  before  coming  to 
Minnesota.  He  came  here  in  1854.  and  settled  on 
his  present  farm  in  1869.  He  married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Morris  in  1845.  She  was  Ijorn  in  England. 
January  15th,  1827,  and  ten  children,  of  whom 
eight  are  living,  followed  the  marriage.  Robert, 
Mary  A.,  Hector,  Emma  J.,  Clara  J.,  George  F., 
William  A.,  and  Eddie. 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

J.  L.  Aneel  was  born  in  France,  January  22d, 
1822 ;  served  as  a  soldier  seven  years  in  France  ; 
married  to  Miss  Zelie  Genevry  in  1850  ;  emigrated 
to  America  in  "52  ;  remained  a  short  time  in  New 
York ;  removed  to  Connecticut,  and  staid  four 
years ;  returned  to  Xew  York,  where  they  re- 
mained until  1857,  when  they  removed  to  Minne- 
sota, and  located  in  Bloomington.  In  1874,  pur- 
chased a  farm  on  section  17  :  sold.  1878  ;  rented 
the  farm  on  which  he  now  lives  the  same  year ; 
has  pm-chased  160  acres  in  section  19.  They  have 
five  children. 

T.  T.  Bazley  was  born  in  England,  X'ovember 
28th,  1828;  settled  in  Canada,  1842;  moved  to 
Minnesota,  18.52:  on  his  present  farm  in  1853; 
married,  Septemiier  8.  1857.  to  Miss  Catherine 
Miller,  from  Ireland,  who  died,  X'ovember  10th, 
1859  ;  married  again,  September,  1862,  to  Miss 
Xancy  Stinson,  He  tried  to  enlist  as  a  soldier, 
but  was  rejected.  Children  are.  Phebe,  Kate. 
Jennette,  Tom,  Josephhie,  Lillie  J. 

John  Brown  was  born  in  England,  September 
21.1838:  came  to  America  in  1847.     His  father 


BLOOMINGTON—BIOGBAPKICAL. 


229 


enlisted  in  the  3d  Inft.  of  U.  S.  Regs.,  and  went 
to  Mexico,  his  family  accompanying  him.  In 
1849,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Fort  Snelling, 
where  Mr.  Brown  remained  until  1853,  when 
they  settled  on  a  farm  in  this  Xavm.  John,  in 
1861 ,  enlisted  in  Company  D,  1st  Minnesota  reg- 
iment ;  was  in  the  first  Bull  Run  liattle  ;  mus- 
tered out  in  1864.  The  same  summer  he  was 
sent  as  a  scout  to  Dakota.  Part  of  1865  in  the 
Quartermaster's  department  in  Virginia.  In  the 
fall  of  1865,  married  Anna  M.  Ames,  of  Bloom- 
ington,  and  settled  on  his  present  farm.  They 
have  three  children,  John  A.,  Cora  N.,  and  Wal- 
ter J.  ^Ir.  Brown  has  a  good  farm  valued  at 
S5,000. 

II.  D.  Cmniingham,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of 
the  state,  was  born  in  Augusta  county,  ^'irginia, 
December  13th,  1822.  Came  to  Miiniesota  in 
1856.  Settled  in  Nicollet  county  and  followed 
farming.  JSIarried  Miss  Mary  Ellison  in  1857.  In 
18.58  went  to  Yellow  jSIedicine  and  took  cliarge 
of  the  schools  of  the  Dakota  Mission,  where  he 
remained  until  the  spring  of  1865,  when  he 
moved  to  Minneapolis  and  engaged  in  the  Hour 
and  feed  business.  Located  on  his  present  farm 
in  1874.  Held  the  office  of  town  supervisor  three 
years,  school  director  and  treasurer  for  two  years, 
and  is  now  in  the  employ  of  tlie  American  Tract 
Society  as  colporteur. 

Joseph  Harrison  was  born  in  Ireland,  1815. 
Emigrated  to  Canada  in  1818.  Settled  in  Kings- 
ton. Married  in  1840  to  Miss  H.  Cook,  of  Kings- 
ton. Had  tliirteen  cliildren,  nine  of  whom  are 
living:  Cecilia,  Amelia,  Elizabeth  A.,  Martha  J., 
Frances  May,  Charlotte,  AVilliam  A.,  Harriet  M., 
Clement  D.,  Ilulda  C,  Abbie,  Eva,  Edith  Hope. 
Came  to  Minnesota  in  1854,  and  moved  to  his 
present  home  in  1874.  Has  held  tlie  office  of 
town  supervisor  and  school  director  for  several 
years.    Has  land  valued  at  S7,000. 

J.  W.  Kelley  was  born  in  Williamsburg,  N.  Y., 
June  4th,  1836.  Removed  to  Oneida  county  in 
1856.  Married  in  1859  to  Miss  C.  Joice.  Enlisted 
in  1862  in  Co.  A,  117  N.  Y.  Regt,  2d  division,  and 
was  engaged  in  many  hard-fought  battles  under 
Generals  Butler,  Gilmore,  and  Teiry.  Mustered 
out  in  1865.  Returned  to  Oneida  same  year. 
Moved  to  Iowa  in  1869,  and  to  Minnesota  and 
his  present  farm  in  1874.  They  have  four 
children.  Mr.  Kellev  is  mail  carrier  from  Minne- 


apolis to  Richfield,  Bloomington,  and  Blooming- 
ton  Ferry. 

J.  H.  Kirk  was  born  in  Maryland,  September 
28th,  1827.  Went  to  Ohio  in  1834.  Moved  to 
Sargents  Bluff,  Iowa,  1849;  to  Anoka  county, 
Minnesota,  May,  1851.  Married  in  18.59  to  Miss 
Mary  G.  Smith,  who  was  born  in  "V^ermont,  May 
28th,  1834.  They  settled  on  their  present  farm 
in  1866.  Have  no  children,  but  have  given  homes 
to  three  friendless  girls  and  one  boy.  His  land  is 
valued  at  S3,2uu. 

John  Le  Borius  was  born  in  Germany  in  1844. 
Came  to  America  and  settled  in  St.  Paid  in  18-54. 
Spent  most  of  his  time  until  1861  traveling  as 
cook  and  waiter  with  parties  looking  for  and  lo- 
cating claims.  Employed  by  the  government  as 
wagon-master  and  blacksmith.  Was  with  Gen. 
Sibley's  expedition  against  the  Indians  in  1863. 
On  his  return  was  employed  at  Fort  Snelluig.  In 
1868  made  another  trip  with  Gen.  Mercy  into  Da- 
kota and  the  British  possessions,  inspecting  the 
forts.  In  1869  made  a  trip  witli  Gen.  Hancock, 
inspecting  forts  and  Jocating  new  ones.  1870 
took  the  Fort  Snelling  ferry  and  run  it  four  sea- 
sons. 1877  took  cliarge  of  a  large  farm  in  Mower 
county.    Married,  Dec.  1879,  Miss  L.  M.  Frank. 

Jeremiah  Mahoney,  born  in  Ireland  in  1818. 
Came  to  America  in  ls;«i.  Enlisted  in  1840  in 
the  U.  S.  army,  as  (.Quartermaster  Sergeant,  and 
was  ordered  to  Florida  under  (Tenl.  W.  S.  Harney, 
to  gather  the  Seminole  Indians  and  take  them  to 
the  reservation  in  Arkansas.  Stationed  at  Fort 
Gibson  lour  years.  Ordered  to  JMexico  in  1846. 
Was  through  all  the  battles  of  the  Mexican  war 
under  Gen.  Scott.  Ordered  to  Fort  Snelling,  and 
appointed  Ordnance  Sergeant,  wlieie  lie  remained 
until  the  post  was  sold  to  Franklin  Steele.  Mar- 
ried in  1853  to  Anna  Nevin.  iSIoved  to  his  pres- 
ent farm  in  1858.  In  1861  enlisted  in  the  First 
Minnesota  Regiment  as  Commissary  Sergeant. 
Received  the  appointment  of  Head  Clerk  and 
Cashier  in  Quartermaster's  Dejjartment,  Alexan- 
dria, Va.  In  1864  returned  to  liis  liome.  They 
have  one  child  living,  Martha  \.  Town  Super- 
visor one  year,  and  Justice  of  the  Peace  two  years. 

AV.  J.  McAfee,  proprietor  of  Bloomington  Flour 
Mills,  was  born  in  Ireland  May  8.1S4U.  Came  to 
St.  Johns,  X.  B.,  1843.  Learned  of  liis  father 
the  millwright  and  machinist  trades.  Engaged 
in  tlie  manufacture  of  lumber,  leu  years.     In  1868 


230 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


moved  to  St.  Paul  and  opened  the  City  Iron 
Works;  1869,  took  a  partner,  in  1871.  dissolved 
and  took  in  his  brother,  Hugh  J.;  1877,  bought 
present  properly,  erected  his  mill,  which,  with 
the  improvements  made  from  time  to  time,  makes 
it  a  first  class  country  mill.  Married  in  1.S6.5  to 
Miss  M.  E.  Spencer,  of  St.  Johns,  X.  B.  They 
have  had  six  children. 

Thomas  O.xborough  was  born  in  England,  April 
20,  1814.  His  mother  died  in  1823.  From  that 
time  he  was  obliged  to  earn  his  own  living. 
Married  in  lSo2  to  Miss  Sarah  Parish.  Came  to 
America  in  18.52  and  settled  m  St.  Clair,  Mich. 
In  1853  moved  to  Minnesota,  and  located  on  his 
present  farm.  Put  up  a  small  shantj'  on  his 
claim,  without  doors  or  windows.  Indians  were 
numerous,  sometimes  two  huntli-ed  would  gather 
around,  but  did  no  harm.  Has  two  children, 
Mathew  and  Anna.  He  has  land  valued  at 
.•?i3,0U0,  also  a  large  livery  stable  on  First  street. 
Minneapolis,  valued  at  S8,000. 

Abram  Palmer,  born  in  Eutland.  Vermont. 
October  9th.  182.5.  At  an  early  age  he  moved 
to  Saratoga  county,  Xew  York.  In  18-17,  mar- 
ried to  Miss  A.  Snow.  Moved  to  Illinois  in 
18.50.  and  to  DeKalb  county  in  18.53.  Spring 
of  18.37  moved  to  Minnesota,  and  settled  on  their 
present  farm  :  had  seven  children.  Wilber.  James. 
Mary  E.,  Emily.  Henry,  Laura  and  Abram  F. 
Has  been  Town  Supervisor  six  yeai^s,  Assessor 
five  years. 

J.  T.  Palmer  was  born  in  Saratoga  County.  X. 
v..  August  11th.  1834.  Learned  cabinet  maker.-; 
trade  at  Ballston  Spa.  In  isol  moved  to  De- 
kalb county.  Illinois.  Married  in  18-5t)  to  ^liss 
Mary  E.  Patterson,  of  Peinisylvania.  For  six 
years  he  was  master  carpenter  on  the  St.  P.  & 
P.  R.  R.  Settled  on  his  farm  in  1870.  Have 
five  children  living.  Charles  E..  Robert  P.  AVillie 
P..  Mary  C.  and  Josie  L.  Land  valued  at  85,000. 

"Wilber  Palmer  was  born  in  Saratoga  county. 
X.  Y.,  1822.  Gloved  to  DeKalb  county,  Illinois, 
in  18-50.  Came  to  Minnesota  in  1859,  and  on  his 
present  farm  in  1860.  Married  in  1844  to  Miss 
Margaret  Gray,  of  Saratoga.  He  enlisted  in  the 
Mexican  war,  Company  E,  Third  Regiment  In- 
fantry, and  served  through  the  war.  Mustered 
oat  in  1848.  ilarried  again  in  1853  to  Miss 
Phebe  Hedges,  of  Canada.  Has  eight  children 
living.    Land  valued  at  S3,000. 


P.  M.  Petterson  was  bom  in  Sweden,  March 
6th.  1818.  Came  to  ^Vmerica  in  18.54.  Moved 
from  Xew  York  to  Minnesota  in  18.5.5,  and  set- 
tled in  Dakota  cotmty.  Moved  to  his  present 
farm  in  1866.  >ilarried  in  184-5  to  Miss  Gustava 
Johnson.  Divorced  in  1873.  Married  again  in 
same  year  to  Miss  II.  Johnson.  Have  four 
children.  Albert.  Charles  T..  Amia  M..  and  Ida. 

J.  D.  Scofleld  was  born  in  Cortland  county, 
X.  Y.,  August  29th.  1828.  Moved  to  Seneca 
county,  in  1847.  Engaged  in  the  lumber  trade 
until  1849  when  he  came  to  Saint  Paul.  Moved 
to  Washington  county  in  18.51,  and  remained  un- 
tU  18.53.  when  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sophia 
Cook.  Settled  on  his  present  farm  same  year. 
Had  four  children.  Charles  E..  Lester  II..  Alice 
M..  and  Florence.  Wife  died  September  22,  "61. 
Married  again  April  14th,  1865,  to  Miss  C.  S. 
Damon.  They  have  had  three  children,  Cora  E.. 
Mabel  Y..  and  Carl  S.  Supervisor  for  five  years. 
One  of  the  charter  members  of  the  Farmers" 
Grange,  organized  in  1874. 

F.  (4.  Staudish.  born  in  Benson.  Vermont. 
July  10,  1834.  Moved  to  Xew  York  in  1836.  To 
Illinois  in  1848.  To  Minnesota  in  1856.  Made  a 
claim  seven  miles  west  of  Rockford.  Wright  Coun- 
ty, in  1858.  Drafted  in  1862,  and  furnished  a  sub- 
stitute. Sold  his  farm  same  year  and  moved  to 
tins  town.  Married  in  1863  to  Miss  C.  Harrison, 
and  settled  on  his  present  farm  in  1868.  Have 
four  diildi-en.  He  was  one  of  the  volimteer  com- 
pany that  went  to  Fort  Ridgely  in  1862. 

Garritt  A'an  Xess.  Jr..  l)orn  in  Canada.  Feb- 
ruary 23,  1836.  Came  to  Miiniesota  and  settled 
in  Bloomuigton  in  1865,  and  on  Ills  present  farm 
in  1875.  Married  hi  1862  to  Miss  Mary  ilorris. 
He  is  a  carpenter  and  boat  builder  by  trade. 
Keeps  a  sportsmaus  station,  acting  as  guide,  and 
furnishing  boats  for  duck  hunting.  June  29, 
1877.  a  cyclone  passed  over  his  place  and  destroy- 
ed every  building  he  had.    Land  valued  82,-500. 

Wm.  West.  Jr.,  born  in  England.  February 
28.1847.  Came  to  America  and  settled  in  Xew 
York  m  18.52.  Went  to  Will  county,  Illinois,  in 
1855.  To  Anoka  county  Minnesota  in  1856, 
where  his  father  pre-empted  a  farm  which  he 
still  owns.  Married  in  1872  to  Miss  Mary  Kell 
of  this  township.  Moved  to  his  present  farm, 
in  1863.  They  have  three  children,  Leona,  Fannie, 
G..  Ewing  AV.    Land  valued  at  82000. 


EDEN  PRAIRIE— GENERAL  DESCRIPTION. 


231 


EDEN  PRAIRIE. 


CHAPTER  XXXYIII. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION — EARLY  SETTLERS — 
TOWN  ORGANIZATION— INDIAN  BATTLE — 
SCHOOLS— CHURCHES RAILROADS STATIS- 
TICS-BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Edeii  Prairie  is  situated  on  the  Minnesota  Riv- 
er, wliicli  forms  its  entire  southern  boundary. 
The  face  of  tlie  country  is  mainly  rolling  and  hilly. 
This  is  the  character  of  tlie  nortliern  and  middle 
portions.  The  name,  however,  arose  from  the 
southern  portion,  which  consists  of  a  prairie.  The 
town  was  named,  in  18.53,  by  a  Mrs.  Elliot,  who 
gave  it  the  name  Eden,  in  expressing  her  admi- 
ration of  this  beautiful  prairie.  It  has  many 
lakes  and  some  marshes.  Tlie  lakes  are  charac- 
terized by  the  usual  gravelly  shores  and  high 
banks  that  render  the  lakes  of  the  county  so 
beautiful.  It  is  watered  by  several  small  streams. 
Mill  Creek,  the  largest,  rises  in  Minnetonka.  Hows 
across  tlie  town  from  north  to  soutli,  through 
Staring  Lake  and  empties  into  the  Minnesota 
River.  The  whole  township  is  fertile  and  well 
adapted  to  grain.  At  (me  time  it  iiroduced 
more  wheat  than  any  other  town  in  Hen- 
nepin county.  Ill  the  nortliern.  or  lirush-laiid 
portion  of  the  town,  the  soil  is  a  dark  loam  with 
clay  subsoil.  The  prairie  has  a  deeper  and  riclier 
soil.  Heavy  timber  is  found  in  the  extreme 
north-west  and  south-west  and  lighter  on  the 
hilly  land.  Eden  Prairie  is  a  farming  town  and 
contains  no  village. 

EARLY   SETTLERS. 

The  town  was  first  settled  in  1(S.52,  by  John 
McKenzie,  David  Livingston,  Alexander  Gould, 
Hiram  Abbott.  Samuel  Mitchell,  Sr.,  and  sons, 
R.  Neill,  Aaron  Gould,  and  others.  Mr.  Abbott 
made  the  first  claim  on  the  nortli  part  of  the 
prairie,  immediately  after  the  treaty,  with  pur- 
chase of  land,  was  made  with  tlie  Dahkotas,  in 


1851.  Mr.  McKenzie's  claim  was  in  the  southern 
part  of  the  town  near  the  river,  on  sections  34 
and  35.  In  company  with  Hon,  Alexander  "Wil- 
kin, then  secretary  of  the  territory,  and  others, 
he  platted  a  village,  and  called  it  Hennepin. 
This  was  on  the  Minnesota  river,  at  his  claim. 
A  hotel,  store  and  a  few  residences  were  built. 
It  was  at  one  time  the  chief  shipping  point  for 
grain,  which  was  taken  in  the  small  steamers 
that  plied  up  and  down  the  Minnesota  river. 
Like  many  a  projected  city  of  the  West,  it  failed 
to  flourish,  and  was  abandoned. 

TOWN   ORGANIZATION. 

Previous  to  tlie  state  organization,  Hiram  Ab- 
bott was  appointed  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and 
William  O.  Collins,  Constable,  in  1854,  under 
the  territorial  government.  These  were  the  only 
officers  previous  to  the  town  organization. 

The  township  was  organized  in  18.58,  and  the 
first  town  meeting  lield  on  the  eleventh  of  May, 
in  the  old  school  house.  The  following  officers 
were  elected  : 

Supervisors,  Aaron  (iould.  chairman  ;  Robert 
Anderson  and  William  O.  Collins.  Clerk,  Will- 
iam H.  Rouse.  Collector,  A.  K.  lililler.  Asses- 
sor, William  J.  Jarrett.  Overseer  of  Poor,  John 
Keeley.  Justices,  William  O.  Collins  and  James 
Gamble.  Constables,  A.  K.  Miller  and  Arch. 
Anderson.  The  total  expense  of  the  town  for 
the  first  year  was  .S55.04. 

The  town  officers  for  1880,  were  :  Super\'isors, 
William  Hurlbut.  chairman ;  William  Andrews 
and  Aaron  S.  Xeill.  Clerk,  William  O.  Collins. 
Assessor,  George  N.  (iibbs.  Treasurer,  Sheldon 
Smith. 

EARLY  EVENTS. 

The  first  child  of  white  parentage  born  in  the 
town,  was  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pauley  Butterfield, 
and  died  in  infancy.  Tlie  first  marriage  was 
William  Chambers  and  Martha  Mitchell,  in  the 


232 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


winter  of  1852-3.  Neither  are  living.  The  first 
woman  to  live  in  thisto^\ii  was  Miss  Jane  Mitch- 
ell, now  Mrs.  Frank  Warner,  of  Carver.  She 
came  in  1852,  to  keep  house  for  her  father  and 
brothers,  before  the  arrival  of  the  other  members 
of  the  family.  The  farm  wliere  they  located,  on 
section  17,  is  now  owned  by  the  heirs  of  Fred. 
Miller. 

INDI.\N    B.\TTLE. 

On  the  27th  of  May,  1858,  only  a  few  days 
subsequent  to  the  organization  of  the  town,  a 
fearful  Indian  battle  was  fought,  ■\\hich  was 
\yitnessed  by  several  of  the  settlers.  It  took 
place  between  the  old  enemies,  the  Sioux  and 
Chippwas.  near  Murphy"s  ferry  in  the  southern 
part  of  the  town.  The  Chippewas  wished  to 
avenge  a  murder,  committed  the  fall  previous  near 
Crow  Wing  by  the  Sioux.  In  furtherance  of  their 
plan,  the  Chippewas  formed  an  ambush  among  the 
hills  on  the  north  side  of  the  ferry.  The  Sioux 
were  encamped  on  the  south  side.  The  Chippe- 
was numbered  about  two  hundred  warriors,  the 
Sioux,  only  sixty  or  seventy.  The  Chippewas 
therefore  counted  on  an  easy  victory.  The  contest 
began  at  early  daA\ii  by  a  detachment  of  Chippe- 
was firhigupon  a  fishing  party  of  Sioux,  who  had 
unsuspectmgly  crossed  to  the  north  side.  This 
roused  the  Sioux  camp  and  they  took  possession 
of  the  ferry  so  promptly,  as  to  cross  and  come  on 
the  Chippewas  at  the  banks  of  Big  Creek  and  get 
into  cover  in  their  near  vicinity  before  they  could 
be  repelled.  The  Chippewas  finding  theirambush 
a  failure,  made  several  attempts  to  dislodge  their 
foes  by  strong  detachments,  but  without  success. 
The  Sioux,  though  inferior  in  numbers,  fought 
with  characteristic  vigor  and  desperation,  and 
about  10  o'clock  in  the  morning  completely  routed 
the  Chippewas.  The  number  killed  is  not  known 
but  Noonday,  a  youngchief  of  the  Chippewas,  fell 
and  his  body  was  horribly  mutilated  by  Wau-ma- 
nung,  chief  of  the  Sioux.  Phillip  Collins,  who 
was  an  eye  witness,  states  that  the  Sioux  chief 
cut  the  heart  from  his  fallen  foe  and  drank  of  its 
blood,  then,  after  taking  the  scalp,  cut  off  the 
head  and  carried  it  on  a  pole  to  the  Sioux  camp 
near  Shakopee.  Then  the  victory  was  celebrated 
by  a  scalp  dance,  lasting  several  days,  character- 
ized by  their  usual  barbarities.  The  body  of  the 
young  chief  was  burned. 


After  the  fight,  Mr.  Collins  found  in  a  pouch 
containing  the  pipe.  '-Kiunickinnick."  etc.,  of  a 
fallen  Chippewa,  a  rude  map  on  birch  bark,  which 
bore,  besides  the  localities  of  hills,  lakes  and 
rivers  of  that  vicinity,  several  mysterious  char- 
acters, among  them  figures  representing  cows, 
others  foxes,  etc.  It  is  unfortunate  that  this 
relic  was  lost. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  house  was  built  in  1854.  It 
was  built  of  tamarac  logs  and  finished  ^\-ith  bass- 
wood  lumber.  In  size  it  was  18x24  feet.  This 
was  the  second  school  house  built  in  Hennepin 
county.  Miss  Sarali  Clark  taught  during  the 
summer  of  1854,  which  was  the  opening  term  of 
the  school.  This  old  house,  which  long  served 
as  school  house,  church  and  town  hall,  wastorn 
down  in  1873,  and  in  its  stead  was  built  the  pres- 
ent structure.  It  is  a  neat  frame  building,  20x30 
feet,  on  the  east  line  of  section  20.  district  number 
56.  The  town  sustains  schools  in  four  entire 
districts  and  forms  part  of  two  joint  districts  with 
Minnetonka,  all  furnished  with  substantial  school 
houses. 

CHUKCHES. 

The  earliest  report  of  religious  instruction  is  of 
the  preaching  of  Rev.  Gideon  H.  Pond,  in  the 
spring  of  1854,  at  the  house  of  Hiram  Abbott. 
Meetings  were  afterward  held  at  the  house  of  J. 
Staring,  and.  later,  in  the  old  log  school  house. 
The  Eev.  Edward  Eggleston  preached  in  the 
school  house  several  times  during  the  early  part 
of  his  ministry.  Three  churches  are  now  sustained 
in  the  town.  The  Methodist  Episcopal.  I'nited 
Presbyterian  and  Episcopal.  The  first  effort 
toward  the  establishment  of  a  Methodist  society 
was  the  forming  of  a  class  by  Rev.  J.  E.  Bell. 
He  was  soon  succeeded  by  Rev.  Mr.  Stephenson. 
For  several  years  the  society  was  small,  but  gained 
numerical  strength  with  the  development  of  the 
town.  In  1871.  a  church  was  built  in  section  21. 
near  the  site  of  the  old  school  house.  The  society 
now  numbers  about  sixty  members  and  has  a  floiu-- 
ishing  Sunday  School. 

The  United  Presbyterian  Church  was  organized 
m  1858,  by  Rev.  Alex.  McHatton.  a  missionary, 
who  remained  about  two  years.  Several  changes 
occurred  during  the  next  few  years.  Rev.  A.  B. 
Coleman  was  stationed  herein  1868.     He  was  the 


EDEN  PRAIRIE-MILL,  STORES,  ETC. 


233 


first  stated  pastor  and  remained  until  1871,  when 
he  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  J.  L.  Whitley,  wlio 
remained  three  years.  Eev.  James  Rogers  was 
stationed  here  in  1874  and  remained  mitil  1878, 
when  lie  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  S.  T.  Ilerron, 
the  present  pastor.  Tlie  elders  of  the  church  are 
Samuel  Anderson,  James  Claris  and  James  Gam- 
ble. The  church  edifice  is  a  comfortable  frame 
building  28x40  feet,  located  in  tlie  nortlnvest  part 
of  section  26.  It  was  built  in  part,  in  1869,  and 
finished  in  1879.  The  society  numbers  fifty-three 
and  Sunday  School  sixty-five.  The  average  at- 
tendance at  tlie  Sunday  School  is  forty. 

Episcopal,  St.  John's  Church.  The  first  organ- 
ization of  this  society  was  in  1864.  It  was,  how- 
ever, re-organized  in  1873,  in  consequence  of  the 
failure  to  record  the  first  organization.  The 
church  is  a  very  neat  wooden  structure,  22x34 
feet.  It  was  originally  built  in  Clianhassen, 
Carver  county,  about  the  year  1860,  and  in  1868, 
was  moved  to  its  present  location  on  section  27. 
The  first  pastor  was  Rev.  John  Fitch.  The  pres- 
ent pastor.  Rev.  William  Powell,  has  officiated 
since  1873.  The  officers  of  the  society  are  Will- 
iam J.  Jarrett,  senior  warden,  and  George  V. 
Hawkins,  junior  warden.  The  present  member- 
ship is  about  twenty,  and  a  Sunday  School  is 
maintained. 

MILL. 

A  grist-mill,  on  section  26,  on  ilill  Creek,  is  the 
only  establishment  of  the  kind  in  the  town.  It 
was  built  by  Dr.  Nathan  Stanton  in  1861,  and  be- 
gan to  run  in  1862.  Isaac  Crow  bought  the  mill 
the  next  year,  and  operated  it  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  1872.  James  Till  bought  it 
of  the  heirs,  and  sold  it  in  1878  to  its  present 
owner,  J.  Balme.  It  has  two  runs  of  stone,  and 
has  used  water  power  wholly  initil  within  three 
years.  Low  water  has  since  compelled  the  par- 
tial use  of  steam. 

STORES,  HOTELS,  ETC. 

The  first  store  in  town  was  built  by  Howe  & 
Dunn,  at  the  proposed  village  of  Hennepin,  in 
1854.  In  the  same  year  a  building  was  erected 
near  the  mill,  for  the  double  purpose  of  store  and 
hotel,  by  Mr.  Dudley.  The  property  soon  passed 
into  the  hands  of  A.  I.  Apgar.  He  kept  open 
the  hotel  but  closed  the  store,  and  it  continued 
thus  until  destroyed  by  fire  in  1867.     A  small 


store  was  also  opened  in  the  fall  of  1880  at  the 
station,  by  Jacob  Rankins.  A  postoftice  was  es- 
tablished in  1854,  with  J.  Staring  as  first  post^ 
master.  Mr.  Staring  held  the  office  fourteen 
years.  His  son,  M.  S.  Staring,  carried  the  mail 
to  and  from  Bloomington.  This  was  six  miles 
distant,  and  the  nearest  point  on  the  old  stage 
line.  He  made  weekly  trips  for  eighteen  months, 
and  received  for  his  services  for  the  entire  time, 
twelve  dollars.  This  office  is  kept  at  present  by 
H.  Goodrich,  who  also  has  a  store,  established 
nine  years  ago. 

IIAILKOADS. 

The  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  railroad  enters 
the  town  on  the  north,  near  the  northwest  corner 
of  section  3,  and  passes  out  at  the  southwest, 
through  section  30.  The  dep(rt  is  situated  near 
the  middle  of  the  town,  on  section  17.  A  second 
postoftice  is  located  near  the  deimt,  called  AVash- 
burn.  The  track  of  this  road  was  laiil  and  the 
station  built  in  November,  1871.  The  first  agent 
was  R.  O.  Reed,  who  continued  until  June  16th. 
1872,  when  the  present  agent  took  the  position. 
Another  railroad,  the  Hastings  &  Dakota  Cut 
Off,  passes  through  the  northwestern  part  of  the 
town,  built  in  1880. 

STATISTICS. 

Total  number  of  acres  in  the  township,  19,783. 
Assessed  valuation  of  land  in  1869,  887,373;  in 
1875,  S174,766;  in  1880,  $266,303.  Personal  prop- 
erty in  1869,  826,737:  in  1875,  830.116:  in  1880, 
838,293.  Total  taxes  in  1869,  82,314;  in  1875, 
$2,486;  in  1880,  $2,412.  Horses  over  two  years 
old  in  1869,  156;  inl875.2.30:  in  1880,  284.  Cattle 
over  two  years  old  in  ISOO,  448;  in  1875,  564;  in 
1880,498.  Sheep  in  1869,  500;  in  1875,  112;  in 
1880,  391.  Hogs  in  1869,  125;  in  1875,  112;  in 
1880,  313.  Wheat  in  1869,  22,593  bushels;  in 
1875,  28,107  bushels;  in  1880,  acreage,  3,509. 
The  population  by  the  census  of  1880  is  749. 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Prominent  among  the  early  settlers  here  are 
the  Andersons,  three  generations  of  whom  are 
now  living  in  the  town,  and  niunber  upwards  of 
one  hundred.  Robert  Anderson  was  born 
in  Knocknabossett,  county  Cavan,  Ireland,  in 
1824.  Remained  with  his  father  until  the  age 
of  twenty-six,  being  employed  in  milling  and 


234 


HISTORY  OF  HESNEPiy  COUNTY. 


farming.  In  1850  came  to  America,  arriving  at 
(Galena,  Illinois,  November  5th,  where  he  spent 
four  yeare  farming.  Came  to  Minnesota.  April. 
1854.  first  stopping  inBloominglon.  then  to  Eden 
Prairie  where  he  has  since  resided.  February. 
1850.  married  Miss  Mary  J.  Hill,  daughter  of 
John  and  Elizabeth  Hill,  of  Ireland.  From  this 
union  nine  children  \\  ere  born  ;  Tliose  now  liv- 
ing: John  H..  Samuel  G..  Robert  J..  Mary 
J..  Anna  E..  Joseph  M..  Margaret  E.  and 
Agnes  E.  When  he  came  to  this  region  there 
was  but  one  store  in  ^linneapolis  on  the  west 
side,  and  no  settler  between  Fort  Snelling  and 
Bloominglon  except  Rev.  Gideon  H.  Pond  and  one 
Frencli  family.  Into  this  wilderness  he  brought 
his  family  by  way  of  the  Minnesota  River  on  the 
rickety  little  steamer  lola.  This  little  craft  be- 
came partially  disabled  on  the  way  up.  obliging 
the  passengers  to  carry  wood  and  \^ater  to  keep 
her  in  motion.  This  pastime  was  indulged  in 
several  times  during  the  journey  from  St.  Paul. 
to  the  general  annoyance  of  the  passengers.  !Mr. 
Anderson  has  been  prominent  in  matters  of  ed- 
ucation, temperance  and  Christianity:  now  has  a 
son  in  the  University  fitting  for  the  ministry. 

William  Anderson  was  born  January  1st,  18:^7, 
in  North  Ireland.  When  sixteen  yeare  old,  his 
father,  a  prosperous  cottager  and  mill  owner, 
died,  and  in  1854  William  came  with  the  family 
to  America,  settling  in  Jo  Davies  county.  Illinois, 
where  he  attended  school  one  year,  then  went  to 
Galena  to  work  in  a  stt)re.  where  lie  remained 
until  tlie  fall  of  185-5.  when  he  came  to  Minnesota 
crcssing  the  Mississiy)pi  at  Fort  Snelling.  and 
went  to  Eden  Prairie.  His  niniher  made  a  home- 
stead claim  of  the  farm  he  now  occupies,  on  sec- 
tion l;^  and  14.  where  she  lived  to  see  the  third 
generation  of  her  family  :  103  grandchildren  and 
I  .'^  great  grandchildren.  She  died  in  March.  1878. 
William  Anderson  married  Miss  Rachel  ^litchell. 
April  listh.  18.58.  They  have  eleven  children; 
Harvey.  Martha  A..  Lizzie  R..  Ida  E..  Fannie, 
Loretta  II..  Jennie  L..  Julia  M..  Alfred  W..  Ar- 
thur H.  IL.  and  Alice  P.  He  has  been  active  in 
educational  and  religious  matters  and  largely  in- 
terested in  the  erection  of  the  three  churches  in 
Uie  township.  Was  one  of  a  few  who  hewed  and 
hauled  the  logs  for  the  first  school-house  in  his 
district,  in  1856.  Two  of  his  children  are  now 
attending  the  High  School  in  Minneapolis. 


James  Anderson  was  bom  in  the  same  town 
in  Ireland,  as  his  brothers  Robert  and  William. 
His  early  life,  like  that  of  his  brothers,  was  de- 
voted to  milling  and  farming.  In  1852  he  came 
to  America.  Lived  one  year  in  Hanover.  Illinois. 
In  1853  came  to  Minnesota  and  located  where  he 
has  since  lived,  on  section  14.  In  common  with 
other  pioneer  settlers,  he  staked  out  his  ■■claim."" 
which  he  siibse(|uently  secured  by  pre-emption 
and  entry.  In  the  spring  of  1854  brought  his 
family  from  Illinois,  coming  from  St.  Paul  on  the 
steamer  lola.  Was  married  February  irtth.  1852. 
to  Miss  Sarah  Hicks,  of  Cavau  county,  Ireland. 
Have  had  nine  children.  Robert  IL,  Eliza  J.. 
John  W..  Tliomas.  Matilda.  James.  David  H., 
Robert,  and  a  son  who  died  in  infancy. 

John  II.  .Vuderson  was  born  at  Camp  Creek, 
near  Galena.  Illinois.  November  7th,  18.50.  When 
four  yeais  of  age  he  came  with  his  parents  to 
Eden  Prairie  and  remained  witli  his  father  until 
the  age  of  twenty-three,  receiving  a  common 
school  education,  with  one  term  at  the  graded 
school  in  Excelsior.  Married  January  2d.  1874. 
to  Miss  Ida  E.,  daughter  of  Aaron  and  Matilda 
Gould.  Has  two  children.  Edward  W..  and  Jen- 
nie G.  Owns  a  good  farm  one  mile  east  of  Eden 
Prairie  station. 

AVilliam  V.  Bryant,  for  manv  veare  a  resident 
of  Eden  Prairie,  was  born  in  Saco,  York  county. 
Maine.  March  21s1.1n21.  Is  a  lineal  descendant 
of  Stephen  Br>ant.  of  the  old  Plymouth  colonies, 
and  of  the  same  family  line  with  AVilliam  CuUen 
Bryant.  His  father.  John  Bryant,  was  a  seafar- 
ing man.  and  died  in  1820.  At  the  age  of  thir- 
teen. William  went  to  Salem  and  learned  the  sad- 
dlers" trade,  remaining  until  1836.  then  sought 
adventure  upon  the  ocean,  his  first  service  being 
with  Commodore  M.  C.  Perry,  of  the  steamer 
Fulton,  the  first  steamer  built  by  the  U.  S.  gov- 
ernment. Also  sailed  on  the  ships  Admiral  and 
Henry  Clay :  was  three  yeai-s  on  the  whaler 
America,  in  Pulaski  Bay,  Prussian  possessions. 
During  eighteen  years  of  ocean  life,  visited  many 
places  of  historic  interest,  sailing  around  the 
world,  and  encountering  many  thrilling  adven- 
tures and  remarkable  preservations.  In  1852, 
abandoned  ocean  life,  and  in  May.  was  married  to 
Miss  Hannah  Shepherd,  of  Boston.  Mass.  Six  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  them:  Sarah  L.,  Blanche 
M..  Martha  A..  WiUiam  M..  Rose  A.,  and  John 


EBEN  PBAIRIE—BIOGBAPHICAL. 


235 


M.,  only  four  of  whom  are  living.  Came  to  St. 
Paul  in  July,  1852;  remained  one  year,  then 
removed  to  St.  Anthony,  remainin;^  there  for 
eight  months,  then  removed  to  his  iireseut  loea- 
tion. 

Nathaniel  Brown  has  lieen  a  resident  of  Min- 
nesota since  1855,  and  of  Hennepin  county  since 
1874.  Was  bom  in  Tranklin  county,  N.  Y.,  Nov. 
iith,  1825,  and  in  early  childhood  accompanied 
liis  parents  to  Indiana,  from  which  place  the 
family  removed  to  Fulton  county,  Illinois,  in 
18-10.  Soon  after  this,  his  father  died  and  he  went 
with  the  family  to  Des  Moines  county,  Iowa,  where 
he  remained  on  a  farm  iox  aliout  nine  years.  !Marcli 
10th,  1853,  married  Miss  Harriet  N.  Van  Nice. 
Have  had  eight  children,  seven  of  whom  are  liv- 
ing: Rosa  Belle,  Stephen  E.,  Frank  A.,  Clara  L.. 
Sadie,  Oscar  II..  and  Cliarles  L.  He  entered  the 
army  in  186-t,  enlisting  in  Co.  A.,  4th  Minn.  Inf. 
Veterans.  Was  with  the  regiment  through  Sher- 
man's march  to  the  sea.  Received  his  discharge 
at  Louisville,  Ky.;  in  1865.  Returned  to  his 
family  in  Scott  county,  where  lie  liad  removed 
from  Iowa  in  1855,  remained  tliere  until  1874, 
when  he  sold  his  farm  and  located  at  his  present 
place. 

James  A,  Brown,  is  a  native  of  Cavan  county, 
Ireland,  where  he  was  born,  July  8,  1849.  His 
father,  who  was  a  farmer,  kept  him  at  scliool 
until  sixteen  years  of  age.  In  the  fall  of  1866 
the  family  came  to  America,  locating  near  (ialena, 
Illinois,  and  the  following  year,  removed  to  Eden 
Prairie.  In  1875,  bought  the  farm  lie  now  lives 
on,  five  miles  east  of  Shakopee,  on  the  nortli 
bank  of  the  Minnesota  river.  Married  Jliss 
Mary  X.  Dean.  March  21,  1877;  have  two  child- 
ren, Edward  J.  and  William  R.  Mr.  and  ]Mrs. 
Brown  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church 
and  take  a  lively  interest  in  educational  matters. 

AVilliam  O.  Collins,  who  tigures  conspicuously 
in  the  early  history  of  Eden  Prairie,  is  a  native 
of  Canada.  Was  born  December  6,1812.  Until 
eighteen  years  of  age  remained  with  his  parents, 
on  the  farm,  and  when  twenty  years  of  age  went 
to  Vermont,  remaining  there  one  year,  then  to 
New  York,  learning  the  canienter"s  trade,  fol- 
lowing it  for  two  years.  Returned  to  Canada 
and  married  Miss  Isabella  Latta,  December  27, 
1836.  Of  eight  children  the  result  of  this  union, 
three  are  now  living.    Entered  the  British  army 


in  1837,  during  the  Rebellion  in  Canada,  and 
remained  in  her  Majesty's  service  two  years. 
Removed  to  Massachusetts  in  1842.  remained  two 
years,  went  back  to  Canada  where  he  remained 
until  1854,  when  he  sought  a  home  in  the  West, 
locating  in  Hennepin  county  in  1855,  on  the  farm 
where  he  now  lives.  In  1866  his  liuildings,  valued 
at  S3.U00,  were  destroyeil  l>y  fire.  Mr.  ('i)llins 
is  a  member  of  the  M.  E.  Chuicli  and  still  active 
in  all  public  affairs. 

James  Clark  was  born  Marcli  17, 1836,  in  Don- 
egal county,  Ireland,  and  came  with  his  parents 
to  America  in  1843.  The  journey  here  was  one 
of  extreme  peril,  and  well-nigh  proved  fatal. 
The  steamer  they  emltarked  on.  encountered  a 
severe  storm  and  was  beached  on  the  Isle  of  Man  ; 
sailed  to  Liverpool,  and  from  there  to  America, 
landing  at  New  York.  August  1843,  located  in 
Brooklyn,  where,  after  leaving  school,  James  was 
engaged  in  carpenter  work  until  1855,  when  the 
family  came  to  Minnesota,  settling  in  Eden 
Prairie.  James  remained  in  St.  Paul,  at  his  trade 
for  about  two  years,  after  which  he  went  to  New 
York  and  in  1861  married  Miss  Prudence  Sterritt, 
who  bore  him  ten  children,  all  living  except  one. 
Returned  to  Minnesota  in  1862.  and.  leaving  his 
family  here,  went  South  and  was  employed  at  his 
trade  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department  of 
Maj.  General  Thomas'  command.  In  1864.  went 
to  Illinois  in  tlie  employment  of  the  Chicago  and 
Alton  R.  R.  Co.  April  1865,  went  to  St.  Louis, 
and  Sedalia.  Missouri,  returning  to  his  family  in 
October.  In  1868  went  to  Tennessee,  remained 
there  sixteen  months.  After  the  death  of  his 
father,  in  1878,  he  settled  on  tlie  old  homestead, 
where  he  has  since  remained. 

John  Cavanaugh  was  born  in  King's  county, 
Ireland,  June,  1831,  and  lived  with  his  father  un- 
til twenty-two  years  of  age  ;  came  to  America ; 
spent  one  year  on  Long  Island,  tlien  tried  the 
fortunes  of  the  sea,  sailing  on  the  •'  James  Ad- 
gers  "  and  the  "  Nashville,"  plying  between  South 
Carolina  and  New  York.  After  this,  spent  two 
years  at  Cooperstown,  and  in  1857  i-ame  to  St. 
Paul ;  from  there  to  Shakopee,  where  he  remamed 
eighteen  months.  1858,  married  Miss  Ellen  Mo- 
riarty.  Twelve  children  have  l)een  born  to  them. 
The  living  are  George  S.,  John  R.,  Henry,  Mary 
L.,  James  O.,  Charles  A.,  Eugene  F.,  and  Ellen 
A.    In  1858,  purchased  the  farm  where  he  now 


236 


HISTOEY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


lives,  which  is  pleasantly  situated  north  of  Lake 
Riley. 

"William  ¥.  IIull)eit  was  born  in  Pittsfield. 
Michigan,  in  1837  ;  removed  with  his  parents  to 
Ann  Arbor  in  1854 ;  attended  school  one  year, 
then  engaged  in  farming  until  1861,  when  lie 
came  to  Eden  Prairie,  and  bought  a  tract  of  land. 
In  the  fall  returned  to  Michigan,  and  in  Decem- 
ber, 1863,  married  Miss  Rachel  Booth,  of  Lodi, 
Michigan,  who  has  borne  him  two  children.  Has 
been  active  in  educational  matters,  and  several 
times  a  menil)er  of  the  town  board.  His  pleas- 
ant farm  residence,  is  about  one  mile  from  the 
station  of  Eden  Prairie. 

"William  J.  Jarrett  was  born  September  14Ui. 
1823,  in  Lehigh  county.  Pennsylvania ;  attended 
the  Moravian  school  until  tifteen  years  of  age. 
In  1838.  removed  to  x^llentown.  and  engaged  in 
farming  until  1840  ;  went  to  Philadelphia  as  cur- 
rier, for  a  short  time ;  thence  to  Mauch  Cliunk, 
following  the  same  trade  until  the  spring  of  1857, 
when  lie  came  to  St.  Anthony,  and  engaged  witli 
his  brother  in  the  Jarrett  House,  for  a  short  time  ; 
thence  to  Eden  Prairie.  "Wliile  in  Pennsylvania, 
married  Miss  Susan  Detwiler.  of  Maneh  Chunk  : 
has  had  six  cliildren.  live  of  wliom  are  living. 
Has  been  a  been  a  menil)er  of  the  town  lioard 
several  times. 

II.  E.  Lowell,  is  a  native  nf  New  Hampshire. 
Born  in  Sullivan  county,  February  6th.  "25.  Re- 
ceived an  academic  education,  attending  school  at 
"West  Boylston,  and  completed  Ids  studies  at  "Wil- 
braliam.  Mash.  Was  principal  of  the  Academy  at 
Colebrook.  Ot..  for  two  years.  In  1853  came  to 
Hudson,\V is.,  thence  to  St.  Paul,where  he  engaged 
in  dairy  liusiuess  with  L.  t\  <  'ollins.  In  the  spring 
of  1854  he  made  a  lumiestead  claim  in  t'arver  coun- 
ty, in  the  town  of  Chanhassen.  and  engaged  in 
farming  and  stock-raising  until  1863  ;  sold,  and 
moved  to  Excelsior,  spending  six  years  in  the  em- 
ploy of  tlie  Xortliwestern  Life  Insurance  Co. 
Then  went  to  fruit-growing.  After  a  few  years 
of  experimental  culture,  enlarged  his  business  by 
purchasing  the  farm  on  which  he  now  lives,  one 
and  a  half  miles  southwest  from  Eden  Praire 
Station.  Planted  ten  acres  to  trees,  and  has  been 
very  successful  in  developing  some  choice  varie- 
ties of  apples  and  small  fruits.  Married,  in  18.5:2, 
Miss  Maria  Holmau.  of  Wilbraham,  Mass.  Had 
five  children,  four  now  living. 


Andrew  "W.  Mitchell  was  born  in  Bally  Bay, 

I  Monaghan  county.  Ireland,  February  14th,  1831. 

Came  with  liis  father's  family  to- America  in  18.52, 

I  arriving  at  New  Orleans  May  1  st.  Came  from  there 

i  to  St.  Anthony  by  steamer.    In  July  his  father 

1  made  claims  in  Eden  Prairie,  upon  whicli  they 

I  settled  in  the  fall.    His  father  died  January  10, 

1866.    The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  married 

September  10,  1857,  to  Miss  Francis  Anderson. 

I  They  have  live  children.  Elizabeth  A.,  Andrew 

"W.  Jr..  Martha  J..  Fanny  and  Henry  H.     Their 

pleasant  rural  home  is  in  the  central  part  of  the 

I  town,  and  north  of  Staring  Lake. 

Thomas  Ohm.  was  born  in  (iermany.  February 
10th.  1829.  lived  with  his  parents  until  the  age  of 
fifteen,  and  came  to  America  in  '48,  stopped  in  Mil- 
waukee a  short  time  ;  tlience  to  Galena,  Illinois, 
where  he  remained  for  two  years.  Came  to  Min- 
nesota in  1851 :  located  in  Carver  county,  after- 
wards removed  to  Eden  Prairie.  Was  married 
1  June.  1856.  to  Miss  Mary  Easier  of  Illinois. 
They  have  had  eleven  children ;  six  are  now 
hving:  Chas.  T..  Mary  A..  Alfred  IL,  JohnH., 
I  Mary  M..  and  Anna  L.  He  enlisted  August, 
1864.  in  Company  F.  11th  Miiniesota  "\'olunteers, 
was  in  General  Thomas'  cumniand  eleven  months : 
returned  in  1865.  when  he  sold  his  farm  in 
Carver  county  and  bought  land  adjoining  his 
Eden  Prairie  home  on  section  6. 

William  B.  Paine,  was  born  in  Somerset  county, 
Maine.  September  loth,  1814.  He  lived  witli  his 
father,  and  attended  school  until  he  reached  the 
age  of  twenty-one.  In  1855.  he  came  to  ^linne- 
sota,  and  pre-empted  the  farm  on  which  his  son 
I  Ezra  now  lives.  He  has  owned  several  tracts  of 
land  in  Eden  Prairie.  In  .March.  1840.  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Rci.sanna  Kempton.  of  Maine; 
she  died  in  1868.  They  had  six  children,  three  of 
whom  are  now  living. 

Peter  Ritchie,  was  born  in  Canada.  October  19. 
1828.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two,  went  toCoUin- 
wood  and  engaged  in  mercantile  business,  then 
removed  to  Pickering,  and  established  a  whole- 
sale cigar  house.  Married  Miss  JIargaret  Kidd 
in  1854.  Have  had  eight  cliildren.  seven  of  whom 
are  liraig.  Came  to  St.  Paul  in  the  fall  of  18.56, 
remained  there  during  the  winter,  then  settled  in 
what  is  now  Acton.  Meeker  county,  which  town 
he  named.  This  town  has  since  become  noted  as 
the  place  where  the  first  blood  was  shed  in  the 


EDEN  PRAIRIE -BIOGRAPHICAL. 


237 


Indian  massacre  of  1862.  Went  to  Canada  this 
year  on  account  of  the  Indian  outrages,  and  re- 
turned in  1864.  Lived  in  Scott  countj'  six  years. 
Rented  the  farm  he  has  since  bouglit,  situated  on 
Minnesota  river,  where  Ire  does  quite  a  freighting 
business,  using  his  own  barge. 

Matthew  O.  Kiley  was  l)orn  in  Ireland  in  1830. 
Attended  scliool  until  fifteen  years  of  age.  Came 
to  America  in  the  spring  of  1845.  Worlced 
in  a  cotton  factory  in  Lowell,  Massachusetts;  also 
on  the  Meredith  Bridge  pidjlic  works.  Then 
to  farming  in  Massachusetts  until  1852,  when  lie 
came  to  Minnesota.  Went  from  St.  Paul  to  Sauk 
Rapids  on  the  steamer  Governor  Ramsey.  Re- 
turned to  St.  Anthony,  spending  some  time  in 
the  St.  Charles  Hotel,  then  rimning  a  ferry-boat 
at  Fort  Snelling.  In  1853  located  where  lie  now 
lives.  JIarried  Miss  Elizabeth  Austin,  July  22d, 
1858.  Had  live  children,  three  now  living:  James 
F.,  Elizabeth,  and  Margaret.  ^Ir.  Riley  is  one 
of  the  oldest  settlers  of  the  county. 

Jonas  Staring,  born  in  Herkimer  county,  New 
York,  May  6th,  1809.  His  father  died  when  he  was 
eight  years  old,  and  the  family  located  in  Lewis 
county,  Xew  York,  where  he  followed  farming 
for  ten  years.  Carried  on  a  grocery  for  two  years 
at  Little  Falls,  Xew  York.  Went  to  boating  on 
the  Erie  canal,  captain  of  the  Erin,  a  freight  and 
passenger  boat.  Bought  and  run  the  packet  boat 
Ann  Allen,  four  seasons.  Sold  out,  went  to  In- 
diana, and  run  a  boat  on  the  Wabash  &  Erie 
canal.  His  health  failing  he  returned  to  New 
York.  At  Utica  he  established  a  large  clothing 
house,  employing  380  persons.  Came  to  Minne- 
sota in  1854,  bought  his  present  location,  built  a 
house,  the  first  frame  in  the  town,  and  soon 
moved  his  family  here.  Married  Miss  Hannah 
De  Voe  in  1833.  Had  five  children,  two  now 
living:  Myron  S.  and  ^lary  A. 

John  H.  Staring  was  born  in  Marthisburgh, 
N.  Y.,  August  26th,  1830.  At  nine  years  of  age, 
removed  to  Jefferson  county,  where  he  remained 
until  twenty-one  years  of  age.  Went  as  sailor 
on  the  brigs  "  Manchester,'"  "  Northern  Light  "" 
and  '•  New  York."  Came  to  Eden  Prairie  in 
1856,  remaining  there  for  five  years,  and  in  Jlin- 
ueapolis  one  year.  ^larried  Miss  ]Margaretta 
Brewster,  April  28th,  1861,  by  whom  he  had 
nine  children,  six  now  living:  Matilda  M.,  Net- 
tie F.,  Cora  A.,  Ada  M.,  Sarah  J.  and  John  H. 


Barnard  C.  Stewart  was  born  in  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
Aug.  8.  'bQ.  Hisfather  came  to  Minnesota  when 
Barnard  was  one  year  old  and  bought  the  farm 
on  which  he  now  lives  on  section  twenty-seven. 
Attended  school  until  eighteen.  November  12th, 
1879,  married  Miss  Addie  Cooper,  of  Blooming- 
ton.    They  have  one  child,  Mary  .1. 

C.  B.  Tirrell,  was  born  September  25th,  1836, 
in  Androscoggin  county,  Maine.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  Lewiston  Fall  Academy.  At 
the  age  of  eighteen  he  came  to  Minnesota,  and  in 
the  summer  of  1855,  taught  one  term  of  scliool  in 
St.  Anthony.  After  this,  he  came  to  Eden  Prairie, 
and  taught  the  first  winter  school  in  the  town, 
during  the  winter  of  1855-6.  In  the  fall  of  1855, 
his  father  came  to  Eden  Prairie,  and  ])re-enipted 
the  farm  now  owned  by  Chesley.  In  18.iS,  he  went 
to  Shakopee,  began  the  study  of  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  March,  1860.  He  practiced 
with  L.  L.  Baxter,  in  Chfiska,  and  in  1861  enlisted 
in  Company  C,  First  Minnesota  Infantry,  and 
served  until  discharged  for  disability,  in  1864. 

E.  A.  Tucke)  was  born  in  Chenango  county, 
N.  Y..  August  17th,  1826.  At  twenty-one  started 
for  the  North-west,  visiting  Detroit,  Chicago. 
Galena  and  Mackinaw.  Returned  to  New  York 
and  worked  at  the  carpenter  trade  until  he  came 
West  in  1855  and  settled  in  Scott  county.  Re- 
niauied  there  fourteen  years;  then  went  to  Lake 
Crystal  and  was  engaged  in  business  about  two 
years.  In  the  meantime,  bought  his  present  place 
on  section  twenty-seven,  Eden  Prairie.  Served 
three  years  in  Company  A.  Fourth  ^Minnesota  Vol- 
unteer Infantry,  participating  in  the  battles  of 
Corinth  and  luka,  in  the  siege  of  Yicksburg, 
and  in  Sherman's  march  to  the  .sea.  Returned 
home  in  the  fall  of  1864.  Alarried  Miss  Marcina 
Baxter,  of  Steuben  county,  N.  Y.,  in  18-50.  Ten 
children  have  been  born  to  them,  eight  of  whom 
are  now  living:  Selah  P.,  ZellaM.,  Ann  M..  Emma 
M.,  Abbie  A..  Ida  R.,  Edson  N.  and  Harry  H. 

Jacob  Wolf  was  bom  in  Prussia  in  1828,  and 
came  to  this  country  in  1S47.  After  various  bus- 
iness ventures  in  the  East  he  visited  the  North- 
west and  in  1854  came  to  Minnesota  and  located 
on  his  present  farm  in  1S55.  Has  been  twice 
married,  his  union  with  his  present  wife  occurring 
in  1875.  Has  three  children  by  his  present  wife 
and  three  by  his  first.  Ilis  residence  is  on  sec- 
tion twenty-six. 


238 


mSTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


MINNETONKA. 


CHAPTER  XXXIX. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION— FIRST  SEITLERS— OR- 
GANIZATION—POST  OFFICES— OFFICIAL  ROS- 
TER—TILLAGES  CHURCHES SOCIETIES 

SCHOOLS— HOTELS— MILLS— RAILROADS— BIO- 
GRAPHICAL. 

Jliiinetonka.  is  located  in  the  southern  part  of 
Hennepin  county,  and  was  covered  with  a  lieavy 
growth  of  timber  in  the  %Yestern  portion  of  the 
town,  and  with  a  light  growth  of  underbrush  in 
the  eastern  part.  The  surface  is  rolling,  with 
occasional  mounds  of  considerable  height.  The 
soil  is  principally  a  sandy  loam,  while  in  some 
portions  of  the  eastern  part,  a  clay  loam  appears. 
A  number  of  Lakes  are  scattered  over  the  town, 
the  principle  one  being  Shady  Oak  Lake,  which  is 
a  beautiful  body  of  water,  located  in  the  south- 
east part.  Gray's  Lake,  a  large  body  of  water,  is 
located  on  Section  8,  in  the  north-western  part. 
Glenn  Lake,  in  the  southern  part  on  section  34, 
Crane  Lake,  in  the  north-eastern  part  on  section  2 
and  Shell  Lake  on  Section  14.  Wayzata  bay,  the 
eastern  arm  of  Lake  Minnetonka,  is  in  tlie  north- 
western part  of  the  town,  and  many  fine  cottages 
now  adorn  its  banks. 

FIRST  SETTLEMENT. 

The  first  settlers  in  the  town  were  Simon  Ste- 
vens and  James  Shaver,  Jr.,  who  came  in  the 
spring  of  18-52,  Mr.  Stevens  locating  on  section  15. 
This  was  before  land  could  be  entered,  obliging 
ilr.  Shaver  and  Mr.  Stevens  to  build  a  shanty  and 
occupy  it  to  hold  possession,  until  such  a  time  as 
they  could  legally  enter  and  secure  it.  On  ac- 
count of  a  valualile  mill  site,  Mr.  Shaver  located 
his  claim  on  sections  17  and  18,  on  the  south  shore 
of  Wayzata  Bay.  Mrs.  James  Shaver  was  the 
first  white  woman  in  the  town.  Later  in  the 
year,  came  James  Mountain,  Mrs.  Mary  Gordon 
and  five  sons.  John  McGalpin,  George  Andrews, 


and  John  Bourgeois.  Mrs.  Gordon  settled  on 
what  is  now  the  county  poor  farm.  James  iloun- 
tain.  after  remaining  a  short  time,  sold  his  claim 
and  left.  George  Andrews  sold  his  claim  early 
the  following  spring  to  Mr.  J.  P.  Miller. 

Jlr.  Bourgeois  and  Mr.  McGalpin  built  a  shanty 
on  the  east  shore  of  Wayzata  bay.  on  a  spot  now 
known  as  "Bourgeois"  Mound."  There  they 
remained  imtil  the  sprmg  of  18-53,  when  they 
moved  into  what  afterwards  became  the  village 
of  ^linnetonka. 

Here  Mr.  Bourgeois  built  the  first  blacksmith 
shop  west  of  St.  Anthony.  That  same  spring 
Simon  Stevens,  Calvin  Tuttle.  Horace  Webster 
and  others  began  the  erection  of  a  saw  mill, 
which  they  completed  and  had  in  operation  that 
fall,  on  the  site  now  occupied  by  the  Jlinuetonka 
Mills. 

Mrs.  James  Shaver,  the  pioneer  woman  of  the 
town,  did  the  cooking  for  the  men  who  worked 
on  the  mill.  From  the  8th  of  November,  18-52, 
until  the  24th  of  Jan..  18-53.  she  never  saw  a  white 
woman.  At  that  time  ilr.  O.  E.  Garrison  and 
A.  B.  Robinson  came  with  tlieir  families  and 
settled  on  the  present  site  of  Wayzata.  Mr.  Rob- 
inson building  his  shanty  on  the  spot  where  the 
Arlington  House  now  stands.  Later  in  1853, 
came  Mr.  J.  P.  Miller,  Pascal  Spafford,  "W.  S. 
Chowen,  W.  B.  Harrington,  A.  X.  Gray,  Samuel 
Bartow.  Horace  Webster.  R.  E.  McKinney,  and 
D.  E.  Dow.  Pascal  Spafford  built  the  second 
building  in  the  village  of  Minnetonka,  and  occu- 
pied it  as  a  store,  which  was  the  first  store  in 
the  town.  Some  of  the  early  settlei-s  have 
left  the  town,  among  ^\hom  are  O.  E.  Garrison, 
now  in  St.  Cloud,  Simon  Stevens  at  Clearwater, 
Horace  "W^ebster  near  the  same  place,  Calvin  Tut- 
tle at  Two  Rivers,  and  W.  B.  Harrington  who  died 
at  Hutchinson.  McLeod  county  several  years  ago. 
Most  of  the  others  are  still  living  in  the  town, 
ilany  incidents  connected  with  the  early  history 


MINNETONKA— ORGANIZATION. 


239 


of  the  towii  might  be  mentioned  would  the 
limits  of  this  work  permit.  One,  however, 
is  deserving  of  special  notice.  The  Indian 
chief,  Little  Six,  and  his  band  of  braves, 
camped  on  Wayzata  Bay,  near  the  present 
site  of  Wayzata  village,  during  the  winter  of  1852 
and  1853,  returning  every  winter  following  until 
the  outbreak  of  the  Sioux  in  1862.  Although  they 
were  not  considered  particularly  dangerous,  they 
were  a  constant  source  of  annoyance  on  account 
of  their  begging  and  pilfering  propensities.  Lit- 
tle Six  was  considered  an  exemplary  Indian,  who 
was  cleanly,  manly  and  brave,  but  his  son,  Little 
Six,  as  frequently  happens  with  the  sons  of  white 
sires,  was  of  a  different  type.  He  was  a  drunken, 
worthless  vagabond.  Let  him  see  a  bottle,  and  a 
demand  for  it  was  immediately  in  order,  no  mat- 
ter what  was  in  it,  especially  if  it  was  in  the 
possession  of  a  woman.  This  was  the  fatal  snare 
he  fell  into,  after  the  massacre.  Knowing  this 
habit,  a  bottle  was  drugged  and  given  to  a  woman 
who  lived  where  he  was  supposed  to  be  sure  of 
visiting.  He  came,  saw  the  bottle,  demanded  it, 
and  eagerly  drank  of  its  contents  and  was  soon 
under  the  influence  of  the  drug,  when  he  was 
secured  and  afterwards  hung  witli  '-Medicine 
Bottle  "  at  Fort  Snelling. 

In  the  sprmg  of  1854,  settlement  became  more 
rapid,  and  the  town  began  to  take  on  the  apiiear- 
ance  of  civilization.  As  each  new  settler  came, 
he  added  strength  to  the  number,  as  well  as  in- 
creasing its  material  prosperity.  One  remarkable 
as  well  as  pleasing  feature  in  connection  with  the 
history  of  this  town,  is  the  fact  that  the  people 
have  very  little  use  for  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  or  a 
Constable.  Their  office  has  been  almost  entirely 
nominal. 

The  tirst  white  children  born  in  the  town  were 
Bayard  T.  and  Bernard  G.  Shaver,  twin  sons  of 
James  and  Sarah  C.  Shaver,  in  August,  1853. 
Bayard  teaches  school  in  the  winter  and  works  on 
the  farmer  in  the  siunmer.  Bernard  is  a  carpen- 
ter and  joiner.  Xo  more  births  occurred  until 
February  1855,  when  S.  M.  Bartow  was  born. 

The  first  death  occurred  in  June,  1855;  that  of 
Mr.  Waters,  who  had  just  arrived  \^ith  his  family 
from  Pennsylvania,  having  contracted  the  cholera 
on  board  the  boat  upon  which  he  took  passage. 
It  occurred  about  a  week  after  his  arrival.  Like 
all  new  communities,  the  people  heartilv  sympa- 


thized with  his  bereaved  family,  doing  all  they 
could  to  ameliorate  their  sad  condition.  Nearly 
the  entire  population  attended  the  funeral.  The 
coffin  was  made  by  Mr.  A.  X.  C4ray,  and  the  body 
buried  in  Groveland  Cemetery.  His  wife,  now 
living  in  Excelsior,  has  since  been  twice  married. 
A  few  days  later  a  Mr.  Jordan  died  of  the  same 
disease,  and  soon  after  a  young  man  at  Wayzata, 
followed  in  a  few  days  by  the  mother  of  Mr.  O. 
E.  Garrison.  The  latter  death  was  caused  by 
fright,  she  being  an  old  lady  and  quite  feeble. 

The  first  marriage  in  the  town,  was  Newton 
Sperry  to  Mrs.  Waters,  in  the  spring  of  1857,  at 
the  house  of  W.  S.  Chowen.  The  ceremony  was 
jjerformed  liy  James  Shaver,  .lustice  of  the  Peace, 
he  being  the  first  one  to  hold  that  office  in  the 
town  previous  to  its  organization. 

The  first  citizen  of  the  town  elected  to  the  state 
legislature  was  W.  S.  Chowen,  who  was  elected 
in  the  fall  of  1857.  and  served  until  March.  1858. 

ORCiANIZ.M'ION. 

The  first  meeting  for  the  organization  of  the 
township  occurred  on  the  eleventh  of  May,  18.58, 
at  what  was  then  the  Minnetonka  Hotel,  part  of 
which  is  now  the  residence  of  ('.  H.  Burwelhand 
Samuel  Bartow  was  chosen  chairman,  pro  tern., 
B.  M.  Vanalstine,  clerk,  pro  tem.,  with  L.  W. 
Eastman  for  moderator.  On  motion,  it  was  voted 
unanimously,  tliat  Minnetonka  lie  the  name  of  the 
town.  The  electors  then  proceeded  to  ballot  for 
town  officers,  and  elected  for  Supervisors.  Fred- 
erick Bassett.  chairman,  B.  ^I.  A'analsline  and 
J.  P.  Miller ;  Clerk,  George  McKinley ;  Assessor, 
L.  W.  Eastman  ;  Collector,  H.  R.  Eddy ;  Over- 
seer of  the  Poor,  John  McGann  ;  Constables,  M. 
B.  Stone,  A.  E.  Richards  ;  Justices  of  the  Peace, 
A.  B.  Robinson,  J.  C.  Clay  ;  Road  Overseer,  John 
McKenzie.  The  first  meeting  of  the  board  was 
held  at  the  office  of  the  Town  Clerk,  in  the  vil- 
lage of  Mmnetonka,  May  28th,  1858.  No  busi- 
ness of  importance  was  transacted,  and  they  ad- 
journed to  meet  June  21,  1858.  At  this  meeting 
the  road  districts  of  the  town  were  divided,  and 
numbered,  one,  two,  three,  and  four,  respectively. 
The  second  town  meeting  was  held  in  the  village 
of  Minnetonka,  April  5th,  1859,  at  the  ^linne- 
tonka  Hotel.  The  first  wagon  road  laid  out  by 
the  town,  was  called  the  Harrington  road.  It 
was  surveyed  by  B.  F.  Christleib,  and  reported 


240 


HISTOEY  OF  SENNEPJN  COUNTY. 


by  him  to  the  town  board.  January  21st,  1860. 
It  began  at  J.  S.  Harrington's  house,  near  the 
lake  sliore,  and  ran  in  a  northeasterly  direction, 
until  it  intersected  the  Watertown  road,  about  a 
mile  west  of  the  village  of  Wayzata. 

POST  OFFICES. 

The  first  post  office  in  the  to-mi  was  estabUshed 
at  Mmnetoiika  early  In  the  year  of  18o5,  and  Pas- 
cal Spafi'ord  appointed  the  first  postmaster. 
He  was  succeeded  by  George  McKinley,  who 
held  it  until  1861,  when  A.  B.  Robinson  was  ap- 
pointed, and  held  it  until  he  enlisted  in  the  army. 
Then  Calvin  A.  Tuttle  was  appointed.  Late 
in  186-1,  Thomas  Morse  was  appointed,  and  the 
office  was  moved  to  his  residence,  on  the  east  side 
of  section  IT.  In  1867,  M.  A.  Page  was  appointed 
and  the  office  moved  back  to  ]SIinnetonka,  where 
it  has  since  remained.  E.  E.  Perkins  was  ap- 
pointed in  April  1868.  followed  by  II.  M.  Yroman 
in  1870,  George  Browning  in  1874.  II.  M.  Yroman 
again  in  1875  and  C.  H.  Burwell  in  1876:  he  is  the 
present  postmaster. 

The  second  post  office  in  the  town  was  estab- 
lished at  AVayzata  in  18oo,  and  a  Mr.  Chapman 
appointed  postmaster,  with  A.  W.  Day.  deputy, 
who  subsequently  was  appointed  postmaster,  his 
wife  attending  to  the  duties  of  the  office.  Of  her, 
many  amusuig  stories  are  told.  One  of  them  was. 
that  when  parties  called  for  their  mail,  the  old 
lady  would  reach  do\^^l  mto  the  capacious  depths 
of  her  pocket  and  draw  out  the  package  of  letters, 
carefully  look  them  over  and  give  out  the  letters, 
if  any,  and  return  the  rest  to  her  '•  petticoated  " 
post  office.  She  also  had  a  very  inquisitive  mind. 
Well,  what  woman  has  not  ?  Particularly,  when 
an  unopened  letter  is  passuig  through  her  hands. 
Wm.  Dudley  was  appomted  to  the  office  in  18-58, 
and  continued  until  1862,  when  it  was  discontin- 
ued. In  the  spring  of  186-5.  the  office  was  re- 
established and  named  Freeport,  and  A.  O.  Mat- 
son  appointed  postmaster.  The  people  doing 
business  through  the  office,  particularly  the  old 
settlers,  were  not  pleased  with  the  new  name,  and 
it  was  finally  changed  to  Wayzata  again,  late  in 
1866.  In  1867  Mr.  C.  E.  Stimpson  was  appointed, 
and  remamed  until  .July.  1869.  He  was  succeeded 
by  J.  S.  Harrington  ijil870.  J.T.Dudley  in  1872. 
G.  W.  Hedderiy  in  1874:  November  16,  1874,' A. 


K.  Richards;  May  8th,  1879,  G.  W.  Hedderiy  was 
again  appointed,  and  now  holds  the  office. 

South  Plymouth  post  office  was  estabUshed  soon 
after  the  office  at  Wayzata  was  vacated,  and  located 
about  a  mile  and  a  half  east.  F.  A.  Clay  was 
appointed  postmaster,  and  held  the  office  until  the 
re-establishment  of  the  office  at  Wayzata.  when 
the  Soutli  Plymouth  office  was  discontinued. 

OFFICIAL   ROSTER. 

The  present  officers  for  the  town  are:  Super- 
visors. W.  S.  Choweu.  B.  F.  Keesling.  J.  B.  Jack- 
son; Town  Clerk,  D.  M.  Burwell:  Treasurer,  G. 
M.  Bumes;  Assessor,  E.  W.  Bartow;  Justices  of 
the  Peace.  D.  M.  Burwell.  J.  11.  Empenger;  Con- 
stable, F.  L.  Perkins. 

Population  of  the  township  of  Minnetonka,  in- 
cluding villages.  1.974.  It  contains  21.712  acres 
of  land,  which  was  assessed  m  1880  at  $282,2-54. 
Town  lots,  SI  2.291.  The  assessed  valuation  of 
personal  property  for  the  same  year  was  $41,683. 
Total  amount  of  taxes  for  1880,  83,817. 

VILLAGES. 

The  \'illage  of  Wayzata  is  located  in  the  north- 
western part  of  the  town,  on  the  Breckenridge 
di\ision  of  the  St.  P.,  M.  &  M.  E.  E..  and  was 
laid  out  by  O.  E.  Garrison  in  18-54.  who  erected  a 
steam  saw-mill  and  run  it  about  a  year,  then  sold 
it  to  parties  who  took  it  down  and  moved  it.  Af- 
ter making  a  few  other  improvements,  he  sold  his 
interest  to  L.  C.  Walker,  a  non-resident,  who 
took  little  interest  in  the  viUage,  and  its  progress 
was  slow.  After  his  death  in  1862.  the  property 
was  in  such  a  condition  that  it  could  not  be  sold 
until  a  few  years  ago.  Since  then  a  little  in- 
crease in  the  population  has  been  made.  Has 
one  general  store  and  one  grocery  and  confection- 
ery store.  ArUngton.  Gleason,  and  iliunetonka 
Hotels,  open  only  for  summer  visitors.  A  tem- 
perance society  was  organized  in  1877  with  about 
fifty  members.  Tliere  is  a  tine  school-house, 
which  was  erected  in  1S70.  with  sixty  scholars 
attending.  The  tliird  school  in  the  town  was 
taught  here. 

The  village  of  Minnetonka  was  laid  out  by 
Messrs.  Stevens,  Tuttle  and  Webster,  in  1854  on 
section  five.  The  platted  portion  of  it  comprises 
about  thirty-five  acres.  Only  a  few  buildings  oc- 
cupy the  platted  part,  most  of  them  being  built 
on  land  owned  by  the  iliimetonka  MOl  Company. 


MINNETONKA— CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS,  ETC. 


241 


One  store  is  all  tliere  is  at  present.  It  is  located 
on  the  line  of  tlie  St.  Panl,  Minneapolis  &.  Man- 
itoba Railroad.  The  Minnetonlva  brancli  of  tlie 
Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis,  runs  through  tlie  south 
part  of  the  village.  In  January,  1881.  Mr.  C.  M. 
Loring,  of  Minneapolis,  President  of  tlie  Miiine- 
tonkaMill  Company,  donated  a  number  of  books 
and  magazines  to  the  people  of  the  village  for  the 
purpose  of  estalilishing  a  free  library,  with  J.  C. 
Emmet  for  librarian.  It  is  named  "  Tlie  Lor- 
ing Library," and  is  located  in  the  office  of  the 
Minnetouka  Mill  Company. 

CHURCHES. 

St.  John's  Church.  P'piscopal,  is  located  in  the 
west  of  Minnetouka  village,  and  was  Iniilt  by  the 
Rev.  J.  S.  Chamberlain,  a  pioneer  missionary,  in 
18.58,  and  consecrated  by  Bishop  Kemper  at  that 
time.  In  18o7-'8  the  village  declined  and  with 
it  the  church.  In  November,  1872,  Rev.  Dr. 
Kiiickerbacker  took  hold  of  it,  had  it  enlarged, 
re-modeled  and  painted.  It  was  consecrated  by 
Bishop  Whipple,  Dec.  2d,  1872.  Since  that  time 
services  have  been  maintained  twice  a  month. 
About  fifteen  families  are  connected  with  it,  and 
it  has  a  Sunday-school  of  about  thirty  members. 
D.  M.  Burwell,  superintendent. 

Bohemian  Catholic  Church.  This  structure 
was  begun  in  the  fall  of  1879.  and  located  on 
section  36.  Have  no  regular  preaching,  but  have 
readings  by  some  member  every  Sunday. 

Presbyterian.  The  protestant  element  of  the 
Bohemian  settlement,  have  regular  weekly  meet- 
ings at  the  houses  of  the  members.  J.  H.  Empen- 
ger  and  Frank  Bren  act  as  readers.  The>^are 
now  preparing  to  build  a  church. 

SOCIETIES. 

Miimetonka  Lodge  of  Good  Templars  was 
organized  in  1867  with  a  large  membership,  and 
was  one  of  the  prominent  lodges  of  the  county. 
It  has  been  in  a  flourishing  condition. 

Minnetonka  Grange  of  the  Patrons  of  Hus- 
bandry, No.  327,  was  organized  July  28th,  1873, 
with  yv.  S.  Chowen,  M.;  Winslow  Baker,  O.;  E. 
R.  Perkins,  Lect.,  C.  D.  Miller,  Steward  ;  II.  M. 
Vroman,  Assistant  Steward;  S.  R.  Churchill, 
Chaplain;  E.  Eidam,  Treasurer;  A.  E.  Shaver, 
Secretary ;  L.  S.  Iledderly,  Gate  Keeper  ;  Ceres, 
Mrs.  J.  B.  Perkins;  Flora,  Mrs.  M.  M.  Chowen  ; 
Pomona,   Mrs.   S.   C.   Shaver  ;    Lady   Assistant 

16 


Steward,  Mrs.  M.  E.  Vroman.  The  membership 
is  now  forty-three.  Present  place  of  meeting, 
(iroveland  school  house. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  house  in  the  town  was  built  in 
the  present  district  of  -53,  in  the  fall  of  18.54,  and 
was  a  neat  log  structure,  20x24  feet.  First  school 
taught  in  the  summer  of  1855,  by  Miss  Mary  Car- 
man— had  about  ten  scholars,  now  have  sixty- 
five.  The  log  school  house  was  used  until  1871, 
when  the  present  one  was  built  across  the 
road  from  the  old  site.  It  is  24x30  ft.,  with  aseat- 
ing  capacity  for  sixty.  Costing  SI, 100.  The  second 
school  was  taught  in  Minnetonka  village  by  Jiliss 
Elizabeth  Ilainer.  They  built  the  present  house 
in  the  fall  of  1875. 

HOTELS. 

Arlington  House,  Wayzata,  was  built  in  the 
spring  of  1880  by  Hyser  &  Brown,  at  a  cost  of 
§25,000,  including  furniture  and  fixtures.  The 
main  building  is  42x150  feet,  with  a  wing  40x75. 
It  has  104  rooms  besides  parlors,  dining  rooms,  etc. 
with  a  capacity  for  150  guests  ;  occupies  a  beau- 
tiful site  on  the  north  shore  of  Wayzata  bay,  just 
east  of  the  village,  commanding  a  fine  view  of 
tlie  main  lake. 

Minnetonka  House,  located  in  the  central  part 
of  the  village  of  Wayzata,  was  built  in  1870,  b) 
Ileni-y  Maurer  and  William  Rockwell,  at  a  cost 
of  $3,500.  An  addition  was  put  on  in  1876,  cost- 
ing SI. 100.  It  now  has  a  capacity  for  the  accom- 
modation of  fifty  guests,  and  is  exclusively  a 
summer  hotel. 

(41eason  House,  located  in  the  central  part  of 
the  village  of  Wayzata.  was  originally  built  for  a 
simimer  boarding  house,  by  A.  O.  Madison.  The 
present  proprietor,  Mr.  H.  L.  Gleason,  bought  it 
in  1871,  built  an  addition  and  fitted  it  up 
for  a  summer  resort,  and  now  has  all  the 
conveniences  for  the  accommodation  of  thirty 
guests. 

MII.LS. 

The  Minnetonka  Mill  property,  consisting  of 
640  acres  of  land,  with  the  houses  and  water 
power,  was  bought  by  T.  N.  Perkins  in  1868, 
who  built  a  grist  mill  44x32,  3J  stories  high,  and 
put  in  three  runs  of  stone  and  other  necessary 
ma(!hinery.     In  1870,  Edwin   Iledderly   and  H. 


li-2 


HISTORY  OF  HEyyEPIN  COUKTY. 


M.  Vroman  bought  the  property,  and  continued 
the  business  four  years.  In  1S74  Loren  Fletcher 
and  C.  M.  LorinR.  housht   Hedderly's  one-half 

interest. 

Messrs.  Fletcher.  Loriiig  &  A'roman.  in  the 
summer  of  1874.  organized  a  stock  company  to  be 
known  as  the  Minnetonka  Mill  Company,  dating 
from  October  20th,  1874.  They  immediately  re- 
fitted the  mill,  adding  to  it  a  wing  26.\44  feet,  and 
to  the  machinery  four  run  of  burrs,  six  puritiers, 
and  considerable  other  machinery.  They  built 
an  elevator  30x40.  and  thirty  feet  higli,  holding 
about  30,000  bushels,  and  a  warehouse  30x30, 
three  stories  high.  In  187(5  "\'roman  sold  his  in- 
terest to  Fletcher  and  Loring.  In  1878  the  com- 
pany added  to  the  mill,  so  that  it  now  stands  on  the 
ground  72x58  feet,  and  four  stories  high,  also 
adding  to  the  machinery  two  run  of  burrs,  four 
setts  of  rolls,  two  purifiers,  and  other  machinery. 
The  same  year  they  built  an  addition  to  their  ware- 
house, making  it  30x74;  built  an  engine-house 
30x38  feet,  and  put  in  a  Eeynolds-Corliss  engine  of 
one  hundred  horse-power.  Also  placed  in  their 
wheel-pit  a  OG-inch  American  turbine  wheel,  and 
are  now  using  both  steam  and  water.  The  pres- 
ent equipment  of  the  mill  is  five  runs  of  stone, 
eleven  double  setts  of  rolls,  eleven  purifiers,  and 
is  now  manufacturing  300  barrels  of  llour  per 
day;  has  storage  for  50,000  bushels  of  wheat, 
4,000  barrels  of  flour  and  150  tons  of  bran.  A 
cooper-shop,  24x80,  two  stories,  with  room  for 
thii-ty-two  men,  supplies  tlie  mill  with  barrels. 
The  market  for  their  flour  is  mainly  in  New 
York.  Boston  and  Europe.  The  mill  gives  con- 
stant employment  to  eighteen  men.  who  are  paid 
as  wages,  about  S10,000per  annum.  "With  the 
mill  are  twelve  houses,  owned  by  the  company, 
in  which  the  employes  reside.  This  property  is 
on  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  ^Manitoba  Rail- 
way, ten  miles  from  Minneapolis,  and  also  on  the 
Minnetonka  branch  of  the  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis 
Railway. 

St.  Albans  Mill.  Located  on  Minnehaha  Creek. 
It  is  35x45  feet,  three  stories  high,  and  built  in 
1874,  by  John  Alt  &  Co.,fora"newprocessmill."" 
Alt  &  Co.  sold  it  to  Schafer  and  Fuller,  in 
1876,  who  finding  the  water  insufficient,  put  in  a 
thirty  horse  power  engine.  They  sold  in  1878  to 
R.  W.  Hanson,  who  is  the  present  proprietor. 


RAILROADS. 

The  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Manitoba  Ry. 
iBreckenridge  division!  crosses  the  town  north  of 
the  center.  Tliis  road  has  also  a  surveyed  line, 
leaving  the  main  line  about  a  mile  west  of  Way- 
zata,  and  extending  southwest  to  Lake  Minne- 
tonka. The  Minneapolis  and  St.  Louis  Railway 
have  a  surveyed  line  partly  ironed,  leaving  their 
main  line  at  Hopkins  Station,  and  running  north- 
west to  the  village  of  ^linnetonka,  thence  west- 
erly and  crossing  the  west  line  of  section  IS.  a 
short  distance  south  of  the  quarter  post,  and  ter- 
minating at  present,  near  the  Hotel  St.  Louis,  on 
the  east  shore  of  Lake  Minnetonka.  The  main 
line  of  this  road,  passes  through  the  southeast 
part  of  the  town.  The  Benton  Cut  OflE  of  the 
II.  &  D.  division  of  the  Chicago.  Milwaukee  and 
St.  Paul  Railway,  crosses  the  town  nearly  parallel 
to  the  main  line  of  the  M.  &  St.  Louis  R.  R. 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Samuel  Bartow,  born  in  Ohio,  April  18th,  1818. 
When  nineteen,  bought  a  farm  in  Monroe  county. 
Lived  there  until  the  fall  of  1849,  when  he  lo- 
cated in  Bartholomew  county,  Indiana.  Lived 
there  three  years,  teaching  school  part  of  the 
time,  then  went  to  Council  Bluffs.  Iowa,  and  St. 
Louis.  iSIo.i  from  there  by  steamer  to  St.  Paul  and 
to  Minnetonka.  Made  a  claim  to  the  farm  on 
which  he  now  lives,  located  on  the  south  shore 
of  Lake  Miinietonka.  Married  in  1839  to  Mary 
McKenney.  They  have  five  children.  He  has 
held  the  office  of  county  commissioner  and  has 
been  prominent  in  the  affairs  of  the  town. 

Robert  W.  Bartow,  born  in  Monroe  county, 
Oliio,  May  10th,  1845.  In  1849  moved  to  Indi- 
ana, then  to  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa.  Came  to  Min- 
nesota in  1852.  and  worked  with  his  father  on  the 
farm:  then  bought  the  one  on  which  he  now  lives. 
Married  Miss  E.  M.  Page,  July,  1869.  who  died 
March  17th.  1879.  Has  two  children:  Horace  B. 
and  Robert  W. 

Joseph  Bren,  born  in  Bohemia,  October  19th, 
1828.  Married  September  28th.  1850.  to  Miss 
xVnna  Phillipi.  of  Buliemia.  In  1854,  came  to 
America.  Lived  in  Gallatin,  Racine  county, 
Wisconsin,  one  year.  Came  to  Minnetonka  and 
located  where  he  now  lives.  Has  a  fine  farm. 
They  have  eight  children:  Joseph.  Frank.  John, 
William,  Josephine,  Edward,  Benjamin.  George. 


MINNETONKA-BIOGBAPEICAL. 


243 


Frank  Bren  was  born  in  Bohemia,  March  26th, 
1838.  Came  to  America  in  18.54.  and  settled  in 
Minnetonlia;  in  1858,  bouglit  tlie  farm  on 
which  he  now  lives,  situated  two  miles  from 
Ilopliins  Station.  Enlisted  Augnst  22d,  1864, 
in  company  E,  Independent  Battallion  Cavalry. 
Discliarged  May  1st,  1866.  Married  September 
26t!i,  1870,  to  Josephine  Miller.  Have  eight 
cliildren.  Anna,  Frank.  Alice,  Joseph.  Samuel. 
Daniel,  llosa,  and  Elizabetli. 

Thomas  C.  Bryant  was  born  in  Maine,  Decem- 
ber 10th,  1843.  In  1856  he  came  to  Saint  Paul, 
spent  one  year,  then  went  to  Oliio.  Enlisted  in 
company  B,  Third  Oliio  \'eteran  Volunteer  Cav- 
alry. Mustered  out  at  Kasliville,  Tenn.  Re- 
turned to  Ohio  and  turned  liis  attention  to  cooper- 
ing. April  19th,  1868,  married  Amelia  Ilanford. 
Came  to  Minneapolis  in  1872,  and  worked  at 
cooperage  till  1873,  wlien  he  came  to  Minnetonka 
and  worked  at  his  trade  one  year  longer.  Then 
he  bought  the  farm  on  which  he  now  lives. 

Alanson  G.  Butler  was  born  in  Hallowell, 
Maine,  December  30th,  1816.  When  23  years 
old  went  to  New  York, and  remained  there  three 
years.  Worked  five  years  in  the  lumber  regions 
of  Pennsylvania.  In  1856,  came  to  Minneapolis, 
stayed  one  year,  then  went  to  Wright  county 
and  opened  a  farm.  Lived  on  it  till  1875,  wlien 
he  came  to  Minnetonka  where  he  has  since  lived, 
and  for  the  last  two  seasons,  carried  on  tlie  dairy 
business.  Septemljer  22d,  1853,  married  Louis- 
anna  Marsh,  of  Pennsylvania.  They  have  one 
child,  Minnie  May. 

John  'SI.  Chastek,  born  in  Boliemia,  February 
24,  1837.  In  1854  came  to  America.  Lived  in 
Kacine  county,  Wisconsin,  till  1855,  when  lie 
came  to  Minnetonka,  and  in  1864  bought  the  farm 
on  whicli  he  now  lives.  Enlisted  in  Company  F), 
Hatch's  Battallion,  Minnesota  Volunteers.  Was 
mustered  out  at  Fort  SnelUng  in  1866.  Married 
Annie  Pribyl,  of  Wisconsin,  Marcli  17,  1868. 
They  have  seven  children,  Apolona,  Anna,  John, 
Frank,  Emil,  Petrolina  and  George. 

Joseph  H.  Chowen  was  born  May  1,  1831,  in 
Monroe,  Wyoming  county,  Penn.  Lived  there 
twenty-three  years,  then  came  to  Mijinesota  and 
located  tlie  farm  he  now  lives  on  in  Minnetonka. 
He  established  a  nursery  in  the  spring  of  1880. 
Married  Jane  Fuller,  March,  18.59,  wlio  died  Sep- 
tember 1872.     In  1873,  was  married  to  Caroline 


E.  Gunn.     He  has  seven  children,  four  by  his 
first  wife. 

William  S.  Chowen,  born  in  Green  county,  N. 
Y.,  June  22d,  1826.  Moved  to  Wyoming  county, 
Pennsylvania.  At  twenty  years  of  age.  he  went 
to  Wliite  Haven,  and  engaged  in  lumbering ;  fol- 
lowed it  for  eight  years,  and  one  year  lumbering 
in  Virginia.  Came  to  Minnesota  in  1853,  and 
located  the  farm  u\  Minnetonka  on  which  he  now 
lives.  Helped  build  the  first  school  house  in  the 
town.  In  1857,  was  elected  to  the  first  Legisla- 
ture of  the  state,  and  introduced  the  Agricultural 
School  bill  and  a  memorial  to  Congress  for  an 
agricultural  land  grant,  for  college  purposes. 
Both  bills  were  passed  while  he  was  in  the  House. 
Enlisted,  August.  1864,  in  Co.  F.  Eleventh  Minn. 
Inf.,  with  the  rank  of  Sergeant.  Stationed  at 
Nashville  and  Gallatin,  Tennessee.  Mustered 
out,  26th  of  June,  1865,  at  Fort  Snelling.  Has  been 
several  times  chairman  of  town  board.  ^larried. 
May  25,  1865,  to  Mary  M.  Frear  ;  have  six  chil- 
dren. 

Salmon  R.  Churchill,  born  in  Trumbull  county, 
Ohio,  February  23d,  1823.  Lived  there  twenty- 
one  years,  and  learned  the  shoemaker's  trade. 
Came  to  Minnesota  in  1856,  and  located  where  he 
now  lives.  Enlisted  in  1861  in  the  Second  Compa- 
ny Miimesota  Sharpshooters,  and  was  mustered 
out  in  1862,  on  account  of  disability,  at  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.  Health  improved,  and  he  enlisted  again 
in  Co.  F,  Eleventh  Minn.  Inf.  On  September  4th, 
1850,  he  married  Sarah  Hoagland.  They  have 
had  four  children.    Two  are  now  living. 

T.  Connolly,  born  in  Ireland  in  1842.  Came  to 
Minnesota  in  1 860,  stopped  in  St.  Paul  short  time, 
and  went  to  Georgetown  in  the  employ  of  the  Hud- 
]  son  Bay  Company  for  two  years,  when  the 
Indians  compelled  the  company  to  leave.  In 
1863  went  to  Lake  Winnipeg,  as  trader  for  the 
Hudson  Bay  Company;  returned  to  St.  Paul  1864, 
and  to  ^linneapolis  in  1867  and  w(irked  five 
years  lumbering.  Then  as  patrolman  on  the 
police  force  for  three  years,  court  officer  one  year, 
and  captain  one  year.  In  1878  he  was  appointed 
Superintendent  of  Hennepin  county  Poor  farm 
Married  Anna  Kelley  in  1867.  They  have  three 
children,  two  boys  and  one  girl. 

William  Dobson,  born  in  England,  February 
14,  1837,  came  to  America  in  1857  and  to  Min- 
nesota, stopping  in  St.  Paul  until  1861.  when  he 


244 


HISTORY  OF  HENXEPIX  COUXTY. 


enlisted  in  company  D.  Second  Minnesota  Infant- 
ry: was  at  the  battles  of  Sliiloli  and  Corintli. 
served  four  years,  mustered  out  at  Louisville. 
Kentucky.  July  lS(io.  Returned  to  St.  Paul,  and 
lived  there  until  )S71.  when  he  located  on  the 
farm  where  he  now  lives.  Married.  August 
1  «6fi,  lo  Anna  Vernon.     They  have  four  children. 

Daniel  E.  Dow.  born  in  Maine.  January  25. 
1831.  lived  there  twenty-one  y^irs,  then  came  to 
St.  Anthony.  2iIinnesota.  and  worked  at  black- 
smithing  fen- two  years  :  iire-emi)tpd  land  on  Lake 
Calhoun,  sold  it.  and  located  the  farm  on  wliich 
he  now  lives.  In  1S80  visited  the  old  home  in 
Maine.  Married  Mrs.  Belinda  Hamilton.  Septem- 
ber 6,  IKoo.     Thev  have  three  children  now  living. 

Edward  H.  Eidam,  born  in  Germany  1839. 
Came  to  America  when  young,  and  moved  from 
place  to  place.  In  1853  came  to  Fillmore  county, 
Minnesota.  Lived  there  five  years,  then  moved 
to  Decorah,  Iowa,  and  went  to  school.  Married 
Susan  Bender.  December31, 18H(I.  In  1867  came 
to  Minneapolis.  Lived  there  a  year,  then  moved 
to  Minnetonka,  and  worked  at  coopering  till  1877. 
when  he  opened  the  store  now  owned  by  him. 
He  has  three  children  now  living. 

Fernando  Ellingwood.  was  born  in  Maine.  Octo- 
ber 27,  1846.  Lived  there  twenty  years,  then 
came  to  St.  Anthony.  From  there  to  Anoka- 
where  he  lived  ten  years.  1865  went  to  Lake 
George  and  built  a  planing,  lath  and  shingle  mill. 
Run  it  for  three  years,  and  in  1868  sold  out ;  moved 
to  Spencer  Brook.  Isanti  county.  Bought  a  saw 
mill,  and  in  "70,  built  a  grist  mill.  Is  now  sole 
proprietor.  It  was  the  first  mill  built  in  that 
comity.  Was  postmaster  five  years,  and  county 
commissioner  three.  Married,  November  30. 1850. 
Ellen  Carson.    Have  three  children  living. 

Joseph  H.  Empenger  was  born  in  Bohemia. 
January  19th.  1847.  and  came  with  his  parents  to 
America,  in  1858.  settling  in  Minnetonka  town- 
ship, where  he  has  followed  farming.  He  held 
the  office  of  assessor  for  six  successive  years,  end- 
ing in  1878.  Was  elected  justice  in  1879.  and 
held  through  the  following  term,  on  account  of 
his  successor  failing  to  qualify.  He  married 
Anna  Miller.  November  22.  1871.  She  was  born 
in  Bohemia  in  1849.  They  have  four  children. 
Emily  E.,  Edward.  Anna  and  Joseph. 

A.  N.  Gray  was  born  in  Duchess  county.  Xew 
York.  August  29th.  1824.      In  1830.  moved  with 


parents  to  Pennsylvania,  and  engaged  in  farming 
luitil  eighteen  years  of  age.  when  he  engaged  in 
lumbering,  also  learning  the  trade  of  millwright. 
He  came  to  Minnesota  in  1853.  and  settled  in 
Minnetonka  township.  In  August,  186-1,  he  en- 
listed in  Company  B.  Eleventh  Inf.,  serving  in 
the  Commissary  Department.  He  was  the  first 
Overseer  of  Highways  in  the  township  after  its 
organization,  and  member  of  the  town  board  in 
1861-2-3.  Married  Susan  A.  Chowen,  in  Luzerne 
county.  Pennsylvania.  May  30th.  1847.  They  have 
had  eleven  children.  Tliose  living  are  AlcesterE.. 
Phoebe  C.  Sybilla  11..  Ernest  W..  Willie  K.  and 
Jessie  W. 

Capt.  X.  II.  Harrison,  born  in  Petersburgh, 
Virginia,  in  1822.  Moved  to  Hennepin  county 
in  1855.  and  settled  on  what  is  now  known  as 
'■  Harrison  Bay,"  Upper  Lake  Mnnetonka.  and 
remained  there  eleven  years.  "Went  to  Excelsior 
for  about  two  years,  and  then  returned  to  the 
Upper  Lake,  where  he  has  since  Uved.  Is  a  ship 
carpenter  by  trade,  having  built  the  steamers 
"Mary."  --^May  Queen." and  ••City  of  Minneapo- 
lis." and  the  sail  boat  "  Coquette."  Was  one  of 
the  first  white  settlers  on  Upper  Lake  Minnetonka. 

John  S.  Harrington,  born  in  Canada  East. 
August  nth.  1815.  Moved  to  Western  Reserve, 
Ohio,  where  he  attended  school.  Then  traveled 
through  a  part  of  Illinois.  Wisconsin  and  Iowa. 
In  1854,  came  to  Minnetonka,  and  made  a  claim 
to  the  farm  on  which  he  now  lives,  known  as 
••Lake  Side  Home."  Has  been  a  member  of  the 
town  board  several  times.  Married  Minerva 
Hoagland.  December  23d.  1842.  Has  sLx  chil- 
dren now  living. 

William  Hoagland.  born  in  Trumbull  county. 
Ohio.  December  16.  1824.  Learned  the  tailor's 
trade,  then  turned  his  attention  to  farming.  In 
the  spring  of  1862  came  to  Minnetonka.  Min- 
nesota, where  he  has  since  lived  for  most  of  the 
time  ;  now  furnishes  hotels  with  supplies.  Mar- 
ried Joanna  Wakefield.  February  27.  1845.  They 
have  seven  living  children. 

J.  R.  Jack.son.  born  in  Ulster  county,  Xew 
York.  March,  1846.  and  came  with  his  father  to 
St.  Paul.  Mr.  Jackson  wasone  of  the  first  business 
men  in  the  place.  He  made  one  of  the  first  claims 
where  Minneapolis  now  stands.  John  R.  enlisted 
in  1863,  in  Company  F,  First  Minnesota  Cavalry, 
served  fourteen  months,  was  mustered  out  at  Fort 


MINNETONKA-  BIOGRAPHICAL. 


245 


Snellingm  186-5.  Married  Liicretia  II.  Miller  of 
Hennepin  count}' ;  they  have  five  cliiUlren  living. 

Gustavus  V.  Johnson,  born  in  Clayton  county, 
New  York,  Mareh  2ml,  184o;  learned  the  trade 
of  shii)  tjuilding.  In  1863  enlisted  in  Company 
M,  14th  New  York  heavy  artillery,  and  was  mus- 
tered out  Septemher  lS6o,  at  Rochester.  The 
same  fall  came  to  Chicago,  worked  at  shi])  building, 
then  to  Fox  Lake,  Wisconsin,  and  did  carriage 
making  a  number  of  years.  Sold  out  and  went 
to  Winona,  then  to  La  Crosse,  where  he  was 
engaged  in  boat  building  four  years,  thence  to 
White  Bear  Lake,  following  same  business  three 
years,  then  to  Lake  Minnetonka  and  established  a 
large  boat  building  business.  Married  Elizal)etli 
Buffett,  Sept.  23.  IStiO.    Have  two  cluldren  living. 

John  Kokesh,  born  in  Bohemia  January  5, 1830. 
When  twentj-three  years  old  married  Josei)liiHe 
Kostlan.  Cameto  America  in  l.stl.s.  and  settled  in 
Minnetonka.  and  in  istji).  bought  the  farm  on 
which  he  now  lives.    Has  ten  children. 

George  Ley,  born  in  Wisconsin  October  17, 
1843.  Came  to  Minnesota  in  1857.  Settled  in 
Scott  county;  remained  there  until  18(i4.  when 
he  went  to  Montana  and  engaged  in  mining  five 
years.  Iteturned  and  married  Lena  Spungmaun, 
July  13.  1872.  Have  three  children.  In  1873 
worked  for  the  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  R.  R.  Co.. 
and  in  1880,  bought  the  farm  where  he  now  lives. 

Charles  Lyons,  born  in  Applelon,  Maine,  June 
11,  1852.  In  1871  went  to  Rockland.  Spent  two 
years,  then  to  South  Adams,  Mass.  Was  there 
three  years,  then  went  to  Charleston,  S.  C,  and 
to  Georgia.  Alabama.  Tennessee  and  Kentucky. 
Came  to  Minneapolis  in  187(i  and  worked  at 
cooperhig.  In  1879  came  to  Minnetinika,  and  has 
since  done  cooper  work  for  the  Minnetonka  Mill 
Company. 

David  Locke  (deceased)  tiornin  Virginia.  April 
13,  1808.  Moved  to  Ohio,  and  in  1833  married 
Harriet  A.  Stafford,  who  has  borne  him  ten  chil- 
dren. In  1837  went  to  Indiana,  and  run  the 
Rockford  flouring  mill  several  years.  From  that 
to  railroad  building.  Came  to  ilinnetonka  in  1855, 
and  made  a  claim.  Returned  to  Indiana.  In 
1865  came  to  Hastings,  and  in  18t)()  settled  his 
family  in  Minnetonka.  where  lie  resided  until  his 
death,  April  16th,  1877. 

John  McGenty  (deceased),  l)orn  in  Ireland. 
1805.    Came  to  America  in  1847.     Lived  in  Ver- 


mont three  years.  Then  went  to  Illinois  and 
worked  three  years.  In  1855,  came  to  St.  Paul 
then  to  Minnetonka.  and  located  the  farm  on 
which  his  sons,  Dennis  and  James,  with  their 
mother,  now  live.    Died.  Sept..  1 877,  aged  72  years. 

Ernst  Meyer,  born  in  Prussia,  October  22, 1858, 
and  moved  with  his  parents  to  Germany,  where 
he  learned  the  machinist  and  miller's  trade.  In 
1876,  came  to  America,  and  worked  in  the  mills 
at  Ilazleton,  Iowa;  also  at  Elgin,  and  Clajton 
county,  Iowa.  In  1878.  came  to  Minnetonka,  and 
worked  for  the  Minnetonka  ^lill  Company.  Par- 
ents now  live  in  Ilolsteiu.  Germany. 

John  P.  Miller,  born  in  Pennsylvania,  May  11, 
1809.  In  1831,  married  Rachael  Parks,  who  died 
in  1837.  Lived  in  Lancaster.  Ohio,  three  years; 
then  went  to  Crawford  county,  and  engaged  in 
the  hotel  business.  In  1848.  went  to  Rockford, 
Illinois,  and  entered  grocery  business.  In  1849, 
came  to  ilinnesota.  Kept  a  boarding  house  in 
St.  Paul,  and  helped  to  fit  up  the  hall  for  the  first 
legislative  session.  Went  to  ^linnetonka  in  1853 
and  made  a  claim.  He  aftervs'ards  bought  the 
farm  on  which  he  now  lives.  August,  1844,  mar- 
ried Catherine  Didie.  of  Pennsylvania.  They 
have  three  children. 

Charles  D.  Miller,  born  in  Oliio.  May  14tU.  1846. 
When  four  years  old,  came  with  his  parents  t<i 
Miiuiesota.  Attended  the  first  school  taught  m 
Ilennepni  county,  in  the  old  (Government  House, 
near  the  Government  Mill.  August,  1864,  enlist- 
ed in  Co.  F,  Eleventh  Minn.  Inf.  under  Capt. 
Plummer.  Was  mustered  out  at  Fort  Snelling 
in  1865.  In  May,  1876,  married  Emma  J.  Ilawkes. 
of  Hennepin  county.     They  have  one  child. 

Frank  L.  Miller,  born  in  St.  Paul,  Minnesota, 
!  October  10th,  185(1.  When  he  was  two  years  old 
his  father  moved  to  the  farm  in  what  is  now  ilin- 
netonka.  Received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools,  and  has.  with  his  father  and  brother, 
made  a  good  farm. 

George  C.  Pliillips,  born  February  28,  1828,  in 
Almond.  N.  Y.  In  1848,  established  a  cooper 
shop.  Run  it  seven  years.  In  1854  went  to  St. 
Paul,  then  to  Minneapolis.  Helped  finish  the  old 
American  House.  In  1855  made  claim  to  the  farm 
on  which  he  now  lives.  February  28th,  1854, 
married  Abigail  Smith.  Enlisted.  1864,  in  Co. 
F,  Eleventh  Minn.  Inf.  Was  with  (ien.  Thomas 
at  Nashville,  Tenn..  and  discharged  at  St.  Paul. 


246 


HISTOBT  OF  HEXXEPIX  COUyTY. 


James  K.  Robertson,  bom  in  Scotland.  May  14. 
1839.  Served  an  apprenticesliip  of  seven  years  at 
machine  and  engineering  worlc.  Run  a  locomotive 
on  the  Glasgow  &  Southwestern  R.  R..  Scotland, 
then  an  engine  for  Baird  Bros."  Great  Iron  "Works. 
Scotland.  In  1865  came  to  America.  "Was  engi- 
neer in  the  coal  regions  of  Pennsylvania.  "Went 
to  Nova  Scotia  in  1866.  Started  a  tobacco  factory 
in  Dartsmouth.  Sold  it.  and  in  1876  came  to 
Minneapolis,  to  work  for  Camp  &  "Walker.  Then 
came  to  Minnetonka,  and  now  runs  the  engine  in 
the  mUl.  July  12.  1861.  married  Ellen  Park,  of 
Scotland.     They  have  seven  children. 

Alfred  B.  Robinson,  born  in  Vermont,  May  1. 
1815.  "Went  to  "Whitehall.  X.  Y..  enlisted  in 
Company  I.  First  U.  S.  Regular  Infantry.  Joined 
his  regiment  at  Prairie  du  Cliien.  Wis.  There 
three  years.  Tlien  ordered  to  Florida  under  Col. 
Zachariah  Taylor.  Remained  there  five  years. 
Ordered  to  Fort  SnelUng  in  1842.  Was  there 
until  1845,  when  he  was  discharged.  Came  to 
Minnetonka  in  1853.  and  in  1855  located  where  he 
now  lives.  In  1861  enlisted  in  Company  A,  Third 
Minnesota  "\'olunteers.  Was  discharged  and  en- 
listed again  in  Company  B.  Sixth  Minnesota  "\'ol- 
unteers.  Mustered  out,  October  1865.  He  mar- 
ried Celesta  Caddet.  who  died  in  1878.  He  is 
the  father  of  three  children.     Two  now  living. 

Frederick  Eohlfing,  (deceased.)  born  in  Prussia. 
Dec.  29. 1823.  Came  to  America  in  1844.  Lived  m 
St.  Louis  until  1855,  when  lie  came  to  Mmnesota 
and  located  the  farm  on  which  his  widow  and  fam- 
ily now  live.  Married  Wilmina  Telgman.  of  St. 
Louis.  1856.  and  returned  to  his  liome  in  Minne- 
tonka. They  have  five  cliildren  now  livmg.  Mrs. 
R.  is  an  active  member  of  the  church,  and  now 
superintendent  of  the  Sabbatli-school.  Mr.  Rohlf- 
ing  died  November  15th.  1878. 

Edward  D.  Shanton.  born  in  Oliio.  March  4th. 
1839.  Learned  the  miller's  trade.  Was  superin- 
tendent of  the  Shanesville  flouring  mills  for  three 
years.  In  1867  he  came  to  MinneapoUs  and  run 
the  Island  Mills,  Summit  Mills.  Xorth  Star  Mill. 
and  the  Galaxy  Mills.  In  1878  went  to  Minne- 
tonka. and  has  since  had  charge  of  the  mills 
there.  In  1862  enlisted  in  Company  H.  73d  In- 
diana Infantry.  Was  in  several  battles,  and  taken 
prisoner  at  Cedar  Gap.  Georgia,  taken  to  Belle 
Island,  and  after  a  time  exchanged.  Mustered  out 
at  Xashville.  Teim.    Married  in  1860  to  Margaret 


Schultz.    They  are  the  parents  of  eight  children. 

Bayard  T.  and  Bernard  G.  Shaver,  twin  broth- 
ers, and  first  wliite  children  born  in  Minnetonka, 
August  12th,  1853.  Here  the  brothers  have  lived 
with  their  parents,  and  received  their  education 
at  the  second  school  organized  in  the  county. 
Bayard  has  given  his  attention  to  teaching,  and 
Bernard  to  millwright  and  carpenter  work.  Bay- 
ard cast  the  first  vote  of  any  native-born  man  in  the 
townsliip.  They  live  on  the  oldest  farm  in  the  town. 

Eldridge  A.  Shaver  was  born  in  Pennsylvania 
September  27th,  1849.  and  came  to  Minnesota 
when  he  was  a  boy.  Landed  in  Minneapolis, 
stopped  wth  Col.  Stevens  a  few  weeks,  then 
came  to  iliunetonka  City.  Remauied  there  till 
1853  when  his  father  made  the  claim  on  wliich 
Eldridge  now  lives.  2SIarried  Mary  S.  Tull.  April 
26th,  1874.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  them. 

Sarah  C.  Shaver  was  bom  in  Greene  county, 
X.  Y..  July  5,  1824.  Married  James  Shaver  Sei> 
tember  27th,  1849.  In  1851  Mr.  Shaver  came 
to  Minnesota.  In  1852  his  family  came,  when  he 
made  a  claim  and  settled  on  the  south  shore  of 
Lake  Minnetonka.  Their  two  sons  were  the  first 
white  children  bom  in  the  township,  and  the  first 
native  bom  voters,  and  their  mother  the  first 
white  woman  to  settle  in  the  town.  Mrs.  Shaver 
and  son  Bayard  attended  the  Centennial  Expo- 
sition, and  remained  m  the  east  three  years. 

George  M.  Stankard.  was  liorn  m  Ohio.  June 
27th.  1857.  Learned  the  miller's  trade.  Went 
to  Toledo  and  worked  in  the  South  Toledo  Mills. 
In  1877  he  moved  to  Xiles;  Michigan.  Worked 
in  River  .Side  mills  till  October.  1877.  when  he 
came  to  MumeapoUs.  Worked  in  the  Pillsbury 
mill  until  1878.  then  for  Croswell  and  Syme  at 
Long  Lake  as  head  stone  dresser.  In  1880  took 
the  same  position  with  the  Minnetonka  Mill  com- 
pany.    His  father  and  family  Uve  in  Oliio. 

Knight  H.  Wliipple.  born  in  Foster,  Providence 
county.  R.  I..  July  29. 1836.  Went  to  Providence, 
worked  at  the  mason's  trade  for  several  years. 
July  1855.  came  to  Minneapolis,  lived  there  three 
years,  helped  build  the  first  brick  house  in  the 
town,  built  the  residence  of  Rev,  Gideon  Pond 
atBloomington.  In  1859  made  a  trip  to  Red  River, 
1864  bought  the  place  on  whidi  he  lives.  During 
the  Indian  massacre,  was  Quarter  Master  under 
Col.  Stevens,  at  Gleiicoe.  October  1862.  married 
Sarah  Fuller.     He  is  the  father  of  one  child. 


EXCELSIOR—  GENERAL   BE  SCRIP  TION.. 


247 


EXCELSIOR. 


CHAPTER   XL. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  —  SETTLEMENT  —  FIRST 
SETTLERS— EARLT  EVENTS — ST.  AXBANS  — 
CI\nL  HISTORY— CHURCHES — SCHOOLS — MILL 
—  NURSERIES  —  STATE  FRUIT  FARM — RAIL- 
ROADS— SUMMER  HOTELS— SOCIETIES — BOATS 
— BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Excelsior  is  situated  in  the  southwesteni  part 
of  the  comity,  the  south  line  of  the  township  sep- 
arating Hennepin  and  Carver  counties.  Nearly 
one-half  of  the  area  of  the  township  is  covered 
by  the  waters  of  Lake  Minnetonka,  leaving  but 
•5,221  acres  of  land. 

The  surface  of  the  laud  is  rolling  and  heavily 
timbered,  with  here  and  there  small  marshes,  a 
few  of  which  are  utilized  for  the  production  of 
wild  hay.  The  soil  is  a  close  clay,  and  ver>  pro- 
ductive. 

The  lake  was  named  soon  after  the  hrst  settle- 
ments were  made  on  its  shores.  Governor  Ram- 
sey, in  his  official  capacity,  as  Governor  of  the 
territory,  visited  the  lake  in  company  w-ith  a  large 
party,  and  during  this  visit,  it  was  given  its  appro- 
priate name.  Minnetonka,  tlie  word  Ijeing  derived 
from  the  Dahkota,  minne  meaning  water,  and 
tonka  meaning  large. 

Lake  Minnetonka  is  noted  for  the  beauty  of 
the  scenery  of  its  surrounding  shores.  Numer- 
ous pouits  of  land  project  into  the  lake,  some  of 
which  are  a  mile  or  more  in  length.  They  are 
named  from  settlers  and  owners  of  land  on  them. 
Ferguson's  and  Gibson's  on  the  east  shore,  Way- 
zata  and  Sunrise  points  on  the  west  shore  of  the 
lower  lake.  In  the  upper  lake,  Locke's,  Howard 
and  Carman's  points  derive  tlieir  names  from 
owners  of  land  thereon.  Between  these  points  are 
bays,  some  deep,  others  shallow,  the  waters  of 
which  are  plentifully  stocked  with  flsh.  These 
bays  are  known  as  Robinson,  near  Wayzata  :  Car- 


son, on  the  east  shore  ;  St.  Alban's.  Excelsior  and 
Gideon's  on  the  south,  and  Holmes  Bay  on  the 
north.  The  only  one  of  note  in  the  upper  lake, 
within  the  limits  of  Excelsior,  is  Carman's. 

There  are  several  islands  within  the  boundary 
lines  of  the  town.  The  largest  of  tliese  is  Big,  or 
Morse's  Island,  in  the  lower  lake.  Brightwood,  a 
small  round  island,  is  owned  and  occupied  as  a 
summer  residence  by  11.  A.  Gale,  of  Minneapolis. 
In  the  upper  lake  are  situated  Enchanted  Island. 
Shady  Isle,  Spray  and  Wild  Goose  Islands. 

The  upper  and  lower  lakes  are  connected  by 
what  is  known  as  Hull's  Narrows,  originally  a 
small  creek,  but  since  widened  and  deepened  to 
allow  the  passage  of  the  large  steamers  plying  on 
the  lake. 

The  lakes  in  the  lownship  of  Excelsior,  aside 
from  Minnetonka,  are  Lakes  Christmas  and  Gal- 
pin,  both  named  in  honor  of  early  settlers ;  the 
former  for  Charles  "\V .  Cliristmas.  the  first  county 
surveyor,  and  the  latter  for  Rev.  Charles  Galpin. 
the  first  minister  in  Excelsior.  Lake  Christmas 
is  located  on  sections  3o  and  36,  and  is  about  one 
mile  in  length,  (ialpin  Lake  is  a  small  liody  of 
water  just  south  of  the  village. 

SETTLEMENT. 

Excelsior  was  among  tlie  lirst  townships  in  the 
county,  to  attract  the  attention  of  the  prospector 
in  search  of  a  home.  The  first  visit  of  whites  to 
Lake  Minnetonka.  was  in  1822,  when  a  party  from 
Fort  Snelling  explored  its  sliores.  The  first  set- 
tler in  Excelsior  was  Stephen  Hull,  who  located 
his  claim  in  February,  18.53.  selecting  for  his 
home  the  site  now  known  as  the  Lake  Park 
Grounds.  He  was  followed  by  "William  Lithgrow. 
in  the  spring  of  '53,  who  made  a  claim  of  the  land 
now  occupied  by  the  "State  Fruit  Farm."  Lith- 
grow was  drowned  in  the  lake  in  1854.  R.  B. 
McGrath  came  in  May  1853,  and  still  resides  in 
Excelsior.     He   is  the  oldest  living  settler  in  the 


248 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


town.  The  town  of  Excelsior  owes  its  name  and 
settlement  to  a  colony,  under  the  title  of  the 
••Excelsior  Pioneer  Association.""  Tliey  were 
headed  by  George  M.  Bertram  and  arrived  in  the 
summer  of  1853.  The  followuig  ••Preamble"  to 
the  constitution  adopted  Xovember  12th,  1852, 
ser%'es  to  show  that  Lake  ^Minnetonka  and  its 
surrounding  territory,  had  acquired  at  that  early 
period,  a  portion  of  the  notoriety  which  to-day 
makes  it  famous. 

-Pnumbk.  Whereas  we.  the  undersigned,  hav- 
ing associated  ourselves  into  a  body  to  remove  to 
Minnesota  Territory  next  summer,  and  occupy 
some  of  the  government  lands  now  vacated  by 
the  late  treaty  with  the  Sioux  Inilians,  and  hav- 
ing been  on  a  tour  through  the  Western  states 
last  summer,  have  selected  a  site  for  a  village  and 
farming  country,  that  for  healthfullness  of  cli- 
mate, fertiUty  of  soil,  beauty  of  scenery  and 
nearness  to  markets,  cannot  be  surpassed  by  any 
other  locality  in  the  country :  being  withm  twelve 
or  fifteen  miles  of  two  of  the  most  important  towns 
in  the  territory  (St.  Paul  and  St.  Anthony  Falls) 
and  having  a  front  on  a  lake,  navigable  for  steam 
and  other  boats  over  forty  miles,  its  waters  as  clear 
as  crystal  and  abound  with  fish.  The  land  aroimd 
the  lake  is  also  supplied  with  natural  meadow, 
the  country  is  gently  roUing  and  interspersed 
with  the  most  beautiful  growth  of  timber  that 
the  eye  could  wish  to  look  upon,  consisting  of 
sugar  maple,  black  walnut,  butternut,  white  and 
red  oak,  and  a  variety  of  others  ;  also  with  wild 
fruit,  grapes  and  berries  of  almost  every  kind. 
The  whole  country  in  fact,  possessuig  almost 
everything  that  the  heart  of  man  could  wish  for. 
Therefore,  in  order  to  avail  ourselves  of  all  the 
advantages  of  an  old  settled  country,  and  secure 
ourselves  such  increase  of  value  as  must  result 
from  a  concentration  of  numbei-s  upon  the  land, 
together  with  our  own  efforts  in  its  improvement, 
erection  of  a  village  and  settling  the  farms  there- 
upon, and  all  the  bles.sings  of  hfe :  We.  each 
and  all  of  us,  who  subscribe  in  the  following  con- 
stitution, do  combine  ourselves,  our  means  and 
our  energies,  in  this  enterprise  and  agree  to  sup- 
port and  carry  into  effect  its  laws.  Oflicers : 
President,  Geo.  M.  Bertram ;  Vice  President, 
John  L.  AVillis  ;  Secretary,  Samuel  F.  Blodgett ; 
Treasurer.  Edward  Bund.  Any  person  at  a  dis- 
tance wishing  to  l)ecome  a  member  of  this  asso- 


ciation, or  wishing  information,  can  have  al 
the  information  he  requires  by  addressing  the 
President  at  2(58  Grand  street.  Xew  York."" 

I  The  constitution  and  by-laws,  provided  that 
each  person  becoming  a  member,  should  pay  a  fee 
of  eight  dollars,  and  one  dollar  per  week  as  dues, 
from  Xovember  12th,  1852.  to  Jidy  17th.  18.53. 
That  each  member  should  be  entitled  to  a  farm, 
and  one  village  lot  of  not  less  than  one  acre,  the 
farms  and  lots  to  lie  drawn  by  numbers.  Mr. 
(Jeorge  M.  Bertram,  the  originator  of  the  scheme, 
visited  Lake  Mimie tonka  in  the  summer  of  18-52. 
selected  the  site  of  the  present  village  of  Excel- 
sior, returned  to  New  York  and  organized  the 
Association,  ^^^^ile  at  St.  Paul,  en  route  for  the 
East,  he  met  R.  B.  McGrath.  then  a  resident  of 
Dubuciue.  Iowa,  who  became  a  member  of  the 
colony,  soon  after  its  organization.  About  May 
1st,  1853.  Mr.  McGrath  started  for  Mimietonka 
in  advance  of  Bertram  and  the  remainder  of  the 
company.     In  St.  Anthony  he  met  John  H.  Ste- 

'  vens.  then  acting  as  agent  for  the  new  colony, 
and  received  from  him  uistructions  to  proceed  to 
the  site  selected,  and  erect  a  house  for  the  use  of 
Bertram  upon  his  arrival.  A  few  days  later  he 
and  K.  C.  Wiley,  set  out  in  company  with  a  sur- 
veying part>  which  was  to  locate  a  government 
road  from  St.  Anthony  to  Fort  Eidgely.  They 
went  as  far  as  Lake  Christmas,  and  there  the  sur- 
veying party  turned  back,  leaving  McGrath  and 
Wiley  to  find  their  way  alone.  A  snow-storm 
arose  and  they  suffered  much  from  exposure. 
After  searching  two  days  they  found  Stephen 
Hull,  who  pointed  out  to  them  the  site  selected 
by  Bertram.  They  at  once  commenced  the  erec- 
tion of  a  log  house,  and  put  up  a  shanty  for  their 
own  use  while  buililing  the  house.  The  house 
was  ready  for  occupancy  the  first  week  in  June. 
It  was  two  stories  in  height,  built  of  basswood 
logs  and  roofed  with  shmgles  procured  in  St.  An- 
thony. A  number  of  prospeetoi-s  had  visited 
McGrath  and  Wiley  while  building  the  house, 
and  they  often  suffered  for  want  of  provisions, 
their  generosity  leading  them  to  share  their  sup- 
plies with  the  land  seekers.  The  first  of'  the  col- 
onists to  arrive  was  Rev.  Charles  Galpin.  who 
founded  the  first  church  ui  Excelsior.  He  was 
soon  followed  by  Bertram,  who  arrived  with  a 
number  of  families.  The  association  ^mmedi- 
ateh    took  a  claim  embracmg  l(3(t  acres,  on  the 


EXCELSIOR— EARLY  EVENTS— CIVIL  HISTORY. 


249 


south  shore  of  the  lake.  This  claim  was  at  onee 
platted  into  village  lots,  ami  was  the  foundation 
of  the  present  flourishing  village  of  Excelsior. 
Mr.  McGrath  l)uilt  a  frame  house  and  soon  after, 
a  carpenter  shop,  the  latter  used  for  puhlic  meet- 
ings. The  house  slill  stands.  During  the  win- 
ter of  1853-4,  a  meeting  was  called  by  President 
Bertram,  at  which  the  name  of  Excelsior  was 
adopted  unanimously. 

FIRST   SETTLERS. 

Peter  M.  Gideon  and  A.  P.  Beenian  were 
among  the  settlers  of  1853.  William  Harvey, 
Silas  A.  Seamans,  Z.  D.  Spaulding,  William  Fer- 
guson and  others  settled  in  1854.  Among  those 
who  arrived  in  18o5-'6  and  took  claims  were  Eli- 
jah Carson,  Rev.  C.  B.  Sheldon,  Enos  Day,  W. 
B.  Jones  and  Silas  Howard.  From  this  time  on 
the  settlement  was  rapid  and  the  growth  of  Ex- 
celsior was  an  assured  fact.  Of  these  early  set- 
tlers, William  Ferguson  was  drov^ned  in  1857. 
Enos  Day  died  here  in  1874.  Bertram,  after  re- 
maining two  or  three  years  with  his  colony,  re- 
moved to  Minneapolis  and  from  there  U>  Mouticel- 
lo,  Wright  county,  where  he  died.  Nearly  all  the 
others,  of  those  mentioned,  have  remained  in  the 
homes  they  have  created  out  of  the  wilderness. 
The  substantial  farm-houses  and  residences,  pleas- 
antly located  on  the  shores  of  the  lake,  bear  evi- 
dence of  the  prosperity  which  has  attended  those 
who  ventured  here  in  early  days. 

EARLY  EVENTS.— 1855  TO  185S. 

The  first  store  was  established  by  M.  II.  Pease, 
in  1855.  The  first  mill  was  erected  the  same 
year,  by  a  stock  company  composed  of  citizens  of 
the  town.  It  was  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  occupied 
the  site  on  which  May's  grist-mill  now  stands. 
This  mill  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1858.  Ajiril 
26th,  1858,  a  newspaper  was  started  by  Fred  W.  i 
Crosby  and  Henry  O.  Hammond,  called  the  "  Ex-  | 
celsior  Enterprise."  It  was  short  lived  as  they 
succeeded  in  publishing  but  one  number. 

SAINT  ALBANS. 

In  185(3,  Morris  and  Ilargin  platted  a  village  on 
the  south-east  shore  of  Saint  Alban's  bay,  which 
they  called  Saint  Albans.  A  hotel  was  built  by 
John  McKenzie,  and  a  saw-mill  erected  by  Mor- 
ris and  Ilargin.  The  saw-mill  burned  in  1859. 
For  a  short  time  this  village  flourished,  hut  the 


financial  crisis  of  1857,  proved  too  much  for  its 
proprietors,  and  the  village  succumbed,  and  now 
no  trace  of  it  exists.  The  following  is  related 
by  an  actor  in  the  scene  :  The  proprietors  of 
the  village,  in  order  to  record  their  plat  were  re- 
quired to  produce  evidence  by  a  creditable  wit- 
ness, that  certain  improvements  had  Ijeen  made. 
The  gentleman  referred  to,  was  taken  out  from 
Minneapolis  to  view  the  "  city  "  and  testify  that 
the  improvements  required  by  law  had  been 
made.  He  arrived  at  the  ••city"  was  showai 
house  number  one,  then  taken  ovit  into  the  woods 
a  short  distance,  turneil  round  a  few  times  and 
shown  house  numljer  two.  This  was  repeated 
nntil  sU  houses  had  been  visited.  There  was 
but  one  house  in  the  place  and  he  had  been  taken 
to  it  six  times  from  different  directions.  One 
of  his  visits  was  to  the  school  C:*).  Half  a  dozen 
urchins  had  been  hastily  collected.  These 
were  placed  in  the  house  during  his  absence  in 
the  woods,  and  on  his  return  were  busily  por- 
ing over  their  books.  The  saw-mill  was  a  pile 
of  machinery  thrown  together.  Incidents  of  this 
kind  were  of  frequent  occurrence  in  those  days. 

CIVIL  HISTORY. 

April  lUth.  1858.  the  Board  of  County  Commis- 
sioners designated  township  Xo.  117  north,  range 
23  west,  as  the  town  of  Excelsior.  Tlie  first  elec- 
tion was  held  at  the  house  of  John  Green,  ^Ia> 
11th.  1858.  Dr.  E.  Snell  was  chosen  Moderator, 
and  M.  II.  Pease,  Clerk  for  the  day.  The  officers 
elected  were:  Supervisors,  R.  B.  McGrath,  chair- 
man. Lewis  Thompson  and  E.  Bennett;  Town 
Clerk,  Chas.B.  Sheldon;  Assessor,  Wm.  B.  Jones; 
Collector,  M.  H.  Pease;  Constables,  II.  L.  Bee- 
man  and  P.  M.  Gideon;  Justices,  Stephen  Hull 
and  Orville  Wilcox;  Road  Commissioner,  Morris 
Powers.  List  of  Chairmen  of  Supervisors:  1859. 
Geo.  Galpin;  1800,  S.  Norramon;  lS61-'62,  Lewis 
Thompson;  1863,  Charles  Galpin;  1864,  II.  L. 
Beeman;  1865-"66-"67,  A.  H.  Jenkins:  1868- '69, 
C.  F.  Adams;  1870,  J.  II.  Clark;  1871 -"72;  F.  G. 
Gould;  1873-'74.  L.  F.  Sampson;  1875,  O,  C. 
Meaker;  1876-'77,  Charles  May;  1878,  R,  B.  Mc- 
(Irath;  1879,  F.  G.  Gould.  The  officers  elected 
in  1880  were:  Supervisors,  L.  F.  Sampson, 
chairman,  F.  (J.  (iould  and  A.  E.  Apgar.  Clerk, 
A.  W.  Latham:  Treasurer,  J.  H.  Letson:  Assess- 
or, G.  A.  Slater;  Justice.  W.  II.  Levan;  Consta- 
ble, H.  II.  Beers. 


2d0 


HISTOBY  OF  SEXA^EPIN  COUXTY. 


Tlie  boundary  lines  of  Excelsior  remained  as 
originally  designated  by  the  county  commission- 
ers, until  March  2d,  1868,  at  which  time  the  Board 
detached  the  territory  north  of  tlie  lake  and 
added  the  same  to  the  town  of  Medina.  This 
was  done  in  accordance  with  the  petition  of  a 
majorit\-  of  the  voters.  The  north  line  of  Ex- 
celsior was  made  to  follow,  as  nearly  as  possible. 
the  middle  of  the  northern  part  of  Lake  Minne- 
tonka. 

At  a  special  town  meetuig.  held  Xovember 
6th.  1S77.  the  question  of  giving  a  subsidy  of  six 
thousand  dollars  to  a  certain  railroad,  was  de- 
feated. February  loth,  1878,  the  town  voted  aid, 
to  the  amount  of  four  thousand  dollars,  to  the 
Minneapolis  tV:  Northwestern  railroad.  The  as- 
sessed valuation  of  real  estate  in  the  town,  ex- 
clusive of  village  lots,  was  in  ISSO.  Sloo.191. 
Personal  property.  858.716.  Total  amount  of 
taxes  in  1880,  S4,064.  The  population  of  the 
township,  including  the  village,  is  930. 

CHl'KCHES. 

The  first  Congregational  church,  was  organized 
July  17.  lSo3.  with  the  following  members  :  Rev. 
Charles  Galpin,  pastor.  George  M.  and  Julia  Ber- 
tram, Samnel  Staples,  Joshua  and  Hannah  Moore . 
Clarrisa  Cleveland,  tieorge  'SI.  Powers.  David 
Griffiths  and  James  Phillips.  The  first  services 
were  held  in  the  parlor  of  the  hotel ;  after  that, 
they  occupied  a  school  house,  then  the  hall  over 
Pease's  store,  until  1857.  From  that  time  luitil 
1871,  the  upper  room  of  the  school  building  was 
used.  In  the  latter  year  the  society  erected  a 
church  at  a  cost  of  S-1,500.  The  membership 
now  numbers  105.  Kev.  Charles  Galpin  had 
charge  until  November,  1855,  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Kev.  Chas.  B.  Sheldon,  ■who  has  since 
contiiuied  in  the  pastorate  without  interruption. 

Episcopal.  The  first  building  erected  express- 
Iv  for  a  church,  was  put  up  by  the  Episcopal 
society,  in  1862.  It  was  a  neat  log  structure. 
Services  were  held  by  the  Kev.  J.  S.  Chamber- 
lain previous  to  the  erection  of  the  church.  Xo 
regular  services  are  maintained. 

The  Methodist  society  have  held  occasional 
services,  but  have  no  church  edifice  and  no  regu- 
lar organization. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  schiiol  was  held  in  a  small  log  build- 
ing erected  for  the  purpose,  and  taught  by  Miss 


Jane  AVolcott  durmg  the  summer  of  185-1.  This 
building  was  used  until  1857.  when  the  two  story 
frame  building  now  in  use  was  erected.  The 
second  story  was  used  for  church  sers'ices  on 
Sunday,  and  during  the  week  by  Rev.  Chas.  Gal- 
pin, who  kept  a  private  school  known  as  the 
••Excelsior  Institute,"  The  Institute  ceased  in 
1867,  and  the  Congregational  church  society  used 
the  room  until  1871,  Smce  then  the  entire  build- 
ing has  been  used  for  school  purposes,  and  a 
graded  school  maintained. 

Outside  of  the  village,  the  township  has  two 
entire  districts,  and  one  joint  district  with  Min- 
netonka.  District  Xo,  116  has  a  house  lo- 
cated on  section  17.  in  the  north  part  of  the 
to\ra.  School  district  Xo,  59  has  a  house  located 
near  the  county  Une,  on  section  32.  Good  schools 
are  sustained  in  all  the  districts. 

THE  EXCELSIOR   GKIST   MILL. 

AVas  built  by  C.  May,  in  1876.  at  a  cost  of  S8,000. 
It  has  three  runs  of  stone,  with  a  capacity  of  fifty 
barrels  per  day.  In  connection  with  this  mill  is 
a  stave  mill,  producing  annually  one  million 
barrel  staves,  with  heads  to  match.  The  prod- 
uct was  formerly  two  million  staves  a  year,  but 
owing  to  scarcity  of  lumljer  it  has  been  reduced. 
The  expense  of  operating  these  mills  is  about 
one  hundred  dollars  per  day.  A  six  horse-power 
engine  drives  the  machinery.  Both  mills  are 
owned  and  managed  by  Charles  May. 

XUKSERIES. 

The  township  has  three  nurseries.  One  es- 
tablished by  F.  G.  Gould,  in  1867,  has  about  ten 
acres  under  cultivation.  Sales  extend  through 
■Minnesota,  Iowa,  Wisconsin  and  Dakota  Terri- 
tory. 

A.  W.  Latham  estaVilished  one  in  1870.  with 
one  acre,  and  now  has  eight  acres.  In  1873.  began 
planting  a  vineyard,  and  now  has  five  acres  of 
grapes  under  cultivation. 

A,  Bonjour  has  a  nursery  east  of  the  village, 
containing  ten  acres,  mainly  grapes.  He  has 
about  two-thirds  of  an  acre  planted  with  straw- 
berries, inoduciug  several  varieties  of  excellent 
fruit. 

STATE   FKL"IT   FARM. 

In  18.53  Peter  M.  Gideon  made  his  claim,  and 
the  following  year  began  experimenting  in  fruit 


EXCELSIOR— RAILROADS— HOTELS. 


251 


culture.  He  continued  perseveringly,  though 
meeting  with  reverses  and  often  entire  faihire. 
In  1878,  the  state  purchased  160  acres  of  land  ad- 
joining Gideon's  farm  on  the  north,  and  estab- 
lished an  experimental  fruit  farm,  placing  Mr. 
Gideon  in  charge.  He  is,  under  the  patronage  of 
the  state,  meeting  with  flattering  success  in  rais- 
ing fruit  of  all  kinds,  making  a  specialty  of  ap- 
ples of  hardy  stock,  adapted  to  this  climate. 

RAILROADS. 

The  Minneapolis  &  Northwestern  surveyed  a 
line  in  1878,  which  passess  througli  the  township 
from  east  to  west,  south  of  the  lake.  No  work 
has  been  done  on  this  line.  The  Minneapolis  & 
St.  Louis  Railway  have  a  line,  projected  in  1880 
completed  from  Hopkins  Station,  on  the  main 
line,  to  a  point  in  Excelsior  near  the  St.  Louis 
Hotel.  On  the  north  side  of  the  township,  the 
St.  P.,  M.  &  M.  R.  R.  have  a  line,  surveyed  in 
1880.  called  the  North  Shore  Branch,  leaving  the 
main  line  near  AVayzata.  and  passing  through 
the  northern  part  of  Excelsior  to  a  point  on  sec- 
tion 17,  where  tlie  company  purpose  erecting  a 
mammoth  hotel  in  1881. 

SUMMER   HOTELS. 

The  St.  Louis  hotel  was  erected  in  1879,  on  tlie 
eastern  shore  of  Lake  Minnetonka.  It  is  fur- 
nished with  all  modern  conveniences,  and  accom- 
modates four  hundred  guests.  The  Lake  Park 
Hotel  is  located  on  the  south  shore  of  the  lake, 
on  tlie  ground  laid  out  by  the  Northwestern 
Sunday-school  Association,  known  as  the  Lake 
Park  Grounds.  It  was  built  by  this  association 
in  1879.  Now  owned  by  Seeley  &  Griswold. 
The  grounds  around  the  hotel  are  tastefully  laid 
out  in  lots,  with  drives  and  walks.  These  lots 
are  occupied  by  cottages  of  summer  visitors.  The 
hotel  occupies  an  eminence  commanding  a  line 
view  of  the  lake.  The  Hotel  Harrow  is  located 
on  Rockwell  Island,  in  the  upper  lake,  and  was 
built  in  1880.  This  building  is  finely  situated, 
and  has  rooms  for  one  hundred  and  fifty  guests. 

THE  VILLAGE  OF  EXCELSIOR. 

Excelsior  was  the  first  point  of  settlement  in 
the  township.  Here  was  located  the  post-office, 
the  first  stores,  shops,  etc.,  forming  the  iixc/exM 
around  which  the  early  settlers  located  their 
claims  and  made  their  homes.    The  village  was 


platted  in  1853.  but  remained  under  the  town- 
ship government  until  1877,  when  it  was  incor- 
porated by  act  of  legislature. 

The  first  election  was  held  April  16th,  1877,  at 
which  the  following  officers  vi-ere  elected  :  Presi- 
dent, C.  May;  Trustees,  L.  F.  Sampson,  Eh 
Small,  Jr.,  and  James  Letson  ;  Recorder,  A.  Mill- 
ner;  Treasurer,  E.  H.  Page.  Tlie  village  now 
contains  three  stores,  which  carry  stocks  of  dry 
goods  and  general  merchandise,  one  grocery  store, 
two  meat  markets,  three  blacksmith  shops,  one 
harness  shop,  one  hardware  store,  and  one  shoe 
store. 

Excelsior  has  become  one  of  the  principal 
points  of  interest  to  the  tourists,  who  flock  to 
Lake  Minnetonka  in  summer,  and  the  people 
find  themselves  sometimes  taxed  to  accommodate 
their  visitors. 

HOTELS. 

The  "  Excelsior  House  "  was  built  by  George 
Galpin  in  18o4,  and  was  at  that  time  of  small 
proportions.  The  original  building  is  now  used 
as  a  kitchen  for  the  present  hotel.  John  Green 
purchased  the  house  and  made  some  additions. 
The  ownership  then  reverted  to  Galpin.  who  sold 
it  to  a  Mr.  Beckford.  He  managed  it  about  four 
years,  since  which  time  it  has  been  owned  by  the 
Wait  family.  The  building  has  been  eidarged 
from  time  to  time,  until  it  now  contains  room 
for  loO  guests.  It  is  kept  open  summer  and  win- 
ter. 

The  "  Long  View,"  located  on  ^\  hat  is  known 
as  the  "Water  Cure  "  lot,  was  built  in  1863,  and 
accommodates  fifty  guests.  It  is  owned  and 
managed  by  Daniel  Connor. 

The  "  White  House "  is  a  t^\'o-story  frame 
building  erected,  in  1872.  It  has  a  capacity  for 
thirty  people,  and  is  conducted  by  William  Simp- 
son. 

The  •'  Slater  House  "  is  also  a  frame  building 
of  two  stories,  erected  in  1880.  It  has  room  for 
lifty  guests. 

The  •' Appledore  ■■  House  is  run  by  II.  II. 
Beers.  It  is  pleasantly  located,  and  accommo- 
dates thirty  guests  comfortably.  It  was  built 
in  1878. 

"May's  House,"  a  three-story  frame,  was  biult 
in  1877.  It  occupies  a  fine  site  overlooking  the 
lake. 


252 


HISTOBY  OF  HENKEPIX  COUNTY. 


There  are  a  number  of  boarding  houses,  among 
them  the  "  DeGroodt "  house,  and  ••  Pleasant 
tirove  "house. 

SOCIETIE.S. 

Masonic  Lodge  number  11.'?.  A.  F.  and  A.  M.. 
of  Excelsior,  was  organized  in  Jidy.  1874.  and  a 
charter  granted  by  the  txrand  Lodge  of  the 
state  in  the  year  1.S7.5.  The  first  officere  were: 
O.  C.  Meaker.  W.  M.:  1).  C.  Hunt.  S.  W.:  AVm. 
Mihier.  .J.  W.:  H.  S.  Eldridge.  Secretary;  M. 
JIa>nard.  Treasurer.  This  society  has  been  in 
a  flourishing  condition  since  its  organization. 
Until  the  fall  of  1880.  they  met  in  the  hall  over 
the  post-office.  They  now  occupy  a  room  in  a 
building  erected  for  the  lodge  by  Wm.  Simpson. 

A  Good  Templars  society  was  organized  in 
March,  lS6ti,  with  a  charter  granted  by  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  the  state.  This  society  disbanded  in 
1867.  Another  society  was  organized  in  1877.  by 
John  Dunham,  which  remained  in  existence  but 
one  year. 

BOATS. 

The  first  steamboat  to  ply  on  Lake  ilinnetouka 
was  built  by  Eev.  Chas.  Galpin.  in  185.5.  and 
called  the  "Governor  Eamsey".  She  remained  in 
service  until  18152.  when  becoming  loosened  from 
her  moorings  during  a  storm,  she  floated  out  on 
the  lake  and  sank.  She  was  afterwanls  raised, 
and  her  machinery  is  now  doing  service  in  the 
Rambler.  The  hull  was  rebuilt  and  is  used  as  a 
barge. 

The  Sue  Gardner  was  the  next  lioat.  She  was 
brought  to  the  lake  by  Charles  Gardner  in  the 
year  lSfi8.  and  reuiaiued  about  three  years. 

The  May  Queen  was  launched  in  1873  and  was 
in  service  until  June  29th,  1879,  wlien  she  was 
destroyed  by  the  explosion  of  her  boiler  at  Rock- 
well's Island.  This  explosion  was  attended  with 
loss  of  life. 

The  Hattie  Ma\  is  a  siern-wheel  boat,  UiO  feel 
long  and  eighteen  feet  wide.  She  is  owned  by 
C  May.  and  was  launclied  in  ls7s.  The  City  of 
Minneapolis,  is  a  propeller  built  in  ]88(i.  also 
owned  by  C.  May.  The  steamer  Mary  was 
launched  in  187f>.  and  was  in  active  use  imtil 
July  1st.  1881).  when  her  boiler  exploded  as  she 
was  lying  at  the  St.  Louis  Hotel  landing.  This 
explosion  was  also  attended  with  loss  of  life. 
The  Mary  was  rebuilt  by  Major  Ilalsted.  in  the 


winter  of  1SS0-"S1.  The  Saucy  Kate,  formerly  the 
Katie  May,  was  launched  in  1878.  and  exploded 
her  boiler  soon  after.  She  was  rebuilt,  and  is  now 
owned  by  Capt.  Shepard.  The  steamer  Rambler 
is  used  as  a  freight-boat.  There  are  several  sail- 
boats owned  in  Excelsior :  the  largest  of  these  is 
the  Coquette,  built  by  A.  AVestlake  in  1879. 

Several  fleets  of  small  boats,  for  the  use  of 
visitors,  are  owned  in  Excelsior,  and  at  each  of 
the  summer  hotels. 

moGKAPlilCAL. 

L.  A.  Austin,  born  in  Xorway  in  1851.  emi- 
grated to  America  in  18ti9  and  settled  at  Morris. 
Minnesota  :  he  remained  there  until  1870.  then 
moved  to  Minneapolis  and  lived  six  years,  then 
settled  on  Lake  Minnetonka.  He  was  married  in 
1873.  to  Bessie  Lai-son  of  Litchfield.  They  have 
one  child,  Ida. 

E.  A.  Babcock,  boni  in  Washington  county. 
Vermont,  in  1832.  Moved  with  parents  to  Wor- 
cester. Massachusetts,  remained  there  three  years; 
settled  finally  in  Xewport.  New  Hampshire,  until 
1839.  when  they  removed  to  Enfield,  remaining 
there  until  18H-t ;  he  then  moved  to  Excelsior. 
Minnesota.  Married  in  October.  1864.  to  Emily  L. 
Erskine.  of  Wayne  comity,  ilichigan.  They 
have  two  children  living.  His  father,  Augustus 
Babcock.  came  to  Hennepin  county  in  1854. 

II.  H.  B^ers.  born  in  Addison  county.  Ver- 
mont. 1834,  moved  to  Mower  county.  Minnesota, 
in  1872.  and  remained  there  until  1877.  when  he 
moved  to  Deadwood  and  remained  until  he  set- 
tled in  Excelsior  in  1878,  and  started  the'-Apple- 
dore  House."  He  has  been  married  twice.  His 
first  wife  tiled  in  Mower  comity.  Married  for 
second  wife,  iliss  M.  Eddy  of  A'ermont. 

A.  P.  Beeman,  Ijorn  in  Maine.  1828,  lived  at 
Lewiston.-and  Lowell.  Mass..  seven  years.  Visited 
many  parts  of  the  world,  spending  some  time  m 
AustraUa.  Gloved  to  Excelsior  in  1853,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  Enlisted  in  1863  in  Com- 
pany D.  Second  Cavalry.  Served  two  years,  was 
honorably  discliarged  at  Fort  Siielliug  in  1865. 
Married  in  1851  to  Louisa  M.  Midgley.  of  Mont- 
pelier.  Is  proprietor  of  a  Sorghum  machine  of 
Madison  Manufacturing  Company's  patent  crush- 
er and  Stubbs  pans,  with  capacity  for  150  gallons 
per  day. 

A.   Bonjour.   bt>rn   in  Switzerland,  1835,  emi- 


EXCELSIOR— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


253 


grated  to  America  in  1872.  Settled  in  Clian- 
liassen,  Carver  county,  Minnesota,  wliere  lie 
remained  for  two  years,  when  lie  moved  to  Ex- 
celsior, where  lie  has  since  resided. 

A.  D.  Burch,  born  in  St.  Lawrence  county. 
New  York,  September,  1843.  Moved  to  Michi- 
gan in  1870,  remained  there  until  1873.  Came  to 
Excelsior,  Minnesota,  in  1878.  Attended  the 
Wesleyan  Seminary  in  St.  Lawrence  county,  N. 
Y.,  graduated  in  the  law  department  at  Ann 
Arbor,  Michigan,  in  1869.  He  followed  teaching 
several  years ;  the  present  term  is  his  third  one 
at  Excelsior  as  principal  of  the  graded  schools. 
Married  in  1870  to  Lotta  Johnson,  of  Xew  York. 
Two  children  have  been  born  to  them. 

J.  II.  Clark,  born  in  Bennington,  Vermont, 
1830.  Moved  to  Wyoming  county,  X.  Y.,  thence 
to  DeKalb  county,  Illinois.  ^larried  Susan  Dud- 
ley in  1848  ;  went  to  California  in  1840  ;  returned 
in  1850  ;  went  again,  and  returned  to  Illinois  in 
1851,  where  he  remained  four  years,  removed  to 
St.  Anthony,  Minn.  ;  thence  to  Wayzata,  lieing 
one  of  the  first  settlers  ;  in  185H  pre-empted  the 
land  on  which  Long  Lake  village  now  stands  ;  in 
the  year  ]8o8,  moved  to  Excelsior,  and  in  IsiiO  re- 
turned to  Illinois  and  located  in  Henry  county  ;  in 
1862  enlisted  in  112th  Illinois  regiment,  serving  as 
Sergeant,  promoted  to  Lieutenant  by  Governor 
Yates,  had  entire  command  of  the  company  for 
two  years  ;  was  wounded  at  Atlanta,  absent  from 
command  only  about  four  months ;  joined  the 
company  at  battle  of  Franklin.  On  dispersion 
of  Hood's  army  joined  Sheniian"s  command  at 
Goldsboro,  North  Carolina,  and  was  mustered 
out  at  Greensboro,  and  honorably  discharged  at 
Chicago,  July  3,  1865,  returning  to  his  family  in 
Henry  county,  where  he  remained  until  the 
spring  of  1867,  when  lie  returned  to  Excelsior. 
Has  been  honored  with  all  its  otlices.  lie  repre- 
sented his  district,  in  1877-8,  in  the  House.  He 
is  the  father  of  eight  children,  seven  now  living. 

Elijah  Carson,  born  in  Somerset  county,  Maine, 
1806;  lived  there  thirty  years :  moved  to  Cliica- 
go  and  remained  one  year.  All  his  family  died 
there  excepting  one  daughter ;  moved  to  Bloom- 
ington,  Illinois,  and  remained  four  years  ;  settled 
in  Excelsior,  Minnesota,  in  1855,  and  has  lived 
here  ever  since  excepting  four  years  in  California. 
Married  in  1866  to  Maria  Wilson  of  Excelsior. 

Daniel  Connor,  born  in   Ireland,   1823,  moved 


to  America  in  1849,  and  settled  in  New  York 
where  he  remained  two  years  :  moved  to  Elgin, 
Illinois,  and  worked  at  shoeniaking  five  years ; 
moved  to  Delavan,  Wis.,  and  lived  five  years,  then 
removed  to  Excelsior,  Minnesota,  and  settled  on 
the  banks  of  Lake  Minnetonka.  He  began  keeping 
summer  boarders  in  1863,  at  Long  \'iew  House, 
once  known  as  the  Water  Cure  site.  Enlisted  in 
Independent  Kangers,  as  2nd  Lieutenant,  serving 
as  Captain  Co.  II,  state  Militia.  Married  in  1872 
to  ilary  Ann  Nifort. 

Fritz  Dittfach,  born  in  Germany,  1843.  Emi- 
grated to  America  in  1869,  and  settled  at  Winona, 
where  he  remained  about  one  year,  then  to  Rush- 
ford,  and  worked  two  years  as  second  miller,  and 
two  years  as  first  miller.  Worked  in  the  Anchor 
mill  at  Minneapolis  a  short  time;  then  took 
cliarge  of  May's  mill  at  Excelsior.  Has  been 
married  twice.  His  present  wife  was  Janett 
Miller,  of  Rushford.  He  has  had  four  children; 
three  are  now  living. 

Enos  Day,  born  in  SI.  Albans,  Vermont,  in 
1800.  Lived  there  twenty-one  years,  then  moved 
to  Franklin  county.  New  York.  Married  to  his 
third  wife,  Lucinda  Simonds,  in  1833.  Moved  to 
St.  Anthony,  Minnesota,  in  1856,  and  to  Excel- 
sior the  same  year.  Died  in  1874.  His  wife  died 
in  1872. 

George  E.  Day,  born  in  Franklin  county.  New 
York,  in  1845.  Lived  with  his  parents  until 
their  death,  excepting  the  time  spent  in  the  army. 
Enlisted  August  14,  1S62.  in  Company  B.  9tli 
^Minnesota  Volunteers.  Served  tlu'ee  years,  and 
was  discharged  at  Fort  Snelling.  JNIarried  in 
1877  to  Mrs.  Stoddard,  daughter  of  C.  J.  West- 
lake.     They  have  one  child. 

Alcibiades  Day  (deceased),  born  in  Franklin 
county.  New  York,  1839.  Enlisted  in  Comiiany 
E,  113th  Illinois  and  died  in  the  hospital  at 
Memphis,  Tennessee,  in  the  spring  of  1862. 

William  H.  Ferguson,  born  in  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  in  1816.  Emigrated  to  .Vmerica  in 
1825.  and  settled  in  Maryland.  Married  in  18t5 
to  Lydia  Dale  Esty.  Taught  school  in  Rockland 
county,  New  York,  live  years,  and  was  railroad 
agent  in  Chemung  comity  five  years.  Moved  to 
Minnesota  in  1854,  and  settled  on  what  is  now 
known  as  Ferguson's  Point.  His  house  was  the 
resort  for  the  Indians.  He  was  drowned  Novem- 
ber 22d.  1857.     Thev  had  two  children.      Mrs. 


254 


HISTOSY  OF  HENXEPIN  COUNTY. 


Ferguson  was  married  in  1862  to  Frederick  Holtz, 
of  Prussia,  who  enlisted  in  Company  G.  4tli  Min- 
nesota Volunteers,  in  November,  18(U.  and  was 
wounded  at  Corinth,  Mississippi,  in  July,  1862. 
Died  at  Minneapolis.  January  ItUh,  1869. 

P.  M.  Gideon  was  born  in  Champaign  county, 
Ohio,  in  1820.  Lived  there  twenty-one  years, 
then  moved  to  Clinton.  Illinois;  from  there  to 
Excelsior.  Minnesota,  in  18o3.  where  he  found 
plenty  of  Indians,  and  but  half  a  dozen  families 
of  whites  around  the  lake.  lie  is  superintendent 
of  the  state  experimental  fruit  farm,  founded  in 
1878.  He  began  fruit  growing  in  1854.  His 
efforts  have  been  experimental,  and  have  been  to 
his  entire  satisfaction  ;  he  is  now  one  of  the  most 
successful  fruit  growers  in  Minnesota.  Married 
Wealthy  Hall.  January  2d,  1849.  They  have 
seven  children. 

Silas  Howard  was  born  in  Providence  county, 
Rhode  Island,  in  1804.  "VVas  engaged  in  the  coal 
and  wood  trade  in  the  East  until  he  came  to 
Minnesota  in  1858,  and  took,  under  the  home- 
stead law,  what  is  now  known  as  Howard's 
Point,  located  on  upper  Lake  Minnetonka.  Mar- 
ried in  1845  to  Lydia  Reed.  One  child  was  born 
to  them— Simeon,  born  in  1846.  Came  to  Min- 
nesota with  his  parents,  and  lives  on  an  adjoining 
farm.  He  was  married  in  1870  to  Adeline  Kib- 
bey.  They  have  had  three  children,  two  now 
living. 

A.  H.  Hopkins,  born  in  Providence.  Rhode 
Island,  in  1837.  Moved  to  Hennepin  county  in 
1 854,  and  located  near  Hopkins  Station.  Married 
in  1859  to  Susan  C.  "Wood,  of  Providence.  Re- 
turned in  the  same  year  to  the  old  home.  In 
1861  came  to  Excelsior,  and  has  since  made  it  his 
home.  Enlisted  in  1862  in  Company  B,9th  Min- 
nesota Volunteers,  serving  one  year  under  Gen. 
Sibley  among  the  Indians  ;  then  under  Generals 
Smith  and  Sturgis,  in  the  war  of  the  Rebellion, 
two  years.  "Was  honorably  discharged  at  Fort 
Snelling  in  1865.  Is  a  member  of  the  Old  Set- 
tlers' Association.  They  have  four  children  now 
living. 

Andrew  Hoiby,  born  in  Norway,  in  1846. 
Came  to  America  in  1868,  and  settled  in  Minne- 
apolis, working  at  his  trade  luitil  he  moved  to 
Excelsior,  in  1878,  and  established  his  present 
business,  blacksmith  and  wagon-maker.  Has 
been  married  twice.     First  wife  died  in  Norway. 


His  second  wife  was  Bertha  Delle,  of  Excelsior, 
whom  he  married  in  1878. 

L.  C.  Hilton,  born  in  North  New  Castle,  Maine, 
where  he  lived  for  twenty-two  years,  when  he 
came  to  Minnesota,  and  settled  at  Princeton. 
EnUsted  at  Red  Wing,  in  Company  F,  6th  Min- 
nesota A'olnnteers,  Served  in  the  company  about 
one  year;  then  was  transferred  to  the  invalid 
corps,  and  was  honorably  discharged  at  Fort 
Snelling,  Returned  to  Princeton,  remained  there 
until  1877,  then  bought  his  present  farm  on  Lake 
Minnetonka.  Married  Lucretia  tiarlinghouse,  in 
1S71,     Is  the  father  of  four  children,  all  living, 

William  Harvey,  born  in  Scotland,  1813.  Mov- 
ed to  America  in  1850.  Settled  in  Broome  coun- 
ty, N,  Y.,  then  moved  to  McLean  county,  Illi- 
nois, Came  to  Hennepin  county  in  1854,  and 
took  a  claim  in  Excelsior,  on  which  he  has  since 
lived.  Married  1835,  in  Scotland,  to  Isabel  Mil- 
ler,   Had  one  child,  that  died  in  Scotland. 

J.  J,  Harrison,  bom  in  Erie,  Pennsylvania, 
1848,  Moved  to  Juneau  county,  Wisconsin, 
where  he  lived  until  he  came  to  Minnesota  in 
1874,  settling  in  Excelsior  in  1877.  In  1878  he 
bought  the  blacksmith  shop  which  he  is  now- 
operating.  Jilarried  in  Juneau  county,  Wiscon- 
sin, to  Abbie  Button.  They  have  three  children 
living. 

August  Hay.  born  in  New  York  city,  1850. 
Moved  to  ^linneapolis  in  1867,  and  embarked  in 
the  meat  business,  which  lie  followed  until  1880, 
when  he  located  at  Excelsior  in  the  same  busi- 
ness. Married  in  1877  to  Caroline  Thaler,  of 
New  York  City.    Is  the  father  of  one  child. 

Jesse  L.  Jellison,  born  in  Ellsworth.  Maine, 
1845.  Moved  to  Springfield,  Illinois  ;  moved  to 
Minneaiiolis  when  thirteen  years  old,  which  has 
been  his  home  since.  Enlisted  in  company  E, 
Eighth  Minnesota,  in  1862,  Served  a  few  months, 
when  he  enlisted  again  in  Hatch's  Battallion,  in 
1863,  and  served  against  the  Indians.  Was  hon- 
orably discharged  at  Fort  Snelling  in  1866.  Mar- 
ried in  1871  to  Elldora  Fuller.  They  have  four 
children. 

W.  B.  Jones,  born  in  Madison  county,  New 
York.  1828.  iloved  and  located  in  Saint  An- 
thony in  1855,  then  to  Excelsior  in  l.SoG.  Took  a 
claim,  and  in  1860  started  a  store.  Was  Post- 
master for  eighteen  years.    Has  been  twice  mar- 


EXCELSIOR— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


255 


ried,  the  first  time  in  1850 ;  the  second  in  1876  to  I 
Mary  H.  Moore. 

A.  W.  Latham,  born  on  Massachusetts  Bay, 
1845.  Came  to  Minneapolis  in  1865,  and  tanght 
school  two  years.  Served  a  short  term  in  the  war 
of  the  rebellion.  Married  in  1867,  to  Miss  D.  W. 
White.  They  have  five  children.  He  started  a 
nursery  in  1870,  and  now  has  five  acres  appropri- 
ated to  grape  culture.  The  stock  of  this  nursery 
is  pecularly  adapted  to  the  climate  of  this  state 
and  Manitoba. 

W.  H.  LeVan,  born  in  Columbia  county,  Ohio, 
1844,  where  he  lived  until  eighteen  years  of  age, 
when  he  moved  to  Washington  county,  Illinois. 
There  he  remained,  except  a  short  time  spent  in 
Ohio,  until  1874,  when  he  came  to  Excelsior. 
Married  in  1866,  to  Miss  A.  A.  AVay,  of  Jefferson 
county,  Illinois.     Tliey  have  five  children. 

E.  K.  Luce  was  born  in  Oneida  county,  Xew 
York,  1839.  He  Lived  there  until  twenty-six 
years  of  age,  then  moved  to  Saint  Joseph,  Michi- 
gan, and  was  engaged  in  the  fruit  business  until 
1878,  when  he  moved  to  Minneai>olis.  July  loth, 
1880,  came  to  Excelsior  and  engaged  with  Aug- 
ustin  Thompson.  Married  in  1865,  to  Elizabeth 
Dixon,  of  Oneida  county.  New  York.  Tliey  have 
one  child. 

T.  McArty.  liorn  in  Washington  county,  Indi- 
ana, 1820.  Lived  in  different  parts  of  the  state 
until  1854,  then  moved  to  Carver  county,  Minne- 
sota. He  was  married  to  Harriet  A.  Thompson, 
of  Elkhart  county.  Indiana,  in  1848.  He  en- 
listed in  the  Xew  York  Rifies  in  1864.  was  taken 
prisoner  at  Cold  Harbor  and  taken  to  Auderson- 
ville  Prison,  where  lie  died  from  ill  treatment  in 
1865.  They  have  five  children.  :\Irs.  JIcArty 
was  born  in  Wayne  county,  Indiana,  and  now 
lives  at  Excelsior. 

R.  B.  McGrath,  born  in  Oxford  comity,  Maine, 
1831.  Moved  to  Lewiston  Falls  in  1850,  and 
worked  at  carpentering.  In  1851  he  went  to  Chica- 
go, then  to  Dubuque,  Iowa,  where  he  remained 
until  1853.  He  then  came  to  Excelsior.  Was 
the  first  white  settler  at  this  point,  and  built  the 
first  log-cabiii.  Enlisted  in  Company  D,  Second 
Cavalry,  in  1863,  and  was  honorably  discliarged 
at  Fort  Snelling  in  1865.  Married  to  liis  first 
wife  in  1856.  She  died  in  1858.  Married  again 
in  1866,  to  Nellie  Midegly.  They  have  two  child- 
ren. 


O.  C.  Meaker,  born  in  Monkton,  Harrison 
county,  Vermont,  1835.  When  nine  years  of  age 
he  went  to  Barre,  Washington  county,  where  he 
lived  eleven  years,  learning  the  moulder's  trade 
and  working  at  the  same.  Moved  to  Jlinnesota 
and  settled  in  Excelsior  in  1871,  and  has  since  re- 
sided here,  acting  as  Chairman  of  town  board  one 
year  and  J  ustice  of  the  Peace  two  years.  Married 
Mary  Hale,  of  Stowe,  March  4th,  1856. 

E.  D.  Newell,  born  in  Essex  county.  New 
York,  1848.  Moved  with  parents  to  Prescott, 
Wisconsin,  and  remained  until  1877.  Came  to 
Minneapolis  in  May.  1879,  and  in  June  of  same 
year  moved  to  Excelsior  and  established  his  pres- 
ent millinery  and  ladies'  furnishing  store,  the 
first  one  of  the  kind  in  the  town.  Married  in 
1871  to  Edla  D.  Cook,  of  River  Falls,  Wisconsin. 
Their  two  children  liave  passed  to  the  better 
land. 

E.  H.  Page,  Ijorn  in  Penn  Van,  Yates  county. 
New  York,  1842.  Moved  with  his  parents  to 
Litchfield  county,  Connecticut,  and  lived  there 
until  1.SB7.  when  he  moved  to  Excelsior,  JNIinne- 
sota.  In  1875  he  married  Ellen  II.  Pease,  a  wid- 
ow whose  husband  established  the  Pleasant 
Grove  House,  which  they  have  enlarged  to  double 
its  former  capacity.    They  have  four  children. 

E.  R.  Perkins.  M.  D.,  born  in  Orleans  county. 
New  York,  1843.  Received  his  medical  educa- 
tion at  the  Halinemann  Homoeopathic  Medical 
College  of  Philadelpliia.  First  commenced  the 
practice  of  medicine  at  Excelsior.  May.  1878. 
Came  to  the  state  in  1854.  JSIarried  in  1864  Julia 
A.  Chase.  Enlisted  in  1861  in  Company  D,  Sec- 
ond Regiment  Infantry.  Discharged  honorably 
at  Nashville.  Tennessee.  They  have  four  child- 
ren: Louis,  Willie,  Grade  and  Edna. 

C.  E.  Prince,  born  at  Windsor,  Berkshire  coun- 
ty, Mass.,  in  1856,  and  resided  there  until  1862, 
when  he  moved  to  South  Adams,  and  remained 
until  1874,  then  moved  to  Green  Lake  county, 
Wisconsin.  In  1875  came  to  Excelsior,  Minne- 
sota, where  he  has  since  lived.  Has  been  in  the 
employ  of  L.  F.  Sampson  and  C.  May,  as  book- 
keeper, and  is  now  engaged  with  A.  Thompson. 

L.  F.  Sampson  was  born  in  Franklin  county, 
Maine.  1843.  and  lived  there  until  he  came  to 
Saint  Anthony  in  1853,  where  he  resided  until 
1864.  He  then  settled  in  Excelsior.  In  1876  es- 
tabUshed  himself  in  mercantile  business.     Ap- 


256 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


pointed  Postmaster  in  1878.  which  office  he  now 
holds.  He  enlisted  in  comyiany  D.  First  Minne- 
sota Infantry.  :XIay.  1801.  AVas  wounded  at  the 
battle  of  Antietam,  and  honorably  discharged  at 
I'plin.  Chester  county.  Pennsylvania,  in  the  hos- 
pital in  1863.  Enlisted  a.sain  in  Battery  II.  First 
Minnesota  Heavy  Artillery,  as  First  Sergeant,  in 
1865.  and  served  until  close  of  the  war.  Mar- 
ried July.  1865.  to  Eliza  Spaulduig.  Have  six 
children. 

Harvey  E.  Scott,  born  iu  Orleans  county.  Ver- 
mont. 1824.  Came  to  Minnesota  in  1865.  En- 
listed in  company  E.  First  Mimiesota  Infantry, 
and  served  under  General  ^IcClellan  for  three 
years.  Honorably  discharged  at  Washington, 
D.  C.  in  1864.  Wounded  and  tiiken  prisoner  at 
Savage's  Station.  Spent  23  days  at  "  Libby 
prison."  Exchanged  at  City  Pouit  and  transferred 
to  the  A'eteran  Reserve  Conis.  Came  to  Excel- 
sior, and  located  where  he  now  lives.  Married 
in  1869.  to  Mary  E.  Murray.  They  have  three 
children. 

Silas  A.  Seamans.  born  iu  Providence  county, 
R.  I.,  in  1823.  Moved  and  lived  in  Windham 
county,  Conn.  When  eighteen  yeai-s  old,  returned 
to  Rhode  Island,  and  came  to  excelsior  in  1854. 
When  he  first  came  here,  there  were  but  two 
houses  in  the  town.  He  took  a  claim,  and  has 
been  engaged  in  farming  until  the  last  few  years, 
which  have  been  spent  at  his  trade  as  painter. 
He  enUsted  in  company  B.  iXhith  Minnesota 
A'olunteers,  and  ser\ed  among  the  Indians.  He 
has  married  tAvice.  the  second  time  to  Elizabeth 
Cole  of  Excelsior. 

Rev.  C.  B.  Sheldon,  born  in  Williamstown. 
Berkshire  county,  Mass..  in  1821.  tiraduated  at 
William's  College  in  1847,  then  entered  the  AVes- 
tern  Reserve  Theological  Institute,  where  he  re- 
mained three  years.  First  pastoral  charge  was  at 
Republic,  Seneca  county,  Ohio.  Remained  there 
until  1855.  when  he  started  for  River  Falls.  AA'is., 
with  his  own  private  conveyance,  traveling  a  dis- 
tance of  over  one  thousand  miles  toPrescott,  AA'is., 
where  he  learned  another  minister  had  been  ap- 
pointed for  River  Falls,  and  thai  the  conference 
had  recommended  him  to  Excelsior,  Mimi.  He 
at  once  started  for  that  place,  and  reached  it  No- 
vember 16,  1855,  where  he  found  six  houses,  and 
a  church  membership  of  thirty-seven.  Preached 
his  first  sermon  in  the  sitting  room  of  the  hotel. 


After  that  held  meetings  in  Pease's  Hall  for 
three  years.  Jilarried  in  1847.  to  :Mary  K.  Pren- 
tice, of  South  Canaan.  Conn.  They  have  eight 
children  living. 

.  William  Simpson,  born  in  New  Brunswick,  in 
1837.  where  he  remained  until  1865.  when  he  set- 
tled at  Excelsior,  opened  the  Excelsior  House, 
which  he  conducted  for  two  years  ;  then  took  the 
AVhite  House,  which  he  has  eidarged  to  accom- 
modate about  ninety  guests.  Married,  in  1869, 
to  a  daughter  of  Pardon  Sherman,  of  Indiana. 

G.  A.  Slater,  born  in  Champaign  county,  Illin- 
ois, in  1843.  Came  to  Minnesota  in  1865.  Set- 
tled in  Carver  county.  Uved  there  until  he 
moved  to  Excelsior,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
In  1880.  opened  the  Slater  House,  which  he  has 
enlarged  to  accommodate  fifty  guests.  ^Married, 
in  1867.  to  Miss  R.  C.  Thompson.  They  have 
three  children. 

Z.  D.  Spaulding.  bt)rn  at  Pomfort,  A'ermont, 
in  1821.  Moved  to  Sullivan  county.  Xew  Hamp- 
shire :  lived  there  twenty-two  years,  and  moved 
to  Burrellville,  R.  I.,  where  he  learned  the 
machinists'  trade.  Came  to  Minnesota  in  1854. 
Settled  near  Excelsior,  experiencing  many  hard- 
ships, having  to  grind  corn  in  a  coffee  mill. 
Married  bis  third  wife,  Nancy  J.,  daughter  of 
Amasa  and  Anna  Seamans.  in  1875.  ^Ir.  Spauld- 
ing rememl^ers  the  Indian  raid  of  1862,  very 
distinctly.  At  that  time  many  of  his  neighlioi-s 
removed  to  Minneapolis. 

P.  H.  Turner,  born  in  Kennebec  county.  Maine, 
in  1838.  Came  to  Minnesota  in  1856.  and  settled 
in  St.  Anthony,  where  he  conducted  the  harness 
business.  Also  opened  a  shop  in  :Minneap(Jis. 
managing  both  at  the  same  time.  He  then  spent 
four  years  in  Anoka  county,  farming.  In  1876, 
located  in  Excelsior,  and  opened  the  only  harness 
shop  in  town.  Married,  in  1876.  to  Beulah  Phil- 
brook.    Have  two  children. 

Augustin  Thompson  was  born  in  Somerset 
county,  Maine,  in  1847.  and  came  to  :Minnesota 
in  1863.  Located  in  Minneapolis.  In  1874  he 
engaged  in  the  drug  and  fancy  goods  business, 
which  in  1879  he  removed  to  Excelsior,  and  has 
since  conducted  a  general  merchandise  business. 
Married.  January  loth,  1871,  to  Miss  E.  Xettie 
Parker,  of  Minneapolis.  She  was  the  fifth  white 
child  born  in  Hennepin  county. 


MINNETBISTA—SETTLEMEN  T. 


257 


MINNETRTSTA. 


CHAPTER  XLI. 

GENERAL   DESCRIPTION — FIRST  SETTLEMENT — 
EARLY   SETTLERS — ORGANIZATION — SCHOOLS 

— CHURCHES- POST    OFFICES STORES— lilO- 

GRAPHICAL. 

Minnetrista  is  located  in  the  extreme  south- 
western corner  of  Hennepin  county.  It  is  bound- 
ed on  the  north  by  Independence,  west  and  south 
by  Carver  county,  east  by  Excelsicu'  and  Medina. 
The  surface  is  gently  undulating,  with  an  occa- 
sional abruption,  which  tends  to  enhance  its  gen- 
eral appearance  and  take  from  it  all  evidence  of 
monotony.  Originally,  it  was  covered  with  a 
heavy  growtli  of  hard  and  soft  maple,  white  and 
red  oak,  bassvvood  and  elm.  But  these  somewhat 
formidable  barriers  have  yielded  to  the  advancing 
stroke  of  settlement  and  civilization,  and  at  the 
present  time,  but  a  small  portion  of  the  original 
timber  remains,  tlie  settlers  ha\'ing  cleared  it  for 
farming  purposes.  The  town  is  dotted  here  and 
there,  with  lakes,  the  largest  one  being  Whale 
Tail  Lake,  so  called  on  account  of  its  sliape. 
No  fish,  like  the  one  that  gave  Jonah  hispre-his- 
toric  notoriety,  swim  its  pure  waters ;  but  the 
modern  sizes  are  found  in  abundance,  which  grow, 
perhaps,  with  reference  to  the  size  of  the  modern 
frying  pan.  Ox  Yoke  lake,  which  derived 
its  name  from  being  in  the  form  of  an  ox  yoke ; 
Long  Lake,  so  named  because  of  its  length, 
which  is  more  tlian  one  mile ;  Dutch  lake,  so 
named  in  an  early  day  on  account  of  there  being 
a  settlement  of  Germans  on  its  borders.  Here 
they  settled,  bringing  with  them  the  manners  and 
customs  of  the  Father-land,  only  to  be  crystal- 
lized into  the  American  manners  and  customs. 
Langdon  Lake,  in  honor  of  B.  V.  Langdon, 
the  first  clerk  of  this  town ;  "Woodward  lake. 
in  honor  of    D.   Woodward  who  located  on  its 

banks.    Sanders  Lake,  named  for  N.  H.  Sanders, 
17 


who  settled  on  land  lying  between  Ilalsted's 
Bay  and  the  lake  bearing  his  name.  He  was 
one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  the  south-east- 
ern part  of  the  town,  which  is  almost  entire- 
ly covered  by  Lake  Minnetonka  and  small  bays, 
prominent  among  which  are  ••Ilalsted's"  bay,  in 
honor  of  Frank  W.  Halsted,  an  old  settler,  and 
"Cook's"  bay,  named  in  honor  of  M.S.  Cook  who 
is  one  of  the  pioneers. 

FIRST   SETTLEMENT. 

The  different  parts  of  the  town  of  Minnetrista, 
seem  to  have  been  settled,  at  or  near  the  same 
time.  In  the  south- western  part  two  brothers, 
Joseph  and  John  Merz,  made  a  claim  of  320 
acres,  on  section  thirty-two,  some  time  during 
the  fall  of  1S.58.  Init  did  not  locate  here  until  the 
spring  of  1854.  During  the  same  year  a  claim  of 
141  acres  was  made  by  John  Carman  (then 
living  in  Excelsior)  for  M.  S.  Cook.  This  claim 
was  made  on  section  thirteen,  on  what  is  now 
known  as  Cook's  Bay.  In  the  spring  of  18o4,  X. 
11.  Sanders  and  J.  F.  Buck,  arrived  and  made 
claims  in  this  part  of  the  township.  They  at 
once  erected  a  log-house  on  Sander's  claim,  in 
which  they  lived  the  first  summer.  In  the  fall  of 
this  year  M.  S.  Cook  arrived  and  built  a  house  on 
his  claim.  The  first  settlement  made  in  the 
north-western  part  of  the  town,  was  by  Samuel 
L.  Merriman,  who  made  a  claim  of  120  acres  on 
section  six  in  the  spring  of  18.57. 

EARLY   SETTLERS. 

Among  the  very  earliest  settlers  on  Upper  Lake 
Minnetonka  was  Frank  William  Halsted,  who,  in 
the  summer  of  18oo  built  his  first  home,  ••  Rough 
and  Ready  "  cabin,  on  the  west  shore  of  that 
beautiful  bay,  designated  on  the  map  of  Lake 
Minnetonka  in  honor  of  him,  as  ••  Ilalsted's  Bay." 
The  clearing,  about  an  acre,  and  the  cellar  of  that 
cabin,  yet  mark  the  spot;  around,  the  grand  old 
woods  yet  remain,  as  when  he  for  many  years 


258 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


viewed  and  enjoyed  them.  Likewise  the  beautiful 
water  views  in  front  of  his  cabin  home.  Capt. 
Ilalsted  was  born  in  Xewark.  New  Jersey,  in  1833, 
and  was  the  youngest  sou  of  the  late  Chancellor, 
Oliver  Spencer  Ilalsted.  of  Xew  Jersey.  AVhen 
sixteen  years  old.  having  a  taste  for  the  sea. 
he  adopted  Greeley's  advice,  "  Go  west,  youug 
man."  and  went  to  that  lltima  Tluik.  California, 
by  way  of  Cape  Horn,  three  brothers  accompa- 
nying him.  Keturning  in  1850.  he  next  sought 
the  West,  overland,  coming  to  Mmnesota  in  18.5.5. 
He  remained  until  the  l)reaking  out  of  the  Re- 
bellion, in  ISiil,  when,  feeling  competent  to  serve 
his  country  in  the  naval  service,  he  obtained  a 
commission  in  June  or  July  of  that  year,  as  mas- 
ter's mate,  and  served  under  Flag  Officers  String- 
ham  and  (ioldsborough.  most  of  the  time  in  com- 
mand of  a  vessel  comprising  part  of  that  fleet. 
At  the  capture  of  llatteras  Inlet.  August  28th 
and  29th.  18(51 .  he  with  his  brother.  Major  G.  B. 
Halsted  (the  latter  then  secretary  to  Flag  Ofticer 
Stringham).  were  on  lx)ard  the  flagship  Minne- 
sota. (One  of  the  pictures  in  the  Hermitage  is 
a  very  flue  view  of  that  famous  ship  and  tights 
Dissatisfied  with  Flag  Officer  Goldsborough, 
whose  loyalty  and  courage  they  doubted,  both 
the  brothers  resigned,  the  elder,  the  secretary, 
now  the  major,  November  Vith,  18t>l,  joining  the 
army  November  11th,  1861,  as  lieutenant  and  aid- 
de-camp  to  ■•  fighting  Phil  Kearney,"  was  in  the 
war  to  the  end,  being  at  Appomattox  Court- 
House  when  Lee  surrendered.  Frank  resigned 
later,  at  Hampton  Roads,  refusing  to  serve  longer 
under  GoldsV)orougli.  wliom  he  told  on  the  deck  of 
the  Minnesota.  "  By  your  vulgar  aud  foul- 
mouthed  profanity  you  violate,  every  day,  m  the 
presence  of  this  ship's  crew,  the  articles  of  war  you 
have  read  to  them  on  Sunday."  His  resignation 
then  and  there,  was  not  done  with  the  intention  of 
remaining  inactive  while  war  was  going  on  against 
the  government  beloved.  Soon  after,  lie  enlisted 
as  an  aide  seaman,  in  Chicago,  and  was  sent  the 
same  day,  in  charge  of  a  squad  of  men,  to  the 
receiving  ship,  of  the  Mississippi  squadron,  at 
Cairo.  Xot  long  after  joinmg.  he  went  before  a 
l)oard  of  officers,  appomted  for  the  purpose  of  ex- 
amining and  selecting  any  then  in  the  service 
who  might  prove  competent  for  promotion.  He 
was  appointed  acting  master  in  the  U.  S.  Xavy. 
which  look  him  in  one  step,  from  the  forecastle. 


past  the  steerage,  into  the  ward-room,  thus  soon 
finding  in  this  squadron,  higher  ranktlianhe  had 
held  in  the  Xorth  Atlantic  squadron.  He  has 
related  an  mcident,  occurring  soon  after  his  pro- 
motion, when,  on  being  detailed  to  sit  as  member 
of  a  court  martial,  lie  found  beside  him  at  the 
table  the  officer  to  whom,  but  a  short  time  before, 
he  had  enlisted  as  an  able  seaman,  who.  with  a 
look  of  great  surprise,  inquired  how  he  came 
there:  to  which  came  tlie  prompt  reply.  ■•  By  the 
same  orders  which  brought  you  here."  Most  of 
tlie  time  in  the  Mississippi  squadron  he  was  in 
command  of  the  steamer  General  Pillow,  sta- 
tioned at  Mound  City,  surrounded  by  and  in  the 
care  and  charge  of  a  great  numlier  of  vessels, 
loaded  with  all  kinds  of  ammunition,  for  the 
destniction  of  which  the  ■■Johnny  Rebs" 
were  constantly  de\'ising  schemes :  m  which, 
however,  owing  to  the  care  and  vigilance  of 
Capt.  Halsted,  they  were  foiled.  A\'hile  here, 
his  own  steamer.  General  Pillow,  took  tire, 
and  an  eye  witness,  on  the  vessel  at  the  time, 
heard  from  officers  and  men  warm  praise  of 
the  gallantry  and  daring  of  their  commander, 
who,  taking  the  hose  in  his  own  hands,  gomg  be- 
low^ where  the  fire  was  located,  not  far  from  the 
magazine,  remained  until  the  fire  was  extin- 
guished. After  the  close  of  the  war,  beuig  hon- 
orably discharged,  he  returned  to  his  loved  Min- 
nesota home,  and.  in  18G6.  built  his  larger  cabin, 
on  the  main  lake,  well  known  as  ■■  The  Hermit- 
age." 
Here  he  resided  tuitil  the  time  of  his  sad  death 

m  1876.  Though  often  solicited  by  his  admiring 
neighbors  to  accept  pidilic  positions  in  civil  life, 
he  declined,  with  the  excei>tion  of  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  and  on  another  occasion  serving  as  one  of 
a  commission  for  the  improvement  of  navigation 
on  Lake  Minnetonka. 

"We  think  it  would  be  found  on  investigation 
that  the  fii^st  marriage  in  the  town  of  Minuetris- 
ta.  was  solenmized  liy  Justice  Halsted.  We  have 
heard  him  laugh  over  his  experience  in  joining 
together  his  two  German  neighboi-s.  making  the 
two,  one.  Dwelling  alone  for  many  years,  nay. 
all  the  time  on  Lake  Minnetonka.  except  occa- 
sional visits  of  relatives  from  the  East,  he 
acquired  the  name  of  "Hermit  of  Lake  Miinie- 
tonka"  and  his  cabin.  --Tlie  Hermitage."  Yet 
those   who  knew  him  then,  and  recall  him  now, 


MINNMTBISTA—EABLY  SETTLEBS. 


2o9 


easily  remember,  there  was  not  mudi  of  tlie  j 
accepted  attributes  of  tlie  old  time  Hermit,  in 
Captain  Frank  (as  lie  was  often  called)  whose 
companionable  qualities  of  heart  and  head,  were 
well  known  to  all  having  the  pleasure  of  his 
aciiuaintance. 

His  cabin  had  more  charms  for  its  owner  than 
the  city  could  offer,  and  he  here  passed  much  of 
his  time  in  company,  as  he  said,  of  the  best  of 
men  and  women,  his  favorite  authors ;  his 
shelves  being  well  supplied  with  copies  of  the 
American  and  English  classic  authors,  both  in 
poetry  and  prose.  He  was  an  excellent  sailor  and 
kept  a  small  sloop  yacht,  which  was  always  ready 
for  his  friends,  who  could  with  safety  trust  them- 
selves to  his  skillful  pilotage.  No  one  on  Lake 
Minnetonka  was  more  popular  with  summer  visi- 
tors, or  more  respected  by  inhabitants  of  its 
shores,  old  and  young,  than  Frank  Halsted. 

In  the  winter  of  1875-6,  he  built,  near  "The 
Hermitage,"  the  beautiful  steamer  "Mary,"'  called 
by  this  name  in  honor  of  the  kindest  of  mothers, 
then  deceased.  Before  she  was  fully  completed, 
in  June  1876,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  disap- 
peared from  his  home,  and  after  several  days  his 
body  was  found  in  the  Lake,  near  Crane  Island, 
under  such  circumstances  as  induced  the  Jury  of 
Inquest  to  conclude  it  was  a  case  of  suicide. 

In  compliance  with  an  oft  expressed  wish,  that 
when  he  died,  lie  wanted  to  be  buried  on  the  bank 
of  the  lake  he  loved  so  well,  he  was  buried  at 
"  The  Hermitage."  The  true  cause  of  this  much 
lamented  and  melancholy  occurrence,  must  ever 
remain  a  mystery.  The  Captain  died,  and  made 
no  sign.  Those  who  knew  him  be^t,  and  his 
highly  refined  and  sensitive  nature,  and  especially 
his  repugnance  to  indebtedness,  believe  that  he 
became  despondent  over  an  midertaking  less  for 
pecuniary  gain,  or  the  hope  thereof,  than  for  pro- 
viding increased  facilities  and  boat  accommoda- 
tions for  the  rapidly  increasing  intlux  of  summer 
visitors  to  Lake  Minnetonka.  Owe  no  man  any- 
thing, was  his  motto.  He  felt  the  truth  of  the 
text,  "the  debtor  is  slave  to  the  creditor."  In 
building  the  "Mary"  he  incurred  debts,  whidi, 
to  ordinary  business  men,  would  have  been  a 
trifle  ;  to  him  it  was  a  load  more  than  he  could 
bear.  He  died  lamented  by  all  who  knew  him, 
and  is  yet  held  in  most  pleasing  remembrance. 

John  Carman,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  this 


county,  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  in  1801,  where 
he  remained  for  twelve  years,  when  he  moved  to 
Pennsylvania,  and  worked  on  a  farm  until  twenty 
years  of  age.  He  was  married  to  Miss  Susan 
Cope,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  afterward  moved  his 
family  to  Mahoning  county,  Ohio,  where  be  re- 
mained until  1853,  when  he  moved  to  Minnesota, 
stopping  a  few  months  in  Ramsey  county;  thence 
to  Minnetonka,  in  September,  of  the  same  year, 
and  pre-empted  what  isiiow  known  as  "  Carman's 
Pomt,"  on  Upper  Lake  Minnetonka,  where  the 
beautiful  resort,  "  Spring  Park,"  is  located.  He 
lived  there  until  1860,  wlien  he  sold  and  moved 
to  the  place  now  known  as  "  Maple  Shade.''  In 
1868  he  returned  to  New  Jersey,  where  he  died, 
December  13, 1877.  His  family  consisted  of  seven 
children :  Ann,  William,  Carry,  Benton,  Mary, 
Frank,  Emma  and  Lizzie.  His  son  Frank  was 
born  in  Ohio,  and  now  lives  at  Mound  City.  Is 
one  of  the  navigators  of  the  Lake,  and  runs  a 
steam  freight  boat  from  Mound  City  to  Wayzata. 

Mathias  S.  Cook,  one  of  the  early  pioneers  of 
the  town,  was  born  in  Columbiana  county,  Ohio, 
May  19th,  1830  ;  lived  with  his  parents,  Job  and 
Mary  A.  Cook,  mitil  twenty  years  of  age.  He 
was  married  in  1850,  to  Miss  Anna  W.,  daughter 
of  John  and  Susan  Carman,  of  Ohio.  In  1854, 
he  moved  to  Miimesota,  and  settled  on  the  claim 
where  he  now  lives.  His  first  dwelling  was  a  log 
cabin,  14x20,  one  and  one-half  stories  high,  it 
being  the  third  house  built  on  the  upper  lake,  and 
was  the  stopping  place  for  tlie  weary  traveller  in 
those  early  days.  His  buildings  are  now  56x42 
feet,  and  three  stories  high.  Situated  on  the 
north  margin  of  "  Cook's  Bay,"  known  through 
all  this  region  as  "  Cook's  Landing."  Air.  Cook 
has,  M'ith  many  others,  had  his  full  share  of  the 
hardships  known  only  to  those  ^^ho  lived  here  in 
those  early  days  ;  is  now  an  honored  and  respect- 
ed citizen  of  his  town,  and  has  filled  many  offi- 
ces of  public  trust. 

Frederick  A.  Jennings,  one  of  the  early  settlers 
of  the  town,  was  born  in  London,  England,  May 
19th.  1807.  His  father,  an  officer  in  the  British 
army,  died  in  1819.  In  1822,  the  subject  of  this 
sketcli,  emigrated  to  America,  and  in  1828  mar- 
Miss  Mary  Moult,  who  died  in  1830.  Mr.  Jen- 
nings embarked  in  commission  business,  dealing 
largely  in  iron.  In  connection  with  this,  he  op- 
erated the  first  and  only  rolling  mill  near  Phila- 


260 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


delpbia.  lie  also  introduced  the  fii'st  process  of 
puddling  iron  by  stone  coal  heat,  which  was  a 
great  economy  in  its  manufacture;  which  busi= 
ness  he  continued  up  to  1842,  when  he  moved  to 
Centre  county,  Pennsylvania,  establishing  a  large 
mercantile  trade,  conducting  a  furnace,  and  run- 
ning several  freight  boats  to  Philadelphia.  Tliis 
business  he  conducted  for  ten  years,  then  made  a 
visit  to  England,  being  appointed  by  Secretary 
Webster  to  bear  messages  to  England  ;  remained 
there  one  year.  Returned,  and  lived  in  Pitts- 
burgh, engaging  wlUi  llarvy  Chikls  &  Co.  for  sev- 
eral years.  In  the  fall  of  1855,  his  family  moved  to 
Minnesota  and  settled  on  the  farm  he  now  owns. 
In  1857.  he  joined  his  family  in  their  new-  wild 
home,  on  what  is  now  known  as  "  Jennings  Bay," 
Lake  Minnetouka,  oneof  the  attractive  views  of 
this  famous  resort,  lie  remained  with  his  family 
until  1 861 ,  when  he  was  appointed  to  a  fourth  class 
clerkship  in  the  United  States  Treasury  Depart- 
ment at  Washington,  where  he  remained  until 
1877,  when  he  returned  to  his  pleasant  home  in 
Minnetrista.  to  live  free  from  the  strain  of  com- 
mercial and  political  life.  His  second  marriage, 
to  Mary  A.  Parrish,  occurred  July,  1832.  He  has 
five  children  living ;  Frederick  A.,  Elizabeth  :P., 
Annie  P.,  Susan  J.,  and  James  G.  His  son 
Fred,  served  in  the  First  Minnesota,  also  in 
the  Second,  and  ranked  as  1st  Lieutenant;  was  in 
N"ew  Mexico,  on  garrison  duty  ;  at  the  end  of  tlie 
rebellion  mustered  out  at  St.  Louis,  ilissouri ; 
now  lives  in  ilinneapolis. 

Samuel  L.  Merrinian,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers 
of  Minnetrista,  was  born  in  Alleghany  county, 
New  York,  1825.  When  twenty  years  old  learned 
the  shoemakers  trade,  which  he  followed  for  five 
years,  then  bought  half  interest  in  a  lumbering 
mill  and  operated  inuler  the  name  of  Jiler- 
riman  and  I»Ioorehouse  for  two  years,  when  he 
sold  his  interest  and  moved  to  Cumberland 
county,  Illinois,  and  engaged  in  farming  and 
other  pursuits  till  tlie  spring  of  1856,  when 
he  came  to  what  is  now  Jilumetrista  and  pre- 
empted the  farm  on  which  he  now  lives. 
Like  many  other  pioneers  of  the  northern  wilds 
he  suffered  many  hardships  during  the  early 
years  of  his  life  here.  May,  1851,  was  married 
to  Miss  Marian,  daughter  of  Lovet  H.  and  Xancy 
Obert,  of  Alleghany  county,  New  York,  who 
died  February,  1877. 


ORGANIZATION. 

April  10.  1858,  Town  117.  Range  24,  was  set 
apart  by  the  county  commissioners  as  ''German 
Home."  This  name  was  retained  until  the  organ- 
ization of  the  town,  which  occurred  in  the  spring 
of  1859,  when  the  legal  voters  met  at  the  house 
of  M.  S.  Cook  and  took  steps  for  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  same.  Several  names  were  proposed 
and  rejected.  The  name  of  Minnetrista  wiis 
finally  proposed  and  accepted.  Minne  (meaning 
waters)  and  trista  (meaning  crooked),  and  from 
the  fact  that  the  town  contained  so  many  crook- 
ed lakes,  this  name  was  considered  as  the  most 
appropriate,  and  was  accepted.  Tlie  first  election 
was  held  at  this  time,  when  the  following  oflieers 
were  elected  :  Supervisors,  Peter  Mitchels,  chair- 
man, M.  S.  Cook.  Ephraim  Dudley  ;  Town  clerk, 
R.  Y.  Langdon. 

At  a  special  meeting  held  December  31,  1864, 
it  W'as  voted  to  raise  fifteen  dollars  for  each  family 
wherein  were  drafted  men.  Tlie  following  re- 
ceived that  amount :  Warren  Merrimaii,  A.  Black, 
Cyrus  Beaman,  Martin  Ort,  John  Keiser,  Henry 
Trunes,  John  Adelberger,  Joseph  Ebert,  A.  Ebert, 
Joseph  Ball,  A.  Schneider,  F.  Merz,  John  Ilirsch- 
berger,  Wm.  Schuler,  Joseph  Schmidt,  James 
Bailey  and  Epliraim  Dudley.  The  town  levied  a 
tax  for  the  extermination  of  sijuirrels.  March  14, 
1876,  resolved,  that  two  cents  each  be  paid,  for 
rat,  goplier  and  chipmunk  tails.  The  tcnvii  con- 
tains 18,576  acres.  Assessed  valuation  of  real 
estate  in  1880,  $219,359.  Personal  property, 
?33.806.  Total  amount  of  taxes.  1880,  $2,540, 
with  a  population  of  844. 

CHUUCHES. 

The  German  Baptist  Church,  located  on  Section 
32,  was  organized  November  22,  1858,  and  the 
present  church,  a  log  structure,  was  built  iu  1865, 
at  a  cost  of  about  floO.  It  has  services  every 
Sunday,  also  a  Sunday  School,  which  is  well 
maintained. 

St.  Bonifaciiis  Catholic  Church,  built  in  1859, 
is  a  log  structure,  and  was  organized  by  Father 
Shearer,  now  of  Hastings.  In  connection  with 
the  above  churcli  is  a  parish  school,  which  was 
started,  and  the  building  erected,  in  1864. 

SCUOOLS. 

This  town  was  divided  by  the  Town  Supervisors 
in  1861,  into  three  districts.     It  now  has  five. 


MINNETBISTA—HOTJELS—STOBES— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


261 


Schools  had  been  held,  however,  previous  to  this 
time ;  one  at  the  house  of  a  Mr.  Gribble,  near 
where  Mound  City  now  stands,  in  the  summer  of 
1860,  and  taught  by  Miss  Celia  iSturman.  Another 
was  held  in  the  house  of  Peter  Mitchels,  and 
taught  by  Miss  Emma  Carman.  School  No.  86, 
located  on  section  13,  was  the  first  school  house 
built  in  the  town,  is  a  log  structure,  and  still 
stands.  School  No.  96  is  located  on  Section  32. 
School  No.  84.  is  located  on  Section  ■').  School 
No.  83,  (Joint  Miinietrista  and  Independence)  lo- 
cated on  Section  2,  in  the  north  part  of  the  town. 

HOTEL.S. 

Mr.  M.  S.  Cook  has  "  kept  liotel "'  ever  since  his 
first  settlement,  and  may  be  truly  called  the  pio- 
neer hotel  man  of  the  Upper  Lake.  Is  now  owner 
of  the  "  Lake  View  "  house,  so  called  from  its 
fine  view  of  the  Upper  Lake.  Many  of  the  sum- 
mer tourists  find  their  way  to  this  l)eautifnl 
retreat,  beguiling  the  time  in  fishing  on  the  lake,  or 
hunting  in  the  woodlands  that  surround  '"Cook's." 

Chapman  House  was  built  by  S.  Chapman, 
in  1875;  a  structure  32x44  feet,  three  stories 
high.  In  1876  an  addition,  26  x  32  feet,  three  stories 
high,  was  made,  and  in  1878  a  dining-hall,  22  x  64, 
with  an  L,  17x34  feet,  capable  of  seating  three 
hundred  people,  was  added,  making  it  large,  airy 
and  commodious. 

STEAM    MILI>. 

Mr.  Cook  built  a  flour  and  feed  mill  in  1.S80, 
14x20  feet,  engine  room  12x24  feet,  one  run  of 
stone,  which  is  found  to  be  a  great  convenience. 
S.  L.  Merriman,  also  runs  a  small  feed-mill  during 
the  winter  time,  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
neighborhood. 

POST-OFFICES. 

The  first  post-offlce  in  the  town  was  established 
in  1856,  and  named  St.  Bonifacius,  John  Merz 
appointed  postmaster.  It  was  moved  one  mile 
north  of  the  village  in  1873.  Minnetrista  post- 
office  was  established  in  1861,  on  section  6,  and 
Norman  Shook  appointed  postmaster.  A  post- 
offlce  was  established  in  1876  at  Mound  City,  and 
a  Mr.  Pearl  appointed  postmaster. 

STORES. 

The  first  store  in  the  town  was  started  at  St. 
Bonifacius,  by  .John  Merz  and  Anthony  Cramer, 
in  18.59,  Mr.  Merz  succeeding  to  the  entire  control 


one  year  later.  At  Mound  City  there  are  two 
stores  carrying  a  general  stock.  The  first  was 
established  in  the  fall  of  1876,  by  Hill.  Acker  \- 
Armstrong,  of  St.  Paul,  who  sold  to  Griggs,  Fos- 
ter &  Co.,  who  are  its  present  proprietors.  The 
second  store  was  started  by  E.  Weeks,  in  the  fall 
of  1880. 

SHOPS. 

The  first  blacksmith  shop  was  established  on 
section  10,  by  A.  W.  (Jlark,  in  the  fall  of  1866. 
In  1868  he  built  where  he  now  is,  on  section  9. 
Another  blacksmith  shop  was  started  at  Jtlound 
City,  in  1876,  which  was  operated  for  a  short  time. 

nrOGHAPUICAL. 

Richard  Ball  was  born  in  England,  August  2'J. 
1819.  He  lived  with  his  father,  who  was  a  mem- 
ber of  Parliament.  12  years.  At  the  age  of  nine- 
teen he  Vi'ent  to  New  Zeahuul.  spent  five  years 
there  merchandizing.  Returned  to  England  and 
went  to  Australia,  spent  ten  \ears  there,  doing  a 
very  successful  mercantile  Ijusiness.  Retm'ued 
to  England  and  established  a  large  mercantile 
and  farming  business  until  1876,  when  he  emi- 
grated to  America,  and  settled  on  the  farm  where 
three  of  his  sons  now  live.  In  the  spring  of  1880 
he  bought  'the  Delano  Flouring  and  Saw  mill, 
which  he  is  now  improving  to  make  it  the  best 
mill  in  Wright  county.  He  now  lives  at  Delano 
village.  AVas  married  in  England  to  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Masters.  They  have  eight  children. 

Frank  Carman  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  came  to 
Minnesota  with  his  parents  in  1823.  lie  enlisted 
in  Company  D,  Sixth  Minnesota  Infantry  in  1862, 
and  served  until  mustei-ed  out  at  Fort  Snelling 
in  1865.  He  was  married  to  Miss  Adelia  Moore 
of  Hennepin  county,  Marcli  22.  1S6S,  and  the 
year  following,  located  at  the  pleasent  home  in 
Movmd  city  where  he  has  since  resided.  They 
have  four  children  ;  Herbert,  James,  Mabel  and 
Delia.  Mr.  Carman  is  engaged  in  running  a 
steam  freight  boat,  betv*een  Mound  City  and 
Wayzata  on  Lake  Minnetonka. 

Allen  W.  Clark  \\as born  in ( 'alaraugus county. 
New  York,  March  22,  1830.  His  father  died 
July  4,  1852,  leaving  Allen  to  care  for  the  family, 
which  he  did  faithfully.  He  was  engaged  in 
blacksmithing  until  1866,  wlien  he  came  to  Mhnie- 
Irista,  where  he  has  since  divided  his  time  in 
farming  and  blacksmithing.     In   1870,  his  shop 


262 


HISTOBT  OF  HENNEPIX  COUNTY. 


was  destro}-ed  by  fire,  and  in  1877  his  liouse  was 
burned  ;  after  each  disaster  he  rebuUt.  He  was 
married  Xoveniber  2,  1854.  to  Miss  Abigal  K. 
Merriman  of  X  Y.     They  have  two  children. 

Ashbel  lugerson  was  bom  in  Jefferson  county. 
Xew  York,  Sei)tember  19.  1827.  At  the  age  of 
eighteen  he  went  to  Georgia  and  remained  three 
years  teaching  school.  He  spent  four  years  as 
civil  engineer  in  Xew  York  state,  and  came 
west  in  1855.  Remained  in  Indiana  one  year, 
and  then  came  to  Steele  county.  Minnesota.  In 
1858  was  elected  county  surveyor.  In  1862  he 
enlisted  in  the  Fifth  Minnesota,  and  served  ten 
months,  participating  in  several  battles  ;  he  was 
then  transfered  to  the  signal  service  and  dis- 
charged in  1865.  He  was  clerk  in  the  United 
States  Treasury  department  for  two  years,  and 
in  1867  settled  in  Hennepin  county.  He  was 
engaged  four  seasons  on  government  sur\eys  in 
northern  Minnesota.  He  represented  his  district 
in  the  house  in  1875,  and  has  taken  an  active 
part  in  public  affaii^s.  In  1880  he  removed  to  his 
present  home.  ■'Aralia."  on  the  west  bank  of 
Minnetonka.  He  married  Sarah  A.  Chase  in 
1857,  and  they  have  had  six  children. 

Aaron  ^lerriman  [deceased]  was  born  in  Una- 
dilla.  Otsego  county.  Xew  York.  July  12th.  1801. 
When  twelve  years  of  age  he  moved  with  the  fam- 
ily to  Alleghany  county,  Xew  York.  Married, 
March  8th.  1821 .  to  Miss  Charlotte  Taylor.  They 
have  seven  children  living.  He  spent  most  of  his 
time  in  milling  and  farming,  up  to  1866,  when  he 
came  to  Mhnietrista.  Mr.  Merriman  died.  Sep- 
tember loth.  1875. 

Warren  Men-iman  was  born  in  Alleghany  coim- 
ty,  Xew  York.  February  16th.  1823.  He  lived 
with  his  parents  until  eighteen  yeare  of  age,  when 
for  one  year  he  worked  on  the  Erie  canal,  then 
worked  at  the  carpenter  and  joiner  trade  for 
about  twenty-two  years.  In  1862  he  settled  in 
Minnetrista.  May  28th.  1864.  enlisted  in  Co.  I. 
Sixth  Mum.  Inf.  Served  one  year  and  was  mus- 
tered out  at  Montgomery.  Alabama.  Married 
Miss  Rhoda  Clark.  December  31st.  1864:  Had 
four  children.  The  living  ones  are  Anor  A.  and 
Joseph  A, 

Eugene  Merriman  was  born  in  Alleghany 
county.  Xew  York,  March  17th.  1N50.  He  worked 
on  the  farm  with  his  father,  tUl  1866,  wlien  with 
his  parents  he  came  to  Minnetrista.  and  settled. 


Married  June  21st.  1871.  to  Miss  Lorena  Cook. 
They  have  four  children 

Francis  McCuUough  was  born  in  Crawford 
county,  Pennsylvania,  March  22d,  1843,  He  lived 
in  ChautaiKiua  county.  Xew  York,  six  years,  and 
in  Alleghany  two  years.  In  1852.  went  to  McKean 
county,  Pennsylvania.  In  December,  1861,  en- 
listed in  Co.  F.  1st  Pennsylvania  Rifles:  ser\-ed 
luitil  1864.  when  he  was  appointed  by  General 
Meade.  2d  Lieut,  of  Co.  I.  190th  Penn.  Inft.  He 
was  taken  prisoner  at  "Weldon  R.  R..  August  19th. 
1864.  and  kept  in  Libby  Prison  two  montlis,  also 
at  SaulsVnuy  Prison,  one  month:  then  to  Danville, 
and  back  to  Libby  Prison  again:  in  one  month 
was  paroled,  and  taken  to  Annapolis  hospital, 
Maryland.  Returned  home  on  a  furlough,  joined 
his  regiment  again,  and  after  Lee's  surrender, 
was  mustered  out  at  Washington,  June,  1865. 
In  the  fall,  he  came  to  St.  Anthony.  Minnesota. 
April  30th.  1868.  was  married  to  Miss  Susan  J. 
Jemiings,  They  have  six  children  :  Mary  P.. 
Francis  E.,  Frederick  J..  WilUam  E..  Ellanora  J., 
Lucy  A.  The  family  moved  to  their  present 
home  on  Jeunuigs  Bay.  Lake  Minnetonka.  in  1868. 

Eliza  J.  Roemer,  the  sidjject  of  this  sketch, 
was  bom  in  Lincoln.  Maine,  March  26th,  1831, 
and  came  with  her  parents.  W.  S.  and  Matilda 
Stinson.in  1849.  to  St.  Anthony.  Miiuiesota.  Jan- 
uary 27th,  1850.  she  married  W.  M.  DwineUs, 
of  Ramsey  county,  who  was  one  of  the  fii"st  brick 
makers  in  St.  Paul,  where  he  died.  June  19th. 
1875.  In  1876.  the  widow  and  family  came  to  Min- 
netrista. She  has  three  children  living.  Charles 
C.  Clara  B..  and  Emma  J.  July  9th,  1877,  Mre. 
Dwinells  married  AV.  H.  Roemer,  who  was  bom, 
April  21st.  1850.  in  Pike  county.  Pennsylvania, 
and  commenced  photographing  at  thirteen  yeai-s 
of  age.  then  learned  the  harness  trade,  and  fol- 
lowed other  pureuits  until  isGS.  when  he  came  to 
Minnetrista.  They  have  a  tine  home,  three  miles 
south  of  Maple  Plain. 

William  T.  Wliitehouse  was  born  in  Brooklyn. 
Xew  York.  January  12th.  1852.  Married  in  1872, 
to  Miss  Mary  Major.  He  did  a  large  busuiess  in 
boots  and  shoes  at  Troy,  till  1876,  then  moved  to 
St.  Paul,  and  engaged  in  the  same  business.      In 

1877.  he  bouglit  the  place  where  he  now  Uves. 

1878.  nioNcd  his  family  to  what  is  now  called 
••  Maple  Shade."  He  organized  the  ^Miiuietonka 
Xavigation  Company  in  1880.  He  intends  to  have 
the  largest  fleet  of  steamei-s  on  Lake  Minnetonka. 


INDEPENDENCE— EARL  Y  SETTLERS. 


263 


INDEPENDENCE. 


CHAPTER  XLII. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  —  EARLY  SETTLERS  — 
TOWN  ORGANIZATION,  ETC.  —  STATISTICS  — 
VILL.\GES—R.\ILROADS— SCHOOLS— CHURCHES 
— BIOGR.\PHIC.\L. 

Independence  is  situated  in  the  western  iiaitof 
tlie  county,  and  derives  its  name  from  Lake  In- 
dependence, a  large  lake  lying  partly  in  this  town 
and  partly  in  Medina.  The  surface  is  mainly 
rolling  and  timbered.  A  belt  of  nearly  level  land , 
however,  extends  around  Maple  Plain,  and  to  the 
southwest.  The  town  is  well  supplied  with  wild 
meadow  land,  and  has  many  small  marshes. 
Nearly  a  dozen  lakes  dot  the  surface,  and  two 
streams  flow  through  it.  Lake  Independence  is 
the  largest  of  the  lakes,  and  is  situated  a  mile 
from  the  little  village  of  Maple  Plain.  It  is  a 
beautiful  sheet  of  water,  about  two  miles  in 
length,  an<l  one  in  width,  with  good  Ashing.  The 
scenery  around  the  lake  is  very  charming,  notice- 
able features  of  which  are.  Cedar  Point,  at  the 
north,  and  Pickerel  Point,  at  the  southwest. 
The  lake  derived  its  name  from  a  party  of  Fourth 
of  July  excursionists.  Kelsey  Ilinman,  one  of 
the  party,  named  it  Lake  Independence,  in  honor 
of  the  national  holiday,  on  which  their  excursion 
took  place.  In  the  northern  part  of  the  lake  is  a 
small  island,  which  was  once  covered  with  red 
cedar,  and  has  several  times  been  hihaliited  for  a 
short  time.  The  outlet  of  Lake  Independence  is 
Pioneer  Creek,  the  principal  stream  of  the  town. 
This  stream  flows  in  a  southwesterly  course  across 
the  town,  into  one  of  the  small  lakes,  winch,  in 
this  county,  are  frequently  united  in  a  chain  by 
small  creeks,  until,  at  last,  their  waters  are  dis- 
charged into  the  boundary  rivers.  The  soil  of 
the  town  is  a  close  clay,  of  grayish  color.  The 
timber  is  hard  wood,  with  a  liberal  intermixture 
of  basswood. 


EARLY    SETTLERS. 

The  town  was  flrst  settled  in  1854-0,  by  Job 
Moffat,  Iivin  Shrewsbury,  John  R.  McGary,  E. 
Hoisington,  John  M.  Williams,  J.  B.  Perkins,  E. 
Brandon.  AV'illiam  Fogleman  and  others.  The 
death  of  ^Nlr.  Lewis  was  the  first  in  the  present 
limits  of  the  town.  The  flrst  white  child  born 
in  the  town  was  Lizzie,  daughter  of  Daniel  and 
Margaret  Styner.  She  is  now  Mrs.  E.  B.  Dodd. 
and  resides  in  Minneapolis.  Tlie  flrst  marriage 
was  that  of  Kelsey  Ilinman  and  Miss  Lydia  Ann 
Moffat,  in  the  siiringof  1S.5().  The  mother  of  the 
bride.  Mrs.  Job  Moffat,  was  the  flrst  white  woman 
in  the  town.  The  family  removed,  several  years 
since.  Mrs.  Wm.  Fogleman  is  the  oldest  settler 
of  those  now  remaining.  Her  family  came  origi- 
nally from  Xorth  Carolina,  but  had  lived  twenty 
years  in  Indiana  before  coming  to  Minnesota. 

They  reached  the  present  site  of  Wayzata, 
!May  12th.  1855.  cutting  their  own  road  a  portion 
of  the  way  from  Minneapolis.  They  made  a 
claim  on  Long  Lake,  but  soon  left  it  for  their 
present  location,  near  >Iaple  Plain,  .\mong  the 
old  settlers  of  Independence  was  ^Mlliam  Cox, 
who  made  and  improved  a  claim,  now  ow-ned  by 
Joshua  Styner,  on  section  22.  He  came  here 
from  Indiana,  in  1850,  and  had  never  seen  a  rail- 
road until  the  present  line  was  built  through  his 
farm;  although  over  sixty  years  old.  About  two 
years  after  the  road  was  built  he  moved  to  low'a, 
and  died  soon  after.  One  mile  west  of  JIaple 
Plaui,  and  lying  partly  on  the  original  claim  of 
Mr.  Cox,  is  Armstrong,  a  flag  station,  now  little 
used,  and  having  no  agent. 

In  1S57,  John  and  Xeedham  Perkins,  laid  out  a 
village  plat  on  the  soulli  liank  of  Lake  Indepen- 
dence, a  part  of  whicli  is  now  in  ^ledina.  They 
each  built  a  frame  dwelling-house.  These  were 
the  flrst  frame  buildings  in  this  region,  and  are 
still  standing.  Needliam  Perkins  also  built  a 
saw-mill,  and  opened  a  small  store,  both  of  which 


264 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


were  abandoned  after  about  two  years.  A  school- 
house  was  also  erected  in  the  present  limits  of 
Medina. 

Aside  from  the  inconveniences  incident  to  west- 
ern emigration,  the  early  settlers  of  Indepen- 
dence suffered  from  two  causes  not  usual — In- 
dians and  grasshoppers.  These  two  pests  caused 
inconvenience  and — the  latter  especially — hard- 
ship. Hordes  of  8ioux.  not  at  this  time  posi- 
tively hostile,  hovered  around  the  settlements, 
rendering  themselves  obnoxious  as  beggars  and 
pilferers.  In  the  winter  of  18.56-7.  about  300 
of  them  were  encamped  on  Pioneer  Lake,  and 
the  following  winter  about  douVile  the  number 
wintered  on  the  same  camping  ground.  Shako- 
pee,  a  sub-chief,  was  their  leader,  w  ho  fell  at  the 
battle  of  Wood  Lake,  near  the  Yellowstone,  in 
an  engagement  with  General  Sibley's  expedition, 
in  1862.  Their  circle  hunts  swept  the  game  in 
the  near  vicinity  out  of  the  reach  of  the  settlers, 
and  deprived  them  of  even  a  fair  share.  During 
the  first  winter  of  their  unwelcome  visit,  they 
killed  209  deer,  in  the  near  vicinity  of  their  camp. 

The  grasshopper  scourge  was.  however,  the 
greatest  hardship.  Late  in  July,  1856.  invading 
swarms  came  from  the  nortliwest,  and  began 
overspreading  the  country.  In  the  fall,  vast 
swarms  invaded  this  town,  and  remained  until 
the  following  June.  Xo  green  leaf  or  herb 
escaped  the  voracious  insects,  either  in  the  fall 
or  spring,  and  starvation  seemed  imminent.  For- 
timately,  relief  came  to  the  afflicted  settlers  from 
a  novel  source.  There  arose  a  demand  for  an  un- 
usual article,  the  ginseng  root,  with  whidi  the 
woods  aboinided.  Agents  were  stationed  at  \arious 
points,  to  purcliase  it  for  shipment  to  China.  The 
settlers  seem  to  have  been  provided  for  by  a  dis- 
pensation almost  as  miraculous  as  the  feeding  of 
the  children  of  Israel  with  manna.  They  collect- 
ed large  amounts  of  the  root,  and  by  money  re- 
ceived from  its  sale,  tided  over  the  hardship. 

TOWN   ORGANIZATION,   ETC. 

The  town  was  organized  in  18-58.  and  the  tirst 
town  meeting  held  on  Tuesday,  May  11th.  at  the 
house  of  .1.  Wilson.  The  meeting  was  called  to 
order  by  Ricliard  McGary.  Robert  P.  Stinson 
was  chosen  Moderator  and  William  C.  Hazleton, 
Clerk.  The  whole  number  of  votes  cast  was 
18,  and  the  following  officers  chosen.  Supervisors: 


Irvin  Shrewsbury,  Chairman.  Daniel  Styner  and 
Ebeuezer  Brandon:  Clerk.  Norman  Shook; 
Assessor,  William  C.  Hazleton:  Collector,  X.  E. 
McGary;  Justices  of  the  Peace.  Eobert  P.  Stin- 
son and  Henry  Swingler;  Constables.  Wesley 
Hall  and  Earl  Iloisington;  Overseer  of  High- 
ways. John  C.  Williams.  The  first  regular  meet- 
ing of  the  new  Board  was  held  May  lilth,  at 
which  meeting,  it  was  ordered  that  each  160  acres 
of  land  in  the  town  be  assessed  at  SoOO.and  that  a 
tax  of  tliirty  cents  per  SlOO  be  levied  upon  such 
lands  for  roads  and  highways:  also  ordered,  "that 
each  and  every  inhabitant  over  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  and  under  the  age  of  tifty  years,  shall  per- 
form two  days  work  as  directed  li\  the  Over- 
seer of  Roads  and  Highways."  At  a  meeting  of 
the  Board  to  audit  accounts.  March  2!>th.  18.59, 
the  orders  delivered  and  audited  amounted  to 
$98.59,  which  amount  represented  the  town  ex- 
penses for  its  tirst  year.  We  also  give  a  com- 
parison of  the  amotuit  of  mail  matter,  ten  years 
ago  and  now  as  a  significant  item.  Ten  years 
ago.  when  George  W.  Smith  first  became  post- 
master at  Maple  Plain,  one  pigeon-liole,  3Jx4 
niches,  furnished  ample  storage  for  all  mail  mat- 
ter. X'ow,  two  hundred  weekly  papers  and  seven 
dailes  are  received,  with  a  proportional  increase 
in  other  mail  matter.  The  town  officers  at  pres- 
ent are:  Supervisors, — AVilliam  ^V.  Budd.  Chair- 
man. Jolni  Batdorf.  John  R.  Stinson:  Clerk.  R. 
M.Mills:  Assessor  and  Treasurer.  John  H.  Mc- 
Gary. 

STATISTICS. 

The  population  of  Independence  by  the  census 
of  1880,  is  844.  Xumber  of  acres,  exclusive  of  town 
lots,  21,344.  Assessed  valuation  of  the  same  in 
1869.  S8o,936:  in  1875,  3138,127  :  In  1880.  ?228,- 
671.  Personal  pi'operty  at  assessed  valuation,  in 
1869,  §16,8-55  ;  in  1875,  624,211 ;  in  1880.  $35,999. 
Taxes  in  1869,  §2,763  ;  in  1875,  §2,942 ;  in  1880, 
§4,022.  Horses  in  1860.  86 ;  in  1875. 121 ;  in  1880, 
218.  Cattle  over  two  years  old.  in  1869.443;  in 
1875,  588  ;  in  1880,  512.  Sheep,  in  1869,  324  ;  in 
1875,230;  in  1880,593.  Hogs,  in  1869,  245;  in 
1875,  232;  in  1880,  195..  Wheat  in  1869,  7,.523 
busliels  ;  in  1875, 10,836  bushels  ;  in  1880,  acreage, 
1,260. 

XILLACiES. 

After  the  railroad  was  fairly  in  progress  in 
18H8,  a  small  village  plat  was  laid  out  during  the 


INDEPENDENCE— SCHOOLS—GBURCHES— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


265 


summer,  by  H.  C.  and  W.  Budd,  and  later,  another 
adjoining  the  first  on  the  west,  by  William 
11.  Marsh.  This  second  plat  is  now  the  village 
of  Maple  Plain,  and  the  business  part  of  the 
town.  It  lies  in  section  24,  while  tlie  original 
plat  was  in  section  25.  Here  are  the  hotels, 
stores,  blacksmith  sliops,  mills,  etc. 

MANUFACTURING. 

The  town  has  two  steam  saw-mills,  also  a  synip 
manufactory,  run  Ijy  a  stationary  engine.  The  ca- 
pacity of  the  syrup  factory  is  22o  gallf)ns  per  day. 
During  the  season  of  18.S0,  it  manufactured  3,0o.3 
gallons.  Mr.  E.  D.  Burnett  owns  a  small  steam 
saw-mill  on  Pioneer  Creek,  a  little  north  of  Arm- 
strong station.  A  Ijlacksmith  shop  and  a  wagon 
shop  complete  the  record  of  mills  and  shops. 

There  are  two  hotels,  two  stores  antl  an  eleva- 
tor. The  elevator  is  owned  by  the  Elevator 
Company.  It  is  little  used  except  as  a  store- 
house. A  church,  school  house  and  Good  Tem- 
plar's hall  comprise  the  public  buildings. 

POST  OFFICE. 

Mr.  Irvin  Shrewsbury,  who  in  18t)0,  repre- 
sented the  district  in  the  Legislature,  was  the 
first  postmaster.  The  oflice  was  establislied  in 
1856  and  located  at  his  residence,  near  the  cen- 
tre of  section  26.  The  mail  was  Ijrought  weekly 
from  Miimeapolis.  This  was  the  terminus  of 
the  route  until  an  otfice  was  established  at 
"Watertown. 

liAILKOAI). 

In  1868  a  railroad,  now  known  as  the  St.  Paul, 
Minneapolis  and  Manitoba  Hallway,  was  built 
through  the  town,  and  in  September  the  station. 
Maple  Plain,  was  established. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  house  in  Independence,  was 
near  the  present  site  of  school  No.  81,  and  was 
built  in  the  springof  1858.  A  log  building  14x18 
feet  was  first  l)uilt,  but  after  a  few  years  it  was 
replaced  by  a  larger  building  of  liewn  logs,  whicli 
in  1878,  gave  place  to  the  present  structure,  a 
neat  frame  building.  26x44  feet,  well  finished 
and  furnished  witli  patent  desks,  seats,  etc..  etc. 
The  first  school  was  taught  in  the  winter  of  1857- 
8,  by  Norman  Shook,  in  a  dwelling  left  vacant 
by  the  death  of  William  Lewis  and  the  removal 
of  his  family.     Schools  are  also  sustained  in  four 


other  districts.  No.  80  in  section  2,  No.  79 
in  section  17,  No.  82  in  section  30.  No.  102  in 
section  3,  a  joint  district,  part  of  whicli  is  in  the 
town  of  Greenwood.  There  are  also  three  other 
joint  districts.  No.  61,  with  Medina  ;  No.  83, 
with  Minnetrista  and  No.  112  with  Greenwood. 

CHUKCHES. 

Methodist.  Tlie  first  religious  meeting  was 
held,  in  1855,  by  Rev.  J.  J.  Camp,  a  Methodist 
clergyman,  under  whose  guidance  a  class  was 
formed,  of  which  'Sir.  Irvin  Shrewsbury  was 
leader.  This  society  still  preserves  its  organiza- 
tion and,  though  not  large,  holds  regular  meet- 
ings in  the  school  house  of  district  No.  81. 

Presbyterian.  The  only  cliurcli  edifice  in  the 
town  is  the  Presbyterian  church,  at  Maple  Plain 
This  is  a  substantial  frame  l)uilding,well  finished 
inside.  It  is  26x40  feet  in  size,  built  in  1872-3. 
The  society  was  organized  in  1871  by  Rev. 
Charles  Thayer.  G.  W.  Smith  and  C.  W.  Inger- 
son  were  chosen  elders,  which  office  they  still 
hold.  The  membership  was  twelve,  at  the  time 
of  organization.  Mr.  Tliayer  resigned  his  pastor- 
ate September  20,  1875.  Rev.  Benson  followed 
Mr.  Thayer,  remaining  about  one  year.  Revs. 
Hall,  Iliggins.  Wood  and  McCahan  have  in  turn 
succeeded  to  the  charge,  remaining  but  short 
terms.  The  chiu'ch  is  without  stated  preaching 
at  the  writing  of  this  sketch. 

The  Good  Templars  Lodge  was  organized  in 
April,  1874.  Its  present  membership  is  about 
forty  and  steadily  gaining.  Meetings  are  held 
every  Saturday  evening. 

BIOGRAPHU  AL. 

Henry  Astrope  was  born  in  Canada,  in  1839, 
and  came  with  his  parents  to  Minnesota  in  1855. 
He  returned  to  Canada  tlu'ee  years  later,  and  re- 
mained one  sunnner.  then  came  again  to  ^linne- 
sota.  In  September,  1861 ,  he  enlisted  in  Company 
F.  of  the  Second  Regiment,  and  re-enlisted  in 
1863,  serving  until  discharged  for  disability,  in 
.January,  1865.  He  has  since  drawn  a  pension. 
He  was  married  in  1873,  and  has  two  children. 

W.  W.  Budd,  a  native  of  Ohio,  was  born  in 
Preble  county,  in  1833.  In  early  life  lie  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Indiana,  and  in  1m55.  lie  en- 
gaged in  tlie  lumber  trade,  whicli  he  foUowedfor 
two  years.  In  1863  he  enlisted  in  the  Ninth  In- 
diana Light  Artillery,  served  two  years,  partici" 


266 


EISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


pating  in  ten  engagements.  In  1865  he  came  to 
Independence,  bought  and  cleared  the  farm  he 
now  occupies.  He  married  Emeline  Cunning- 
ham, of  Polk  county.  Indiana,  in  ISoo.  They 
have  live  children :  Ella  F..  Anna  C.  Lilly  M.. 
AVilliam  S..and  Charles  J. 

Samuel  Briley  was  born  in  Canada,  in  1835, 
and  came  to  Minnesota  in  1865,  locating  in  Dodge 
county,  wliere  lie  remained  until  1871,  then  re- 
moved to  Minneapolis.  In  1876  he  removed  to 
tliis  town  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  was 
married,  in  1858,  to  Jane  Delahunt.  by  whom  he 
has  had  six  children,  all  living,  with  the  exception 
of  one.  who  died  in  Minneapolis. 

J.  D.  Brandon  was  born  in  Jefferson  county. 
Indiana,  August.  ISol.  and  in  KSoii  came  with  his 
parents  to  Hennepin  county,  locating  at  Maple 
Plain,  where  he  now  resides,  on  the  farm  secured 
by  his  father.  He  is  engaged  in  farming,  and 
dealing  in  lumber  and  railroad  ties.  He  was 
married,  May  14.  1876.  to  Belle  C.  McDonald. 
Ida  M.  and  Charlie  F..  are  their  children.  His 
father.  Moses  Brandon,  died  May  14th.  1880.  His 
mother  is  still  living,  and  a  member  of  his  family. 

John  eleven  has  been  a  resident  of  Independ- 
ence since  1872.  He  wasboru  inXorway  in  1842, 
and  came  to  America,  locating  in  Minneapolis, 
hi  1870,  remaining  there  until  he  removed  to  his 
present  home.  He  married  Miss  Inger  Kegene, 
in  1871.  Clara  K..  James  and  Emma,  are  the  chil- 
dren, aged  respectively,  six.  four,  and  one  and  a 
half  years. 

H.  C.  Dickey,  is  a  native  of  Xova  Scotia,  and 
came  to  St.  Anthony,  in  1865.  where  for  ten  years 
he  worked  at  carriage  makuig.  In  1875  he  re- 
moved to  Maple  Plain,  where  he  contuiiied  car- 
riage and  wagon  making,  and  now  does  a  thriv- 
ing business. 

Johau  llisted  was  born  in  Sweden,  in  1821.  and 
ui  1861  came  to  America,  locating  at  Long  Lake, 
Hennepin  county,  where  he  remained  two  years. 
He  tlien  removed  to  the  town  of  Independence 
and  leased  a  farm,  which  he  held  until  1873,  wlien 
he  purchased  the  farm  on  which  he  now  lives. 
He  was  married,  in  l.s44.  to  Anna  Ilemmingsoii. 
of  Sweden.  Their  children  are:  Hannah,  aged 
34:  Peter,  32:  Charles  J..  30:  Matilda,  24:  and 
Josephine,  20.  Charles  J.  Histed  married  ilary 
Moline  in  1878.  They  have  one  child,  Aimer. 
'  John  Hillstrom  was  born  in  Sweden,  in  1849, 


and  emigrated  to  America  in  1870.  After  a  short 
residence  in  Xew  York  and  eight  months  in 
^lichigan,  he  came  to  !Mhineapolis  and  worked  in 
a  lumber  mill  until  1876,  when  he  removed  to 
Maple  Plain.  In  1877  he  bought  the  farm  he 
now  lives  on.  He  married  Miss  Clara  M.  John- 
son, who  was  born  in  Chicago,  Illinois,  in  1855. 
The  children  are:  Jennie,  aged  four  years,  and 
Hannah,  aged  U\o. 

Henry  Jackson,  is  a  native  of  England,  liorn  in 
Chatham,  in  1821.  He  came  to  Xew  York  while 
young,  and  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  cut- 
lery and  surgical  instruments,  until  he  reached 
the  age  of  twenty-one.  He  then  removed  to 
Pittsburg,  Peimsylvania,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
boot  and  shoe  trade  until  1856,  when  poor  health 
forced  him. to  retire.  He  then  came  west  and  lo- 
cated near  Lake  Minnetouka.  He  was  one  of  the 
voters  to  elect  the  first  Town  Board  of  Minne- 
touka, and  put  on  the  first  shingle  roof  in  town. 
using  shingles  of  his  own  make.  In  1862,  he 
purchased  his  present  home  in  Independence, 
where  he  has  smee  resided.  In  1862.  he  married 
Mrs.  Stimson.  They  have  one  child.  Edwin  W.. 
aged  seventeen.  !Mr.  Jackson  enlisted  in  the  6th 
Minnesota  Infantry,  August.  1862:  was  dis- 
charged June.  iwlo.  He  was  drafted  in  1SH4.  and 
served  about  four  months. 

William  Mannuig.  a  native  of  Ireland,  was 
born  ill  1826.  anil  came  to  America  at  the  age  of 
thirteen.  He  resided  in  Xew  York  and  Albany, 
engaged  as  laborer,  until  1861.  when  he  enlisted 
in  the  31st  Indiana  Volunteers.  He  was  wound- 
ed at  Fort  Donaldson,  and  discharged  after  an 
active  service  of  two  and  one-half  years.  After 
his  return  from  the  army,  he  went  to  Pennsylva- 
nia, and  in  1868  came  to  Minneapolis,  where  he 
remained  one  year  :  then  came  to  Independence, 
and  cleared  the  farm  he  has  shice  lived  on.  He 
married  Miss  Dugan,  soon  after  leaving  the  army. 
Their  children  are  :  AVilliam.  Jr..  Katy.  Thom- 
as, and  Charlotte. 

Samuel  Moore  was  burn  in  Park  county.  Indi- 
ana, in  1K32.  He  learned  the  trade  of  carpenter, 
at  which  he  worked  until  185s,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  two  years  in  mercantile  business.  He 
then  came  to  Mimiesota  and  located  in  the  town 
of  Independence,  where  he  has  smce  been  en- 
gaged in  the  pursuit  of  farming  and  carpenter 
work.    He  married,  in  1855,  Miss  Xancy  Wassou, 


INDEPENDENCE-  BIOGBAPHICAL. 


267 


of  Park  county,  Indiana.  They  have  six  child- 
ren: Jerome  C,  Florence  A.,  Rospoe,  Sophronia, 
John  L.  and  Effle  V. 

John  II.  McGary  was  Ijorii  in  Montgomery 
county,  Kentucliy,  May  2d,  1(S4:2,  and  went  with 
his  parents  to  Indiana  the  same  year.  In  185.5 
they  came  to  Minnesota  and  located  in  Independ- 
ence. He  remained  with  his  parents  until  1H64, 
when  he  enlisted  in  the  Eleventh  Regiment  and 
served  one  year.  He  was  married  .September  .3d, 
1866,  to  Mrs.  Eliza  Brandon,  l)y  wliom  he  has 
three  children:  Ruth  A.,  Katy  W.  and  Omar 
Ray.  Mr.  McGary  has  held  the  offices  of  Assess- 
or and  Town  Treasurer  for  nine  years.  His 
father,  who  died  August  13th,  1879,  was  promi- 
nent among  the  early  settlers  of  Hennepin  county. 

X.  Moline  was  born  in  Chisago  county,  Min- 
nesota, in  1855.  In  1870  he  removed  to  Minne- 
apolis and  remained  there  for  six  years,  then 
came  to  Independence,  and  with  his  father  pur- 
chased a  farm  of  16H  acres  in  section  thirty-six. 
His  post-office  address  is  Maple  Plain. 

E.  M.  Mills,  is  a  native  of  Henry  county,  Indi- 
ana, where  he  was  born  in  1845.  In  1854  he  re- 
moved to  Kentucky  and  remahied  three  years, 
then  returned  to  Indiana.  In  tlie  fall  of  1863  he 
enlisted  in  the  Ninth  Indiana  Cavalry,  and 
served  until  the  fall  of  1865.  He  tlien  came  to 
Minnesota  and  purchased  a  farm  in  the  town  of 
Independence.  This  farm,  located  on  section 
twenty-two,  was  entered  by  Job  Moffat,  and  was 
the  first  claim  taken  witliiu  the  present  limits  of 
the  town.  He  married  Miss  Maria  Batdorf  in 
Jmie,  1866.  They  have  one  cliild,  "William  D.. 
born  January  8d,  ISHS. 

C.  W.  O'Leary,  a  life-long  resident  of  Henne- 
pin county,  was  born  in  Minneapolis  in  1859. 
He  attended  the  schools  of  that  city,  and  in  1871 
removed  with  his  parents  to  this  town.  His 
father  died  in  1876,  and  since  tliat  time  he  has 
lived  with  his  mother  at  the  old  home  on  section 
eighteen,  and  carried  on  tlie  farm.  His  ])ost- 
ofiRce  address  is  Delano,  Wright  county. 

John  Pagenkopf,  is  a  native  of  the  State  of 
Illinois,  and  was  born  December  23d,  1857.  In 
July,  1861,  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Indepen- 
dence, and  has  since  resided  in  this  town.  On 
the  19th  of  March,  1878,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Carrie  Ilorsch.  who  has  borne  him  one  child. 
Freddie,  born  January  23d,  1879. 


Daniel  S.  Styner,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
July  8th,  1815.  He  married  Margaret  Rheene, 
in  1843.  In  1856  he  came  to  Minnesota,  and  pre- 
empted 160  acres  of  land  on  section  26,  in  wdiat 
is  now  the  town  of  Independence,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  He  is  one  of  the  pioneers  of  this 
town,  and  was  a  member  of  the  first  Town  Board. 
He  has  since  held  many  offices  of  trust.  The 
house  he  built,  on  his  arrival  here  in  1856,  was 
the  first  to  have  a  shingle  roof.  Tlie  Indians, 
who  passed  back  and  forth  at  that  time,  gave 
him  the  title  of  the  ■■  Dutch  Squire."  Of  his 
children,  Mary  L..  Julia  E,,  and  Charles,  came 
here  with  tlieir  parents ;  Cora  was  born  while 
Minnesota  was  a  Territory,  and  Frank  after  its 
admission  as  a  state, 

Frank  Shrewsbury  was  born  in  1855,  in  In- 
diana, and  came  with  his  parents  to  Minnesota 
the  same  year.  They  located  at  what  is  now 
Maple  Plain,  w'here  he  grew  to  manhood,  and  in 
1875  married  Allie  Inger.son.  Tliey  have  two 
children,  Maud  and  Mabel.  Jlr.  Shrewsbury  is 
a  farmer,  and  lives  on  the  farm  pre-empted  by 
his  father.    His  mother  is  still  livhig. 

G.  W.  Smitli,  is  a  native  of  Jeffer.son  county, 
Xew  York,  born  November  14th,  1816.  In  1864 
he  came  to  Minnesota,  locating  at  Saint  Cloud, 
where  he  remained  one  year:  then  engaged  in 
mercantile  business  in  Minneapolis,  until  1870. 
wlien  he  bought  the  store  of  J.  I).  Perkins,  at 
Maple  Plain,  and  has  since  resided  tliere.  con- 
ducting a  general  merchandise  store.  Mr.  Smith 
received  his  appointment  as  postmaster  at  Maple 
Plain,  in  1870,  and  has  since  held  that  office. 
He  is  also  a  Justice  of  tlie  Peace,  which  office  he 
has  filled  since  his  first  election,  in  1875.  He  is 
the  oldest  postmaster  on  tliis  line  of  railroad. 
ITis  children,  who  were  born  in  .lefferson  county, 
Xew  York,  are  Mary  Jane,  wife  of  .1.  E.  Bell, 
cashier  of  the  Hennepin  County  Savings  Bank. 
Minneapolis:  Charles  H..  book  keeper  in  the 
same  bank,  and  William  .V.,  who  died  in  Minne- 
apolis, in  1869.  He  has  a  son  who  was  bom 
in  Hennepin  county  ;  Lyndon  B.,  six  years  of  age. 

Adam  Tautges  was  born  in  Prussia,  in  1847, 
and  came  to  America  in  1868.  He  came  directly 
to  Minnesota,  and  located  in  Medina  township, 
where  he  remained  with  his  i)arents  until  1876, 
when  he  bought  the  farm  he  now  occupies  in 
this  town.     He  married  Mi.ss  Mary  Wagner,  in 


268 


mSTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


1877.  They  have  one  chikl.  Anna,  atred  two 
years. 

Peter  Tautj,'es  was  born  in  Prussia,  in  1856, 
and  came  to  tliis  country  witli  liis  jiarents.  in  1868. 
He  located  on  liis  present  farm  in  1S79.  lie  was 
married  to  Sophia  L.  Ilottiin.  in  1877.  Their 
children  are  Mary  A.,  aged  two  years,  and  William 
A.,  aged  one  year. 

A.  Weidenbach,  also  a  native  of  Prussia,  was 
born  in  1833,  and  emigrated  to  this  coinitry 
in  185S.  lie  came  at  once  to  Hennepin  county 
anil  has  cleared  a  good  farm  on  section 
three.  lie  is  a  teacher,  and  justice  of  the  peace, 
lu  180.5,  he  married  Miss  Cacilia  Bukorwsky. 
Adolph,  Cacilia,  Harmon,  John,  Amelia,  Mary, 
Lucy,  and  Edward,  are  their  children.  His  post- 
office  address  isKockford.  Wright  county. 

.John  Williams,  a  native  of  Xew  York,  was  born 


in  1818.  From  that  state  he  went  to  Indiana, 
where  he  remained  until  ls.>5.  when  he  came  to 
Independence.  a]id  pre-empted  a  claim  of  160 
acres.  He  was  the  second  man  who  moved  into 
this  town,  and  has  since  resided  here.  In  1848, 
he  enlisted,  and  served  one  year  in  the  Mexican 
war.  James.  AUie,  Harvey,  Moses,  George,  and 
Imogene  are  children  by  his  first  marriage.  His 
present  wife  was  a  Miss  Alright,  to  whom  he  was 
married  in  1873. 

George  Washington  was  born  in  ^'irginia,  in 
1843,  and  remauied  there  until  1849,  when  he  re- 
moved with  his  parents  to  Tennessee,  and  in  1863 
came  to  Minnesota,  lie  was  married  in  1879,  to 
Phoebe  Yancey,  by  whom  he  has  one  child,  Willie, 
born.  ^Slarcli  21st.  1880.  Mr.  Washington  is  en- 
gaged in  farming,  and  is  the  owner  of  eighty 
acres  of  land  on  section  fifteen. 


MEDINA. 


CHAPTEK   XLIII. 

SITU.\TION—T0POGKAPHT— EARLY  SETTLERS — 
EVENTS  OF  1855-8— TOWN  ORGANIZ.^TION— 
L.^TEK  EVENTS — MLSCELLANEOT'S  ITEMS,  1859 
-69 — BUSINESS  ENTERTRISES— THE  r.\ST  DE- 
CADE— BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Towns,  though  tracing  their  settlement  and 
origin  to  the  same  general  causes,  perhaps  the 
same  dates,  are,  nevertheless,  foiuid  to  possess 
historic  data  differing  from  their  immediate 
neighbors,  as  widely  as  do  the  lives  of  indi- 
viduals. Some  furnish  little,  save  the  prosaic 
record  of  settlement  and  growth,  the  current 
flowing  smoothly  on,  its  surface  scarcely  rippled 
by  an  incident  or  legend.  In  others  the  tide  is 
swollen  with  such  plenteous  accumulations  of 
fact  and  fancy,  that  the  chief  difficulty  encoun- 
tered by  the  historian,  is  the  selection  of  such 
items  as  will  be  of  the  greatest  general  interest. 


since  the  limits  of  space  in  this  volume,  consigns 
many  noteworthy  facts  to  the  uncertain  custody 
of  future  tradition.  The  latter  is  the  ease  with 
Medina,  and  it  is  a  matter  of  no  little  regret  that 
so  few  of  the  interesting  events  pertaining  to  its 
early  histor.\  can  here  be  given. 

SITI'ATION   AND   TOPOGRAPHY. 

Medina  is  an  interior  town,  embracing,  in  ad- 
dition to  the  original  township,  that  portion  of 
Excelsior  lying  north  of  Lake  Minnetonka,  and 
has  an  area  of  26,023  acres.  Its  surface  is  uneven, 
and  in  the  northwestern  portion  somewhat  hilly. 
Several  clear  lakes  dot  the  surface.  On  the  west, 
and  lying  partly  in  the  town  bearing  its  name,  is 
Lake  Independence,  This  and  the  larger  lake 
mentioned  as  forming  the  southern  boundary, 
are  the  principal  bodies  of  water.  Long  Lake, 
from  which  the  only  village  of  the  town  is  named, 
is  of  pecuUar  beauty.  .V  few  snudl  streams  fur- 
nish outlets  for  nearlv  all  the  interior  lakes.     The 


MEDINA— EARLY  EVENTS. 


269 


town  is  heavily  timbered,  excepting  a  small  belt 
skirting  the  north-western  portion. 

EARLY   SETTLERS. 

The  first  pennanent  settlers  came  here  in  lSo4. 
A  marked  character  among  them  was  Stephen 
Bean,  who  came  from  Maine,  and  settled  about 
a  mile  west  of  Long  Lake.  He  was  a  kind 
neighbor,  hospitable,  .open-hearted,  generous, 
and  liad  a  wonderfully  fertile  imagination. 
Karl  and  William  Charles  Kassube  came  in  1854. 
A.  T.  French  came  from  Ohio  and  settled  on  the 
north  side  of  Crystal  Bay,  a  point  commanding 
one  of  the  finest  views  of  the  lake;  he  has  seen 
all  the  lights  and  shadows  of  fortunes  changes. 

Mr.  French,  Vincent  Cox  and  the  Foglemans 
brought  the  first  horses  into  this  region.  Xew- 
ton  French,  William  Carman,  Evan  Templin 
and  Richard  Danforth  came  from  Ohio;  Theo- 
dore A.  Xorris,  Wallace  Hatter  and  Judson 
Beach  from  Michigan;  James  UumVnack,  David 
Lydiard,  Eleazer  Dickey  and  Daniel  Thompson 
from  Nova  Scotia,  and  John  Mattison  from  Illi- 
nois, all  taking  claims  near  Long  Lake.  In  the 
same  year  came  William  Bussell  from  Xew  York 
and  Fred  A.  Jennings  from  Ohio.  The  location 
selected  by  Mr.  Russell  was  in  section  seventeen. 
on  the  west  shore  of  one  of  the  nimierous  bays 
now  partly  In  Medina  and  Excelsior.  Here  he 
laid  the  foundation  for  a  city  which  never  came, 
and  "Island  City""  waited  in  vain  for  the  state  cap- 
ital. Fred  A.  Jennings  was  a  man  whose  daring 
nearly  cost  him  his  life  by  drowning  in  Lake 
Minnetonka,  and  once,  lost  him  in  the  wilderness 
between  the  lake  and  his  home. 

EVENTS  OF  1855. 

Prominent  among  the  arrivals  this  year,  were 
Isaac  A.  Christlieb,  R.  H.  and  J.  L.  Knettle,  B. 
C.  Haines  and  John  Schaffer,  from  Pennsylvania; 
Vincent  Cox,  William  and  Henry  Fogleman  and 
Edward  Turnham,  from  Indiana;  Asa  Kelleyand 
Kelsey  Hinman  from  Ohio ;  E.  F.  Walsh,  Jas. 
Dillman,  Samuel  Lydiard  and  Miles  Bayers,  from 
Nova  Scotia;  Shepherd  Barnes  from  Maine;  Hon. 
A.  J.  Underwood  (now  editor  of  the  Fergus  Falls 
Journal)  from  Ohio;  Henry  Stu1)l)s,  Allen  Grave, 
George,  James  and  F.  R.  Maxwell  from  Illinois. 
Mr.  Grave's  and  Mr.  Stubb's  daughters  were  the 
first  young  ladies  in  the  settlement,  and  their 
advent  produced  quite  a  ripple  in  the  bachelor 


element.  The  Maxwell  brothers  brought  their 
father  with  them ;  one  of  Napoleon's  trained 
veterans,  who  followed  the  fortunes  of  the  great 
Captain  through  many  of  his  campaigns.  John 
Schmidt,  built  and  owns  the  "Medina  House," 
which  he  now  rents  to  X.  J.  Rosander.  This 
year  about  fifty  German  families,  settled  in  the 
north  part  of  the  town  ;  prominent  among  them 
were  Matthias  Miller,  John  Wolsfeld,  Philhp 
Klein,  and  C.  W.  Burchfleld.  Mr.  Miller  was 
the  "Peacemaker"  anil  one  of  the  founders  of 
Medina,  whose  death  in  1880,  was  mourned  by 
the  entire  community.  Mr.  Wolsfeld,  while 
returning  from  Minneapolis  seven  years  ago,  was 
attacked  by  a  man  named  Wirth,  and  so  severely 
beaten  that  he  lost  his  eyesight.  Wirth  was 
arrested,  tried,  and  sentenced  to  seven  years 
imprisonment.  The  enraged  citizens  wanted  to 
save  the  state  the  expense  of  the  trial.  Miss 
Emma  Maxwell  was  the  first  child  born  in  ;Medi- 
na.  She  is  now  Mrs.  Melvina  Smith.  Elkand 
Cox,  who  died  at  the  residence  of  his  brother,  on 
the  farm  now  owned  by  I.  A.  Christlieb,  was 
the  first  death.  The  ^Vayzata  road,  from  Minne- 
apolis to  a  point  near  the  western  margin  of  the 
county,  where  it  intersects  another  established 
road,  was  located  by  O.  E.  Garrison.  A  few  ad- 
ditional names  are  given  of  those  who  settled 
here  from  1855  to  ISijO.  Isaac  Sharth,  Bradford 
M'akefleld, Perry  Parrish,  from  Ohio;Gibson  Teas, 
J.  B.  &  O.  B.  Brown,  from  Indiana;  E.  M.  Snow 
and  B.  F.  Christlieli  from  Pennsylvania;  James 
Johnson,  W.  A.  Spafl'ord,  A.  Kruikshanks,  ^'al- 
erous  Chilson  and  B.  Gasper.  In  1862  they  were 
followed  by  William  and  Joseph  Lydiard, 
Andrew  Brown,  C.  Dittman,  and  others,  all  set- 
tling in  or  near  the  present  village  of  Long  Lake. 
Alonzo  Coleman  was  an  early  settler  and  jiromi- 
nent  in  town  affairs. 

EVENTS  OF    IS.'jfi. 

Claim  jumping  was  one  of  the  initial  events; 
one  Kohler,  thus  attempted  to  gain  posses- 
sion of  C.  E.  Dickey's  claim,  on  section 
26.  He  Ijuilt  his  cabin,  and  took  possession 
when  the  neighliors,  led  by  Samuel  Lydiard, 
drove  the  intruder  away  and  demolished  his 
castle ;  he,  however,  compromised,  and  pur- 
chased the  claim  he  would  have  jumped.  It  was 
again  attempted  on  a  mulatto,  named  Alfred,  but 


270 


HISTOET  OF  HEXNEPIX  COUyTT. 


his  ••backers"  were  too  many,  and  the  invader 
wisely  retreated.  No  written  contract  existed 
between  the  settlers  of  }tledina,  but  there  was  a 
distinct  understanding  that  each  actual  settler 
should  be  protected  in  his  rights ;  this  fact  being 
known,  jiut  an  end  to  claim  jumping.  The  first 
marriage  was  that  of  Sebastian  Kohler  to  Miss 
Baumeister.  The  first  school,  was  taught  by 
Charles  Christlieb,  hi  an  old  claim  shantj-  on  sec- 
tion 34.  owned  by  George  Knettle.  liis  wages 
being  paid  by  subscription.  A  school  house  was 
built  on  section  4,  but  never  used.  In  1858  ano- 
ther was  built  on  section  34,  known  as  the  Hursh 
school  house,  in  which  a  scliool.  supported  by 
tax.  was  opened  by  Miss  Jane  C'owden  of  Ashta- 
bula. Oliio. 

EVEXT.*  OF   1857. 

Durmg  this  year,  the  old  Territorial  Road, 
known  as  the  Minneapolis  and  Fort  Ridgely  road, 
was  laid  through  the  town.  The  route  was  sug- 
gested by  I.  A.  Cln'istlieb,  who,  with  the  assist- 
ance of  Samuel  Lydiard.  secured  the  survey  by 
R.  J.  MendeuhaU.  George  Knettle  built  a  small 
steam  saw  mill  a  short  distance  west  of  the  pres- 
ent village,  and  also  built  a  house  and  a  hotel. 
This  was  the  foundation  for  his  •■  City  of  Cum- 
berland."" D.  A.  Keyes  and  Frank  Fleming  built 
houses  within  the  limits  of  the  city,  and  there 
its  growth  ended.  A  lyceimi  was  organized  in 
one  of  the  buildings,  where  the  Solons  met  and 
discussed  the  questions  of  those  times.  Another 
city  was  located  on  the  town  line  between  Medina 
and  Independence,  by  John  and  Xeedham  Per- 
kms,  and  called  Perkinsville.  A  store,  hotel  and 
a  few  dwellings  marked  its  greatest  growth.  It 
struggled  for  metropolitan  honors,  but  finally 
went  down,  and  now  exists  only  in  memory. 

This  year  was  one  of  want,  occasioned  by  the 
ravages  of  the  grasshopjiers.  The  prices  of  what 
was  left  of  the  crop  were  so  low  that  the  settlers 
were  driven  to  the  verge  of  despair.  They  were 
relieved  by  the  sudden  demand  for  the  ginseng 
root,  which  grew  abundantly  in  the  woods.  All 
went  to  gathering  it.  and  were  temporarily  re- 
lieved. 

EVENTS  OF   1858. 

In  this  year  was  established  the  first  post-ofiiee, 
the  first  school  house  was  built,  and  the  town 
organized.      Henry  Stubbs  secured  the  establish- 


ment of  a  post  office  on  section  23,  called  Tama- 
rac.  which  was  continued  there  until  1861,  when 
it  was  removed  to  Long  Lake,  and  John  A.  Cole- 
man appointed  postmaster.  The  name  was 
changed  from  Tamarae  to  Long  Lake,  in  1867. 
The  mail  came  from  Minneapolis  once  a  week, 
until  the  building  of  the  railroad  in  1868;  since 
then  they  have  had  a  daily  mail. 

TOWN    ORGAXIZ.\TION. 

April  loth.  1858,  township  lis,  range  23,  was  des- 
ignated by  the  County  Commissioners  as  Ham- 
burg, and  the  first  town  records  appear  under 
that  name. 

On  the  nth  of  May,  1858,  the  first  town  meet- 
ing was  held  at  the  house  of  Valerous  Chilson, 
at  which  thirty-seven  voters  were  present,  ilr. 
Chilson  was  called  to  the  chair.  Andrew 
Seherer  elected  Moderator,  and  W.  F.  Ilillman 
Clerk.  The  follo^^ing  officers  were  then  elected  : 
Supervisors,  Valerous  Chilson,  Cliairman.  C.  AV. 
Burehfield.  George  Reiser;  Town  Clerk.  AV.  F. 
Ilillman :  Assessor,  L.  Lenzen ;  Collector.  An- 
drew Seherer :  Overseer  of  Poor.  Jos.  Lenzen ; 
Justices,  Wm.  Archibald  and  James  Crowe ;  Con- 
stables, Leo  Stumpf  and  Adolph  Buttz  ;  Overseer 
of  Roads.  B.  Gasper.  Resolutions  were  oflfered 
to  organize  school  districts,  defining  legal  fences, 
and  regulating  the  i-unning  at  large  of  stock. 
George  Reiser  offered  a  resolution  to  change  the 
name  of  the  town  to  Medina,  which  was  unani- 
mously adopted.  The  town  then  emljraced  but 
one  regular  township,  and  remained  so  until  1868, 
when  that  part  of  Excelsior  lying  north  of  Lake 
Minnetonka  was  added,  by  act  of  Co\uity  Com- 
missioners, ilarch  2d.  This  was  proposed  in 
1863.  but  rejected  by  a  vote  of  sixty  to  fifteen. 

LATER    EVENTS. 

lu  December.  1859,  Shakopee  (Little  Six)  and 
his  band,  including  the  notorious  Cut  Xose, 
camped  on  the  south  shore  of  Long  Lake,  on  the 
grounds  now  in  use  as  the  \illage  cemetery,  where 
they  remained  about  a  month,  and  would  have 
remained  much  longer.  Init  for  a  ruse  adopted  by 
Selden  Coleman  and  John  B.  AVakefield.  They 
started  a  rumor  that  the  Chippewas  were  massing 
in  the  vicinity.  The  ruse  had  the  desired  effect, 
and  the  camp  was  quickly  deserted.  The  same 
Coleman  afterward  recognized  both  Shakopee  and 


MEDINA— MISCELLANEOUS  ITEMS. 


271 


Cut  Nose  in  the  band  captuiefl  by  Gfn.  Sibley  in 
his  raid  across  the  plains. 

The  massacre  of  1862  tilled  the  I'oniminiity 
with  excitement  and  alarm.  A  stockade  was 
built  where  now  stands  the  residence  of  John 
McCormick,  in  the  village  of  Long  Lake,  and  at 
several  other  points,  where  the  peojile  gathered 
nights  for  mutual  protection.  ^Nlany  from  farther 
west  floclved  here  for  safety.  The  dwellings  i)f 
I.  A.  Christleib,  George  Knettle,  and  James 
Johnson  (old  Cumberland  House)  were  converted 
into  semi-fortresses  for  defence.  In  1863  came 
another  scare,  from  the  fact  that  Little  Crow, 
with  a  few  braves,  was  seen  skulking  in  the  vic- 
inity. Wliatever  might  have  been  his  intentions, 
they  were  not  accomplished,  and  on  his  way  back 
to  the  plains  he  was  met  by  a  Mr.  Lampson,  near 
Hutchinson,  who  shot  him  at  sight,  and  ended 
the  life  of  this  cunning  leader.  During  all  these 
exciting  times,  Mrs.  Matthias  Miller  was  the  only 
woman  wlio  did  not  leave  her  liome,  but  with 
Spartan  courage  remained  at  her  post,  exhibiting 
a  coolness  that  woulil  dd  iKHmr  Ui  the  sterner 
sex. 

MISCKLL.\NEOU.S   ITEMS- -18.59-1  Sfi!1. 

The  tirst  regular  preaching  was  in  the  school 
liouse  at  Cumberland,  about  18.58,  by  Rev.  Geo. 
Galpin,  a  Aiethodist. 

Free  Thinkers"  Club.  This  name  was  adopted 
by  a  small  society  formed  in  1860;  numbering  at 
one  time  about  thirty;  at  present  it  has  about  half 
that  membership.  They  own  a  hall  28x4(t  feet, 
with  basement  for  culinary  use  on  social  occa- 
sions.   It  was  built  in  1874. 

In  1860  a  post-office  was  established  in  the 
north-east  part  of  the  town  tlnxmgh  the  efforts 
of  L.  Lenzen,  wlio  was  the  first  postmaster.  The 
office  was  named  in  lionor  of  its  founder — 
"  Lenz."    J.  O.  Hamel  is  the  present  postmaster. 

Presbyterian  Church.  In  ISfi.S  Rev.  James 
Hunter  commenced  preaching  at  Long  Lake, 
iind  in  1869  a  church  was  built.  It  is  open  to  all 
denominations.  Rev.  Charles  Thayer  has  l)een 
the  principal  pastor  since  it  was  opened. 

St.  Peter's  and  St.  Paul's  Catholic  Church  was 
organized  about  1862,  and  a  small  structure  built, 
which  was  replaced  by  the  present  edifice  in  1867. 
The  society  is  now  large  and  sustains  weekly 
service. 


German  Catholic  Church.  In  1863  a  society 
was  formed  and  a  small  building  erected  on  sec- 
tion twenty-four,  which,  in  1876  gave  place  to  the 
present  structure,  the  old  building  being  remod- 
eled as  a  residence  for  tlie  priest.  The  society 
is  now  large,  and  sustains  weekly  services,  Rev. 
P.  Magnus  M.  Mayr  officiating. 

Good  Templars.  A  lodge  of  Good  Templars 
was  organized  several  years  ago,  which  is  now 
steadily  mcreasing  in  numbers,  holding  their 
meetuigsin  "Free  Thinkers'  Hall"  on  Friday 
evening  of  each  week. 

Union  Cemetery.  In  1861  a  cemetery  associa- 
tion was  formed,  and  a  site  selected  on  the  south 
liauk  of  Long  Lake,  affording  a  fine  view  of  the 
lake  and  surrounding  countr\'.  A  portion  of  it 
is  platted  and  laid  out  into  walks  and  carriage 
drives,  a  charming  spnt.  The  tirst  burial  was  an 
infant  child  of  Bradford  Wakefield,  in  1862. 

BUSINESS  ENTERPRISES. 

In  1866,  ^lills.  Cutler  &  Co.,  built  a  stave  fac- 
tory at  Long  Lake,  and  sold  it  in  1868  to  Chas. 
May  &  Co.,  who  operated  it  for  ten  years.  Since 
that  time  it  has  only  run  at  intervals.  In  1867 
Jlills,  Condit  &  Co.,  opened  a  general  store  near 
the  west  end  of  Long  Lake  ;  it  was  the  only  store 
at  that  time.  They  sold  to  Low,  May  &  Co.,  who 
sold  to  other  parties.  Its  building  was  due  to 
the  prospect  of  the  speedy  completion  of  the  St. 
P.  &  P.  R.  R..  which  was  surveyed  in  186.5. 
Grading  was  commenced  in  1866,  and  in  1868, 
the  cars  were  miming,  a  dejiot  Inult,  and  the 
village  of  Long  Lake  began  to  grow.  In  185.5, 
the  Hon.  Lewis  Harrington  stood  at  a  land  cor- 
ner on  section  33,  and  with  prophetic  accuracy 
said  :  "Gentlemen,  when  a  road  is  built  through 
this  region,  it  can  not  go  far  from  where  we  now 
stand.''  The  right  of  way  now  includes  that  iden- 
tical spot. 

THE  LAST  DEC.\DE— 1870-80. 

Saint  Anna  Church,  French  Catholic.  This 
structure  was  commenced  in  1874,  and  completed 
in  1879.  The  first  regular  service  was  held  in 
May,  same  year.  Rev.  Z.  (J.  Chandonnet  was 
its  first  pastor,  and  remained  until  January  1st, 
1880.  He  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Peter  Boucher, 
the  present  incumbent.  The  society  numbers 
about  five  hundred. 


HISTOSY  OF  RENNEPJN  COUNTY. 


MEDIXA  3IILL  COMPANY. 

Ill  January.  1875.  a  stock  company  was  formed 
for  the  purpose  of  building  a  firet-elass  flouring 
mill.  The  incorporators  were:  Samuel,  Da^"id 
and  Joseph  Lydiard.  E.  and  B.  Dickey.  I.  A. 
Christlieb.  Rol)ert  Logan.  Wm.  Braden.  C.  W. 
Weeks,  John  Burns  and  E.  M.  Snow.  It  was 
rented  for  a  term  of  yeare  to  B.  il.  Smith,  who 
operated  it  only  t^vo  years.  After  passing  through 
various  changes  of  ownership,  it  came  into  the 
hands  of  its  present  ownei-s.  Syme  &  DeMott. 
It  is  about  sixty  feet  square,  five  stories  high, 
and  run  by  a  Corliss  condensing  engine,  of  150 
horse  power.  The  mill  lias  a  capacity  for  350 
barrels  per  da> .  and  furnishes  employment  to 
twenty-five  workmen.  Tliey  own  and  operate 
a  cooper  shop  where  they  manufacture  their 
barrels,  and  have  a  side  track,  for  receiving  and 
discharging  freight.  The  quality  of  the  flour 
made  at  this  mill,  with  its  new  and  imi)ioved 
machinery,  is  not  excelled  liy  any  in  the  Xortli- 
west. 

I,EXZ  GRIST  MliL, 

was  built  in  isTti,  by  Fi-ancis  Huot,  It  is  two 
stories  high,  and  has  two  runs  of  stone,  driven  by 
a  twenty-five  horse-power  engine,  and  is  doing  a 
tliriving  business. 

TOAVX    HOUSE. 

In  1878,  a  Town  House  was  built  on  tlie  south- 
west corner  of  Section  22.  a  location  selected  with 
especial  reference  to  the  accommodation  of  the 
majority  of  voters.  Medina  now  has  a  population 
of  1 .462  inhabitants,  with  a  real  estate  valuation 
of  S319.633.  with  .?2 1.285  in  the  village  of  Long 
Lake,  and  an  assessed  valuation  of  847,6(3-1  in  per- 
sonal property.  Its  taxes  for  1880  -were  S4,70o. 
Its  stock  reports  for  1S80,  show  370  horses,  565 
cattle  over  two  yeai-s  old,  783  sheep,  495  hogs. 
The  reports  also  show  2,960  acres  sown  to  wheat 
the  same  year.  The  village  of  Long  Lake  con- 
tains a  good  school  building,  erected  in  1878, 
where  a  graded  school  is  supported,  nine  months 
in  the  year.  It  has  a  seatiiig  capacity  for  about 
one  hundred.  The  other  schools  of  the  town 
have  houses  located  as  follows :  Joint  District 
Xo.  90,  (JJedma  and  Corcoran.)  section  5:  Dis- 
trict Xo.  63,  section  11  ;  District  No.  7.  section  23; 
District  Xo.  62.  sections;  District  Xo.  91.  sec- 
tion 32;  all  in  town   118;  and  District  Xo.  94, 


ection  4,  Township  117,  the  portion  formerly  be- 
longing to  Excelsior. 

OFFICIAL    ROSTER. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  the  Chairmen 
of  Board  of  Supervisors,  since  the  town  organi- 
zation:  1858.  Valerous  Chilson ;  18-59  to  1863. 
John  A.  Coleman:  1864,  Saml.  Lydiard;  1865, 
I.  A.  Christleib:  1866.  A.  Biittz :  1867,  Samuel 
Lydiard;  1868,  J.  P.  Meurer;  1869  to  1871,  D. 
A.  Keyes ;  1872,  C.  W.  Gordon ;  1873.  A.  P.  Bills  ; 
1874^5.  X'.  J.  Stubbs  :  1876  to  1878.  Peter  Miller  ; 
1879,  Peter  Maurer;  1880.  Peter  MiDer.  The 
other  ofBcers  for  1880.  were,  Supervisore,  Benj. 
Maxon  and  Xelson  Banies ;  Clerk,  R.  B.  Dickey  ; 
Treasurer,  B.  F.  Christlieb;  Assessor.  J.  P. 
Meiirer :  Justices.  A.  C.  Bailey  and  J.  P.  Meurer : 
Constables,  J.  A.  Coleman  and  Geo.  Reiser,  In 
1865-6,  by  a  misapprehension  of  the  law,  the 
time  of  holding  town  meetings  was  changed  from 
April  to  March.  The  error  was  discovered  in  the 
latter  year,  and  another  election  held  April  14th. 
This  is  called  a  special  meeting  in  tlie  old  town 
records,  but  was  in  fact  tlie  regular  meeting. 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Da\'id  Archibald  was  born  in  Xova  Scotia,  in 
1845,  and  moved  with  his  parents  to  Hennepin 
county.  He  enlisted  in  1861.  in  Second  I'nited 
States  Sharpshooters,  afterwards  attached  to 
First  ilinnesota  Regt..  and  served  three  years;  was 
wounded  at  Cold  Harbor,  and  remained  for  six 
months  in  the  hospital  at  Alexandria.  He  was 
honorably  discharged  at  St.  Paul,  in  1865. 

"William  Archibald  was  born  in  Xova  Scotia, 
in  the  year  1811.  He  moved  to  Hennepin  county 
in  1855.  and  made  a  claim  where  he  has  since 
resided.  He  is  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Liber- 
al League  Society,  is  its  President  and  most  active 
member.  In  1834  he  married  Diana  C.  Hutchin- 
son. They  liad  ten  children.  Mrs.  Arcliibald 
died  in  1863. 

A.  C.  Bailey  was  bom  in  Ohio,  in  1840.  He 
was  educated  at  Westminster  College.  In  1862 
he  enlisted  in  the  First  Ohio  Independent ;  served 
over  three  yeare.  and  was  honorably  discharged, 
in  1865.  at  Gallipolis.  The  same  year  he  moved 
to  Muinesota,  and  settled  in  Metlina.  where  he 
has  since  resided.  He  married  Hattie  M.  Parrish 
in  1867.     Three  children  have  been  born  to  them. 

S.   Barnes  was  born  in  Maine,  in  1826.     He 


MEDINA    BIOGRAPHICAL. 


273 


settled  in  Medina  in  ISoo,  and  lived  there  nntil 
ISKO,  when  he  removed  to  Oregon  and  settled 
near  Portland.  When  he  came  to  Hennepin 
county  he  had  but  fifty  cents.  The  first  year  he 
cleared  three  acres  and  planted  it  to  corn,  but 
was  scourged  with  the  grasshoppers,  and  was 
obliged  to  support  his  family  by  making  ox  yokes 
and  axe  handles. 

E.  S.  Barnes,  a  native  of  Maine,  was  born  in 
1845.  He  settled  in  Hennepin  county,  in  1S55. 
In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  Second  Minnesota 
Sharpshooters,  afterwards  ("ompany  L,  First 
Minnesota  Volunteers,  served  three  years,  was 
wounded  at  Vicksburg  and  was  in  thirteen 
engagements,  under  Generals  ]\Ii('lellan  and 
Burnside.  He  is  part  owner  of  a  saw  mill,  also 
proprietor  of  a  Sorghum  mill,  capacity  one  hund- 
red gallons  per  day.  He  has  a  farm  of  184  acres 
and  half  interest  in  300  more.  In  18G7  he  mar- 
ried Martha  K.  Reynolds.  They  have  two  child- 
ren. 

Charles  Barkow  was  Ijorn  in  Germany,  in  1826, 
and  emigrated  to  America  in  l«o2.  He  worked 
at  harness  making  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  two  years, 
and  two  years  m  Oberlin.  In  1861  he  settled  in 
Heiniepin  county.  Enlisted  in  company  A, 
Fourth  Minnesota  ^\)lunteers  in  1864,  and  was 
honorably  discharged  in  1865  ;  the  same  year  he 
married  Caroline  Sekoggv.  They  have  eight 
children  livuig. 

J.  D.  Bayer  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia,  in  1832. 
He  lived  there  until  1877,  then  moved  to  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  for  two  years,  thence  to  New 
York  ;  he  then  came  to  Hennepin  county  and 
settled  in  1880.  Worked  on  farm  thirty  years, 
then  learned  the  carpenters  trade.  He  was  sup- 
erintendent of  the  Orphan's  Home,  in  Halifax, 
his  wife  acting  as  matron,  having  charge  of  it  for 
seven  years.  His  marriage  with  Elizabeth  A. 
Brown,  occurred  in  the  year  1860. 

Peter  Berens,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  Ijorn 
in  1829.  He  removed  to  Hennepin  county  in 
1855,  having  lived  one  year  in  Illinois,  and  settled 
near  Long  Lake,  being  at  that  time  farther  west 
than  any  other  settler  in  lliis  jiart  of  the  county. 
He  has  since  lived  here. 

Alden  P.  Bills  was  born  in  Oneida  county ,  New 

York,  in  1818.    In  the   year  1865  he  moved  to 

Hennepin  county,  settling  at  Lake  Independence. 

He  moved  here  in  a  lumber  wagon,  building 
18 


bridges  as  he  went.  Arriving  at  his  farm,  they 
put  up  a  stove,  and  ale  tlieir  first  meal  on  a  dry 
goods  box.  Game  was  plenty  at  that  time,  and 
they  did  not  suffer  for  food.  Mrs.  Bills  was  chased 
by  a  panther,  that  came  so  near  she  could  dis- 
tinctly hear  its  steps.  Mr.  Bills  married  Jeanette 
Purcell,  of  Ohio.  They  have  two  cliildren  now- 
living. 

C.  W.  Burchfiehl  was  born  in  Peimsylvania,  in 
1815.  He  moved  to  Wi.sconsinin  1855,  and  came 
to  Hennepin  county  in  1856.  He  worked  in  St. 
Anthony  as  carpenter,  carrying  provisions  on  his 
back  to  his  family  in  "  Lenz  ;"  went  six  miles  for 
twelve  bushels  of  potatoes,  and  gave  half  to  have 
them  hauled  home  ;  built  his  first  log  house  in 
1856.  He  is  one  of  the  fathers  of  Medina ;  mar- 
ried in  1842,  to  Christina  Frantz.  They  have 
five  children  living. 

A.  BurchUeld  was  l)orn  in  1847,  and  came  to 
Hennepin  county  with  his  parents.  He  is  the 
inventor  of  the  U.  S.  Military  Portable  Forge,  a 
very  ingenious  and  useful  contrivance;  when 
ready  for  moving,  it  is  mounted  on  wheels,  with 
fireplace,  forge,  tool  box  and  fan  bellows,  a  model 
of  completeness.  Mr.  Burchfield  has  commenced 
manufacturing,  and  selling  state  rights. 

Peter  Boucher,  pastor  of  St.  Anna  French 
Catholic  Church  at  Lenz,  was  born  in  the  Prov- 
ince of  Quebec,. July  5tb,  1821.  He  waseducated 
for  the  priesthood  at  the  College  of  Quebec.  In 
1817  took  charge  of  Sherbrook  Church,  remaining 
two  years.  Then  eleven  years  at  Matane.  five 
years  at  St.  xVlphonse,  and  one  year  at  St.  Raph- 
ael. Thence  to  Jefferson,  D.  T.,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1880,  when  he  took  charge  of  the 
St.  Anna  Church. 

L.  K.  Campliell,  a  native  of  Maine,  was  born  in 
Washington  comity  in  18.52.  When  quite  young 
he  moved  to  Winnebago  county,  Wisconsin;  was 
educated  at  Omro,  and  has  followed  teaching  for 
the  past  eight  years.  He  came  tt)  Miimeapolis 
in  1878  and  taught  school  in  Crystal  Lake.  Rich- 
field and  Medina. 

I.  A.  Christlieb  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  in 
1834.  Moved  to  Medina  in  18.j5.  pre-empted  160 
acres  and  bought  for  cash  as  nnich  more.  He 
experienced  many  hardships,  paying  exorbitant 
prices  for  everything,  and  was  compelled  at  times 
to  live  on  sour  corn  meal.  The  grasshoppers  came 
and  destroyed  everything;  many  of  his  neighbors 


274 


HI8T0EY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


left,  and  he  wuiilil  have  been  olilijied  to  do  Uie 
same,  but  for  the  means  he  brouirbt  with  him. 
During  the  Indian  outbreali  he  sent  liis  family  to 
Minneapolis  to  keep  them  from  the  mtu'derous 
Sioux.  Has  been  Town  Clerk  and  Supervis(u-for 
seventeen  years,  and  member  of  School  Board 
sixteen  years.  lie  married  Susie  Baird,  of  Spring- 
field, Ohio,  in  18.59.  They  have  two  children. 
.  B.  F.  ( "hristlieb  was  born  in  Cumberland  county, 
Pennsylvania.  October  Idth,  ISSii.  He  came  to 
Medina  in  18o9,  and  until  1864  was  engaged  as 
local  surveyor  and  engineer.  He  was  then  in  the 
employ  of  the  St.  P.  &  P.  R.  P.  for  several  years. 
In  187(1,  under  Chief  Engineer  Spaulding,  he  as- 
sisted in  locating  the  first  five  miles  from  N.  P. 
Junction.  Has  been  connected  with  other  roads, 
among  them  the  Lake  Superior  i*c  Miss.,  the  St. 
Paul  &  Duluth  and  the  ISIinneapolis  &  St.  Louis. 
In  1873  he  was  compelled  to  abandon  his  pro- 
fession on  account  of  poor  health.  In  1877  he 
formed  a  partnership  w  ith  A.  Lydiard  in  mer- 
cantile business  at  Long  Lake.  He  has  been 
prominent  in  local  politics.  Has  been  a  candi- 
date for  the  Legislature  on  the  Democratic  ticket 
several  times;  has  also  been  Town  Clerk,  and 
was  elected  Treasurer  in  1880. 

Alex.  Dickey  was  born  in  Xova  Scotia,  in  1850. 
Moved  to  Bristol  county,  Massachusetts,  where 
he  lived  until  1861,  when  he  came  to  Hennepin 
comity,  and  settled  at  Parker's  Lake,  He  spent 
two  years  in  the  Black  Hills.  In  1880  associated 
himself  with  Bobert  Logan  in  the  meat  business, 
at  Long  Lake. 

R.  B.  Dickey  was  born  in  Xova  Scotia,  in  1842. 
He  was  engaged  in  milling  in  his  native  coinitry. 
In  1868  came  to  Hennepin  county,  and  finally 
settled  at  Long  Lake.  He  is  now  Deputy  Sheriff; 
was  clerk  of  Medina  four  years,  and  was  also 
census  enumerator.  In  1865  he  married  Barbara 
Stephen.     They  have  four  children  now  living. 

Henry  Fane,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
in  1826.  Emigrated  to  America  in  1S51 ;  he 
lived  on  Long  Island  three  years,  then  moved  to 
Hennepin  county  in  1854.  and  located  where  he 
now  resides.  Enlisted  in  Company  II.  Third 
Minnesota,  in  istu.  Served  one  year,  and  was 
honorably  discharged  at  St.  Paul.  Married  in 
(Jermany  to  Louisa  Gust,  in  1849;  have  eight 
children,  Louis,  John,  Lizzie,  Henry.  Annie, 
Mena.  Jennie,  and  William. 


Allen  T.  French  was  born  in  Ohio,  in  1818. 
Came  to  Ileimepin  county  in  1854.  and  made  a 
claim  on  Crystal  Ijay,  Lake  Miunetoidva.  In  1862 
h'e  moved  to  Minneapolis,  and  engaged  in  busi- 
ness until  1875.  when  he  again  returned  to  his 
home  on  Crystal  bay.  and  has  since  resided  there. 
In  1857  he  suffered  much  from  the  Indians  and 
grasshoppers,  the  latter  eating  everytliing  outside, 
and  the  former  begging  everything  inside.  Mar- 
ried Martha  Gibson,  in  1852.  They  have  two 
adopted  children. 

Allen  Grave  was  born  in  Kent  comity,  Dela- 
ware, in  1811,  He  came  to  Hennejiin  county  in 
1855.  and  settled  near  Long  Lake  :  at  that  time 
the  country  was  thinly  settled.  In  1857  he  suf- 
fered much  from  the  ravages  of  the  grasshoppers. 
He  married  in  1833.  Mary  Teas,  of  Wayne  county, 
Indiana.    They  have  six  children  now  living. 

B.  C.  Haines  was  born  in  Kew  Jersey,  in  1820. 
Moved  to  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania ;  then  came  to 
Hennepin  county  in  1855,  and  made  a  claim  in 
Medina.  In  1863  he  retiu'iied  to  I'ennsylvania, 
and  remained  there  until  1868.  when  he  removed 
to  his  farm  in  Medina,  and  has  lived  there  since. 
Married  Lucy  Ann  Counselman,  of  Pennsylvii- 
nia,  in  1850.  Six  children  have  been  bom  to 
them. 

J.  O.  Ilamel  was  lioru  in  Quebec,  in  1839.  He 
was  educated  at  the  Seminary  of  Quebec,  the 
oldest  College  in  the  town.  In  1857  lie  moved  to 
Minnesota  and  settled  in  Hennepin  county,  near 
what  is  known  as  Lenz.  AVlien  he  came  it  was  a 
wilderness.  In  1863.  he  went  to  Montana;  re- 
turned in  1868,  and  established  his  store  at  Long 
Lake ;  the  first  one  in  this  part  of  the  county; 
the  post  office  of  Lenz  was  transferred  to  him  at 
that  time. 

Charles  W.  Iloagland  came  West  with  his  par- 
ents, in  1862.  and  after  remaining  in  the  vicinity 
of  Long  Lfike,  a  short  time,  decided  to  make 
further  explorations ;  after  several  changes  he 
returned  to  Minnesota  in  1872,  and  settled  near 
Long  Lake,  \\1iere  he  has  since  resided.  He 
remained  with  his  parents  until  August,  1880, 
when  he  entered  the  store  of  Christlieb  &  Lydiard. 
He  is  Lodge  Deputy  of  Long  Lake  Lodge  No.  65. 
I.  O.  of  G.  T. 

Louis  K.  Hoagland.  a  native  of  Ohio,  was  born 
in  Trumbull  county,  in  1852.  He  moved  to  Hen- 
nepin county,  and  settled  at  Wayzata.     In  1876, 


MEDINA-  BIOGBAPRICAL. 


275 


he  came  to  Long  Lake,  and  in  1877  began  milling, 
with  the  North  Star  Mill  B.  Married  to  Annie 
Johnson,  in  1876.     They  have  two  children. 

Jacob  Ilnntsherger  was  born  in  Peinisylvania, 
in  1844.  lie  enlisted  in  1861,  in  Company  II,  87th 
Pennsylvania.  Served  nearly  four  years ;  partici- 
pating in  fifteen  engagements ;  was  taken  pris- 
oner at  Winchester.  Exchanged  and  transferred 
to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  was  honorably 
discharged  in  1865,  when  he  came  and  settled  in 
Medina.  Married,  in  1866,  to  Charlotte  Arthur. 
Six  children  have  been  born  to  them. 

M.  Iluntsberger  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  in 
1834.  He  moved  to  Hennepin  county,  in  1865, 
and  settled  in  Medina.  In  1877,  started  wagon 
making  at  Long  Lake,  having  learned  the  trade 
at  Council  Bluffs,  Cumberland  county,  Penn.  He 
worked  on  the  first  building  in  Long  Lake. 

Charles  Johnson  was  born  in  Maine,  1816.  He 
moved  to  St.  Anthony  in  18-52,  remained  there 
until  1855,  when  he  went  t<i  Nebraska  ;  was  gone 
four  years  ;  returned  and  spent  two  years  in  Car- 
ver" county  ;  moved  to  Minneai)olis.  for  one  year, 
and  then  came  to  Long  Lake,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  When  he  first  came  here  there  were 
only  two  houses,  and  nothing  but  forest  where 
now  is  the  centre  of  the  village.  He  married  Miss 
E.  F.  Barnes,  in  187(1.     Tlieyhave  one  child. 

Karl  Kassube  was  born  in  Prussia,  in  1822. 
He  emigrated  to  America  in  1854 ;  came  to  Hen- 
nepin county  the  same  year,  and  made  a  claim  of 
160  acres;  all  he  had  to  work  with  was  a  grub 
hoe.  In  1849  he  married  Miss  F.  Dralle,  of  Ger- 
many.    They  have  six  children  living. 

Wm.  C.  Kassube,  a  native  of  Germany,  was 
born  in  1853.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1855, 
and  settled  in  Hennepin  county,  ilarried,  in 
April,  1879,  to  Minnie  Schulz,  of  Wright  county. 
They  have  one  child,  born  April  21st,  1880. 

Leonard  Lenzen  was  born  in  Germany,  in  1825. 
Emigrated  to  America  and  moved  to  Ilennepui 
county  in  1856,  settling  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided. He  was  the  first  postmaster  of  Lenz, 
which  position  he  held  for  eleven  years.  The  of- 
fice was  named  in  honor  of  him.  He  enlisted  in 
1864,  in  Company  E,  5th  Minnesota,  and  was 
honorably  discharged  in  1865.  ilr.  Lenzen  mar- 
ried Susanna  Roscop,  in  1857.  They  have  ten 
children  living. 

Peter G.  Lindner  was  born  in  Germany,  in  1826. 


He  emigrated  to  America  in  1854,  and  worked  at 
shoemaking  in  New  Orleans  until  1856,  when  he 
moved  to  St.  Paul.  The  following  year  he  came 
to  Medina  and  made  a  claim.  He  is  now  engaged 
in  grape  culture.  ^larried,  in  1855,  to  Caroline 
L.  H.  Greve.     They  have  no  children  living- 

R.  Logan,  a  native  of  Nova  Scotia,  was  born 
in  1836.  He  moved  to  Parker's  Lake,  Hennepin 
county,  in  1867, "and  engaged  in  the  meat  busi- 
ness. In  1873  he  moved  to  Long  Lake,  and  con- 
tinued in  the  same  business.  In  1862  he  married 
Susan  J.  Archibald.    They  have  six  children. 

A.  R.  Loranger  was  born  in  Quebec,  in  1850. 
He  was  educated  at  Three  Bivers  College  and 
Lennoxville  Medical  College,  where  he  graduated 
luider  some  of  the  best  Canadian  physicians  and 
surgeons.  Came  to  Hennepin  county  in  1879, 
and  is  now  practicing  medicine.  He  was  married 
in  1876,  to  Albhia  Gahnas,  of  Three  Rivers. 

A.  J.  Mayers  was  born  in  France  in  1822.  He 
emigrated  to  America  in  1867.  and  settled  in 
Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  remaining  there  aliout 
five  years.  He  then  came  to  Mmnesota,  and  lived 
in  Minneapolis  until  1878,  when  he  moved  to  Long 
Lake,  where  he  now  resides.  In  1875  he  married 
Sarah  Raphel.    One  child  lias  been  born  to  them. 

Rev.  P.  Magnus  M.  Mayr,  a  native  of  Bavaria, 
was  born  in  1820.  He  was  educated  for  the 
priesthood  in  the  I'niversity  of  ^Munich.  In  1845, 
he  emigrated  to  America.  He  was  ordained  at 
Pittsburgh,  and  his  first  charge  was  at  St.  Cloud, 
Minnesota.  Afterward,  lie  had  charge  of  .several 
churches  in  Wright  and  Hennepin  counties.  l)ut 
failing  health  obliged  him  to  abandon  them  for 
the  less  laborious  one  at  Chaska,  Carver  coimty, 
where  he  remained  for  seven  years.  He  was  also 
for  seven  years  at  New  Trier.  In  1879  he  took 
charge  of  the  Catholic  Church  in  Medina. 

George  Maxwell  was  born  in  "\'irginia,  in  1829. 
Moved  to  Hennepin  county  in  1855,  and  made  a 
claim  where  he  now  lives.  He  was  married  in 
Illinois,  to  Miss  Slane.  and  returned  in  1856, 
bringing  with  him  the  first  wagon  used  west  of 
Wayzata.  His  wife  camped  oirLake  Mhmetonka 
vmtil  he  could  buihl  a  shanty.  Tliey  have  twice 
moved  away,  but  now  have  settled  in  Medina 
permanently. 

J.  P.  Meurer,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  bom 
in  1833.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1855.  and 
worked  at  his  trade,  plate  printing  and  engraving. 


27« 


HISTOEY  OF  HESSEPIN  COUNTY. 


in  New  York,  for  about  two  years ;  then  went  to 
8t.  Paul :  remained  there  until  1859.  when  he  , 
moved  to  Hennepin  county.  Enlisted  in  1864.  in  j 
Co.  H.  3d  Minn.:  was  honorably  discharged  in 
I860,  and  retimied  to  his  farm.  He  has  filled  the 
offices  of  Clerk,  Supervisor,  and  Assessor  in  the 
town  of  Medina,  where  he  has  since  resided. 

Peter  Miller,  born  in  Pru.ssia.  1S38.  emigrated 
to  America  and  lived  in  Illinois  -  for  two  years. 
Moved  to  Ilenneiiin  county,  in  I800.  and  made  a 
claim  in  Medina  ;  has  lieldthe  office  of  chairman 
of  town  board  for  four  years.  Married  to  Mar- 
garet Shaussen  in  IstiT  ;  Enlisted  in  Company  E. 
Independent  Batlallion.  Minnesota  Volunteers, 
1864;  honorably  discharged  at  Fort  Snelling,  1866. 

P.  Parrish  was  born  in  Erie  county,  Xew  York, 
in  1S14.  He  moved  with  his  parents  to  Genesee 
county,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  years  went 
to  (ieauga  county,  Ohio,  thence  to  Camden,  Ohio, 
in  1841,  and  engaged  in  railroaduig.  He  came  to 
Hennepin  county  in  18-58.  and  bought  the  farm 
on  which  he  now  resides.  Married  Laura  A. 
Van  Valkenburgm  1839.  They  have  foiu-  child- 
ren, Leniira.  Charles  Henry.  Ilattie  M..  Carlos  F. 

Komaiu  Pouliot.  a  native  of  Quebec,  was  born 
in  1836.  He  came  to  Hennepin  county  and  made 
a  claim  ;  built  a  small  log  house  and  began  to 
clear  his  farm.  He  enlisted  m  Company  H, 
Heavy  Artillery,  and  was  discharged  at  Fort 
Snellmg  in  1865.  He  married  m  1857,  Eugenia 
Hamel.    They  have  eleven  children  living. 

George  Keiser,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
m  1816.  Moved  to  America,  settled  in  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  and  worked  at  bronzmg  for  eleven 
years.  In  1855  he  settled  in  iledina.  Hennepin 
countj-.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first  lioard  and 
suggested  the  name  which  the  tow  n  now  l)ears. 
He  married  in  1845.  Mary  Ann  Letzkiis.  They 
have  seven  children. 

Joseph  B.  Reiser  was  born  m  East  Cambridge, 
Massachiisetts.  in  1846.  Moved  to  Hennepin 
county  in  ISoo.  and  settled  where  he  now  lives. 
He  is  the  son  of  George  Reiser,  one  of  the  pio- 
neer settlers  of  this  part  of  the  county.  In  1869 
he  married  .Julia  Prelwitz.  They  have  six  child- 
ren. 

Andrew  .J.  Rosander.  a  native  of  Sweden,  was 
bom  m  1850.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1872, 
and  located  at  Castle  Rock.  Dakota  coimty,  Min- 
nesota ;  moved  to  Anoka,  then  to  "Wisconsin  for  a 


short  time,  thence  to  Minneapohs  and  engaged  in 
brick  making  in  1878.  Married  in  1880  to  Han- 
nah C.  Johnson.  Mr.  Rosander  has  now  rented 
the  "Medina  House"  at  Long  Lake  for  a  term  of 
yeai-s. 

Anton  Schaar  was  born  m  tTermany,  in  1821. 
Moved  to  America  in  1S48.  and  settled  in  Hen- 
nepin county  ten  years  later.  He  bought  a  farm, 
built  a  log  house,  and  cleared  two  acres  the  first 
year :  has  now  cleared  it  up  and  built  a  nice 
house.  His  last  marriage  was  to  Elizabeth 
Boetel.     They  have  four  children  now  Uving. 

Joseph  Schaar  was  born  in  Germany,  in  1821. 
and  is  a  twin  brother  of  Anton.  He  came  to 
this  comitry  one  year  later  than  his  brother,  and 
they  have  lived  together  since  that  time,  he  hav- 
ing bought  land  near  Anton's  farm.  In  1862,  he 
enlisted  in  Muniesota  Mounted  Eangers,  serving 
one  year,  then  in  Company  D,  2d  Mmnesota  Cav- 
alry. He  was  in  several  engagements,  and  was 
honorably  discharged  at  Fort  Snelling.  in  1864. 

Dr.  A.  W.  Shuck  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  ui 
1837.  When  fourteen  years  old  he  began  to  work 
at  carpentering :  followed  it  for  two  years.  Was 
also  engaged  in  teaching.  He  attended  two 
courses  of  lectures  at  the  Eclectic  ^Medical  In- 
stitute, Cincinnati,  and  one  course  at  Xewton's 
Clinical  Institute.  He  commenced  the  practice 
of  medicine  in  1859.  In  1861  he  entered  the 
army,  serving  in  the  medical  department  of  the 
army  and  navy  for  three  and  a  half  years.  He 
moved  to  Benton  county,  and  practiced  medicine 
from  1866  to  1873,  when  he  went  to  Lake  Minne- 
t  tonka.  He  now  resides  at  Long  Lake,  enjoying 
a  large  practice.  He  married  ilattie  A.  McClan- 
uahan.     They  have  seven  children. 

H.  Shumacher,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  born  in 
1824.  Emigrated  to  America  in  18.53.  Moved  to 
Scott  county.  Minnesota,  in  1855.  Finally  settled 
in  Independence,  made  a  claim,  ajid  lived  on  it 
for  eight  years,  then  came  to  Medina.  He  enlist- 
ed in  1864.  in  Company  F.  11th  Minnesota  Vol- 
unteers. A\'as  honorably  discharged  at  Fort 
Snelling.  in  1865.  Married  Miss  M.  Geigerman. 
They  have  eleven  children  now  li%'ing. 

Dr.  Mark  H.  Shepi)ard  was  born  in  Qviebec,  in 
182(.).  iloved  to  England  and  from  there  to  the 
Isle  of  Man.  He  was  educated  at  King  WilUams 
College,  served  his  time  at  the  Royal  Infirmary, 
Liverpool,  aud  passed  examination   in  the  Lon- 


MEDINA— BIOOEAPHICAL. 


277 


don  College  of  Surgeons.  He  has  traveled  ex- 
tensively. For  a  time  he  was  surgeon  on  the 
Wack  IJall  Line,  sailing  between  Liverpool  and 
New  York,  and  practiced  medicine  in  Nova  Sco- 
tia for  ten  years.  In  1868  he  went  to  Parker's 
Lake,  and  thence  to  Princeton,  where  he  prac- 
ticed medicine  five  years.  He  then  came  to  Long 
Lake,  and  has  since  resided  here.  In  1866  he 
married  Catherine  A.  McCloud. 

W.  A.  Spaflord,  a  native  of  Quebec,  was  l)orn 
in  182-5.  He  came  to  Hennepin  county  in  1853 
and  pre-empted  a  farm  near  Hopkins  Station; 
lived  there  two  years;  tlien  iTi  1 8.5.5  moved  to  Me- 
dina, bought  a  claim  and  sold  it  three  years  later; 
he  then  located  on  the  Lydiafd  property  wliich  he 
sold  in  1862  and  moved  to  where  he  now  resides. 
The  grasshoppers  attacked  him  in  18.56;  and  in 
1862,  the  Indians  obliged  him  to  move  his  family 
to  Minneapolis  for  safety. 

Henry  StuV>l)s  was  born  in  (Jhio,  in  lN(Mi.  He 
moved  to  Minnesota  in  18.56,  and  made  a  claim  in 
Medina,  where  he  now  resides.  .Vt  that  time 
Minneapolis  had  but  one  or  two  stores;  Medina 
people  had  to  go  tliere  to  mill  for  some  years. 
The  first  school  in  this  town  was  held  in  an  old 
log  blacksmith  shop  on  Mr.  Stubljs"  place.  He 
was  the  first  postmaster  at  Tamarac.  afterwards 
changed  to  Long  Lake. 

J.  I).  Stafford  was  born  in  Indiana,  iu  1.S42. 
Came  to  Minnesota  and  settled  in  Aledina.  in 
1861.  He  enlisted  iu  1862,  serving  part  of  the 
time  among  the  Indians,  the  balance  of  the  time 
South.  He  was  at  the  siege  of  Fort  Blakely  on 
Mobile  Baj-  for  fourteen  days.  Was  honorably 
discharged  at  Fort  Snelling  in  186.5.  Married 
Ella  Styner  in  1869.    They  have  three  children. 

C.  li.  Stubbs  was  born  in  Ohio,  in  184.5.  He 
came  with  his  parents  to  Hennepin  county,  and 
has  since  resided  here.  Mr.  Stubl)s  married,  in 
1869,  Esther  "White.  Tlie>  have  four  children. 
He  owns  a  Sorghum  Mill.  Stubbs"  Patent  Pans, 
and  Excelsior  Machine,  capacitx  loO  gallons  per 
day.  two  horse  power. 

Gibson  Teas  was  born  in  Delaware,  in  18(i9. 
He  moved  to  Wayne  county.  Indiana,  in  1818  ; 
thence  to  Hennepin  county,  Minnesota,  in  18o6. 
and  settled  near  Starvation  Point,  Lake  Minne- 
tonka.  In  18.58,  he  sold  all  his  effects  but  land, 
for  a  twenty  dollar  gold  piece,  and  moved  to 
Indiana.    Married  Miss  D.  Stafford  in  1859.  and 


returned  to  Hennepin  county  in  1S61.  experi- 
encing many  hardships.  In  1 S62.  expecting  hourly 
to  be  attacked  by  Indians,  they  loaded  their  goods 
into  a  spring  wagon,  and  left,  but  afterwards 
returned  to  the  farm,  wliere  they  have  since  re- 
mained. 

J.  Turnliam  was  born  in  Illhiois,  in  18.50;  moved 
to  Minnesota  and  settled  in  Medina.  He  is  the 
owner  of  Turnliam's  Sorghum  Mill,  built  in  1877. 
and  located  on  his  farm  three  miles  from  Long 
Lake:  capacity  one  hundred  gallons  per  day. 
He  raises  five  to  ten  acres  of  cane  per  year,  ma- 
king aliout  1,000  gallons,  besides  manufacturing 
for  other  parties.  Mr.  Turnham  married  Ellen 
McKeneff  in  187.5.  She  has  borne  him  two  chil- 
dren. 

J.  D.  Twist,  a  unlive  of  Xew  York,  was  born 
in  Madison  county.  He  moved  to  West  "N'irginia. 
thence  to  Ohio,  thence  to  Indiana,  and  in  1867 
came  to  Medina,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He 
has  one  of  the  largest  and  most  complete  sorghum 
mills  in  the'county.  producing  aliout  1.50  gallons 
of  syrup  per  day.  eiiuipped  with  Stubbs  &  Sons 
patent  pans.  au<l  all  under  cover.  He  married 
Elizabeth  Lvncli.     Tliey  have  five  children  living. 

E.  F.  Walsh.  l)orn  in  Nova  Scotia,  in  1827. 
He  settled  in  Hennepin  county  in  l.s.56.  and  took 
a  claim  where  be  now  lives.  Married  in  185.5. 
to  Mary  Gilman.  They  have  six  children.  Lahe- 
lia,  Burke.  .1.  D..  Ida  May.  Eda  Mary  and  Frank. 

A.  W.  Wamboldt,  born  in  Xova  Scotia,  in  1851. 
He  moved  to  Hennepin  co\nity  in  1863,  and  learn- 
ed the  cooper's  trade  in  Mimieapolis.  He  went 
to  Florida,  and  lived  two  years,  then  returned  to 
Medina,  where  he  has  since  resided,  excepting  a 
short  time  in  Meeker  comity.  lie  was  married 
in  1880,  to  Miss  Ida  M.Walsh. 

Dr.  S.  J.  Wooster  was  born  in  Lenawee  county. 
Michigan,  iu  1850.  He  came  with  his  grand- 
parents to  Long  Lake.  Jlinnejota.  and  learned 
thoroughly  the  prescription  part  of  the  drug  busi- 
ness, with  George  Savoy,  of  Mimieapolis.  and 
was  associated  with  ('.  A.  Binidy  iu  the  drug 
trade.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Karl  Ben- 
deke,  of  Minneapolis;  graduated  at  Keokuk  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  receiving  medi- 
cal advice  from  some  of  the  best  physicians  iu 
America.  He  then  located  at  Long  Lake.  Iu 
1S76  he  married  ^largaret  .birdau.  One  child 
has  been  born  to  them. 


278 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


CRYSTAL  LAKE 


CHAPTER  XLIV. 

GENERAL    DESCRIl'TIOX  —  SETTLEMENT  —CIVIL 

HISTORY MAXrFACTrKING    INTERESTS 

CHl'RCHES— SCHOOLS— RAILROAD   -BIOORAPn- 
ICAL. 

Tills  Is  one  of  the  eastern  tier  of  tt)wnships.  bor- 
dering on  the  Mississipjii  Kiver.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  or  rolling,  and  is  lightly  wooded,  ex- 
cept in  the  western  part  where  the  quality  of  the 
soil  is  better,  and  merges  into  a  beautiful  prairie. 
The  area  of  brick  clay  extends  along  the  river, 
and  is  utilized  as  seen  under  the  head  of  manu- 
factures. Four  lakes  and  one  creek,  represent 
the  internal  waters  of  the  town.  Twin  lake  is  far 
the  largest,  formed,  as  its  name  wouljj  mdicate, 
by  the  union  of  two  bodies  of  water  by  a  narrow 
strait.  The  shores  of  tliis  lake  are  considerably 
marshy.  Crystal  lake  is  smaller,  but  has  a  good 
depth  of  water  and  better  shores.  These  lakes 
are  well  stocked  with  tish  :  pickerel,  bass.  etc. 
Armstrong  lake  is  quite  small,  with  shores  mostly 
hard.  Crandall  lake  has  no  inlet  or  outlet,  and  is 
gradually  drying  up.  Shingle  creek  flows  through 
the  eastern  part  of  the  town  and  affords  a  water- 
power  near  its  mouth. 

SETTLEMENT  OF  CRYST.\L  LAKE. 

The  first  settlement  was  made  in  1852,  and  the 
first  settler  was  John  "Ware  Dow.  who  came 
March  26th.  John  C.  Bohanon  came  March  27th. 
Later,  the  same  year  came  Mrs.  Rhoda  Bean  and 
family.  Joel  and  Eben  Howe.  John  M.  Snow, 
Hiram  Armstrong.  David  Smith.  George  Camp. 
Mr.  McNair.  and  Leonard  t;(uild.  Mr.  John 
Wesley  Dow.  son  of  John  "Ware  Dow.  made  his 
claim  J\ily  oth  of  the  same  year.  About  the 
same  time  and  later,  came  Mr.  X.  P.  "Warren.  Jo- 
siah  Dutton.  AVyman  McCumber.  L.  Wagner, 
John  Gearty.  and  Rev.  Lyman  Palmer.  Other 
names  of  early  settlers  are  Rufus  Farnham.  D. 


C.  Crandall.  George  Giebenhain.  Peter  SchuUer. 
Z.  Gillespie.  David  Morgan.  E.  McCausland.  H. 
R.  Stillman.  and  J.  S.  Malbon. 

The  first  death  occinred  m  the  family  of  ^Ir. 
Bohanon— a  little  boy.  Frederick,  aged  six  months. 
He  was  born  in  St.  Anthony,  and  was  about  two 
months  old  at  the  time  the  claim  was  entered.  The 
second  death  was  that  of  Mrs.  Bohanon.  who  died 
January  11th.  18-53. 

In  1857.  a  few  were  left  destitute  by  the  rav- 
ages of  grasshoppers,  but  this  town  suffered 
much  less  than  others  adjacent.  After  the  reduc- 
tion of  the  Military  Reservation,  and  the  conse- 
quent settlement  of  Minneapolis.  Crystal  Lakf. 
as  well  as  the  other  towns  near  by.  developed 
rapidly.  The  present  population  of  the  town  is 
1023.  Acres  of  land.  14,550.  Assessed  valuation 
of  land  in  1869.  S88.588:  1875,  $343,035:  1880. 
5489.194.  Pei-sonal  property  in  1869.  §27,562; 
1875.- $37,257:  1880.  S69.693.  Total  taxes.  1869. 
$2,927:  1875.  $3,733:  1880.  $4,376.  Horses  over 
two  yeai-s  old.  in  1869,  222;  1875,  285:  1880.  364. 
Cattle  over  two  yeai-s  old.  in  1869.  493:  1875.  636: 
1880,  445.  Sheep.  1869.  381:  1875.  248:  1880,281. 
Hogs,  1869,  143;  1875.  144;  1880.  212.  Bushels 
of  wheat  in  1869.  14.416:  1875.  15.731:  1880.  acre- 
age. 2.314. 

The  northern  part  of  Crystal  Lake  was  once 
called  Farmersville,  embracing  the  three  northern 
tiersof  sections  of  the  township.  Previous  to  the 
establishment  of  Farmersville.  two  of  the  four 
tiers  of  sections  which  now  constitute  the  town 
Crystal  Lake,  belonged  to  the  town  of  Brooklyn, 
and  two  to  the  town  of  Minneapolis.  The  town 
of  Farmers^•ille  was  set  apart  by  the  county  com- 
missionei-s,  July  8th,  1858,  by  taking  two  tiers  of 
sections  from  Brooklyn  and  one  from  Minneapo- 
lis. At  a  subsequent  meeting  this  action  was 
re-considered  and  FarmeI■s^•ille  was  never  organ- 
ized, but  lapsed,  and  the  boundaries  remained  as 
established  April  10th.   1858.     In    1860.    Crystal 


CRYSTAL  LAKE—CIVIL  HISTORY-MANUFACTURING. 


Lake  was  formed,  liy  taking  two  tiers  of  sections 
from  Brooklyn  and  two  from  Minneapolis. 

CIVIL   HISTORY. 

The  caucus  for  the  nomination  of  th'e  lirst  otli- 
cers  of  the  town,  was  held  at  the  house  of  J.  S. 
Malboii,  March  24tli.  ISdO.  and  the  lirst  election 
was  held  at  the  same  place,  April  3d.  The 
meeting  was  called  to  order  by  Jtlr.  Mall:)on  and 
H.  S.  Camp  was  elected  temporary  chairman; 
Moderator,  N.  R.  Thompson;  Clerk,  H.  S.  Camp; 
Judges  of  Election.  James  Brown,  J.  S.  Malbon 
and  Z.  Gillespie.  The  oath  was  administered  by 
H.  S.  Camp,  notary  public.  Tlie  following  offi- 
cers were  elected  :  Supervisors,  Henry  S.  Plum- 
mer.  chairman,  John  B.  Johnson,  Lorenzo  V. 
Warren  ;  Treasurer.  Zachariah  Gillespie  ;  Asses- 
sor, Luther  il.  Bartlow  ;  Justices,  II.  S.  Camp 
and  David  \V.  Jones  ;  Constables,  Warren  Will\ 
and  J.  S.  Wales  ;  Superintendent  of  Schools.  X. 
K.  Thompson.  The  total  number  of  votes  cast 
at  this  election,  was  tift3--flve.  The  supervisors 
were  authorized  to  levy  a  tax  of  S200,  on  the 
"polls"  and  "real  estate"  to  defray  incidental 
expenses  for  the  year  of  1860.  April  30th.  Josiah 
Button  was  appointed  assessor,  Mr.  Bartlow 
having  failed  to  ([ualify.  The  town  officers  for 
1880  were  :  Supervisors,  Philli])  Ilynes.  chairman. 
Phillip  Kuch  and  George  L  Brimhall ;  Clerk, X. 
F.  Euss  ;  Treasurer,  J.  P.  Shumway  ;  Assessor. 
Theodore  Kirkwood. 

3IANUF.\CTL'UINO    INTKKKSJS. 

David  Morgan  built  the  first  flouring  mill  in 
Crystal  Lake,  in  18.50.  It  was  30x40  feet,  Iwo 
stories  high  and  had  two  runs  of  stone.  The 
mill  stood  on  the  north-east  quarter  of  section 
four,  near  the  present  site  of  11.  Oswald's  house. 
A  dam  was  built  on  the  creek,  and  a  race,  about 
twenty-five  rods  in  length,  cut  to  it.  The  race 
has  now  disappeared,  but  the  dam  remains.  Mr. 
Morgan  sold  the  old  mill,  with  the  improvements 
he  had  made,  to  parties  vtho  built  tlie  new  one  on 
its  present  site.  The  old  machinery  was  used  and 
new  material  added.  It  was  purchased  in  1872. 
by  Oswald  and  Bingenlieimer,  and  since  the  death 
of  the  latter,  in  1873,  it  has  been  owned  and  op- 
erated by  Mr.  Oswald.  The  mill  is  located  near 
the  Mississippi  river,  on  Shingle  creek.  The 
main  building  is  40x47  feet,  with  One  addition  for 
the  shafting  and  water  wheel,  and  another  for  an 


engine.  It  has  a  seventeen  and  a  half  inch  tur- 
bine wheel  and  an  engine  of  sixty  horse  power. 
The  engine  has  been  recently  added.    ' 

The  mill  has  four  runs  of  stone,  one  crusher, 
three  middlings  purifiers  and  five  bolting  reels. 
All  the  machinery  is  new  and  complete.  The 
cai)acity  of  the  mill  is  about  one  hundred  barrels 
in  twenty-four  hours. 

Morrisons  Brick  Yard.  In  ].s7()  this  yard  was 
opened  by  ]\Iessrs.  S.  D.  Morrison  and  X.  Tiues- 
dell.  and  operated  by  them  three  years.  It  has 
four  mills  for  grinding  clay,  and  employs  about 
twenty  men.  The  capital  employed  is  about 
S6.000.  and  the  product  of  the  yard,  in  1880,  \\as 
1. «0(l. 00(1  lirick.  which  found  a  rcaily  market  in 
Minneapolis. 

Brick  Yard  of  Jdhnsdu  ami  IJerg.  This  yard 
was  formerly  carried  on  b,\  Todd  and  Johnson,  but 
is  now  owned  and  operated  by  Jcilnison  and  Berg. 
It  emplo\s  four  clay  grinding  mills  and  about 
twenty  men.  The  capital  eiui)lc)yed  is  aliout 
S  J.OOO.  The  brick  mainifaclure(i  in  this  and  tlie 
neighboring  yards,  are  the  light-colored  brick 
common  to  this  vicinity. 

\\'eithoft's  Brick  Yard.  Tliis  >ard  is  located 
on  section  twelve  and  is  owned  and  operated  by 
Mr.  William  Weithotf.  It  employs  two  machmes 
foi-  grinding  clay,  and  about  eight  men.  Its 
liroduct  is  tioO.OUO  brick  aniuially. 

Shops.  E.  L.  Iliggins"  l)lacksmilh  shop  is  the 
only  one  in  town.  It  was  liuilt  long  ago,  but  has 
been  occupie<l  only  two  years  by  ^Ir.  Iliggins. 

Only  one  small  store  is  found  in  town,  which 
carries  tiie  usual  stock  of  dry  goods  and  groce- 
ries. It  is  located  at  Shingle  Creek.  In  187.5, 
Anton  Wolf  built  a  hotel  on  section  six.  It  is 
located  four  miles  from  Mimieapolis,  near  the 
banks  of  Crystal  Lake,  and  is  frequented  by 
sportsmen  in  the  hunting  season.  The  post-office 
is  at  Shi)igle  Creek.  As  this  town  borders  on  the 
city  of  Minneapolis,  nearly  all  of  the  south  half 
of  section  ten  has  been  platted  in  town  lots,  as 
an  addition  to  that  city,  and  the  streets  are  num- 
bered and  laid  out  regularly  as  a  part  thereof, 
though  not  embraced  under  the  city  government. 
Witfs  stock  yards  and  slaughter  house,  ('has. 
Witt  .builtand  put  in  operation  this  institution, 
in  1879,  since  which  time  it  has  been  grow  ing  ra])- 
idly  in  favor.  The  stock  yards  are  the  largest  in 
this  part  of  the  state,  and  are  situated  corner  of 


■2HU 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIK  COUNTY. 


2d  street  and  26th  Avenue  Korth,  on  the  south 
line  of  the  town.  The  business  of  the  yard  du- 
ring the  last^year.  lias  l)een  over  six  thousand 
liead  of  cattle,  besides  a  {lenei-al  commission  bu- 
siness in  live  stock.  Tlie  sheds  afford  accommo- 
dation for  eight  hundred  head  of  cattle,  and  tele- 
phone connection  with  the  city  enables  Mr.  "Witt 
to  send  men  promptly  to  tlie  depots  and  markets, 
for  removing  stock,  and  other  purposes.  The 
slavighter  house  is  open  to  the  use  of  all  dealere 
in  meats  in  the  city,  and  is  already  used  by  many. 
It  affords  facilities  for  killing  sixty  head  per  day. 
is  well  equipped,  and  kept  in  a  neat  condition  by 
the  proprietor,  furnishing  every  convenience  for 
the  transaction  of  business.  In  connection  with 
it.  is  kept  a  neat  hotel,  for  the  accommodation  of 
customei-s  and  the  general  public. 

CHUKCHES. 

Three  church  organizations  are  sustained  in 
the  town:  the  "Methodist  Episcopal."  "Free  AVill 
Baptist."  and  •■Cathohc."  The  Methodist  or- 
ganization, began  by  the  forming  of  a  class,  in 
1867,  under  Eev.  Jesse  Smith,  at  the  school 
house,  where  preaching  was  had  once  in  two 
weeks.  Rev.  ilr.  Smith  continued  one  year.  His 
successoi-s  were  Kevs.  J.  H.  Macomlier.  three 
years :  Henry  Brook,  two  years :  David  Brooks, 
one  year  :  F.  H.  Tubbs.  two  years :  L.  P.  Smith, 
two  years:  O.  E.  Stoddard,  eight  mcmths.  Rev. 
Mr.  Stoddard  died  while  in  charge,  and  Rev.  .J. 
W.  Comish  tinished  that  year.  Rev.  Boyd 
Phelps,  the  next  pastor,  remained  one  year,  and 
Rev.  Levi  tTleason.  one  year.  Rev.  J.  Teter  is 
the  present  pastor.  In  .March.  1S79.  the  church 
building  was  commenced:  it  was  completed 
and  dedicated  November  30th,  187ii.  It  is  a 
frame  building,  veneered  with  brick,  in  size  30 
x  46  feet,  with  a  vestibule  8x16  feet,  and  twenty 
feet  posts.  It  is  finished  in  pine  and  black  wal- 
nut, is  heated  by  a  fiunace.  has  a  good  organ. 
and  cost  about  S2.100.  The  cemetery  is  near  the 
church,  on  the  south. 

The  Crystal  Lake  and  Brooklyn  Free  Will 
Baptist  church,  was  organized.  May  27th.  1860. 
with  six  members,  by  Rev.  W.  Hayden  and  A.  I). 
Sandborn.  It  had  no  pastor,  but  only  occasional 
preaching  until  March.  1M62.  .Vbuiit  tliis  time. 
Rev.  R.  "W.  Bryant,  of  Minneapolis,  commenced 
visiting  the  church,  holding  occasional  evening 


meetings,  and  Eev.  II.  N.  Herrick  preached  every 
two  weeks.  Rev.  Mr.  Bryant  was  pastor  from 
this  time  until  May.  1864.  when  he  was  succeeded 
by  Rev.  J.  ElUot.  Rev.  ^y.  Hayden  was  pastor, 
during  1S69.  and  Rev.  C.  L.  Russell,  in  1870-71. 
From  this  date  to  1S76,  the  church  was  partially 
suppUed  by  Rev.  H.  X.  Herrick ;  then  followed 
Rev.  J.  C.  Robinson  for  one  year.  Rev.  A.  J. 
Davis,  until  the  fall  of  1878.  and  Rev.  A. 
H.  Hanscome  for  one  year.  A  vacancy  then 
occured.  until  April  1880.  when  the  present  pastor 
Rev.  D.  D.  Mitchell  took  the  charge.  The  mem- 
bership is  now  thirty,  and  the  utiicers  are.  clerk. 
.1.  P.  Shumway:  deacons.  I).  AV.  .lones  and  William 
M.  Stinchfield.  The  church  was  built  in  1875-6, 
on  section  o  and  is  about  30x40  feel,  with  18  feet 
posts.  It  is  a  neat  structure,  completely  tinished 
withm.  and  cost  about  S2,200. 

St.  Mary"s  Catholic  Church  has  al)out  twenty 
members.  The  bnikUng  is  of  wood,  and  was 
l)uilt  for  a  German  Catholic  school-house  ui  1863. 
The  original  building  was  about  20x30,  but  in 
1873.  when  it  began  to  be  used  as  a  church,  an 
addition  was  made  about  two-thirds  the  size  of 
the  original  building  and  it  then  received  its  pres- 
ent name.  The  first  priest  was  Father  Eberhart 
and  the  present.  Father  P.  Bartholomeus.  The 
fii-st  baptism,  was  that  of  Matthias  Reichert, 
May  10th,  1863.  A  cemetery  adjoins  the  church 
on  the  east. 

SCHOOLS. 

.huiuary  3d.  18o3.  John  AVare  Dow  was  noti. 
fied  by  John  H.  Stevens,  then  clerk  of  the  Board 
of  County  Commissioners,  that  a  school  district 
called  No.  2.  had  been  formed  and  he  was  re- 
quested to  notify  the  legal  voters  therein  and 
call  a  meeting.  The  district  at  that  time  included 
nearly  all  the  north  half  of  the  county.  A  line 
rimning  west  from  the  river,  about  a  mile  north 
of  the  south  line  of  Crystal  Lake  township  to  the 
west  boundary  of  the  county,  was  tlie  south  line 
of  the  district.  A  school  was  held  that  year  in  a 
claim  shanty  on  land  that  now  belongs  to  J.  GIL 
lespie.  and  taught  by  Miss  Smith.  This  was 
prol)al)ly  the  first  school  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  county.  The  old  school  hiulding  was  located 
near  the  site  of  the  present  one.  belonging  to  No. 
26.  A  school  system  has  grown  up.  embracing  at 
the  present  time,  five  school  districts  igid  several 
joints  districts :  No.  23  on  section  18.  house  built 


CBYSTAL  LAKE-BIOGRAPHICAL. 


281 


in  1863 ;  No.  24  on  section  IB,  house  built  in  18(>7  ; 
No.  25  on  section  10,  bouse  built  1872 ;  No.  20  ;it 
Shingle  creek,  house  built  about  1868:  No.  lis 
on  section  2,  house  built  in  1S77.  The  buildings 
with  the  exception  of  that  on  section  18  are  good, 
and  are  all  furnished  with  patent  desks. 

KATLROAD. 

The  Minneapolis  and  North-western  branch  of 
the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Manitoba  Railway  is 
now  in  ])rocess  of  construction.  It  enters  from 
the  south,  near  the  east  corner  of  section  7,  and 
passes  diagonally  across  the  township,  and  out  on 
the  north  line  of  section  o,  west  of  the  center. 
The  location  of  the  road  is  extremely  unfavor- 
able, and  a  source  of  great  annoyance  to  the 
farmers  along  a  portion  of  the  line. 

mOCJUAPIIICAL. 

John  Berg  was  born  in  Sweden.  -IuIn  Kith. 
1846.  He  worked  on  a  farm  until  fifteen,  in  a 
flouring  mill  ten  years,  and  at  carpenter  work 
two  years.  He  came  to  America,  arriving  at  lied 
Wing,  Minnesota,  in  May,  1S6S.  when  he  went 
to  brick-making.  In  1871.  he  was  employed  by 
the  Minneapolis  Brick  Company.  In  1872,  be 
was  in  Bismarck,  brick-making.  In  1874-5-6, 
worked  for  Union  Brick  Comi)an> .  in  Minneapo- 
lis. In  the  fall  of  1876,  worked  for  K.  ('.  Todd, 
in  "79-80,  was  a  partner  with  Johnson  Brothers. 
He  married  Miss  Clara  C.  .Vnder.son,  of  Minne- 
apolis, January.  1 875.  They  have  three  children: 
Charles  E..  F.  Alida  and  Oscar  T. 

John  C.  Bolianon  was  born  August  L':-til,  1.SI7, 
in  Alexander,  Maine,  where  he  followed  the  lum- 
bering business  until  1851.  when  he  came  to  vSt. 
Anthony.  March  26th,  1852.  he  moved  to  the 
land  he  now  occupies,  section  4,  and  was  the  sec- 
ond man  who  settled  here.  He  has  been  engaged 
hi  farming  and  lumbering  since  he  came  to  Min- 
nesota. Married,  in  1840,  Miss  Lncretia  ^fcKen- 
zie,  of  Calais,  Maine.  January  11th,  18.58,  his 
wife  died,  and  was  the  first  white  adidt  buried  in 
this  town.  November  lltth,  1,s56,  he  married 
Sophia  H.  Longfellow.  Nine  children  are  living: 
S.  L.,  Charles,  find  H.  Willard.  by  his  first  wife; 
John  L.,  Annie  T..  Frederick  X.,  James  M., 
Sarah  E..  and  Ira  E..  by  second  marriage. 

H.  H.  Boughton  was  born  August  25th.  1.S46.  in 
Lorain  county,  Ohio,  and  moved  with  his  par- 
ents to  Nauvoo,  Illinois ;  from  there  to  Galena, 


and  learned  the  milling  trade  ;  thence  to  Prescott. 
Wisconsin,  where  he  remained  until  1873,  when 
he  went  to  Minneapolis.  He  remained  there  un- 
til 1878.  engaged  in  milling.  He  was  then  em- 
ployed at  the  Crystal  Flour  Mill,  at  Shingle  Creek, 
where  he  has  since  remained.  August  14th,  1872. 
he  married  JSIiss  Farnsworth,  of  River  Falls. 
Wisconsin.  They  have  two  children  :  Etta  and 
Ella. 

ti.  W.  Brookins,  a  native  of  Vermont,  was 
born  December  12th,  1827.  He  remained  there 
until  1856,  farming  summers  and  teaching  win- 
ters. He  came  to  Minnesota  in  1856  and  settled 
in  Wright  county,  engaging  in  farming  and  en- 
gineering. Enlisted  in  the  Third  Minnesota  In- 
fantry, mustered  out  in  1864.  and  served  in  the 
commissary  department  one  year.  In  1865  he 
came  to  Crystal  Lake,  remaining  here  until  1.S72. 
when  he  went'to Minneapolis  in  the  lumber  luisi- 
ness,  and  from  that  to  the  well  and  pump  busi- 
ness. In  1880  he  again  moved  to  Crystal  Lake 
on  his  own  land  in  section  two.  Married  in  1867, 
Miss  Zilpha  A.  Atwood,  of  A'ermont,  They 
have  three  children:  Anna.  Clara  and   Freddie. 

D.  C.  Crandall  was  born  at  Lake  (ieorge.  War- 
ren county.  New  Vork,  November  22d,  1820. 
where  he  lived  till  manhood,  and  was  occupied  in 
lumberhig.  He  moved  to  Minnesota  in  1855,  and 
located  where  be  now  lives,  and  jire-empted  the 
same  in  1861.  Married,  in  1844,  Miss  Julia  My- 
ers, of  Lake  George,  New  York.  They  have 
three  children  living:  .lames.  Eugene  and  Ver- 
non. 

Major  J.  II.  Donaldson  w  as  born  September 
5,  1835,  in  jSIuskingum  county,  Ohio,  his  parents 
being  natives  of  \'irginia,  who  came  to  Ohio  at 
an  early  day.  In  1856  he  married  Miss  Cochran 
of  the  same  county  and  State,  came  immediately 
to  Minnesota  and  located  a  claim,  near  where  is 
now  the  village  of  Farmington,  then  a  wilderness. 
He  remained  there  until  the  breaking  out  of  the 
war.  when  he  entered  the  Fourth  Minnesotii 
Infantry,  as  private:  soon  after  received  a  com- 
mission as  Lieutenant,  and  was  sent  at  once  to 
Fort  Ripley,  where  he  held  cdnunand  during  the 
winter  of  '61-2.  In  the  siuiug  of  isiii!  he  went 
south,  and  joined  the  aiiuy  hnmediately  after  the 
battle  of  Shiloh.  and  helped  drive  Beauregard's 
army  into  Corinth.  Was  on  the  staff  of  General 
Sanborn,  during,  and  prior  to,  the  siege  of  Vicks- 


282 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


burg,  and  was  present  at  nearly  all  the  battles  in 
that  vicinity.  He  received  the  commissions  of 
thirst  Lientenant,  Captain  and  Major  during  his 
liis  service.  On  leaving  the  service,  he  returned 
to  his  home,  and  with  (iovernor  Wni.  R.  Mar- 
shall opened  in  !Mower  comity  one  of  the  largest 
farms  in  the  state,  where  he  remained  for  three 
yeare.  lie  then  removed  to  St.  Paid,  and  opened 
a  Real  Estate  office,  at  the  same  time  conducting 
liis  farm.  In  lsT7.  removed  to  Minneapolis 
where  he  dealt  in  real  estate.  In  1880.  pureliased 
his  present  residence  at  Shingle  Creek.  Has  been 
county  commissioner  of  Dakota  c'ounty.  and  Rep- 
resentative of  the  same.  Is  still  in  llie  Real  Estate 
business.  Ottiee  in  Pence  Opera  House  block. 
Minneapolis. 

Josiah  Dutton  was  born  at  Cliarlestown.  Xe\\ 
Hampshire.  September,  1822,  and  three  years 
after  removed  with  his  parents  to  Essex  county, 
and  then  to  A\'arreii  couiit> .  Xew  York.  There 
he  lived  until  1853,  when  he  came  to  Mmnesota, 
and  three  months  after,  pre-empted  the  land  on 
which  he  now  lives,  containing  12(>  acres,  all  under 
cultivation.  Married  Miss  D.  C.  Clark,  of  Ver- 
mont, March  12.  1848.  They  have  had  four  chil- 
dren, two  now  living:  A.  C.  and  Jesse  X. 

David  Ellsworth  was  born  in  Chenango  county. 
Xew  York.  .July  28.  1820.  In  1830  he  moved  to 
Syracuse,  where  he  learned  the  tanner's  trade, 
following  it  for  some  time.  He  then  emliarked 
in  the  mercantile  business,  until  I8ij7.  when  he 
came  to  Minnesota,  and  settled  on  the  land  he 
now  occupies.  October  7.  1845.  he  married  Miss 
Caroline  "Wales,  who  died  May  22.  1840.  leaving 
two  children.  Mary  and  Caroline.  The  latter 
died  in  hifancy.  His  second  wife  was  Miss  Eu- 
phemia  Stevens.  Martha  A..  Margaret  D..  Ame- 
lia E.,  Frederick  J..  George  "W..  David  F.  and 
Edward  H.,  are  children  by  second  marriage. 

Rufus  Famham  was  born  in  A\'ashington  coun- 
ty, Xew  York.  Febrnarx  2.  1822.  and  remained 
there,  following  the  lumbering  l)usiiiess.  until  he 
came  to  St.  Anthony,  ;Minnesota.  October  23, 
1849.  He  followed  lumbering  until  1853.  when 
he  located  on  his  present  farm.  In  February. 
1849,  he  married  Miss  Eliza  J.  Gillesine,  of  Bar- 
ing, Washington  county,  Maine.  They  have  had 
twelve  children,  eight  of  whom  are  living. 

George  Giebenhain  was  born  in  Germany, 
March  29,  1827.    He  came  to  America  in  1850  ; 


lived  in  Xew  York  state  two  years ;  went  to  Illi- 
nois, and  remained  about  three  years.  In  1855 
he  came  to  Crystal  Lake.  Minnesota,  and  located 
where  he  now  lives.  He  has  270  acres,  130  un- 
der cultivation.  In  1864  he  enlisted  in  Co.  F. 
5th  Minn.  Vol.  Inf.,  and  served  till  the  war 
closed.  He  was  in  the  two  days  battle  at  X'asli- 
ville  :  went  into  it  with  300  men.  and  lost  135. 
In  1855.  he  married  Miss  Margaret  Schotield,  of 
Crystal  Lake.  They  have  had  twelve  children, 
ten  of  whom  are  living :  Louisa.  Albert,  Xicholas, 
William.  Charles.  Katlierine.  Peter.  Edward, 
Frank  and  Eldiiia. 

R.  II.  Hasty  was  born  in  York  county,  Maine, 
December  12th.  1823.  Came  to  Minnesota  hi 
1849.  and  settled  in  Stillwater,  where  he  followed 
the  lumbering  business  till  June  14tli.  1862,  when 
be  enlisted  in  the  Sixth  Mmnesota  ^'olunteer  In- 
fantry, and  was  appointed  Lieutenant  by  Gov. 
ilarshall.  He  crossed  the  plains  witli  General 
Sibley  in  his  campaigns  against  the  Indians.  On 
returning,  charge  was  given  him  of  the  conva- 
lescent department  at  Fort  (ioodhue.  He  w^as 
appointed  Drill  Sargent  to  the  drafted  men  at 
Fort  Snelling ;  was  relieved  July,  18B4,  and 
joined  his  regiment  at  Helena.  Arkansas.  Be- 
fore leaving,  tiov.  Marshall  appointed  him  Lieu- 
tenant. At  Helena  he  found  half  of  the  officei"S 
sick,  which  obUged  him  to  ilo  double  duty.  He 
was  taken  with  fever,  obtained  sick  leave,  and 
came  to  Minnesota.  He  was  honorably  dis- 
charged in  1865,  and  again  engaged  in  the  liun- 
bering  liusiness.  until  1880.  He  is  now  manufac- 
turing lirick  in  Crystal  Lake. 

F.  L.  Ilohvay  was  born  Xovember  11th,  1836, 
at  Machias.  Washington  county,  Maine.  He  fol- 
lowed farming  and  lumbering  till  21  years  of 
age.  In  1857  he  went  to  Saint  Paul,  for  a  short 
time,  then  went  to  Afton,  ^^linnesota,  and  en- 
gaged in  farming.  In  1859  he  weat  to  Saint  An- 
thony, and  worked  on  a  contract  for  railroad  ties, 
a  few  months :  then  came  to  I'rystal  Lake  to 
work  on  a  farm  :  after  wjiich  he  was  employed 
in  various  ways  in  Minneapolis  until  18(58.  when 
he  came  to  his  present  farm  in  Crystal  Lake, 
built  a  house,  and  moved  into  it  in  1871.  Mr. 
Holway  inaiTied  Ellen  Shepard,  of  Plymouth, 
Minnesota.  Two  children  have  been  born  to 
them.  Howard  and  ^larcia.  In  1864  he  enlisted 
in  Company  F.  of  the  Eleventh  Minnesota  Vol- 


CBYSTAL  LAKE—BIOGRAPHICAL. 


283 


unteer  Infantry,  under  Captain  Plummer.  and 
served  till  the  close  of  the  war.  He  lias  held 
several  town  offices. 

Jacob  Kesler  was  born  July  4th.  1S2(I.  in  Mer- 
cer county,  Pennsylvania.  In  1842  lie  went  to 
Keokuk,  Iowa,  and  on  Lis  arrival  had  but  half  a 
dollar  in  money.  Took  a  tri]!  to  New  Orleans  in 
the  winter  of  184.5.  Settled  for  a  time  in  Kentucky, 
opposite  Cincinnati ;  then  leiited  the  Mansion 
House  at  Newport.  Kentucky,  and  boanled  the 
Kith  regiment  until  it  left  for  Mexico.  For  three 
years  he  managed  hotels  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In 
1851,  went  to  Fort  Recovery.  Ohio,  and  engaged 
in  farming  for  three  years.  During  this  time  he 
cleared,  with  his  own  hands,  sixty-flve  acres. 
Moved  to  Union  City,  Indiana,  in  1854,  and  went 
into  the  grocery  business ;  also  dealt  largely  in 
grain.  In  1863  he  came  to  ^Minnesota,  and  set- 
tled in  Brooklyn,  and  opened  a  farm  of  7U0  acres, 
where  he  remained  nine  years ;  then  removed  to 
Minneapolis,  and  engaged  in  the  real  estate  busi- 
ness. In  187t3  he  built  his  present  elegant  home, 
and  removed  to  it.  He  ^^■as  m.irried  to  Miss 
Orinda  Nichols,  of  Campbell  county,  Kentucky. 
Octolier  27th,  184(i.  They  have  had  two  children, 
only  one  is  living.  In  the  winter  of  18(58-9,  he 
opened  the  first  regular  pork-packing  house  in 
Minneapolis. 

Philip  Kuch,  a  native  of  (jermany.  \\  as  born 
in  1831.  Came  to  America  in  1850,  and  located  in 
Erie  county,  Pennsylvania.  Followed  the  butcher 
business  until  1855.  when  he  went  to  St.  .Vntliony. 
and  remained  four  years;  then  moved  to  a  farm 
near  Medicine  Lake.  In  I.SHI  he  returned  to  the 
city,  and  in  1864  started  for  Idaho  with  a  number 
of  men,  uiuler  Capt.  Fisk,  of  St.  Paul.  AVhen 
near  the  foot  of  the  Black  Hills  they  were  at- 
tacked by  Indians,  and  were  surronnded  by  them 
for  twenty  days,  when  help  came  from  General 
Sully,  at  Fort  Rice.  Tliirteen  were  killed ;  the 
rest  returned  to  the  Fort.  He  returned  home 
and  bought  his  present  homestead  in  1865.  lie 
married  Miss  Elizabeth  Schafer,  in  IHoii.  They 
have  seven  children  :  Lizzie,  Henry.  Katlierine. 
Leopold,  Susan,  Marie,  and  (iracie. 

W.  G.  McKnight  was  liorn  in  Nashville.  Teiin.. 
January  27,  1853.  Moved  to  Christian  county, 
Missouri,  where  he  lived  until  l.s73.  when  he 
went  to  Indiana.  In  1875  he  went  to  Yankton, 
Dakota,  and  opened  a  boarding  house ;  then  went 


to  the  Black  Hills  and  remained  until  1879.  when 
he  came  to  Crystal  Lake,  and  has  since  been  a 
stock  dealer  here. 

W.  R.  ^ledcalf.  born  in  Licking  county,  Ohio, 
in  1842.  In  1852  he  moved  to  Crawford  county, 
Illinois,  and  remained  till  1866,  when  he  came  to 
Crystal  Lake  where  he  now  lives,  and  is  exten- 
sively engaged  in  fancy  gardening  and  the  culti- 
vation of  choice  fruits.  On  the  25th,  of  January 
1866,  he  was  married  to  Miss  A.  II.  Carr.  Their 
children  are  Ulysses  Grant,  Cora  A.  and  Eflie  A. 

Francis  Morrison  was  born  in  Windsor.  Ver- 
mont, in  1813.  At  thirteen  years  of  age  he  re- 
moved to  Stowe.  where  he  continued  for  some 
time.  In  1847  he  conmienced  w  ork  on  the  A'ermont 
Central  Railroad  and  worked  four  years.  In  1 851  he 
went  to  Indiana  and  took  a  contract  on  New  Ogden 
and  ^Michigan  City  Railroad.  In  1852  came  to  St. 
Anthony,  and  at  once  located  153  acres  in  what  is 
now  Demmon  &  Morrison's  addition,  and  paid  the 
first ^money  into  the  Government  Land  Office  at 
Minneapolis.  He  has  been  extensively  engaged  in 
lumbering,  in  the  mean  lime  Imilding  a  mill  at 
Clearwater.  In  1854  he  was  President  and  Su- 
perintendent of  the  Mississippi  Bridge  Company. 
and  had  charge  of  building  the  first  suspension 
bridge  across  the  river:  he  and  Mr.  (ririfflths  the 
engineer,  were  the  first  to  cross  it  in  a  carriage. 
Mr.  Morrison  was  also  superintendent  of  the  ma- 
sonry for  the  new  bridge.  Since  coming  here  he 
has  been  largely  identified  with  the  building  up 
of  the  city. 

S.  I).  Morrison  was  burn  Decciiiberyoth.  Is32.  in 
\Vashington  county,  Maine.  He  lived  there  till 
185<i.  then  came  to  Minneapolis  and  followed  the 
carpenters  trade  untill  1.S70,  wlien  he  moved  to 
Crystal  Lake:  then  two  years  later  returned  to 
Minneapolis.  In  1^74  he  moved  again  to  Crystal 
Lake  and  followed  dairying  two  years.  Since 
then  he  has  been  manufacturing  brick  in  the  larg- 
est establishment  in  tliis  county,  and  is  one  of  the 
leading  citizens  of  the  town. 

II.  Oswald  was  born  in  Switzerland.  Marcli 
17th,  1832.  Came  to  Americain  1854 and  settled 
in  West  Virginia.  In  1855  he  moved  to  Illinois, 
and  the  following  March  came  to  Minneapolis 
and  embarked  in  mercantile  business,  following 
it  until  1858,  when  he  was  appointed  toll-keeper 
at  the  upper  bridge,  holding  the  position  until 
1862;  he  again  entered  mercantile   life  and  fol- 


2S4 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


lowed  it  until  1872,  when  he  bought  the  mills 
in  Crystal  Lake  which  he  has  conducted  since. 
He  was  twice  elected  alderman  in  Minneapolis. 

W.  P.  Peterson  was  born  in  Sweden,  in  1842. 
He  attended  school  until  fifteen  years  of  age. 
then  learned  the  trade  of  carpenter  and  joiner, 
and  emigrated  to  America  in  18ii4.  settling  in 
Carver,  Minnesota,  where  he  stayed  one  year.  He 
then  removed  to  ilinneapolis,  and  commenced 
the  manufacture  of  brick  on  the  Champliu  Road, 
three  miles  north  of  Minneapolis.  He  is  now 
doing  a  large  business  there,  under  tlie  tirm  name 
of  Peterson  &  Benson. 

P.  yv.  Reidhead.  a  native  of  Maine,  was  born 
in  Hancock  county,  October  26th,  1844.  He 
lived  tliere  initil  1860  when  he  came  to  ilinneap- 
olis;  remained  four  years  and  then  returned  to 
Maine.  In  lSli6  he  came  back  to  Minnesota  and 
settled  ou  the  farm  owned  by  his  father  in  Crys- 
tal Lake.  He  married,  in  1865,  !Miss  A.  M.  Kin- 
eaid.  They  have  had  four  children.  Mr.  Reid- 
head's  father  came  to  this  county  al)out  1849 
and  remained  until  his  death. 

A.  D.  Shoop  was  born  in  Dauphin  county. 
Pennsylvania,  November  10th,  1837.  He  started 
in  life  for  himself  in  1859,  near  the  old  home- 
stead, where  he  farmed  until  I860,  when  he  came 
to  Minnesota  and  rented  several  farms.  He  is 
now  living  on  the  farm  owned  by  J.  K.  and  H. 
G.  Sidle,  in  Crystal  Lake.  On  September  22d. 
1856.  he  married  Miss  Emeline  Hoke.  Their 
four  children  are  William.  James.  Charles  and 
Mary. 

Peter  Schuller.  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  l)orn 
August.  1828.  Came  to  America  in  1852,  and 
worked  in  St.  Louis  as  stone  mason  until  1855, 
when  he  came  to  St.  Paul.  In  1857  he  made  his 
pre-emption  of  160  acres  in  Crystal  Lake.  He 
takes  a  great  interest  in  fruit  growing,  has  now 
three  acres  of  orchard.  He  has  held  every  office 
in  town  but  clerk,  has  also  been  county  coroner. 
Married,  in  1856.  Miss  Mary  Gellner.  They  have 
ten  children  living:  Barnard.  Susan.  Lizzie.  Peter, 
Charles,  ilargaret.  Mary.  .Tuhn.  Hubert  and 
Mathias. 

J.  P.  Shumway  was  born  in  ^Vindham  county, 
Connecticut,  June  1830.  Ileremahied  there,  en- 
gaged in  farming,  until  1855,  when  he  came  to 
Minnesota  and  located  a  claim  near  Crow  River. 
In  1856  he  bought  the  land  where  he  has  since 


lived.  In  the  fall  of  1864  he  enlisted  in  the 
Eleventh  Minnesota  Infantry,  and  served  luitil 
the  close  of  the  war.  Mr.  Shumway  has  been 
Treasmer  of  Crystal  Lake  for  the  past  three 
years.  In  1850  he  married  Louisa  A.  Russ,  of 
Chaplin.  Connecticut.  To  them  have  been  born 
two  children. 

Leonard  Wagner  was  boru  in  Prussia  in  1822. 
In  1848  he  emigrated  to  America,  came  to  AVis- 
consin  and  worked  in  a  saw  mill.  In  1852 
removed  to  St.  Anthony,  remained  there  one 
year,  then  went  to  Crystal  Lake.  Mrs.  Wagner 
was  the  first  white  woman  in  that  vicinity.  In 
1852  Mr.  ^Vaguer  was  married  to  Margaret  Bauen- 
feind.  They  have  eight  children  :  Maggie,  Eliza- 
beth. Ileinrich.  Eldena.  Eleanora.  George.  Edwin 
and  Adelia. 

Charles  "Witt,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
in  1827.  He  came  to  America  in  18.52.  settled  in 
Cleveland.  Oliio.  and  engaged  in  the  meat  busi- 
ness. In  1854  he  went  to  Superior  City,  and 
thence  to  Duluth  ;  which  at  that  time  had  but 
two  houses.  In  1856  he  went  to  Ontonagon. 
Michigan,  then  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1867.  and 
opened  the  "Lake  Superior  Market,"  and  operated 
it  until  1S79,  when  he  .started  his  large  stock 
yard  and  slaughter  limise.  corner  Second  street 
and  Twenty-Sixtli  Avenue  north. 

Anton  Wolf,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  liorn  in 
1S30.  He  came  to  America  in  isui.  and  in  com- 
pany with  others  went  to  (ieorgetown,  on  the 
Red  River ;  remained  there  three  months,  then 
went  to  St.  Cloud.  Minnesota,  thence  to  St.  Paul, 
where  he  remained  aliout  three  years,  then  went 
to  Medina,  where  he  married  :Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Meurer  Ililger.  For  a  time  he  was  at  ilinnea- 
poUs  working  in  a  lumber  yard  :  he  also  kept  the 
'■Harmonia  House"  and  the  "Washington  House." 
In  1875  he  came  to  Crystal  Lake  and  erected  the 
hotel  of  which  he  is  now  proprietor.  He  has 
one  child.  .Joseph. 

William  Zirbes  was  liorn  in  (ierniany.  ilarch 
24,1836.  Came  to  America  in  18.58  and  to  St. 
Anthony.  He  bought  the  farm  where  he  now 
lives  :  it  is  beautifully  located  on  Twin  Lakes.  In 
1864  he  enlisted  in  company  E,  Eleventh  Mimie- 
sota  Infantry  Volunteers,  and  served  till  the  close 
of  the  war.  In  1866  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Kate  Staffes.  Their  children  are  Fannie  and 
Julia. 


BROOKLYN— EARLY  SETILEMENT. 


285 


BROOKLYN. 


OHAPTEH    XLV. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION — EARLY  SETTLEMENT — 
POLITICAL  RECORD— CHURCHES  -SCHOOLS— 
lUOGRAPIIICAL. 

Brooklyn  is  situated  in  the  iioitli-easteni  part 
of  the  county,  on  the  Mississippi  river.  The  ori- 
ginal boundaries  of  the  town  were  estalilished 
April  loth,  l^SoS,  and  embraced,  in  addition  to 
township  119,  range  21,  the  two  northern  tiers  of 
sections  in  118,  21,  which  now  form  a  part  of 
Crystal  Lake.  At  a  session  of  tlie  board  of  county 
commissioners,  July  8th,  1858,  tlie  boundaries 
were  changed  to  the  present  limits,  by  the  esta))- 
lishment  of  the  town  of  Farmersville.  This  took 
off  tlie  two  southern  tiers  of  sections.  At  a  sub- 
sequent meeting  of  tlie  board,  the  action  with 
regard  to  the  formation  of  Farmersville,  was  re- 
considered, and  the  boundary  of  IJrooklyii  was 
left  as  originally  established  until  tlie  organiza- 
tion of  tlie  town  of  Crystal  Lake. 

Tlie  surface  is  very  level  and  conse(|uently 
nearly  destitute  of  lakes,  to  which  the  other  towns 
of  the  county  owe  much  of  their  lieauty.  Tlie 
few  that  exist  are  shallow,  witli  low,  marsli>- 
shores.  Palmer  Lake,  in  section  26,  through 
which  Shingle  Creek  flows,  is  the  largest.  A  va- 
riation from  the  uniform  level  occurs  in  the  south- 
west, where  a  small  corner  reaches  on  the  rolling 
clay  beyond  the  sandy  belt,  in  which  tlie  rest  of 
the  township  lies.  The  extensive  marslics  yield 
abundance  of  good  wild  hay,  most  of  whicli  can  lie 
cut  by  machines.  The  prairie  land  is  divided  in 
four  distinct  praires,  known  as  Ijottineau,  Long, 
Jenkins  and  Getchell  prairies.  The  first,  named 
from  Pierre  Bottineau,  an  early  settler,  is  about 
a  mile  in  width  and  three  in  lengtli.  Long,  took 
its  name  from  its  shape  and  is  four  miles  in 
length  by  one  and  a  half  in  widtli.  The  two  last, 
bear  the  names  of  early  settlers.    Jenkins  is  one 


and  a  half  and  Getchell,  one  mile  in  width.  Tlie 
timber  is  small,  though  a  little  of  larger  growth  is 
found  in  the  north-east  near  the  river,  and  in 
the  south-west  on  the  clay.  The  bluffs  along  the 
river  are  low  and  sandy.  The  Mississippi  is  navi- 
gable here  and  small  steamers  ply  up  and  down. 
Shingle  Creek  Hows  across  the  township  from 
west  to  east. 

EARLY   SETTLEMENT. 

In  the  spring  of  1852,  Washington  Getchell, 
his  son  Winslow,  Amos  Berry,  and  Jacob  Long- 
fellow, made  claims  at  the  same  time  on  \^'hat  is 
now  called  Getchell  Prairie,  in  the  southern  part 
of  the  township.  Winslow  Getchell  remained 
but  a  few  months,  and  returned  to  St.  Anthony. 
On  the  Hrst  day  of  July,  Joseph  Potvin,  P.  Bot- 
tineau, Peter  Raiche,  and  Peter  Garvais  made 
claims  on  Bottineau  Prairie,  and  camped  on  their 
claims  the  first  night.  Ezra  Ilanscom,  who  came 
to  St.  Anthony,  from  Maine,  in  ISoO,  took  a  claim 
near  the  Getcliells,  July  2d,  18.52;  began  his  house 
in  April,  and  completed  it  in  July.  185.3.  With 
Ezra  Ilanscom  came  his  two  Ijrothers-in-law, 
N.  S.  Grover  and  John  W.  Brown,  who  took 
claims,  but  abandoned  them.  These  were,  with- 
out doubt,  the  first  actual  settlers  in  the  township. 
In  the  spring  of  1853,  no  improvements  had  been 
made,  and  all  was  wild.  Indian  trails  supplied 
the  place  of  roads,  and  the  red  men  were  found 
in  great  numbers.  The  Chippewas  were  the  more 
numerous,  and  the  tribes  were  continually  at  war 
with  each  other.  They  were  not,  lio\\ever,  hos- 
tile to  the  whites,  and  only  caused  annoyance  by 
pilfering,  and  frightening  women  and  children. 

In  the  fall  of  1858.  Allen  B.  Chaffee  and  a  colo- 
ny of  fourteen  families  came  from  Adrian,  Mieh- 
gan,  and  that  vicinity.  In  the  spring  following, 
some  returned  and  brought  out  additional  set- 
tlers to  tlie  colony. 

The  following  were  of  the  ^Vdrian  colony: 
H.   H.  Smith,  Thomas  Keeley,  D.  B.  Thayer. 


286 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Otis  H.  Brown,  Seneca  15.,  Jeremiah.  John  and 
Job  Brown,  Homer.  Howell  and  Stephen  Roberts 
and  another  brother,  Stephen  Caner,  and  John 
Clark,  who  all  settled  within  a  radins  of  three  or 
four  miles  of  Osseo.  .Vt  the  tune  of  settlement 
the  land  was  not  surveyed,  and  when  afterward, 
in  18-5o,  the  survey  was  made,  part  found  them- 
selves in  ]5rooklyn  and  part  in  Maple  (irove. 
Most  of  tlie  members  of  this  eolony  are  still  liv- 
ing: iu  town.  John  Fogerson,  fathei-  of  Allen 
Fogei'son.  Job  Brown  and  otheis,  drove  a  team 
and  stock  through  for  Chaffee  and  Smith.  They 
were  six  or  seven  weeks  on  the  road,  while  those 
who  came  without  delay,  consumed  about  two 
weeks  in  the  journey.  Their  route  was  by  rail- 
road to  Eock  Island,  and  thence  by  boat  to  St. 
Paul.  At  ^Minneapolis  they  crossed  the  river  by 
ferry,  and  found  the  first  store  on  the  west  side 
just  building,  on  the  corner  of  First  Street  and 
Bridge  Square,  but  could  not  buy  a  jiound  of  nails 
or  sugar  on  the  west  side  of  the  river.  On 
reaching  their  claims.  Smith.  Keeleyaud  Thayer 
built,  at  first,  a  shaul>  in  company,  tlie  roof  of 
which  was  so  poor  that  tin-iians  were  used  to 
catch  the  water  as  it  came  through  from  the  rain. 
Soon,  however,  each  had  his  own  liouse,  more 
thoroughly  built.  Mr.  Thayer  died  three  years 
since.  Mr.Smith  now  lives  in  Minneapolis,  where 
he  practices  as  a  magnetic  physician.  Daniel 
Chase  and  Alonzo  Bragdon  reached  Long  Prairie 
about  a  week  sooner  than  the  Adrian  settlers. 
A.  H.  Benson  bought  and  improved  a  claim  in 
1854,  and  moved  on  it  in  1855.  Jonathan  Estes, 
J.  M.  Diirnam,  X.  Crocker,  L.  R.  Palmer  and  J. 
P.  Plummer.  settled  here  in  l.s53-"->4.  The  first 
settlers  on  Long  Prairie  were  Ilirain  Smith.  Job 
Kenneston.  Charles  Miles,  James  II.  W.  Brown, 
St<>phen  Howe,  William  Cate  and  J.  I).  Ilervey. 
Of  the  first  settlers  on  (letchell  Prairie.  Wash- 
ington Getehell  and  his  son,  "Winslow,  are  now 
m  California.  Jacob  Longfellow  has  always  re- 
niamed  in  the  town,  and  Amos  Berry  lives  in 
California.  Ezra  Ilauscom  still  lives  on  his  orig- 
inal claim. 

Of  the  early  settlers  on  Long  Prairie.  Mr.  sill- 
ier is  now  in  Anoka  county.  Jol)  Kenneston.  in 
Todd  county,  and  Charles  Miles  in  Minneapolis. 
Brown  enlisted  in  the  First  Minnesota  Infantry, 
and  was  several  times  wounded.  lie  had  both 
legs  and   one  arm  broken  in  different  engage- 


ments. He  was  taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  in 
front  of  Petersbiu'g.  and  exchanged  after  three 
months.  He  then  went  to  England  to  obtain 
property,  to  whicli  he  had  become  an  heir,  but 
found  on  arrival  that  it  had  reverted  to  the  crown, 
in  default  of  a  claimant  within  the  prescribed 
time.  He  returned  to  America,  took  a  claim  at 
Holmes  City,  and  died  there  twelve  years  since. 
Stephen  Howe  lives  in  Anoka  city.  William 
Cate  lives  in  Iowa,  and  Ilervey  went  hack  to 
Massachusetts  six  years  ago. 

The  grasshopper  scourge,  from  which  many 
of  the  towns  suffered,  was  felt  in  a  slight  degree 
Ijy  this  town.  In  1857  a  narrow  strip  of  comitry 
from  the  Northwest  i^art  of  the  town,  extending  as 
far  as  Ezra  Ilanscom's.  near  the  center,  was  devas- 
tated by  grasshoppers.  At  this  point  their  de- 
struction ceased  abruptly,  and  their  sudden  Hight 
would  be  regarded  remarkable,  had  similar  ca- 
prices never  been  reported  elsewhere. 

POLITICAL    EECURD. 

The  first  town  meeting  was  helil  at  the  liouse 
of  Ezra  Ilauscom.  May  11th.  1858.  At  this  meet- 
ing, one  hundred  and  twenty-eight  votes  were 
cast,  resultins^  in  the  election  of  Supervisors,  E. 
T.  Ailing,  chairman.  William  Stinchfield  and  J. 
P.  Plummer:  Clerk.  L.  T.  B.  Andrews;  Asses- 
sor. Ezra  Ilauscom  :  Collector,  James  McRay  ; 
Overseer  of  Poor.  James  Xorris ;  Justices  of  the 
Peace,  H.  II.  Smith,  and  A.  H.  Benson  ;  Consta- 
bles. J.  M.  Durnam  and  W.  T).  Getehell.  The  offi- 
cers of  the  town  for  1S80,  were,  Supervisors,  Levi 
L.  Get<'hell.  chairman,  Ole  Ilalverson  and  T.  R. 
Doten:  Clerk.  E.  R.  Xorris;  Assessor.  Ezra 
Hanscom  ;  Treasurer,  William  Stinchfield  ;  Jus- 
tice of  the  Peace,  E.  R.  Xorris :  Constables, 
William  A.  Howe  and  Warren  Fletchei-. 

The  settlement  of  this  town  went  on  rapidly 
from  1853.  Within  two  years  the  town  was  well 
settled.  Ill  1S54.  nearly  all  the  land  had  been 
taken.  •■  Claim  jumping  "  was  common,  and  led 
to  stirring  times  and  some  excitement. 

The  following  statistics  will  show  the  present 
status  and  growtli  of  the  town.  The  number  of 
acres  of  land,  according  to  the  report  of  1880,  is 
20.114.  The  assessed  valuation  of  real  estate, 
exclusive  of  town  lots,  for  1869,  was  8112,346  ; 
for  1875.  S258.M26 ;  for  1880.  S34G,715  ;  of  personal 
property   for   1869,   $41,566;  for   1875,   852,497; 


BROOKLYN—CHURCHES— SOCIETIES— SCHOOLS. 


287 


for  1880,  §53,738.  Total  amount  of  taxes  for 
1869,  $4,111:  for  1875,  §4,592;  for  1880,  §3,764. 
Horses  over  two  years  old,  in  1869,  343  ;  In  1875, 
446  ;  in  1880,  463.  Cattle  over  two  years  old,  in 
1869,  559  ;  in  1875,  703  ;  in  1880,  459.  Sheep,  in 
1869,351;  in  1875,279;  in  1880,  326.  IIo^s.  in 
1869,  127;  in  1875,  160;  in  1880,  198.  Wheat, 
in  1869,  14.714  bushels;  in  1875.  24,640  bushels; 
in  1880,  3,4()6  aiTps. 

The  population,  from  the  census  of  isso,  is 
1,060. 

CHURCHES. 

Two  organizations,  '"The  Methodist  Episoo- 
pal"  and  "Baptist"  are  sustained.  "The  Metho- 
dist" church,  began  Ijy  the  formation  of  a  class, 
in  the  Spring  of  1855.  Rev.  J.  B.  Mills  was  tlie 
first  pastor.  Rev.  David  Brown  was  the  Presiding 
Elder.  The  class  consisted  of  eight  members, 
and  the  leader  was  Kev.  J.  W.  Dow,  who  was 
soon  followed  by  A.  II.  Benson.  Thetirst  iireadi- 
ing  in  town  was  at  the  residences  of  members, 
sometimes  at  Mr.  Dow's  and  sometimes  at  J.  P. 
Phunmer"s.  Mr.  Dow  lived  in  a  log  shanty  and 
Mr.  Plummer  in  a  cabin,  12x16  feet.  The  class 
gradually  increased,  and  from  it  tliree  other  class- 
es were  formed.  The  church  at  the  corners  was 
built,  and  dedicated  September  26tli,  1866.  while 
Rev.  J.  D.  Kicli  was  pastor.  Tlie  churcli  is  of 
wood,  23x40  feet.  The  dedicatory  services  were 
conducted  by  Presiding  Elder  J.  F.  Chaffee.  A 
parsonage  was  built  the  following  year.  The 
present  membership  is  fifty-four.  The  pastor  for 
1880-1,  is  Rev.  J.  G.  Teter.  He  also  has  charge 
of  the  church  at  Sliingle  Creek,  preaching  Sun- 
day morning  at  Brooklyn  and  in  the  evening  at 
Shingle  Creek.  Sabbath  school  is  held  every 
Sunday,  with  an  attendance  of  about  sixty  schol- 
ars. 

The  Broiiklyn  Centre  Baptist  church  was  built 
in  1868,  and  dedicated  in  Septemberof  that  year. 
It  cost  S2,200  and  the  parsonage,  since  built, 
aijout  §700.  Tlie  size  of  the  church  is  25x38 
feet,  with  a  vestibule  six  feet  square.  Rev.  L. 
C.  Hall  is  now  pastor  and  the  churcli  nuinliers 
twenty-five  members. 

Mound  Cemetery  was  established,  about  1860, 
by  an  association  duly  organized  as  the  "  Mound 
Cemetery  Association."  Lots  are  sold  to  all 
applicants,  irrespective  of  denomination.  It  was 
named  from  an  Indian  mound  in  the  vicinity. 


An  examination  of  the  mound  revealed  bones, 
pottery ,arrow-heads,tomahawks.  etc.  The  mound 
is  about  two  rods  in  diameter  at  the  base,  ten  feet 
high,  and  is  circular  in  form. 

SOCIETIES. 

I.  O.  of  G.  T.  The  lirst  attempt  to  organize  a 
Good  Templars  Lodge  was  sixteen  or  seventeen 
years  ago,  but  it  continued  only  three  or  four 
years.  A  new  organization  took  place  December 
19th,  1874,with  about  thirty  cliarter  memliers,  and 
officers  as  follow  :  II.  G.  Abbott,  W.  C.  T.;  Miss 
Lillie  Williams,  W.  Y.  T.;  Robert  W.  Xorris, 
L.  D.  Meetings  were  first  held  in  tlie  Grange 
Hall,  and  continued  to  Ije  held  until  about  a  yeai- 
ago,  since  which  time  meetings  have  been  held 
over  the  post-office.  The  lodge  at  present,  num- 
bers about  ninety  members,  with  officers :  Fred 
A.  Hanscoi  ,  A\^  C.  T.;  Miss  Maggie  Monser,  W. 
Y.  T.;  Fred  Libby,  L.  D. 

Patrons  of  Husbandry.  Bohanon  Grange  No. 
445.  This  society  has  a  hall  located  at  Brooklyn 
Centre.  It  has  received  some  additions  since  it 
was  first  built,  and  is  at  present  22x42  feet,  one 
story.  The  society  was  organized  February  25, 
1875,  with  about  twenty  charter  memliers,  which 
number  increased  to  seventy-five  in  two  or  three 
weeks.  The  membership  at  present,  is  about 
twenty-five,  with  N.  G.  Abbott,  W.  :M. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  was  held  in  1854,  and,  therefore, 
before  the  town  organization,  which  took  jilace 
four  years  later.  It  was  kept  on  Long  prairie  in 
a  board  shanty,  with  a  board  roof  and  two  half- 
windows.  Ten  pupils  attended.  The  teacher  was 
Miss  Augusta  McLaughlin,  w  ho  came  from  Port- 
land, Maine,  on  account  of  consumptive  tenden- 
cies, hoping  here  to  recover  her  health.  She  died, 
however,  in  the  spring  following.  The  next 
teacher  was  Jliss  Amelia  Griggs,  in  1855.  The 
settlement  in  the  mean  time  grew,  the  shanty  was 
discarded  and  a  sulistantial  scliool-house  built. 
The  shanty  was  built  by  contribution  and  the  ef- 
fort for  the  new  house  was  begun  in  the  same 
manner,  but  the  organization  of  a. school  district, 
the  bounds  of  which  are  uncertain,  enabled  the 
movers  to  complete  it  by  direct  tax. 

During  the  fall  of  1854,  a  school  was  held  on 
Getchell  Prairie,  taught  by  Miss  Mary  Huff, 
afterward  Mis.  .loel  F.  Howe,  now  residing  in 


288 


HISTORY  OF  BEXyEPIN  COVNTY. 


Minneapolis.  This  school  was  taught  in  a  tem- 
porary building  on  section  28.  In  1859  a  school- 
house  was  built  on  the  present  site,  section  27; 
sold  in  1S72  and  a  more  commodious  building 
erected. 

The  first  school-house  in  tlie  township  was 
built  on  section  IS.  near  Osseo.  in  what  was 
known  as  the  Smitli  district,  in  the  summer  of 
1855.  Miss  Svlvia  Rowe  was  teacher.  She  was 
succeeded  by  H.  H.  Smith,  who  taught  several  suc- 
cessive terms,  of  tliree  months  in  winter  and 
three  in  summer.     This  house  was  burned  in  1864. 

In  the  summer  of  1855,  a  school  was  opened  in 
the  south-west  part  of  the  township,  by  the  wife 
e)f  Rev.  Partridge.  She  was  unable  to  finish  it. 
on  account  of  sickness,  and  the  term  was  com- 
pleted by  ilary  Smith.  The  building  where  the 
school  was  held,  was  a  shed,  covered  with  straw, 
with  ground  floor  and  stalls  for  horses.  Mr.  Par- 
tridge removed  the  stalls,  and  laid  a  rough  board 
floor,  but  the  straw  roof  remained.  All  the  early 
schools  were  held  in  biuldings  of  nearly  as  rude 
a  character  as  that  above  described.  The  first 
school  in  the  south-east  part  of  the  town,  was 
held  in  the  winter  of  1855(5,  at  the  house  of  ^Ir. 
J.  Reidliead.  This  was  also  taught  by  Miss  Mary 
Huff.  Schools  were  held  at  various  private 
liouses  in  the  district  until  1859,  when  the  first 
school  house  was  built.  The  present  building  is 
a  fine  structiu-e,  and  a  model  country  school- 
house.  It  is  situated  on  section  25,  and  belongs 
to  district  29.  Seven  school  houses  are  located 
in  the  township  :  Xo.  27,  a  joint  district,  located 
on  section  32 ;  Xo.  28,  entire  ilistrict,  house 
built  in  1872,  on  section  28:  District  Xo.  29, 
house  built  in  1872.  on  section  25 :  District  Xo. 
30.  Imilt  in  1873,  on  section  11 ;  Xo.  31.  located 
on  section  9,  built  in  1858.  since  remodeled,  Xo. 
32.  located  on  section  17,  built  in  1878.  Xo.  33, 
a  joint  district,  house  on  section  6,  buUt  m  1880, 
There  are,  in  addition  to  those  named,  three  joint 
districts,  with  school-liouses  located  in  other 
towns. 

MILLS,   .STOKES,   HOTELS,   ETC. 

In  1859  or  'OO.  a  saw  mill  was  l]uilt  at  the  Mis- 
sissippi river,  on  section  3(i,  by  a  company  called 
•'The  Industrial  ilill  t'ompany."  of  which  J,  C. 
Post  was  manager,  and  a  town  platted,  called 
Industriana.  The  mill  did  not  prove  profitable, 
and  the  whole  enterprise  met  a  tragic  end  by  tlie 


explosion  of  tlie  mill,  about  two  years  after  it 
was  built,  crippUng  the  engineer  for  life  and 
throwing  the  boiler  about  eighty  rods.  Thus 
ended  the  "Industrial  !Mill  Company"  and  ■'In- 
dustriana." A  similar  experience  was  had  on 
sections  11  and  12.  where  a  mill  was  built  in 
185(5-7,  and  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  platted 
in  town  lots  and  called  "  Ilarrisliurg."  A  hotel, 
several  dwellings  and  one  or  two  stores  were 
built.  The  whole  was  short  lived.  The  mill  was 
torn  down,  a  few  years  after,  one  house  Vmrned, 
and  the  remainder  removed,  so  th;>t  no  trace  of 
the  village  now  remains.  A  portion,  however, 
has  not  been  vacated,  and  is  still  assessed  in  blocks 
and  lots.  The  plow  runs  over  a  portion  and  tlie 
rest  is  grown  up  to  brush. 

At  Brooklyn  Centre,  a  sniull  store  and  post- 
oftice  is  united,  under  C.  R.  Howe,  who  has  been 
postmaster  since  the  office  was  established,  in 
1873.  It  is  on  the  Minneapolis  and  Monticello 
route  and  has  a  tri-weekly  mail.  Tlie  firet  post- 
office  was  on  the  river  road,  established  about 
fifteen  years  ago,  but  was  discontinued  about  the 
time  of  the  establishment  of  the  post-office  at  the 
centre.  Cyrus  Hillman  was  postmaster  and  the 
route  was  special,  with  a  weekly  mail.  The 
town  hall,  completed,  in  1874,  is  situated  nearly 
in  the  center  of  the  town  ;  its  size  is  2(5x3(5   feet. 

RAILROAD. 

Tlie  Minneapolis  &  X'orth-western  branch  of 
the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Manitoba  railway, 
passes  through  a  portion  of  the  town.  It  enters 
on  the  south  line  of  section  32.  thence  in  a  direct 
line  to  tlie  village  of  Osseo,  on  section  18,  where 
it  leaves  the  townslup. 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

James  Archer,  born  ui  Washington  county, 
Xew  York,  in  1822.  He  Uved  there  fourteen 
years ;  then  moved  to  Lake  county.  Illiaois,  and 
engaged  in  farming  until  1854  :  then  he  went  to 
Dakota  count\.  ^linnesota.  and  remained  until 
1865,  when  he  went  to  Minneapolis,  and  started 
in  the  livery  busmess.  which  he  followed  for  seven 
years.  He  then  moved  to  Xorthfield.  and  biult 
the  Archer  House.  In  1878  he  returned  to  Min- 
neapolis, and  in  1880  bought,  and  moved  to  his 
present  location.  Married  to  second  wife,  Sarah 
D.  Monser.  in  1873.    They  have  three  children. 

Levi  Brigham,  born  in  Canada  East.  January 


BROOKL  YN—BIOGRAFHICAL. 


289 


18th,  1820.  At  nine  years  of  age  he  moved  to 
Burlington,  Vermont.  Remained  thereabout  six 
years ;  then  went  to  Worcester,  Massachusetts, 
and  lived  until  ]8o-3,  -when  he  came  to  Miiniesota, 
and  took  a  claim  in  Hennepin  county.  This  he 
sold,  and  bought  140  acres  two  miles  nortli  of 
Osseo.  jSIarried,  in  1843,  to  Miss  ^lary  Cadora, 
of  Massachusetts.  They  are  the  parents  of  four 
children. 

Otis  11.  Brown  was  born  in  Hampshire  county, 
Massachusetts,  in  181 1.  He  lived  there  nine  years; 
then  moved  to  Niagara  county,  New  York.  At 
the  age  of  seventeen,  he  went  to  Pennsylvania, 
and  engaged  on  the  Pennsylvania  Canal  for  six- 
teen years,  when  for  a  time  he  ran  steaml)oats  on 
the  Ohio  River.  In  lSo4  he  came  to  Hennepin 
county,  took  a  claim  near  Osseo,  sold  it,  and  now 
owns  a  small  place  near  the  village.  He  settled 
here  before  the  government  survey,  and  was 
chairman  of  the  Board  that  named  Maple  Grove. 

Thaddeus  C.  Capron  was  born  in  Bristol  coun- 
ty, Massachusetts,  in  1821.  He  lived  there  until 
1850 ;  moved  to  Waterbury,  Connecticut.  In 
the  spring  of  18.54  he  came  to  Hennepin  county, 
and  settled  in  Minneapolis.  In  1874,  bought  the 
farm  on  which  he  now  lives.  Married,  in  1847,  to 
Adelia  Prince,  of  ilaine.  They  have  had  seven 
children,  five  of  whom  are  now  living. 

E.  H.  Chandler  was  born  in  O.xi'ord  county, 
Maine,  in  1S39.  He  moved  to  .Miiuiesota  in  1854, 
and  settled  in  Minneapolis,  where  he  remained 
for  eight  years  ;  then  he  removed  to  Osseo.  En- 
listed in  1861  in  Co.  D,  1st  Minn.  He  was  crippled 
for  a  short  time  at  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run ; 
he  served  three  year.s,  and  was  discharged  at  Fort 
Snelling.  He  was  married  in  1865,  to  Sarah 
Curtis.    They  have  five  children  living. 

S.  P.  Chipman,  a  native  of  Maine,  was  born  in 
Oxford  county,  in  1823.  He  lived  there  thirty 
years,  his  occupation  being  farming.  He  moved 
to  La  Fayette  county.  Wisconsin,  for  three  and 
one-half  years ;  then  to  Ripley  county,  Indiana, 
where  he  remained  eleven  years.  In  the  spring 
of  1868  he  came  to  Heimepin  cmuity  :  in  the  fall 
he  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the  county 
poor  farm,  and  had  charge  of  it  tor  aljout 
four  years.  He  finally  settled  in  Litchfield, 
Meeker  comity,  and  was  engaged  in  wheat  buy- 
ing for  eight  years.  In  1880  he  bought  his  pres- 
ent farm,  and  located  in  Bruoklvn.  He  enlisted 
19 


in  Co.  A,  83d  Ind.  Inf.  as  Captain,  in  August. 
1862 :  was  twice  wounded  at  Vieksburg,  May 
19,  1863.  The  first  wound  was  from  a  spent  ball, 
which  struck  him  in  the  forehead ;  was  soon 
after  struck  in  the  foot,  and  taken  to  the  hospital, 
where  he  remained  until  he  could  be  taken  home. 
He  was  granted  a  furlough  until  able  to  take  his 
place,  when  he  was  promoted  to  Lieutenant  Col. 
of  the  83d.  He  was  honorably  discharged  at 
Iluntsville,  Alaltama,  April  26,  1864.  In  1854. 
he  was  marrieil  to  Achsa  Cutler,  of  Franklin 
county,  Maine.  They  have  had  three  children. 
One  is  now  living. 

Andrew  .J.  Coulter  was  born  in,  Washington 
county.  Maine,  in  1830.  He  spent  three  years  on 
a  coasting  ve.ssel,  and  one  year  hi  California. 
Came  to  Jlinnesota  in  1855  and  took  a  claim  on 
Rum  River  which  he  sold  in  1856.  He  lived 
three  years  at  Jlinneapolis;  took  a  claim  at  Fort 
Snelling  and  held  it  until  l.S(iii.  when  he  came 
to  Brooklyn  and  bought  305  acres.  He  now  has 
146  acres.  Married  in  1854  to  Lois  M.  John- 
son.   They  have  six  children. 

N.  Crooker,  born  in  Limerick,  York  county, 
Maine,  in  1826.  At  eleven  years  of  age  he  moved 
with  his  parents  to  Oxford  county,  Maine.  He 
spent  some  time  in  Massachusetts,  and  May  10th, 
1854,  came  to  St.  Anthony.  He  bought  a  claim 
in  Brooklyn  on  which  he  has  since  lived.  He 
was  married  in  18.53  to  Esther  A.  Reidhead. 
Their  cliildren  are  John  and  Charles.  Mr.  Crook- 
er was  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  town. 

Henry  Curtis  was  born  in  Cook  county,  Illi- 
nois, October,  1844.  He  came  with  his  father  in 
1855  to  Brooklyn,  where  he  has  since  made  his 
home.  Enlisted  in  1.S62  in  Company  D.,  Sixth 
Minnesota.  Served  three  years  and  was  honor- 
orably  discharged  in  1865  at  Fort  Snelling.  Mar- 
ried in  1869  to  Susie  E.  Thayer.  They  have  two 
children. 

John  M.  DuruMin  was  Imru  in  New  Brunswick, 
April  11th,  l.s2(i.  In  l,s44  he  moved  to  Bangor, 
and  engaged  as  contractor  and  builder  for  about 
four  years.  From  there  he  went  to  Lewiston,  in 
the  same  business.  In  18.>2,  he  came  to  ^Minne- 
sota,  and  settled  in  St.  Anthony.  In  the  fall  of 
1852.  in  company  with  Mr.  (ieorge  T.  Yail.  he 
started  the  first  sash  anil  door  factory  in  St.  An- 
thony.    Followed  this  business  for  two  years.  In 


290 


HISTORY  OF  EUNNEPIN  COUNTY. 


the  fall  of  1854  he  moved  to  his  claim,  seven 
miles  above  Minneapolis:  rented  it  in  1867.  and 
veturned  to  Minneapolis.  He  built  a  residence 
there,  and  lived  in  it  for  four  years ;  then  went 
to  his  farm  for  a  short  time,  and  again  returned 
to  Minneapolis,  where  lie  Iniilt  another  house, 
and  lived  there  five  years.  Tlien.  in  1876,  he 
went  l>acli  to  the  farm  to  live.  He  has  been  Jus- 
tice of  the  Peace  and  Supervisor.  In  1853,  he 
was  married  to  Louisa  M.  Eeidhead.  She  has 
borne  him  five  cliildren  :  Maurice  M.,  George  A., 
Jessie.  A.  B.,  and  De  Witt  ('.  Jessie  and  De 
Witt  C.  died  in  infancy. 

W.  II.  Gaslin  was  born  in  Maine,  December 
8th,  1813.  He  lived  there  until  1853,  when  he 
moved  to  Ohio,  and  engaged  in  railroad  contract- 
ing. In  1854.  moved  to  Kentucky,  where  he  was 
largely  engaged  in  building  railroads.  In  1862 
lie  bought  horses  for  the  government.  He  came 
to  Minneapolis  in  1866,  engaged  in  business,  and 
continued  until  1875;  then  went  in  the  book 
trade,  tirm  of  Gaslin.  Wales  &  Co.,  and  remained 
until  January.  1878,  when  he  moved  to  his  pres- 
ent residence,  on  the  :Mississippi.  twelve  miles 
north  of  Minneapolis.  Married,  in  June.  1835,  to 
Harriet  Monk,  of  :Maine.  Tliey  have  adopted 
two  children  ;  only  one  is  now  living. 

W.  II.  Goodrich  was  born  in  Carroll  county, 
Kew  Hampshire.  November  21st,  1844.  When 
ten  years  of  age  he  came  to  Hennepin  county 
with  his  father,  who  took  a_  claim  in  Brooklyn, 
and  was  afterward  killed  by  a  falling  tree.  W. 
II.  bought  eighty  acres  in  Brooklyn,  in  1865.  He 
was  married  in  July,  1864,  to  Mary  A.  Gibbs. 
They  have  five  children  :  J.  Albert.  William  A., 
Eugene  II.,  Eva  L.  and  Milo  E. 

AV.  H.  Goodwin  was  born  in  New  Brunswick, 
June  4th,  1812.  He  moved  with  his  parents  to 
Calais.  J*Iaine,  where  he  lived  until  he  came  to 
Hennepin  county,  in  1851,  and  took  a  claim  in 
wliat  is  now  the  center  of  the  city  of  Minneapo- 
lis. He  lived  there  sixteen  years.  In  1867  he 
moved  to  his  present  location  at  Brooklyn  Centre. 
Married  to  Susan  II.  Fletcher.  .Vugust  16th,  1845, 
They  have  three  children  living :  .V.  J..  Harriet 
A.  and  Bertha  F. 

John  AV.  Goodale,  born  in  Liverpool,  July  24th, 
1803.  Came  to  America  when  seven  years  of  age. 
Lived  in  New  Brunswick  a  short  time;  then 
went  to  Maine.    Finally  settled  in  Brooklra.  in 


1853.  and  has  since  made  it  his  home,  with  the 
exception  of  tliree  years  spent  in  Crystal  Lake. 
Married  in  Penobscot  county,  Maine,  in  1831,  to 
Nancy  E.  Willis.  Nine  children  have  been  born 
to  them,  four  of  whom  are  now  living. 

M.  A.  Green,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  was 
born  July  22d,  1818.  When  twenty-one  years 
of  age,  he  moved  to  Belleville,  Illinois,  where  lie 
worked  at  saddlery  and  farming.  He  enlisted  in 
1846,  for  the  Mexican  war,  in  Company  G.  second 
Illinois,  served  one  year,  and  was  wounded  at 
the  battle  of  Buena  Vista.  In  1862  he  settled  in 
Brooklyn,  Minnesota,  where  he  has  since  lived. 
Married  in  November,  1847,  to  Margaret  Jared- 
Tliey  have  eight  children  living.  Alexander  N.^ 
Duff  I).,  Benjaman  E.,  Mary  E.,  Sarah  C,  Mar- 
garet O.,  William  II.  and  Frederick  A. 

C.  W.  Harrison,  born  in  Essex  county.  New- 
York,  in  1825.  He  remained  there  engaged  in 
farming  until  1871,  when  he  came  to  Minnesota, 
and  settled  in  Minneapolis,  being  part  of  the  time 
in  the  lumber  trade,  and  finally  moved  to  his 
farm  in  Brooklyn.  Married,  in  1852,  Rutli  A 
Stiekney.  They  have  two  children.  Abbie  A.  and 
Clifton  D.  Abbie  was  married  January  1877,  to 
William  Sloan  :  Clifton  married  Elva  Moscript  in 
1879. 

Asa  Howe,  born  in  Washington  county.  Maine, 
in  1819.  He  lived  there  until  1853,  when  he  came 
to  Hennepin  county,  and  bouglit  a  claim  of  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres,  near  what  is  now  known 
as  Brooklyn  Centre.  :Mr.  Howe  was  married 
in  1834. 

C.  E.  Ilow-e  was  born  in  Washington  county, 
Jilaine,  in  1848  ;  moved  with  his  parents  to  Hen- 
nepin county,  in  1853,  where  he  has  since  resided  ; 
was  appointed  postmaster  of  Brooklyn  Centre  in 
1873,  and  opened  a  stock  of  general  merchandi.se 
at  that  place  in  1875;  married  in  1871,  to  Clara 
M.  Butts.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  them. 
Sylvanus  Jenkins  was  born  in  A'ermont,  ^larch 
6th,  1818,  and  lived  there  twenty  years.  He  then 
moved  to  Washington  county,  Maine,  and  lived 
thirteen  years.  He  was  married  in  1840,  to  Eu- 
nice R.  Noyes.  Came  to  Hennepin  county  in 
1851.  and  his  family  followed  in  1852.  He  took 
a  claim  on  Jenkins  I'rairie  ;  sold  it  in  1865,  and 
moved  to  Dakota  county,  and  bought  1,000  acres ; 
sold  this  also,  and  now  lives  near  Farmington, 
Minnesota.    Thev  have  seven  children. 


BROOKL  YN— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


291 


N.  II.  Jenkins  was  born  in  Caledonia  county, 
Vermont,  in  1820.  He  lived  there  twenty-three 
years  ;  lived  in  Washington  county,  Maine,  eight 
years  ;  engaged  in  teaching  part  of  the  time.  In 
1851  he  came  to  St.  Anthony,  Minnesota,  and 
lived  about  two  years,  wlien  he  took  a  claim  on 
Jenkins  Prairie ;  he  lived  there  fourteen  years, 
then  sold  it,  and  moved  to  Minneapolis,  where  he 
lived  two  years.  In  1869  lie  moved  to  IJrooklyn. 
He  was  married  in  1850,  to  Emily  R.  Hanson. 
They  have  five  children  living. 

Oscar  A.  Kelly,  born  in  Adrian,  Michigan,  in 

1853.  Moved  with  his  parents  to  Hennepin 
county  in  1854.  His  father  who  took  a  claim  near 
Osseo,  was  born  in  Ireland,  moved  to  Cana- 
da in  1847  and  finally  settled  in  this  county  in 

1854.  Oscar  was  married  to  Jessie  M.  Meddey 
ill  March,  1879.     They  have  one  child. 

Jacol)  Longfellow,  one  of  the  oldest  settlers  of 
Brooklyn,  was  born  in  Washington  county,  Maine, 
October  fith,  1811.  He  resided  in  his  native  state 
engaged  in  lumbering  until  1850,  when  he  came 
to  St.  Anthony,  and  in  1853  moved  to  what  is 
now  Brooklyn,  and  entered  his  claim.  Mr.  Long- 
fellow states  that  in  early  days,  at  a  Fourth  of 
July  picnic  at  St.  Anthony,  the  whole  communi- 
ty was  present  and  the  total  number  was  less 
than  one  liundred.  He  was  married  in  1838,  at 
Machias,  Maine,  to  Jane  Getchell.  Their  cliild- 
ren  are  four  boys  and  four  girls,  all  living  in  the 
west.  Mrs.  Longfellow  died  in  the  spring  of 
1880.  Mr.  L.  is  a  hale  old  man,  and  in  the 
enjoyment  of  good  healtli. 

S.  W.  Merrill,  born  in  Carroll  county,  Xew 
Hampsliire,  August  17tli,  1843.  When  eighteen 
years  old  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Brooklyn, 
Minnesota.  His  father  died  here  in  1802,  and 
his  mother  in  June,  1871.  He  enlisted  August, 
1862,  in  Company  A,  Ninth  Minnesota  Infantry 
Volunteers.  Served  among  the  Indians  one  year, 
then  went  South,  being  gone  one  year  and  seven 
months.  He  was  taken  sick  at  Rolla,  Missouri, 
and  was  honorably  discharged  at  Jefferson  Bar- 
racks, March  31st,  1865,  when  he  returned  to 
his  farm  where  he  has  since  resided.  Married 
in  1865  to  Emma  Pomeroy.  They  have  three 
children  living:  Georgie  A.,  Albert  J.  and  Fred. 

Jacob  Myers,  born  in  Pennsylvania,  1808,  where 
he  lived  until  he  moved  to  Hennepin  county, 
Minnesota,  May,  1866.  and  settled  in  Brooklyn. 


Married  June  8th,  1836,  to  Susan  M'Cammon; 
had  seven  cliildren.  two  of  whom  died  in  service 
during  the  rebellion.  Peter  was  taken  prisoner 
at  Drury's  Bluff,  sent  to  Andersonville  and  died 
in  prison  June  23d.  1864.  John  was  killed  at 
the  battle  of  Hatcher's  Hun,  February  6th,  1865. 
Five  children  are  now  living. 

.J.  W.  Norris,  born  in  Lincoln  county,  Maine, 
April  20th,  1840.  Made  that  his  home  until 
1855,  then  followed  the  sea  until  1861,  and  came 
with  the  family  tlie  same  \ear  to  Hennepin 
county.  August,  1864,  enlisted  in  Company  F, 
Eleventh  Minnesota  Infantry,  and  served  until 
honorably  discharged  at  Fort  Snelling  in  1865, 
when  he  settled  on  the  farm  he  now  owns.  Mar- 
ried in  November,  1869,  to  Seleda  Longfellow. 
They  liave  four  cliildren:  James  A.,  Alice  R., 
Jacob  L.  and  JSIary  F. 

Robert  W.  Norris,  born  in  Ijincohi  county, 
Maine,  May  23,  1848.  He  lived  there  until  seven 
years  of  age.  His  father,  Captain  Joseph  Norris, 
being  a  sea  captain,  he  went  on  the  ocean  with 
him  for  six  years.  The  family  came  to  Henne- 
pin county  in  1861.  Robert,  married  Lizzie  Long- 
fellow. February  8th,  1855.  They  have  three 
children,  William  F.,  Daniel  W.  and  Robert  W. 

George  W.  Pomeroj-,  born  in  Penobscot  coun- 
ty, Maine,  in  1838.  He  lived  there  eighteen 
years,  and  moved  with  his  parents  to  Anoka 
county,  Minnesota,  stayed  there  four  years,  and 
located  in  Brooklyn  in  1862.  He  was  married 
the  same  year  to  ^lary  !M.  Talcot.  They  have 
one  child.  Mr.  Pomeroy  enlisted  in  Company  A. 
Ninth  Minnesota  Infantry,  in  1862 ;  was  taken 
prisoner  at  Guntovi^n,  Mississippi,  June  11th, 
1864,  and  was  confined  at  Andersonville  three 
montlis,  Savannah  and  CampLawtoii  three  months 
and  at  Florence  three  months;  was  sent  to  Parole 
Camp,  Saint  Louis,  received  a  furlough  for  thirty 
days,  and  was  honorably  discharged  in  1865  ; 
since  which  time  he  has  made  Brooklyn  his  home. 

Seth  P.  Prilible,  born  in  Kennebec  county, 
Maine,  June  13,  1832.  He  lived  there  fifteen 
years,  then  in  Essex  county  a  few  years,  and 
then  returned  to  his  parents'  home  for  two  years. 
In  185H  lie  located  in  Brooklyn,  Minnesota.  In 
1864  he  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Eleventh  Minne- 
sota Infantry,  and  served  until  lionorably  dis- 
charged at  Fort  Snelling.  in  1865.     Married  Mary 


292 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


A.   Smith,  in   l.SOl.    They  have  four  pliildiPii. 
Charles  A.,  Mary  E..  Evaline  E.  and  Eilith  E. 

George  AV.  Savage,  bcini  in  Lenawee  county, 
Micliigaii.  in  ls4t.  He  Hved  there  until  ISfil. 
when  he  enlisted  in  ('(iniiianv  F..  Eleventh  ;Mich- 
igan  Infantry,  and  served  three  years.  He  lost 
two  fnigers  at  the  battle  of  ^Mission  Bidge.  and 
was  wounded  in  the  left  thigh  by  a  mimiie  l)all 
at  Atlanta.  He  was  honorably  discharged  ■  at 
Chattanooga,  Tennessee,  November  24th.  1864. 
In  the  year  ISlio  he  came  to  ilinnesota,  and 
located  near  Osseo.  lie  has  married  twice,  and 
has  had  four  children.  Ills  present  wife  was 
Sarah  AVhitney,  whom  he  married  in  ISTfi. 

Christian  Schreiber.  born  in  Prussia.  ^larch  17, 
1834.  Came  to  America  in  18oi;,  and  settled  in 
Cook  county,  111.,  and  engaged  in  the  lime  trade. 
In  IS.iS  he  located  in  ^Meeker  coinity,  ilinnesota. 
took  a  claim,  but  abandoned  it  in  l.siid,  and  came 
to  Brooklyn,  where  he  now  has  24o  acres.  He 
has  been  Town  Supervisor  and  school  officer. 
Married  in  18fi2  to  Dora  Lent.  They  have  live 
children  living:  .Matilda.  Minnie.  Mary.  Emma 
and  Otto  C. 

George  Setzler.  a  native  of  (iermany.  was  born 
in  1832.  He  came  to  America  in  1847,  and  settled 
in  Huron  county,  Ohio,  and  worked  there  eleven 
years  at  the  cooper's  ti'ade.  In  1859  he  came  to 
Minnesota  and  settled  in  !Maple  Grove,  where  he 
lived  ten  years  ;  then  sold,  and  located  in  IJrook- 
IjTi  near  Osseo,  where  he  now  lives.  Married  in 
ISOr,,  Mary  Cahm.     They  have  eight  children. 

Robert  .1.  Smart,  born  in  Penobscot  county. 
Maine,  in  1840.  Enlisted  August  16,  1861,  in 
company  B,  Eighth  ilaine.  He  was  wounded  by 
a  rainnie  ball,  in  the  right  side.  May  2(»,  1864. 
which  kept  him  in  the  hospital  until  October, 
when  he  joined  his  company  at  Harrison,  "\'ir- 
ginia.  Was  honorably  discharged  June  27, 1865. 
Came  to  jMinnesota  in  1867,  and  located  .in  Min- 
neapolis, for  three  years,  then  bought  a  farm  in 
Brooklyn  where  he  has  since  resided.  :Married 
in  1867,  to  Ilattie  Carr. 

A.  J.  Smitli.  born  in  Lenawee  county.  Michi- 
gan, in  1844.  He  came  to  Hennepin  county  in 
1854.  and  now  lives  on  the  claim  taken  l)y  his 
father.  He  was  clerk  in  the  Paymaster's  Depart- 
ment in  the  summer  of  1864  ;  was  on  the  boat 
wlien  it  was  attacked  by  Guerrillas,  and  D.  C. 
Smith  was   killed  at  Fort  Randolph.     He  was 


elected  to  represent  liis  district  in  the  House  in 
1876,  and  re-elected  in  1S78.  He  married  in  1864  ; 
in  1867,  Mrs.  Smith  died,  leaving  two  children. 
In  1860  he  married  Georgia  I.  Russel.  They 
have  had  live  children,  four  are  now  living, 

George  II.  Smith  was  born  in  Albany,  New 
York,  in  1843,  and  moved  with  his  parents  to 
Lenawee  county,  Michigan,  where  he  lived  until 
eleven  years  of  age ;  he  then  came  to  Hennepin 
county,  his  father  taking  a  claim  in  Brooklyn. 
He  enlisted  in  1861,  in  Co.  D,  1st  Minn.,  and 
served  until  honorably  discharged  at  Falmouth, 
A'irginia,  in  1S63,  Married  the  .same  year,  to 
Frances  I.  Tliomas.  who  died  in  1876.  They 
have  three  children  living. 

Harris  X.  Smith  was  born  in  Piscataquis  coun- 
ty, Maine,  in  1830.  Here  he  lived  for  four  veal's, 
then  moved  with  hisjiarentsto  Penobscot  county, 
and  remained  there  until  he  went  to  St.  Anthony, 
in  1850.  In  1855  he  came  to  Brooklyn,  and  took 
a  claim,  upon  which  he  has  since  resided,  ilar- 
ried  in  1857,  to  Mary  J.  Flanders.  Tliey  have 
two  children  living. 

Edward  Spafford  was  born  in  Orleans  county, 
\'ermont,  in  1852,  and  lived  there  twentv-one 
years.  He  was  educated  at  the  Normal  School 
of  Randolph.  In  1874  he  moved  to  Rock  Island, 
Illinois,  where  he  taught  school  two  years.  Then 
came  to  Brooklyn.  Minnesota,  in  1876.  and  taught 
school  three  years.  In  1879  was  married  to  Belle 
Ryan,  of  this  town. 

"William  Stevens  was  born  in  Xova  Scotia,  in 
1820.  and  lived  there  until  twenty  years  of  age; 
then  resided  in  Aroostook  county.  Maine,  four 
years,  engaged  in  lumbering.  Came  to  Minne- 
sota in  1850,  and  went  into  lumbering  on  Rum 
River,  At  the  expiration  of  one  year  he  entered 
a  store  in  St,  Anthony,  where  he  remained  for 
three  years.  In  1854  he  began  trading  at  ^lille 
Lacs  Post,  where  he  remained  for  eleven  years, 
and  in  1865  settled  on  his  present  location  in 
Brooklyn.  Married,  ilay  20lh,  1865,  to  Ellen 
Smith.  They  have  had  five  children.  Those 
now  living  are:  AVilliam  W..  Robert,  Elthea, 
Clifton  and  Laura  G. 

A.  A.  Thayer  was  born  in  Lenawee  county. 
Michigan,  December  28th,  1848.  He  lived  there 
initil  he  came  to  Minnesota  with  his  parents,  in 
1854.  Enlisted  in  Company  C,  7th  Minnesota. 
February  11th.  1865.  and  served  until  the  close 


BROOKL  YN— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


293 


of  the  war.  Was  honorably  discharged  at  Foi't 
Snelhng,  August  16th,  I860.  Married  his  second 
wdfe,  Carrie  Hill,  in  1877.  They  have  one  child, 
Elsie  May.  Mr.  Thayer's  first  wife  bore  him  two 
children  :  AVilliani  and  David  L. 

J.  J.  Tschudy,  a  native  of  Switzerland,  \\as 
born  in  1832.  Came  to  America  in  1S61,  and  lo- 
cated in  Peoria  county.  Illinois.  Remained  there 
only  four  months  ;  then  came  to  Minnesota,  and 
settled  in  ]Maple  Grove.  In  1869  he  removed  to 
Brooklyn.  lie  is  now  treasurer  of  school  district 
No.  33.  Married  Mary  Hanser  for  his  sei'ond 
wife.  He  has  three  children  :  Jacob,  John  and 
Mary  ;  the  two  former  by  his  lirst  marriage. 

W.  W.  Wales  Jr.,  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
in  1828.  He  moved  with  his  parents  to  Wayne 
county,  Indiana,  and  when  nine  years  of  age,  re- 
moved to  Hancock  county,  thence  to  Henry 
county,  where  they  remained  seven  years ;  then 
returned  to  Hancock  county  and  remained  five 
years.  In  1853  he  came  to  Hennepin  county,  and 
took  a  claim  in  Brooklyn  township  and  has  since 
resided  here.  In  1861  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Sarah  E.  Gant.  Tliey  Iiave  two  children.  Flora 
Helen  and  Laura  Elviiia. 

C.  H.Ward  was  born  in  Merrimae  county,  'Sew 
Hampshire,  in  1833.  He  moved  to  Hennepin 
county  in  1854,  and  took  a  claim  in  Brooklyn;  he 
now  has  two  hundred  acres.  In  1875,  he  was 
elected  county  Commissioner,  took  his  seat  in 
1876,  and  has  held  Hie  office  for  five  years;  was 
also  Assessor  for  three  years.  Married  in  1855.  to 
Mrs.  M.  A.  Ward.    They  have  two  children. 

Thomas  Warwick,  a  native  of  Edinburgh,  Scot- 
land, was  born  December  26th,  1826.  Moved 
with  liis  parents  to  Nova  Scotia,  where  he  lived 
until  seventeen  years  of  age;  was  lumbering  in 
New  Brunswick  two  years,  and  in  l^enobseot  three 
years.  Went  to  St.  Anthony.  ^linnesota.in  1850. 
coming  to  St.  Paul  l>y  steamer  from  DmIhkiuc. 
Iowa.  On  arriving  at  St.  Paid,  chartered  a  lum- 
ber wagon  to  bring  himself  and  faniil>'  to  St.  An- 
thony. He  then  went  to  exploring  pine  lands, 
and  engaged  in  the  lumber  trade  for  seven  years  : 
was  one  season  on  Rum  river,  and  two  on  the  St. 
CroLx  and  Cliippewa;  he  now  lives  on  a  claim 
eight  miles  nortli  of  Minneapolis.  Married  Mary 
E.  Smith. 

George  Wethern  was  born  in  Somerset  ciuiuty, 
Maine,  in  1841,  and  Uved  there  seventeen  years  ; 


came  to  Minnesota  in  1858,  and  enlisted  August 
14,  1862,  in  Company  A,  Ninth  Minnesota  Infant- 
ry ;  served  until  October,  1863,  under  General 
Sililey  against  the  Indians,  then  went  south  ; 
came  liack  and  was  honorably  discharged  in  St. 
Paul,  July  1S65.  He  went  to  Pierce  coimty, 
Wisconsin,  for  one  year,  then  returned  to  Hen- 
nepin county.  In  March,  1867,  he  married 
Amanda  Wilson,  and  located  in  Pierce  county, 
Wisconsin,  in  1868  ;  but  returned  to  Minnesota 
in  1875  and  settled  in  Brooklyn,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  They  have  had  six  chiklren,  four 
are  now  living. 

Dr.  A.  D.  ^^'iUiams  was  Itorii  in  Bennington 
county,  "S^ermont,  in  1826.  He  moved  with  his 
mother  to  Eaton  county,  Michigan,  and  lived 
there  twelve  years.  Received  his  collegiate  and 
theological  education  at  Rochester  University. 
and  Theological  seminary  at  Rochester,  New 
York,  graduating  from  the  University  in  1855,  and 
the  Seminary  in  1857.  He  then  took  charge  of 
Smyrna,  Michigan,  Baptist  church,  and  was  next 
Pastor  of  Almont  Baptist  church  for  six  years. 
In  18ii()  he  came  to  Faribaidt,  Minnesota,  engag- 
ing in  home  missionary  work  witli  different 
chuches  until  1876  ;  then  came  to  Brooklyn  and 
was  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  here  and  in 
Maple  (irove  tor  two  years.  He  studied  medi- 
cine and  liegan  to  practice  IIoma>opathy  at 
Almont,  Michigan.  He  has  practiced  medicine  at 
lirooklyn  Centre  for  the  past  seven  years.  Dr. 
Williams  was  married  in  1857.  to  Helen  M.  Gas- 
kin,  of  New  York.  They  have  two  children  living. 

John  Williams  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  New- 
York,  in  1851.  and  lived  there  until  1862.  He 
came  to  Ilemiepin  county  in  1868.  and  settled  in 
Brooklyn,  wliere  he  has  since  resided.  In  1875 
he  married  Ida  M.  Thomas  of  tliis  county  ;  they 
have  three  children. 

Clii'istian  AVolter,  a  native  of  Germany,  was 
born  Septeml>er  22,  1836.  He  came  to  America, 
in  1863,  and  enlisted  the  same  year  in  company 
A,  Hatches'  Independent  Batallion  ^linnesota 
Volunteers,  and  served  against  the  Indians  near- 
ly three  years ;  was  honorably  discharged  at 
Fort  Snelling.  In  1866  he  came  to  Osseo,  where 
he  now  resides  ;  has  200  acres  of  land.  ]\Iarried 
in  1867  to  Francis  Zimmerman ;  they  have  five 
children:  Leopold.  Rosa.  Dora.  William  and 
Lillie. 


294 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


OSSEO. 


CHAPTER    XLA'I 

GENERAL  DESCIUPTION— EARLY  SETTLEMENT- 
CHURCHES  —  SOCIETIES  —SCHOOLS— HOTELS— 
BUSINESS  ENTERPRISES— BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Osseo  is  situated  in  the  iioitli-easteiii  part  of 
the  county,  its  territory  being  taken  from  the 
townships  of  Brooklyn  and  Maple  Grove.  It  oc- 
cupies a  part  of  the  level  prairie  known  as  "  Bot- 
tineau I'rarie."  so  called  from  Pierre  Bottineau, 
who,  in  July,  1852,  made  his  claim  here.  With 
him  came  Joseph  Potvin,  Peter  Kaiche  and  Peter 
(iarvais.  all  making  claims  near  Bottineau. 

The  village  of  Osseo  was  platted  in  1856,  by 
AVarren  Sampson  and  Isaac  Labosiniere.  Soon 
after,  another  village  was  laid  out  by  A.  B. 
Chaffee,  adjoining  Osseo  on  the  south-east,  called 
•'  City  of  Attraction."  This  is  now  included  in 
the  limits  of  Osseo. 

EARLY   SETTLEMENT. 

Osseo  was  settled  in  1S54.  by  'Warren  Sampson, 
Isaac  Labosiniere.Clark  Ellsworth,  Seneca  Brown, 
James  McRay  and  D.  B.  Thayer.  Sampson  built, 
and  opened  a  store,  and  was  post  master  of  the 
office,  tiien  called  Palestine.  During  18.55-6,  the 
surrounding  country  was  occupied  by  settlers, 
among  whom  were  A.  B.  Chaffee,  D.  C.  Smith 
and  others.  After  the  village  was  laid  out,  in 
1856,  the  settlement  was  rapid.  A  wood  market 
was  established  by  Sampson  in  1855,  which  has 
been  kept  up  since.  The  merchants  buy  green 
wood,  and  sell  to  parties  in  the  city  of  Minne- 
apolis, after  holding  it  one  season.  There  are  now 
a  number  engaged  in  the  wood  business,  handling 
an  aggregate  of  one  hundred  cords  per  day  during 
the  wood  season.  The  lirst  blacksmith  shop  was 
established  in  1855,  by  Clark  Ellsworth  ;  Eli  Hav- 
iland  became  his  partner  two  years  later.  The 
latter  still  conducts  the  business.  Rudolph  hig- 
gler kept  the  first  hotel  in  the  village.    Previous 


to  this,  Chaffee  and  McBay   -'kept  travelers."' 
McBay  established  the  second  store  in  the  place. 

ST.    LOUIS   CATHOLIC   CHURCH. 

This  society  was  organized  in  1853,  in  charge 
of  Father  Hirth,  who  remained  seven  or  eight 
years.  He  was  succeeded  by  Father  Genis,  who 
officiated  here  and  at  Dayton  for  about  Ave  years. 
Father  Nicholas  next  had  charge,  remaining 
three  years.  He  was  followed  by  Father  Maurer 
who  had  charge  four  years,  then  Father  Lechiier 
officiated  one  year.  Father  ilaesfranx,  one  and 
one-half  years.  He  was  succeeded  by  Father 
Ladriere,  the  present  incumbent.  In  1865,  the 
society  built  a  frame  church,  35x54  feet,  situated 
in  the  northern  part  of  the  village  on  the  main 
street.  The  piiesfs  residence,  adjoining  the 
church,  was  built  in  1869.  In  1880,  additions 
were  made  to  the  church,  giving  a  sanctuary 
16x20  feet,  and  in  the  rear  of  that,  a  sacristy 
16x28.  The  society  now  numbers  one  hundred 
families.  They  have  a  cemetery  of  one  acre  lo- 
cated in  the  township  of  Brooklyn  and  adjoining 
Osseo. 

LUTHERAN    CHCRCII. 

This  society  was  organized  in  1S65,  the 
first  minister  being  the  Rev.  Mr.  Jahn, 
who  remained  two  years.  He  \\as  follo\\ed 
by  Rev.  Mr.  Rehkopf,  who  remained  in 
charge  until  his  dfath,  which  occurred  in  1871. 
A  young  man  from  Germany  next  took  the  pas- 
torate, but  remained  only  one  year.  Since  then 
the  society  has  been  without  a  regular  pastor, 
but  has  preaching  every  third  Sunday,  the  pul- 
pit being  supplied  from  Minneapolis.  The  soci- 
ety numbers  about  twelve  families.  They  have 
a  cemetery  of  one  acre  in  the  southern  part  of 
the  village. 

SOCIETIES. 

In  early  days  a  small  society  of  spiritualists 
existed.  They  built  a  hall,  and  for  a  time  held 
regular  meetings.    They  were  superceded  by  the 


OSSJEO— SCHOOLS—HOTELS 


295 


"  Osseo.  Society  of  Liberalists,"  who  now  own  the 
hall  known  as  Liberty  Hall. 

Osseo  Liedeikranz,  a  musical  and  religious  so- 
ciety, was  organized  in  1867,  and  continued  until 
1879,  when  they  were  succeeded  by  the  Osseo 
Turnverein  Society.  The '  tirst  society  built  a 
hall,  which  is  now  used  by  their  successors.  They 
number  about  twelve  members,  and  meet  one 
evening  in  each  week ;  also  keep  up  a  Sunday- 
school  for  their  children. 

Osseo  Dramatic  Club.  Tliis  society  has  been 
in  existence  about  three  years.  They  have  a  good 
library  in  connection,  purchased  with  proceeds  of 
dramatic  entertainments.  The  Good  Templars 
also  contributed  to  tlie  piachase  of  books.  The 
officers  of  the  club  are :  President,  Eugene  Smith  ; 
Treasurer,  Miss  Susie  E.  Curtis ;  Secretary,  Delia 
M.  Johnson. 

Good  Templars.  An  organization  was  formed 
about  1867,  under  the  title,  Rose  of  Sharon 
Lodge,  and  at  one  time  numbered  15<(  members. 
During  the  first  winter  the  attendance  averaged 
one  hmidred.  Tliis  lodge  continued  four  or  five 
■years,  and  was  re-organized,  after  a  lapse  of 
eighteen  months,  as  the  Osseo  Union  Lodge. 
This  society  continued  until  isso,  when  they  dis- 
banded. 

Society  of  Free  Thinkers  was  organized  about 
1866,  and  numbers  about  a  dozen  members.  They 
meet  tour  times  a  year. 

Winslow  Lodge  No.  125,  A.  F.  and  A.  M., 
was  organized  in  187.3,  with  Stiles  Gray,  W.  M.; 
G.  W.  Savage,  S.  W.  and  Clark  Ellsworth,  J.  W. 
The  lodge  has  a  membership  of  forty-three,  and 
holds  meetings  in  Liberty  Hall,  over  Eli  llavi- 
land's  blacksmith  shop.  The  charter  was  granted 
by  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  state,  January  loth. 
1877.  The  present  officers  are  :  A.  D.  Fogerson, 
W.  M.;  John  Williams  and  William  Krueger, 
Wardens,  and  11.  C.  Black,  Secretary.  The  so- 
ciety is  in  a  sound  financial  condition,  having  a 
surplus  of  over  S4U0  in  the  treasury. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  was  held  in  the  summer  of 
18-56,  in  the  hall  erected  by  the  Society  of  Spirit- 
ualists, and  taught  by  Miss  Sylvia  Kowe.  About 
two  years  later,  the  Spiritualists  disbanded,  and 
sold  the  hall  to  the  school  district,  whicli  then 
embraced  a  large  section  each  side  of  the  village. 


The  hall  was  used  for  school  purposes  about  six 
years,  moved  twice,  then  destroyed  by  Are.  Af- 
ter this,  another  hall,  Sampson's,  was  used  for  six 
years,  and  then  the  present  building  was  erected. 
It  is  thirty  feet  square,  with  posts  eighteen  feet 
high.  A  graded  school  has  been  maintained  for 
the  past  two  years,  though  two  teachers  had  been 
employed  for  twelve  years  previous.  The  school 
numbers  about  one  hundred  pupils. 

HOTELS. 

In  1867,  Rudolph  Jv'iggler.  who  had  previously 
kept  a  small  house  for  boarders  and  transient 
guests,  erected  a  hotel  at  a  cost  of  nearly  $4,000. 
It  was  not  a  good  investment,  as  there  was  not 
business  enough  to  sustain  it.  This  house  was 
burned  in  1870. 

The  International  Hotel  was  built  by  Fritz 
Schmidt  in  1874.  It  is  two-stories  in  height  and 
has  rooms  for  thirty  guests.  It  has  been  con- 
ducted by  Mr.  Schmidt  since  its  opening. 

The  Temperance  House  is  kept  by  Z.  Labrasch. 

BUSINESS  ENTEUPKISES. 

Merchants.  John  Hechtman  keeps  a  large  stock 
of  General  Merchandise,  and  deals  largely  in  wood. 
Business  established  in  1865.  Emil  Lefebvre, 
Drugs  and  General  Merchandise,  established  in 
1873.  Mr.  Lefebvre  is  also  postmaster.  Z.  La- 
Ijrasch,  Groceries  and  Notions.  Wagon  Maker's, 
Black  and  Brown,  Nelson  llougier.  Black-smiths, 
O.  Leferrier,  Eli  Haviland,  Leferrier  and  Charest. 
Boots  and  Shoes,  William  Krueger.  Joseph 
AVoodly.  Carpenters,  William  Uodeck,  Thomas 
Flitsch.  Harness  Maker,  Samuel  Pavitt.  Phy- 
sician, N.  J.  Pinault.  Dress  Makers,  Maggie 
Rougier,  Frances  Tliayer. 

Osseo  remained  under  tlie  township  govern- 
ments of  Brooklyn  and  Maple  Grove,  rmtil  the 
spring  of  187-3,  when  it  was  incorporated  by  act 
of  Legislature.  A  President,  three  Councilmen, 
a  Recorder  and  a  Treasurer,  constitute  its  officers. 

The  act  of  incorporation  specified  the  following 
boundaries :  beginning  at  the  north-west  corner 
of  section  18,  township  119,  range  21,  and  run- 
ning east  on  north  line  of  said  section  120  rods, 
thence  south  200  rods,  thence  west  4o  rods,  thence 
south  80  rods,  thence  west  120  rods,  thence'north 
280  rods,  thence  east  to  the  place  of  beginning. 
The  iiilial)itants  within  said  limits  to  constitute  a 
body  corporate  under  the  name  of  "  The  Com- 


20(1 


HISTOEY  OF  HENNEPiy  COVSTY. 


mon  Council  of  Osseo."  and  to  constitute  one 
election  district  for  the  purpose  of  general  and 
special  elections  under  the  general  election  laws 
of  the  State.  The  election  of  village  officers  was 
set  for  the  third  Tuesday  in  March  each  year.  The 
first  election  was  held  at  the  office  of  John  Ileeht- 
man. 

March  8d,  ISTO.  the  following  otticers  were 
elected :  President.  John  Ilechtman  ;  Coiuicil, 
D.  II.  Shepherd.  AVilliam  Krueger.  Louis  Berth- 
aunie ;  Treasurer,  E.  Lefebvre  :  Recorder,  AVil- 
liani  Ewing;  Marehall.  H.  Blaine  :  Justice.  Louis 
Berthaume  :  Assessor.  A.  G.  Ray.  The  election 
in  1S80  resulted  as  follows :  President.  J.  Sau- 
cier: Council.  J.  T.  Pribble.  Chris.  Shappach, 
Isaac  Lobosiniere ;  Treasurer.  John  Ilechtman  : 
Recorder.  William  Krueger;  Assessor.  "\V.  S. 
Johnson :  Justice.  II.  C.  Blake :  Marshall.  E.  H. 
Chandler.  E.  11.  Ilaviland  was  appointed  Marshall 
November  6th,  1S80.  to  fill  vacancy  caused  by 
removal  from  town,  of  Chandler.  There  are  14.5 
acres  of  land  within  the  corporate  limits,  not 
platted.  The  assessed  valuation  of  all  lands 
and  village  lots  with  structures  thereon  for  1880, 
was  $23,563.  Assessed  valuation  of  personal 
property,  S7.S13.  Amount  of  taxes.  S323.  Pop- 
ulation. 20ti. 

BIOGRAPUICAL. 

II.  C.  Black,  born  in  Xew  Hanover  county. 
Xorth  Carolina,  in  1845.  He  learned  the  trade 
of  wagon  making.  In  1S75  he  came  to  Hen- 
nepin county,  settled  in  Osseo,  and  estab- 
lished a  wagon  shop,  taking  E.  II.  Chandler  as 
partner:  this  partnership  was  dissolved  in  1879, 
and  Mr.  Black  prosecuted  the  business  alone  until 
1880,  when  he  took  two  partners.  In  1868  he 
was  married  to  Julia  Hancock.  They  liave  live 
children  now  living. 

Seneca  Brown.  l)oru  in  Kiitlaud  county.  Ver- 
mont, in  1826.  Moved  to  Niagara  county,  and 
lived  eighteen,  years,  then  to  Lenawee,  Michi- 
gan, where  he  learned  the  wagon  and  carpenter's 
trade.  He  came  to  Hennepin  county,  and  set- 
tled in  Maple  Grove.  Established  his  wagon 
sliop  in  Osseo.  in  1876.  In  iSo-l  he  married  Eliz- 
abeth "Willetts.    They  have  four  living  children. 

Eli  Haviland  was  born  in  Lenawee  county, 
Michigan  in  1836.  He  came  to  Hennepin  county 
in  1857,  settled  near  Osseo  and  started  black- 
smithing  bere  in  1859.    He  enlisted  in  1862  in 


Company  F,  Minnesota  Mounted  Rangers;  served 
nine  months  and  was  honorably  discharged  at 
Fort  Snelling.  He  sold  his  interest  in  the  shop 
and  began  farming,  followed  it  a  short  time,  and 
then  was  engaged  in  mercantile  business  for  one 
year  in  Osseo;  he  afterward  went  back  to  his  old 
trade  in  ChampUn  for  three  years,  and  finally 
located  at  Osseo  in  1879.  He  was  married  in 
1855  to  Lavina  Lee.  They  luive  two  children 
living. 

Chancy  Haviland  was  born  in  Lenawee  county, 
Michigan  in  ls4o.  When  the  war  broke  out  he 
enlisted  in  Company  A.  Fourth  Michigan  Cavalry. 
Was  under  Grant  and  Sherman,  and  was  with  the 
latter  in  his  march  to  the  sea.  He  was  honora- 
bly discharged  at  Nashville.  Tennessee,  in  1864, 
and  re-enlist€d  in  the  Third  Michigan  Light  Ar- 
tillery, Battery  C,  and  served  till  the  close  of  the 
war.  He  was  in  Washington  at  the  Grand  Re- 
view, and  was  honorably  discharged  at  Detroit. 
Michigan.  He  went  to  Indianapolis,  Indiana, 
learned  the  profession  of  railroad  engineer  and  fol- 
lowed it  for  eight  years.  Came  to  Minnesota 
and  settled  in  Cliamplin,  where  he  worked  as  en- 
gineer; also  in  Anoka  in  the  same  business,  and 
finally  settled  in  Osseo.  In  1861  he  married 
Martha  Powers.  They  have  one  child  living: 
Etta. 

John  Ilechtman.  a  native  of  Germany,  was 
born  in  1828.  and  came  to  America  in  1832.  He 
settled  in  Erie.  Pennsylvania,  and  lived  there 
until  1849.  when  be  went  to  California  for  two 
years ;  returned  to  Erie,  and  in  1857  came  to 
Minneapolis.  When  the  war  broke  out  he  was 
in  Pemisylvania  looking  after  his  oil  interests  ; 
he  enlisted  with  tlie  three  months"  men.  after- 
wards with  the  three  yeare  men  in  the  Eighty- 
third  Pennsylvania  regiment ;  \\"as  wounded  at 
the  battle  of  the  Wilderness  in  1864.  and 
honorably  discharged  at  Ilarrisburgh.  September 
1864.  He  established  the  present  general  store 
at  Osseo  in  1865.  ilarried  his  second  Avife. 
Augusta  Schmidt  in  1869.  by  whom  he  has  had 
five  children.  Two  sons  were  born  to  him  by  his 
fli-st  wife  :  both  are  now  in  Colorado. 

Rev.  A.  Ladriere  was  born  at  Levis,  near  Que- 
bec, in  1826.  and  was  educated  at  Quebec  Semi- 
nary. He  was  assistant  at  St.  Thomas  Parish 
one  year,  also  at  Levis  one  year,  then  three  years 
at  St.  Roch.  and  was  pastor  at  St.  Fabian  fifteen 


088EO—BIOGBAPHICAL. 


297 


years  ;  then  at  Isle  Yerte  five  years ;  He  came  to 
Osseo  in  1876,  and  took  charge  of  the  St.  Louis 
church  at  tliis  place. 

E.  Lefebvre,  born  in  tlie  province  of  Quebec, 
in  1845,  and  lived  tliere  twelve  years ;  then 
moved  to  Clinton  county,  New  York,  and  learned 
the  slioe  trade,  which  business  engaged  most  of 
his  time  until  he  came  to  Osseo,  in  I860.  In  1873, 
he  established  his  present  stock  of  general  mer- 
chandise, having  clerked  here  for  eight  years, 
previous  to  that  time.  lie  was  married  in  1869 
to  Celina  Normandin.   They  have  three  children. 

S.  N.  Pavitt  was  born  in  London,  England,  in 
1830,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  America  in 
1832.  He  went  to  the  province  of  Quebec,  and 
remained  there  nntil  1846,  when  he  moved  to 
New  York  city,  and  learned  tlie  harness  trade. 
He  came  to  Minnesota  in  1855;  located  in  the 
harness  trade  at  Minneapolis.  In  1862  he  enlist- 
ed in  Co.  B,  6th  Minn,  ^'ols.,  and  served  nearly 
three  years,  lieing  Iionorably  discharged  at  Fort 
Snellingin  1865.  October.  1867,  lie  came  to  Osseo, 
and  started  his  harness  sliop.  lie  lias  since  re- 
sided here.  Married  in  1857.  to  Adeline  Buck. 
They  liave  three  cliildren  now  living. 

N.  J.  Pinault,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  tlie  province 
of  Quebec,  in  1848,  where  lie  lived  until  1877. 
Received  his  collegiate  education  at  Himouski 
and  St.  Anne ;  graduated  an  M.  D.  at  the  Uni- 
versity Laval,  Cjuebec,  receiving  the  first  prizes 
from  the  faculty,  jirize  Seivell  and  prize  Morrin, 
of  1874.  His  diploma  from  the  University  Laval 
is  also  from  the  Iloyal  College  of  Surgeons,  of 
London.  After  his  studies,  he  made  an  extensive 
tour  in  Europe,  and  while  there  liad  great  opiwr- 
tunities  to  perfect  liis  education.  lie  first  prac- 
ticed medicine  at  Rimouski.  In  1^77  lie  came  to 
Osseo,  and  has  since  followed  his  profession  liere. 

J.  T.  Fribble,  a  native  of  Maine,  was  born  in 
1830 ;  moved  to  Hennepin  county,  in  1855,  and  set- 
tled in  Brooklyn.  He  was  educated  at  Bowdoin 
College.  Brunswick,  Maine.  In  1861  he  was 
elected  County  Superintendent  of  Schools,  and 
held  the  offlce  six  years.  He  has  been  principal 
of  Osseo  graded  school  for  eight  years.  In  1854 
he  married  Elmira  E.  Xorris,  of  Maine.  Five 
children  have  been  born  to  them. 

Nelson  Rougier  was  born  in  Munueal.  in  islo. 
At  the  age  of  three  years  he  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Kankakee,  Illinois ;   thence  to  Belle 


Prairie,  Minnesota,  in  1856.  Ten  years  later  he 
came  to  Osseo,  and  started  a  wagon  shop.  He 
was  married,  in  1833,  to  Rosa  Begnoche,  of  Can- 
ada.    They  have  five  children  living. 

Fritz  Schmidt  was  boni  in  Germany,  in  1851. 
Came  to  America  in  1867,  and  settled  at  Osseo, 
Hennepin  county,  ^linnesota.  He  built  the  In- 
ternational Hotel,  in  1874.  It  is  two  stories  high, 
with  a  capacity  for  thirty  guests.  He  owns  and 
conducts  it.    He  married,  in  1875,  Sophia  Oswald. 

De  Witt  Clinton  Smith  (deceased),  born  in  Or- 
leans county,  New  York,  in  1825.  He  hved  there 
about  twenty  years  ;  then  went  to  Adrian,  Mich- 
igan. He  was  married,  at  Addison,  ^Michigan,  to 
Melissa  R.  Shepard,  in  1874.  In  1857  he  came 
to  Hennepin  county,  and  bouglit  a  farm  near 
Osseo.  He  enlisted,  in  1861,  in  Company  D, 
1st.  Minnesota,  and  was  appoiijed  second 
Lieutenant.  After  the  first  Bull  Run  battle  he 
was  promoted  Captain  of  the  company.  He  was 
severely  wounded  at  the  liatlle  of  Antietam. 
^Irs.  Smith,  after  many  lieroic  efforts,  f(_mnd  him 
at  Hagerstown,  Maryland,  and  succeeded  in  bring- 
ing liim  to  Ilarrisburg.  Pennsylvania.  After 
resting  a  few  weeks  they  came  home,  and  he  was 
honorably  discharged  shortly  after.  He  was  ap- 
pointed State  Librarian  Ijy  Governor  ililler.  and 
while  Librarian  was  appointed  Major  of  the  Pay 
Department.  He  was  finally  killed  at  Fort  Ran- 
dolph, the  boat  being  decoyed  into  that  point  by 
a  party  of  guerillas,  who  shot  and  killed  him.  One 
child  was  liorii.  Eugene  A.,  living  near  ]3enson. 

David  B.  Thayer  (deceased  1  was  born  in  Seneca 
county,  New  York,  in  1822.  In  1847  he  moved 
to  Lenawee  county,  Michigan,  and  married  Cath- 
erine Warren.  He  came  to  Ileiniepiu  county  in 
1854,  and  settled  near  Osseo.  on  a  claim  of  160 
acres,  which  is  still  owned  by  Mrs.  Thayer.  Mr. 
Thayer  died  at  Osseo,  August  31,  1873.  Four 
cliildren  were  l)orn  to  them.  A.  A.  Tha\er. 
tlieir  son.  enlisted  in  1863,  in  7th  Minn.,  as  drum- 
mer boy,  when  16  years  old;  being  taken  sick  at 
Montgomery.  Alabama,  he  returned  home,  and 
was  honorably  discharged. 

E.  Wellman  was  born  in  Dayton,  Ileiiiiepin 
county,  Minnesota,  in  1855.  lie  learned  the 
lilacksmith  trade  with  Eli  IlaN'ilaiid  at  Osseo. 
On  November  3d,  1878,  be  was  married  to  Delora 
Ilaviland,  who  was  born  in  Maple  (irove.  Min- 
nesota.    Tliev  have  one  child:  Lorissa. 


298 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


CHA.NEPLIN. 


CHAPTER  XLVII. 

GENKRALDESCKIFTION— SETTLEMENT— INDIAN 
MOUNDS— EARLY  INCIDENTS— ORGANIZATION 
—  SCHOOLS—  CHURCnES— SOCIETIES — MILL  — 
BIOGRAPHICAL. 

This  township  is  located  in  the  iioitli-eastern 
part  of  tlie  couiitv,  on  the  Mississippi  river,  whieli 
forms  its  nortliern  and  eastern  boundary.  Its 
surface  is  varied.  Along  the  ri\er  are  heavily- 
timbered  bottom-lands,  back  of  wliich  are  high 
bluffs.  The  western  portion  of  the  town  is  cov- 
ered with  a  growth  of  light  timber.  The  central 
and  southern  portions  are  level  praii-ies.  The  soil 
is  in  all  parts  good  and  productive.  This  town- 
ship. \ndike  many  others  in  the  county,  has  no 
large  lakes.  There  are  two  small  bodies  of  water 
known  as  Leman"s  Lake  and  Bond  Lake,  the  for- 
mer on  section  25  and  the  latter  on  section  36. 
IIayden"s  Lake,  which  is  located  mainly  in  the 
town  of  Dayton,  projects  a  short  distance  iiito 
Champlin  on  the  west.  Elm  Creek  flows  from 
nayden"s  Lake  across  the  northern  part  of  the 
town,  and  empties  into  the  Mississipiti.  just  below 
the  village.  This  creek  furnishes  an  excellent 
water-power,  whicli  is  utilized. 

FIRST   SETTLEMENT. 

The  history  of  Champlin  dates  from  1852,  when 
Cliarles  Miles  located  near  the  junction  of  Elm 
Creek  and  the  river,  and  opened  a  trading  post 
for  Indians.  lie  was  the  first  white  settler  in 
the  township.  The  following  spring.  Joseph  and 
Augustus  Holt  arrived,  and  made  claims  where 
the  village  is  now  located.  During  the  summer 
of  1853,  Augustus  Holt  erected  a  frame  house, 
the  first  in  the  village.  In  the  summer  of  1853, 
John  Pike,  Benjamin  E.  Messer,  and  a  Mr.  Ste- 
vens, built  houses  near  the  river  aliove  the  village. 
In  June  of  that  year,  Rev.  Lewis  Atkinson  loca- 
ted on  section  33.     He  came  with  teams  from 


Illinois.  The  same  year,  R.  H.  Miller,  F.  Thorn- 
dyke  and  John  Shumway,  made  claims  west  of 
the  village  ;  Colby  Emery  settled  on  section  30. 
William  Milhollin  made  a  claim  on  section  33. 
March  2d.  1854.  He  came  with  his  family  from 
Ohio  to  St.  Anthony,  in  July,  1853,  and  after  re- 
maining in  St.  Anthony  until  the  following 
March,  located  in  Champlin.  In  1854.  iiuite  a 
number  settled  in  the  town,  among  them  Rev.  W. 
Hay  den  and  Samuel  Colburn,  both  of  whom  still 
reside  on  their  original  claims.  In  1855,  Joseph 
McCann  built  just  above  Miles,  and  during  the 
succeeding  two  years,  several  others  located  near. 
From  this  time  the  settlement  went  on  rapidly. 
Prominent  among  the  early  settlers  here,  was 
John  G.  Howell,  who  came  in  1854.  IIis_  claim 
was  in  Brooklyn,  but  his  home  in  Champlin.  He 
was  a  young  man,  a  general  favorite,  and  a  leader 
in  social  gatherings  and  church  'meetings.  He 
left  in  1856.  and  after  considerable  travel,  located 
in  California,  where  lie  has  held  several  promi- 
nent positions. 

The  "Winnebago  Indians  roamed  over  Cliamp- 
lin.  at  the  time  of  its  first  settlement.  Their 
village  was  located  near  Dayton.  They  were 
peaceable,  and  did  not  molest  the  settlers,  except 
to  beg.  On  one  occasion,  during  a  ••  big  dnuik."" 
they  stole  a  canoe  from  William  Milhollin.  but  it 
was  promptly'  returned  by  the  women.  The  first 
settlers  in  Champlin  had  to  buy  their  supplies  in 
St.  Anthony,  and  in  order  to  reach  that  place, 
would  often  fasten  two  or  three  Jogs  together, 
forming  a  raft,  on  which  they  would  float  down 
the  river.  This  did  very  well,  going  down, 
but  the  return  trip  was  more  difficult,  as  it  had 
to  be  made  on  foot,  following  Indian  trails.  This 
township  was  surveyed  in  1855. 

INDIAN  MOUND  AND  GRAVE. 

>'ear  the  mouth  of  Elm  Creek  was  at  one  time 
a  mound,  called  the  "  Indian  Mound."  on  which 


CHAMPLIN-INCIDENTS—OBQANIZATION. 


299 


was  planted  a  red  staff,  from  which  lloated  a  red 
flag  of  small  size.  The  mound  lias  nearly  disap- 
peared, owing  to  excavations  made  in  search  of 
relics.  In  the  village  near  the  hotel  was  a  grave, 
surrounded  by  a  rude  fence  of  logs.  This  was 
supposed  to  be  tlie  grave  of  a  chief,  as  it  was  or- 
namented by  a  red  staff,  on  the  top  of  which  was 
a  red  flag,  or  rag. 

EARLY  INCIDENTS. 

A  ferry  across  the  Mississippi,  v\as  put  in  op- 
eration by  Joseph  Holt,  in  1855.  MeCann's  lo- 
cating near  the  mouth  of  Elm  Creek,  led  to  a 
dispute  between  him  and  Miles,  in  regard  to  the 
ownership  of  the  water-power. 

The  contest  was  carried  to  the  Land  Oftice  at 
Washington,  for  final  decision,  and  resulted  in 
Miles  holding  the  claim.  Both  men  were  nearly 
ruined  by  the  contest,  and  soon  after,  ^McCann 
moved  to  Anoka,  where  he  still  resides,  and 
Miles  to  Minneapolis,  where  he  died  in  1878. 
The  first  birth  in  the  townsliip  was  in  1854,  a 
child  of  Mr.  and  JMrs.  Stevens;  the  second  birth 
was  a  daughter  to  J.  B.  Holt  and  wife,  November, 
1854. 

The  first  death  was  that  of  a  young  man— a 
new-comer  named  Charles  Teag,  in  1856.  lie 
was  buried  in  a  field  on  Mr.  Miller's  land.  The 
first  marriage  was  in  1857,  the  contracting  parties 
being  Cyrus  Rollin  and  Miss  Clark. 

TOWNSHIP   ORGANIZATION. 

In  1858,  the  County  Commissioners  set  apart 
the  territory  embraced  in  township  12U,  range  :22, 
and  the  fractional  township  120,  range  21 ,  as  Mar- 
shall. A  meeting  was  held  at  Champlin  village; 
May  11th,  1858,  and  ofiicers  chosen  for  the  town. 
At  this  meeting  the  question  of  a  division  of 
Marshall,  into  Dayton  and  Champlin  arose,  and 
finally  resulted  in  designating  tlie  following 
boundaries  ;  CluuupUn,  all  of  fractional  townsliip 
120,  range  21.  ami  the  eastern  tier  of  sections  of 
ttiwnship  120.  range  22.  Dayton,  all  of  township 
120,  range  22,  excepting  the  eastern  tier  of  sec- 
tions. The  first  Town  Meeting  for  Champlin 
was  held  April  5tli,  1859.  At  this  meeting, 
"Weutworth  Ilayden  presided  as  Moderator,  and 
J.  B.  Hunt  acted  as  Clerk,  pro  tern.  The  follow- 
ing ofiicers  were  elected.  Supervisors.  "Weut- 
worth Hayden,  Chairman,  Samuel  Briggs  and  S. 
D.  Leman;  Town  Clerk,  J.  B.  Holt;  Assessor,  J.  ' 


A.  Linscott;  Collector,  Job  Kenneston;  Overseer 
of  Poor,  J.  D.  Hank;  Justices,  S.  Colburn,  Alvah 
Hills;  Constables,  Joseph  Downs,  George  Hills. 
Ofiicers  in  1880;  Supemsors,  Harry  Ghostly, 
Chairman,  J.  B.  Hinkley  and  John  Stewart;  Town 
Clerk,  S.  Colburn;  Assessor,  J.  B.  Hinkley; 
Treasurer,  O.  S.  Miller;  Justices,  Samuel  Colburn 
and  J.  B.  Hinkley;  Constables,  Geo.  A.  Hills  and 
William  Dowlin. 

The  Township  contains  5,310  acres  of  land, 
the  assessed  valuation  of  which,  was  in  1880, 
S77,59(j.  The  valuation  of  personal  property  was 
§14,348.  Total  amount  of  taxes  for  1880,  §1,252. 
Tlie  population  of  the  town  is  456. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  in  the  town  of  Champlin,  was 
held  in  an  old  shanty  above  tlie  village,  in  1855. 
Miss  Emily  Thorndyke  (now  Mrs.  Lum  of  Min- 
neapolis) was  teacher.  A  school  house  was  built 
in  1860,  the  first  teacher  being  Chandler  B. 
Adams.  There  are  now  three  schools  sustained 
in  the  town.  A  graded  school  in  the  village, 
school  district  number  35,  house  located  on'section 
30,  and  district  number  99,  joint  district  with 
Brooklyn,  school  house  located  on  section  34, 
Champlin.  All  the  school  houses  are  good  build- 
ings. 

rnrRciiEs. 
The  Free-Will  Baptist  church  was  organized 
in  1854,  as  a  brancli  of  tlie  Miiiiieapolis  church, 
by  Rev.  C.  G.  Ames.  It  was  supplied  by  Eev. 
W.  Ilayden  and  others,  until  the  following  year. 
The  first  members  of  the  brancli  organization 
were,  Betsy  Shumway,  W.  W.  Cate,  Sarah  C. 
Cate,  W.  W.  Woodman  and  wife.  The  first 
meetings  were  lield  in  a  school-house,  and  on  an 
unfinished  steamboat,  which  lay  on  the  river  bank 
at  this  point.  In  1855  the  church  was  organized 
iiidepeiidently,  and  named  Elm  Creek  cliurch. 
under  wliich  name  it  continued  until  1858,  when 
it  was  changed  to  Anoka  and  Champlin  churcli. 
its  present  name.  They  have  a  frame  building, 
erected  in  1871  at  a  cost  of  .'51.650.  It  is  located 
in  the  village  of  Champlin,  on  an  eminence  over- 
looking the  river.  Tlie  first  regular  pastor  was 
W.  Hayden,  who  officiated  until  1863,  when 
owing  to  ill-health  lie  was  compelled  to  resign, 
and  the  church  was  without  a  pastor  for  two 
years,  though  occasional  services  were  held.    In 


30(1 


HISTOBY  OF  HUXNEPiy  COUNTY. 


18fio  Rev.  S.  S.  Paine  took  the  charge,  and 
remained  until  1870.  when  he  was  succeeded  by 
Kev.  C.  L.  Russell,  the  present  pastor.  There 
has  been  a  Sabbath-school  in  connection  with  the 
cliurch  since  its  organization,  and  it  is  now  in  a 
tlourishing  condition. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  A  class  was 
formed  in  1872.  by  Rev.  John  Stafford.  The  year 
following  they  erected  a  church,  about  30  x  50  feet 
in  size.  They  have  no  resident  minister,  the 
church  bemg  included  in  the  circuit  with  Anoka. 
A  Sabbalh-school  is  maintained  in  connection 
with  the  church. 

SOCIETIES. 

A  Literary  Society  and  Lyceum,  urganized  in 
the  fall  of  1880,  meets  every  Friday  evening  in 
the  school-house  of  district  Xo.  99.  Tliis  society 
is  well  attended. 

In  1879  a  circulating  library  was  established  in 
the  village,  containing  three  hundred  volumes. 
It  is  kept  at  the  post-office,  and  is  patronized  by 
tlie  citizens  of  the  township  generally. 

CH.^JIPLIN  MILL. 

Tliis  mill  is  located  on  Elm  Creek,  near  its 
junction  with  the  river,  below  the  village.  The 
first  mill  at  this  point  was  built  by  A.  P.  Lane  & 
Co.,  in  1867.  The  township  records  for  that  year 
show  that  two  town  bonds,  of  SiioO  each,  were  is- 
sued in  favor  of  this  firm,  to  assist  in  buildmg  a 
dam  and  bridge,  in  connection  with  the  mill. 
All  were  built,  but  were  swept  away  and  de- 
stroyed l)y  high  water.  The  iiresent  mill  was 
built  in  1874,  by  Clark  and  Smith,  and  after  sev- 
eral changes  came  into  the  possession  of  R.  M. 
Pratt  iV  Co.,  the  present  proprietors.  It  is  in 
size,  30.\-10  feet,  and  two  stories  high  above  the 
basement,  with  an  addition  for  offices  and  ware- 
rooms,  2.5  .\  18  feet.  Its  machinery  consists  of 
five  runs  of  stone,  five  middlings  puritiei-s,  be- 
sides the  necessary  minor  machinery.  It  is  driv- 
en by  an  American  turbine  wheel,  forty-two 
inches  in  diameter,  of  seventy-live  horse-power. 
Its  capacity  is  forty  barrels  per  day. 

VILLAfiE  OK  CHAMPLIN. 

Joseph  Holt  laid  out  a  village  on  the  west 
bank  of  the  river,  and  had  it  surveyed  and  plat- 
ted by  Hugh  Spence.  This  was  in  18-53.  A 
hotel  was  erected  m  1855,  by  George  Rollins,  and 


opened  by  Hugh  Spence.  Several  changes  in 
ownership  have  since  taken  place.  It  is  now 
conducted  by  F.  Thorndyke.  The  first  st(u-e  was 
opened  by  J.  B.  Holt,  in  18oti.  The  post-oflice 
was  estabUshed  in  1858,  with  J.  B.  Holt  as  post- 
master. George  Hills  now  occupies  that  office. 
There  are  three  stores,  with  stocks  of  general 
merchandise,  three  blacksmith  shops,  two  wagon 
shops,  one  goldsmith,  one  millinery,  and  one 
fiouruig  mill.  The  assessed  valuation  in  1880, 
of  town  lots  and  structures  thereon,  was  S7.302, 
The  nearest  railway  point  for  citizens  of  Cham- 
plin  township,  is  Anoka,  directly  opposite  the 
village  of  Champlin,  and  connected  with  it  by 
ferry  across  the  Mississippi  [river.  At  one  time, 
steamboats  plied  on  the  river,  landing  at  Cham- 
plin :  the  river  is  not  navigated  regularly  at  the 
present  time. 

niOGRAPIIICAL. 

Colby  Emery,  one  of  the  oldest  settlers  in 
Champlin.  was  born  in  1822.  in  Oxford  county. 
Maine,  where  he  resided,  with  the  e.xception  of 
some  time  passed  in  the  hotel  business  in  Boston 
and  Xew  York,  luitil  1853,  when  he  came  to  Min- 
nesota. He  at  once  pre-empted  a  claim  of  160 
acres,  and  has  since  resided  in  this  town  engaged 
in  farming.  He  now  owns  120  acres  of  fine  land. 
He  was  married,  July  2,  1855,  to  Enth  Blaisdell, 
of  Tamworth  Iron  Works,  Carroll  county.  Xew 
Hampshire.  She  died,  January,  1875.  The  fam- 
ily record  is,  James  R.,  born  in  185G;  Charles  E.. 
1857:  Zenus B..1S63.  died  1870;  Anna  G.,born  1S69. 

William  Fullerton  was  born  at  Hopewell, 
Maryland,  in  1819.  His  parents  removed  to  Penn- 
sylvania when  he  was  two  years  of  age.  and  he 
remained  there  until  1833.  when  he  removed  to 
Ohio,  residing  in  Lower  Sandusky  four  years, 
and  in  Lucas  county,  initil  1866.  employing  him- 
self in  carpenter  work  and  farming.  In  the 
spring  of  1864.  he  enlisted  in  Company  G,  First 
Ohio  Sharp-shooters,  and  was  afterwards  attached 
to  the  60th  Ohio.  He  was  wounded  in  the  hand, 
losing  a  finger  at  Petersburgh,  Virginia,  in  1864. 
and  was  honorably  discharged  at  Washington. 
D.  ('.,  in  1865.  In  1866  he  came  to  Champhn. 
where  he  has  since  resided.  He  was  married  in 
1848,  to  Martha  Crosby,  of  Ohio.  They  have 
four  children. 

J.  B.  Hinkley  was  born  in  Geauga  county,  Ohio, 
in  1818.    He  received  his  education  at  the  Gen- 


CHAMTLIN— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


301 


esee  Western  Seminary,  near  Rochester,  New 
York,  gradiiatins  in  1839.  He  then  began  teach- 
ing winters,  passing  liis  snmmers  on  a  farm.  In 
1854  he  came  to  Hennepin  county,  and  resided  in 
Minneapolis  one  year,  then  removed  to  Dayton 
township  where  he  took  a  claim  of  160  acres  near 
Diamond  Lake,  remaining  there  nine  years.  In 
1857  and  1858  Mr.  Ilinkley  was  a  member  of  the 
legislature,  during  which  time,  Minnesota  was  ad- 
mitted as  a  state.  He  held  the  office  of  County 
Commissioner  a  number  of  years,  and  had  charge 
of  the  county  poor  farm  for  three  years,  dating 
from  18fi4.  He  then  returned  to  Minneapolis 
where  he  remained  until  1873,  when  he  came  to 
Champlin  and  has  since  resided  here,  engaged  in 
farming.  Mr.  Ilinkley  has  held  the  office  of 
justice  of  the  peace,  excepting  a  short  time,  since 
he  came  to  this  county,  and  was  census  enum- 
erator of  Dayton  township  in  1880.  He  was 
married  in  1844  to  Miss  S.  S.  Moore.  They  have 
two  children. 

Robert  H.  Miller,  is  a  native  of  Oxford  county, 
Maine,  where  he  remained  until  twenty-three 
years  of  age  ;  then  removed  to  New  Hampshire. 
He  was  married  in  Conway,  New  Hampsliire, 
January,  1848,  to  Sarah  R.  Hill,  and  removed  to 
Waterford,  Maine,  where  their  only  living  son. 
Orange  8.,  was  born  September  6th,  184it.  In 
1852,  Mr.  Miller  came  to  St.  Anthony,  Minnesota, 
where  he  remained  one  year,  thence  to  Anoka 
and  after  a  few  months  residence  there,  made  a 
claim  on  the  west  side  of  the  river  in  what  is  now 
Dayton.  In  1856  he  came  to  Champlin  and 
bought  a  number  of  town  lots,  also  the  hotel  now 
owned  by  Mr.  Tliorndyke,  which  he  conducted 
for  seven  years.  When  he  first  came  to  Minne- 
sota he  made  a  squatters  claim,  on  the  west  side 
of  tiie  river,  the  present  site  of  Minneapolis. 
Mr.  Miller  learned  the  trade  of  carriage  maker, 
in  Maine,  which  business  he  engaged  in  for  many 
years  in  Champlin.  He  held  the  office  of  post- 
master from  1860  to  1867.  The  son.  Orange  S., 
resides  with  his  parents.  He  was  married  to 
Miss  Mary  E.  Wiley.    They  have  one  son. 

G.  D.  Miars  is  a  native  of  Nova  Scotia  where 
he  was  born  in  1816.  At  the  age  of  eleven  years 
he  went  to  sea  and  followed  that  occupation  four- 
teen years.  He  then  resided  in  Canada  three 
years,  and  in  Maine,  where  he  was  engaged  in 
farming.     He  came  to  Hennepin  county  hi  1856 


and  purchased  a  claim  of  eighty  acres  in  the  town 
of  Crystal  Lake.  In  1866  he  removed  to  Anoka 
county,  and  three  years  later  came  to  Champlin, 
where  he  has  since  resided,  engaged  in  the  pur- 
suit of  farming.  He  was  married  in  1852,  to  Sy- 
rene  Pratt,  a  native  of  Penobscot  county,  Maine. 
They  have  had  nine  children,  eight  of  whom  are 
living. 

Turner  Pribble  was  born  in  Kennebec  county, 
Maine,  -July  4th,  1836.  At  the  age  of  twenty,  he 
came  to  Henneiiin  county,  locating  in  the  town 
of  Brooklyn.  In  1860  he  purchased  a  farm  of 
fifty-five  acres,  which  he  disposed  of  in  1865,  and 
the  next  year  bought  forty  acres  in  the  same 
town.  He  resided  in  Brooklyn  until  1877,  ex- 
cepting the  time  he  was  absent  in  the  army.  In 
April,  1861  he  enlisted  for  three  months,  and  re- 
enlisted  November,  1861  in  the  First  Minnesota 
Infantry.  At  Petersburg,  Virginia,  he  was  ta- 
ken prisoner  and  held  ten  months.  He  was  hon- 
oral)ly  discharged  July  20th,  1865.  He  came  to 
Champlain  in  1877  and  has  resided  here  since,  en- 
gaged in  farming.  He  was  married  in  1870.  to 
Leila  A.  Coy,  who  was  born  in  ]SIaine  in  1851. 
They  have  one  child,  Martha  Irene  l)orn  in  1875. 

J.  W.  Reeves  was  born  in  Butler  county,  Ohio, 
in  1842,  and  remained  in  his  native  state  until 
1865,  when  he  came  to  Minnesota,  and  located  in 
Ramsey  county,  near  St.  Paul.  In  1877  he  came 
to  Champlin,  purchased  a  farm  of  forty  acres, 
and  has  since  resided  in  this  town.  In  1863,  Mr. 
Reeves  enlisted  in  Company  D,  2d  Ohio  Heavy 
Artillery,  and  served  until  honorably  discharged, 
in  1865,  coming  west  the  same  year. 

J.  11.  Trussel  is  a  native  of  New  Hampshire, 
born  in  New  London,  ISIerrimac  comity,  Septem- 
ber 26th,  1 828.  He  resided  in  his  native  town  ten 
years,  then  to  Wilmot,  N.  IL,  and  remained 
there  until  twenty-one  years  of  age,  when  he  went 
to  Concord,  and  remained  five  years.  In  the  fall 
of  1855,  he  came  to  Hennepin  county,  and  made 
a  claim  of  160  acres  in  Brooklyn.  Remained  on 
it  one  year ;  then  removed  to  Champlin,  where  he 
has  since  resided.  In  1871,  he  sold  his  farm  in 
Brooklyn.  He  has  held  the  office  of  Supervisor 
several  times,  also  Assessor  and  Treasurer.  Mar- 
ried, in  1857,  Mary  E.  Hill,  who  was  born  m  Car- 
roll county,  New  Hampshire,  in  1831,  and  came 
with  her  parents  to  this  county  in  1853.  They 
have  had  five  children,  three  of  whom  are  living. 


302 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


DAYTON. 


CHAPTER  XLVIII. 

GESTERAL  DESCRIPTION — FIRST  SETTLEJLEXT — 
TOWN  ORGANIZATION — VI LLAGES— SCHOOLS- 
MILLS — OFFICERS— BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Dayton  is  situated  in  the  extreme  northern  part 
of  Hennepin  county.  It  is  bouiuled  on  the  nortli 
by  tlie  Mississippi  River,  east  by  Champlin,  soutli 
by  Maple  Grove,  and  west  liy  Hassan  and 
Wright  county.  Its  surface  is  rolling ;  in  some 
portions  of  the  town  there  is  a  succession  of 
rounded  elevations,  amounting  to  liills  in  some 
instances.  It  is  well  timbered.with  a  heavy  gro'wth 
of  maple,  oak.  basswood.  and  elm,  excepting  in 
the  northeast,  where  it  includes  a  part  of  Long 
Prairie,  extending  west  from  Champlin.  The 
soil  is  a  deep,  lilaek  loam,  lying  upon  a  mag- 
nesium limestone,  which  underlies  the  whole 
town  excepting  in  the  north-eastern  part,  where 
the  St.  Peter  sandstone  is  found  in  a  narrow  belt 
along  the  river.  The  north-eastern  boundary  is 
formed  by  the  Mississippi  River,  whose  high 
bluffs  tower  a  hundred  feet  above  the  majestic 
river  that  washes  their  base.  The  northern  part 
of  the  western  boundary  is  washed  by  the  Crow 
Elver,  which  empties  into  the  Mississippi  at  Day- 
ton village. 

Diamond  Lake,  on  sections  17  and  18,  is  the 
largest  body  of  water  in  the  town.  It  was  named 
Diamond  on  account  of  the  purity  of  its  water. 
French  Lake,the  next  in  size,  located  on  sections 
19  and  3(».  took  its  name  from  a  French  settlement 
near  it,  in  an  early  day.  The  smaller  lakes  are 
Lura,  on  section  2,  and  Powere,  on  section  34.  A 
small  creek  rises  in  Diamond  Lake  and  flows  east- 
erly across  the  town,  and  empties  into  Hayden's 
Lake,  which  is  located  on  section  26. 

FIRST  SETTLEMENT 

Paul  Godine  is  supposed  to  be  the  oldest  living 
settler    in    the    town.      He    is    a    Frenchman 


by  birth,  and  settled  here  in  18.51.  He  was  a 
man  of  some  notoriety  among  the  Indians  in 
those  early  days,  wielding  a  magical  kind  of 
influence  over  them,  which  at  times  was  so  potent 
that  he  could  chastise  them  with  his  fist  or  club 
or  any  other  article  which  came  first  to  hand,  as 
occasion  required,  and  they  would  qiuetly  submit 
to  it.  and  continue  to  trade  with  him.  They  look- 
ed upon  him  through  the  dim  light  of  their  im- 
tutored  minds,  as  an  avenging  spirit,  sent  upon 
them  by  the  "Great  Spirit,"  hence  their  submis- 
sion. 

John  Yeine  made  a  claim  wliere  the  village  of 
Dayton  now  stands,  and  built  a  small  cabin  on  it 
in  18-53,  which  he  sold  to  E.  H.  Robinson  in  1854, 
who  used  it  for  a  trading  post,  trading  almost 
entirely  with  the  Indians  who  were  principally 
Chippewas. 

]SIarcelles  Boulee.  Benj  Leveilher.  and  others, 
settled  along  the  river  in  18.53.  Soon  after,  a  few 
French  families  settled  on  or  near  the  Lake 
named  French  Lake,  Whose  names  were  Daniel 
Lavallee,  Anthony  Gelinas.  Louis  Bibeault.  Moses 
Desjarlais.  Joel  Desjarlais,  Fabien  Desjarlais 
and  Edward  Greenwood.  Other  portions  of  the 
town  were  settled  soon  after,  by  the  French. 

A  hotel  was  built  at  Dayton  in  1854,  by  James 
Haselton  and  George  Mosier,  situated  on  the 
bank  of  the  main  river.  It  was  moved  at  a  later 
period,  to  its  present  site  on  higher  ground,  and 
is  now  owned  and  occupied  as  a  hotel  by  George 
Slater,  who  settled  here  in  1856. 

Xeil  ilcXeil  was  one  of  the  early  settlers,  who 
came  to  Dayton  and  took  at  once,  a  front  rank  in 
shaping  the  business  of  the  infant  settlement. 
For  three  years,  he  had  the  entire  control  of  Ly- 
man Dayton"s  business,  his  intelligent  brain, 
directed  by  a  master  hand,  was  felt  in  every 
thing  he  touched.  Xot  only  was  his  genius  felt 
in  civil  life,  but  he  made  it  felt  in  military  tactics 
also ;  showing  himself  not  an  unworthv  descend- 


DAYTON— EARLY  EVENTS— CHURCHES. 


303 


ent  of  that  race  whose  prowess,  like  Bruce's,  has 
adorned  and  embellished  the  pages  of  Scottish 
history.  When  tlie  Indian  outbreak,  in  1862, 
burst  upon  the  frightened  settlers,  carrying 
rapine  and  butchery  in  its  gory  track,  he  left 
the  peaceful  pursuits  of  life,  and  aided  by  that 
determined  look  which  the  earnest  man  car- 
ries, raised  a  squad  of  men  and  hastened  to  join 
Captain  Stroufs  command.  They  marched  to 
the  seat  of  war  through  Forest  City  to  Acton, 
where  they  met  the  "  Bloody  Devils,"  and  gave 
them  fight.  lie  there  received  a  wound  through 
his  right  arm,  but  with  his  spartan  band  of  sixty- 
four,  fighting  for  their  firesides,  and  the  little 
prattlers  around  them,  thought  not  of  the  eight 
hundred  fiends  they  were  fighting,  all  the  way 
from  Acton  to  Hutchinson.  Before  reaching 
Hutchinson,  they  were  reinforced,  adding  more 
strength,  but  no  more  courage;  when  they  made 
a  Waterloo,  scattering  the  Indians  in  every  di- 
rection. Returning  from  the  Indian  war,  and 
with  a  country  still  imperiled,  he  joined  Gen. 
Thomas'  command  in  1863,  and  remained  until 
honorably  discharged,  when  he  returned  again  to 
Dayton  and  engaged  in  the  more  congenial  and 
peaceful  pursuits  of  Ufe,  enjoying  the  confidence 
of  his  fellow-citizens,  filling  the  office  of  super- 
visor ft)r  ten  years,  and  constable  seven  years. 
He  was  the  first  constable  elected  in  tlie  town. 

In  1855,  A.  C.  Kimball  settled  near  French 
Lake,  on  the  north  shore,  and  was  the  first 
American  settler  back  from  the  river.  He  re- 
lates the  fact,  that  the  Chippev^-a  Indians  passed 
near  his  home  on  their  way  to  the  fight  near 
Shakopee,  in  May,  1858,  with  their  old  enemies 
the  Sioux.  They  came  down  the  Mississippi 
River  and  went  about  a  mile  up  the  Crow  River, 
took  their  canoes  ashore,  sold  two  or  three  to  the 
settlers,  and  destroyed  the  rest. 

EARLY   EVENTS. 

In  18-56,  E.  II.  Robinson  built  a  blacksmith 
shop  for  his  own  business,  doing  some  custom 
work  for  his  few  neighliors.  Tlie  same  year,  he 
and  his  partner,  John  Baxter,  built  a  steam  saw- 
mill on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi  River  be- 
low the  mouth  of  the  Crow  River,  which  was  the 
first  saw-mill  built  in  the  town. 

The  first  religious  services  in  town,  were  held 
at  the  house  of  J.  B.  Hinklev.  in  the  summer  of 


Sti^m^p^e^    _ 


1855,  by  the  Rev.  Winthrop  Ilayden.  The  next 
services  were  held  at  the  house  of  J.  B.  Ilinkley 
in  1855;  sermon  by  David  Brooks. 

The  first  white  child  born,  was  George  Dayton 
Slater,  September,  1856,  who  died  at  the  age  of 
four  years. 

The  first  death  was  a  Mr.  Twombly,  who  was 
killed  by  the  falling  limb  of  a  tree.  The  second 
death  was  Job  Green,  an  old  man,  who  died  in 
1857,  and  was  buried  by  the  roadside,  and  subse- 
quently removed  to  the  cemetery,  in  the  east  part 
of  the  village  plat,  upon  its  establishment  in  1858.    ^         ^ 

The  first  marriage  was  that  of  E.  II.  Robinson  (/ £2>»_  «"^»-'-*-^   /y^- 
to  Mrs.  Sarah  L.  Gardner,  June  29th,^56.   ^  ^. 

J.  B.  Ilinkley  was  the  first  justice  of  the  peace. 
He  was  appointed  by  the  territorial  government. 
He  was  also  the  first  representative  from  his  dis- 
trict to  the  legislature  elected  in  1857,  and  took 
an  active  part  in  forming  the  state  government. 

The  "  Five  Milhon  Loan  Bill '"  was  voted  on  by 
the  town,  in  the  spring  of  1858,  and  carried  by  a 
decided  majority. 

The  first  post  office  was  established  in  1855, 
and  J.  Baxter  appointed  post  master.  He  was 
succeeded  by  Mr.  Hinkley,  in  1856,  wlio  made 
R.  R.  Ilurlbut  deputy  for  two  years.  Hurl- 
but  was  then  appointed  post  master,  and  remained 
in  office  several  years. 

The  first  school  was  taught  in  the  summer  of 
1857,  by  Miss  Cynthia  Slater,  on  the  west  side  of 
Crow  River.  The  water,  washing  the  bridge 
away,  the  scholars  could  not  cross,  and  she  moved 
to  Mr.  Hinkley 's,  and  later,  to  Mr.  Baxter's  house, 
where  the  term  was  finislied. 

CHURCHES. 

The  French  Catholic  Cliurch  was  organized  in 
1857,  and  a  church  built  the  same  year,  on  the 
farm  of  Paul  Godine,  section  5.  Father  Jennis 
officiated  at  the  organization.  In  1862,  Father 
Nicholas  supplied  the  cluirch  for  a  time.  In 
1865,  the  society  commenced  the  erection  of  a 
larger  churcli,  in  tlie  village  of  Dayton,  and  com- 
pleted it  in  1866.  It  is -50x75  feet.  The  society  con- 
tains one  hundred  and  twenty  families.  Father 
Morrell  has  officiated  since  1866,  and  closed  his 
labors  in  the  fall  of  1880.  The  society  has  a 
cemetery  of  about  two  acres,  located  on  the  north- 
west corner  of  section  8. 


304 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPiy  COUNTY. 


TOWN   ORGAXIZATIOX. 

Dayton  and  Cliamplin,  were  formerly  organized 
as  a  voting  precinct,  and  called  Marshall.  It  was 
divided  in  I808.  and  the  name  of  Dayton  adopted. 
in  honor  of  Mr.  Lyman  Dayton.  The  meeting 
for  the  organization  of  the  town,  was  held  at 
Champlin,  May  llth.  1858.  Elected  for  Super- 
visors, A.  C.  Kimball,  chairman,  W.  H.  Ed- 
wards, J.  D.  H.  Hervey;  Toa\ti  Clerk,  John  Bax- 
ter; Assessor,  J.  M.  Thompson:  Collector,  W.  P. 
Ives;  Overseer  of  Poor.  Daniel  Fife:  Justices  of 
the  Peace,  D.  L.  Herrick  and  Alvali  Hills:  Con- 
stables, J.  Downs  and  A.  M.  Kunball.  After 
the  election  of  officers  and  other  business  inci- 
dent to  the  new  organizati<Mi.  and  the  change  of 
the  name  of  the  town,  the  amicable  settlement 
of  the  question  at  one  time  appeared  very  for- 
midal)le.  adjourned  to  exchange  mutual  congrat- 
ulations over  the  successful  issue. 

VILLAGES. 

There  were  three  town  sites  selected.  Imt  not 
laid  out.  but  claimed,  and  held  with  the  inten- 
tion of  making  plats.  "Watervilli".  held  liy 
Charles  Aydt,  was  located  mostly  on  the  west 
side,  and  included  the  site  where  the  present  saw 
mill  is  located.  Portland  was  claimed  by  RoViin- 
sou  and  Baxter,  and  included  the  sit«  on  which 
the  present  village  is  located.  Lyman  Dayton  had 
eighty  acres  south  of  the  present  village,  and  had 
it  platted  and  surveyed,  but  afterwards  \acated. 
The  present  village  was  lirst  platted  in  185o.  and 
again  in  I806,  reducing  lots  from  one-quarter  to 
one-eighth  of  an  acre  in  a  lot,  awing  to  tlie 
advance  in  the  price  of  land.  The  platting  was 
done  by  Lyman  Da)i:on  who  had  bought  of  Rob- 
inson and  Baxter  an  undivided  half  of  the  town 
site.  This  settled  the  location  of  the  village,  but 
the  more  difficult  question  was  yet  to  come,  that 
of  naming  it.  ^Ir.  Dayton  and  his  friends 
desired  to  call  it  Dayton,  while  that  part  of  the 
settlers  who  came  from  Elaine,  were  as  anxious 
to  call  it  Portland.  Both  parties  felt  their  abil- 
ity and  strength  to  call  it  V)y  their  chosen  name, 
whilst  each  doubted  the  others  strength,  and  a 
meeting  was  called  to  settle  the  vexed  question 
by  vote.  On  the  day  appointed,  the  "hosts"  were 
marshalled,  but  justice  always  recedes  before 
advancing  force,  and  the  ■■  Dayton  "  party  proved 
too  strong  for  the  "  Mainites,"  and  named  it  Day- 


ton, in  1868.    This  is  the  only  -sillage  in  the 
town,  and  includes  a  small  plat  of  gi-ound  on  the 
opposite  bank  ot  Crow  river,  in   "Wright  county, 
and  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  the  Mississip- 
pi and  Crow  rivers.    It  is  a  flourishing  village, 
containing  three  stores,  carrying  a  general  stock 
of  goods.  E.  O.  Perkins's  being  the  largest ;  three 
blacksmith   shops,  one  furniture  and    carriage 
shop,  one    millinery    establishment,  where  the 
latest  fashions  are  tastefully  displayed,  two  boot 
and  shoe  establishments,  two  carpentei-s,  who 
"  know  how  to  make  a  house,"  two  meat  mar- 
kets, one    lumber  mill,  one  tannery,  a  brick- 
yard and  a  post-office,  with  "W.  D.  Brimmer  for 
postmaster. 
The  second  post-office  was  establislied  in  the 
'  South-west  part  of  the  town  about  1866,   and 
I  called  ■■  ilaple  Grove,"  a  Mr,  Permit  being  ap- 
i  pointed  post>-master. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  tirst  male  teacher  was  Thomas  McLeod, 
who  taught  after  the  organization  of  the  town,  in 
the   winter  of    1859-60.      The  fli-st  school  was 
taught  in  a  vacant  store-room  built  liy  E.B.Ames, 
of  Minneapolis,  who  failed  in  trade,  and  the  room 
was  used  till   1868,   when  the  present    village 
school  building  was  erected,  in  the  \illageof  Day- 
ton.   Besides  this,  there  are  four  school  build- 
ings, all  in  good  condition,  located  as  follows : 
,  School  Xo.  37,  on  section  14;  Xo.  41,  on  section 
I  29  ;  No.  40,  on  section  7  ;  and  No.  36,  on  section 
,  28.    Two  joint  districts  are  included  in  the  above. 

3IILLS. 

The  Dayton  Hour-mill  was  first  built  by  Frank 
'  "\reitzel  in  1860,  for  a  three  run  custom  mill.  In 
1874  he  built  a  new  merchant  mill  with  five  runs. 
3-5x65  feet,  three-stories  and  basement.  He  sold 
a  half  interest  to  W.  F.  Hurlbut,  and  in  1878 
sold  his  remaining  interest  to  K.  K.  Hurlbut.  In 
1879  the  lirm  of  Hurlbut  and  son  built  an  addi- 
tion 20x50  feet,  with  two  11ms  of  stone  for  a  cus- 
tom mill.  They  have  added  all  the  late  im- 
provements, making  it  a  first-class  Merchant  and 
Custom  mill,  with  a  reputation  second  to  none. 
The  mill  gives  employment  to  twenty-six  men. 

"W.  D.  Brimmer,  has  a  Saw-mill  and  Stave 
Factory,  located  on  the  Crow  river,  and  is  now 
using  the  steam  machinery,  put  iu  by  Robinson  in 
1860:  supposed  to  be  the  first  in  the  north-west. 


DA  YTON— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


305 


OFFICIAL  ROSTER. 

The  present  town  officers  are,  Supervisors,  A. 
('.  Kimball,  chairman,  0.  E.  Evans,  and  M.  F. 
Taylor ;  Town  Clerk,  C.  F.  Dugas ;  Assessor,  il. 
F.  Taylor ;  Treasurer,  Henry  Duhlheimer ;  Jus- 
tices of  the  Peace,  C.  E.  Evans  and  Nicholas 
Engel;  Constables,  Albert  Lewis  and  A.  A. 
Laflin. 

A  Town  House  was  built  in  1873  at  the  cross- 
roads in  south  part  of  section  17,  size  20x30  feet. 
Tlie  Cemetery  is  located  in  the  soutli-west  corner 
of  secton  8. 

The  town  lias  14,811  acres  with  a  land  valua- 
ation  of  §170,220.  Valuation  of  personal  prop- 
erty, $42,090.  Town  lots,  §7,384.  Taxes  for 
1880,  from  the  above  valuations,  S2.5S.5. 

The  population  of  the  township,  including  tlie 
village  w  698. 

lUOGRAPHICAL. 

William  Dugas,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Hen- 
nepin county,  was  liorn  at  Tliree  Rivers,  Canada, 
May  17th,  1809.  He  learned  the  trade  of  mill- 
wright, and  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  went  to 
Xew  York  city,  tlien  started  for  Africa,  engag- 
ing as  ship-carpenter.  At  Xew  Orleans  he  aban- 
doned the  trip,  as  his  ship  did  not  sail.  He  then 
came  up  the  Mississippi  river  to  Saint  Lonis, 
thence  to  Chicago,  and  after  a  stay  there  of  four 
years,  went  to  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  via.  the 
Missouri  river,  with  Bourbonais,  who  )iad  charge 
of  the  Pottawattamie  Indians.  Tlieu  returned 
to  Chicago,  and  had  charge  of  a  crew  of  men  on  , 
the  canal  then  being  ojiened  there.  Three  years 
later,  he  removed  to  (Jalena,  Illinois,  and  then 
went  to  Prarie  (In  Cliien,  Wisconsin,  where  he 
married  Sophia  Stronnn,  who  died  twenty-one 
months  later,  leaving  one  rliild,  Charles,  who  is 
now  town  clerk  of  Uayton.  In  the  spring  of 
1844  he  removed  to  Saint  Paul,  where  he  re- 
mained over  two  years,  and  married,  in  January, 
1846,  Miss  Susanna  llaiche.  The  same  year  he 
made  a  claim  at  Saint  Anthony,  near  Cheever's 
claim,  which  he  afterwards  sold  to  Franklin 
Steele.  He  returned  to  Saint  Paul  in  May,  1849. 
and  was  elected  to  the  Territorial  Legislature 
the  following  fall.  After  remaining  in  Saint 
Paul  two  years,  engaged  in  tlie  hotel  business, 
he  sold  out.  returned  to  .Saint  Anthony,  and  es- 
tablished a  ferrv  about  lialf  a  mile  above  the 
20      .       ' 


present  upper  bridge.  He,  and  others,  procured 
a  charter  for  a  bridge,  but  it  was  not  built.  In 
1 8.57  he  sold  the  ferry  and  moved  to  Bottineau 
Prairie,  and  engaged  in  farming  until  1866,  when 
he  removed  to  Dayton,  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided. His  second  wife  bore  him  three  children, 
two  of  wliom  are  living:  Jolni,  aged  twenty-three 
and  Louis,  aged  twenty-one. 

Nicholas  Engel  was  liorn  in  Prussia,  in  1820. 
Learned  the  trade  of  shoemaking.  He  was 
drafted  into  the  army  at  twenty,  and  served  two 
years.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1852,  and 
settled  at  Port  Washington,  Wisconsin,  working 
at  his  trade.  Moved  to  Plattsmouth,  Nebraska, 
in  1858,  and  followed  his  trade.  In  1875,  went  to 
Frankfort,  Wright  county,  and  in  1876  came  to 
Dayton.  Has  held  the  office  of  Justice  of  the 
Peace  for  two  years.  Married,  in  1863,  to  Cath- 
arine Schluentz.  They  have  had  five  children, 
four  are  now  living. 

F.  Gamaclie,  Ijorn  in  Canada,  in  1830.  Moved 
to  Michigan  in  1850,  and  engaged  in  mining,  three 
years.  He  located  on  his  present  farm  in  1854. 
Married,  in  1852,  Jilargaret  Gandrow,  who  died 
in  1864.  He  was  married  again,  in  1867,  to  Julia 
Lambert.  They  have  had  eight  children.  He 
lias  Ijeen  Town  Supervisor  and  School  Director. 
He  is  one  of  the  pioneers  of  this  town.  His,  was 
the  first  team  brought  to  Dayton. 

R.  R.  Ilurlbut,  born  in  Vermont,  in  1830.  Fol- 
lowed railroading  wlien  young.  He  was  married 
in  1852,  to  JSlary  Stebbins,  and  moved  to  Muineso- 
ta  in  1855.  Located  in  Hassan  for  one  year; 
thence  to  Dayton,  where  he  engaged  in  mercan- 
tile business  for  two  years.  Located  where  he  now 
lives  in  1870 — a  fine  location  in  Wright  county, 
opposite  Dayton.  Purchased,  in  1878,  one-half 
interest  in  the  Dayton  Flour  Mills,  wliich,  with  his 
farm,  occupies  his  entire  attention.  He  has  two 
children  :  William  F.  and  Rodman  R. 

William  F.  Ilurlbut,  son  of  R.  R.  Ilurlbut,  was 
born  in  Vermont,  in  1853.  He  remained  with 
his  parents  until  1870,  when  he  entered  the  State 
University  at  Minneapolis,  at  the  same  time  tak- 
ing a  commercial  course.  Returned  to  Dayton 
in  1874  and  purchased  ahalf  interest  in  the  Day- 
ton Flour  Mills,  and  also  carried  on  a  general 
merchandizing  business  in  connection  with  his 
milling.  In  1880  he  married  Jennie  E.  Nixon,  of 
Pennsylvania. 


306 


HlSrOBT  OF  HEXA'EPiy  COUNTY. 


X.  :McXeil  was  bom  iu  Scotland,  in  1830.  In 
1831  he  emigrated  with  his  parents  to  America. 
He  moved  to  Boston,  Massachusetts,  in  1852, 
and  worked  three  years  in  the  Xa\-y  Yard. 
Moved  to  Mimiesota  in  18.56,  and  lived  in  St. 
Paul  one  year,  when  he  moved  to  Dayton  and 
worked  seven  years  for  Lyman  Dayton.  In  1863, 
joined  Gen.  Thomas"  command,  was  mustered  out 
in  1865,  and  returned  to  Dayton  and  engaged  in 
the  stock  business.  He  married,  in  1857,  Sarah 
Sweeney.  They  have  had  nine  cliildren.  Mr. 
McNeil  held  the  office  of  Supen-isor  ten  years, 
and  was  Constable  for  seven  yeare. 

Charles  Mayer  was  bom  in  Germany,  in  1818, 
where  he  taught  school  for  twenty  years.  He 
emigrated  to  America  in  1856.  and  settled  in 
St.  Bernard,  Ohio,  and  taught  school  two  years  ; 
then  taught  eight  years  in  Johnstown,  Pennsylva- 
nia, four  years  at  Utica.  and  three  yeare  in  Jeffer- 
son City,  Missouri.  He  is  the  organist  at  the  Cath- 
olic church  in  Dayton,  and  also  teaches  music. 
Married  the  first  time,  in  1842,  to  Veronica  Sei- 
berlich,  who  died  in  1856.  Married  again  to,  Kate 
Oberle.    He  has  sis  children  living. 

George  Slater,  bom  in  England,  ui  1821.  Em- 
igrated to  America,  and  settled  in  GloversAlUe, 
Fulton  county,  Xew  York,  iu  1824.  "Worked  at 
glove-making  for  twenty  years.  Moved  to  Min- 
nesota, and  settled  in  Dayton,  in  1856,  and  com- 
menced the  manufacture  of  gloves  and  mittens. 
Enlisted  in  Company  C,  Independent  Battalion, 
under  General  Hatch,  in  1864,  and  was  ordered 
to  the  frontier.  AVas  mustered  out  in  1865.  Ee- 
tm'ued  to  Dayton,  and  opened  his  farm.  His 
health  failing,  he  piu'chased  the  hotel  wliich  he 
now  keeps.  Married,  in  1845,  to  Catharine  Kelly. 
They  have  fom-  children  now  livuig.  Mr.  Slater 
found  many  relics  near  the  jimction  of  the  Crow 
and  Mississippi  rivers,  whieh  indicated  that 
there  had  been,  at  some  time,  a  Prench  or  Span- 
ish settlement  at  that  point. 

Abraham  Twombley  was  born  in  Canada,  in 
1808.  Moved  to  Champlain,  Xew  York.  Lived 
there  several  years.  Married,  at  twenty-two,  to 
Bosabel  Rose.  He  moved  to  Bottineau  Prairie 
in  1857,  and  lived  with  his  wife  in  a  tent  three 
months.  Sold  his  first  claim  on  the  Prairie,  and 
bought  one  in  the  woods,  where  he  has  since 
lived.    Mr.  and  Mi's.  T.  Celebrated  their  golden 


wedding.  Xovember  8th.  1880.  They  have  108 
children  and  gi-audchildren. 

E.  H.  Eobinson,  a  native  of  Gardiner,  Maine, 
was  born  in  1829.  He  remained  with  his  par- 
ents on  the  farm,  untU  seventeen  years  of  age : 
then  learned  the  mason"s  trade.  In  1849,  he, 
with  his  brother,  moved  to  "Wisconsin,  and  worked 
at  his  trade  during  the  summer,  and  in  the  pine- 
ries through  the  winter.  In  the  faU  of  1850,  he 
returned  to  Maine,  and  the  following  year,  his 
father  and  family  moved  to  "Wisconsin,  locating 
m  Portage  comity.  In  the  spring  of  1853.  E.  H. 
came  to  Minneapolis,  and  purchased  twenty-five 
doUai-s-  worth  of  goods,  which  he  hired  a  French- 
man to  take  up  to  the  mouth  of  Crow  Ri\-er.  in  a 
canoe.  They  reached  their  destination  in  two 
days,  and  found  but  one  white  man.  John  "\'eine. 
of  whom  he  secured  the  use  of  a  log  cabin  for  his 
store.  He  opened  a-  trade  with  the  Indians, 
whose  reservation  was  on  the  west  side  of  Crow 
River.  In  the  spring  of  1854.  he  succeeded  m 
purchasing  Veine's  claim,  which  included  the 
site  of  the  present  village  of  Dayton.  Mr.  Veine 
left,  and  Mr.  Robinson  was  for  ten  months  ^alone 
with  the  Indians,  at  whose  hands  he  came  near 
losing  his  life,  on  several  occasions.  He  sold 
John  Baxter  one-half  interest  in  his  store,  and  in 

1855,  they  sold  Lyman  Dayton,  of  St.  Paul,  an 
luidivided  interest  in  a  portion  of  their  land.  In 
1S56,  they  sold  Mr.  Dayton  an  interest  in  tlie 
water-power  and  land  adjoining.    In  the  fall  of 

1856,  they  erected  a  steam  saw-mill  near  the 
mouth  of  Crow  River.  Soon  after.  Mr.  Robinson 
bought  his  partner's  interest  in  tlie  store,  and  in 

1857,  bought  his  interest  in  the  mill.  He  then 
sold  to  Mr.  Dayton  liis  entire  interest  in  the 
water-power,  and  the  following  spring,  sold  his 
stock  of  goods.  In  the  fall  of  1858,  he  purchased 
another  stock  of  goods,  and  in  1861,  took  as  part- 
ner in  the  milling  business.  Frank  Crocker,  and 
continued  thus  two  yeare,  when  he  bought  Crock- 
er's interest,  and  in  1866,  sold  the  entire  estab- 
lishment to  a  firm  who  failed,  and  the  mill  was 
taken  away.  In  1870.  he  built  a  new  steam  saw- 
mill near  the  site  of  the  old  one.  In  1877.  he 
sold  the  mill  to  H.  A.  Bennett,  and  it  was  burned 
the  following  year.  ^Ir.  Robinson's  wife  was 
Mrs.  Sarah  Gilson  of  Xew  York,  whom  he  mar- 
ried in  1856.  "They  have  had  three  cliildren : 
George  H.,  Horace  R.  and  Frank  L. 


Si^ 


i 


tt/ynn^ 


0^' 


HASSAN- OENEBAL  DESGBIPTION. 


307 


HAS  SAN. 


CHAPTER  XLIX. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  —  SETTLEMENT — FIRST 
BIRTH  AND  DEATH — A  PAPER  TOWN — EVENTS 
OF  1856-7-8  —  CHURCHES  —  ORGANIZATION  — 
INDIAN  SCARE  —  OUTLOOK  —  SAW-MILL — BIO- 
GRAPHICAL. 

This  is  one  of  the  extreme  northern  towns  of 
Hennepin  county,  and  embraces  all  of  township 
120  north,  ranges  23  and  24  west,  lying  east  of 
Crow  River,  covering  an  area  of  17,184  acres. 
It  is  washed  by  the  Crow  River  on  the  west  and 
north,  the  stream  making  the  boundary  Ijetween 
it  and  Wright  coimty.  It  was  sm'veyed  in  lHo.5, 
the  first  year  of  its  settlement.  Its  siuface  is 
rolling  and  heavily  timbered,  except  Bigelow's 
Prairie,  a  small  tract  of  about  fifty  acres,  in 
section  16,  on  Crow  river.  Several  ti-acts  of 
marsh,  or  wild  meadow,  occur  at  intervals 
throughout  the  town,  but  are  little  used,  being 
too  soft  for  pasturage,  and  affording  but  an  indif- 
ferent quality  of  hay.  Peat  bog  is  found  in  most 
of  the  marshy  gromid,  which  may  yet  give  it  value. 
In  the  uplands,  the  soil  is  a  dark  loam,  with  clay 
subsoil  and  well  adapted  to  general  agricultural 
piu'poses. 

The  only  streams  in  the  mterior  are  Rush  Creek, 
which  flows  through  the  south-east  comer,  and  a 
small,  unnametl  rivulet  which  rises  in  section  22, 
flows  north-west,  and  empties  into  Crow  River  hi 
section  16.  A  stream  shown  upon  the  early  maps, 
in  the  south-west  part  of  the  town,  is  only  a  ravine 
through  which  surface  water  finds  its  way  to  tlie 
Crow  River  in  times  of  fi'eshet. 

Several  small  lakes  dot  tlie  siu-face  of  the  town, 
mainly  in  the  western  half,  the  most  noticeable  of 
which  are  here  described.  Sylvan  Lake  lies  in 
section  20,  and  is  the  largest  body  of  water  in  the 
town.  It  covers  an  area  of  about  two  hundred 
acres,  is  of  more  than  ordinary  depth,  with  sandy 


or  gravelly  margin  on  the  north,  but  soft  along 
the  southern  half.  It  is  well  stocked  with  fish, 
principally  pickerel  and  bass.  North-east  of  this 
is  Cowley,  better  known  as  Parslow's  Lake,  m 
sections  16  and  21.  It  has  sandy  margins  and 
liard  bottom,  but  is  quite  shallow,  and  contauis  a 
rank  growth  of  water  plants,  which,  though  not 
reach mg  the  surface,  are  too  near  to  admit  of 
trolling  for  fish,  with  which  its  waters  abound. 

Lake  Harry  lies  mainly  ui  the  south-east  corner 
of  section  29,  but  extends  its  waters  to  the  three 
sections  joining  at  this  corner.  It  is  of  irregular 
shape,  shallow,  witli  low,  marshy  shores  on  the 
north,  but  hard  on  the  south.  It  is  destitute  of 
fish,  and  is  gi'adually  diying  up.  In  1855,  Jasper 
Hawkins,  one  of  the  early  settlers  here,  found  a 
fine,  large  canoe  floating  upon  the  waters  of  this 
lake,  which  incident  has  occasioned  no  Utile  spec- 
idation  regarding  its  early  ownership.  It  was  of 
jiine,  nearly  new,  and  neatly  hewn  from  a  sound 
log  or  tree,  and  not  over  an  inch  thick  except  at 
the  points.  No  owner  ever  appeared  to  claim  this 
mysterious  craft,  and  pioneer  settlers  disagree  as 
to  its  origin  ;  whether  it  was  of  Indian  manufac- 
ture, or  the  handiwork  of  white  men.  In  any 
event,  it  must  have  been  prepared  in  the  forests 
of  the  upper  Mississippi,  brouglit  down  that 
stream  and  up  the  Crow  river  several  miles,  and 
dragged  across  the  country  for  not  less  than  one 
and  one-half  miles,  before  launclnng  upon  tlie 
shallow  waters  of  this  lake,  which,  as  it  afforded 
no  flshmg,  leaves  the  subject  as  much  in  the  dark 
as  ever.  The  old  canoe  is  now  in  a  useless,  half- 
decayed  condition,  and  partly  Iniried  in  the  mud 
and  water  of  a  smaller  lake,  appropriately  named 
Mud  Lake,  near  the  residence  of  Mr.  Hawkins  ui 
section  21. 

SETTLEMENT. 

The  first  settler  in  the  northern  part  of  the  town 
was  Alexander  Bortliwick,  who  came  in  1854,  and 
made  Ids  claim  on  section  12.  and  later,  another 


:W8 


HISTOBT  OF  HENKEPIN  COUNTY. 


on  section  1,  the  tuvm  now  ownied  by  Frank 
Weitzel.  He  remained  until  1S67.  when  lie  re- 
nioved  to  Otsego,  AVright  county,  and  has  since  re- 
sided there.  He  came  from  St.  Paul  to  Dayton, 
crossed  tlie  river  there,  made  his  claim,  and 
hoarded  witli  Kohinson  and  Baxter,  through  the 
winter.  Harvey  Hicks  came  about  one  month 
later  than  Borthwick.  and  bought  the  latter's 
clami  on  section  12.  He  luought  the  tirst  team 
and  wagon  into  this  town,  coming  up  on  the  west 
side  of  the  river  and  cutting  his  road  through  the 
timl)er.  Dennis  Ford,  Alpheus  Jlaseny.  and 
Joseph  Green  came  the  same  fall.  !Maser\y  is 
now  in  ilaine  Prairie,  Stearns  county.  In 
I800,  Mortimer  and  Patrick  Hynes,  Tliomas  Rog- 
ers and  William  Demery.  located  claims  in  the 
nortliern  part  of  the  town.  John  Mitchell  and 
Samuel  Gowell  settled  north  of  the  centre.  John 
Keegan.  wlio  came  the  same  year,  still  resides  in 
the  town.  Others  who  came  about  this  time 
were,  Patrick  Burke  and  Owen  McCalie.  Among 
tliose  who  located  in  the  centi'al  and  southern 
l)(irtiuu  of  the  town  in  18o.5  were.  George  and 
Ariel  Bigelow,  ^V.  Woodman  and  Harvey  S. 
Norton,  who  came  from  Ohio,  and  settled  on  or 
near  section  IH,  on  the  Crow  river.  Their  claims 
embraced  the  small  prairie  tract  pre\iously  re- 
ferred to.  which  gave  it  the  name  it  has  since 
borne.  There  were  no  roads  leaiUng  into  this 
woi id-land  region  then,  and  they  were  forced  to 
cut  their  way  as  they  advanced,  making  but  slow 
progi'ess,  though  onl,\-  stopping  to  remove  such 
obstructions  as  could  neither  be  overcome  or 
avoided.  They  remained  here  but  a  few  years, 
then  removed  to  other  parts.  ^Viiel  Bigelow, 
after  about  six  )ears  residence  here,  removed  to 
Maple  Grove,  thence  to  Minneapolis,  and  later,  to 
his  former  place  in  Ohio.  He  subsequently  re- 
turned to  this  State,  and  is  now  at  Princeton, 
Mille  Lacs  county.  Geo.  Bigelow  left  his  claim 
liere  about  the  same  time,  but  afterwards  re- 
turned and  located  a  little  east  of  the  old  loca- 
tion, from  whicli  he  soon  after  removed  to  San- 
tiago, Sherburne  couutv,  where  he  was  drowned 
several  years  since. 

Early  in  the  year,  Jasper  and  Horatio  Hawk- 
ins settled  near  the  central  part  of  tlie  town,  hav- 
ing first  engaged  in  fanning  in  what  is  now  Crys- 
tal Lake.  They  were  from  England,  and  through 
their  influence  others  were  led  to  seek  homes  in 


this  locality.  Among  them  were  Septimus,  Charles 
and  John  Parslow,  the  tirst  two,  lirothers,  the 
latter  their  nephew.  Henry  Ghostl>  also  arrived 
about  this  time,  and  all  took  claims  in  one  neigh- 
borhood, where  most  of  them  still  reside.  About 
this  tune  the  names  of  Charles  Tucker  and  James 
and  John  Xoon  were  added  to  tlie  brief  roll  of 
pioneers;  tliey  came  from  Ohio,  the  former  from 
Cincinnati.  Ijate  in  the  fall.  Freeman  D.  James 
arrived  from  Xew  York  and  located  on  sectitiii 
fifteen,  where  he  now  resides.  When  he  reached 
Winona,  na\'igation  suddenly  closed,  and  he  was 
forced  to  pursue  his  journey  on  foot,  which  he 
did.  coining  liy  way  of  St.  Paul  and  Dayton. 

EARLY   EVENTS. 

Fii-st  Birth  and  Death.  The  tirst  white  child 
born  within  the  limits  of  the  town  was  a  daugh- 
ter, :Mary,  born  to  Mr.  and  ^Irs.  Geo.  Bigelow 
soon  after  their  arrival  here.  Her  brief  life  ter- 
minated near  Christinas  of  that  vear;  the  first 
gia\ e  succeeduig  the  first  cradle. 

A  Paper  Town.  Early  in  the  summer  of  1855. 
the  excellent  water-power  upon  the  Crow  River, 
on  section  thirteen,  attracted  the  notice  of  Harvey 
S.  Xorton,  and  suggested  the  founding  of  a  vil- 
lage there.  He  accordingly  employed  a  surveyor, 
and  laid  out  a  town  plat  of  fair  proportions,  and 
decided  to  name  it  Hassan,  if  it  was  ever  liorii. 
But  it  never  was:  and  the  uanie  remained  un- 
used until  the  following  year,  when  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  post-offlce,  furnished  an  object  to 
which  it  has  since  attached.  In  the  fall  of  this 
year  occuned  the  first  religious  services,  by  Rev. 
J.  S.  Chamberlain,  rector  of  the  Episcopal  church 
in  Minneayiolis. 

EVENTS  OF  1856-8. 

The  first  year  of  pioneer  work  wrought  noticea- 
ble changes  in  this  forest  region.  Cabins  sprang 
up  as  if  liy  magic,  and  happ\  homes  and  firesides 
were  seen  t)n  every  hand,  where  before  was  ob- 
-sen'ed  naught  save  the  camplire  of  the  red  man, 
or  the  ever-shifting  wigwam,  wliicli  marked  his 
temporary  home. 

With  an  energy  cliaracteristic  of  the  sturdy 
liioneer  element  of  winch  this  commmiity  was 
composed,  a  post-othce  was  secured  in  the  sum- 
mer of  18-56,  and  Septimus  Parslow  received  the 
appointment  of  Postmaster,  the  office  being  at 
liis  residence  on  section  twentv-one. 


HASSAN— ORG ANIZATION^INDIAN  SCARE. 


309 


The  name  designed  for  Norton's  proposed  city 
was  liere  called  into  requisition,  and  Hassan  was 
recorded  in  the  list  of  frontier  post-offices.  The 
lirst  mail  was  received  July  4th,  1856,  and  came 
in  good  old  primitive  style — the  carrier  making 
tlie  trip  on  horseback. 

About  this  time  the  Territorial  road  from  Min- 
neapolis to  ilonticello  was  opened,  and  the  sad- 
dle soon  gave  place  to  a  wlieeled  vehicle,  for  the 
accommodation  of  passengers.  Not  long  after, 
tri-weekly  mail  service  was  secured,  which  has 
since  been  maintained.  The  post  ortice  is  still 
retained  by  Mr.  Parslow. 

The  territorial  road  referred  to  was  the  lirst 
legitimate  outlet  for  this  section,  only  -'trespass 
roads"  existing  before,  and  they,  neither  numer- 
ous or  in  good  condition. 

In  the  year  ]8.5(i,  occurretl  the  hrst  marriage  in 
the  town — that  of  Charles  Tucker  and  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Hawkins.  The  ceremony  was  jierformed  by 
Kev.  J.  S.  Chamberlain.  They  are  yet  living  on 
their  original  claim,  in  section  22. 

The  tirst  school  was  taught  by  Miss  Sarah  Ward, 
in  a  small  log  building,  in  the  west  part  of  town, 
not  far  from  the  present  school-house  in  district 
No.  72,  in  the  year  18.57.  She  was  followed  by 
]SIiss  Helen  Tilton,  the  next  season. 

In  18o7~'8,  this  yoiuig  conimunitx .  in  conmion 
with  otliers,  suffered  severely  from  the  ravages  of 
grasshoppers,  but  have  since  been  spared  from 
such  amioyance.  In  1858,  with  the  admission  of 
the  state,  the  territory  now  embraced  in  this  town 
was  designated  by  the  County  Commissioners,  and 
given  its  iiresent  name — I^ass^ul.  The  town  or- 
ganization occuired  two  years  later. 

ST.  .JOHN'S  CHURCH— Kl'ISCOl'AL. 

This  neat  little  edifice  was  begun  in  18.58,  Init 
not  completed  until  a  later  period.  It  is  loi'ated 
in  section  21,  near  Septimus  Parslow's  residence, 
and  upon  ground  donated  b>-  him  for  that  pur- 
IKise.  The  tract  included  five  acres,  a  portion  of 
which  was  set  apart  for  a  cemetery,  in  which  liave 
been  twenty-one  interments. 

The  history  of  the  society  dates  Ijack  to  the  fall 
of  1855,  when  monthly  services  were  begim  at 
the  residence  of  Septimus  Parslow.  by  Kev.  J.  S. 
Chamberlain,  and  continued  in  this  place  until  the 
building  of  the  clnu'ch,  in  1858.  Tlie  real  organ- 
ization of  the  society  occurretl  on  Kaster  Monday, 


in  the  spring  of  1857,  under  the  rectorship  of  Rev. 
iSIr.  Chamberlain,  who  faithfidly  administered  to 
the  chm-cli  during  the  first  five  years  of  its  organ- 
ization. His  successors  were  Kevs.  U.  B.  Knick- 
erbacker.  William  I'olk,  George  Case,  John  Scott. 
S.  T.  G.  Cnnnp;  and  since  June,  1878,  Rev.  Dr. 
Kidckerbacker  has  had  charge;  assisted  by  Curate 
W.  T.  Pise  to  date  of  June.  1880.  shice  then  by 
Curate  J.  Q.  Bevington.  Bishop  Whipple  has 
held  service  at  irregular  intervals  since  1860.  In 
May,  1858,  Bishop  Kemper,  of  Wisconsin,  visited 
the  society,  and  laid  the  corner-stone  of  the  chm-ch 
edilice.  Seven  memljers  were  added  to  the  chinch 
)i.\  confirmation  during  his  visit  here.  There  was 
then  no  Bishop  in  Minnesota.  The  original  mem- 
bership was  only  four,  wliicli  has  since  increased 
to  fifty.  Monthly  services  are  mauitained,  and 
a  nourishing  Sabbath-school  is  connected  with  the 
chiu'ch. 

TOWN  ORCi.VNIZATION. 

The  meeting  at  which  the  township  organiza- 
tion was  effected,  was  held  April  8,  1860.  No 
special  measiu'es  were  adopted  at  this  meeting, 
beyond  the  usual  transactions  incident  to  a  new 
organization,  anil  the  election  of  the  following  of- 
ficers :  Supervisors,  Gideon  Reeves,  chairman, 
Ilawley  Ilicks,  Richanl  Quinn ;  Town  Clerk,  C. 
.1.  Parslow;  Treasurer,  Septimus  Parslow;  Asses- 
sor, A.  Borthwick :  Justice  of  the  Peace,  Henry 
(ihostly  ;  Constables,  Patrick  Ilynes,  John  Pars- 
low  ;  Superuitendent  of  Schools,  B.  Wright.  The 
latter  resigned  in  July,  and  was  succeeded  by  H. 
C.  Parslow. 

INDIAN   SCAKK. 

In  August,  l.s()2,  the  panic  which  spread  over 
this  entire  region,  at  news  of  the  recent  massacre, 
so  terrified  the  settlers  of  Hassan  that  numbers 
of  them  fled  to  JSIinneapolis,  others  to  Fort  Suell- 
ing,  and  some  e^•en  left  the  state.  About  three 
weeks  after  the  Hrst  scare,  another  rumor  of 
l)utchery  and  bloodshed  was  wafted  to  the  ears 
of  the  partiall>  tpiieted  citizens,  and  another  panic 
ensued.  It  was  of  short  duration,  however,  and 
the  "troubled  waters"  soon  resumed  their  wonted 
tran(iuilit\'. 

I'ATUdNS  OF  HUSliANDItY. 

In  the  winter  of  1873-4,  a  Grange  was  organ- 
ized, whose  membership  soon  reached  forty,  but 
though^well  attended   for  a  time,   soon  lost   its 


310 


EISTOBY  OF  HENKEPIN  COUNTY. 


original  interest,  and  in  1878  was  wholly  aban- 
doned. 

PRESENT  Ol'TLOOK. 

By  slow  but  steady  piogiess,  Hassan  has  reached 
a  degree  of  development  in  sti-iking  contrast  with 
earlier  conditions  noted  m  this  chapter,  as  the 
following  statistics,  gleaned  fi'om  the  official  re- 
ports of  1880  will  show.  The  assessed  value  of 
lands  is  given  at  $191,610  ;  of  pereonal  property, 
822,333,  on  which  taxes  were  levied  to  the  amount 
of  $1,918.  The  population  of  the  township  is 
735. 

Five  school  houses  are  located  at  convenient 
tlistances,  affording  the  ordinaiy  facilities  for  a 
common  school  education.  District  Xo.  72,  has 
a  frame  building  on  section  19,  near  the  site  of 
the  first  school  in  the  town.  The  building  is  of 
moderate  dimensions,  and  m  good  condition.  The 
other  school  buildings  are:  District  Xo.  73,  house 
in  section  21,  log  building;  Xo.  69,  on  section 
24,  frame  house  in  good  condition;  Xo.  70,  frame 
house  on  section  11,  above  the  average  size  of 
country  school  houses,  and  in  line  condition ; 
and  Xo.  68,  on  section  35 — joint  district  witli  Cor- 
coran— frame  house,  small,  but  in  fair  condition. 

A  Town  Ilall  is  conveniently  situated  in  sec- 
tion 21 ,  opposite  the  residence  of  Charles  Pars- 
low. 

A  saw-mUl  is  about  being  put  in  operation  in 
section  eighteen,  on  Crow  Eiver,  by  A.  Berning. 
whose  residence  is  on  the  opposite  shore,  in 
Wright  county,  an  enterprise  that  can  not  fail  to 
gieatly  benefit  the  farmers  of  the  adjacent  ter- 
ritoi-y,  upon  whose  farms  may  be  found  an  ex- 
cellent quality  of  hard  wood  for  lumber,  square 
timber,  etc. 

Thus  is  briefly  given  a  sketch  of  the  settlement 
and  rapid  growth  of  the  town,  which  closes  with 
the  following  list  of  to-«ii  oflicers  for  1880:  Su- 
pen-isors,  John  Russell,  chairman,  Charles  J. 
Ghostly,  Thomas  Flynn;  Clerk,  C.  J.  Parslow; 
Treasurer,  Charles  Tucker:  Assessor,  G.  Jackins; 
Justice  of  the  Peace.  Jasper  S.  Hawkins;  Con- 
stable, Edward  Tucker. 

BIOGRAPHICAI,. 

Aaron  Hoag,  a  native  of  New  Hampshue,  was 
bom  in  1806.  In  1835  he  moved  to  Bangor, 
Maine,  and  followed  teammg  for  twelve  years ; 


then  he  bought  a  farm  at  South  Gardner,  which  he 
occupied  for  six  years.  In  1858  he  came  with  his 
youngest  daughter  to  ^Minnesota,  prospecting — 
and  in  1859  bought  part  of  the  land  he  now  lives 
on.  The  same  year  his  family  sold  out  and 
joined  him.  He  maiTied  in  1830,  Annie  Wig- 
gins. They  have  four  children.  His  son  Charles 
lives  with  him  and  was  manied  December  1877, 
to  Mary  A.  Inveen.  Their  children  are  George 
and  Ida. 

.  Horatio  Hawkins,  a  native  of  England,  was 
bom  in  1827.  He  learned  the  ti-ade  of  shoemak- 
ing.  In  1853  he  emigi'ated  to  America,  moved 
to  Mimiesota  and  settled  in  Crjstal  Lake.  In 
1856  he  came  to  Hassan,  and  in  1858  made  a 
claim,  where  he  has  suice  lived.  In  1864  he  en- 
listed in  Eleventh  ^Mimiesota,  Company  G,  went 
south  and  was  discharged  ni  Jime,  1865.  He  was 
married  in  England  to  ^Martha  Powell,  in  the  year 
1850.    They  have  five  children  Living. 

Jasper  Hawkins  was  bom  in  England,  in  1829. 
He  emigi'ated  to  America  in  1853,  and  moved 
directly  to  St.  Anthony,  where  he  worked  as 
clerk  eighteen  months,  for  John  G.  Lennon.  In 
1854  he  bought  a  claim  in  Crystal  Lake,  and  held 
it  fifteen  mouths.  Made  a  claim  in  Hassan  in 
1855,  and  has  since  lived  here.  In  1862  he  en- 
listed in  Xinth  ^Minnesota,  Company  B,  was 
clerk  in  Quartermastei-s  department  a  few 
months,  and  was  then  ordered  to  General  Com- 
mandery  Central  District  of  ^lissouri ;  joined  his 
regiment  as  clerk  for  Col.  Marsh,  until  discharged 
at  Davenport,  Iowa,  in  1865.  He  was  maiTiedin 
1869,  to  Alice  M.  ^Slattey.  Four  children  have 
been  born  to  tliem. 

Freeman  D.  James  was  lioru  in  Chautauqua 
county,  Xew  York,  in  1822,  where  he  lived  twen- 
tv-seven  years,  much  of  the  time  engaged  in  lum- 
bering. He  w-ent  to  California  in  1853,  met  with 
considerable  success,  and  returned  to  Xew  York. 
In  1855  he  came  to  ^limiesota  and  settled  hi  the 
town  of  Hassan,  where  he  now  lives.  He  has 
served  the  town  as  supenisor  and  constable.  In 
September,  1864,  he  enlisted  in  Second  Battery, 
^Mimiesota  volunteers,  was  mustered  out  in  July, 
1865,  at  St,  Paul,  and  returned  to  his  farm.  He 
manied,  in  1843,  Mary  B,  Strong,  who  died  Feb- 
ruary, 1876,  leaving  three  children.  Mr.  James 
I  has  done  much  for  the  cause  of  education. 


GBEEN  WOOD— E ABLY  HISTORY. 


311 


GREENWOOD. 


CHAPTEK  L. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION — EAULY  HISTORY — OLD 
SETTLERS — ORGANIZATION — CHURCHES  AND 
BUILDINGS— SCHOOLS— STATISTICAL— ROSTER 
—BIOGRAPHICAL. 

This  town  embraces  that  portion  of  township 
119  north,  range  24  west,  lying  east  of  Crow 
river.  It  was  set  apart  by  the  connty  com- 
missioners April  10th,  1858,  and  named  from 
the  village  then  located  in  the  south-western 
part.  The  origin  of  the  name  was  the  charming 
appearance  of  the  wood-lands,  as  seen  by  the  first 
settlers,  ui  the  early  days  of  summer. 

The  surface  is  broken  and  hilly,  and  covered 
with  a  heavy  growth  of  hard  wood  timber,  inter- 
spersed by  a  few  small  tracts  of  marsh-land. 
The  soil,  as  in  other  timbered  portions,  is  a  dark 
loam  with  clay  subsoil,  the  lightest  portion  being 
found  near  the  old  site  of  the  village.  A  few 
small  lakes  are  found  in  the  central  portion  of 
the  town,  and  in  the  southern  part,  and  lying 
partly  in  Independence,  are  lakes  Sarah  and  Re- 
becca, of  larger  proportions.  The  former  is 
about  three  miles  long,  and  finds  an  outlet  to  the 
Crow  river  through  Edgar  creek.  The  latter  is 
about  one  mile  in  length,  and  connected  with  the 
Crow  river  by  a  small  stream  naming  through 
the  north-western  part  of  Independence,  and 
the  extreme  south-western  part  of  Greenwood, 
where  it  unites  with  the  main  stream. 

EARLY  HISTORY. 

Although  separated  from  the  Mississippi,  the 
only  course  of  travel  at  that  date,  by  miles  of 
dense  woodland  and  morass,  this  town  was  among 
the  tirst  in  the  county  to  attract  the  attention  of 
pioneer  settlers.  The  flrst  claims  were  made  in 
the  northern  part  of  the  town  ui  18.54.  Among 
these  early  claimants  was  Mathias  Ilarff,  who  lo- 
cated on  section  1 ,  and  opened  a  farm  upon  which 


he  lived  till  1866,  then  sold,  and  purchased  a 
farm  on  section  10,  where  he  still  resides.  Mr. 
Hai-ff  is  without  doubt  the  oldest  living  settler 
in  Greenwood.  His  coming  was  illustrative  of 
the  rugged  pathway,  by  which  so  many  have 
reached  their  present  easy,  though  perhaps  not 
happier,  condition,  and  of  that  determined  energy- 
and  courage,  to  which  the  county  owes  its  present 
growth  and  prosperity.  He  gave  one  of  the  two 
sacks  of  Hour  which  constituted  his  principal 
commissary  stock,  to  a  teamster  in  exchange  for 
transportation  from  St.  Paul  to  Dayton,  then 
took  his  wife  and  aged  mother  in  a  "  dug  out."' 
and  '-paddled  his  owTi  canoe"  up  the  Crow  river 
to  the  nearest  accessible  point  to  his  claim,  from 
where  the  remainder  of  the  journey  was  per- 
formed on  foot.  Here,  in  a  small,  rude  cabin, 
subsisting  chiefly  upon  wild  game,  and  with  no 
implements  but  an  a.\  and  conunou  giaib  hoe,  he 
liegan  the  difficult  task  of  opening  a  farm  in  this 
almost  unknown  forest.  His  success  in  over- 
coming the  manifold  difficulties  which  beset  his 
patlnva>-.  and  the  degree  of  prosperity  to  which 
he  has  attamed,  furnish  a  noteworthy  example  of 
the  unfailing  reward  of  persistent  energy  and 
perseverence.  Mr.  Harff  has  been  identified  with 
the  growth  and  developement  of  the  town,  and 
was  one  of  its  supervisors  for  several  years. 

The  first  settlers  in  the  south  part  of  the  town 
were  E.  O.  Newton,  Thomas  Holmes,  J.  M.  Burt, 
Robert  Kemiedy,  Samuel  Allen,  Matthew  anil 
Albert  Taisey-aiul  Messrs.  IJucklin  and  Chase,  all 
of  whom  settled  in  or  near  the  south-west  part  of 
the  town,  earlj  in  1855.  Mr.  Newton  came  fiom 
Massachusetts,  sl()i)piMg  a  short  time  at  Chaska, 
from  which  point  he  came  to  Greenwood  tlie  last 
of  March,  with  an  ox  team  and  an  old-fashioned 
wood-shod  sled.  In  Febrnan-  previous,  he  had 
visited  the  locality  and  selected  his  claim,  as  had 
also  the  others  named.  He  wearied  of  fi'ontier 
life  after  about  a  year's  experience,  and  returned 


81: 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


to  liis  former  home  iii  the  old  Bay  State.  Those 
from  Shakopee  arrived  in  Ma\ .  18.55,  and  tlienext 
montli  the  town  was  suhdivided  uito  sections,  by 
govenmient  suney.  Othere  who  came  hi  May 
were  James  D.  Yoiuiil.  "WiUiam  C.  Gould  and 
John  B.  Edgar,  the  former  bringing  the  tirst  wag- 
on to  this  part  of  the  eounti-y.  In  September  of 
tliis  year,  John  F.  Powers  and  A.  AV.  Dorman 
settled  in  the  south-west  part  of  the  town,  near  the 
Crow  river.  Other  settlers  of  I800  were  Robert 
Gustine.  A.  S.  Lindsay,  Hemy  Greeling  and  Au- 
gust Kiihnn.  Among  those  who  came  soon  after, 
were  George  F.  Ames.  Thomas  R.  Briggs.  An- 
drew Thompson  and  his  widowed  sister.  ^SIi-s.  Ann 
Cunningham,  Chi-istian  Sipe,  Carl  Hafften,  Benja- 
min La\M"ence,  Martin  Conzet,  "W.  ^y.  Hall,  Adam 
Hohensteui,  Albert  Roberts.  ^\.  P.  C.  Hawk,  L. 
Allai-s,  Nathaniel  Moore  and  John  O'Mera,  some 
of  whom  figure  conspicuously  in  the  histori-  of  the 
town  and  deserve  even  more  than  the  further  men- 
tion yet  in  reseiTe  ui  these  pages.  Before  entering 
into  fiuther  personal  detail,  however,  it  isnecessai'y 
to  devote  some  space  to  the  rise  and  fall  of  the 
ephemeral  "  city,""  which  now  exists  only  in  tradi- 
tion. In  the  early  winter  of  1856-7,  the  few  \\ho 
came  from  Shakopee  surveyed  and  platted  about 
2(tO  acres  on  the  south  bank  of  Crow  river,  wliicli 
was  duly  recorded  as  tlie  •■  City  of  Greenwood."" 
and  in  token  of  tlie  sincerity  of  their  intentions, 
those  residing  within  the  corporate  limits,  proceed- 
ed to  tlie  election  of  the  following  officers  :  flavor. 
Matthew  Taisey;  Councilmen,  Samuel  Allen. 
Robert  Gustme,  John  F.  Powers;  Recorder.  A. 
S.  Lindsay;  Marshal,  James  D.  Yomig. 

The  tirst  habitable  house  on  the  town  site  was 
built  by  Matthew  and  Albert  Taisey  m  1855. 
The  next  year  J.  il.  Burt  opened  a  general  store, 
in  which  a  thriving  business  was  carried  on  for 
some  time.  After  about  a  year  he  sold  to  Albert 
Taisey,  and  he  to  Thos.  R.  Briggs,  who  closed 
out  the  stock  in  the  fall  of  1858. 

In  the  winter  of  1856-7  large  quantities  of  logs 
were  hauled  to  the  site  of  a  contemplated  saw- 
mill, on  the  bank  of  the  Crow  river.  The  mill 
was  never  built,  however,  and  the  logs  were  re- 
moved and  used  for  other  purposes,  or  perished 
from  age  and  exposure. 

In  1857,  a  mill  was  built  on  the  north  side  of 
the  Crow  river,  opposite  Greenwood,  to  which 
fact  was  due  the  failure  of  the  project  just  noted. 


A  town  site  was  also  platted,  l)ut  never  recorded, 
and  the  subsequent  k)cation  of  the  village  of 
Rockford,  effectually  strangled  this  projected  bor- 
ough. 

Of  couree  Greenwood  needed  a  hotel,  and  so  a 
commodious  edifice  was  erected  by  Matthew  and 
Albert  Taisey,  and  given  the  euphonious  title. 
"Beaver  House.""  In  1862,  when  the  Indian 
"scare"  was  at  its  height,  the  settlers  converted 
this  into  a  fortress,  and  for  their  lietter  protection 
in  case  of  an  attack,  tamarac  poles  were  brought, 
and  a  stockade  built,  inclosing  outbuildings  and 
stable,  and  allowing  space  for  teams  and  stock. 
Several  families  from  AVright  cotuity  nestled 
under  the  protecting  wings  of  this  fort,  in  addi- 
tion to  those  of  Greenwood,  and  occasional  de- 
tachments of  cavalry  from  Fort  Snelling  halted 
here  while  scorning  the  coimtiy  for  traces  or  tid- 
ings of  the  enemy,  ilany  of  the  first  historic 
events  of  the  town  occurred  within  tlie  limits  of 
the  city. 

In  the  spruig  of  IS06,  the  first  school  was 
taught  in  a  small  building  erected  by  a  :Mr.  Peas- 
ley,  as  a  residence,  and  jestingly  called  ■■Peasley"s 
Hall.""  The  estimable  lady  to  whom  is  due  the 
credit  of  first  dkecting  the  youthful  muids  of  this 
infant  community,  was  ^liss  Ruth  A.  Powers, 
daughter  of  Jt)hn  F.  Powers,  and  now  Mrs.  Jas. 
D.  Yoimg,  of  Delano.  AVright  county. 

The  next  to  preside  over  this  earh  band  of 
students,  was  Miss  ilary  Ball,  daughter  of  Mrs. 
A.  ^y.  Dorman,  by  a  former  husband.  In  the 
fall  of  1856,  occurred  the  first  death,  and  the  first 
grave  made  by  white  men  was  opened  to  receive 
the  remains  of  an  infant  daughter  of  Mr.  and  !Mrs. 
Samuel  Allen.     The  little  one's  name  was  Jennie. 

The  firet  preaching  m  town  was  in  the  whiter  of 
1856-7,  by  Rev.  Charles  Galpm,  of  Excelsior,  at 
the  residence  of  Jolm  F.  Powers.  The  same  win- 
ter. Rev.  Mr.  Camp,  an  invalid  spending  the  win- 
ter at  Excelsior,  held  religious  senices  at  the 
home  of  ^Ir.  Powers,  on  se\eral  occasions. 

Ill  1857,  the  census  showed  the  population  of 
the  city  as  seventy-six. 

In  this  year  occurred  the  first  marriage.  James 
D.  Young  and  Miss  Ruth  A.  Powers,  the  marriage 
dating  September  17th,  1857.  They  are  now  liv- 
ing in  Delano,  and  their  eldest  daughter.  ;Miss 
Katie,  is  remembered  as  the  first  white  child  born 
in  Greenwood, herbirth  occurring  June  15th.  1860. 


QBEENWOOD—THE  OLD  SETTLERS. 


313 


About  1857,  lifter  considerable  effort  on  the 
part  of  the  citizens,  a  post-office  was  established 
at  Greenwood,  and  Albert  Taisey  appointed  post- 
master. Soon  after,  it  passed  into  the  hands  of 
^Ir.  Powers,  who  retained  it  until  his  removal 
from  Greenwot)d.  in  1868,  when  he  left  it  with 
his  deputy,  Mrs.  Taisey.  She  had  charge  initil 
18(59,  when  it  was  discontinued. 

In  1857  a  society  known  as  the  Independent 
Order  Jfobilium  Fratrum,  was  organized  in 
Greenwood,  and  reached  a  large  membership  in  a 
short  time.  It  was  a  select  organization,  its  prin- 
cipal tenets  being  fraternal  fellowship,  and  the 
promotion  of  literature  and  music. 

A  lyeeum  was  started  abotit  tlie  same  time. 
and  was  well  sustained  for  a  season.  In  18oH 
both  it  and  the  I.  O.  X.  F.  withered  and  died 
from  lack  of  vital  force. 

The  village  of  Kockford  was  founded  about 
1857,  and  proved  a  fatal  drain  upon  the  young 
city,  whose  auspicious  opening  bore  iimmise  of  a 
better  fortune. 

Thus,  one  by  one  its  roses  faded,  until  the  lo- 
cation of  the  Saint  Paul  and  Pacific  Eailroad,  at 
some  distance  south  of  the  town,  gave  the  last 
fatal  blow,  aud  the  "  City  of  Greenwood"  was 
nund)ered  with  the  things  that  were. 

Some  recompense  for  this  loss,  however,  is 
found  in  the  establishment  of  Rockford,  a  thriv- 
ing village  situated  on  the  oi)posite  side  of  the 
river,  about  a  mile  below  the  old  site  of  (ireeu- 
Wdod.  whicli  not  only  affords  a  trading  point,  liut 
lias  good  llotn-  and  lumber  mills,  and  on  llie 
(ireenwood  side,  a  hue  woolen  factory,  which  is 
yearly  gaining  in  pulilic  favoi'. 

TIIK  OLD  SETTLEKS. 

Some  further  recognition  is  due  the  pioneer  set- 
tlers of  Greenwood,  and  a  brief  record  of  their 
fortiuies  can  not  fail  to  interest  the  general  reader. 
Thomas  Holmes  was  a  man  of  unusual  energy 
aud  activity.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
Janesville,  Wisconsin,  and  later  of  Shakopee. 
this  state.  He  also  ligured  (|uite  iimmiueutly  iu 
the  early  develoiunent  of  the  cities  of  Milwaukee 
and  Cliicago.  lie  made  several  trips  to  Montana, 
as  guide  to  emigrant  companies.  He  is  now  liv- 
ing in  northern  (-ieorgia. 

John  M.  Burt  is  now  a  resident  of  Chemung 
county.  New  York.     He  visited  this  section  about 


three  years  ago,  and  could  but  marvel  at  the 
changes  time  had  wnniglit  during  his  absence. 

Samuel  Allen  is  now  a  resident  of  Howard 
Lake.  Wright  county.  Kennedy,  Buckliii  and 
Chase  never  became  residents  here,  although 
largely  interested  iu  tlie  town  site.  Mathew  Tai- 
sey is  now  in  Missouri,  whither  he  removed  sev- 
eral years  suice.  Alljert  Taisey  removed  to  Lake 
City,  and  has  distuignished  himself  as  a  promi- 
nent organizer  of  societies  of  the  Labor  League 
throughout  the  state,  notably  so  during  the  year 
1 880.  A  brother  of  Albert  (Milton  Nobles  Taisey) 
is  well  remembered  Ijy  the  old  settlers  of  Green- 
wood, as  an  active  yomig  man,  with  more  appar- 
ent relish  for  the  city  than  the  forest.  His  dra- 
matic talent  led  him  to  seek  a  place  behind  tlie 
footliglits.  and  for  that  puiiiose  he  left  the  rural 
Ixime.  and  for  a  lime  was  lost  to  his  former  friends 
aud  associates:  but  a  few  years  ago  lie  appeared 
as  tlie  manager  of  a  theatrical  troupe,  under  the 
name  of  Milton  Nobles,  having  dropped  the  family 
name,  Taisey. 

John  B.  Edgar  dieil  on  his  farm  east  of  the  old 
town  site  about  eight  years  ago. 

Greo.  F.  Ames  made  a  claim  opposite  the  pres- 
ent \illage  of  Kockford  in  the  fall  of  1855,  and 
moved  his  family  here  early  the  following  year. 
The  first  year  ov  two  lie  lived  on  tlie  Rockford 
side,  but  afterward  liuilt  a  house  on  the  Green- 
wood side,  where  he  lived,  leading  an  active 
life  until  his  death  in  the  fall  of  1878.  It  was 
his  cajiital  and  energy  that  built  and  put  iu 
operation  the  Kockford  Mills,  to  which  the  place 
is  largely  indebted  for  its  present  growth  and 
prosperity.  He  also  built  the  first  carding-mill, 
which  has  since  developed  into  tlie  present  Rock- 
ford Woolen  Mills.  He  first  built  a  small  shop 
for  general  work,  and  put  iu  machinery  for  turn- 
ing broom-handles  and  other  light  articles.  To 
this  he  soon  addeda  carding-machine,  from  which 
small  beginning  the  factory  has  grown.  Mrs. 
Ames  still  occupies  the  old  homestead,  from 
which  pleasant  location  can  be  seen  the  monu- 
ments of  her  deceased  partner's  industry  and  en- 
terprise. 

John  F.  Powers  remained  at  Greenwood  iiiifil 
ISHS,  when  he  removed  to  Delano.  Wright  county, 
at  the  time  the  railroad  reached  that  place,  and 
opened  the  first  hotel  at  that  station.  The  build- 
ing was  moved  from  Greenwood,  and  did  ser\ice 


314 


mSTOBT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


at  its  new  location  until  supplanted  by  one  of 
more  generous  proiwrtions.  Mr.  Powers  is  still  a 
resilient  of  Delano,  tliough  not  actively  engaged 
in  business. 

Jas.  D.  Yoimg.  removed  to  :Minneapolis  in 
]8o7,  remaining  something  more  than  a  year-, 
during  which  time  he  was  largely  engaged 
in  suneyiug  and  platting  in  tlie  city,  west  of  the 
river.  In  1858  he  retmned  to  Greenwood,  and  in 
1862.  purcha.sed  a  farm  south  of  the  town  site, 
upon  wliich  he  resided  until  1871,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Delano,  and  rented  the  hotel  of  John 
F.  Powers.  lie  afterward  purchased  the  building, 
and  in  1879.  built  in  its  stead  the  tine  hotel  he 
now  occupies. 

Wm.  C.  Gould  has  remained  hi  the  town  since 
his  tiret  coming,  except  a  short  residence  in  Kock- 
ford.  during  the  war.  He  is  now  located  on  a  farm 
on  section  28.  west  of  Rockford.  L.  Allais  re- 
moved to  Rockford  some  years  since,  and  in  1876 
built  and  opened  the  Centennial  Hotel,  which  he 
still  occupies.  Thos.  R.  Briggs  removed  to 
"Wright  coimty,  and  is  now  a  prominent  lawyer  at 
Howard  Lake.  Andrew  Thompson,  still  owns  a 
fine,  well  cultivated  farm  on  section  28,  east  of 
Rockford,  but  has  removed  with  his  family  to  the 
west  part  of  the  State,  where  he  and  his  sons  have 
seemed  quite  a  large  tract  of  land,  which  they  are 
fast  developing  mto  a  fine  gi-ain  and  stock  farm. 
Christian  Sipe  is  stiU  a  resident  of  the  town, 
and  in  the  enjoyment  of  the  comforts  secm-ed  by 
his  early  effort  and  enteiiirise. 

AV.  ^y.  Hall  is  pleasantly  located  on  the  north 
shore  of  Lake  Sarah,  section  34.  He  has  been  an 
active  member  of  the  community,  and  always  in- 
terested in  matters  pertaining  to  the  welfare  of 
the  town. 

Martin  Conzet  has  also  been  one  of  the  active 
citizens  of  the  to\vn,  and  is  now  pleasantly  located 
near  the  south  line  of  section  33. 

W.  P.  C.  Hawk  removed  several  years  ago  to 
AVright  count>".  and  is  now  a  farmer  near  "Wil- 
mar.  Kandiyohi  county. 

Adam  Hohenstein  located  on  section  11,  where 
he  now  resides  upon  his  original  claim,  which  his 
industry  has  developed  into  one  of  the  best  farms 
in  the  town. 

Nathaniel  Moore  first  located  near  the  present 
\-illage  of  Cokato,  hi  Wright  county,  and  the  ti-act 
since  known  as  Moore's  Prairie,  stiU  senses  to  per- 


petuate the  remembrance  of  this  sturdy  pioneer, 
and  lionored  citizen.  Two  of  liis  sons,  A.  P.  and 
Henry,  are  still  residents  of  "Wright  coimty,  and 
among  its  most  prominent  citizens.  Their  father 
removed  to  Greenwood  at  an  early  date,  and  set- 
tled on  section  27,  where  he  died  several  years 
since.  His  widow  still  occupies  the  old  home- 
stead. 

Mi-s.  Anil  Cuimingham  stiU  occupies  the  old 
place  on  section  28.  and  her  declining  years  are 
rendered  pleasant  by  the  faithful  care  and  solici- 
tude of  her  son,  John  Cunningham,  who  also 
ranks  among  the  early  settlere,  and  has,  for  seve- 
ral yeai's  past,  held  the  office  of  town  clerk. 

Henn-  Greeluig,  on  section  10,  is  among  the 
earliest  settlers,  and  has  always  been  active  in  ad- 
vancmg  the  general  interests  of  the  community, 
and  holds  a  prominent  place  in  the  Gennan  ele- 
ment of  the  town. 

Carl  Haflten  settled  on  section  23,  near  the  lake 
which  bears  liis  name.  Adjoining  his  farm  is  that 
of  Clulstian  Scheudel,  whose  land  also  borders  upon 
a  lake  bearing  his  name,  and  connected  with  Haff- 
ten  Lake  by  small  stream  of  about  eighty  rods 
lengtli. 

Benjamin  Lawrence  settled  ou  section  34.  and 
has  since  opened  up  ttoee  other  fanns.  finally  set- 
tUng  upon  his  present  place,  on  section  28.  Few, 
if  any,  of  the  early  settlers  can  recall  more  bard- 
ships  or  privations  endured  than  his  record  shows, 
among  which  was  the  total  loss  of  his  household 
goods,  provisions,  etc..  by  fire,  which  destroyed 
his  bouse  whUe  the  family  were  absent  from  home. 

John  O'Mera  came  here  early  in  1858.  first  rent- 
ing a  farm  for  one  year,  then  purchasing  his  pres- 
ent farm,  on  section  28.  He  has  held  the  office 
of  Supervisor  for  two  years.  Town  clerk  fifteen 
years,  and  Clerk  of  his  school  district  for  eighteen 
yeai's.  His  farm  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  comity. 
and  he  is  fast  gaining  prominence  as  a  successfiU 
stock  grower,  to  wliich  his  principal  attention  is 
now  given. 

A.  B.  Dorniau  is  comfortably  located  on  section 
31,  the  only  remainmg  one  of  the  original  settlers 
on  the  old  towii  site  of  the  defiuict  city  of  Green- 
wood, and  the  ground  once  designed  for  a  busy 
mait  is  tiuiied  by  his  plow-share,  in  the  cultiva- 
tion of  his  farm,  of  which  it  foims  a  part.  About 
one-half  the  original  plat  is  included  in  his  farm; 
the  balance  is  owned  by  other  parties.    Mr.  Dor- 


GREENWOOD— ORGANIZATION— CHUBCHE8,  ETC. 


315 


man  has  been  almost  constantly  in  the  service  of 
the  town  in  some  official  capacity,  serving  as  super- 
visor for  several  years,  and  Jnstice  of  the  Peace 
for  the  past  twenty  years,  besides  his  official  con- 
nection with  tlie  public  schools.  In  lS40,he  mar- 
ried Mrs.  Susan  C.  Northup,  who  lias  borne  him 
three  children  :  Homer  "W.,  Harriet  E.,  and  Willie 
N.  Of  these,  Harriet  E.  married  O.  C.  Willcutt, 
and,  in  1870,  died.  Homer  is  now  on  the  farm 
with  his  father,  as  is  also  Willie,  who  is  mamed. 
Mr.  Dorman  is  now  seventy  years  old,  but  in  the 
full  possession  of  his  faculties,  and  as  genial  a 
companion  as  in  the  earlier  days  of  his  man- 
hood. 

A.  J.  Robeils  settled  his  family  liere  as  early  as 
1857,  but  did  not  settle  down  to  farming,  himself, 
until  about  1864,  being  engaged  in  trapping  and 
tradbig  previous  to  that  date.  Albert  Roberts, 
his  son,  settled  here  in  1866,  and  soon  became  one 
of  the  prominent  public  men  of  the  town.  He 
has  twice  been  elected  chairman  of  the  town 
board,  eight  times  elected  assessor,  and  was  the 
census  enumerator  for  his  town  in  the  years  187.5 
and  1880.  In  the  fall  of  1880.  he  was  elected  as 
representative  of  liis  district  to  the  state  legisla- 
ture, on  the  Kepublican  ticket. 

TOAVN  ORGANIZATION. 

Like  most  of  tlie  towns  throughout  tlie  count) . 
Greenwood  hastened  to  embrace  the  privilege  af- 
forded by  the  admission  of  the  state,  and  a  legal 
organization  was  effected  at  a  meeting  held  on  the 
nth  of  May,  1858,  at  whicli  the  following  officers 
were  elected:  SupeiTisors.  J.  R.  Ames,  chahinan, 
H.  G.  Fen-ell,  William  C.  Hawk  ;  Clerk,  Thomas 
R.  Briggs;  Assessor,  Benjamin  Lawrence;  Col- 
lector, R.  W.  Currier ;  Justices,  D.  R.  Farnham 
and  Clinton  Howe  ;  Constables,  John  O'Mera  and 
Volney  S.  Britt ;  Overseer  of  Poor,  Andrew 
Thompson.  Tlie  town  expenses  for  the  first  year 
were  $115.  Several  of  the  above  list  of  officers 
are  now  residents  of  Wright  county,  a  few  only 
remaining  in  Greenwood. 

CHTJRCHE.S. 

Tlie  American  element  of  (iieeiiwood  mainly 
find  church  affiUiation  at  Rockford.  Tlie  Ger- 
man element  is  aliout  equally  divided  between 
the  Lutheran,  and  Methodist  churches,  and  both 
have  erected  houses  of  worship. 


CHURCH  BUILDINGS. 

The  German  Methodist  society  have  a  comfort- 
able building  on  section  12,  erected  about  eight 
years  since.  The  society  is  quite  numerous,  and 
weekly  service  is  maintained  in  their  church. 

The  Lutheran  church,  on  section  11,  was  built 
four  jears  ago.  It  is  a  commodious  wood  struct- 
ure, and  furnishes  ample  room  for  tlie  congi-ega- 
tion  wliich  assembles  for  seiTice  each  Sabbath. 
A  parsonage  has  been  erected  near  the  church,  on 
the  opposite  side  of  tlie  road,  and  on  the  north  is 
the  cemetery,  estaijlished  about  tlie  time  the 
society  was  organized. 

SCHOOLS. 

From  the  little  baud  of  juveniles  who  formed 
the  first  school,  in  1856.  the  mcreased  population 
now  supports  four  entire  school  districts,  and 
sliares  jointly  with  two  others  located  mainly  in 
lnde|)endence.  District  No.  76  has  a  good  school 
building  on  section  28;  District  No.  77,  on  section 
25;  District  No.  75,  on  section  14;  and  District 
No.  74,  on  section  12. 

STATISTICAL. 

Greenwood  has  an  area  of  13,460  acres,  the 
assessed  valuation  of  which  is  ?157,947.  Its  per- 
sonal propeity  is  assessed  at  $20,088,  and  its  taxes 
for  ISSO  were  SI  .9-56,  all  showing  a  healthy  de- 
velopment since  its  first  settlement  in  the  not 
distant  past. 

OFKICI.iL  ROSTEIi. 

The  oflicers  elected  for  1880  were:  Supervisors. 
George  W.  SlieUey,  chairman,  John  Jacobs  and 
Matliias  Ilaiff;  Clerk,  John  Cunningham;  Asses- 
sor, A.  Roberts;  Justices,  A.  ^V.  Dorman  and 
Ephriam  Sipe;  Constables,  George  Shelley  and 
Geo.  Ilohenstein. 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

JSlartin  Conzet,  a  native  of  Switzerland,  was 
l)orn  in  the  year  1829,  and  emigiated  to  America 
in  1847.  He  worked  at  the  carpenter's  trade  in 
Dubuque,  Iowa,  six  years,  removed  to  St.  An- 
tliony  in  1S.53,  and  worked  at  carpentery  and  cab- 
inet-making until  1856,  when  he  kept  a  boarding 
house.  Tlie  same  year  he  made  a  claim,  where  he 
now  lives.  He  was  elected  constable  at  St.  An- 
thony in  18.55,  and  lield  the  office  two  years;  has 
lield  the  office  of  town  assessor  ten  years.  At 
tlie  ^Vright  comity  fair,  the  family  made  fort\- 


31$ 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


tteee  enti-ies  and  received  eleven  premiums.  He 
was  married  in  1852,  to  Elizabeth  Beaiu-hlein. 
Tliey  liave  seven  ehiUlren. 

\V.  W.  Hall  was  born  in  Quebec  Canada,  in 
ISoii :  moved  to  Minnesota  in  ISoo.  and  settled  on 
a  farm  in  Independence :  sold  it  in  1866,  iuid 
bought  the  one  he  now  occupies.  During  the 
Indian  troubles  he  moved  to  Rockford  and 
worked  on  the  stockade,  which  was  built  for  pro- 
tection of  tlie  settlei-s.  He  assisted  in  organizing 
the  town  of  Independence,  and  held  the  oliice  of 
supervisor  for  two  yeare,  and  one  year  in  (Jreen- 
wood.  He  is  now  manufacturing  amber  cane 
s\Tup.  Married  in  18o4.  to  Harriet  Bisho]>.  Tliey 
liave  nine  children. 

Adam  Hohenstein  was  l)orn  in  (.Jerniaux .  in  1 832. 
and  emigrated  to  America  m  1850.  He  was  en- 
gaged three  yeai's  in  the  baker's  trade,  in  Xew 
York;  worked  at  farming  in  McIIemy  county, 
Illinois,  three  years :  then  nio\ed  to  Miimesota  in 
1856,  and  located  on  his  i)resent  farm.  He  has 
been  town  supervisor  eleven  yeai's,  town  clerk 
seven  yeai's.  and  treasurer  two  >  eai's.  He  was 
drafted  in  1864.  and  ordered  to  l'ompaii>  A.  Third 
ilinnesota  :  was  mustered  out  in  IStio.  lie  was 
married  in  1858,  to  Caroline  Glaser.  They  have 
seven  children  living. 

tJeorge  Hohenstein  was  born  in  (■ierniau).  in 
1848,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  this  counti'y 
four  years  hiter.  The>  remained  in  Xew  York 
until  1854.  w  ben  tliey  removed  to  Illinois,  and  in 
1861  came  to  Minnesota,  and  located  on  their 
present  farm.  He  was  married  in  1M78.  to  Miss 
Louisa  Bechtle.  of  Germany.  They  have  foiu' 
children :  Ida.'  Martha.  Lotiisa  and  Christian. 
Mr.  Hohenstein  has  held  the  olHce  of  constable 
for  eight  yeai's. 

Carl  Ilafften  was  born  in  tTermany  in  1.S28. 
His  father  died  in  1849.  and  in  1852.  Carl  went 
with  his  mother  to  Canada.  In  1857.  they  moved 
to  Minnesota,  and  settled  in  Green-nood.  where  he 
has  since  lived.  He  has  a  fine  farm  located  near 
lakes  Ilafften  and  Scheudel.  He  has  l)een  engaged, 
for  tlie  past  ti\e  seasons,  in  the  manufacture  t)f 
Amlier  Cane  Syrap,  turning  out  from  eight  him- 
dred  to  one  thousand  gallons  per  year.  In  1852. 
he  married  Maria  Holt/,  of  Germany.  They  have 
had  sixteen  chiklien.  Those  li\-ing  are :  Charles. 
August,  John.  William.  Louis.  Albert.  Rol)ert. 
Emma.  Frederick,  ilatilda.  Ilenrv  and  Mary. 


John  Jacobs,  one  of  the  earlv  settlers  of  this 
county,  is  a  native  of  Wales,  born  in  1835.  He 
emigrated  to  the  Ignited  States,  -with  his  parents. 
in  1843.  and  located  in  Oneida  county.  Xew  York, 
where  his  father  died.  He  removed  to  Wisconsin 
in  1851,  and  engaged  in  lumbering  until  1858, 
when  he  removed  to  Minnea]K>lis.  Minnesota.  He 
enUsted  in  Coinp.  B.  6th  Begt.  Inf..  and  served 
against  the  Indians  until  1864,  when  he  went 
South,  where  he  was  taken  sick,  and  mustered 
out.  He  was  married  in  1864.  to  iliss  Matilda 
iMcKinley  of  Wright  county.  They  have  had 
four  children,  three  of  whom  are  living:  William, 
Xettie  and  Belle.  Lizzie  B.  died.  Mr.  Jacobs 
has  held  the  office  of  town  supervisor,  two  years. 

John  0"^lera  was  born  in  Vermont,  in  1828. 
He  moved  to  Mimiesota  in  1857,  stopped  in  Minne- 
apolis one  \  ear.  and  locating  on  his  jiresent  farm 
in  185!1,  turned  his  attention  to  stock  raising,  to 
some  extent.  He  has  been  town  supervisor  two 
years;  Clerk  fifteen  >  eai's.  and  school  clerk  eigh- 
teen years.  In  18-55  he  married  Miss  F.  M. 
Emory.    They  have  seven  children. 

Albert  Boberts,  a  native  of  Maine,  was  born  in 
1844.  lie  enlisted  in  1862.  hi  Company  C.  twen- 
tieth Elaine  Regmieiit,  was  in  the  battles  of 
White  Mountain.  Antietam.  Frederickslnirg,  Get- 
tysburg and  Cold  Harbor.  At  the  latter  place  he 
received  a  gun  shot  wimnd  in  the  face,  carrying 
the  ball  for  nearly  two  months  before  it  could  be 
exti'acted.  He  gi'aduated  at  Eastman's  Commercial 
College,  Poughkeepsie.  Xew  York,  in  1866. 
Mo\ed  to  Miimesota  and  settled  on  his  present  lo- 
cation. He  has  been  chairman  of  tne  Board  of 
Supervisors  two  years,  assessor  eight  >  eare.  and 
was  enumerator  in  1875  and  1880.  He  maiTied 
in  1868,  Isabella  M.  McKimllx .  Tliey  have  four 
chilth-en  living. 

Ephriaui  Sipe  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  in 
1848.  He  moved  to  Minnesota  in  1857,  and  re- 
mained with  his  parents  until  1880,  when  he  lo- 
cated on  his  present  farm.  He  has  held  the  of- 
fices of  towii  supervisor  one  year,  school  direc- 
tor live  >  eai's,  and  is  Justice  of  the  Peace  at  the 
present  time.  His  school  advantages  were 
limited  to  a  period  of  fifteen  months,  but  by  close 
application  he  has  gained  knowledge  sufficient  to 
fiU  the  different  offices  with  credit.  In  1880  he 
married  ^Margaret  Husted.  of  Corcoran,  who  was 
born  April  2;ith,  1863. 


COBCOBAN- FIRST  SETTLEMENT. 


317 


CORCORAN. 


CHAPTEIl  LI. 

OENEEAL  DESCRIPTION — FIKST  SETTLKJIEN'J — 
EARLY  EVENTS— ORGANIZATION— CHURCHES 
SCHOOL POST-OFFICES STORES OFFI- 
CIAL  ROSTER — STATISTICS— BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Tlie  township  of  Corcoran  is  located  in  tlie 
nortli-western  part  of  Hennepin  county,  and  is 
)«iiui(le<l  on  tlie  north  by  Hassan,  east  by  Maple 
Grove,  south  by  Medina  and  west  by  Greenwood. 
Its  surface  is  rolling,  in  the  south  part  lilutty. 
It  is  heavily  timbered  with  hard  and  soft  maple, 
oak,  elm  and  basswood.  There  iire  occasional 
patches  of  wild  meadow-land,  which  produce  a 
good  (luality  of  grass.  The  soil  is  light  in  tlie 
south  part,  in  tlie  central  part  it  is  a  heavy  black 
loam,  and  lighter  in  the  north  part,  with  a  clay 
sidisoil  throughout,  producing  wheat,  barley,  oats 
and  corn  abundantly.  Amber  cane  is  grown  to 
some  extent.  Juberfs  Lake,  the  largest  body  of 
water  in  the  the  town,  is  located  on  sections 
twenty-nine  and  thirty-two;  there  are  two  other 
small  lakes  that  are  unnamed,  one  located  in  the 
southern  part,  and  the  other  in  the  western  yiart 
of  the  town. 

FIRST    SETTLEMENT. 

Benjamhi  Pounder,  was  the  tirst  man  to  enter 
the  unbroken  wilderness,  and  commenced  in  IH.'w 
to  lay  the  foundation  of  what  is  now  the  nourish- 
ing town  of  Corcoran.  He  was  followed  in  a  few 
days  by  P.  15.  Corcoran,  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  town.  He  was  accompanied  by  Morris  R.\an, 
who  died  in  1878;  his  family  still  reside  here. 

Mr.  P.  B.  Corcoran  is  one  of  those  men  who 
are  justly  entitled  to  more  than  a  passing  notice, 
and  we  regret  tliatour  limits  will  not  permit,  as 
much  as  we  desire  to  write  of  this  eiiterprisuig 
pioneer.  He  threaded  his  way  on  foot  into  this 
then  wilderness,  witli  but  one  hand  to  lielp  liini, 
having  lost  his  right  hand  in  a  lumber-mill  in  the 


state  of  New  York.  With  his  left  hand  he 
stuck  his  stake  on  section  twenty-three,  and  com- 
menced to  liuild  around  it,  adding  acre  to  acre 
until  he  now  is  the  jxissessor  of  six  hundred  and 
forty  (640)  of  them,  which  gradually  yielded  to 
his  intelligent  and  aggressive  strokes,  until  tlie 
wild  stillness  that  surrounded  him  had  been  con- 
verted into  the  busy  hum  of  an  intelligent  and 
advancing  civilization. 

His  next  care  was  the  school,  which  engaged 
his  attention,  and  in  two  years  after  his  arrival, 
he  organized  a  school,  built  the  rude  log  Temple 
which  he  dedicated  to  the  Muses,  and  to  prevent 
any  misdu'ection  of  his  intentions.  i>resided  over 
it  himself,  cultivating  the  young  minds  commit- 
ted to  his  care,  more  carefully,  tluin  he  did  the 
soil  on  his  chosen  and  loved  homestead.  He  con- 
tinued it  for  three  months.  This  was  the  tirst 
school  taught  in  the  town.  His  organizing  genius 
has  made  itself  felt  throughout  all  the  multifa- 
rious affairs  of  the  town.  His  acknowledged 
abilities  have  been  recognized  bv  tlic  citizens, 
who  have  expressed  it.  by  electing  him  supervisor 
for  twelve  years,  and  so  evenly  does  he  hold  the 
scales  of  Justice,  that  he  has  been  called  to  hold 
them  for  fourteen  years,  making  decisions  that 
would  honor  the  Ermine  of  the  higher  courts,  for 
all  law  is  based  on  common  sense,  which  desira- 
ble (|uality  he  possesses  in  an  eminent  degree. 
His  next  enterprise  was  a  store,  which  he  started 
in  a  log  house  with  thatched  roof,  and  located  on 
the  west  side  of  his  farm.  The  busmess  in- 
creased so  rapidly  that  he  was  obliged  to  build  a 
larger  one  \\\t\\  a  sliiuged  roof.  He  located  it 
on  the  east  side  of  his  farm,  and  in  a  few  years 
was  oVdiged  to  build  a  still  larger  one.  It  is  30x40 
feet,  two-stories,  making  a  hall  of  the  upjier  story 
which  is  used  for  town  meetings,  pnlilic  enter- 
tamments,  etc.  He  was  the  first  postmaster  in 
the  town,  which  office  he  still  holds. 

Tlie   settlers  with   Patrick  B.  Corcoran  were 


318 


HISTOHY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


William  Corcoran,  who  setttled  on  section  twen- 
ty-three. Joseph  Dejardins.  who  settled  on  section 
nint«en,  which  he  afterwards  sokl,  and  now 
lives  on  section  twenty-six.  Two  brothers 
named  Pounder,  and  a  Mr.  Isaac  Bartlett, 
John  McDoimell.  Francis  iMorin.  Frederick  Kein- 
king  and  Fred  Sclmette,  all  taking  claims  in 
1855.  They  were  followed  in  1856,  by  Joseph 
Dupont,  who  settled  on  section  19,  Hugh  Keran, 
who  settled  on  section  26.  and  Joseph  Moriu,  who 
settled  on  section  27.  Peter  Wemand  came  m 
the  spring  of  1856,  and  settled  on  section  17.  Mr. 
Weinaud  is  one  of  the  prominent  men  of  the 
town,  whose  wise  coimsels  have  contributed 
largely  to  its  growth  and  prosperity.  His  ripe  expe- 
rience and  liberal  muid.  has  entitled  him  to  the 
confidence,  not  only  of  Ms  fellow  countiTmen, 
but  of  all  the  citizens  of  the  town  where  he  has 
resided  since  its  earliest  settlement.  In  short,  he 
s  one  of  the  "Solons"  of  the  town  and  represent- 
ative district,  in  which  he  Uves;  having  tilled 
every  office  of  honor  and  trust.  He  was  twee 
elected  to  the  state  legislatiu-e  from  liis  dis- 
trict. Mr.  John  Kleresy  came  in  1855,  and 
settled  on  section  7,  now  living  on  section  2.  He 
is  the  peer  of  Mr.  Weinand.  having  filled  the 
various  offices  in  the  town,  and  for  several  yeare 
was  chairman  of  the  board  of  supei-visors.  He  is 
full  of  puVilic  spiiit.  and  a  leader  in  everytliing 
tending  to  the  growth  of  the  town.  He.  as  one 
of  the  supervisoi's,  with  P.  B.  Corcoran,  as  chau-- 
man  of  the  board,  laid  out  the  first  road  in  the 
town — the  ilinneapolis  and  Monticello  state  road. 
in  1858.  Others  came  about  this  time,  among 
them  Matthew  AVeinand,  Martin  Dellis,  Michael 
Weir  and  Joseph  May,  all  relatives  excepting 
Weir,  and  all  settled  in  tlie  north-west  part  of  the 
towrn. 

Old  ^Ir.  and  Mrs.  Weinand  are  still  living,  also 
old  ilr.  and  Mrs.  ilay.  parents  of  Joseph  Ma\. 
Martin  Dellis  is  still  living  on  his  original  claim. 
William  Corcoran  and  Patrick  Bm-ke  came  in 
July.  ISoo.  and  both  are  no\\'  living  on  the  claims 
first  made.  Several  others  came  that  year,  but 
went  away  mid  subsequently  retiuTied.  The  first 
French  .settlers  in  1855  were  Michael  Patnode 
and  his  son  Peter,  Stephen  and  George  Aicham- 
beau,  Michael  and  Peter  Raymond,  Joseph  Du- 
pont, Joseph  Scott,  and  other's ;  all  settling  in  the 
south  part  of  the  town.    Mr.  Patnode  died  in 


1861.  and  his  wife,  four  or  five  years  later.  Peter 
is  now  living  on  section  22.  Stephen  and  George 
Archambeau  moved  to  Faribault  two  yeai-s  after 
making  their  claim.  Michael  and  Peter  Raymond 
live  on  their  origmal  claim,  on  section  20.  Joseph 
Dupont  li^■es  ou  his  first  claim,  on  section  19  ;  has 
been  postmaster  smce  July  4th,  1875.  The  post- 
office,  called  •■  Dupont,"  taking  its  name  fi-om 
the  present  official,  who  is  a  highly  esteemed 
citizen  of  the  toviii.  Joseph  Scott  died  on  his 
claim,  in  section  29,  and  the  farm  is  now  owned 
by  Ids  son,  D.  Scott.  The  same  year.  Frank 
Gagne  settled  on  section  27.  He  was  one  of  tha 
earliest  settlers  on  the  resenation  near  Mimie- 
apolis,  a  little  southeast  of  the  present  site.  He 
had  some  trouble  over  a  contested  claim  there, 
finally  sold  it  and  came  here  with  his  brother, 
Joseph,  who  settled  on  section  27.  and  is  still 
living  here. 

EARLY  EVENTS. 

Benjamin  Pomider  built  he  first  house  m  the 
town,  in  1855,  on  section  25,  near  the  towii  line, 
and  occupied  it  about  two  years,  when  Robert  Ad- 
cock  occupied  it  imtil  he  could  build  on  his  own 
claim ;  then  Thomas  Adcock's  widow  occupied  it 
until  1370.  The  old  hotise  is  still  standing,  as  a 
landmark,  though  in  a  dilapidated  condition.  Its 
builder  died  October  IStb,  1875.  Resolutions  of 
respect  and  regret  at  his  loss  were  adopted  at  a 
meetuig  held  at  the  district  school-house,  De- 
cember 11th,  1875,  which  were  published  in  the 
AVeekly  Tribmie  and  Farmere"  Union.  He  had 
been  clerk  of  the  district  from  its  firet  org-aniza- 
tion,  m  1858.  Was  univer.s;illy  respected  by  the 
commiuiity  in  which  he  lived.  His  w idow.  Eliz- 
abeth Poimder.  still  lives  on  the  old  homestead. 

The  first  blacksmith  shop  was  bxult  by  Louis 
Berthaume,  ou  section  21,  about  nmeteen  years 
ago.  He  operated  it  eight  years,  and  then  moved 
to  Osseo.  The  second  one  was  built  by  P.  B.  Cor- 
conm,  on  section  23,  a  little  west  of  his  present 
resideuce,and  operated  mitil  he  built  a  new  one  just 
east  of  his  house,  employing  workmen  up  to  the 
time  he  le^ised  it  to  Xelson  Deroche,  who  is  now 
operating  it,  and  doing  good  work. 

The  fii-st  birth  was  James  J.  Corcoran,  son  of 
AVilliam  Corcoran,  born  Febniary  22d,  1856.  He 
now  livuig  in  Austin,  Mimiesota. 

The  first  maniage  was  that  of  John  McDonald 
to  Sarah  Crawford,  in  1857. 


COBCORAN— CHURCHES— SCHOOLS. 


319 


The  first  deatli  was  Nicholas  O'Brien,  ui  1858, 
who  died  at  the  lioiise  of  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Fox,  in 
tlie  north  part  of  tlie  town,  aged  eiglity-tive  years. 

The  first  seliool  in  tlie  town  was  taught  by  P. 
B.  Corcoran,  in  a  log  house  erected  on  his  own 
land,  in  1857. 

ORGANIZATION. 

The  town  was  organized  at  a  meeting  held  at 
the  house  of  P.  B.  Corcoran,  May  llth,  1858, 
when  Israel  Dorman  was  made  temjiorary  Chair- 
man, John  Molan,  Moderator,  and  Pat  Braw 
temporary  Clerk.  Officers  elected  were:  Super- 
visors, Israel  Dorman,  Chairman,  P.  B.  Corcoran, 
John  P.  Kleresy;  Town  Clerk,  Pat  Braw;  Assess- 
or, Thomas  Riley;  Collector,  Michael  Patnode; 
Overseer  of  the  Poor,  Francis  Garnieeii;  Justices 
of  the  Peace,  Israel  Dorman  and  Peter  Patnode; 
Constables,  J.  Burret  and  John  Coon.  At  this 
meeting,  the  town  was  named  Corcoran,  in  honor 
of  P.  B.  Corcoran,  its  founder. 

CHURCHES. 

Catholic  church,  located  on  section  two.  on  the 
north  Une,  was  organized  in  1856,  and  is  the  old- 
est church  in  the  town.  Services  are  occasionally 
held  m  it.  Also  have  a  cemetery  in  counection 
with  the  church. 

Saint  Thomas  Catholic  Church  is  located  on 
section  15,  and  was  organized  in  ISotj.  It  was 
started  by  the  Irish  memliers  from  the  first  men- 
tioned church,  and  assisted  by  the  Germans. 
F.irst  officiating  priest,  Father  Jennis,  who  started 
with  about  thirty  famiUes.  It  has  continued  to 
grow  in  numbers,  until  it  now  has  about  fort\- 
ttve  families  with  Father  Hays  as  priest. 

Saint  John's  French  Catholic  Church  was  es- 
tablished in  1873,  by  the  French  element  from 
Samt  Thomas  Church.  The  first  priest  was  Father 
Ladriere;  present  priest,  Father  Boucher.  Tliis 
church  has  about  forty  families,  who  attend  its 
meetings. 

German  Evangelical  Association.  This  church 
is  located  on  the  north-east  corner  of  section  12, 
and  eml)raees  twents'  or  thii-ty  families  from  Cor- 
coran and  Maple  (irove. 

The  Lutheran  Church  is  located  on  section  13, 
and  was  erected  about  fifteen  years  ago,  now  has 
a  large  congi-egation.  There  is  a  school  held  in 
the  church  for  the  study  of  the  German  language, 
about  six  months  hi  the  year,  attended  by  pupils 
from  Corcoran  and  Maple  Grove. 


SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  in  the  town  was  taught  by  P. 
B.  Corcoran,  in  a  log  house  12x16,  in  the  winter 
of  1857,  with  about  sixteen  scholars.  This  build- 
ing was  used  for  about  four  years,  when  the  pres- 
ent building  was  erected  in  district  No.  65. 
School  disti-ict  No.  64,  house  located  on  section 
29.  School  district  No.  107,  house  located  on 
section  7.  Jomt  school  district  No.  67,  house 
located  on  section  4.  School  district  No.  66, 
house  located  on  section  10.  There  are  besides, 
four  joint  districts  with  other  towiis. 

POST-OFFICES. 

The  first  post-nfiice  was  established  on  section 
23,  P.  B.  Corcoran  postmaster.  He  has  held  the 
office  since  it  was  first  established,  with  weekly 
mail  route  from  Osseo  to  Rockford,  on  Saturda>-. 
Dupont  post-office,  on  section  19,  was  established 
in  1875.  Joseph  Dupont,  postmaster,  has  held 
the  office  since  its  estaljlishment. 

STORES. 

P.  B.  Corcoran  established  a  store  on  the  south- 
east part  of  section  23,  m  1863,  and  now  has  the 
largest  stock  of  general  merchandise  in  the  town. 

Mr.  E.  Iluot  established  one  on  section  21,  four 
years  ago,  with  a  fair  stock  of  goods. 

OFFICIAL  ROSTER. 

At  a  town  meetuig  held  in  April,  1880,  the  fol- 
lowing officers  were  elected  :  Supen'isors,  Thomas 
Corcoran,  chairman.  Octave  Dupere,  Joseph  Pot- 
vin ;  Town  Clerk,  Peter  Patnode ;  Assessor, 
•lohn  Molan  ;  Treasurer,  John  McDonald ;  Jus- 
tices, Peter  'Weinand  and  James  Corcoran ;  Con- 
stables, John  Gaurs  and  Octave  Dupere. 

STATISTICS. 

Whole  number  of  acres,  22,948 ;  valuation  of 
land,  S271,722;  valuation  of  personal  iiropert\. 
S4S,SH3.    Taxes  for  1880,  §2,614. 

The  population  of  the  township  is,  by  the  last 
census,  1,078.  There  were,  according  to  report 
for  1880,  horses  over  two  yearsold,  404 ;  cattle  over 
two  years  old,  658  ;  number  of  sheep,  625 ;  number 
of  hogs,  571 ;  acres  sown  to  wheat,  3,300. 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Robert  Adcock,  a  native  of  Norfolk,  England, 
was  born  in  1827.  He  emigrated  to  America  in 
1849,  and  li\ed  in  Boston,  Massachusetts,  six 


320 


HISTORY  OF  HEN  SEP  ly  COUNTY. 


yeai-s:  lie  moved  to  Minnesota  in  185o.  made  one  of 
tlie  lii'st  claims  in  Corroian.  and  is  now  the  oldest 
living  settler  in  the  town.  In  IHoo  lie  was  mar- 
ried to  Maif;aiet  Bulk.  They  have  six  childi-en: 
Thomas  F..  Mary  E..  {Jeoiire  W..John.  Ruth  M. 
and  James. 

Octave  Boucher  was  born  hi  Quebec,  Canada,  m 
1.s4l'.  He  lived  there  until  twelve  year's  of  age. 
In  18.5li  he  came  to  Muinesota  with  his  parents, 
who  took  a  claim  ui  Plymouth.  He  enlisted  in 
1863,  in  Hatch  s  Battallion.  Company  B".  :Minne- 
sota  Volnnteei>!.  and  went  north  during  the  In- 
dian outbreak.  sta\  ed  three  years,  and  was  dis- 
charged at  Fort  Snellmg  in  1866.  He  bought  the 
farm,  in  1867.  wliere  he  now  lives.  The  same 
year  he  married  Delaiiia  Greenwood,  by  whom 
he  has  had  five  children.  , 

Patrick  B.  Corcoran,  is  a  native  of  Ireland, 
where  he  was  bom  ui  1825.  During  the  Irish  fam- 
ine he  occupied  the  position  of  Government  re- 
lief officer.  In  1847  he  emigrated  to  America  ; 
went  to  Maine  and  stayed  about  two  years.  In 
184i)  he  went  to  New  York,  where,  for  live  years 
he  was  engaged  as  sawyer  in  a  lumber  mill; 
while  there,  he  lost  his  right  hand.  In  1855  he 
came  to  Minnesota. and  after  prospecting  for  a  time, 
located  where  he  now  lives.  He  was  one  of 
the  tli-st  settlers  in  this  town,  which  was  named 
for  him.  In  1863  he  started  a  store,  and  has  been 
IKist  master  suice  that  time.  He  built  a  new 
store  in  1867,  to  accommodate  his  increasuig 
bnsiness.  :Mr.  Corcoran  has  tilled  the  offices  of 
Justice  of  the  Peace  for  fourteen  years,  and 
Town  Supervisor  t\\ ehe  years :  he  also  organized 
and  taught  the  first  school  in  the  town.  Married 
in  1851,  Anna  Freehan.  They  have  eight  chil- 
dren. 

AVilliam  Corcoran,  a  native  of  Cork  count\. 
Ireland,  was  bom  in  1821.  In  1847  he  came  to 
America,  landed  ui  Boston,  Massachnsetts,  and 
lived  there  two  \ears ;  moved  to  Bntl'alo.  Xew 
York,  and  stayed  one  year,  then  moved  to  Min- 
nesota in  1855,  and  located  in  Corcoran,  where  he 
now  lives.  He  has  lilled  all  offices  of  trust  ui  the 
town.  In  1854  he  was  married  to  Catherine  Craw- 
ford, by  whom  he  has  had  live  diildieu,  four  are 
now  living.  In  1863  Mi's.  Corcoran  died,  and  in 
1 866  he  married  Mary  Burke. 

Dennis  Daniel  was  born  in  Montreal,  Can- 
ada, in   1825.    In   1842  he  moved  t«  Vermont 


where  he  worked  ten  yeare  at  farming.  In  1852 
he  went  to  Canada  again  and  stayed  one  year. 
Came  to  Mimiesota  in  1853,  and  worked  on  the 
river  at  Stillwater  three  yeaK,  then  went  to  Ar- 
kansas, and  was  engaged  in  lumbering  three  yeai's. 
He  moved  to  Bt.  Paul  and  stayed  from  1859  to 
1866,  when  he  came  to  Corcoran  and  Iwught  the 
farm  on  which  he  now  lives.  He  was  mamed  in 
1854.  to  Mrs.  Mar\  Hennesee.  wlio  had  three 
children. 

Joseph  Degardins  was  born  in  Quebec  in  1835. 
where  he  lived  for  se\  enteen  years,  when  he  went 
to  Bangor.  Maine,  and  worked  at  liuuberhig  two 
year's.  In  1854  he  moved  to  Minnesota  and 
worked  in  the  woods  until  the  spring  of  18-55, 
when  he  came  to  Corcoran  and  made  a  claim  in 
section  19  ;  sold  part  of  it  and  made  another  ou 
section  26.  where  he  now  lives.  He  enlisted  in 
a  Minnesota  regiment  in  1862,  and  served  three 
yeai's  against  the  Indians,  was  ilischarged  at  Fort 
Snelling.  July  1861,  he  was  mamed  to  Miss  T. 
Scott.    They  are  the  parents  of  si.x  ehUilren. 

Moses  Dufour  was  l)oiii  in  Quebec.  Canada,  in 
1832,  and  lived  there  eighteen  yeai's.  In  1851  he 
went  to  Mauie  and  worked  at  lumbering  live 
>  ear's,  to  St.  Anthony  in  1856.  went  ni>  the  river 
and  worked  in  the  pineries  live  years,  after  which 
he  spent  seven  yeai's  among  the  Chippewa  Indi- 
ans as  intei'iM'eter  for  traders.  In  1870  he  bought 
tlie  farm  where  he  now  lives,  ilanied  Rosette 
Lasart,  by  whom  he  has  had  five  children. 

Joseph  Diipont,  a  native  of  Montreal,  Canada.' 
was  bom  in  1831.  He  lived  there  seventeen 
yeai's,  when  he  moved  to  'N'ermont  and  stayed 
eight  years.  In  1856  he  came  to  Minnesota,  and 
made  a  claim  in  Corcoran,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  He  was  married  in  1859.  to  Angelina 
Fortin.  They  have  six  children  now  living.  In 
1863.  Mr.  and  Mi's.  Dnix)nt  visited  their  nati\e 
home,  remaining  aliout  ten  months. 

Hugh  Keran,  born  in  Irelaml  in  1818,  came  to 
America  in  1849,  landed  in  New  York  and  stayed 
there  luitil  1850,  when  he  went  to  Buffalo.  In 
1856  he  moved  to  Minnesota,  and  bought  the 
farm  he  now  lives  on.  He  nianied.  in  1 862.  Mar- 
garet Branagau,  by  whom  he  has  had  two  chil- 
dren. 

John  McDonnell  is  a  native  of  M'aterford 
comity,  Ireland,  where  he  was  born  in  1835.  He 
emigi'ated  to  America  in    1852.  and  settled  in 


COBCORAN— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


321 


Orange  comity,  New  York ;  remained  there  two 
years,  then  went  to  Wisconsin  and  lived  one 
>ear;  from  there  lie  eanie  to  Minnesota  and 
made  a  claim  in  Corcoran,  in  185.5.  He  lived  in 
Minneapolis  in  1856.  and  in  1857  went  to  his 
claim,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  held  the 
office  of  town  supervisor  one  year,  and  town 
treasurer  seven  years.  He  married,  in  1856, 
Sarah  Crawford,  by  whom  he  has  had  ten  children. 

Francis  Morin  w'as  born  in  Quebec,  in  1826,  and 
lived  there  twenty  years.  He  moved  to  Lake 
Superior  in  1846,  worked  in  the  copper  and  iron 
mines  for  three  years,  and  then  returned  to  Que- 
bec. In  1851  he  moved  to  St.  Anthony  and 
stayed  four  years,  when  he  came  to  Corcoran  and 
has  since  resided  here.  He  was  married  in  1863 
to  Alice  O'Hearn.  He  is  the  father  of  seven  chil- 
dren. 

Joseph  Morin  was  bom  in  Montreal,  in  1810. 
He  lived  there  thirty  years  ;  went  to  Michigan  in 
1840,  stayed  about  one  year,  then  worked  four 
years  at  Lake  Superior  as  ship-wright.  Married, 
in  1844,  Lissette  Landeau.  In  1845  he  started 
for  Minnesota  with  a  birch  bark  canoe  ;  and 
accompanied  by  his  wife,  followed  the  Black 
river  fifteen  days,  then  they  packed  their  few 
things  and  he  carried  tlie  canoe,  on  foot,  to  the 
St.  Croix  river,  whicli  they  reached  in  one  day  ; 
they  followed  it  to  the  Mississippi,  thence  to  St. 
Paul,  where  they  remained  eleven  years.  Moved 
to  Corcoran  in  1856,  and  have  since  resided  here. 
They  have  nine  children. 

David  Noonan,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  born  in 
1820.  He  lived  there  thirty  years,  and  came  to 
America  in  1850.  He  went  to  Philadelphia, 
where  he  remained  six  years,  then  removed  to 
Iowa  for  one  year,  and  in  1857  came  to  Corcoran, 
where  he  has  since  resided.  Manied,  in  1863, 
Margaret  Hayes.    They  have  one  daughter. 

Jacob  Oswald  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  Octo- 
ber 18-50.  He  lived  there  six  years,  and  in  1856, 
moved  to  Minnesota  with  his  parents,  with  whom 
he  lived  until  seventeen  years  of  age,  when  his 
father  bought  a  farm  for  him  and  his  brother. 
In  1873  he  bought  the  farm  he  now  lives  on.  He 
married  in  1873,  Caroline  Kothrada,  by  whom  he 
has  four  children. 

Christian  Ranking  was  born  in  Prussia,  in  1835. 
He  lived  there  twenty-four  years ;  moved  to  Ame- 
rica in  1859,  and  settled  in  Corcoran,  where  he 
21 


now  resides.  He  was  drafted  in  1865,  into  the 
Second  Minnesota  Regiment,  and  was  discharged 
at  Washington,  at  the  close  of  the  war.  In  1860 
he  married  Katrine  Heagleman.  They  have  ten 
children  living. 

Frederich  Reinking,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was 
born  in  1827.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1847: 
stopped  in  Baltimore  five  months,  then  went  to 
Pittsburg  and  remained  seven  years,  working  on 
a  steamboat.  In  1855  he  moved  to  St.  Paul, 
thence  to  Corcoran  where  he  has  since  lived.  His 
wife  was  Charlotte  Schafer;  by  her,  he  has  had 
eleven  children,  eight  of  whom  are  now  living. 

Fred.  Schuette  was  born  in  Hanover,  in  1826. 
where  he  lived  twenty-one  years.  He  came  to 
America  in  1854,  resided  in  Pittsburg  eleven 
months  and  moved  to  ilimiesota  in  1855;  stoi)ped 
a  short  time  in  St.  Paul,  then  came  to  Corcoran, 
which  has  since  been  his  home.  In  1863  he  joined 
the  Third  Minnesota  Regiment,  went  south  with 
it  and  was  gone  sixteen  months.  He  married 
Minnie  Schomaker  in  1852,by  whom  he  has  one  son. 

F.  W.  Webb  was  born  in  England,  in  184S). 
and  lived  there  twenty-one  years.  He  emigrated 
to  America  in  1870,  and  settled  in  Corcoran  where 
he  has  since  resided.  He  has  built  a  substantial 
farm-house  valued  at  $1,000.  In  the  fall  of  1872 
he  returned  to  England,  and  married  Elizabeth 
Barrows;  he  returned  the  following  spring  with 
his  wife  to  his  home  in  Corcoran.  They  are  the 
parents  of  two  children. 

Peter  Weinand,  a  native  of  Germany,  was 
born  ui  1838.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1852, 
and  settled  in  Wisconsin;  removed  to  Minnesota 
in  1856,  and  in  1858  bought  the  farm  in  Corcoran 
on  which  he  has  since  lived.  In  1877,  he  was 
elected  representative  from  the  twenty-seventh 
district,  and  has  held  every  position  of  trust  in 
his  town.  He  married,  in  1864,  Mary  Swagert, 
by  whom  he  has  six  children. 

August  Westphal  was  born  in  Prussia,  in  1831. 
He  was  educated  in  his  native  land;  graduated 
from  the  College  of  Bromberg,  and  followed 
school-teaching  for  twelve  years.  Enlisted  in 
the  German  army  in  1851,  and  served  three  years 
in  Berlin.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1864, 
settled  in  Milwaukee  and  tiinght  school.  In 
1866  he  came  to  Minnesota,  and  finally  settled  in 
Corcoran.  Married,  in  1866,  Emily  Long,  by 
whom  he  has  had  fourteen  children. 


322 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY 


MAPLE  GR(3VE. 


CHAPTEK   LII. 

GEXERAL   DESCltlPTIOK — FIRST   SETTLEJIENT — 

ORGANIZATION' CHrRCHES LYCEUM 

SCHOOLS — StAXfFACTURES  —  TOWN  HOUSE — 
CE3IETERIES — ROSTER  FOR  1880 — BIOGRAPHI- 
CAL. 

The  town  uf  Maple  Grove  is  situated  in  the 
northern  central  part  of  Hennepin  county,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  nortli  hy  Dayton  and  Champlin. 
east  by  Brooklyn  and  Osseo.  south  by  Plymoutli. 
and  west  by  Corcoran .  Ttie  surface  of  the  town  is 
rolling,  excepting  on  sections  22  and  23.  w  here  it 
is  bluffy.  When  first  settled,  it  was  heavily  tim- 
bered with  a  large  growth  of  elm,  oak,  basswood 
and  maple,  the  latter  grovNlng  in  large  quantities, 
scattered  in  such  beautiful  groves  over  the  town, 
that  it  was  named  ^Maple  Grove.  The  south- 
eastern portion  of  the  town  is  covered  with  a  low 
imderbrush.  Bottineau  Prairie,  west  of  Osseo, 
includes  half  of  section  1.  all  of  section  12,  one- 
quarter  of  section  1 1 ,  and  half  of  section  13.  It 
is  bordered  by  a  narrow  belt  of  brush  land.  The 
remaining  portion  is  timber  and  wild  meadow 
land,  with  fine  rich  meadows  borderuig  on  liush 
Creek.  The  soil  is  a  black  loam  -with  clay  sub-soil, 
excepting  on  the  east  part  of  the  prairie,  where  it 
is  gravel.  Tliere  are  several  lakes  in  the  town, 
aU  well  stocked  with  fish,  except  Mud  Lake; 
among  them  are  Eagle  Lake,  in  the  south-east 
comer  of  the  town,  occupying  the  gi-eater  portion 
of  section  Sti:  this  is  the  largest  lake  in  the  town. 
Fish  Lake  is  a  long  and  somewhat  irregular- 
shaped  body,  watermg  portions  of  sections  21, 22, 
27  and  28.  Weaver  Lake,  on  sections  17.  is.  19 
and  20,  in  the  west  part,  and  Rice  Lake  near  the 
centre,  mostly  on  section  16.  Cedai-  Island  Lake 
on  sections  26  and  27,  takes  its  name  from  the 
three  islands  that  it  surrounds,  which  are  cov- 
ered with  a  small  gi-owth  of  cedar.  It  is  also 
watered  by  Elm  Creek,  which  rises  in  the  north- 


eastern part  of  Plymouth,  and  flows  north-easterly 
through  Rice  Lake  :  thence  on  in  the  same  direc- 
tion, emptying  into  Hayden's  Lake,  in  the  towii 
of  Dayton.  Rush  Creek  also  flows  through  the 
northern  portion  of  the  town  in  an  easterlv  direc- 
tion, and  forms  a  junction  with  Elm  Creek  on 
section  34.  in  Dayton,  near  the  northern  bound- 
ary line  of  the  town. 

FIRST  .SETTLEMENT. 

The  stillness  of  the  forests  which  covered  much 
of  the  territory  now  embraced  within  the  limits 
of  the  towii  of  Maple  Grove,  had  never  been  dis- 
turbed, except  by  the  stealthy  tread  of  the  Indian, 
until  Louis  P.  GaiTais,  in  1851 ,  broke  the  silence 
which  for  ages  had  per%aded  the  wilderness.  He 
settled  on  the  southeast  quarter  of  section  12,  and 
sounded  the  first  notes  of  civilization  from  that 
pomt.  AVitli  his  family  he  labored,  battling  with 
the  forest  and  wild  beasts,  and  with  the  more  for- 
midable AViimebagos,  who,  two  years  after  his 
settlement,  were  removed  to  their  reservation. 

About  the  same  tune  came  William  M.  Ewiug, 
who  helped  siu-vey  the  town  and  name  it.  Ewing 
moved  to  Osseo,  in  1857.  With  the  retuemeut  of 
the  Indians,  the  prospects  of  the  settlers  bright- 
ened, and  the  face  of  the  country  was  soon  dotted 
with  the  betterments  of  a  hardy  class  of  pioneers. 

In  ilay,  1854,  came  Han-ey  Abel,  who,  followmg 
the  course  of  empire,  westward,  marked  liis  claim 
where  the  Town  House  now  stands,  the  first  west  of 
Bottineau  Prairie.  He  sold  his  claim  and  made 
another,  and.  full  of  Yankee  enterprise,  sold  that 
and  made  the  tliird  and  last  claim,  the  one  on 
which  he  now  lives,  built  his  log  cabin,  covered  it 
with  bark,  and  used  the  same  material  for  floor 
and  tables,  cooked  for  liimself,  and  lived  alone  for 
three  years.  The  same  year  came  A.  O,  Angell, 
and  settled  on  section  10,  built  his  cabin  of  rough 
logs  and  covered  it  w  ith  liark,  split  and  laid  bass- 
wood  slabs  for  liis  floor,  and  commenced  house- 
keeping. The  same  year  came  W.  E,  Evans, 
from   Chittenden   countv.  Vermont,  and  located 


MAPLE  GBOVE— FIRST  SETTLEMENT— CHUBCHES. 


323 


on  section  4,  where  he  now  lives.  He  built 
the  first  log  cabin  on  the  road  between  Min- 
neapolis and  Crow  River.  Patrick  Devery  also 
ciime  in  1854,  and  located  on  section  28,  where  he 
still  lives.  lie  built  him  a  home,  and  gathered 
about  him  a  small  stock  of  cattle.  He  had  one  cow 
stolen  and  killed  by  the  Indians,  who  roasted 
one-half  of  it,  and  took  the  rest  away  with  them, 
on  their  way  to  the  battle  between  the  Chippewas 
and  Sioux,  at  Shakopee,  in  1858. 

Late  in  1854,  O.  R.  Champlin  came  and  set- 
tled on  section  16.  He  built  his  house  in  the 
woods,  and  in  the  place  of  bark,  which  was  tlien 
much  in  use  for  covering,  used  wooden  troughs  for 
shingles. 

In  185.5,  came  J.  H.  Briggs,  who  settled  on  sec- 
tion 4,  in  the  north  part  of  the  town,  and  built  his 
log  house;  brought  his  provisions  on  his  back, 
from  Saint  Antliony,  a  distance  of  sixteen  miles, 
marked  trees  being  his  only  guide.  The  same 
year  came  John  Cook,  and  located  on  section  30. 
In  June  of  the  same  year,  Luther  Iloff  came  and 
settled  on  section  8;  he  died  in  October  18fi4. 
His  widow,  Mrs.  Minerva  Hoff,  is  still  living  on 
the  place.  About  the  same  time  came  Patrick 
Darmody  and  settled  on  section  31.  in  tlie  soutli- 
west  corner  of  the  town.  In  the  fall  of  the  same 
year,  came  William  Trott,  and  settled  on  sec- 
tion 10.  He  lived  in  a  little  shanty  covered  with 
bark,  the  first  winter,  and  with  the  true  pioneer 
pluck,  he  worked  on  alone,  opening  up  his  farm, 
until  now  he  has  all  the  evidences  of  thrift  around 
him.  In  185(5,  John  M.  Eddy  came  from  Addi- 
son county,  Vermont,  and  settled  in  the  north 
part  on  section  4,  of  tlie  town,  and  is  now  an 
honored  and  respected  citizen.  He  has  filled  the 
office  of  town  clerk  for  many  years,  with  credit 
to  liimself  and  satisfaction  to  the  town.  George 
A.  Laflin  came  from  Chittenden  county,  Ver- 
mont, in  1856,  and  settled  on  section  10,  in  tlie 
north  part  of  the  town,  and  is  now  one  of  the 
prominent  citizens  of  Maple  Grove.  From  this 
date  (1856)  settlements  were  quite  rapid,  and  tlie 
next  care  was  the  church  and  school,  the  only 
real  foundations  upon  whicli  a  community 
can  securely  build.  The  first  preaching  in  the 
town  was  at  the  house  of  P.  B.  Xewtou, 
on  section  4,  in  1855,  by  Rev.  L.  Atkinson, 
a  Baptist.  Later,  in  1856-7,  came  the  Rev. 
C.  G.  Ames  and  held  servi(*s  in  the  iioith  part 


of  the  town,  preaching  to  the  Free  Will  Baptists 
for  about  a  year.  About  the  same  time,  came 
the  Rev.  Mr.  White.  Methodist,  preaching  at  the 
house  of  P.  B.  Newton,  on  section  4.  The  first 
school  was  taught  in  the  summer  of  1858,  in  an 
old  vacant  dwelling  house  on  section  4,  by  Delos 
Hawkins.  The  first  marriage  was  that  of  J.  M. 
Eddy  to  Mary  E.  Evans,  February  24th,  1857.  liy 
Rev.  Lewis  Atkinson. 

First  birth,  Persis,  daughter  of  ^Ir.  and  Mrs. 
J.  II.  Briggs,  in  the  winter  of  1855-6. 

First  deaths,  Alouzo  and  Melissa  Corey,  chil- 
dren of  James  M.  Corey,  in  the  winter  of  1855-6. 

ORGANIZATION. 

The  first  meeting  for  the  purpose  of  organizing 
a  board  of  town  officers,  was  held  April  11,  1858, 
at  tlie  house  of  Hiram  Blowers.  Meeting  called 
to  order  and  Hiram  Blowers  elected  Moderator, 
and  J.  M.  Eddy  Clerk.  Supervisors,  A.  C.  Aus- 
tin, Jeremiah  Brown,  Robert  ^\'oodard  ;  Town 
Clerk,  J.  M.  Eddy;  Assessor,  William  R.  Champ- 
lin ;  Collector,  Chauncey  Blowers ;  Overseer  of 
Poor,  P.  B.  Newton  ;  Constables,  Charles  Savage 
and  J.  M.  Corey ;  Justices,  William  E.  Evans 
and  Moses  Blowers. 

Previous  to  this  organization  a  vote  was  taken 
on  the  "Five  Million  Loan,"  and  every  vote  in 
the  precinct  was  against  it. 

ini'KcnKS. 

There  are  two  Methodist  Episcopal  churches 
in  the  town,  one  located  on  section  17,  and  built 
in  1868.  A  class  was  formed  aliont  twenty  years 
ago,  and  from  it  has  grown  the  present  church. 
Re\-.  ilr.  White  was  the  first  minister.  The  sec- 
ond Methodist  Episcopal  church  is  located  on 
section  4,  in  the  north  part  of  the  town,  and  is 
not  yet  completed,  but  in  a  condition  to  permit 
public  worship.  Both  the  Methodist  churches 
are  now  supplied  semi-monthly  by  the  pastor 
from  the  town  of  Champlin. 

JNIaiile  Grove  Catholic  Cliurcli  is  located  on 
section  29,  in  the  south-western  part  of  the  town 
near  school  No.  45,  has  been  in  charge  of  the  Rev. 
Father,  A.  Ladriere  for  the  past  five  years,  and 
has  a  membership  of  over  a  hundred  families. 

The  Congregationalists  had  preaching  for  a  few 
years  in  the  school-house  on  section  4,  by  the  Rev. 
A.  K.  Packard,  from  Anoka,  but  for  the  past 
seven  years  have  had  no  regular  preaching. 


324 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


The  Universalists  have  preaching  occasionally 
in  the  scliodl-lioiise  on  section  1.  by  Revs,  (iood- 
riclianil  Ilanington.  Tlieie  is  also  an  Episcopal 
seivice  conducted  semi-monthly  at  the  same 
place  hy  the  Kev.  yir.  Pise,  of  Minneapolis. 

.SOCIETIE.'i. 

T.  O.  (4.  T.  This  Lodfje  was  organized  in  186-5. 
They  bnilt  for  their  accounnodation  .a  hall  over  the 
school-house  in  Distiict  No.  42,  where  regnlar 
meetings  were  held  for  several  years,  and  the  town 
rejoiced  over  the  good  work  it  was  doing,  bnt 
like  all  hnman  eftVn-ts,  it  had  the  germ  of  decay 
in  it,  which  fed  npon  its  vitality  nntil  it  finally 
became  entirely  extinct. 

MAPLE   GKOVK   LYCEX^M. 

Was  organized  in  the  winter  of  1858-9,  in  the 
school-house  in  District  42.  In  connection  with 
it,  was  started  a  paper  called  the  '-^Slaple  Grove 
Watchman,"  read  each  week  dnruig  tlie  winter 
months.  It  was  here  the '•  Conscript  Fathers'' 
of  the  town,  met  to  discuss  the  leading  questions 
of  the  day — to  measure  swords  in  an  earnest  de- 
bate, and  it  is  to  be  hoped,  always  rishig  al)ove 
the  debasing  uifineuces  of  an  angi-y  discnssion. 
It  grew,  and  flourished  for  a  time,  calling  to  its 
aid  such  men  as  W.  A.  Crawford.  Assistant  Edi- 
tor of  the  "  New  York  Graphic,""  who  gave  them 
a  lecture  the  first  winter  of  its  existence.  The 
"  Watchman  ""  chronicled  the  events  of  the  town 
and  many  were  the  sharp  "home  thnists"  that 
bristled  from  its  columns.  But  its  glory  is  past, 
and  it,  like  some  of  its  founders  has  gone  to  rest. 

SfHOOLS. 

The  school  system  in  this  town  is  equal  to  any 
in  Ileimepin  county,  wliich  is  called  the  banner 
county  of  the  state.  The  first  school  in  the  town 
was  established  on  section  4,  ui  school  district  No. 
42,  and  is  now  a  joint  district.  The  other  joint  ones 
are  No.  lOl,  located  on  section  6,  and  No.  46,  lo- 
cated on  section  27.  The  entire  districts  are  No. 
45,  located  on  section  29,  No.  44,  located  on  sec- 
tion 17,  and  No.  UIO,  located  on  section  9.  Be- 
sides these  are  joint  districts  Nos.  33,  43  and  45, 
houses  located  in  other  townships.  All  the  school 
buildings  in  the  town  are  nearly  new  and  in 
good  repair;  42  and  4ti  are  ftnnished  with  patent 
desks  and  seats. 


MANrFACTT'RES. 

A  small  saw-mill  was  built  on  Elm  Creek,  sec- 
tion 10,  in  I860,  by  Franklin  Cook  and  changed 
to  a  grist  mill  in  1868.  It  now  has  two  nm  of 
stone,  one  for  flour  and  one  for  feed,  which  is  a 
great  convenience  for  the  immediate  neiglihor- 
hood.  There  are  in  the  town,  four  amber  cane 
mills,  owned  and  located  as  follows:  S.  S.  Hawk- 
ins, on  section  3;  E.  P.  Woodworth,  on  section  3; 
Henry  Abel  on  section  17.  and  one  on  section  18, 
owned  by  William  and  James  Chapman.  Each 
one  of  them  has  a  capacity  of  from  eight  to 
sixteen  hundred  gallons  aninially. 

TOWN    HOUSE. 

The  first  building  used  for  a  town  house,  was 
purchased  of  Hiram  Blowers  and  fitted  up  for 
the  use  of  the  town  in  1863.  It  is  located  on  sec- 
tion 9.  It  was  used  until  the  present  building 
was  erected  on  the  site  of  the  old  one  in  1877. 
Size.  22x32,  one  story  high,  well  built  and  in  good 
condition. 

CE3IETERIES. 

There  are  three  cemeteries  in  the  town,  located 
as  follows :  One  on  section  4,  established  sixteen 
years  ago  by  an  association,  as  a  general  burial 
groi\nd  ;  and  one  on  the  extreme  west  line  of  sec 
tiou  7 ;  also  one  on  the  north  Ime  of  the  same 
section. 

OFFICIAL  ROSTER  FOR  1880. 

Supervisors — William  E.  Evans,  chairman, 
Fred  I'auleyand  James  McConnell ;  Town  Clerk, 
J.  M.  Eddy  ;  Treasm-er,  George  A.  Laflin ;  As- 
sessor, John  A.  Conover;  Justices,  Charles  Leon- 
ard and  William  E.  Evans ;  Constables,  William 
Joslin  and  John  Odenbreicht.  Whole  number  of 
acres,  21 ,318.  Valuation  of  real  estate,  8293,162; 
of  personal  property,  $47,607.  Taxes  for  1880, 
53,808.    Population  in  1880,  1,156. 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Henry  Abel  was  born  in  Essex  county.  New 
York,  May  8th,  1824.  He  lived  there  twenty- 
three  >ears,  and  in  Hillsdale,  ^lichigan,  four 
years.  ^Married  Ann  E.  Lobdell,  in  1850; 
she  died  in  1852.  He  came  to  Minnesota  in  April, 
1854,  and  took  a  claim  in  Maple  Grove,  where 
the  town  house  now  stands.  He  did  the  first 
mason  work  this  side  of  St.  Anthony.  He  made 
a  claim   and  sold  it ;  then   made  another ;  sold 


MAPLE  OBOVE—BIOOBAPHICAL. 


325 


that,  and  took  tlie  one  lie  now  lives  on ;  built  a 
log  house  ten  feet  square  and  coN-ered  it  with  bark, 
using  the  same  material  for  floor  and  tallies.  In 
1858,  he  was  married  to  Sarah  M.  Brown,  who 
died  in  1861.  lie  married  his  third  wife,  8arah 
Weaver,  in  1862.  Mr.  Abel  built  a  new  house, 
which,  with  contents,  was  destroyed  by  fire  in 
1870.  He  is  the  father  of  four  children.  His 
third  wife  died  in  October,  1880. 

A.  O.  Angell  was  born  in  Bridgewater,  Ver- 
mont, in  1834.  He  moved  with  his  parents  to 
Michigan,  then  to  Ohio,  and  in  1854,  came  to 
Minnesota,  and  made  a  claim  in  Maple  (4rove. 
Jime  8th,  I860,  he  married  Mary  Atkinson. 
They  have  two  children  living.  He  lived  in  his 
cabin  covered  with  bark  and  with  floor  of  bass- 
wood  slabs,  until  I808.  Mr.  Angell  helped  to  cut 
the  first  road  leading  from  Osseo  to  Kice  Lake. 

J.  H.  Briggs  was  born  in  Smyrna,  Chenango 
county.  New  York,  April  19th,  1828.  He  came 
to  Mimiesota,  and  located  ui  Maple  Grove  in  1855. 
Married  Jane  A.  Faulkner  in  1852.  They  have 
six  children.  The  first  year  he  came,  he  had  to 
carry  provisions  on  his  back  from  St.  Anthony  to 
his  home,  a  distance  of  sixteen  miles.  At  that 
time,  Mimieapolis  had  but  two  houses.  Mr. 
Briggs  is  one  of  the  oldest  settlers  in  this  town. 

William  Brooks  was  born  in  Trumbull  county, 
Ohio,  December  6th,  1826.  He  remained  with 
his  parents  twenty  years.  Lived  in  Wisconsin 
eight  years,  and  came  to  Minnesota  in  1857,  locat- 
ing ill  Maple  Grove,  where  he  now  lives.  In  1852 
he  married  Mary  A.  Carter,  who  died  in  Decem- 
ber, 1861.  His  second  wife  was  Sarah  L.  Jenne- 
son.  The  first  eight  years  that  he  was  here,  he 
lived  in  a  log  house  that  was  covered  with  red- 
oak  shakes,  and  had  a  floor  of  split  basswood. 

Octave  Caron,  a  native  of  Canada,  was  born  in 
1836.  He  lived  there  seventeen  years  ;  then  came 
to  Minnesota,  and  worked  on  a  farm ;  also  at  the 
Sioiix  Agency.  In  1855  he  went  to  Shakopee. 
He  ran  a  ferry  for  two  seasons,  at  Mendota.  En- 
listed in  4th  Minnesota,  Company  E.  Was  in 
Sherman's  march  to  the  sea.  and  was  honorably 
discharged  in  I860.  He  has  lived  in  ^laple  Grove 
since  1878.  In  1859  he  married  Philoinene  Le 
Due.  They  have  nine  children  living.  He  owns 
land  ui  Brooklyn,  and  Wheatland,  Kice  county. 

O.  K.  Champlin,  born  in  Chenango  county,  New 
York,  January  Sth,  1832.  and  came  to  Maple 


Grove  in  1854.  He  married  Miss  H.  :M.  Bosworth, 
in  1857.  The  first  wintei-  he  passed  in  this  county, 
the  Winnebagoes  gave  him  some  trouble.  He 
built  his  house  in  the  woods,  using  wooden 
troughs  for  shingles.  Mr.  Champlin  was  in 
Stearns  county  during  the  Indian  outbreak. 
Nearly  all  the  people  left  the  country,  excepting 
his  family  and  a  young  man  named  Warner. 

John  Cook  was  born  in  Lincolnshire,  England, 
in  1820.  When  fifteen  years  of  age,  he  had 
learned  the  bakers'  trade;  came  to  America 
in  1849,  stopping  a  short  time  in  New  York  and 
Buffalo.  In  1850  he  went  to  DuPage  county, 
Illinois,  and  remained  five  years.  He  married 
Mrs.  Mary  Ami  Hardy.  Came  to  Minnesota  in 
1855  and  settled  in  Maple  Grove.  They  have  ten 
children  Living.     Mrs.  Cook  died  June  1st,  1876. 

Patrick  Darmody  (deceased)  was  born  in  Tip- 
perary,  Ireland,  in  1825.  Came  to  .Vmerica,  stop- 
ping a  short  time  in  New  Orleans  and  Cincin- 
nati, landed  in  Minnesota  May  24th,  1855,  and 
settled  in  Maple  Grove.  He  married  Ellen  Pe- 
ters, July  19th,  1855.  There  are  six  children 
livhig.    Mr.  Darmody  died  December  5th,  1879. 

Patrick  Devery,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  born 
in  1818,  and  lived  with  his  parents  twenty-one 
years.  He  then  came  to  America;  stayed  in  Ohio 
a  few  months,  and  in  New  York  ten  years. 
Came  to  Minnesota  and  settled  in  ilaple  Grove, 
October  1854 ;  he  made  a  shanty  of  rough  boards 
a  liedstead  of  hickory  poles,  and  used  aih-y-goods 
box  for  a  table.  Mr.  Devery  is  the  father  of 
eleven  children. 

Fredrick  Ebert  was  born  in  (Germany,  1816, 
came  to  Illinois  in  1817.  Married  October  10th, 
1K4S,  to  Julia  Ostrath,  of  Macon  county,  Illinois, 
and  lived  there  eighteen  years.  Came  to  Hennepui 
county,  in  1864.  Have  eleven  children  :  John, 
Frederick,  Margaret.  George,  Julia,  Adam.  Henry, 
Susan,  Charles,  Conrad  and  Willie. 

Louis  Pierre  Garvais  was  born  at  AVolf  River, 
near  Montieal  Canada,  in  1810.  Lived  there 
sixteen  years,  and  moved  to  Lake  Champlain, 
New  York,  where  he  resided  for  twenty-two 
years ;  then  came  to  Saint  Paul,  remained  there 
two  years,  and  one  year  in  Saint  Anthony,  after 
which  he  came  to  what  is  now  Maple  (irove.  He 
made  his  claim  on  what  is  known  as  Bottineau 
Prauie,  and  was  the  first  settler  in  this  town. 
For  nearlv  two  vears  their  onlv  neighbors  were 


326 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


the  Winnebago  Indians.  After  he  had  been  here 
nearly  two  years,  tlie  whites  began  to  settle 
around  liim.  He  married  Man-  Twombley,  in 
New  York,  October  lotli,  1830.  They  have  liad 
ten  children,  four  boys  and  six  gills,  all  living, 
with  tlie  exception  of  the  tirst-bom,  who  died  at 
the  age  of  eleven,  in  York  State.  On  tlie  loth  of 
October,  1880,  Garvais  and  wife,  celebrated  their 
golden  wedding,  at  Osseo,  impressive  ceremonies 
being  held  at  the  church.  Eight  children,  and 
seventy-five  grand  children  were  present. 

John  M.  Eddy  is  a  native  of  New  Haven,  \'er- 
mont.  When  twenty-two  years  old,  he  went  to 
California,  and  stayed  about  five  years.  In  1856 
he  came  to  Miiniesota,  and  settled  in  Maple 
Grove.  He  was  maiTied  in  1857,  to  Mary  E. 
Evans,  of  Chittenden  county,  Vermont.  Tliey 
have  five  children.  Mr.  Eddy  was  the  first  town 
clerk,  and  held  the  office  nine  years.  He  enlisted 
in  the  Second  Minnesota  Cavalry,  December  22d, 

1863,  was  discharged  December  2d.  1865,  and  has 
been  farming  since  that  time. 

W.  E.  Evans  was  born  in  Chittenden  county, 
Vermont,  December  28th,  1824.  He  remained 
there,  working  as  mill-wright,  until  he  came  to 
Minnesota ;  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Maple 
Grove,  and  built  the  first  house  on  this  road,  a 
log  cabin,  now  used  as  a  granary.  Before  liis 
block  house  was  finislied,  he  covered  it  with 
blankets  to  protect  his  family.  In  1847  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Lucia  C.  Austin,  of  ^'ermont ; 
she  died  in  1880.  Mr.  Evans  has  held  various 
town  offices  since  he  came  here. 

Leonard  L.  Hawkins  (deceased)  was  a  native 
of  New  Hampshire.  In  1829  he  married  Olivia 
P.  Wright,  at  Keene,  New  Hampshire.  He  lived 
in  ^'ermont  until  he  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1856. 
For  two  years  he  had  charge  of  the  tollgate  near 
the  University.  Mr.  Hawkins  died  in  1863,  and 
Mrs.  H.  resides  hi  Minneapolis  with  her  daughter, 
Mrs.  G.  W.  Chowen. 

S.  S.  Hawkins  was  born  September  12th,  1S42, 
at  East  Highgate,  A'ermoiit,  and  lived  there 
twenty-two  years.  He  went  to  Minneapolis  in 
1856,  remained  there  until  1859,  then  located  in 
Maple  Grove.     He  was  married   August  29tli, 

1864,  to  Mary  Woodworth.  lie  is  traveling  for 
O.  S.  Rixford,  of  East  Highgate,  Vermont ;  has 
been  in  tlie  busine.ss  for  twelve  years,  traveling 
winters,  and  spending  summers  at  home.  They 
have  four  children  living. 


Minerva  Hoff  was  bom  in  Ohio,  April  17th, 
1824,  and  lived  with  her  parents  imtil  twenty-two 
years  of  age.  She  was  married,  in  Ohio,  to  Lu- 
ther E.  Hoff,  October  19tli,  18.50.  They  came  to 
Maple  Grove,  June  2d,  1855,  being  among  the 
first  settlers  of  the  town.  They  have  five  chil- 
dren living,  ilr.  Luther  E.  Hoff,  her  husband, 
died  October  10th,  1864. 

Sarah  Kiefer,  a  native  of  New  York,  was  born 
April  30th,  1831.  She  lived  there  for  ten  years, 
and  then  moved,  with  her  parents,  to  ^lilwaukee, 
Wisconsin.  She  married,  April  10th,  1849  ;  came 
to  Minnesota  and  settled  in  Maple  Grove,  in  1864, 
and  has  since  made  this  place  her  home,  Mr. 
Kiefer  was  liorn  in  Germany,  September  5th, 
1820,  and  died  April  5th,  1874,  Mrs.  K.  has  nine 
children  livmg.  She  now  owns  one  hundred  and 
sixty  acres  of  land. 

Michael  Knopf  was  born  near  Buffalo,  New 
York,  in  1835.  Lived  there  ten  years,  then 
moved  to  Cook  county,  Illinois:  remained  there 
until  twenty-five  years  of  age.  He  was  educa- 
ted at  the  North-west  College  of  the  Evangelical 
Association  at  Napierville.  In  1860  he  came  to 
Kice  county,  Minnesota,  and  engaged  in  farming. 
He  enlisted  July  24th,  1864,  in  Company  E,  Sixth 
ISIinnesota  Infantry,  and  served  until  he  was 
honorably  discharged  in  1865,  at  Fort  Snelling. 
He  was  pastor  of  the  Evangelical  Church  at  Wa- 
seca for  three  years,  at  Frontenac  three  years, 
one  year  near  Henderson,  and  is  now  pastor  of 
the  Evangelical  Church  in  Maple  Grove.  Mar- 
ried in  1861,  to  Miss  S.  F.  Fritch. 

George  A.  Laflin,  a  native  of  Chittenden  coun- 
ty, Vermont,  was  Ijorn  February  lOtli,  1837;  he 
lived  there  nineteen  years,  and  came  to  Maple 
Grove,  Minnesota,  in  1856.  On  June  10th,  1867, 
he  was  married  to  Miss  Annie  L.  Eddy,  of  Maple 
Grove.  In  October,  1872,  she  died,  and  he  mar- 
ried for  his  second  wife,  Elizabeth  N.  Kerr,  Jan- 
uary 7tli,  1874.  Mr.  Laflin"s  first  wife  bore  him 
three  children,  and  he  has  two  by  liis  second  wife. 

Q.  A.  Laflin  was  bom  in  Milton,  Vermont, 
August  20th,  1850.  He  came  with  his  parents  to 
Minnesota  in  1856,  and  lived  in  the  town  of  Day- 
ton until  1876.  He  was  married  December  7th, 
1876,  to  Miss  Nellie  Knibbe,  who  was  born  in 
Holland  December  18th,  1858,  and  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1873.    They  have  two  children. 

David  Marchand,  a  native  of   Canada,    was 


MAPLE  OBOVE—BIOGEAPHICAL. 


327 


born  October  14tli,  1834.  He  lived  there  fifteen 
years,  then  removed  to  Massachusetts,  and  stayed 
until  1851,  wlien  lie  came  to  Minnesota,  and  set- 
tled in  Maple  Grove  ;  worked  at  carpenteiing  till 
1870,  and  has  since  that  time  followed  farm- 
ing. In  1863  he  joined  General  Sibley's  expedi- 
tion as  a  scout,  was  drafted  while  on  his  way 
from  Fort  Snelling  to  Ft.  Eidgely  and  was  ordered 
to  return  to  St.  Paul.  He  paid  three  huntU-ed  dol- 
lars for  a  sid)stitute.  He  was  detailed  for  duty  at 
Fort  \Vads\\drth,transferred  to  Fort  Abercronihie, 
and  again  transferred  to  Fort  Wadswortli ;  he 
left  there  in  Ivovember  1864,  and  returned  to 
Maple  Grove,  lie  married  Laura  Gasiier,  Sep- 
tember 20th,  1858.    They  have  six  children  living. 

Albert  A.  Opitz,  a  native  of  Ohio,  was  born  in 
Toledo,  August  4tli,  1855.  He  came  to  Minne- 
apolis May  1st,  1868,  and  worked  at  the  tinners 
trade  mitil  1879,  when  he  removed  to  Maple 
Grove.  He  manied  Mrs.  Nancy  Brownrigg,  Feb- 
ruary 15th,  1880,  who  was  born  in  Washington 
county,  Ohio,  in  1856.  Her  first  husband  died 
September  28th,  1879,  and  Mrs.  Brownrigg  maiTied 
Mr.  Opitz.  They  live  on  the  farm  purchased  by 
Mr.  Brownrigg. 

Otto  Ohrmundt  was  born  in  Germany,  Novem- 
ber 16th,  1848.  He  resided  in  his  native  connti-y 
with  his  parents  initil  he  came  to  America.  He 
came  to  this  comitry  in  1870,  and  after  a  residence 
of  eigliteen  months  in  Wisconsin,  came  to  Maple 
Grove,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  Germany,  in  1865.  Has  tw(j  children,  a 
boy  aged  eight,  and  a  girl  four  years. 

William  H.  Pavitt  came  to  Minnesota  in  the 
autumn  of  1855.  Remained  aliout  two  years  in 
MimieapoUs,  and  then  moved  to  Ookato,  Wright 
county  ;  staid  there  two  years  ;  then  returned  to 
Minneapolis,  and  remahied  until  1867,  when  he 
nu)ved  to  Osseo,  and  has  since  lived  on  his  farm, 
section  16,  town  of  Maple  Grove.  He  married 
Mary  L.  Hoff,  in  November,  1873.  She  is  a  na- 
tive of  Ilemiepin  count) . 

Catharine  Peters  was  born  in  Ireland,  in  1832. 
She  lived  with  her  parents  ten  years ;  then  went 
to  England,  and  lived  there  three  years;  then 
emigrated  to  America.  Came  to  Minnesota  in 
1855,  and  settled  in  Maple  Grove.  Married,  April 
4th,  1855,  to  Jolm  Peters,  who  died  October  30th, 
1866.  She  has  two  children  living.  James  was 
born  January  27th,  1856,  and  Edward,  March  4tli, 


1858.  The  family  is  living  upon  the  "  Peters  Es- 
tate," of  160  acres,  on  section  31.  Both  sons  are 
able  and  active  young  men,  conducting  the  farm 
with  ability. 

Sherman  Phelps,  born  in  Smitliville,  New  York, 
August  11th,  1820.  He  lived  there  twenty-three 
years  ;  then  moved  to  Cook  county,  Illinois,  and 
remained  imtil  1865,  when  he  came  to  Minnesota, 
and  located  in  Maple  Grove,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  Married  Anna  E.  Limlierger,  May  18th. 
1848,  who  died  February  14th,  1860.  Mr.  Phelps 
has  seven  children  living. 

A.  Robert  was  born  in  Belgivnn.  May  12th,  1813. 
For  forty-tlu-ee  years  he  lived  in  his  native  land, 
then  came  to  Minnesota,  and  settled  in  Corcoran. 
He  removed  to  Ma]ile  (^rove,  and  has  since  resided 
here.  In  1863,  he  enlisted  in  Hatches  Battalion 
Mum.  Cavalry,  and  was  discharged  in  May,  1866. 
Mr.  Robert  has  never  manied. 

Henry  Robert,  a  native  of  Belgium,  was  born 
May  15tli,  1819.  AVhen  thirty-four  years  of  age, 
he  came  to  America,  and  located  at  Lake  Superior ; 
then  removed  to  Mimiesota  in  1856  ;  Uved  at 
Greenwood  five  years,  and  in  Corcoran  two 
years ;  then  came  to  Maple  Grove.  He  removed 
to  Corct>ran  again,  but  returned  to  Maple  Grove, 
and  has  since  resided  here.  He  maraed  Miss 
Matilda  Twombley,  October  3d.  18.59.  They  have 
four  cliildren  living. 

William  Trott  was  lioni  in  England,  in  1828. 
He  came  to  America  in  1846,  and  worked  on  a 
farm  in  Orleans  county,  New  York,  a  few  years  ; 
then  went  to  Indiana,  as  foreman  on  a  raih'oad. 
Poor  health  compelled  him  to  resign.  He  came 
to  Minnesota,  in  1853,  and  bought  a  claim  in  Eden 
Prairie  ;  sold  it  for  $500  ;  then  explored  different 
parts  of  the  then  territory,  making  several  claims 
and  selling  them.  In  1854,  he  came  to  Maple 
Grove  ;  iiought  a  claim,  built  a  shanty,  which  he 
covered  with  bark,  and  lived  in  it  the  first  whiter. 
July,  1866,  he  married  Lilly  Sutherland,  of  Canada. 

Josiah  Weaver,  born  in  Miramichi,  New  Bruns- 
wick, November  26th,  1845.  Went  with  his  pa- 
rents to  Frederickton,  lived  there  nine  years  and 
came  to  Minnesota  in  1856,  with  his  father,  his 
mother  having  died  when  he  was  eighteen  months 
old.  Shice  coming  to  this  state  he  has  lived  with 
Mrs.  Hoff.  He  enlisted  .lanuary,  1865.  in  com- 
pany B,  Second  Minnesota  Infantry  Volunteers  ; 


328 


HISTOET  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


served  until  .Tiily  10,  1865,  when  he  was  dis- 
eliarged. 

J.  M.  Williamson,  a  native  of  Washington, 
Ohio,  was  born  February  24tli.  18o7.  He  came 
io  Mimu'sota  in  1865,  and  settled  hi  Maple  Grove, 
September  4th.  1880,  he  married  Miss  Sophia 
Zeorb.  His  father  enlisted  October  23d,  1861,  in 
Company  ]5,  Seventy-fifth  Ohio  Infantry,  but  was 
discharged  for  physical  disability,  and  was  not  able 
do  a  day's  work  after  he  came  out  of  the  army. 
Mr.  WiUiamson,  Sr.,  died  in  1880. 

L.  B.  Wilmot  was  born  in  LaPorte.  Indiana, 
August  18th,  1839,  and  lived  there  lifteeu  years; 
then  went  to  Minneapolis,  and  from  there  to  the 


Black  Hills,  where  he  remained  two  years.  Mar- 
ried Miss  K.  Foster,  August  12th,  1875,  and  now 
lives  iji  Maple  Grove.  They  have  one  child. 
George. 

E.  P.  Woodwortli.  born  in  Ashtabula  county, 
Ohio,  July  13th,  1844.  Lived  there  seventeen 
years,  and  in  Pennsylvania  tlu-ee  years.  He  en- 
listed in  the  naval  service,  August  13th,  1864; 
served  ten  months,  and  was  discharged.  lie  was 
married  July  24th,  1866,  to  Selina  C,  Clarke,  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  came  to  Maple  Grove  where 
he  has  since  lived.  They  have  three  children 
living. 


PLYMOUTH. 


CHAPTER  LIII. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION — FIRST  SETTLEMENT- 
ORGANIZATION VILLAGES— CHURCHES— SO- 
CIETIES—SCHOOLS — POST-OFFICES — HOTELS — 
ROSTER— BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Plymouth  is  situated  near  the  center  of  Henne- 
pin county  and  comprises  the  congressional  town- 
ship of  118  north,  range  22  west,  fifth  princi- 
pal meridian.  The  surface  is  undulating,  that 
l)ortion  of  the  town  around  the  north  end  of 
Medicine  Lake,  being  the  most  hilly.  When  first 
settled,  the  west  and  north-west  part  was  covered 
with  a  heavy  growth  of  timber,  covering  nearly 
half  of  the  town;  the  remaining  portion  being 
co\ered  by  brush,  v*ith  a  few  marshes  that  sup- 
port a  growth  of  tamarac.  The  pruieipal  woods 
are  maple,  oak  and  elm,  with  a  little  ironwood, 
ash  and  poplar.  The  soil  generally  is  a  clay 
loam.  Around  Parker's  Lake  it  is  sandy,  and  in 
some  places  giavelly.  Sandy  spots  occur  occa- 
sionally in  the  north-east  part.  The  town  is  in- 
terspersed with  numerous  lakes.  Among  them 
is  Medicine  Lake,  the  largest,  situated  in  the 
south-east  part    of  the  town.    It  is  a  beautiful 


body  of  water,  about  two  miles  long  from  north- 
west to  south-east,  and  nearly  three-quarters  of  a 
mile  wide  in  the  widest  part.  Tlie  south-east 
sliore  is  sandy,  which  with  a  sandy  bottom  makes 
it  an  excellent  bathing-place,  and  is  much  resorted 
to  for  that  purpose.  At  different  places  on  the 
east  and  west  shores,  the  banks  are  quite  high  and 
precipitous.  The  north  and  south  ends  are 
marshy.  Its  outlet  is  Bassett's  Creek,  which 
flows  out  of  the  south  end  and  passes  out  of  the 
town  at  the  south-east  corner  and  empties  into 
the  Mississippi  at  Minneapolis.  The  lake  derives 
its  name  from  an  Indian  legend,  which  says  that  an 
Indian  in  his  canoe  was  capsized  b>-  a  sudden 
storm,  and  the  Indians  not  being  able  to  find  his 
body,  gave  it  the  name  of  Medicine  Lake.  Bass 
Lake  is  in  section  2,  and  covers  about  one  hund- 
red and  fifty  acres,  with  an  island  of  several  acres 
in  the  center.  Its  shores  are  marshy,  and  its  out- 
let is  Bass  Lake  Creek,  which  leaves  the  lake 
from  its  north-east  corner,  flows  eastwardly  out  of 
the  town  and  empties  into  Shingle  Creek  in  the 
south-west  part  of  Brooklyn.  It  received  its 
name  from  the  large  number  of  bass,  they  being 


PLYMOUTff—FIBST  SETTLEMENT.' 


329 


almost  the    only  tisli   tliat  swim  in  its  waters. 
It  was  named  by  Antoine  Le  Count. 

Parlver's  Lake  situated  in  tlie  siiutlieni  pait 
of  section  28,  and  nortliern  part  of  section  33, 
covering  about  one  liundred  acres,  is  a  clear  and 
beautiful  sheet  of  water,  with  sandy  shores  and  a 
hard  Ijottom.  The  other  lakes  in  the  tov\n  are 
more  or  less  marshy,  and  small. 

FriiST   SETTLEMENT. 

Antoine  Le  Count  was  the  first  settler  in  the 
town,  comuig  in  October,  1853,  and  locating  on 
the  east  shore  of  jSIedicine  Lake,  on  section  24, 
where  he  now  lives.  Antoine  Le  Count  is  one  of 
those  men  whose  adventurous  life  deserves  a  record 
that  should  be  preserved  for  the  benefit  of  the  on- 
coming generations — a  record,  conunenciug  with 
the  primitive  history  of  the  Xorthwest,  and  ex- 
tending over  the  eventful  scenes  that  have  been  en- 
acted during  a  half  century.  The  writer  of  this  ar- 
ticle feels  it  to  be  a  pleasing  duty  to  give  in  brief 
the  facts  in  his  possession  coimected  with  this  ad- 
venturous traveler,  guide,  and  daring  explorer, 
oidy  regretting  that  the  limits  allotted  to  this  work 
will  not  allow  a  more  detailed  account  of  the  man 
whose  history  is  so  closely  interwoven  with  that 
of  the  Northwest.  And,  as  the  object  most  sin- 
cerely sought  for  in  this  work,  is  to  give  a  succinct 
and  truthful  statement  of  all  the  facts  witli  which 
it  has  to  deal,  the  reader  will  not  do  the  writer 
the  violence  to  think  tliat  he  is  reading  aught  but 
liistoric  truths,  as  he  follows  the  history  of  An- 
toine Le  Comit  and  his  father.  The  latter  was  a 
guide  in  the  early  days  ( )f  the  Territory,  carrying  the 
mail  from  tlie  Red  River  country  to  points  south; 
also  carrying  with  him  fancy  trinkets  and  wam- 
pum, made  by  the  Indians,  taking  them  to  St. 
Louis,  and  trading  or  sellhig  them  for  horses,  or 
whatever  his  shrewd  mind  suggested  would  pay 
him  to  bring  back  to  the  Red  River  country.  By 
this  means  he  accumulated  (piite  a  fortune. 
Among  the  early  French  settlers,  he  was  known 
by  the  name  of  Le  Gros.  He  took  I'ierre  Bottin- 
eau, when  he  was  about  twelve  years  ohl.  into 
his  family,  and  trahied  him  to  be  the  guide  that 
afterward  made  him  famous.  Antoine  was  born 
on  the  Minnesota  side  of  the  Red  River,  near  the 
International  boundary  line,  November  6th,  1822. 
In  the  summer  of  1837,  he  came  with  his  father 
to  Fort  Suelling,  remaining  until  September  fol- 


lowing, wlien  he  returned  to  his  home  on  Red 
River.  His  father,  in  connection  with  Franklin 
Steele,  made  a  claim  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  at  the  falls,  including  Nicollet  Is- 
land. The followmg  June  he  started  for  liis  claim, 
from  Red  River,  with  his  fannly.  'With  them 
was  a  gentleman  by  the  name  of  Tiiomas  Simpson, 
who  was  in  great  haste  to  get  through,  and 
did  not  wish  to  take  the  time  necessary  to 
go  around  by  Lac  qui  Parle,  and  offered 
Le  Count  a  tempting  price  to  pilot  him  across 
the  country  in  as  nearly  a  direct  line  as  possible. 
Le  Count  accepted  the  proposition,  and  gave 
Pierre  Bottmeau  charge  of  the  party  containLug 
his  family,  Pierre  Bottineau's,  and  others,  taking 
besides  himself  and  Mr.  Simpson,  his  son  An- 
toine, who  was  nearly  seventeen  years  old,  and 
two  others,  five  in  all.  and  started  across.  \Vlien 
about  a  day  and  a  half  on  their  journey,  Mr. 
Simpson  showed  signs  of  insanity,  but  did  not 
appear  to  be  dangerous.  About  sundown  the 
fourth  day  out,  while  the)  were  preparing  to  go 
into  camp,  Mr.  Simpson  seized  a  doulile-barrelled 
shotgun,  and,  without  a  moments  warning,  shot 
Mr.  Le  Count  and  one  of  the  men.  The  shots 
followed  each  other  so  rapidly  that  the  survivors 
thought  but  one  shot  had  l)een  fired.  Le  Count 
did  not  die  immediately,  but,  knowhig  his  end 
was  near  at  hand,  called  his  son  Ajitoine  to  him 
and  told  him  he  was  going  to  die.  giving  him 
instructions  how,  and  what  direction  to  take,  to 
reach  the  train  his  mother  was  with,  and  to  run 
for  his  life  before  Mr.  Simpson  had  time  to  reload. 
The  hii-ed  man  had  already  disappeared,  and 
young  Antoine,  with  trembling  anxiety,  watched 
his  opportunity,  and  made  his  escape.  He  had 
not  gone  far  when  he  heard  Mr.  Simpson  calling: 
"Jim!  Jim!  I  "■(the  hired  mani;  he  wanted  him 
to  take  him  back.  In  the  meantime.  Antoine  had 
found  Jim,  and  they  proceeded  together.  When 
about  a  mile  from  their  recent  cami>.they  heard  a 
gun  and  concluded  the  unfortunate  man  had 
killed  himself.  (They  subseciueiitly  found  that  he 
had  shot  at  and  wounded  one  of  the  horses,  i 
Urging  their  horses  to  their  >itmost  speed,  and 
following  the  track  advised  by  his  father,  the.\ 
struck  the  train  trail  of  Pierre  Bottineau  aljout 
daylight,  having  come  about  fifty  miles.  In  a 
short  time  they  were  in  camp,  and  told  their 
story.    Pierre  Bottineau  took  a  party  and  went 


3S0 


mSTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


back  to  the  scene.  When  lie  reached  it  he  found 
the  unfortunate  Simpson  had  added  his  own  life 
to  those  of  his  two  victims,  by  blowing  his  head 
entirely  to  pieces.  The  bodies  of  Le  Count 
and  the  other  man,  were  brought  back  and  taken 
to  Red  River,  and  there  buried.  Mr.  Simpson's 
body  was  left  on  tlie  spot. 

The  traui  then  moved  forward  on  its  road, 
and  reached  Fort  Snelling  about  the  middle  of 
July  1.S3.S.  Antoine  and  mother  remained  there 
until  the  following  spring,  when  they  moved  to 
Pigs  Eye,  where  he  remained  aliout  a  year.  From 
that  time  he  was  a  rover,  moving  from  place  to 
place  as  fancy  or  work  di<'tated,  until  he  settled 
in  Plymouth,  in  October  1S53.  With  Antoine 
Le  Count  came  Peter  Daniels,  who  made  his  claim 
adjoining  Le  Count,  on  the  north,  but  did  not  set- 
tle until  the  year  following. 

Almost  simultaneously  with  Antiiine  I^e  Count. 
came  Thomas  Hughes  and  family  into  this  wil- 
derness, the  lurking  place  of  Shakoi)ee  and  his 
Sioux  band.  No  roads  were  known  utlier  than  the 
wild  Indians  trail.  Hut  with  a  tixed  purpose  be- 
fore him.  this  hardy  and  intelligent  pioneer  has 
conquered  every  obstacle,  and  now  in  his  riper 
years,  is  enjoying  all  the  comforts  of  a  good  home 
and  the  confidence  of  his  fellow  citizens,  with  his 
enterprising  sons,  .James,  llenr\ ,  Charles  and  Ed- 
ward around  him,  all  possessing  the  indomitaljle 
will  of  the  father.  They  have  built  for  themselves 
nice  homes  and  rank  with  Plymouth's  respected 
citizens. 

Francis  Iluot  antl  (i.  1).  Hrawic)  <-aiae  during 
tlie  winter.  Mr.  Iluot  making  a  claim  on  the 
north  end  of  Medicuie  Lake.  Mr.Brawley  adjouiing 
him  on  the  west.  Neither  settled  at  tliat  time. 
Init  made  some  improvements  and  returned  to 
Saint  Anthony.  ^Ir.  I5rawle>  sold  his  claim  to 
Mr.  E.  Boucher,  and  Mr.  Iluot  returned  with  his 
family,  November  l-5tli,  18.54.  Following  these 
two  was  Charles  Mouseau,  who  made  a  claim  join- 
ing Le  Count  on  the  soutli,  did  not  move  on 
it,  but  made  a  tew  improvements.  At  the  same 
time  with  Mr.  Huot.  came  David  Gorham,  Joseph 
Jamme,  George  Burbeir  and  Edward  Burke. 

Corham  settling  on  section  17.  the  lirst  of  Marcli 
bS.54.  and  moved  his  family  in  September  18.5.5.  Mr. 
Jamme  selected  the  west  half  of  section  17.  as  his 
claim,  put  up  a  slianty  and  moved  his  family  in  Oc- 
tober that  >  ear.   Mr.  Burbeir  took  his  claim  on  the 


north-  east  cpiarter  of  section  8,  put-  up  a  shanty 
the  follow  ing  fall,  and  moved  his  family  in  the 
spring  of  18.5o;  lived  on  it  about  a  year  then 
moved  back  to  Saint  .\jithony.  and  now  lives  in 
Anoka.  ^Ir.  B<n'ke  made  his  claim  on  section  17, 
built  a  shant>-,  made  some  improvements,  but  be- 
ing a  single  man.  had  no  regular  habitation,  but 
teamed  back  and  forth  from  Saint  ^Vnthony. 
He  married  in  185.5,  and  moved  to  his  place,  lived 
there  about  a  year,  sold  out  and  moved  to  Saint 
Anthony. 

Israel  Michaud  made  a  claim  about  the  same 
time :  lived  on  it  a  few  years  ;  sold,  and  moved  to 
Medina,  but  subsecjuently  moved  back  to  Ply- 
mouth, where  he  was  killed  while  hauling  lumber 
in  the  summer  of  1877.  In  May.  18-54,  Jonas  H. 
Howe  came  and  made  a  claim  on  section  22. 
Henry  L.  Closes  came  in  July  following,  and 
made  his  clami  on  the  west  side  of  section  22.  living 
on  it  a  few  years  ;  he  now  lives  in  Dakota  coimty. 
Early  in  18.54.  C.  W.  Farrington  made  his  claim 
on  section  1.5,  and  moved  his  family  on  to  it  in 
March.  18.5.5 ;  subsequently  kept  a  hotel  for  a  num- 
ber of  >  ears.  Sanniel  Merdiant  made  his  claim  in 
September.  1854.  and  moved  his  family  to  it,  the 
followmg  May.  In  the  fore  part  of  October,  1854, 
came  three  Parker  brothers.  I.  S..  C.  D.  iuid  Alfred, 
and  settletl  around  Parker's  Lake.  Alfred  is  now 
living  in  Crystal  Lake,  I.  S.  in  Anoka  comity,  and 
C.  D.  is  still  a  resident  of  Plymouth.  Ilemy  Col- 
lins and  John  Carne  came  a  little  later.  James 
Berube  made  his  claim  in  December.  1854.  Init 
tUd  not  move  on  to '  it  with  his  family  until  No- 
vember. 18oo.  During  the  simimer  of  1854.  came 
James  Hughes  and  family,  and  settled  where 
the>  iKiw  live.  The  settlement  was  quite  rapid 
in  18.55.  Among  those  coming  were  Herman 
Sandhoff.  Francis  Day.  Charles  Tolmaii.  Amos 
Hoyt  and  wife.  D.  C.  Parker,  wife  and  his  father, 
the  Rev.  James  Parker.  The  wife  of  the  latter  died 
in  St.  Anthony,  of  cholera,  while  en  route,  and 
was  buried  on  the  site  of  the  present  city  of  Min- 
neapolis. 

In  .June.  1858.  the  Chippewa  Indians  made  a 
raid  on  their  deadh  enemies,  the  Sioux,  met 
tliem  at  Shakopee.  had  a  tight,  and  were  badly 
defeated.  I'poii  their  return,  they  passed  through 
the  town,  douig  bodily  injury  to  no  one.  but  stole 
and  killed  what  they  wanted  to  eat.  They  shot 
a  pair  of  steers  for  I.  S.  Parker,  and  Amos  Hoyt, 


PLYMOUTH— OBGANIZATION. 


331 


and  emptied  D.  C.  Parker's  corn  crib,  wounded  a 
cow,  and  stole  a  few  more  things  from  otliers. 
As  they  were  on  the  verge  of  starvation,  the 
whites  concluded  that  it  was  no  more  than  they 
would  do  themselves  under  like  circumstances, 
and  did  not  molest  tbem.  Besides,  it  may  be 
that  a  wholesome  regard  for  their  own  safety 
arose  to  the  surface  quietly,  but  not  to  that  ex- 
tent whicli  under  the  circumstances  made  it  neces- 
sary to  boast  loudly  of,  so,  Lo.  and  his  phuuler 
departed  in  peace,  but  not  without  leaving  many 
hearts  fluttering  with  twinges  of  fear  and  doubt 
for  their  safety.  A  military  comiiauy  of  twenty  was 
formed,  with  Charles  Tolmaii  for  captain,  wlio 
received  their  gims  fi-om  Saint  Paul,  and  for 
two  weeks  the  women  and  children  were  collected 
together  in  one  house  at  night,  while  the  men 
stood  guard  outside.  Hearing  there  was  a 
body  of  Sioux  massing  in  the  north  part  of  the 
town.  Captain  Tolman,  with  liis  men,  went  in 
search,  but  t\)und  no  traces  of  them.  It  was  sup- 
posed to  have  been  a  scare  gotten  up  by  one 
James  Moody,  who  lived  m  that  part  of  the  town, 
and  it  came  near  costing  him  his  life.  Other 
parties  subsequenth  found  traces  that  showed 
the  Indians  had  passed  thmugh.  near  where  he 
had  indicated  lie  had  seen  them.  This  quieted 
their  anger,  and  ended  the  disturbance. 

The  first  birth  in  town,  was  a  chilii  to  I).  C. 
Parker  and  wife,  April  25th,  1855,  two  days  after 
their  arrival  in  the  town.  It  lived  but  tvvo  or  three 
days.  A  boy,  Frank,  was  Ixiiii  to  Amos  Iloyt 
and  wife,  July  25th,  following,  and  December 
25th.  same  year,  twins  were  born  to  F.  A.  Clay 
and  wife,  tlien  living  on  section  38. 

The  first  death  that  occm'red  was  that  of  a  child 
belonging  to  Antoine  Le  Count,  which  was  caused 
by  overturning  a  kettle  of  hot  water,  in  December, 
1853. 

The  Rev.  James  Parker  was  the  first  justice  of 
the  peace,  appointed  January  1st,  1856.  His  son, 
D.  C.  Parker,  was  appointed  in  1857.  Mr.  Fran- 
cis Huot  was  appointed  the  same  year.  l)ut  never 
qualified. 

The  first  marriage  was  Jean  Bourgeoise  to  Miss- 
Rose  Rouilliar. 

The  first  school  in  the  town  was  established  in 
the  siunmer  of  1856,  in  a  little  shanty  belonging 
to  Oliver  Huart,  on  section  14.  in  what  is  now 
District  No.  51,  and  taught  by    Miss  Lormda 


Shaw,  who  also  taught  the  school  estabUshed  the 
following  year  in  what  is  now  District  No.  48. 

ORGANIZATION. 

The  first  meeting  for  the  purpose  of  forming  a 
town  organization,  was  called  at  the  house  of 
Francis  Day,  on  the  11th  day  of  May,  1858.  The 
meeting  was  organized  by  electing  G.  W.  Mes- 
senger for  Moderator,  and  J.  H.  Howe,  Clerk. 
The  room  being  too  small  to  accommodate  them, 
the  meeting  was  adjourned  to  the  hotel  kept  by 
Mr.  C.  W.  Farrington.  on  section  15.  The  fol- 
lowing officers  were  elected  :  Supervisors,  Fran- 
cis Huot.  chairman,  I).  C.  Parker  and  Francis 
Gorham  ;  Town  Clerk,  J.  II.  Howe;  Assessor, 
Francis  Day ;  Collector,  Charles  Tolman ;  Over- 
seer of  the  Poor,  Eustaehe  Boucher ;  Constables, 
Phillip  Otto  and  Alfred  Jordan ;  Justices  of  the 
Peace,  F.  A.  Clay  and  William  Karson. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  county  board  AprilKHh, 
1858.  for  tlie  i)urpose  of  establishing  the  bounda- 
ries of  the  townshii)s  in  the  county,  the  congres- 
sional town  of  118-22  was  named  Plymouth,  and 
the  first  meeting  was  called  under  that  name, 
which  produced  a  great  deal  of  dissatisfaction  on 
the  part  of  some  of  the  voters,  and  another  meet- 
ing was  called  for  June  21st.  1858,  which  met  at 
the  hotel  kept  by  C.  AV.  Farrington.  After  con- 
siderable discussion  a  vote  v\as  taken,  which 
resulted  in  favor  of  Medicine  Lake,  for  the  name 
of  the  town.  The  next  meeting  was  lield  at  the 
school  house  in  district  No.  51.  April  5th.  1859, 
and  the  call  was  issued  under  the  name  of  Medi- 
cine Lake,  and  the  Inisiness  transacted  under 
that  name.  The  following  year.  Aiiril  3d.  1860, 
the  meeting  was  held  under  the  name  of  Plym- 
outh, no  records  showing  when  or  how  the 
change  was  effected.  The  county  officials  never 
recognized  the  name  of  Medicine  Lake,  and  the 
name  reverted  back  to  that  given  it  by  the 
county  board.  The  name  was  taken  from  a  vil- 
lage called  Plymouth,  laid  out  on  the  north  and 
west  shores  of  Parker's  Lake,  in  1856. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  minutes  of  two 
meetings  held  in  the  town  in  1862:  "Agreeable 
to  a  call  of  the  citizens  of  the  town,  met  at  the 
house  of  Francis  Day  on  Monday,  the  18th  day  of 
August,  1862,  to  devise  means  to  raise  its  quota  of 
soldiers  for  the  army.  The  meeting  was  organ- 
ized by  choosing  Francis  Huot  Chau'man,  and  Jo 


332 


HISTOBT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


lias  11.  Howe  Secretary.  Chose  a  eommittee  of 
live  to  report  resolutions,  viz.:  .Jonas  II.  Howe. 
James  M.  Parker,  Francis  Berulie.  Xicholas 
IJofferiiing.  M.  D.  L.  Stevens.  Tlie  t'ollowiiig  res- 
olution was  reiwrted  adopted  unanimously:  Re- 
solved. That  we.  the  citizens  of  Plymouth,  be" 
lieve  it  to  be  the  duty  of  every  man  to  sustain  the 
government  iu  her  present  emergency,  either  in 
men  or  money,  and  we  pledge  ourselves  as  a  town 
to  furnish  our  quota,  if  it  can  be  done,  by  appeal- 
ing to  the  patriotism  of  her  citizens,  believing  we 
aie  second  to  none  in  the  love  of  our  country  aiid 
purity  of  pahiotism.  Resolved,  That  uiasmuch  as 
our  interests  are  equal  iu  the  cause,  those  who 
may  see  it  in  theii-  duty  to  enlist  vohmtarily, 
should  be  paid  a  bounty  by  the  town,  and  we 
hereby  pledge,  twenty-five  dollars  to  every  volim- 
teer  who  shall  enlist  from  the  citizens  of  this 
town.  Voted  that  the  Town  Clerk  be  hereby  in- 
sti-ucted  to  call  a  meeting  of  the  voters  of  said 
town,  to  meet  at  the  house  of  Fi-aiicis  Day,  on 
Satiu-day,  the  3(ith  day  of  August,  1862.  Ad- 
journed." 

"Agreeable  to  a  call  on  the  opposite  page,  the 
citizens  met  at  the  house  of  Francis  Day,  the  3Uth' 
day  of  August,  at  1  o'clock  p.  m.  1st,  chose 
Jonas  H.  Howe.  Moderator.  2d.  voted  to  pay  those 
who  have  volunteered  to  fill  the  call  for  the  last 
60,000,  a  bounty  of  twenty-five  dollars,  the  same 
to  include  all  whose  names  are  registered  and 
counted  from  the  town.  3d.  voted  that  the  to«ni 
cause  the  daguerreotypes  of  all  the  volunteers 
from  the  said  town  to  be  taken,  at  the  expense 
of  the  town,  and  that  the  Town  Clerk  is  author- 
ized to  see  that  they  are  taken.  Voted  that  the 
Town  Treasurer  be  authorized  to  borrow  money 
for  the  town,  to  pay  the  bounty  of  volunteers. 
Voted  that  the  Supervisors  Ije  appointed  a  com- 
mittee to  act  with  the  Treasurer,  and  to  correct 
the  list  of  volunteei-8,  if  foimd  necessary.  A'^oted 
that  such  of  the  vohniteei's  as  do  not  want  their 
bount\  down,  shall  be  entitled  to  legal  interest 
from  the  town  until  paid.  Voted  that  the  Super- 
visors are  hereby  authorized  to  act  for  the  town 
without  calling  a  special  meeting.  Adjourned. 
•  Jonas  H.  IIowk.  Town  Clerk." 

VILLAGE. 

The  site  for  the  village  of  Plymouth  was  lo- 
cated on  the  north  and  west  shores  of  Parker's  ' 


Lake,  in  the  fall  of  18-56.  It  was  laid  out  by 
Jared  and  Daniel  Demon  and  Messi-s.  Sherburne. 
Davie.  Davidson  and  Spicer.  They  bought  the 
Wayzata  Mill  and  moved  it  to  the  north-west 
corner  of  Parkers  Lake.  Xo  other  improvements 
were  made  excepting  the  erecting  of  small  shan- 
ties for  the  mill  hands:  the  mill  was  operated 
that  winter.  In  the  spring  the  water  in  the  lake 
rose  and  flooded  the  mill.  The  next  summer 
the  machinery  was  taken  out.  and  later  to  Min- 
neapolis, and  thus  ended  the  village  of  Plym- 
outh. 

CHCBCHES. 

The  Plymouth  Methodist  Church.  This  so- 
ciety was  organized  in  18t>s,  and  a  church  built 
on  the  north  side  of  Parker's  Lake.  The  fii-st 
services  were  conducted  by  Rev.  Charles  Haskell, 
who  continued  as  pastor  about  two  years.  It 
was  dedicated  by  the  Rev.  D.  Cobb,  at  that  time 
Presiding  Elder  of  the  District.  The  sabbath 
school  had  a  membership  of  forty  or  lifty  scholai-s. 
Miles  Dickey.  Superintendent.  The  structure  was 
burned  in  the  fall  of  1877.  Since  then  no  ser- 
vices have  been  held  by  the  society. 

Medicine  Lake  Catholic  Clmrch.  '^^lien  first 
built  ui  l.so8.  it  was  a  log  structure 24x32.  The 
first  services  were  conducted  by  Father  Le  Dow; 
at  that  time  the  membership  uiduded  about 
forty  families.  When  the  church  hi  Crystal  Lake 
was  built  a  few  years  later,  it  took  part  of  the 
membership.  In  tlie  spring  of  1877,  the  present 
church  was  built.  The  main  ImikUngis  36x50 
feet,  with  an  addition  16x18.  and  another  12x14 
feet.  In  its  present  unfinished  coniUtion,  it  will 
seat  two  hmidred;  when  completed  it  wiU  accom- 
modate four  hundred.  "When  completed  will  cost 
about  $2,60(1.  It  is  located  on  the  east  side  of  sec- 
tion lo.     Present  Pastor,  Father  Boucher. 

German  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church.  The 
first  meeting  of  this  society  was  held  at  the 
house  of  Herman  Saudhoft".  February  27th. 
1863.  Services  were  conducted  liy  Rev.  George 
Fachtman.  Services  were  held  m  the  school- 
house  and  at  Mr.  Sandhoff's  for  several  years. 
The  present  church  was  bmlt  iu  1880.  and  lo- 
cated on  the  west  side  of  section  14.  The  pres- 
ent pastor  is  the  Rev.  Herman  Fleer. 

SOCIETIES. 

Plymouth  Grange  Xo.  351.  was  organized  in 


PLYMOUTH— SCHOOLS— HOTELS— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


333 


Septemliei-.  1874.  The  officers  were:  ^Master,  J. 
M.  Parker;  Overseer.  H.  L.  Bradeii;  Secretary.  R. 
L.  Logan;  Financial  Secretary,  Dennis  Selimitz; 
Lecturer,  I.  S.  Parker;  Cliaplain,  A.  IL  Freiicli; 
Steward,  R.  B.  Dickey;  Ceres,  Mrs.  A.  P.  Parker; 
Pomona,  Mrs.  Barbara  Dickey;  Flora,  Miss  ^la- 
lietta  Parker:  L.  A.  S.,  Miss  Jane  Parker.  The 
Grange  had  twenty-one  charter  members  and 
reached  a  membersliip  of  forty-two.  It  was  well 
attended  and  in  a  flourishing  condition  until  many 
of  the  members  moved  away,  with  no  new  ones 
coming  in,  until  it  finally  suspended  in  1878. 

SCHOOLS. 

Miss  Lorinda  Shaw  taught  in  District  No.  .51  in 
1S56,  also  in  District  No.  48  in  1857.  In  1859 
they  built  a  log  house  on  the  west  side  of  sec- 
tion 14,  which  was  used  until  1868,  when  the 
present  house  was  built  on  the  same  site.  The 
second  school  was  established  in  what  is  now 
District  48,  in  the  summer  of  1857.  The  build- 
ing used,  was  a  log  structure  12x11)  feet,  and  lo- 
cated on  section  28.  The  number  of  scholars  was 
about  fifteen,  the  present  number  of  scholars  is 
aliout  eighty-five 

The  third  school  was  established  in  the  sum- 
mer of  18(i2,  and  taughtin  a  granary,  on  the  farm 
of  Francis  Bernbe.  Any  building  that  could  be 
obtaine<l  was  used  mitil  1867,  when  a  school 
house  was  built,  and  used  until  1874,  when  the 
present  one  was  built  on  section  17.  There  are 
in  the  town,  five  entire  and  si.x  joint  districts, 
witli  five  school  houses,  all  frame  and  well  furn- 
ished, excepting  in  District  104,  which  is  unfin- 
ished. All  have  patent  seats  exceyiting  Districts 
48  and  104. 

I'O.ST-OFFICES. 

The  first  post-oftice  established  in  the  town  was 
at  Jledicine  Lake,  in  the  spring  of  1859,  and 
Francis  Iluot  appomted  Postmaster,  who  held 
the  office  about  three  years,  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  brother  Louis.  Plymouth  Post- 
office  was  established  in  1865,  and  Nathaniel  Day 
appointed  Postmaster,  who  removed  it  to  his 
house,  on  section  15.  Mr.  Day  died  in  the  win- 
ter of  1867,  and  was  succeeded  by  Amos  Dick- 
inson, who  was  followed  by  James  Hough,  who 
held  the  ottice  until  it  was  discontinued.  In  1878 
another  office  was  established  on  section  4,  and 
Fred.  Guesman  appointed  Postmaster.    This  of- 


fice was  also  discontinued  in  the  spring  of  1880. 
Parker's  Lake  Post-office  was  established  June 
28th.  1871.  and  J.  M.  Parker  appointed  Postmas- 
ter, lias  held  the  office  to  the  present  time. 
South  Plymouth  Post-office  was  estal)lished  in 
1862,  and  located  on  section  33.  Mrs.  ^Matilda 
Clay  appointed  Postmistress.  "When  the  post- 
office  at  Wayzata  was  re-established,  in  1864. 
South  Plymouth  was  discontinued. 

HOTELS. 

The  "Farmers'  Home"  Hotel  was  built  by 
^Nicholas  Bolferding  in  1863,  and  kept  by  him  for 
several  years.  He  sold  it  to  Carl  Schiebe,  in  the 
spring  of  1872.  It  is  now  conducted  by  Carl 
Schiebe,  Jr.,  and  is  located  at  the  forks  of  the 
Waterto-ttii  and  Wayzata  roads,  on  the  west  side 
of  section  36. 

OFFICIAL  ROSTER. 

The  present  board  of  officers  for  the  town  are: 
Supervisors,  Jacob  Roths,  chairman,  David  Gor- 
liam  and  William  Eagan ;  Town  Clerk,  J.  H. 
Jordan  ;  Treasurer,  Carl  Schiebe.  .Tr.;  Assessor, 
J.  M.  Parker  ;  Constables,  J.  ^V.  Day  and  Timo- 
thy Ryan  ;  Justices  of  the  Peace.  J.  M.  Parker 
and  P.  J.  Winnen. 

Population  in  1880,  1,074.  Ximiber  of  acres 
in  the  town,  21,480.  .Valuation  of  real  estate, 
$268,343  ;  of  personal  property,  537,125.  Taxes 
for  1880,  $2,667. 

BIOGKAPIIICAL. 

Christopher  Braesch,  one  of  the  first  settlers 
on  Bass  Lake,  was  born  in  Prussia,  in  1830.  His 
parents  died  when  he  was  nine  years  of  age,  and 
he  was  engaged  in  farming  until  he  came  to 
America,  in  18.54.  After  living  in  Chicago,  Illi- 
nois, about  eighteen  months,  he  came  to  St.  An- 
thony, Minnesota,  where  he  built  a  small  house. 
In  1856,  he  made  a  claim  iu  Plymouth,  where  he 
now  lives.  Lived  on  his  claim  a  short  time, 
building  a  log  house,  then  returned  to  Minne- 
apolis, where  he  engaged  in  mason  work  three 
years;  was  employed  on  the  old  Eastman  and 
Gibson  mill,  and  others.  In  1859,  came  with  his 
family  to  his  claim  in  Plymouth,  where  he  has 
since  remained,  and  now  has  a  pleasant  home. 
He  married  Sophia  Peters,  at  Chicago,  in  18.54. 
They  have  six  children  :  Emma,  Albert.  Henry. 
Mary,  Minnie  and  Charley. 


3S4 


HISTOBT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Thomas  Clark  was  born  in  Yorkshire,  Eng- 
land, Xovemher  oth,  18:28,  and  lived  with  his 
father  until  eleven  years  of  age.  his  mother 
having  died  while  he  was  young.  At  the  age  of 
thirteen,  he  began  life  for  himself,  and  was  en- 
gaged in  farming  until  1850.  when  he  came  to 
this  country.  Resided  in  Massachusetts,  three 
years;  New  York,  live  years;  in  Canada  three 
years,  and  in  Huron  county,  Michigan,  until 
18'o9.  when  he  came  to  Plymouth.  He  enlisted 
in  the  Twejity-ninth  Michigan  Volunteers,  in 
1864,  and  was  mustered  out  at  Xashville.  Ten- 
nessee, in  186-5.  He  was  married  to  Jane  A. 
Sanderson,  of  England  in  1S4S.  They  have  had 
eight  children,  seven  of  whom  are  living. 

Joseph  AV.  Day  was  born  in  Piscataquis 
county,  Maine,  July  22d,  1849,  and  lived  with  his 
parents,  engaged  in  farming,  until  1865,  when  he 
came  with  his  father  to  Hennepin  county.  His 
father  died  in  1877.  leaving  Joseph  to  care  for 
the  mother  and  family.  He  has  made  his  home 
in  Plymoutli  since  coming  to  this  county,  and  in 
1871  settled  on  his  present  farm.  Married  Ellen 
S.  Hughes,  in  1871.  They  are  the  parents  of  foiu' 
children:  John  A..  Albert  AV..  Elmer  L..  and 
Elzada  B. 

Benjamin  Frost,  a  native  of  Maine,  was  born 
in  Hancock  county,  ilarch  15th,  18;^0.  His  par- 
ents died  when  he  was  twelve  yeare  of  age,  and 
in  1855  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and  engaged  in 
lumbering  with  L.  Day  and  Sons.  He  worked  on 
the  foundation  of  the  dam  at  the  falls,  and  on  the 
boom  piers  above  the  falls ;  also  helped  to  nui  the 
first  logs  for  the  mill  at  Minneapolis.  Married 
Ellen  Criukshank,  June  25th,  1862.  In  1868  he 
bought  the  farm  where  he  lives,  eight  miles  west  of 
Mimieapolis.  They  have  five  children :  Edwin, 
Ada,  Orin,  Benjamin,  Jr.,  and  Elva. 

David  Gorham,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of 
Hennepin  county,  was  l)orn  in  Quebec.  Canada. 
When  he  was  four  years  of  age  his  father  died, 
and  David  went  to  Montreal.  He  was  occupied 
in  farming  until  1836,  when  he  came  to  the 
United  States,  and  resided  two  years  in  A'irginia. 
and  twelve  yeare  in  Maine,  engaged  in  lumbering 
on  the  Penobscot.  In  April.  1849,  he  came  to  St. 
Anthony.  He  made  a  claim  of  160  acres  in  what 
is  now  Xortli  Minneapolis,  and  also  of  the  farm 
now  owned  by  K.   P.  Russell,  near  Lake  Cal- 


houn. He  ran  the  first  shingle  and  lath  mill  in 
the  place.  In  1854.  he  made  a  claim  in  what  is 
now  Plymouth  township,  and  after  remaining  on 
it  one  year,  retmiied  to  Mimieapolis.  where  he 
was  engaged  in  the  lumber  mills  for  about  twelve 
years.  In  1864.  he.  in  company  with  others, 
started  for  California,  but  on  reaching  the  Bad 
Lands,  were  surrounded  by  Sioux  Indians,  and 
held  seventeen  days,  then  rescued  by  General 
Sully"s  Cavalry.  They  then  returned  to  Minne- 
apolis, satisfied  with  their  adventure.  In  1867  he 
l)ought  his  present  farm,  and  has  since  lived  in 
Plymouth.  He  has  held  the  office  of  Supervisor 
for  ten  years,  and  has  done  much  for  the  cause  of 
education.  He  was  maiTied,  in  1850,  to  Miss 
Barber,  of  Maine.  They  have  had  nuie  children, 
seven  of  whom  are  living :  Addelle.  Thados. 
Edwlna,  David  G.  T.,  Emma,  Lizzie,  and  Ange- 
lina il.  Mary  L.  died  the  day  of  her  birth,  and 
Angelina  died  at  the  age  of  twelve  years. 

Jonas  H.  Howe,  a  native  of  Massachusetts, 
was  born  in  Worcester  county,  April  29th,  1821, 
He  attended  the  Academy  at  Deerfield  and  New 
Salem,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  went  to 
Boston  for  two  years,  then  returned  to  his  fath- 
er's farm  for  nine  years.  He  came  to  Hennepin 
county  in  1854.  and  made  a  claim  where  he  now 
lives.  The  same  year,  went  with  a  party  to  Crow 
Wing  to  get  out  timber  for  the  first  Suspension 
bridge.  In  the  fall,  built  a  cabin  sixteen  feet 
square,  on  his  claim.  This  was  the  second  house 
biult  in  the  township.  He  brought  the  lumber  for 
his  house,  from  St.  Anthony,  floating  it  across 
Medicine  Lake,  as  there  was  no  road  around.  In 
1855  his  family  joined  him.  In  1864  he  was 
appointed  enrolling  clerk  for  the  township,  and 
afterwards  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Eleventh  In- 
fantry, with  the  rank  of  sergeant,  and  served  one 
year.  He  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives in  1865.  In  1S78  his  dwelling  was  de- 
stroyed by  fire,  and  he  hiimediately  rebuilt  a  more 
substantial  house.  Mr.  Howe  has  been  town 
clerk  for  a  number  of  yeare,  justice  of  the  peace, 
and  was  census  enumerator  in  1880;  has  always 
taken  an  active  part  in  the  affairs  of  the  towii. 
His  wife,  whom  he  married  ui  Massachusetts,  was 
Margaret  Swendell,  of  Boston.  They  have  had 
ten  children,  seven,  now  living.  Cora,  the  eldest, 
was  a  member  of  the  first  class  at  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb  Institute  at  Faribault ;  .was  a  pupil  sev 


PLYMOUTH— BIOGBAPHICAL. 


335 


en  years,  and  taught  three  years,  when  poor 
liealtli  compelled  her  to  retire  from  tear-hing. 

Thomas  Hughes,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of 
Plymouth,  was  honi  in  England,  November  25th, 
1803.  He  served  live  years  in  the  British  Army, 
and  in  1 849,  brought  his  famil>  to  America,  and  lo- 
cated at  Burlington,  Iowa,  until  the  fall  of  1853, 
when  he  removed  to  Minnesota.  He  settled  on 
the  claim  in  what  is  now  Plymouth,  where  he 
has  since  resided.  At  tlie  time  he  came,  there  were 
no  roads,  exceptuig  the  Indian  trails  used  by  Sha- 
kopee  and  his  band  of  Sioux.  Mr,  Hughes  has 
given  his  attention  to  farming,  since  his  first  .set- 
tlement, and  has  built  up  a  line  home.  He  was 
married  to  Hannah  Buckell,  in  England,  Febru- 
ary 6th,  1825,  They  have  had  nine  children,  six 
of  whom  are  living  in  Hennepin  county,  Xames 
of  chikh-en  :  James,  Mary  Ann,  John  (deceased) 
Thomas,  Henry,  Charles,  Ellen  (deceased)  Ed- 
ward and  Ellen  second,  (deceased.)  His  son, 
Thomas,  who  is  now'  living  with  him,  enlisted 
in  the  Sixth  Minnesota  Infantry  in  1861,  served 
one  year  and  was  transferred  to  Company  K, 
Twenty-third  Kegiment  A^eteran  Reserve  Corps, 
and  served  until  mustered  out  at  St.  Paul  in  1865. 
He  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Birch  Coolie  and 
Wood  Lake,  during  the  Indian  outbreak, 

James  Hughes  was  born  in  England,  .January 
2d,  1825,  He  remained  with  his  parents  until 
the  age  of  twenty-one,  in  the  meantime  serving 
an  apprenticeship  of  seven  years  at  the  black- 
smith trade.  He  then  went  to  Wales,  and  was 
engaged  in  Lee's  iron  works  for  nine  months ; 
returned  to  England,  and  established  a  smithing 
business.  In  1852  he  came  to  Burlington,  Iowa, 
and  engaged  in  business  there  until  March,  1854, 
when  he  started  for  ilinnesota,  with  six  yokes  of 
oxen,  two  cows  and  one  wagon.  The  journey 
was  pleasant  until  they  aiTived  in  Minnesota 
Territory,  where  they  found  large  bodies  of  snow 
and  no  roads.  He  was  obliged  to  leave  his  fam- 
ily alone  in  the  wagon  one  night,  while  he  went 
in  search  of  food  and  assistance,  during  a  terrific 
storm.  When  he  arrived  at  Red  Wing  he  liad 
only  five  oxen  and  one  cow,  the  others  having 
perished  on  the  route.  Shipped  from  there  to  St, 
Paul,  sold  his  cattle,  went  to  St.  Anthony,  and  in 
May,  1854,  made  his  claim  in  Plymouth,  where 
he  has  since  lived.  He  engaged  in  farming  and 
smithing  until  the  war  of  the  rebellion.    July, 


1864,  he  enlisted  in  the  Eighth  ^Minnesota,  and 
was  detailed  as  post-blacksmith  at  Fort  Snelling, 
where  he  served  until  mustered  out,  May,  1865. 
He  has  been  active  in  all  public  affairs  of  the 
township,  and  has  held  all  its  offices.  He  was 
married  to  Elizabeth  Hatcher  in  England,  April, 
1848.  They  have  had  nine  children,  of  whom  six 
are  living:  Edward,  Ellen.  John,  Julia,  Thomas 
and  Carrie, 

Henry  Hughes,  son  of  Thomas  Hughes,  was 
born  in  England,  January  2Sth,  1835,  He  came 
to  the  United  States  with  his  parents,  and  was 
engaged  in  l)lacksmitliing,  at  Burlington.  Iowa  ; 
came  with  his  parents  to  ^limiesota  in  1853,  vrith 
two  yokes  of  oxen,  two  cows,  three  horses  and 
two  wagons,  being  twenty-seven  days  on  the 
road.  He  worked  at  blacksmithing  in  Minne- 
apolis, one  year,  then  joined  his  father  on  the 
homestead  in  Plymouth.  He  was  married  De- 
cember 4th,  1862,  to  Mary  A.  Case,  of  Ohio,  who 
has  borne  him  eight  children,  seven  of  whom  are 
living.  In  July,  1864,  he  enlisted  in  the  Eighth 
Minnesota  Infantry,  and  was  mustered  out  May, 

1865.  Mr.  Hughes  has  a  fine  farm,  and  in  con- 
nection with  it,  carries  on  the  lilacksmithing 
business. 

Charles  W.  Hughes  was  l)orn  in  England,  May 
2d,  1838.  He  came  with  his  parents,  Thomas 
and  Hannah  Hughes,  to  America  in  1849,  and  to 
Minnesota  in  1853.  Charles  AV.  remained  in  St. 
Anthony,  working  with  Daniel  Bassett,  one  of 
the  first  carriage-makers  in  the  pl^ce,  one  and 
one-half  years.  He  and  his  brother  Henry  made 
claims  in  Benton  county,  remained  one  year,  but 
were  obliged  to  abandon  their  claims  on  account 
of  scarcity  of  provisions.  In  the  fall  of  1859,  he 
built  a  carriage  shop  near  the  suspension  bridge, 
in  Minneapols,  and  remained  there  until  1861, 
when  he  enUsted  in  Company  1),  First  Mmnesota 
Infantry,  and  served  until  mustered  out  in  May, 
1864,  He  participated  in  twenty-one  engage- 
ments, some  of  them  the  hardest-fought  battles 
of  the  war.  In  1864  he  joined  Gen.  Sully's  expe- 
dition up  the  Yellowstone ;  returned  in  the  fall 
and  worked  for  the  government  at  Fort  Snelling, 
till  the  spring  of  1865,  when  he  came  to  Plymouth, 
bought  forty  acres  of  land,  to  which  he  has  since 
added  forty  more,  and  has  binlt  up  a  good  home. 
Married  to  Martha  Hatcher,  of  Ileinieiiin  county. 
May  14th,  1865,    They  have  eight  children. 


336 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Edward  Hughes  was  bom  in  England.  October 
IStli,  1849.  At  tlie  age  of  three  yeai-s.  his  father 
and  family  came  to  the  United  States,  and  resided 
at  Burlington.  Iowa,  until  18-54.  when  they  came 
to  Minnesota.  Here  Edward  grew  to  manhood, 
and  farmed  with  his  father  until  Xovember  28th, 
1871.  when  he  was  married  to  Sarah  Day.  of 
this  county.  They  settled  on  the  present  farm 
in  March,  1873.  They  are  the  parents  of  four 
children:  George,  Edward,  Ada  and  Edna, 

Joseiih  .lamme,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of 
Hennepin  county,  was  born  east  of  Quebec,  Can- 
ada, May  16th,  1814,  He  lived  vrith  his  parents 
on  the  farm  until  he  reached  the  age  of  twenty- 
foiu',  and  in  1S3S.  removed  to  the  I'niteil  States, 
residing  in  ilaine,  engaged  in  lumber  business 
near  Bangor.  In  1853  he  came  to  Minnesota, 
and  spent  two  years  lumbering  at  St.  Anthony 
and  on  the  river.  In  lS-5-5  he  made  a  claim  of 
160  acres,  in  what  is  now  Plymouth,  where  he 
now  lives.  After  residing  on  his  claim  one  year, 
he  returned  to  Minneapolis  and  engaged  in  lum- 
bering until  1866,  since  which  time  he  has  resid- 
ed in  this  town  where  he  has  a  pleasant  home 
twelve  miles  west  of  the  city.  lie  was  married 
in  Oldtown.  Maine,  to  Miss  Celeste  Barber,  of 
that  place.  Tliey  have  had  nine  children,  of 
whom  six  are  living.  Those  living  are:  Addie 
P.,  Clara.  Phwbe,  Joseph  B..  Henry  C  and  Ber- 
nard (J. 

Alexander  G.  Jardine,  a  native  of  Scotland, 
was  bom  in  Ayreshire.  on  the  sth  of  October.  1 847. 
At  the  age  of  tifteen  he  commenced  to  learn  the 
blacksmith  s  trade,  also  worked  for  a  time  with 
Randolph,  Elder  &  Co..  ship  builders  of  Govan. 
Scotland.  In  1869,  he  went  to  Canada  ;  stayed 
one  year,  and  then  removed  to  Massachusetts, 
but  afterward  returned  to  Canada,  and  in  1879. 
he  came  to  Plymouth,  Minnesota,  and  established 
a  blacksmith  shop,  where  he  is  doing  a  thiivliig 
linsiness.  October  19th,  1880,  he  mamed,  in 
Minneapolis,  Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  William 
and  Ellen  Allen,  of  Scotland. 

John  II.  Jordan,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  born 
January  16th.  lS4o.  Wlien  seven  yeai-s  of  age, 
he  came  with  his  parents  to  America.  They 
landed  in  Xew  York  in  the  fall  of  1852,  and 
went  to  Newark,  Xew  Jersey,  for  a  short  time, 
and  in  1853,  moved  to  Illinois.  In  the  spring  of 
1855,  tliey  came  to  Minnesota,  and  made  a  claim 


on  section  18  of  what  is  now  PhTiiouth  township, 
where  they  experienced,  of  course,  their  share  of 
the  hardships  of  pioneer  Ufe.  In  July.  1864, 
John  H.  enlisted  in  the  Sth  Minn.   Regt.   Vol.. 

■  served  nine  months,  and  was  mustered  out  at 

I  Port  SnelUng.  ilay  Ifith.  1865.    He  returned  to 

'  the  homestea<l  and  lived,  until  his  marriage  with 
Anna  M.  Weidenbach.  which  occuned  in  Xovem- 
ber.  1868.  In  1871.  he  bought  the  farm  where  he 
now  lives.    Mr.  Jordan  has  lieen  active  in  all  the 

I  public  afl'airs  of  the  town,  also  in  promoting  the 
causes  of  Christianity   and  education.    He  has 

;  been  assessor  for  six  yeare,  also  justice  of  the 
peace,  and  school  officer  for  a  number  of  years. 
At  present  he  fills  the  office  of  town  clerk.    They 

I  have  had  six  children,  only  three  of  whom  are 

I  li^^ng:  Anna,  John  and  Alexander. 

Mathias  Klausman  was  bom  Jmie  12th.  1828, 

,  in  Baden,  Germany.     He  lived  with  his  parents 

I  imtil  twenty  years  of  age,  wlien  he  went  into  the 
German  army  for  a  time.  In  1852.  he  emigrated 
to  America,  stayed  in  Xew  York  a  short  time. 

I  then  removed  to  Ohio,  where  he  was  engaged  in 
farming,  and  also  freighting  ft)r  the  iron  works, 
until  September.  1864,  when  he  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany P.  One  Hundred  and  Eighty-first  Ohio 
Volunteer  Infantry,  and  served  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  In  1866,  he  came  to  Minnesota,  and 
settled  on  a  farm  in  Can-er  county,  where  lie 
lived  seven  years,  then  sold  out,  and  came  to 
Plymouth;  bought  ninety-seven  acres,  on  the  east 
side  of  Medicine  Lake:  in  1874,  he  bought  fifty- 
one  acres  more  in  section  23.  He  has  a  fleet  of 
pleasure  l)oats.  and  his  place  is  one  of  the 
pleasantest  on  the  lake,  situated  six  miles  west 
of  Muineapolis.  Mr.  Klausman  married  Miss 
Prances  Kreyer,  of  Germany.  January  12th,  1855. 
They  have  three  living  children:  Peter.  Charles, 
and  Prances. 

Thomas  Ottaway,  a  native  of  Devonshire,  Eng- 
land, was  born  May  16th.  1828.  AA'hen  he  had 
grown  to  manhood  he  took  the  superintendency 
of  an  extensive  farm  near  his  birthplace.  The 
most  of  his  time  was  spent  in  tliis  business  until 
1869,  when  he  broiight  his  family  to  America. 
He  was  with  'William  King,  at  Lyndale  farm,  one 
year,  then  superintended  the  Wilmar  farm,  for 
five  years,  and  in  1876  lie  bought  a  farm  at  Par- 
ker's lake,  but  sold  in  1880.  and  bought  where 
he  now  resides,  one  and  one-half  miles  east  of 


PL  TMOUTH—BIOGBAPHICAL. 


337 


Wayzata.  ^Ir.  Ottaway  was  married  to  Miss 
Mary  E.  Kowell,  of  England,  August,  1 850.  They 
are  the  parents  of  two  children:  Mary  and  Emily. 

Daniel  C.  Parker  was  born  in  Cunilierland 
county,  Maine,  .June  f)th,  1823.  "Wlien  four  years 
of  age  he  went  with  his  father's  family  to  Ohin, 
and  remained  nine  years:  then  retnrned  to  Maine. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  began  ship-building, 
and  was  engaged  in  this  business  eleven  years, 
helping  build  some  of  the  largest  sailing  vessels 
of  that  time.  On  the  28th  of  May,  185],  Mr. 
Parker  married  Miss  Hester  A.,  daughter  of  Ira 
and  Betsey  Green,  of  Maine.  In  the  spring  of 
1855  he  came  to  Minnesota  and  pre-empted  the 
Farm  where  he  now  lives.  In  those  days  hunber 
was  hard  to  olrtain,  and  he  built  a  log  cabin,  20x30 
feet,  using  bass-wood  Ijark  for  sli  ingles;  he  now 
has  a  tine  large  barn,  and  about  the  year  1870, 
he  built  his  present  residence.  He  has  taken  an 
active  part  in  all  public  affairs  of  the  town;  he 
was  a  member  of  the  first  school  board,  chairman 
of  the  first  town  board,  and  was  also  a  delegate 
to  the  first  convention  held  in  the  state.  They 
have  had  a  family  of  seven  children;  only  five 
are  living. 

James  M.  Parker,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Ply- 
mouth, was  bom  in  Cumberland  county,  Maine, 
September  5th,  1820.  He  accompanied  his  par- 
ents to  Kentucky,  remained  there  one  year 
and  left  on  account  of  hostile  Indians,  removing 
to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  his  father  engaged  in 
ship-building.  He  remained  there  until  183fi' 
when  they  returned  to  Maine.  James  lived  with 
his  parents  until  184(5,  when  he  married  Ainia  P. 
Ridley,  and  removed  to  Massachusetts,  remain- 
ing one  year.  lie  returned  to  Maine,  and  in  185(1, 
brought  his  family  to  Minnesota,  and  made  the 
claim  in  this  town,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
His  father  preceded  him  one  year.  There  were 
no  roads  at  that  time,  and  the  Indians  were  con- 
tinually passing  to  and  fro.  He  has  held  all  the 
offices  of  the  township,  and  has  been  justice  of 
the  peace  twenty-one  years ;  has  been  postmaster 
at  Parker's  Lake  tor  nine  years.  He  has  also 
been  largely  interested  in  the  cause  of  education. 
Alfred  A.,  George  M.,  Ella  J., Marietta  M.,  Fran- 
cis E.,  Dora  A.,  Carrie  E.,  Walter  I.,  Ida  A.,  are 
their  children.     Eugene  E.  died. 

John  H.  Past  was  born  in  Luzerne    county, 

Pennsylvania,  March  23d,  1849.    He  came  with 
22 


his  father  to  ^Minnesota  in  1859,  and  remained 
until  1863,  when  they  went  to  Delaware.  In 
1877,  John  H.  returned  to  Minnesota,  where  he 
has  since  remained.  Married  Miss  Margaret 
Rowan,  of  Pennsylvania,  December  25tli,  1864. 
They  have  had  four  children;  only  one  of  them 
is  living. 

Ileiny  Prohl  was  born  in  Mecklenburg-Schwer- 
en,  in  1827.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  started 
in  life  for  himself,  and  engaged  in  farming  imtil 
1858  when  he  came  to  this  country,  and  to  Miiuie- 
apolis.  After  living  there  nine  years,  he  bought 
the  farm  where  he  now  lives,  on  the  south  shore 
of  Bass  Lake.  Wlien  he  came  to  this  country 
he  was  a  poor  man;  now  has  a  fine,  well-stocked 
farm.  He  was  married  in  Minneapolis,  in  1859, 
to  Dora  Went,  of  his  native  place.  They  have 
had  eight  children,  only  two  of  whom  are  living : 
Charles  and  Henry. 

r.  Radintz,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Plym- 
outh, was  born  in  Prussia,  J(nie  29th,  1828.  He 
remained  with  his  parents  until  fifteen  years  of 
age,  when  he  began  life  for  himself,  and  was  en- 
gaged as  shepherd  until  1852,  when  he  came  to 
America.  lie  went  to  Sheboygan,  Wisconsin, 
and  thence  to  the  Lake  Superior  copper  mines 
for  nearly  two  years.  In  October  18.54,  he  came 
to  what  is  now  Plymouth,  and  made  a  claim  of 
the  farm  where  he  now  lives.  He  Imilt  a  small 
log  house  and  shaved  out  shingles  for  the  roof. 
After  remaining  one  year,  he  removed  to  Saint 
Anthony  where  he  was  engaged  in  well-digging 
for  two  years.  In  November  1857,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Christina  Snabel,  of  Pi-ussia,  and  located 
on  this  farm,  which  he  has  since  improved  un- 
til it  is  a  fine  place.  He  has  been  treasurer  of 
of  the  school  district  and  has  done  much  for  the 
cause  of  education.  Of  the  fourteen  children 
born  to  them,  eleven  reside  with  their  parents  on 
the  farm. 

Nicholas  Roehl,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  born 
February  21st,  1827.  When  Nicholas  was  ten 
years  old.  his  father  died,  and  four  years  later, 
he  began  teaching,  which  he  continued  four  years. 
His  mother  died,  and  he  engaged  in  farming  for 
nine  years.  He  was  married  January  22d,  1849. 
to  Anna  ^Mary  Schneider,  and  in  June,  1854, 
brought  his  family  to  America,  and  settled  near 
Samt  Paul.  In  April,  1864,  he  bought  the  farm 
in  Plymouth,  where  he  now  lives,  situated  eleven 


338 


mSTOBT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


miles  west  of  Minneapolis,  where  he  has  built  up 
a  pleasant  home.  He  lias  been  supenisor  and 
justice  of  the  peace,  and  has  also  been  assessor 
three  years.  Of  the  twelve  children  bom  to  them 
eight  are  now  living. 

Jacob  Roths,  a  native  of  German)-,  was  born 
August  6th,  183".  He  remained  with  his  parents 
until  he  reached  maturity.  He  was  married  Oc- 
tober 19th,  186-5.  to  Katherine  Xilles.  of  Ger- 
many, and  in  November  started  for  America.  He 
came  directly  to  Minnesota  and  lived  on  Medicine 
Lake  till  January  1866,  when  he  bought  the  farm 
where  he  now  lives.  He  has  been  treasurer  oi 
the  township  foiu:  years,  also  supenisor,  and  is 
chairman  of  the  present  board.  He  has  a  fam- 
ily of  seven  children  :  four  boys  and  three  girls. 

August  F.  Sandhoff  was  bom  in  Pmssia,  April 
23d,  1834.  He  lived  with  his  parents  imtil  twen- 
ty-one years  of  age,  and  worked  at  carpenters" 
trade  until  1861,  when  he  came  to  America.  He 
located  in  Saint  Anthony,  and  in  1868,  bought 
the  farm  where  he  now  lives,  in  the  town  of 
Plymouth,  eight  miles  from  Mimieapolis.  In 
1869  he  was  married  to  Miss  WiUmina  Sprung, 
of  Prussia.  They  are  the  parents  of  five 
children,  three  of  whom  are  living  :  Otto.  Emma 
and  Mary.  Mr.  Sandhoff  has  been  prominent  in 
the  growth  of  the  town.  He  aaid  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Evangelical  Church. 

Herman  A.  Sandhoff  was  born  in  Prussia,  Jan- 
uary 13th,  1830.  He  lived  with  his  parents  un- 
til the  age  of  eighteen,  when  he  began  the  trade 
of  stone  mason,  and  in  18-51.  moved  to  Berlin, 
where  he  worked  until  18-54.  He  then  came  to 
America  and  worked  at  his  trade  in  Galena,  Hli- 
nois.  a  few  weeks,  then  came  to  St.  Antliony, 
where  he  worked  seven  months,  on  the  old  Island 
mill  and  the  paper  mill.  In  January  1855,  he 
made  a  claim  to  the  farm  where  he  now  lives. 
At  that  time  the  region  around  him  was  an  un- 
broken wildemess,  save  one  or  two  settlers.  He 
was  married  to  Miss  AmeUa  Schmidt,  of  Henne- 
pin comity.  They  have  had  seven  children,  six 
now  li\-ing.  Mr.  Sandhoff  has  been  supervisor, 
and  has  been  active  in  promoting  the  affairs  of 
the  town.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Lutheran  Church. 

Carl  Schiebe  Sr.,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  born 
on  the  8th  of  January,  1822.    He  lived  with  his 


parents  until  twenty-one  years  of  age,  when  he 
commenced  freighting,  and  was  thus  engaged 
until  1863.  when  he  came  to  America ;  he  lived  in 
New  York  three  years,  and  in  1866.  removed  to 
iliimeapolis,  where  he  remained  seven  years.  In 
1873  he  bought  two  hundred  acres  of  land  in 
Plymouth,  and  built  a  house,  18x28  feet,  which 
he  proposed  to  use  for  a  hotel ;  he  soon  foiuid  it 
was  not  large  enough  to  accommodate  the  nu- 
merous travelers,  so  he  Iniilt  an  adition  20x28 
feet ;  the  house  is  now  well  known  throughout 
the  county  as  the  Farmer's  Home.  In  1879,  he 
bought  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land  in 
section  35,  where  he  erected  a  large  dwelling 
house  and  bams  on  the  Mmneapolis  and  Wayzata 
road.  In  1844,  Mr.  Sdiiebe  married  Johanna 
Genka,  of  Prussia. 

Frederick  Henry  Benjamin  Schmidt  was  born 
in  Prussia.  December  27th,  1829.  He  lived  with 
his  parents  imtil  twenty-one  years  of  age,  when 
he  enlisted  in  the  Pnissiau  army,  and  served  three 
years.  In  18-53  he  came  to  America,  and  after  a 
stay  of  one  j  ear  near  Chicago,  came  to  St.  Antho- 
ny, and  in  the  spring  of  18-55,  made  a  claim  of  160 
acres  where  he  now  lives.  He  resided  in  St.  An- 
thony eleven  yeai-s,  engaged  in  carpenter  work 
and  teaming.  In  January.  1854,  he  made  a  trip, 
with  team,  to  the  Eed  Eiver  country,  and  was 
out  twenty-nine  days.  During  this  trip  he  expe- 
rienced many  hardships,  being  several  days  with- 
out food  for  himself  or  team.  He  was  married 
December  17th,  1857.  to  Barbara  Ortlieb,  of 
Prussia,  and  in  the  following  spring  moved  to  his 
home  in  Plymouth,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He 
has  been  school  officer  for  a  number  of  years. 

Dennis  Schmitz  was  born  in  Coblentz  Parish, 
west  of  the  River  Rhine,  April  29th,  1827.  He 
lived  with  his  parents  until  eighteen  years  of  age, 
when  he  entered  the  army,  and  served  until  1850. 
In  18-52  he  came  to  America ;  spent  three  yeare 
in  the  lumber  regions,  of  Michigan,  and  in 
1855  came  to  Minnesota.  The  same  year,  his  fa- 
ther and  family  emigrated  to  America,  and  mak- 
ing claims,  settled  in  what  is  now  Plymouth.  Mr. 
Schmitz  has  been  active  in  all  public  affairs  of  the 
town :  was  a  member  of  the  first  school  board, 
and  has  been  chairman  of  the  town  board  a  num- 
ber of  times.  He  was  married  in  St.  Paul,  Feb- 
ruary 6th.  1860,  to  Miss  Susan  Gainer,  of  Pmssia. 
They  are  the  parents  of  seven  children 


MINNEAPOLIS— GENERAL  DESCRIPTION. 


339 


MINNEAPOLIS. 


CHAPTER  LIV. 

GENERAL    DESCRIPTION — EARLY    SETTLEMENT 

—ORGANIZATION— -SCHOOLS TOWN  HALL — 

CLARK  CHAPEL HOPKINS  STATION SUM- 
MER RESORTS — LYNDALE  FARM — CEMETER- 
IES  INDUSTRIES     AND     MANUFACTURES 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

The  history  of  this  township  is  closely  identi- 
fied with  that  of  the  City  of  Minneapolis,  from 
which  it  derives  its  name.  It  is  situated  on  the 
right  bank  (»f  tlie  Mississippi  river,  and  partially 
surrovmds  the  city.  A  portion  of  its  territory 
was  formerly  embraced  in  the  Fort  Snelling  Res- 
ervation. The  Mississi))pi  river  forms  its  eastern 
boundary,  south  of  the  city  limits,  and  Minne- 
ha-ha  creek  separates  it  from  Richfield  for  a  short 
distance  on  the  south-east.  In  the  south  and 
east,  the  surface  is  generally  level,  and  in  the 
north  and  west,  rolling  and  lightly  timbered. 
Previous  to  settlement,  a  growth  of  small  brush, 
existed  over  nearly  the  whole  surface.  This  has 
since  been  cleared,  or  alloweil  to  develop  into 
thrifty  young  timber ;  in  the  latter  case,  the 
larger  growth  has  resulted  from  care,  and  freedom 
froni  fires. 

The  soil  in  the  south  and  south-east,  is  a  heavy 
dark  loam  and  in  the  north-west  it  is  lighter, 
with  occasional  sandy  knolls.  It  generally  pro- 
duces fine  crops.  This  township  is  noted  for  the 
beauty  of  its  lakes,  which  are  found  in  nearly 
every  portion  of  its  territory.  A  group  of  lakes 
such  as  are  of  frequent  occurrence  in  Minnesota, 
is  found  m  the  central  and  southern  parts  of  the 
town.  The  largest  of  these  is  Lake  Calhoun, 
which  is  nearly  round  and  has  a  circumference  of 
over  three  miles.  Its  waters  are  clear  and  in 
some  places,  of  great  depth.  The  shores  are 
sandy  and  afford  excellent  bathing  places.  This 
lake  was  named  in  honor  of  Hon.  John  C.  Cal- 


houn, at  the  time  Fort  Snelling  was  first  occupied. 
It  is  but  little  more  than  one  mile  distant  from 
the  city  limits,  and  being  of  easy  access  by  fine 
drives  and  the  Lyndale  Motor,  is  a  favorite  resort 
with  resident  and  tourist.  Accommodations  for 
the  comfort  and  pleasure  of  the  visitor  are  fm- 
nished,  a  description  of  which  will  be  found  fur- 
ther on  in  this  chapter.  Lake  Harriet  is  located 
just  south  of  Calhoun,  and  is  very  near  the  same 
in  size  and  shape;  a  portion  of  it  is  in  the  town  of 
Richfield.  Its  shores  and  bottom  are  sandy. 
These  lakes  are  of  historic  interest,  f<n-  on  their 
shores  was  erected  the  first  houses,  and  here  was 
the  first  farming,  by  civilians,  in  Hennepin 
county.  Cedar  Lake  is  situated  north-west  of 
Calhoun,  and  is  about  one  mile  in  length  and 
half  a  mile  in  width.  Its  shores  are  sandy,  and 
on  the  west,  stony  and  gravelly.  Lake  of  the 
Isles,  north  of  Lake  Calhoun  and  separated  from 
it  by  a  high  gravelly  beach  and  a  narrow  strip  of 
swampy  land,  contains  as  its  name  indicates,  a 
number  of  small  islands.  It  covers  about  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres,  and  has  generally  sandy 
shores.  Bass  Lake,  half  a  mile  west  of  Lake 
Calhoun,  has  an  area  of  about  eiglity  acres,  and 
shores  similar  to  those  of  Cedar  Lake.  In  tlie 
south-eastern  part  of  the  town,  is  Rice  Lake, 
through  which  flows  Minnehaha  creek.  In  the 
northern  part,  is  Keegan  Lake,  on  section  ^0, 
Sweeney  and  Twin  lakes  on  sections  18  and 
19,  and  Keller's  Lake  on  section  32.  On  section 
12,  near  tlie  west  line  of  the  town  is  Lake  Han- 
nan,  and  in  the  central  part,  are  lakes  Held  and 
Hallaron  on  section  30.  These  and  other  small 
lakes,  are  more  or  less  marshy.  All  the  lakes 
mentioned,  like  others  in  the  country,  were  well 
stocked  with  fish,  when  the  county  was  first  set- 
tled and  some  of  them  still  affcu'd  good  fishing. 
The  waters  of  Bass  Lake  flow  south-easterly, 
through  a  small  creek  into  Calhoun.  The  outlet 
of  Calhoun  is  on  the  south  and  connects  it  with 


340 


HTSTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COVNTT. 


Lake  Han-iet.  from  wiience  a  small  creek  con- 
veys the  united  waters  into  Jliiniehaba  creek, 
near  tlie  Kiclitielii  mills.  Cellar  Lake  and  Lake 
of  the  Isles,  have  no  \-isible  outlets. 

The  principal  creeks  of  the  townsliip.  are  Ba.s- 
setfs  and  :Minne-ha-ha.  The  latter  rises  in  lake  I 
Minnetoiika.  and.  entering  the  town  on  the  west, 
flows  across  the  southwest  comer  mto  the  town 
of  Richfield,  and  thence  through  Rice  Lake,  fi-om  j 
which  point  to  its  junction  with  the  Mississippi 
river,  it  forms  the  boundary  of  the  township. 
Bassett's  creek  enters  the  township  from  the 
west,  and  flows  in  an  easterly  direction  across  it 
and  the  city,  and  empties  into  the  Mississippi 
river  just  within  the  limits  of  the  original  militan- 
resenatinn. 

i 

E.VULY  SETTI.EMEXT. 

The  fii^st  peiMon  who  lived  within  the  limits  of 
this  township,  is  said  to  have  been  Joseph  R.  \ 
I5rown.  a  discharged  soldier,  who,  by  tolerance  of 
the  connnanding  officer  at  Fort   Snelluig,  dwelt 
near  Minne-ha-ha  Falls,  within  the  resen-ation. 
Major  Taliaferro,  in   1829,  opened  a  farm  on  the 
shores  of  Lake  Calhoun,  for  the  benefit  of  the 
Sioux  Indians,  and  as  Mimie-ha-ha  was  called  | 
Brown's  Falls,  after  General  Jacob  Brown,  and  1 
Lake  (^alhoun  was  named  after  a  late  secretary  i 
of  war,  he  called  the  settlement  Eaton^Hle,  after  j 
the  Hon,  John  II.  Eaton,  of  Tennessee,  secretary  j 
of  war  under  President  Jackson  from  1829  to  | 
1831,    The  fii-st  fanner  of  the  establislunent  was 
Philander  Prescott.     In  1834,  the   Pond  brothere 
arrived,  and  were  the  first  civilians  to  erect  a 
dwelling  in  the    county.      Eatonville    grew  to 
<juile  a  village,  but  upon  the  removal  of  the  Da- 
kotahs  to  the  banks  of  the  Miimesota,  in  1843, 
the  inipro\  ements  at  Lakes  Calhoun  and  Harriet 
were  abandoned.     From  that  date  until  1S41>,  we 
can  leani  of  no  settlements  on  the  west  side  of  ' 
the  river.    In  the  spring  of  that  year,  Philander  i 
Prescott  made  a  claim  on  the  east  side  of  what  is 
now  Minne-ha-ha  avenue.    This  claim  being  on 
the  military  resenation,  he  was  not  allowed  to 
remain,  and  it  was  occupied  by  Fi-anklin  Steele,  I 
who  had  permission   from  the  secretary  of  war 
for  such  occupation,    Prescott  then  located    a 
claim  adjoining  Steele  on  the  west,  but  did  not 
take  ])ossession  of  it  until  after  the  re.seiTation 
came  into  market.    His  home  was  in  the  towni  of 


Richfield  imtil  liis  death.  He  was  born  in  On- 
tario county.  New  York,  in  1801,  In  1819  he 
visited  a  brother  at  Detroit.  Michigan,  and  while 
there,  engaged  as  clerk  with  Mr.  Devotion,  a  snt- 
tler.  for  a  trip  up  the  ilLssissippi,  In  the  latter 
part  of  the  year  1819,  he  arrived  at  the  canton- 
ment of  Fort  St,  Anthony,  now  Fort  Snelling, 
then  in  command  of  Col.  Leavenworth.  In  the 
winter  of  1824-5,  he  was  ti-ading  near  the  fort. 
The  Indians  stole  some  of  his  goods,  part  of 
which  were  restored:  in  settlement  of  his  claim 
for  those  not  restored,  the  chief  gave  him  his 
daughter  in  marriage.  For  three  yeai-s  he  was 
with  the  Columliia  Fur  Company,  and  in  1830. 
w'as  appointed  Indian  farmer  at  Lake  Calhoun. 
He  was  temporarily  engaged  as  interpreter  at  the 
Redwood  agency  when  the  outbreak  occurred, 
and  was  killed  by  the  Indians  in  August.  1862. 
His  wife  and  a  daughter  were  taken  prisoners, 
but  effected  their  escape  through  the  aid  of 
friendly  Indians,  and  retimied  to  their  home  at 
^linne-ha-ha.  These  two.  an  adopted  daughter 
and  one  son  are  dead.  The  eldest  daughter, 
Mi-s.  Pettijohn,  is  living  at  Shakopee,  and  an- 
other daughter,  Mi-s,  Hamilton,  is  living  in  Eden 
Prairie,    There  is  also  a  son  surviving. 

In  the  winter  of  1849,  Charles  Monsseaux.  by 
permission  of  the  militaiy  authorities  at  Fort 
Snelling,  made  a  claim  on  the  eastern  shore  of 
Lake  Calhovm,  and  built  his  shanty  on  the  site  of 
the  old  mission  where  the  Ponds  resided,  now  oc- 
cupied by  the  Pavillion,  He  remained  on  this 
chiim  until  the  fall  of  1857,  when  he  moved  to  the 
cit>'  of  Minneapolis,  where  he  resided  imtil  the 
fall  of  1880,  He  then  removed  to  his  present 
place,  south  of  the  city  limits,  on  section  34.  He 
was  Iwm  in  Montreal,  Canada,  in  1806.  He  was 
employed  by  the  American  Fur  Compan\  as  voy- 
agenr.  and  in  that  capacity  arrived  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing in  1829.  After  about  a  week  he  went  to  Lac 
qui  Parle,  where  he  remained  about  a  year.  He 
then  retimied  to  Fort  Snelling.  and  thence  to 
Piairie  du  Chien.  He  was  a  carpenter  and  house 
painter,  and  engaged  in  those  trades  for  several 
years.  In  1830  he  assisted  in  the  improvements 
then  being  made  at  the  Fort.  He  also  liuilt  the 
house  of  Col  Stevens,  the  tii-st  iii  Mimieapolis. 

Shortly  after  Jlonsseaux,  came  Rev.  E.  G. 
Gear,  chaplain  at  Fort  Snelling.  and  made  a  claim 
east  of  Lake  Calhoun,  by  permission  of  the  niili- 


MINNEAPOLIS— E ABLY  SETTLEMENT. 


ail 


tary  authorities.  He  never  lived  on  the  claim, 
l)ut  employed  Edniond  Brissett  to  hold  it  until 
sucli  time  as  lie  could  enter  it.  When  that  time 
arrived,  a  contest  arose  between  them  as  to  the 
ownership  of  the  claim.  Mr.  Gear,  with  the  aid 
of  Judge  Black  and  Hon.  11.  M.  Kice,  got  a  bill 
through  Congress,  allowing  him  to  enter  the  land 
at  government  price.  He  paid  Mrs.  Brissett  two 
hundred  dollars  to  leave  the  claim.  Brissett  and 
family  then  moved  to  Plymouth,  where  the  family 
now  reside.  He  now  lives  In  St.  Paul.  Mr.  Gear 
remamed  at  Fort  SneUiug  until  1860,  when  he 
moved  to  Fort  Ripley,  where  he  remained  until 
1868,  then  returned  to  Minneapolis.  In  1870  he 
sold  his  claim,  and  it  is  now  part  of  the  "  Lyndale 
Farm."  He  died  in  October,  1873,  and  was 
buried  hi  Lakewood  Cemetery.  His  wife  and 
part  of  the  family  still  reside  in  Minneapolis.  One 
of  his  sons  is  the  present  governor  of  the  state  of 
Iowa. 

The  next  claimant  was  IJavid  Gorham,  who  lo- 
cated on  the  eastern  side  of  Lake  of  the  Isles.  It 
embraced  the  southwest  quarter  of  section  33.  He 
sold  his  claim  to  R.  P.  Russell,  who  bought  it  for 
his  brother,  L.  K.  Russell.  The  latter,  hi  1852, 
placed  a  tenant  on  it  for  a  time,  and  it  finally  be- 
came the  property  of  R.  P.  Russell,  who  now 
owns  it.    Gorham  is  living  in  Plymouth. 

In  April,  18.51,  John  Berry  made  a  claim  on  the 
west  side  of  Cedar  Lake  on  section  31,  and 
raised  the  first  crop  on  the  west  side.  He  lived 
on  his  claim  until  1867,  then  sold,  and  has  since 
resided  in  the  city  of  Minneapolis.  During  the 
winter  of  1851-'2  rumors  of  the  proposed  reduc- 
tion of  the  ^lilitary  Reservation  caused  consider- 
able excitement  among  the  residents  of  Sauit 
Anthony  and  the  new  arrivals  from  the  East  in 
search  of  locations.  Early  in  the  spring  of  18.52, 
claim-staking  Ijegan,  and  in  a  short  time  nearly 
every  deskable  location  snutli  of  the  city,  and 
within  the  present  boundaries  of  the  town,  was 
claimed.  Claim-shanties  were  erected  on  nearly 
all  of  them,  and  some  had  a  small  piece  of  land 
plowed.  But  the  land  not  behig  subject  to  entry, 
they  were  trespassers,  and  sokliers  were  sent  out 
from  the  fort  to  drive  them  away.  It  was  a  common 
occmrence  for  a  squatter  to  leave  his  place  with 
everything  all  right,  and  returning,  after  an  absence 
of  one  day,  to  find  his  sliant>'  a  wreck,  and  any 
other  improvements  he  might  have  made  destroyed. 


"Clami  jumpmg"  was  also  greatly  in  vogue  for  a 
time,  but  the  older  settlers,  who  held  the  prior 
right  to  the  claims,  organized  themselves  hito  a 
society,  known  as  the  "  Equal  Right  and  Impar- 
tial Protection  Claim  Association  of  Hennepin 
county,  M.  T."  The  object  of  this  association 
was  to  protect  each  actual  settler  in  his  right  to  a 
claim,  and  the  "  jiunper'"  fared  badly  who  fell  in- 
to the  hands  of  this  league.  A  coimuittee,  con- 
sisting of  members  of  the  organization,  was  ap- 
pointed, whose  duty  it  was  to  decide  questions  in 
regard  to  the  ownership  of  clahns,  arising  between 
members  of  the  association.  A  decision  once 
made,  it  was  not  well  for  the  defeated  party  to  try 
and  gain  his  end  by  force  or  strategy.  A  few, 
having  permission  from  the  officers  of  the  Fort 
to  remain,  held  their  claims  easil\- :  but  the  nian\- 
were  obliged  to  wait  until  the  restriction  to  settle- 
ment was  removed  by  the  government.  In  fact, 
all  who  had  claims,  and  were  living  on  them,  pre- 
vious to  the  release,  did  so  by  the  permission  of 
the  authorities  at  the  Fort,  or  of  the  War  Depail- 
ment.  When  the  reduction  of  the  reservation 
took  place,  in  the  spring  of  1853,  the  rush  for 
claims  was  so  great  that  it  is  Impossible  to  name 
the  settlers  of  that  year  ui  the  order  of  their  ar- 
rival, ('lainis  were  made  simultaneously,  west 
and  southwest  of  Minneapolis,  but  it  was  not  mi- 
til  a  later  i)eriod  that  the  more  remore  remote  por- 
tions of  the  township  were  settled. 

Among  those  who  settled  in  1852,  were,  T.  W. 
Peirce,  who  bought  his  claim  of  a  Mr.  Lowell  in 
October  of  that  year,  and  has  since  resided  in 
this  town  on  the  original  claim.  He  effected  a 
settlement  with  the  government  by  which  lie  was 
allowed  to  remain.  His  house,  on  section  5,  west 
of  Lake  Calhoun,  was  the  only  one  to  be  seen, 
at  that  time,  between  Berry's,  west  of  him,  and 
that  of  J.  H.  Stevens,  then  located  near  the  pres- 
ent suspension  bridge.  F.  X.  Cripeau,  made 
his  claim  at  a  very  early  date,  and  entered  it  as 
soon  as  the  land  came  into  market.  This  was  on 
section  16,  just  west  of  the  present  limits  of  the 
city,  where  he  has  since  lived.  Robert  Blaisdell 
and  son  Robert,  made  claims  in  18.52,  where 
they  now  live.  J.  T.  Blaisdell  located  on  the 
north-east  (piarter  of  section  34.  Otliers  who 
located  in  that  year  were,  George  Parks.  Gordon 
Jackins,  Edgar  Folsom,  Nathan  Roberts,  Simon 
Odell,  and  Titus  Pettijohn.     Eli  Pettijohn  had  a 


3-12 


HJSTOBY  OF  HENNEPiy  COUNTY. 


claim  near  the  Fort  Snelliiig  road,  but  never 
lived  on  it.  Charles  Brown  took  a  claim  thiough 
the  aid  of  Captain  John  Rollins,  in  section  1.  and 
Frank  Rollins  had  a  claim  near  by.  Benjamin 
Parker  located  where  the  Gilmore  Furniture 
Factor.-  now  stands,  and  William  Richardson, 
on  sections  10  and  11.  He  afterward  removed 
to  [Meeker  countj',  where,  several  years  ago.  he 
shot  his  wife,  but  not  fatally,  and  then  shot  him- 
self with  fatal  effect.  Sweet  TT.  Case  located  a 
claim  in  18-52.  and  a  widow  lady.  Mre.  Saver, 
made  a  claim  shortly  after.  Deacon  John  S. 
Mann,  located  the  north-east  quarter  of  section 
SI.  and  in  18-57  sold  it  to  John  Potts  BrowTi.  It 
is  now  a  part  of  the  Lyndale  Farm.  Deacon 
Mann  removed  to  southern  Miunesotti,  and  to 
Iowa,  shortly  after  selling  his  claim,  and  is  now 
tlie  owner  of  a  large  stock  ranche  near  Mandan, 
Dakota  Temtorj-. 

Chandler  Hutchins  made  a  claim  on  section  3, 
on  what  is  now  the  west  side  of  Chicago  avenue. 
C.  C.  Garvey.  located  his  claim  on  section  10,  and 
has  since  resided  there. 

In  1852.  Charles  Gilpati-ick.  who  is  still  livmg 
on  a  part  of  the  origmal  claim,  made  a  selection 
of  eighty  acres  in  what  is  now  section  35.  Dur- 
ing the  summer  of  1853.  he  broke  one  himdred 
and  forty  acres  of  land,  for  himself  and  others  ; 
this  was  the  first  large  amount  of  breaking  by 
one  mdividual.  In  1853,  Martin  Layman  bought 
the  claim  taken  by  Hanscom,  and  it  is  stated  that 
he  and  Mr.  GUpatrick.  raised,  in  18-54.  the  largest 
crops  in  the  township.  Ard  Gotlfrey.  who  had 
resided  in  Saint  ..Vnthony  since  18-19,  made 
his  claim  in  1853.  on  Minne-ha-ha  creek.  Dur- 
ing the  year  he  built  a  saw-mill,  the  first  in 
the  to^^■nship.  which  he  operated  for  a  nimiber  of 
years.  It  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1863.  Rev.  J. 
Cressy  made,  late  in  the  fall  of  1852,  a  claim  of 
the  north-west  quarter  of  section  10,  south-east 
of  Lake  Calhoun,  and  after  holding  it  two  years 
sold  to  one  Perkins,  and  went  to  Hastings,  near 
where  he  made  another  claim.  He  returned  to 
Minneapolis,  and  resides  in  the  city.  The 
original  claim  is  now  the  farm  of  H.  Van  Xest. 
VT.  G.  Moffett  came  to  Fort  Snellmg  in  1849, 
and  in  18-52,  made  a  claim  on  section  7  near  Min- 
ne-ha-ha Falls;  this  is  now  owned  by  Joseph  Dean. 
His  oldest  son.  VT.  R.  Moffett  came  in  1852,  and 
located  his  claim  on  section  7,  where  he  still  re- 


sides. Judge  Moffett,  died  about  four  years  ago, 
at  the  house  of  his  son-in-law.  A.  S.  Adams, 
with  whom  the  ^\idow  still  lives.  He  was  buried 
in  Lakewood  cemetery. 

The  western  and  northern  portions  of  the 
township  were  not  permanently  settled  until  a 
later  period.  Although  not  included  m  the  mili- 
tary reservation,  land  in  that  part  of  the  town 
was  not  considered  so  desirable,  and  the  rush  for 
locations  was  not  so  great.  Among  the  first  were 
the  Hallaron  brothers.  William  Byrnes.  Thomas 
Gaffney,  Peter  Curley,  John  Green.  Frank  and 
John  Doyle,  and  John  and  Daniel  Braekins.  the 
latter  with  their  parents.  The  Hallarons  were 
from  Cortland  comity.  Xew  York,  and  settled  in 
the  western  part  of  the  to^xii.  The  first  of  these, 
was  Patrick,  who  came  in  the  fall  of  18-52.  He 
died  from  injuries  received  by  the  kick  of  a  horse, 
in  1877.  His  widow  still  occupies  the  homestead 
on  section  29.  John  J.,  Dennis,  Michael,  Eugene, 
Thomas  and  -Jeremiah  HaUoran  anived  in  1854. 
They  are  all  Uviug  in  that  portion  of  the  town 
where  they  first  settled,  with  the  exception  of 
Thomas,  who  has  been  in  business  in  the  citj- 
for  the  past  five  years.  Of  the  Doyle  brothers, 
John  died  about  ten  years  ago.  and  Fnrnk  still 
resides  on  the  farm  on  section  33.  The  south- 
west part  of  the  town  was  settled  in  18-54  by  H. 
H.  Hopkins.  George  M.  Bums  and  F.  H.  AVar- 
neke.  Hopkins  and  Wameke  still  reside  here. 
Bums  died  about  three  years  ago;  his  family 
still  live  on  the  farm.  John  Hannan  and  sous, 
settled  in  the  west  part  of  the  township  in  1855. 
From  the  time  the  reserv-ation  was  thrown  open 
to  settlers,  the  growth  of  the  townsliip  was  rapid; 
more  substantial  farm  houses  and  their  necessary 
adjuncts,  bams  and  granaries,  took  the  place  of 
the  hastily  consti-ucted  "claim  shanties"  which 
had  served  their  piu-pose.  and  were  no  longer 
needed.  The  proximity  to  Saint  Authony  and 
later,  to  Minneapolis,  the  only  markets,  made 
locatipns  in  this  township,  and  Richfield  on  the 
south,  eagerly  sought  for.  and  speculation  in 
claims  was  rife,  fabulous  sums  being  asked  for 
the  more  desirable. 

OBGAMIZATIOX. 

The  tiret  meeting  for  the  organization  of  the 
to\Miship  and  the  election  of  officers  was  held  May 
11th,  18-58.   The  first  officers  elected  were:  Super- 


MINNEAPOLIS— ORGANIZATION— SCHOOLS. 


343 


visors,  E.  P.  Russell,  chairman,  G.  D.  Richard- 
son, Daniel  Bassett,  Edward  Murphy,  1. 1.  Lewis ; 
Clerk,  George  H.  Hamilton ;  Assessor,  L.  F.  Cook; 
Collector,  L.  W.  Rhine  ;  Overseer  of  Poor,  Wash- 
ington Getchell;  Justices,  George  E.  Huy  and 
Henry  Hill ;  Constables,  C.  C.  Beekman  and  A. 
P.  Hoover;  Overseer  of  Roads,  A.  B.  Kingsbury. 
At  a  special  election  October  2d,  1858,  Daniel 
Bassett,  G.  D.  Ricliardson,  Cyrus  Aldrich.  and 
M.  S.  Hoblitt  were  elected  to  seats  on  the  Board 
of  County  Commissioners.  Following  is  given  a 
list  of  the  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Town  Super- 
visors, in  the  order  in  which  they  served :  For 
1859,  Cyrus  Aldiidi ;  186(i.  Daniel  Bassett ;  1861, 
Collins  Hamer ;  1862  to  1866,  inclusive,  S.  H.  Mat- 
tison  ;  1866  to  1873,  inclusive,  Benjamin  Parker; 
1874  to  1876,  inchisive,  E.  Groesbeck;  1877  to 
1880,  inclusive,  R.  P.  Russell.  The  other  otlicers 
for  1880  were  :  SupeiTisors,  U.  P.  Wilson  and  C. 
L.  Larpenteiu: ;  Clerk,  A.  D.  Libby  ;  Treasurer, 
J.  T.  Grimes ;  Justices,  A.  S.  Adams  and  E. 
Yost;  Constable,  William  Somers.  The  bounda- 
ries of  the  township,  as  established  by  the  Board 
of  County  Commissioners,  April  10th,  1858,  were 
as  follows  :  "  Beginning  at  a  pouit  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  at  the  south  line  of  section  12,  town- 
ship 118  north,  of  range  21  west  of  the  Hfth  prin- 
cipal meridian  ;  thence  west  to  the  southwest  cor- 
ner of  section  7  ;  thence  south,  to  the  southwest 
corner  of  section  7,  township  117  north,  of  range 
21  west  of  the  fifth  principal  meridian ;  thence 
east  to  the  Mississippi  River;  thence  up  said 
river  to  the  place  of  beguiuing."  July  8th,  1858, 
one  tier  of  sections,  on  the  north,  was  taken  to 
form  part  of  the  town  of  Farmersville.  This 
town,  however,  was  never  organized,  and  the 
boundaries  of  Minneapolis  remained  as  originally 
established  until  1860,  when  two  tiers  of  sections 
on  the  north  were  made  a  part  of  Crystal  Lake 
township. 

No  more  clianges  in  boundaries  occurred  until 
1867,  when  the  two  northern  tiers  of  sections  of 
the  town  of  Richfield,  and  that  portion  lying 
north  of  Minne-ha-ha  creek,  below  Rice  Lake 
(then  called  Eagle  Lake)  were  added  to  Minne- 
apolis. The  legislative  bill  providing  for  this 
change  of  boundary,  was  approved  March  7th, 
1867.  An  effort  was  made  in  the  spring  of  1868 
to  restore  this  territory  to  Richfield  ;  but  at  the 
annual  town  meeting  m  Minneapolis,  only  one 


vote  was  cast  in  favor  of  the  measure.  A  bill 
approved  February  6th,  1867,  in  which  was  de- 
fined the  boundaries  of  the  city  of  MinneapoUs, 
gave  to  the  territory  embraced  in  the  township 
outside  the  city,  the  name  of  Brighton.  Tliis 
name  did  not  suit  the  people  at  all,  and  the  bill 
above  mentioned  as  annexing  the  ]iortion  of 
Richfield,  restored  tlie  name,  Miimeapolis.  The 
following  statistics  from  the  reports  of  the  As- 
sessor of  the  township  for  the  years  given,  serve 
to  show  the  rapid  increase  in  values  and  in  pop- 
ulation. In  1869,  the  assessed  valuation  of  real 
estate  was  8266,285;  hi  1875,  81,166,376  ;  in  1880, 
82,550,744.  In  addition  to  tliis  valuation,  there 
was  in  1880,  a  valuation  of  $954,582,  for  town 
lots,  outside  of  the  city  Umits.  The  number  of 
acres  of  land  in  1880,  was  given  at  24,602.  The 
valuation  of  personal  property  in  1869,  was,  861,- 
262;  in  1875,8167,828;  in  1880,8262,419.  Num- 
ber of  horses,  over  two  years  old,  in  1869,  319; 
in  1875,  531 ;  in  1880,  700.  Number  of  cattle 
over  two  years  old,  in  1869,  719;  in  1875,  1,134; 
in  1880,  1,292.  Number  of  sheep,  in  1869,  387  ; 
in  1875,  576  ;  in  1880,  460.  Number  of  hogs,  in 
1869,  154;  in  1875,  211;  in  1880,  549.  Bushels 
of  wheat,  in  1869,  44,399;  in  1875,  23,703;  num- 
ber of  acres  sown  in  1880,  2,763.  The  amount 
of  taxes  for  the  township,  was  hi  1869,  88,935 ;  in 
1875,  821,990;  in  1880,  827,995.  AccortUng  to 
the  census  of  1880,  the  township  has  a  popula- 
tion of  2,757. 

.SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  in  the  township,  was  opened  ui 
the  summer  of  1853,  and  Miss  Jennie  Learning 
taught  a  three  month's  term.  The  building  used, 
was  located  on  section  7,  near  Minne-ha-ha  Falls, 
and  was  erected  by  W.  G.  Moffett  and  son  and 
the  Blaisdells,  assisted  by  a  few  (if  their  neigh- 
bors. Tlie  material  for  the  ))uilding  and  the 
ground  on  which  it  stood,  were  provided  by  Phi- 
lander Prescott.  Although  liuilt  by  private  par- 
ties, and  with  their  own  funds,  it  was  made  a 
public  school,  and  all  who  wished,  could  avail 
themselves  of  its  privileges.  Mr.  Prescott  also 
furnished  a  large  part  of  the  money  to  pay  the 
teacher.  This  building  was  used  for  a  number 
of  years,  and  was  twice  moved  for  the  better  ac- 
comodation of  the  scholars.  In  1875,  the  pres- 
ent frame  building,  was  erected  near  the  site  of 
the  old  school-house,  on  the  north-west  quarter 


344 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNIT. 


of  section  7.  on  the  west  side  of  Minne-ha-ha 
Avenue.  This  is  now  district  Xo.  113.  Another 
of  the  eai-ly  school-liouses,  was  located  on  what 
is  now  Chicago  Avenue,  just  outside  the  city  lim- 
its. It  was  built  of  brick,  and  used  for  some 
time,  but  on  accomit  of  a  tlivision  of  the  districts, 
it  was  abandoned  and  subsequently,  toni  down. 
The  township  now  has  eight^entire  and  five 
joint  districts,  ^\■ith  twelve  school-houses.  The 
■•  t'entennial  School  "  located  near  the  Harvester 
■\Vorks,  is  a  very  fine  building,  of  brick  and  two- 
stories  high.  Distiict  number  9,  about  one  mile 
north-west  of  the  Centemiial.  has  a  one-story 
stone  building.  The  remaining  districts  have 
good  substantial  ft-ame  houses,  and  are  all  sup- 
plied with  the  necessaiy  apparatus  used  in  the 
modern  district  school. 

TOWX  HALL. 

Since  the  organization  of  the  township,  the  an- 
nual and  special  town  meetings  have  been  held 
in  school-houses:  but  m  1880,  the  increase  in  pop- 
ulation, demanding  a  fixed  place,  ui  a  central 
location,  the  town  erected  a  ••  Town  Hall,"  on 
the  north-east  quarter  of  section  4,  the  lot  oc- 
cupied, being  one  of  the  Lyndale  Park.  This 
is  a  ven  neat  frame  Iniililing.  and  a  credit  to  the 
town. 

CLAKK    fUAPKL. 

The  onl\  church  edifice  hi  the  township,  is  lo- 
cated hi  the  southern  part  on  section  7.  It  was 
erected  in  1878,  as  a  branch  of  Plymouth  church. 
MinneapoUs,  at  a  total  expense  for  building  and 
furnishing,  of  about  SI  .400.  means  being  sup- 
plied by  subscription  among  the  people  of 
the  >icinity.  It  is  ui  size,  30x48  feet  and  is 
nicely  furnished.  The  name  was  given  in  honor 
of  E.  C.  Clark,  who  established  and  mamtained 
a  Sabbath-school  in  the  school-house  opposite  the 
chiurch.  Mr.  Clark  died  ui  1874.  and  the  Sabbath 
school  has  since  been  kept  up.  and  now  lias  an 
average  attendance  of  about  sixty.  Mr.  G.  B. 
Shepard  of  Minneapolis  is  the  supermtendent. 
There  is  no  church  organization,  but  senices 
were  held  regularly  once  a  month  during  the 
time  Plymouth  chmch  was  supplied  with  a 
pastor,  and  since  then  occasionally.  The  people 
of  the  neighborhood  meet  eveiy  Sunday  evening 
for  Bible  readings. 


HOPKIXS   STATION. 

This  is  a  station  on  the  ^Ihuieapolis  and  St. 
Louis  EaUway,  and  was  established  in  1871.  It 
takes  its  name  from  H.  H.  Hopkins,  one  of  the 
promment  farmers.  The  post-office,  located  at 
the  depot  is  called  Hopkins,  and  was  established 
hi  1873.  H.  H.  Hopkins  has  been  postmaster 
suice.  Tliis  is  the  only  post-office  in  the  town- 
ship outside  of  the  city.  The  ^Minnetonka  branch 
of  the  M.  &  St.  L.  Kailway  leaves  the  main  line 
here,  and  the  Benton  cut-off  of  the  C.  M.  &  St. 
P.  Railway  passes  near.  There  are  no  stores  or 
public  buildhigs. 

South  Miiineai)ohs,  is  a  station  on  the  C.  M.  & 
St.  P.  Railway  located  one  mile  south  of  the  city 
limits.  This  is  merely  a  way  station  and  has  no 
post-office. 

SIMMER  KE.SOKTS. 

The  gi'eat  lieaut\  of  the  lakes  of  this  township, 
and  the  facility  with  which  they  may  be  reached 
from  the  city,  make  them  peculiarly  attractive  to 
the  tourist,  and  to  the  business  man,  who  ^\^th  his 
family  seeks  recreation  and  freedom  from  the  per- 
plexities of  commercial  or  professional  life,  by 
wliilLug  away  a  few  horn's,  or  days,  at  some  of  the 
charming  s])ots  to  be  found  within  an  hour's  ride 
of  the  city.  Lake  Calhoun,  the  largest  of  the 
lakes,  is  connected  with  the  city'  by  means  of  the 
^Minneapolis.  L.\  iidale  and  Lake  Calhoun  Railway, 
which  was  buUt  in  the  spring  of  1879.  and  during 
the  following  year  extended  to  Lake  llaiTiet.  On 
the  east  of  Lake  Calhoim  is  Lyndale  Park,  and 
the  PavilUon.  a  large  pubUc  builduig.  erected  by 
Col.  W.  S.  Kmg,  and  opened  in  1877.  The  di- 
mensions of  the  building  are  60x100  feet,  and 
two  stories  lugh  above  basement.  Two  wide  ver- 
andahs extend  entirely  around  the  structure,  and 
furnish  excellent  promenades,  with  a  fine  view 
of  the  lake  and  the  sun'ounding  covmtry.  On  the 
west  side  of  this  lake  is  Lakeside  Park  and  hotel. 
The  latter  is  40  x  70  feet,  and  tno  stories  in  height. 
On  an  eminence  m  the  grounds  of  Lakeside  Park 
is  located  a  tower,  which  rises  to  the  height  of 
sixty  feet,  and  the.\  who  toU  to  its  summit  are 
amply  repaid  by  a  ^•iew  of  the  beautiful  panor- 
ama of  nature  around  and  below  them.  On  the 
west  side  are  also  located  several  mineral  springs, 
one  of  which  has  been  curbed,  and  its  surround- 
Lngs  improved,  and  has  become  quite  popular  with 


MINNEAPOLIS— L  YNBALE  FABM— CEMETERIES. 


345 


the  public.    A  sulphur  spring  is  located  a  short 

distance  southwest  of  tlie  lake,  Ijut  has  not  yet 
been  developed  or  improved.  Tlie  Lake  Calhoun 
House  was  built  on  the  north  shore  of  the  lake  in 
1876,  and  was  intended  for  a  summer  hotel.  It 
was  one  of  the  linest  structures  on  the  lake,  but 
had  never  been  used  to  any  extent  up  to  the 
time  it  was  destroyed  by  th-e.  in  .January.  1880. 
The  Lake  View  House  is  located  on  the  northeast 
shore  of  the  lake,  and  was  built  in  187.5.  A  large 
and  elegant  steamer  was  placed  on  Lake  Calhoun 
in  the  summer  of  1880.  and  is  run  diu-ing  the  sea- 
son in  comieotion  with  tlie  ^lotor  railway,  making 
a  tour  of  the  lake.  The  present  terminus  of  the 
railway  is  at  Lake  Haniet,  but  the  intention  is  to 
extend  it  to  Excelsior.  On  the  southwest  shore 
of  Cedar  Lake  is  located  the  Oak  Grove  House' 
erected  in  1877,  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Scott.  The 
building  is  about  seventy-live  feet  scpuire  and  four 
stories  in  height,  surmovnited  by  a  cupola,  from 
which  an  extended  view,  including  part  of  the 
city  of  Mimieapolis,  may  be  oljtained.  Tlie  hotels 
and  parks  above  mentioned  are  open  to  the  public 
through  the  summer  season,  and  during  that  time 
are  well  patronized,  as  may  be  seen  from  the  fact 
that,  in  the  summer  of  1880.  the  Lyndale  liaihvay 
carried  over  one  hundred  tluiusand  passengers. 

Oswald's  summer  garden,  situated  on  the  Cedar 
Lake  road  and  west  of  the  city  limits,  was  located 
and  improvements  begun  in  187o.  "With  its  at- 
tractive drives,  walks,  and  rustic  decorations,  it 
makes  a  pleasant  place  of  resort.  Connected  with 
it  is  a  green-house,  12x82  feet,  containing  four 
thousand  plants. 

THE    LYNDALE  1  ARM. 

This  model  farm,  wliicli  now  eml)races  al)out 
one  thousand  two  hiuidred  acres,  was  opened  by 
Col.  ^X.  S.  King,  who  began  operations  by  pur- 
chasing the  farm  of  John  Potts  Brown.  He  ad- 
ded by  purchase,  one  farm  after  another,  until  in 
1870,  he  had  acquired  a  title  to  one  tliousand 
two  hundred  acres  of  land.  About  seven  hun- 
dred acres  of  this  has  been  broken,  and  some  of  it 
seeded  to  tame  grasses.  Tlie  farm  was  originally 
half  timber  and  half  jirairie  land.  The  location 
is  excellent,  bordering  on  the  shores  of  Lakes 
Calhoun  and  ILirriet,  and  distant  from  the  city 
about  three  miles.  The  farm-house,  built  ui 
1870,  is  a  double  house,  having  a  front  of  ninety- 


six  feet,  and  a  depth  of  forty  feet,  and  is  two- 
stories  high.  It  contains  twentv-six  rooms,  and 
is  well  finished  through-out.  The  great  barn  is 
built  on  the  most  modern  plan.  Its  main  part  is 
52x76  feet,  and  thirty-six  feet  from  the  founda- 
tion to  tlie  eaves.  Tlie  roof  adds  twenty  feet  to 
the  height,  and  above  all,  is  the  cupola,  the  top 
of  which  is  eighty  feet  from  the  ground.  The 
two  wings  of  the  barn  are  36x180  feet,  with  six- 
teen foot  posts,  and  high  roof,  which  affords  im- 
mense storing  room,  the  total  capacity  being 
about  two  hvuuhed  and  fifty  tons  of  hay.  Tlie 
stables  furnish  accommodations  for  two  hundred 
horses  and  cattle.  The  farm  was  stocked  with  a 
large  number  of  blooded  cattle,  horses,  sheep 
and  hogs,  among  them,  some  of  the  most  noted 
animals  of  Great  Britain,  which  had  taken  pre- 
mimus  at  the  national  faks  held  there;  among 
the  horses  was  the  celebrated  stallion  "Duke  of 
.Saratoga '"  a  descendant  of  "  Bashaw  ''  and  de- 
scribed by  horse-men  as  a  very  fine  animal.  Since 
1876,  .James  Smith,  of  long  experience  in  the 
management  of  large  farms,  has  been  in  charge. 

CEMKTEIUKS. 

The  township  has  four  cemeteries:  the  Lake- 
wood.  Cemetery  of  the  Immaculate  Conception, 
the  Montefiore  and  the  Minneapolis  Cemetery. 
Lakewood  cemetery  is  situated  on  the  south-east 
shore  of  Lake  Calhoun,  and  contains  about  140 
acres  of  land.  Tlie  gnuuids  were  purchased  in 
1871,  by  an  association,  formed  for  the  purpose, 
and  the  improvements  were  begun  the  following 
year,  and  have  been  continued  until  this  ceme- 
tery ranks  with  the  more  beautiful  homes  of  the 
dead  in  the  country. 

The  cemetery  of  the  Iniiiiaculate  Conception, 
is  located  on  the  south  line  of  tlie  township,  one 
mile  west  of  Rice  Lake.  It  contains  about 
thirty  acres,  and  was  established  in  1867.  This 
is  the  only  cemetery  of  the  Catholic  faith  in  the 
township,  and  is  under  the  ininiediate  supervis- 
ion of  Owen  Finley. 

The  Montefiore  cemetery  located  on  section  10. 
about  two  and  one-half  miles  south  of  the  city 
limits,  contains  two  acres,  and  was  purchased  by 
the  Montefiore  Cemetery  Association,  in  1876. 
The  improvement  of  the  grounds  was  com- 
menced but  recently. 

The  Minneapolis  cemetery  is  located  south  of 


346 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


and  near  the  city  limits.  It  embraces  twenty 
acres  of  liie:li.  ilry  land,  and  was  laid  out  in  1860, 
by  :Martin  Layman,  by  whom  it  is  still  ownied. 
The  first  mterment.  was  that  of  a  Mr.s.  AVard- 
well,  smce  which  there  have  been  five  thousand 
interments  in  this  -silent  city."  This  cemetery 
has  received  extra  attention  and  shows  care  and 
taste  hi  the  arrangement  of  its  t)rnamentations. 
This  was  the  first  cemetery  established  on  the 
west  side  of  the  river. 

IXDVSTKIES  AXD  MAJJUFACTUKES. 

The  prmcipal  hidustiy  of  the  people  of  this 
town  is  agriculture.  The  excellent  quality  of  the 
soil  making  it  a  fa\ored  locality,  and  the  many 
fine  farms,  with  their  commodious  outl)uiklings> 
are  evidence  of  a  high  degree  of  thrift  and  pros- 
perity. An  important  adjunct  of  the  usiud  farm 
products  is  milk,  for  the  population  of  the  city 
looks  to  the  farmer  m  the  vicinity  for  its  daOy 
supply  of  that  necessary  article.  There  ai-e  a  uiun- 
ber  of  large  dairies,  employmg  a  small  ai-my  of 
men  and  teams  in  the  transportation  and  delivery. 

The  Globe  Mill,  on  ilinne-ha-ha  Creek,  in  sec- 
tion 20,  was  built  in  1874,  by  AV.  P.  Day  and  Co 
This  is  the  only  merchant  mill  in  the  township- 
It  is  a  frame  structure,  with  four  runs  of  stone' 
and  a  capacity  of  12-5  barrels  per  day.  When 
first  put  in  operation,  water  power  was  used;  this 
proving  inadequate,  a  steam  engine  was  added, 
which  now  furnishes  the  power.  The  mill  is 
the  property  of  the  First  National  Bank,  of  Min- 
neapolis. A  side-track  extends  to  it  from  the 
Mumeapolis  and  8t.  Louis  Railroad,  affording 
facilities  for  receiving  and  shipping. 

On  the  north  side  of  Mimie-ha-ha  Creek,  in  the 
south-eastern  part  of  the  township,  is  located  a 
grist-mill,  which  was  erected  in  l.s.57.  liy  Ard.  (iod. 
frey,  near  the  saw-mill  which  burned  in  1863. 
This  mill  was  operated  by  ^h\  Gotlfrey  until  1870. 
and  then  sold  to  other  parties. 

There  are  two  brick-yards  m  the  town ;  one 
owned  and  operate  I  by  W.  W.  "Woe  dward.  abou 
one  mile  north  of  Hopkins  Station,  and  one  sit 
uated  north-west  of  Lake  Calhoun,  owned  by  G. 
U.  Erhardt.  These  yards  employ  a  large  force  of 
men  during  the  summer  season  and  manufacture 
a  superior  (juality  of  brick. 

The  Mimieapolis  Knitting  Mills.  This  concern 
was  established  on  Bassett's  creek,  in  the  north 


part  of  the  town,  in  1875.  For  one  year  previous 
they  had  been  located  in  the  city.  The  factory  was 
destroyed  by  fire  in  1878,  and  they  immediately 
rebuilt  on  the  present  site.  The  business  con- 
sists of  knitting  stockings  and  half-hose,  in  both 
wool  and  cotton  :  large  and  small  scarfs,  cardigan 
jackets,  ladies  vests,  hoods,  and  all  kinds  of  knit 
goods.  This  is  the  only  establishment  of  the 
kind  in  the  north-west,  and  their  goods  find  a 
ready  market.  The  proprietors  are  Girling  and 
Company,  and  twenty-five  persons  are  employed. 

W.  H.  Fiiien.  machinist,  manufacturer  of  the 
Mumeapolis  water-wheel  governor,  special  tools 
for  machmists,  lathes,  etc.  This  establishment 
is  located  on  Bassetfs  creek  at  the  second  cross- 
ing of  Ayesteru  Avenue,  hi  the  builduig  erected 
by  the  Xorth-Western  ilauufacturmg  Company 
in  1874.  This  company  cimtiiiued  business  four 
yeare,  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  screws, 
their  capacity  being  a  hundred  gross  per  day. 
Since  then  Mr.  Fruen  has  occupied  the  building, 
whicli  is  30x40  feet,  and  two  and  one-lialf  stories 
high.  The  machuiery  is  kept  in  motion  by  a 
thirty-five  inch  turbine  wheel,  of  sixteen  lioree- 
power. 

The  Minneapolis  Harvester  Works,  south  of 
the  city  limits,  are  located  in  the  township,  but 
as  the  coiporation  was  organized  hi  the  city  and 
business  otiices  are  located  there,  a  description  of 
the  Works,  will  be  found  in  the  chapter  on  man- 
ufactures. 

mOGKAPHICAL. 

A.  S.  Adams  was  born  July  9th.  1848,  at  Town- 
send,  ]\Iiddlesex  county.  Massachusetts.  He  was 
raised  as  a  farmer,  and  lived  in  his  native  town 
until  1867.  when  he  came  to  Minnesota  with  his 
father,  and  located  in  Miimeapolis  townsliip, 
where  he  has  since  resided,  ownhig  a  farm  of 
tliirty-three  acres.  He  was  elected  justice  of 
the  peace  in  March.  1880.  Mr.  Adams  married 
Carrie  Moffett,  April.  1871. 

William  Adams,  a  native  of  Scotland,  was  born 
in  183-5.  He  came  to  America  in  1869.  and  lo- 
cated in  Jlinneapolis ;  he  lived  on  Washington 
avenue  south  until  his  present  residence  was 
built  in  1875.  Mr.  Adams  has  been  engaged  in 
the  carpenter's  trade  since  a  boy.  His  wife  was 
Miss  Ellen  Walker ;  they  were  married  in  1864. 
Six  children  have  been  born  to  them. 


MINNEAPOLIS— BIOGBAPHICAL. 


347 


R.  M.  Aitken  was  born  in  1845,  at  Dunham, 
Canada  East.  He  lived  in  his  native  town  until 
eighteen  years  of  age,  when  he  went  to  Vermont 
and  worked  eight  years  in  the  car  shops  at  Saint 
Albans,  then  removed  to  JMississippi  and  worked 
for  a  railroad  company.  In  1873  he  went  to 
Wisconsin,  and  in  1877,  eame  to  Minneapolis; 
in  November  of  that  year  he  married  Lillian  M. 
Shorey.  Mr.  Aitkin  is  proprietor  of  the  Cedar 
Avenue  Dairy,  which  he  started  in  1877  with 
only  four  cows,  but  has  gradually  increased  the 
number  to  supply  a  growing  trade,  until  now  he 
has  tliirty-ttve. 

A.  B.  Allison,  a  native  of  Delaware  county, 
New  York,  was  born  in  1840.  He  was  engaged 
in  farming  imtil  1866,  when  he  came  to  Henne- 
pin county,  and  for  four  years  worked  in  the 
woods;  he  then  started  in  the  dairy  business; 
was  in  partnership  with  Mr.  Collins  for  a  time, 
but  since  187o  Mr.  Allison  has  conducted  the 
business  alone  at  his  place  on  section  2(1,  and  has 
twenty-five  cows.  He  was  married  May  6th, 
1880,  to  Mrs.  Broderick,  of  Maine. 

W.  Bernstein,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
in  1826.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1848,  and 
for  three  years  worked  in  Baltimore,  as  machinist 
in  the  railroad  shops ;  then  he  removed  to  Wash- 
ington and  worked  seven  years  in  the  navy  yard; 
thence  to  Illinois,  and  was  employed  in  the  ear 
shops  at  Aurora,  until  1869,  when  he  came  to  this 
state.  In  18.56  he  married  Catharine  Faul  who 
has  borne  him  six  children.  Mr.  Bernstein  pur- 
chased his  present  farm  in  1869,  and  is  engaged 
in  gardening  and  fruit  raising. 

Robert  Blaisdell  was  born  in  1803,  at  Peacliam, 
Vermont.  He  was  raised  as  a  farmer,  (;ame  to 
Saint  ^Vuthony  in  1852,  and  took,  by  pre- 
emption, tlie  farm  where  he  now  resides.  Mr. 
Blaisdell  attended  the  meeting  at  which  Minnea- 
polis was  made  a  township,  and  helped  to  elect 
the  first  Town  Board.  He  has  never  missed  a 
meeting  since  that  time  He  also  assisted  in 
building  the  first  school-house  in  the  township. 
He  married  Miss  Mary  Chandler,  in  Maine.  They 
are  the  parents  of  seven  children. 

Robert  Blaisdell,  Jr.,  a  native  of  Aroostook 
county,  Maine,  was'  born  May  4th,  1832.  In  1846 
he  went  to  Wisconsin,  and  engaged  in  the  lumber 
business  at  the  head  of  (Ireen  Bay.  In  1852  he 
removed  to  this  state,  and  made  a  claim  of  160 


acres,  which  is  a  part  of  his  present  farm.  He 
also  owns,  with  Ins  father,  360  acres  in  JiIcLeod 
county.  He  too,  attended  tlie  first  election,  and 
helped  to  build  the  first  school-house  in  the  town- 
ship. His  wife  w^as  Elniira  Taunt,  who  has  borne 
him  six  children. 

William  Blaisdell  was  born  at  Belfast,  Maine, 
in  1834.  In  1851  he  moved  to  Mmnesota,  and 
five  years  later  pre-empted  the  farm  he  now  owns. 
From  1863  until  the  fall  of  1864,  he  was  mining 
in  California.  Idaho,  and  Montana  :  then  returned, 
and  for  one  year  was  in  charge  of  a  lumber  inter- 
est in  Michigan.  He  now  owns  20,000  acres  of 
timber  land  in  Wisconsin.  Mv.  Blaisdell  acted  as 
clerk  at  the  first  annual  election  held  on  this  side 
of  the  river.  There  were  only  fourteen  votes 
cast,  four  of  them  by  the  Blaisdell  family.  In 
1861  he  enlisted  at  the  first  call,  and  sei-ved  until 
the  regiment  disbanded.  He  was  married,  in 
1865,  to  Miss  Jennie  Fletcher. 

M.  D.  Brown  was  born  in  1849,  at  Elmira,  New- 
York.  In  1856  he  came  to  ^Minneapolis,  and  has 
since  resided  here,  with  the  exception  of  one  year, 
passed  at  school  in  the  East.  ]Mr.  Brown  is  en- 
gaged in  farming  on  section  12,  where  he  owns 
eighty  acres  of  laud,  and  lioards  horses  summer 
and  winter. 

J.  R.  Bowman  was  born  April  27th,  1830.  in 
New  Branswick.  He  learned  the  eai-penter"s 
trade,  and  worked  three  years  in  New  York  city. 
In  1857  he  came  here,  and  for  twenty  years  fol- 
lowed his  trade.  He  worked  on  the  Nicollet 
House,  H.  G.  Harrison's  residence,  and  others. 
It  was  he  who  cut  the  brush  so  a  team  could  pass 
on  First  avenue  north,  from  Fourth  to  Sixth 
street.  Mr.  Bowman  has  only  been  absent  from 
the  town  one  day  since  coming  here  in  1857.  He 
was  married,  in  1869,  to  Amanda  Christmas.  They 
have  three  children. 

William  Byrnes  (deceased)  was  a  native  of  Ire- 
land. He  emigrated  to  America  in  1849,  and 
lived  in  Homer,  New  York,  until  1852,  when  he 
came  here,  and  the  following  year  made  a  claim 
of  one  hundred  and  fifty  acres.  In  1862  he  enlist- 
ed in  the  Tenth  Minnesota,  and  served  mitil  must- 
ered out  in  1865.  He  died  December  1st.  1867. 
At  the  time  of  his  death,  he  was  sheriff  of  Hen- 
nepin county.  Catherine,  his  wife,  was  born 
m  Ireland,  March  1827,  She  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1848,  stayed  the  first  year  in  New  York 


348 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


city,  ami  then  removed  to  Homer.  In  1850.  she 
was  married  to  William  Byrnes,  and  two  years 
later  they  came  to  Minneapolis.  She  has  had  nine 
children,  seven  of  whom  are  livinf^:  Ellen.  Anna, 
ilary,  Teressa,  William,  Hngh  and  Lucelia. 

Lewis  Carlson,  a  native  of  Denmark,  was  horn 
in  1H48.  He  came  to  America  in  18(;9.  and  set- 
tled m  Winona,  Minnesota,  where  for  three  years 
he  was  engaged  m  the  manufacture  of  l)arrels, 
then  he  removed  to  Cliicago  and  worked  at  the 
trade  there,  three  years.  In  1875,  he  came  to 
Minneapolis  and  was  in  the  cooper  business  until 
1879.  when  he  started  his  daii-y;  he  now  has 
twenty-seven  cows.  In  1873,  he  married  Ahhne 
Hanson.    They  have  two  children. 

F.  X.  t'ripeau  was  born  in  1828,  in  Canada. 
At  the  age  of  nineteen,  he  went  to  Rhode  Island, 
remained  only  one  year  and  returned  to  Canada; 
in  1848,  he  moved  to  Illinois,  and  the  followuig 
spiing  came  to  Sauit  Anthony,  where  he  was  en- 
gaged as  clerk  a  few  years  for  Mr.  Bottineau,  and 
then  made  a  claim  of  one  hundred  and  sixt.y 
acres,  w  hicli  is  a  part  of  his  present  place.  In 
1864,  he  enlisted  in  the  First  Minnesota  Heavy 
Artillery  and  ser\ed  luitil  the  close  of  the  ^\■ar, 
when  he  started  in  the  gardenuig  business ;  he 
raises  vegetables  exclusively,  usuig  about  twenty 
acres  of  land  for  this  purpose.  Mr.  Cripeau  was 
married  in  1854,  to  Rosalie  (iiard  :  ten  i-liildreu 
have  been  born  to  them. 

Peter  Curly,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  born  in 
1825.  He  came  to  America  in  184t>,  and  worked 
in  the  cotton  factories  of  Lowell,  Massachusetts, 
mitil  1849,  when  he  came  to  Sauit  Anthony,  and 
helped  build  the  first  Catholic  church  here,  lie 
pre-empted  the  farm  where  he  still  lives,  one 
mUe  from  the  city  limits,  and  built  his  present  res- 
idence m  1856.  He  w-as  married  in  1849,  to 
Catherine  Cain.  They  have  had  two  sons,  only 
one  is  living ;  John  J. 

C.  T.  Earenfight,  born  in  1841,  at  Cuicinnati, 
Ohio.  He  lived  in  Illinois  live  years,  then  a 
short  time  in  Indiana,  and  in  1S63,  removed  to 
Minnesota  ;  he  has  lived  in  Minneapolis,  or  near 
there  most  of  the  time  since.  He  has  eighteen 
acres  of  land  on  section  6,  and  is  engaged  in 
gardening;  is  also  a  wholesale  dealer  in  cattle,  on 
foot  and  ckessed. 

Martin  Ekes,  a  native  of  (ieimany.  was  born 
ui  1834.    He  received  his  education  in  the  schools 


of  that  country,  and  was  by  occupation  a  farmer. 
In  1853,  he  came  to  America  and  lived  fom'  years 
in  New  York  city,  bemg  engaged  as  coaclmian ; 
while  in  that  city,  he  married  Miss  Catherine 
Gerard.  They  are  the  parents  of  two  childi'eu. 
Mr.  Ekes  came  to  Miimeapolis  in  1858,  and  has 
since  resided  here:  he  has  a  vegetable  garden  of 
fifteen  acres  on  Hennepin  Avenue,  where  he 
also  raises  all  varieties  of  strawberries ;  he  was 
the  lirst  man  to  sell  vegetables  ui  this  market. 

Owen  Finley  was  born  in  New  York  city,  m 
1 845.  In  early  life  he  went  with  his  parents  to 
Watertown,  Wisconsin,  and  worked  at  the  carp- 
enter's trade  ;  in  1873.  he  removed  to  Minneapolis 
and  continued  working  at  his  trade  imtil  he  was 
given  charge  of  the  Cemetery  of  the  Immaculate 
Conception,  which  is  now  under  his  immediate 
care.  Mr.  Finley  enlisted  in  1862,  in  the 
Twenty-eighth  Wisconsm,  Company  G,  and 
sei-ved  over  three  years.  He  married  Maiia 
Magerty  in  1870.     They  have  live  living  children. 

I).  M.  Foss,  born  in  1820,  in  Strafford  county, 
New  Hampshire.  ^Vt  the  age  of  eighteen,  he 
went  to  Lowell,  ISIassachusetts,  and  learned  car- 
pentering. In  1855,  he  came  here  and  worked  at 
his  trade  until  1879 ;  assisting  in  building  some  of 
the  first  dwellings  in  the  city,  tlie  St.  James 
Hotel,  and  some  of  the  principal  places  of  busi- 
ness. Mr.  Foss  is  now  engaged  in  gardening ;  he 
makes  a  specialty  of  vegetables  and  small  fixdts. 
In  1845,  he  was  marrried,  at  Lowell,  to  Eliza 
Mnrch,  wlio  has  borne  him  three  children. 

AV.  II.  Fruen,  a  native  of  England,  was  born 
July  15th,  1846.  At  the  age  of  seventeen,  he 
commenced  learnhig  the  machinist's  trade.  In 
June  1865,  he  came  to  America  and  wcnked  at 
his  business  in  Boston,  until  removing  to  Minne- 
apolis in  1870 ;  he  worked  in  a  shop  on  Second 
and  Cataract  streets  till  the  present  factory  was 
built  m  1874.  Mr.  Fruen  has  been  twice  married, 
his  present  wife,  to  whom  he  was  married  in  1871, 
was  JSIiss  Henrietta  Binpiest,  oi  lUhiois.  They 
have  three  sons  and  one  daughter. 

Thomas  tiaffney,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  born 
in  1826.  When  two  years  old  he  came  with  his 
parents  to  America,  and  lived  on  a  farm  in  Ar- 
oostook comity,  Maine,  mitU  eighteen  years  of 
age,  when  he  commenced  hmibering  on  the  Pen- 
obscot river.  In  1854.  he  removed  to  Saint  An- 
thony, and  for  eight  winters  worked  in  the  pme- 


MINNEAPOLIS— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


349 


ries  ;  in  1857,  he  secured  the  claim  where  he  now 
lives  and  built  his  present  residence  in  1880. 
August  15th,  1862,  he  enlisted  and  went  to  Fort 
Ridgely  ;  the  folkiwins  summer  he  went  with  the 
expedition  against  the  Indians,  across  the  plains, 
and  in  the  fall  of  1863  went  to  St.  Louis,  where 
lie  was  engaged  in  guard  duty  during  the  winter 
and  in  the  spring  went  into  active  service,  partic- 
ipating in  all  the  battles  of  his  regiment.  He  was 
honorably  discharged  in  August,  1865.  In  April, 
1857,  he  married  Ellen  Buckley.  They  have  six 
children. 

C.  C.  Ganey  was  l)orn  in  New  Bnmswick, 
March  29th,  1828.  At  the  age  of  four  years  he 
went  with  his  parents  to  Maine.  When  he  was 
but  eighteen  his  father  died,  and  it  became  his 
duty  to  care  for  and  support  tlie  family.  In  1850 
he  came  to  Mimiesota,  made  one  of  the  first 
claims  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  and  received 
the  second  patent  from  Washington.  Mr.  Garvey 
attended  the  first  election  on  this  side  of  the  river 
and  cast  the  first  liallot.  lie  was  manied,  in  1859, 
to  Miss  L.  A.  Xason.  Nine  cliildrcn  liave  been 
born  to  them. 

W.  M.  Girling,  a  native  of  England,  was  Imrn  in 
1830.  He  came  to  America,  and  following  the 
business  of  his  father  and  grandfather,  went  to 
manufacturing  knitted  goods.  He  started  facto- 
ries in  Boston,  and  in  New  Ilamiislnre,  and  Ger- 
mantown,  Pennsylvania.  In  1874  he  came  here, 
and  is  now  one  of  the  proprietore  of  the  Minnea- 
polis Knitting  Mills.  Mr.  Girling  lias  a  family  of 
eight  children,  five  sons  and  three  daughters. 

E.  A.  Goodspeed  was  born  in  1854,  at  Vassal- 
borough,  Maine.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in 
April,  1871,  and  was  engaged  in  the  lumber  trade 
until  1877,  when  he  became  a  member  of  tlie  firm 
of  (ioodspeed  and  Sons,  wholesale  dealers  in  sheep. 
This  business  is  exclusively  wholesale,  and  they 
sell  either  on  foot  or  dresse<l.  The  individual 
members  of  the  firm  are  A.  II.,  J.  B.,  and  E.  A. 
(xoodspeed.  April  13th,  1879,  Mr.  Goodspeed 
manied  Maiy  Townsend.    They  have  one  child. 

John  Green,  bom  in  New  Brunswick,  in  1820. 
He  lived  there  until  twenty  years  of  age,  engaged 
in  farming  :  then  went  to  Maine,  and  for  eleven 
years  was  in  the  lumber  Itusiness.  In  the  fall  of 
1853  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and  in  1855,  took 
by  pre-emption  the  farm  he  still  owns,  and  built 
his  present  residence  in  1875.    Mr.  Green  was 


manned,  in  1850,  at  Old  Towii,  Maine,  to  Mary 
Hutchins,  who  was  born  in  1830,  at  Knox,  Waldo 
county,  Maine.  They  have  three  children  :  .James, 
Rhoda,  and  Luella. 

M.  J.  Ilallaron,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  born 
September  9th,  1832.  He  emigrated  to  America 
in  1851,  located  in  Cortland  county,  New  York, 
and  engaged  in  farming.  In  1H57  he  came  to  St. 
Anthony^  and  that  winter  worked  in  the  woods, 
and  in  1855  made  ii  claim  one  mile  west  of  Cedar 
Lake.  The  summer  of  1856  he  worked  on  Lake 
Pepin,  and  that  winter  he  was  with  Mr.  Nash,  in 
the  hardware  business.  The  following  summer, 
he  was  employed  by  Tufts,  Reynolds  and  Co. 
Mr.  Ilallaron  was  married,  December  20th.  1858, 
to  Catharine  AVallace.  They  removed  to  the  farm, 
and  remained  mitil  November,  1862,  when  the> 
came  to  ]Minneai)olis,  and  he  engaged  in  the  dray 
and  express  business  for  fourteen  years.  In  1878 
he  moved  to  his  farm,  and  erected  all  the  buildings. 
They  have  six  children  :  John,  Mary.  Nellie. 
James,  Katie,  and  Agnes. 

Christopher  Hanke,  a  native  of  Germany,  was 
born  in  1826.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1854; 
anil  lived  in  Ohio  until  1857,  when  he  came  here, 
for  two  years  he  rented  a  farm,  and  in  1864  pur- 
chased 205  acres  on  section  5,  6  and  7,  and  has 
since  resided  there.  He  was  married  in  (Ger- 
many, November  9th,  1851,  to  Miss  Stammen. 
They  are  the  parents  of  five  children.  Mr. 
Hanke  makes  a  sjiecialty  of  raising  full  blood 
Jersey  cattle,  Chester  AVIiite  and  Poland 
China  swine.  He  has  one  of  the  finest  farms  in 
Hennepin  county;  his  bam,  built  in  1876,  is  88x36 
feet,  and  four  stories  liigh;  it  is  considered  the 
second  best  in  tlie  county;  he  also  has  a  granary 
73x24  feet,  three  stories  high;  tlie  whole  place  is 
a  model  of  neatness.  Mrs.  Hanke  annually  man- 
ufactures 2,000  pounds  of  fine  liutter  for  private 
customers. 

J.  W.  Hayes  w-as  liorn  in  1853,  at  Watertown, 
Jefferson  county, Wisconsin.  In  1 866  he  moved  to 
Stearns  county,  Minnesota,  and  engaged  in  farm- 
ing; he  came  to  Minneapolis  in  May,  1875,  and 
worked  for  fj.  McPeters  until  he  bought  him  out 
in  1877,  since  which  time  he  has  conducted  the 
Lyndale  Dairj  in  partnership  with  Mr.  ^Matlii- 
son;  they  own  fifty-three  cows,  and  are  doing  a 
successful  business.  Mr.  Hayes  was  married  in 
May,  1879,  to  Miss  Glenen  of  Wisconsin. 


350 


HISTOBY  OF  KENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


J.  F.  Held,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  bora  in 
1844.  lie  moved  to  Indiana  in  1861;  enlisted 
August,  1862.  in  tlie  Fiftli  Indiana  Cavalry,  and 
sen-ed  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  came  to 
Minneapolis  m  1865  and  worked  three  yeai-s  in  a 
saw  mill:  afterwards  was  engaged  as  a  laborer 
until  1871.  when  he  bought  145  acres  of  land  on 
section  30,  and  the  spring  following  started  an 
extensive  garden;  he  makes  a  specialty  of  fine 
celery,  also  raises  a  large  variety  of  vegetables, 
and  has  a  vineyard  of  one-half  acre.  His  wife 
was  Austine  Crousey,  whom  he  married  in  1878. 
They  have  one  child:  Margretta. 

C.  Jenson  was  bom  in  Denmark,  in  1847.  He 
emigrated  to  America,  and  in  1867  went  to  Fond 
du  Lac,  "Wisconsin.  In  the  fall  of  1868  he  re- 
moved to  ilimieapolis.  and  was  engaged  as  laborer 
imtil  1872,  when  he  embarked  ni  the  dairy  busi- 
ness. The  firm  of  Smith  and  Jensou  stalled  with 
foi-ty  cows,  but  at  the  exph-atiou  of  fom-  months 
they  sold  out.  and  in  the  fall  of  1873.  commenced 
with  only  twenty  cows,  which  they  sold  again  in 
the  sprmg.  The  following  autumn,  the  firm  of 
Jenson  Brothere  located  on  the  east  side,  engaged 
in  the  dairy  business  with  twenty-four  cows,  and 
in  1875,  bought  their  place  of  fifteen  acres,  on 
section  29.  In  tlie  sprmg  of  1878  tliis  partnei-ship 
was  disolved,  and  C.  Jenson  is  now  sole  i)ro]>rie- 
tor  of  the  ••  AVesteni  Avenue  Dairy." 

Hans  Johanson,  a  native  of  Denmark,  was 
bom  in  1844.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1872, 
and  in  1876  commenced  the  dairy  business.  He 
now  has  fifteen  cows.  Mr.  Joluuison  was  married, 
in  1875,  to  Miss  Aima  Madsen.  They  are  the 
parents  of  one  child. 

Martui  Layman  was  bom  in  (ireene  county. 
New  York,  January  18th.  1811.  For  a  time  he 
resided  in  Tompkuis  county-,  and  then  removed  to 
Illinois,  wliere  he  worked  at  farmhig  until  1853, 
when  he  came  to  Mimieapolis.  and  bought  the 
place  where  he  has  since  lived.  He  bought  the 
original  claim  of  Hanscom,  and  paid  him  SI, 000 
for  it.  He  biiOt  his  present  commodious  residence 
in  1876.  Mr.  Layman  manied,  in  1832,  Miss  Eliz- 
abeth Brown,  who  has  borne  him  tlmteen  childi-en. 
All  are  living  but  one  son  and  one  daughter. 

A.  D.  Libby,  a  native  of  ^Maine,  was  born 
in  Waldo  county,  in  1833.  After  finishing  his 
education  he  was  engaged  in  a  store  for  a  time, 
and  in  1857  moved  to  Miimesota.  He  fii-st  located 


a  farm  in  Wright  comity,  but  soon  moved  here, 
and  helped  break  the  land  where  South  Minnea- 
polis now  stands.  For  eight  consecutive  years  he 
taught  in  tlie  schools  of  Hennepin  count\".  and 
was  one  of  the  volunteers  at  the  time  of  the  out- 
break m  1862.  Mr.  Libby  is  now  Clerk  of  Miii- 
neapoUs  township.  He  was  manied  in  1866.  to 
Miss  Hannah  Ganey.  They  have  five  cliildren  : 
B>Ton,  Louis,  Viola,  Stella,  and  an  infant. 

P.  S.  ililler.  a  native  of  Sweden,  was  born  in 
1854.  In  the  autumn  of  1879.  he  married  Miss 
Bozetta  Jordan,  of  Jilimieapolis.  He  came  here 
in  1872,  and  worked  for  daiiymen  until  1877.  when 
the  firm  of  Miller  Brothei-s  started  with  twenty 
cows.  They  own  two  acres  of  land  on  section  17, 
and  now  have  sixU^  fine  cows.  They  run  one 
wagon  twice  a  day  m  summer,  and  are  doing  a 
prosperous  business. 

I".  Oswald,  born  iu  Switzerland,  in  1829.  He 
was  a  civil  engineer,  and  worked  ten  years  on  the 
first  railroad  in  his  native  country.  He  emigi'ated 
to  America,  ;uid  in  1875  was  married  to  Frances 
Kmiser,  of  Wisconsin.  He  came  to  MimieapoUs 
in  1867.  and  worked  at  farming  the  first  year; 
after  that  as  landscape  gardener :  in  the  soring 
of  1875  started  his  park,  on  the  Cedar  Lake  road. 
It  is  fm-nished  with  a  good  green-house,  and  its 
fine  drives,  walks,  etc..  make  it  a  favorite  resort. 
Mr.  Oswald  also  furnishes  his  guests  with  ice 
cream,  lemonade,  and  all  kinds  of  refieshmeuts. 

E.  L.  Pratt  was  bom  at  Lincoln,  Maine,  Sep- 
tember 16th.  1830.  He  lived  on  a  farm  until 
nineteen  years  of  age,  then  worked  at  the  lumber 
business;  he  came  to  Saint  Anthony  in  Jmie, 
1850.  and  continued  lumbering  until  1859.  when 
he  removed  to  California.  Init  returne<l  in  1865 
and  bought  the  place  he  now  o\\tis  on  section  17. 
He  maiTied  Lydia.  daughter  of  Rev.  A.  Turner, 
of  Levant,  ^lauie.  They  have  three  children. 
Mr.  Pratt  bought  the  only  dairj-  in  Minneapolis 
in  1865;  it  consisted  of  fifteen  cows,  which  at 
that  time  furnished  the  city  with  milk.  He  now 
owns  forty  milch  cows. 

Stephen  Pi-att,  a  native  of  Penobscot  coimty, 
Maine,  was  born  in  1828.  In  October,  1849,  he 
came  to  Sauit  Anthony:  there  were  but  three  or 
four  houses  here  at  that  time.  He  worked  as 
laborer  and  in  the  lumber  business  until  1858, 
when  he  took  a  claim  in  Wright  county,  which 
he  sold  four  veai-s  later.    He   euUsted  in   the 


MINNEAPOLIS— BIOGBAPHICAL. 


351 


First  Minnesota  Cavalry  in  1862,  and  sensed 
until  tlie  regiment  was  mustered  out  in  Novem- 
ber, 1863.  The  following  winter,  Mr.  Pratt 
worked  in  the  woods  and  in  the  spring  bought 
his  present  farm  of  160  acres;  he  started  the 
dau-y  and  butcher  business  with  a  partner,  but 
they  separated  in  1865,  and  Mr.  Pratt  retained 
the  farm;  he  raised  the  lirst  "early  rose"  potatoes 
in  this  coimty,  paying  thirty-three  dollars  per 
bushel  for  the  seed.  The  second  year  he  raised 
1,50(1  bushels  which  he  sold  at  four  dollars  per 
bushel.  In  .June,  1872.  he  was  manied  to  Mrs. 
Jennie  Ciutis.    They  are  the  parents  of  one  child. 

J.  M.  Patten,  born  in  Penobscot  county,  Maine, 
in  1840.  He  went  to  Cambridge,  Massachusetts, 
in  1858,  and  worked  at  teaming.  In  1860  he 
married  Annette  Danforth,  and  in  1862  enlisted 
in  the  Forty-fourth  Massachusetts  and  served 
until  mustered  out.  In  the  spring  of  1864  lie 
went  to  California  for  the  benefit  of  his  health, 
and  returned  to  Nebraska  by  an  overland  route, 
walking  about  nine  hunih'ed  miles  of  the  way. 
He  was  one  of  the  first  workmen  on  the  U.  P. 
Railroad  in  1866-7.  then  returned  to  Maine  for  a 
short  time,  thence  to  2>Iilton,  Massachusetts.  He 
bought  a  farm  in  Randolpli,  Itut  only  lived  there 
four  years,  when  he  removed  to  Miiuiesota  for 
the  health  of  an  only  son,  who  died  Febniary  22d, 
1877.  Mr.  Patten  is  proprietor  of  the  •'  City 
Dairy,"'  and  owns  fifty  cows. 

Thomas  W.  Peirce,  a  native  of  Lancaster 
county,  Pennsylvania,  was  i)orn  August  23d, 
1823.  He  was  one  of  six  sons  all  of  whom 
learned  the  carpenter's  trade ;  he  commenced 
working  when  fifteen  years  of  age,  and  contuiued 
the  trade  for  about  fifteen  years;  moved  to 
Ohio  in  1846;  he  went  to  Indiana  for  a  short 
time,  liut  returned  to  Ohio  and  formed  a  partner- 
sliip  with  a  Mr.  Ilillnian,  in  contracting  and 
building.  In  the  fall  of  1852  Mr.  Peirce  removed 
to  Saint  ^Vnthony;  he  built  a  house  for  Mr.  Eich- 
ards,  and  in  October,  1852,  he  purcliased  a  claim 
of  40  acres  from  Mr.  Lowell,  paid  thu-ty-three 
dollars  for  it,  and  made  a  settlement  with  the 
government.  The  following  spring  he  cleared  a 
small  piece  of  land  and  planted  one-half  acre  to 
potatoes;  this  was  the  beguuiing  of  his  farm. 
In  the  summer  of  1853  he  built  a  residence  for  | 
Mr.  Hanson.  Mr.  Peirce  was  appointed  a  bidder 
for  the   first  land  sale  in  the  county;   the  sale 


never  occurred  however.  In  1855-6  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Ten-itorial  legislature,  and  was 
president  of  the  Protective  Association,  formed 
by  settlers  to  defend  claims  from  land  jumpers. 
It  was  he  who  shaiiiened  and  drove  the  first 
stake,  for  the  survey  of  Minneapolis,  at  the 
junction  of  Nicollet  and  Hennepin  avenues; 
Charles  Christmas  was  surveyor,  Mr.  Peirce  is 
one  of  the  oldest  living  settlers  of  Hennepin 
county,  and  relates  many  thrilling  incidents  of 
pioneer  life.  He  was  married  in  l.slu  to  Miss 
Margaretta Moss.  Thev  have  two  children:  Fred- 
erick W.  and  Laura  Jeiniie. 

Fred.  Peterson  was  born  in  1850,  in  Denmark. 
He  came  here  in  1872,  and  was  employed  by  dif- 
ferent dairymen  for  five  years.  April  9th,  1879, 
he  manied  Laura  Oleson.  They  have  one  child. 
The  firm  of  Peterson  Brothers,  established  a 
dairy  in  1877,  with  forty-five  cows,  afterward  in- 
creased their  stock  to  sixty-five ;  the  paiinership 
was  discontinued  in  April  1880,  and  Mr.  Fred. 
Peterson  is  now  proprietor  of  the  Accommoda- 
tion dairy. 

Christian  Peterson  came  to  JNIinneapolis  in 
1877,  and  worked  for  dairymen  luitil  the  fall  of 
1879,  when  lie  established  himself  in  the  business  ; 
he  now  has  twenty  cows. 

Michael  Key  was  born  in  Alsace,  in  1S26.  He 
came  to  America  in  1849,  and  was  employed  in  a 
wholesale  store  at  Saint  Louis,  until  1859,  when 
he  removed  to  Bunker  Hill,  Illinois,  and  engag- 
ed in  farming.  In  September  1869,  he  came  here 
and  bought  the  place  he  now  owns.  He  married 
at  Saint  Louis,  in  1852.  Seven  children  have 
been  born  to  them.  Mr.  Hey  has  a  fine  garden, 
with  eighty  square  feet  of  hot  beds  ;  he  raises 
strawberries,  raspberries  and  all  kinds  of  vegeta- 
bles. 

C.  B.  Sanborn,  a  native  of  Carroll  county,  Nevv' 
Hampshire,  was  born  in  1827.  He  learned  the 
tailor's  trade  and  was  in  the  clothing  business  at 
Great  Falls,  New  Hampshire,  for  two  years,  after 
that  he  went  to  Meredith  and  carried  a  general 
stock  of  merchandise  until  1857,  when  he  came 
here,  and  for  a  time  engaged  in  the  grocery  busi- 
ness. He  ^\■as  married  to  Miss  Sarah  Hubbard. 
They  had  one  daughter  who  died  May  3d,  1880, 
at  the  age  of  twenty-one.  Mr.  Sanborn  has 
thirty-three  acres  on  section  34,  and  raises  all 
kinds  of  evergreens  adapted  to  this  climate. 


352 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


X.  Shepherd  was  bom  at  Bedford.  Vermont,  in 
1823.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one,  he  went  to  Lo- 
well, Massachusetts,  and  remained  four  years: 
he  passed  two  years  in  Newbury,  ^'ermont,  then 
removed  to  Ripon,  Wisconsin,  and  carried  on  a 
buikliuR  business  for  four  years,  employing  about 
twenty  men.  He  married  Lydia  Xewcomb.  who 
bore  hiiu  one  son  and  three  daughters.  Mr. 
Shepherd  came  here  in  fall  of  1877.  and  the 
following  spring  started  the  -'North  Star  Fniit 
and  A'egetable  Garden  ;"  he  makes  a  specialty  of 
the  Wilson  and  Albany  strawberries,  the  Phila- 
delphia and  Turner  laspberries  and  the  Brittania 
blackberries :  he  also  raises  a  great  variety  of 
vegetables,  and  keeps  the  different  kinds  of  ever- 
greens that  are  adapted  to  this  climate. 

I..  Small  was  born  in  1844.  at  Pembrook. 
Maine.  When  but  sixteen  years  of  age,  he  went 
to  sea,  and  at  twenty-three  became  captain  of 
the  ship  "\'ulcaiii  after  six  yeai-s.  he  left  the 
water,  and  lived  in  Boston  six  years,  tlien  for  two 
years  he  engaged  in  the  tishing  business.  In 
1862.  he  married  Miss  Bolnna  Ostrom.  ^Mr. 
Small  enil)arked  in  tlie  dairy  business  in  ^March, 
1879,  and  now  owns  forty  cows.  Tlie  firm  of 
Small  and  Darling,  stock  dealers,  was  established 
in  August  1880.  located  at  Sixth  avenue  south  and 
Thirty-fourth  street.  They  have  a  desiraVile 
farm  of  forty  acres,  and  do  a  general  stock  busi- 
ness. 

C.  A.  Smith,  a  native  of  Wilmington.  Xer- 
mont,  was  born  in  1829.  He  lived  there  until 
thirty-three  years  of  age ;  then  went  to  Waltham, 
Massachusetts,  and  for  seven  years  was  engaged 
in  a  bakery.  He  came  to  ^lumesota.  and  worked 
at  the  carpenter's  trade,  three  years  in  Northfleld, 
and  the  same  length  of  time  in  ^linneapolis. 
He  was  maiTied  in  18.50.  to  Elizabeth  A.  Jefts, 
who  has  liorue  him  five  children.  In  1875,  Mr. 
Smitli  started  his  garden  of  ten  acres  on  section 
2,  and  is  doing  a  tlnlving  business ;  he  has  ex- 
tensive hot  beds,  and  tlie  green  liouse  is  a  build- 
ing 75x24  feet. 

James  Smith  was  Imrn  in  Scotland,  in  1834. 
For  a  time  he  held  the  position  of  overseer  of  the 
Colzium  estate  in  Sterlingshire,  for  the  late  Sir 
Archibald  Edmondstone.  In  1871,  he  came  to 
America,  and  for  five  years  had  charge  of  a  stock 
farm  on  Long  Island,  then  of  the  Thorndall  farm 
in  Dutchess  county,  New  York,  two  years,  and  in 


the  spring  of  1876,  took  possession  of  the  Lyn- 
dale  farm,  where  he  now  resides ;  this  place  has 
the  finest  barn  in  Minnesota,  ilr.  Smith  raises 
the  celebrated  Jersey  cattle,  Berkshire  swine, 
Norman  horses  and  Cotswold  and  Lincoln  sheep, 
all  from  imported  stock :  at  the  late  fair,  he  re- 
ceived seven  first-class  premiums  amounting  to 
over  SoOO.  Mr.  Smith's  wife  was  JSIargaret  Mc- 
Yicar,  of  Scotland,  they  were  married  in  1860 
Five  children  have  been  bom  to  them. 

Nils  Smitli,  a  native  of  Denmark,  was  born 
August  17tli,  1847.  He  came  to  America  in  1864; 
located  at  Minneapolis,  and  for  three  years 
worked  on  a  farm;  he  then  engaged  in  tlie  dairy 
business  for  himself :  in  1875,  having  thirty-five 
cows,  he  sold  a  half  interest  and  in  1877,  sold 
the  remainder.  In  the  spring  of  1880,  he  started 
again  witli  thirty-two  cows  and  now  has  thirty- 
eight.  He  owns  ten  acres  of  land  on  section  1, 
and  forty  acres  on  section  29.  In  October,  1875, 
he  married  llanne  Hansen,  who  has  borne  him 
two  children  :  Soren  and  Hanne. 

f'aptain  John  Tapper,  a  native  of  England,  was 
born  in  Dorsetshire,  on  the  25th  of  March,  1820. 
He  emigrated  to  America  in  1840.  and  spent  the 
first  summer  in  St.  Louis.  In  the  fall  he  went  to 
Fort  Atkinson,  Iowa,  remained  one  and  one-half 
years,  then  went  to  Fort  Crawford.  Wisconsin, 
and  lived  imtil  the  autumn  of  1844,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Fort  Snelliug.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
Mexican  war  he  went  to  Mexico,  with  Dr.  George 
Turner,  of  the  I'nited  States  Army,  and  re- 
mained with  him  until  the  close  of  the  war,  when 
they  retinned  together  to  Fort  Snelling,  and  Mr. 
Tapper  engaged  with  FrankUn  Steele.  He  was 
at  the  Fort  something  over  a  year ;  then  came  to 
St.  Anthony,  and  managed  Steele's  boarding-house 
one  season  ;  then  took  charge  of  the  ferry,  and 
afterward  of  the  first  suspension  liridge.  In  1862 
he  removed  to  lo^va,  and  engaged  in  farming.  He 
returned  in  the  ^^•inter  of  1880-81,  and  located  on 
a  farm  belonging  to  the  Steele  estate,  near  ilmne- 
haha  Falls.  On  the  Sth  of  August,  1853,  he  mai- 
ried  Matilda  Stinson.  of  Minneapolis.  This  was 
the  first  marriage  which  occurred  on  the  west  side. 
Five  children  lune  been  born  to  them  :  llosie  E., 
Frank  H.,  Willie  D.,  Mary  M.,  and  Jesse  B.  The 
first  four  were  born  on  Nicollet  Island,  the  last 
one  in  Iowa. 

L.  Tillenv  was  born  in   Plvmouth.  England,  in 


SAINT  ANTHONY— GENERAL  DESCRIPTION. 


353 


1831.  When  a  babe  he  came  witli  his  parents  to 
America,  and  Uved  in  Vermont  until  March,  1854, 
when  lie  went  to  California,  where  he  was  en- 
gaged in  mining  and  the  dairy  business  until  1860. 
He  then  removed  to  Wisconsin,  and  in  the  fall  of 
1863  came  to  ^linneapolis,  and  purchased  the  farm 
he  still  owns,  on  sections  6  and  7.  He  is  a  breeder 
of  the  celebrated  Norman  and  Clyde  horses,  from 
imported  stock.  Mr.  Tilleny  was  married,  in 
1858,  to  Lydia  Stanton. 

Hiram  Van  Nest  was  born  m  1831,  near  San- 
dusky, Ohio.    In  early  life  he  moved  to  lUmois 


with  his  parents,  and  when  twenty  years  of  age 
came  to  Minneapolis.  He  attended  the  first  elec- 
tion held  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  and,  No- 
vember 27th,  1854,  he  had  placed  on  record  the 
first  warranty  deed  in  Hennepin  county.  It  was 
Mr.  Van  Nest  who  cleared  the  road  from  the  point 
where  it  leaves  Lake  Calhoim  to  Mlnne-ha-haCreek 
near  the  Goodrich  farm.  In  1861  he  married 
Rachel  Blaisdell.  They  have  two  children  living. 
His  farm  of  120  acres  is  on  section  10.  He 
raises  short-horn  cattle,  Lincoln  and  Southdown 
sheep,  and  Berkshire  swine,  from  imported  stock. 


SAINT  ANTHONY. 


CHAPTER  LV. 

GENEKAL  DESCRIPTION— EARLY  SETTLEMENT — 

SCHOOLS ORGANIZATION STATISTICAL 

CEMETERIES —  MANUFACTURES  —  NURSERY — 
BIOGRAPHICAL. 

The  township  of  St.  Anthony,  formerly  em- 
braced a  much  larger  portion  of  territory  than 
at  present,  and  with  somewhat  indefinite  boun- 
daries. Until  the  year  of  1848,  it  was  included 
in  the  Territorial  limits  of  Wisconsin,  from 
which  it  was  separated  by  the  boundary  lines 
established  with  the  admission  of  Wisconsin  as 
a  State.  The  whole  territory  then  known  as  St. 
Croix  county,  was,  by  the  newly  established 
bounds,  practically  without  a  local  government 
until  tlie  territorial  organization  of  Minnesota,  in 
1849,  when  the  county  of  St.  Croix  was  divided 
into  Washington  and  Ramsey  counties.  St.  An- 
thony remained  a  part  of  Ramsey  county  until 
1856,  when  by  a  special  act  of  the  Territorial 
legislature,  the  boundaries  of  Hennepin  county 
were  extended  across  the  Mississippi  river.  The 
original  bill  included  a  strip  about  two  miles 
wide,  east  of  the  present  limits,  which  was  mod- 
ified by  a  joint  resolution,  fixing  the  eastern 
boundary  one  mile  east  of  its  present  location. 

and  running  south  to  the  line  between  townships 
23 


28  and  29,  thence  due  west  to  the  river.    This 
arrangement  was  never  wholly  satisfactory,  and 
during  the  session  of  1861,  a  legislative  act  ap- 
proved iSIarch  9th,  fixed  the  boundaries  of  the 
township    as    follows :     "  Commencing   on   the 
north    line  of    township  29,  range  24,  on  the 
Mississippi  river,  thence  due  east  to  a  point  be- 
tween  sections  5  and  6,  township  29,  range  23, 
thence  due  south  on  the  section  line  to  the  Mis- 
sissippi river,  thence  up  said  river  to  the  place  of 
beginning."     From  the  territory  included  in  this 
description  a  portion  embracing  several  sections 
was,  March  3d,  1855,  carved  out  for  the  corpo- 
rate limits  of  the  city  of  St.  Anthony,  leaving 
the  town  an  ell-shaped  tract  of  about  ten  sec- 
tions lying  principally  north  and  east  of  the  city. 
North  of  the  city  limits  and  along  the  river  is 
wild  meadow  land,  merging  into  a  narrow  belt  of 
prairie  which  is  skirted    by  light  timber,  per- 
haps better  known  as  brush-land.     The  latter  is 
hilly,  particularly  in  the  north-west.    The  soil  in 
the  timbered  portion  is  black  loam,  with  clay 
sub-soil,  while  the  prairie  is  light  sandy  loam. 
There  are  no  large  bodies  of  water  in  this  town- 
ship.   Sandy  Lake,  in  the  north-west  is  a  small 
marshy  lake.    Bridal- Veil  Falls,  on  the  bank  of 
the  Mississippi  just  below  the  city,  are  very  beau- 
tiful.    A  small  creek    which   rises    in   Ramsey 
county,  here  leaps  into  the  river  over  a  precipice, 


354 


HISTOBT  OF  nEy^KEPIN  COUNTY. 


with  a  sheer  descent  of  about  sixt.v  feet.  The 
name  originated  from  the  supposed  resemblance 
to  the  veil  of  a  bride. 

EAKLT  SETTLE3IENT. 

In  the  faU  of  1850,  X.  O.  Phillips  and  L.  C. 
Timpson  made  claims  on  the  north-west  quarter 
■of  section  6.  and  moved  to  them  the  following 
spring.  A  little  latter.  Lewis  Stone,  and  his  sons 
Jacob  and  Leonard,  located  on  sections  6  and  7, 
and  were  followed  by  Mr.  Finch,  who  took  a 
claim  on  the  south-east  quarter  of  section  6.  Pre- 
%ious  to  these  actual  settlei-s.  several  parties 
living  in  St.  Anthony  made  claims  in  the  north- 
west part  of  the  town.  William  Dugas.  lived  on 
his  a  number  of  years  and  ran  a  ferry  across  the 
Mississippi.  He  now  resides  in  the  town  of  Day- 
ton. Washington  (ictchell  had  a  claim  on  the 
south-west  quarter  of  section  3,  which  he  sold  to 
Edward  Patch.  Mr.  Phillips  still  lives  on  his 
claim.  He  was  appointed  town  clerk.  October 
20th.  1862,  and  has  held  the  oflBce  without  inter- 
ruption until  th^  present  time.  Mr.  Timpson 
lived  on  his  claim  until  18(52,  when  he  entered 
the  army.  He  was  a  prisoner  at  AndersonviUe, 
and  died  of  ill-treatment  received  there.  He 
was  exchanged,  but  his  death  occurred  before  he 
could  reach  the  union  lines.  His  widow  died  in 
Minneapolis,  in  August,  1878.  Mr.  Stone  Sr., 
resided  on  his  claim  about  fifteen  yeare.  then 
went  up  to  the  Platte  river  where  he  erected  a 
flouring  mill.  He  subsequently  went  to  Pike's 
Peak  and  there  died.  His  son  Jacob  also  moved 
with  his  family  to  Pike's  Peak  and  died  there. 
The  son  Leonard  is  now  in  California.  Mr. 
Finch  lived  on  his  claim  a  few  years,  then  moved 
to  the  city,  where  he  died  some  years  ago.  Chas. 
Estes  settled  on  section  2,  in  1853,  and  Elijah 
Grindall  located  on  section  1,  the  following  year. 
Estes  still  resides  in  the  township  and  Grindall 
died  in  1872.  His  son  Olin  conducts  the  farm. 
M.  F.  Kletzin  settled  on  section  12,  in  1856,  and 
still  resides  here.  Louis  KampfE  came  in  1857, 
and  has  since  been  engaged  in  the  manufacture 
of  pottery.  The  early  historj-  of  this  town  is 
closely  alUed  to  that  of  the  city  of  St.  Anthony, 
and  in  the  chapter  on  the  city  will  be  foimd  the 
incidents  coimected  with  its  history. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school-house  erected  in  the  township, 


outside  the  city,  was  located  on  the  north-west 
quarter  of  section  2.  and  was  built  in  1858.  It 
was  a  frame  structm'e.  about  24  x  30  feet,  and  one 
story  high.  The  district  then  included  all  of  the 
township  west  of  the  Sandy  Lake  road,  and  is 
now  known  as  district  number  one.  The  house 
was  subsequently  moved  to  its  present  location  on 
the  river  road,  in  the  north-west  quarter  of  section 
10.  The  second  school-house  was  built  in  1859, 
on  the  south-east  quarter  of  section  7.  in  district 
number  two.  The  house  was  a  frame.  20x30 
feet,  and  located  on  section  6.  In  1861.  this  dis- 
trict was  divided,  giving  the  township  three  dis- 
tricts, the  present  number.  The  buildings  belong- 
ing to  districts  two  and  three  are  good  frame 
structures,  and  furnished  with  patent  seats  and 
desks.  In  district  number  one  the  old  house  is 
still  in  use. 

ORGAXIZATION. 

The  township  of  Saint  Anthony  was  organized 
May  11th.  1858.  and  id  the  meeting  held  for  that 
purpose,  David  Heaton  was  chosen  chairman,  D. 
A.  Secombe  moderator,  and  Thomas  T.  XeweU 
clerk.  The  election  for  town  officers  was  held  the 
same  day,  and  after  the  polls  were  closed,  Mr. 
Secombe  resigned  as  moderator,  and  D.  S.  B. 
Johnston  was  chosen  in  his  place.  The  votes 
were  then  canvassed,  with  the  following  result : 
Supenisors,  J.  B.  Gilbert,  chairman,  J.  C.  Tufts, 
and  Richard  Fewer ;  Clerk.  D.  M.  Demmon  ;  As- 
sessor. J.  A.  Lennon :  Collector,  J.  W.  Ellis ; 
Overseer  of  Poor,  James  Holmes  ;  Justices  of  the 
Peace.  Solon  Armstrong  and  Anthony  Grethen  ; 
Constables.  L.  C.  Johnson  and  Albert  Gowen ; 
Overseer  of  Eoads.  Closes  Whittier.  The  first 
meeting  held  separate  from  the  city  of  St.  Anthony 
was  on  April  3d,  1860,  at  the  Mississippi  House, 
north  of  the  city  on  the  river  road.  The  officers 
elected  were :  Supervisors.  L.  C.  Timpson, 
chairman.  Edward  Patch,  and  G.  W.  Buck- 
more  ;  Clerk,  and  Superintendent  of  Schools, 
G.  F.  Cross ;  Treasurer.  D.  D.  Moore :  Assessor, 
E.  "W.  Grindall ;  Justices.  Stephen  Cobb  and  Jo- 
seph Hawes,  Jr.;  Constables'.  J.  E.  Philbrook  and 
John  Rank.  Following  is  a  list  of  chairmen  of 
the  Town  Board,  and  the  years  for  which  they 
were  elected :  In  1861-2,  G.  F.  Cross;  1863.  Ste- 
phen Cobb  ;  1864  to  1872,  inclusive.  AV.  H.  Cole : 
1873.  Joseph  Ingerhutt;  1874,  A.  H.  Weeks; 
1875  to  1879,  inclusive,  Edwin  Cooley ;  18S0,  J.  B. 


SAINT  ANTHONY— BIOGEAPHICAL. 


355 


Eustis.  The  present  officers  are :  Supervisors, 
J.  B.  Eustis,  elKiirman,  J.  G.  Swahn,  aud  M.  F. 
Kletzin;  Clerk,  X.  O.  Phillips;  Treasurer,  L. 
Kampff ;  Assessor,  C.  Lennehan  ;  Justices,  Ed- 
win Cooley  and  S.  M.  JSIoore :  Constable,  Cornel- 
ius Lennehan. 

STATISTICAL. 

The  township  has  an  area  of  5,497  acres,  the 
assessed  valuation  of  which,  was  in  1869,  53,- 
885;  in  1875,  §219,335;  in  1880,  .?400,449.  There 
are  also  town  lots,  not  included  in  the  city  limits, 
valued  at  $89,690.  The  valuation  of  personal 
property,  was  in  1869,  $12,240;  in  1875,  $18,942; 
in  1880,  $33,786.  Number  of  horses  over  two 
years  old,  in  1869,  82;  in  1875,  98;  in  1880,  132. 
Number  of  cattle  over  two  years  old,  in  1869, 
211;  in  1875,  227;  in  1880,  239.  Number  of  sheep 
in  1869,  36;  in  1875;  38;  in  1880,  28.  Number  of 
hogs  in  1869,  34;  in  1875, 146;  in  1880,  405.  Total 
amount  of  taxes  for  1869,  $1,699;  for  1875,  $2,- 
291;  for  1880,  $5,962.  In  1869,  the  production  of 
wheat  amounted  to  6,553  bushels;  in  1875,  to 
3,638  bushels;  in  1880,  610  acres  were  sown  to  that 
cereal.  The  population  of  the  township  is  485, 
according  to  the  last  census. 

CEMETERIES. 

Maple  Hill  Cemetery  is  located  in  the  south- 
west corner  of  section  6,  one  mile  north  of  the 
city  limits,  aud  has  been  in  use  since  1852,  in 
which  year  it  was  established  by  R.  W.  Cum- 
mings. 

The  Catholic  Cemetery  was  established  about 
1857.  It  contains  sixteen  acres,  and  is  located  on 
tlie  north-east  quarter  of  section  11,  one  mile 
north  of  the  city  limits. 

MANUFACTURES. 

In  August  1857,  Louis  Kampff  located  on  sec- 
tion 10,  on  the  river  road,  and  at  on.ce  began  the 
manufacture  of  pottery.  His  first  building,  was 
a  log  shanty  about  16x20  feet.  In  1860,  he 
erected  a  new  building,  of  stone,  20x30  feet,  two- 
stories  high.  Additions  have  been  made  from 
time  to  time,  as  increasing  business  demanded, 
and  he  now  has  a  large  establishment  with  an 
annual  business  of  from  four  to  live  thousand 
dollars. 

The  Minnesota  Rendering  and  Fertilizing  Com- 
pany, began  business  in  the  spring  of  1877, 
under  the  firm  name  of  F.  M.  Upliam  and  Com- 


pany. January  1880,  William  Wyman  became 
a  partner,  and  the  present  name  was  adopted. 
Their  rendering  works  were  first  located  on 
Bridal  Veil  creek,  a  few  rods  above  the  falls, 
but  in  1880,  new  Ijuildings  were  erected  in  the 
south-east  part  of  the  township,  near  Meeker's 
Island,  and  the  machinery  moved  there.  The 
main  building  is  50x100  feet,  three  stories  high, 
with  an  engine  room  on  the  east,  28x40,  and 
an  addition  on  the  west,  25x30 ;  also  a  black- 
smith shop,  25x30,  and  a  barn  60x80.  This 
company  have  an  abattoir  located  on  the  flats 
near  Saint  Paul,  with  a  capacity  for  killing 
two  hundred  cattle  and  five  hundred  hogs  per 
day.  At  the  rendering  establishment  twenty-one 
persons  are  employed.  The  business  offices  are 
at  number  11,  First  street  north,  Minneapolis, 
and  64,  East  Seventh  street.  Saint  Paul. 

NURSERY. 

The  Summit  Nursery  was  established  on  sec- 
tion 12,  about  1862,  by  Thomas  Moulton,  and 
contains  nearly  thirty  acres.  This  nursery  is 
well  stocked  with  fruit  trees  and  shrubbery 
adapted  to  this  climate. 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Adam  Burg,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born  in 
1826,  at  the  village  of  Moetsch.  He  attended 
school  until  twelve  years  of  age,  and  afterward 
worked  on  a  farm.  In  1852  he  emigrated  with 
his  father  to  the  United  States.  He  resided  in 
Chicago  three  years.  In  1855  he  came  to  Minne- 
sota, settled  at  St.  Anthony,  and  has  since  been  a 
permanent  resident  of  Hennepin  county.  His  wife 
was  Therese  Kohler.  Their  marriage  occurred  in 
1866.  Of  the  nuie  children  born  to  them,  six  are 
living. 

Charles  Estes  was  born  in  the  town  of  Cornish, 
York  county,  Maine,  April,  1835.  He  engaged 
in  railroad  business  in  Massachusetts  for  a  time, 
and  in  1853  moved  with  his  parents  to  Minnesota. 
He  located  at  Anoka,  and  helped  build  the  first 
mill-dam  at  that  place.  He  eventually  came  to 
St.  Anthony,  which  is  still  his  home.  His  father 
is  living  with  him — a  vigonuis  old  gentleman, 
eighty-seven  years  of  age.  Charles  Estes  enlisted 
in  the  Ninth  Minnesota  Infantry,  and  served 
three  years.  He  is  one  of  the  old  settlers,  and 
has  a  fine  place.  The  firet  brick  made  in  this 
county  were  manufactured  on  his  farm.    His  wife 


856 


HISTOBT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


■was  Mrs.  Julia  Estes,  whom  he  married  in  1872. 
They  have  three  children  li^-ing. 

Elijah  AV.  Grindall  (deceased)  was  bom  Septem- 
ber 20th.  1S04.  at  Penobscot,  Hancock  count>-, 
Maine.  He  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools,  and  then  worked  at  farming.  In  Janu- 
ary, 1826,  he  married  Caroline  Higgins,  who  bore 
him  nine  children.  Mr.  Grindall  came  to  St.  An- 
thony in  1854.  after  a  few  months  residence  in 
Iowa.  He  was  an  energetic  farmer,  and  served 
as  County  Commissioner  several  terms.  His 
death  occurred  in  1872.  Jlrs.  Grindall  and  her 
youngest  son,  Olin,  live  at  the  farm. 

Ernest  Hilgedick,  a  native  of  Germaiy,  ^i as 
born  in  1823.  He  attended  school  until  sixteen 
years  of  age.  and  was  emploved  in  fanning  from 
that  time  imtil  1844,  when  he  emigrated  with  his 
parents  to  America.  He  resided  in  "Warren 
county,  Missouri,  imtil  18-50;  then  spent  three 
j'ears  in  California,  where  he  met  with  considera- 
ble success  in  mining.  He  came  to  Minnesota, 
and  purchased  a  farm  in  Eamsey  county.  Lived 
there  until  he  settled  in  tliis  county,  in  1872.  His 
marriage  with  Lisetta  Dothage  occurred  in  1853. 
They  have  ten  children.  Two  of  the  sons  are 
proprietors  of  the  Edgewood  Dairy. 

Louis  Kampif  was  born  in  Hanover,  North 
Germany,  in  1828.  He  learned  the  trade  of  pot- 
ter, and  came  to  the  United  States  in  1854,  lived 
three  years  at  Galena,  Illinois,  then  came  to  St. 
Anthony,  where  he  has  since  been  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  pottery,  with  success.  He  was 
married  in  1857,  at  Galena,  Illinois,  to  Minnie 
Koehlberg,  of  that  place — seven  children  were 
bom  to  them,  six  of  whom  are  living. 

M.  F.  Kletzin  was  born  in  North  Prussia,  in 
1830.  In  1852,  he  came  to  America  and  lo- 
cated at  Lockport,  New  York,  where  he  was  en- 
gaged m  gardening  until  1856,  when  he  came  to 
St.  Anthony,  and  resided  in  the  city  till  1865, 
then  located  on  the  place  where  he  now  lives. 
He  has  made  gardening  a  successful  business. 
Manied  in  1861,  Johanna  Sandhoff,  ^\ho  has 
borne  himtwochildren.but  oneof  whom  is  living. 

John  Oberlies.  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
in  1834.  At  the  age  of  fourteen,  he  began  an 
apprenticeship  at  the  carpenter's  trade,  and  in 
1853,  came  to  America.  He  lived  in  Pennsylva- 
nia five  years,  then  came  to  this  county,  and  has 


since  resided  in  the  town  of  St.  Anthony.  He 
was  among  the  first  carpenters  who  worked  in 
Minneapolis.  His  wife  was  Miss  Katherine  Kess- 
ler,  whom  he  married  in  18.54.  They  have  had 
eight  children,  of  whom  five  are  living. 

Nathan  O.  Phillips,  one  of  the  oldest  settlers 
of  St.  Anthony  township,  was  born  in  Windham 
county,  Vermont,  in  1822.  He  attended  the  pub- 
lic schools,  until  the  age  of  eighteen,  and  was 
also  engaged  in  the  occupations  of  farmer  and 
carriage  builder.  In  1844,  he  went  to  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  and  found  employment  in  a 
wholesale  paper  establishment,  where  he  re- 
mained about  six  years,  and  in  18-50.  came  to 
St.  Anthony.  lie  lived  there  one  year  then 
made  the  claim  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided. He  has  been  clerk  of  the  town  for  the 
last  eighteen  years.  He  was  married  in  1849,  to 
ilary  A.  Pliilbrook.  Four  children  have  been 
bom  to  them,  two  now  living :  Euguia  F.  and 
Proctor  H. 

C.  J.  Swanson  was  born  in  Smoland,  South 
Sweden.  He  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in 
.  1869.  and  settled  in  McLeod  county.  Minnesota; 
one  year  later  he  came  to  ^ilinneapolis.  He  began 
themanufacture  of  brick  in  1876.  The  business  has 
since  been  prosperous.  The  yards  are  located  on 
the  east  side  of  the  river,  three  miles  north  of 
the  city  and  furnish  employment  to  forty-five 
men  and  ten  teams.  He  was  married  in  1876,  to 
Christine  Johnson,  who  has  borne  him  one  child. 

Frank  Thiry.  a  native  of  France,  was  born 
February  25th,  1835.  He  engaged  in  farming 
till  1853  when  he  came  to  America.  After  a 
residence  of  two  years  in  New  York,  where  he 
learned  the  tinners'  trade,  he  removed  to  Utica, 
thence  to  Illinois,  and  worked  at  his  trade  at 
Napierville.  In  1857  he  came  to  Saint  Anthony 
and  worked  as  tinner  for  Spence  and  Pomeroy. 
In  1860  he  established  a  hardware  and  tin  store, 
and  carried  on  the  business  five  years,  then  took 
as  partner,  Charles  Ilemy.  and  the  firm  of 
Frank  Thiry  and  Company  did  a  successful  busi- 
ness for  about  ten  years.  Mr.  Thiry  was  obliged 
to  leave  the  city  on  account  of  ill-health,  and 
has  since  lived  on  his  farm.  He  still  owns  the 
business  house,  number  9,  Main  street,  E.  D. 
He  was  married  in  1860,  to  Caroline  Stolzman; 
they  have  had  eight  children,  seven  of  whom  are 
living. 


INTBODUCTOEY. 


357 


CITY  OF  MINNEAPOLIS. 


CHAPTEK  LVI. 

INTRODUCTORY— CLAIMS— FRANKLIN  STEELE— 

BOUNDARIES FIRST     DEED — AFFIDAVIT    OF 

SPENCE — NAAaOATION — SETTLERS  AND  LU3I- 
BERMEN — STORES — JIILL  ERECTED — MISFOR- 
TUNES. 

Waterfalls  have  alwaj's  borne  magic  with  tliem. 
It  sparkles  in  their  spray  and  shines  in  their  rain- 
bows. Fairy  stories  are  based  on  legends  of  mount- 
ain cascades,  and  good  or  bad  spirits  were  in  an- 
cient times  supposed  to  hover  around  them  to  influ- 
ence the  lives  of  visitors.  Waverly  has  peopled  the 
crags  and  glens  of  old  Scotland  with  spirits  wher- 
ever a  well  or  waterfall  was  to  be  found.  The 
poor  Indian  whose  imagination  could  not  extend 
so  far,  looked  at  the  ■'  Ka-ka-bi-ka  Irara  "'  as  the 
abode  of  his  Manitou.  Jonathan  Carver  writes 
that,  on  his  first  visit  to  the  falls,  which  liappened 
about  1767,  he  was  accompanied  by  a  chief  of 
the  Winnebagoes.  He  says:  "  The  Prince  had 
no  sooner  gained  the  point  that  overlooked  this 
wonderful  cascade  than  he  began  with  an  audible 
voice  to  address  the  Great  Spuit,  one  of  whose 
places  of  residence  he  imagined  this  to  be.  He 
told  Him  that  he  had  traveled  a  long  way  to  pay 
his  adorations  to  Him,  and  now  would  make  Him 
the  best  offering  in  his  power.  He,  accordingly, 
first  threw  his  pipe  into  the  stream,  then  the 
roll  that  contained  his  tobacco;  after  these  the 
bracelets  he  wore  upon  his  arms  and  wrists;  next 
an  ornament  that  encircled  his  neck  and  the  ear- 
rings from  his  ears.  In  short,  he  presented  to  his 
God  every  part  of  his  dress  that  was  valualile. 
During  this  time  he  frequently  smote  his  breast 
with  gi-eat  violence,  threw  his  arms  about,  and 
appeared  to  be  much  afflicted.  All  this  while  he 
continued  his  adorations,  and  at  length  concluded 
them  with  fervent  petitions  that  the  Great  Spirit 
would  constantly  afford  us  protection  on  our 
travels,  giving  us  a  bright  smi,  a  blue  sky  and 


clear  untroubled  waters.  Nor  would  he  leave 
until  we  had  smoked  together,  with  my  pipe,  iu 
honor  of  the  Great  Spirit."  The  white  man,  who 
has  usurped  both  hunting-ground  and  water-fall, 
worshiped  money  more  than  the  God  of  Nature, 
and  looked  to  the  precious  yellow  metal  to  cure 
every  disease  and  afford  him  both  comfort  and 
protection.  He  did  not,  like  the  Indian,  fall 
down  and  worship  the  spirit  of  the  falls;  still, 
after  admiring  the  beauty,  he  proceeded  with  lead 
and  line  to  take  its  measurement,  estimate  its 
capacity  to  drive  machinery,  take  its  geographical 
situation  with  reference  to  commercial  centres, 
and  witli  mathematical  estimates  specidate  on  its 
future  value.  The  Indian  and  his  romantic  vis- 
ions have  passed  away,  and  his  Manitou  has  been 
forever  dethroned.  The  falls  themselves  have 
covered  their  natural  charms  in  answer  to  the  be- 
hest of  knowledge  and  progress.  The  new  di- 
vinity, that  has  taken  the  abode  of  the  Indian's 
Manitou,  in  obedience  to  the  custom  established 
when  knowledge  first  crept  into  the  Garden  of 
Eden,  is  in  one  sense  a  god.  The  element  of 
power,  at  least,  remains;  that  element  which  to 
most  men  is  the  important  attribute  of  Deity,  to 
which  in  their  view,  knowledge,  justice  and  good- 
ness are  subordinate.  This,  with  almost  absolute 
sway,  has  determined  the  site  of  a  great  city,  has 
compelled  capital  to  come  from  afar  to  develop 
the  resom-ces  of  the  great  North-west,  has  gath- 
ered a  population  of  fifty  thousand  i)eople  as 
devotees  in  its  immediate  vicinity,  and  more  than 
twenty  thousand  more  of  farmers  and  smaller 
merchants  to  feed  the  central  industry.  No  wand 
of  fairy  queen  or  ''  nod  "  of  Indian  Manitou  was 
ever  known  to  produce  such  a  result.  It  is  the 
purpose  of  this  history  to  trace  the  development 
from  the  first. 

In  the  year  1836,  a  territory  existed  in  the 
North-west,called  Wisconsin,  organized  that  year, 
and  including  wilhiu  its  bounds,  in  addition  to 


358 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


what  is  now  Wisconsin,  part  of  the  upper 
peninsula  of  Michigan,  the  \vhole  of  :Minnesota 
Snd  Iowa,  and  that  part  of  Dakota  lying  east  of 
the  Missouri  and  White  Earth  rivers.  At  the 
intersection  of  the  Mississippi  river  and  the 
forty-flfth  degree  of  north  latitude,  the  watere  of 
the  might\'  river  poured  over  precipitous  rocks, 
forming  a  beautiful  water-fall,  which  had  been  de- 
scribed by  many  explorers  as  picturesque,  and 
possibly  of  gieat  value  in  the  future.  Such  reports 
had  prevailed  for  one  himdred  and  fifty  years, 
without  eUeiting  general  attention. 

Major  Plympton,  of  the  oth  United  States  In- 
fantry, successor  of  ilajor  Bliss  in  command 
at  Fort  Snelling,  and  othere,  made  a  claim 
at  St.  Anthony  Falls,  in  1836.  and  built  a  log 
house.  In  1837.  Sergeant  Caipenter.  of  Company  A 
of  the  same  regiment,  stationed  at  the  Fort,  made 
a  claim  adjoining  that  of  ilajor  Plympton,  et  al., 
on  the  north.  In  the  summer  of  1838,  Franklm 
Steele  appears  as  an  interested  partner  in  the 
claim  of  Major  Plympton.  Mr.  Steele  first  arrived 
at  Fort  Snelling  in  1837,  as  will  appear  in 
his  biography,  but  though  it  would  appear  that 
from  the  first  he  purposed  to  secure  the  claim  at 
the  falls,  still  he  waited  the  proper  time  to  arrive, 
and  in  the  meantime  became  interested  in  busi- 
ness at  the  Falls  of  St.  Croix.  The  circumstances 
attending  his  pre-emption  are  as  follows: 

The  steamer  Burlington.  Captain  Throckmor- 
ton, aiTived  at  Fort  Snelling  June  13th.  1838, 
having  on  board  Franklin  Steele,  who  had  been 
spending  the  winter  at  Washington,  P.  F.  Baker, 
a  trader  located  near  Fort  Snelling,  Captain  Ma- 
riatt  of  the  British  navy,  and  General  Atkinson, 
U.  S.  A,  The  next  day  the  whole  party  rode  out 
to  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony.  Five  days  after 
this,  the  steamboat  Ariel  arrived  from  St.  Louis, 
and  a  ^Ir.  Beebe,  one  of  the  passengers,  an- 
nounced the  rmnor  that  the  United  States  Senate 
had  ratified  the  treaty  %\-ith  the  Indians,  by  \-ii-tue 
of  which  the  lands  between  the  St.  Croix  and  the 
Mississippi  were  ceded  to  the  United  States.  It 
was  not,  however,  till  the  loth  of  July,  that  the 
ofiicial  notice  was  brought  by  the  steamer  Pal- 
myra. The  first  report  created  much  interest 
among  the  aspirants  for  claims  in  the  newly 
acquired  territory,  but  the  confirmation  led  to 
decided  action. 

It  is  said  that  in  June,  1838,  and,  if  this  be  a 


correct  date,  before  the  official  notice  was  re- 
ceived, Franklin  Steele  and  Captain  L.  Scott,  of 
the  Fifth  U.  S.  Infantry,  set  out  post  haste  for 
the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  each  anxious  to  sec\u-e 
the  best  claim,  including  the  falls.  Captain  Scott 
came  up  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  but  was 
unable  to  cross,  while  iMr.  Steele,  who  took  the 
east  bank,  in  company  with  assistants,  was  able 
to  make  a  shanty  ready  to  entertain  his  friends 
fi'om  the  Fort  when  they  made  the  detour  neces- 
sary to  join  him  on  the  opposite  bank. 

In  reply  to  the  allegation  of  Scott  that  the 
claim  had  been  previously  occupied  by  him  in 
company  with  others,  Mr.  Steele  answered,  that 
their  claim  was  void,  for  t«-o  reasons;  first,  be- 
cause made  before  the  ratification  of  the  treaty, 
and,  secondly,  because  of  the  incapacity  of  the 
claimants  to  pre-empt  land  while  holding  military 
ofllces  under  the  goverimient. 

This  claim  continued  to  be  known  for  some 
time  as  the  claim  of  Major  Plympton  and  others. 
An  old  voyageur,  named  La  Grue,  was  placed 
in  charge,  occupying  a  log  house  opposite  the 
falls,  and  until  1839  took  care  of  the  claim.  His 
stewardship  ended  in  a  tragical  manner.  Owing 
to  the  distance  of  supplies  and  the  semi-barbarous 
method  of  subsistence,  of  which  hunting  and 
fishing  formed  an  important  part,  La  Grue  was 
frequently  absent  from  home  on  a  visit  to  the 
Fort  or  the  government  farm,  to  secure  supplies, 
or  on  some  hunting  or  fishing  excursion.  On  re- 
turning from  one  of  these,  as  he  approached  his 
hut,  he  saw  from  the  high  ground  the  smoking 
nuns  of  his  cabin.  Hurrying  to  the  spot,  he  not 
only  found  everything  bm-ned,  but  the  charred 
remains  of  his  wife  were  also  among  the  debris. 
The  fire  was  supposed  to  be  accidental,  but  no 
explanation  could  be  obtained  where  none  lived 
to  explain.  After  grieving  over  his  loss,  he  set 
out  to  go  around  by  the  island  to  cross  the  river 
and  seek  shelter  at  the  government  farm  by  the 
mill  on  the  west  side,  but  met  a  party  of  Chip- 
pewas,  who  had  come  down  from  the  north  to 
secure  a  few  Dakota  scalps.  They  received  him 
at  their  camp,  as  night  was  coming  on.  and  af- 
forded him  such  comfort  as  they  coidd  give.  La 
Grue  after  this  left  the  country. 

One  Charles  Landry,  also  a  French  voyageur, 
was  next  placed  in  charge  of  the  claim  by  Mr. 
Steele.    His  irregularities  were  more  blamable 


CLAIMS  AND  IBANSFERS. 


359 


than  those  of  La  Grue,  for,  returning  from  a 
somewhat  extended  absence,  he  found  his  cabin 
occupied,  guarded  and  barred  against  him  by 
some  intruder.  An  adventurer,  named  James 
Mink,  knowing  the  irregularities  of  the  steward , 
had  "jumped"  the  claim  in  his  absence,  and  as 
the  intruder  seemed  prepared  and  disposed  to 
maintain  his  position,  Landry  left  him  in  possess- 
sion  and  reported  the  outrage  to  Mr.  Steele  at  the 
Fort. 

Mr.  Steele  recovered  his  claim  by  purchase  of 
^link,  paying  him  several  hundred  dollars,  and 
Joseph  Reaehi  was  put  in  charge.  He  was  a 
Canadian  voyageur  and  came  from  the  Fort 
bringing  his  wife,  five  sons  and  two  daughters. 

In  1838,  two  houses,  one  each  side  of  the  river, 
were  the  only  dwellings  in  what  is  now  Minne- 
apolis. These  were  the  old  government  house 
buUt  in  1822,  and  the  log  house  of  Franklin 
Steele. 

The  Plympton  claim  was  boimded  on  tlie  north 
by  a  line  beginning  at  a  large  cedar  tree,  situated 
on  the  east  bank  of  the  river,  opposite  where  the 
"coffer  dam""  now  is,  thence  at  right  angles  to  the 
river  indefinitely.  It  will  appear  frt)m  this  and 
following  descriptions,that  the  boundaries  of  these 
first  claims  were  usually  undefined,  except  where 
claims  adjoined,  and  it  was  long  before  their  east- 
ern boundaries  were  fixed  at  all,  as  claims  were 
not  made  except  on  the  river.  The  Mississippi 
formed  the  western  boundary.  The  southern 
boundary  was  a  line  beginning  at  a  point  opposite 
the  lower  end  of  Spirit  Island,  thence  easterly  at 
right  angles  to  the  river  indefinitely,  as  stated  of 
the  northern  boundary. 

The  Carpenter  claim,  made  as  stated  above,  in 
1837,  was  bounded  on  the  south  by  the  Plympton 
claim,  west  by  the  river ;  the  northern  and 
eastern  bounds  were  left  indefinite,  the  whole  to 
contain  about  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres. 
These  two  claims  embraced  all  the  lands  near  the 
falls  on  the  east  side,  esteemed  valualde  by  claim- 
ants. November  8th,  1838.  Sergeant  Nathaniel  Car- 
penter transferred  to  Private  Thomas  Brown,  also 
of  Company  A,  oth  United  States  Infantry,  an  un- 
divided half  of  his  claim,  for  twenty-five  dollars, 
and  a  log  house  was  built  on  the  claim  by  the 
joint  owners,  situated  near  the  river,  at  a  place 
between  what  are  now  Tliird  and  Fourth  Avenues 
north-east.    The  instrument  by  which  this  first 


transfer  of  real  estate  now  included  in  the  city  of 
Minneapolis  was  made,  describes  the  lands  as  in 
the  county  of  Crawford  and  Territory  of  Wisconsin, 
and  is  dated  at  Fort  Snelling,  Iowa  Territory, 
signed  and  sealed  by  Nathaniel  Carpenter,  in  the 
presence  of  Geo.  W.  P.  Leonard.  Thomas  Brown 
conveyed  his  interest,  May  6th,  1840,  to  Peter 
Quinn,  of  St.  I'eter,  Iowa  Territory,  by  an  in- 
strument attached  to  the  former  deed,  signed  by 
his  mark  and  witnessed  by  Norinan  W.  Kittson. 
Peter  Quinn  sold  the  same.  May  1st,  1845,  to  S.  J. 
Findley  and  R.  P.  Russell.  The  last  two  transfers 
were  very  loosely  made,  without  seal  and  without 
naming  a  consideration.  Moreover,  Quinn.  who 
by  deed  had  become  entitled  to  an  undinded  half, 
after  naming  his  interest  adds  in  a  parenthesis, 
"  Half  claim  say  north  portion."'  Findley  and  Rus- 
sell deeded.  May  9th.  1846,  to  Pierre  Bottineau. 
This  deed  describes  the  property  as  a  certain  tract 
of  United  States  land  in  the  Territory  of  Wiscon- 
sin, St.  Croix  county,  on  the  Mississippi  river, 
above  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  etc.,  containing 
one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  more  or  less,  and 
names  the  consideration,  one  hundred  and  fifty 
doOars.  This  instrument  is  in  the  handwriting  of 
Joseph  R.  Brown,  and  is  witnessed  by  Mr.  Bi-own 
and  P.  Prescott.  It  is  signed  and  sealed  by  Find- 
ley and  Russell.  Notes  of  the  transfers  of  the 
property  and  private  history  of  the  family  have 
been  preserved  by  J.  B.  Bottineau,  to  whom  we 
are  indebted. 

It  appears  from  notes  of  J.  B.  Bottineau  that 
a  transfer  of  the  undivided  half  interest  remain- 
ing in  Sergeant  Carpenter,  after  his  deed  to  pri- 
vate Brown,  was  made  to  other  i)arties,  and  be- 
came the  property  of  ilr.  Bottineau  in  1S44.  In 
1842  or  '43,  Petit  John  made  a  claim  south  of  Mr. 
Steele's  claim.  After  this  date  ;Major  Plympton 
ceased  to  be  known  in  connection  witli  the  claim 
originally  made  by  liim.  In  1845  Bottineau  pur- 
chased of  Petit  John  his  claim  which  extended 
from  Mr.  Steele's  claim  south  indefinitely  on  the 
river,  but  was  recognized  as  including  the  lamls 
now  known  as  University  lands. 

Joseph  Rondo  made  a  claim  in  1843,  north  of 
the  Carpenter  claim.  The  other  boundaries  were 
quite  indefinite.  He  was  aggressive  and  trouble- 
some, and  wanted  to  encroach  on  the  Carpenter 
claim,  especially  on  Boom  Island. 

Witnesses  who  estabUshed  the  line  in  1838,were 


360 


mSTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


brought  to  prove  the  original  bounds  of  the  Car- 
penter claim  on  the  north.  A  copy  of  his  certifi- 
cate is  given: 

'•  This  is  to  certify  that  I  helped  James  Mink 
to  run  certain  lines  on  claims  belonging  to  Mr. 
Mink  (now  said  claim  belonguig  to  Mr.  F.  Steele) 
and  one 'belonging  to  Mr.  Quinn.  lying  on  the 
east  side  of  the  ^lississippi  river,  near  the  Falls 
of  Satut  Anthony.  I  do  hereby  certify  that  the 
northern  line  of  the  claim  now  belonging  to  S.  J. 
Findley  and  E.  P.  Russell  was  run  by  me,  in  the 
year  1S38,  then  belonging  to  Mr.  P.  Quinn.  The 
said  line  was  marked  to  commence  on  a  large 
elm  tree,  near  the  shore,  above  the  small  island 
in  the  Jlississippi  river  opposite  said  claiming. 
The  said  northern  line  was  marked  according  to 
law,  the  trees  all  in  a  Une,  runnmg  due  north- 
east from  the  river,  or  from  above  said  elm  tree, 
were  blazed  on  four  sides,  as  well  as  could  be 
done  then.  This  is  to  certify  that  according  to 
the  way  the  above  said  northern  line  of  said 
claim  was  ch-awn,  that  Joseph  Eondo  has  no 
claim  whatever  to  it ;  that  said  Eondo  drew 
his  line  inside  of  the  above  said  Une,  some  two 
or  three  years  after,  September  9th,  1845, 

Babtist  Spence. 

AVitness,  Peteu  Hayden." 

While  Eondo,  who  lived  at  Samt  Paul,  was 
absent  from  his  claim.  Mr.  Bottineau  with  others, 
dragged  his  little  claim  cabin  by  a  yoke  of  cattle, 
out  a  mile  or  more  north,  at  such  distance  that 
they  thought  themselves  safe  from  his  encroach- 
ments. 

In  the  fall  of  1845,  Eondo,  finding  his  claim 
too  far  north,  and  his  shanty  having  been  re- 
moved to  a  distance,  abandoned  his  claim  alto- 
gether. 

Now,  the  whole  east  side  belonged  to  two  men, 
Franklin  Steele  and  Pierre  Bottineau. 

After  this.  Bottineau  gave  part  of  his  claim  to 
Louis  Desjarlais,  his  brother-in-law.  In  the 
spring  of  1845,  ilr.  Bottineau  and  Desjarlais 
moved  on  their  claims  from  St.  Paul.  Mr.  Bot- 
tineau had  a  family,  consisting  of  a  wife  and 
three  children.  His  two  brothers,  Severre  and 
Charles,  lived  with  liim. 

In  1845,  the  old  Petit  John  house,  south  of  the 
Steele  claim,  was  occupied  by  Baptiste  Tui-pLu,  a 
voyageur  and  half-breed,  though  the  claim  was 
still  the  property  of  Pierre  Bottineau.     Pascal 


and  Sauverre  St.  Martin.  Canadian  Frenchmen, 
made  a  claim  below  the  Petit  John  claim,  which 
included  a  small  portion  of  the  southern  part  of 
the  university'  land,  extending  indefinitely. 

The  total  population  of  what  is  now  Minneap- 
olis consisted  at  this  time  of  less  than  fifty  souls, 
and  these  were  scattered  along  the  east  side  of 
the  river  guarding  their  own  claims  or  those  of 
then-  employers.  One  man,  whom  they  called 
Old  Maloney.  lived  at  the  government  mill  on  the 
other  side  of  the  river,  where  he  had  been  em- 
ployed four  or  five  years. 

St.  Anthony  Falls,  at  this  time,  boasted  only 
one  shingled  house,  that  belonging  to  Frank- 
lin Steele  and  occupied  by  Eeaehi.  The  othei-s 
were  covered  with  elm  bark  or  sod. 

Navigation  w-as  undertaken  in  1842.  in  a 
primitive  way  on  the  Upper  Mississippi,  above 
the  Falls.  The  crafts  used  were  a  style  called 
Mackinaw  boats.  These  were  keel-boats  rigged 
for  both  rowing  and  sailing,  mamied  by  eight 
voyageursand  carried  four  tons  burden,  or  eighty 
to  one  hmidied  packages.  These  packages  were 
calculated  in  weight  and  form  for  convenient 
handling.  In  case  a  portage  was  reached,  the 
voyageui'S  were  required  each  to  carry  two  of 
these  at  a  load  on  their  backs  any  distance  re- 
quired. The  first  package  was  swung  on  his  own 
back  by  means  of  the  strap  used  in  carrying,  by 
the  voyageur  himself;  the  second  package  was 
placed  on  top  of  this  by  his  companions.  The 
whole  load  was  equal  in  weight  to  a  barrel  of 
flour.  These  boats  were  operated  by  Pierre  Bot- 
tineau, in  the  employ  of  the  American  Fur  Com- 
pany, can-ying  supplies  from  St.  Anthony  Falls 
to  Sauk  Eapids  and  Little  Eock.  After  experi- 
ence it  was  found  that  the,se  boats,  on  account  of 
their  keel,  drew  too  much  water  to  pass  bars  and 
shallows  in  the  river  durmg  low  water,  and  flat- 
boats  of  larger  size  were  substituted,  manned  with 
twenty-two  men  and  propelled  by  poles.  These 
boats  were  employed  in  transporting  goods 
to  various  points  from  St.  Anthony  Falls  to  Fort 
Eipley,  for  the  American  Fm-  Company  and  for 
the  United  States  government;  both  military 
stores  and  Indi.m  goods  for  the  upper  country. 

XicoUet  Island  at  this  time  was  covered  with 
magnificent  maples,  and  three  or  four  sugar 
camps  were  opened  for  successive  years  by  the 
various  families  living  near.    The  implements 


SETTLERS  FROM  THE  EAST. 


361 


used  were  the  veiy  rudest.  Birch-bark  pans  were 
used  to  catch  the  sap  which  flowed  from  a  gash 
made  by  the  Frenclunan's  ax.  Kettles,  swung 
from  crotched  sticl?s,  boiled  down  the  precious 
liquid.  These  spring  days  were  the  sweetest  of 
the  year  to  the  uncultivated  inhabitants. 

These  early  days  remind  ns  of  the  Darwinian 
theory,  and  may  be  considered  as  an  illustration 
of  that  philosopher's  doctrine.  In  the  first  place, 
there  is  the  hodge-podge  or  chaotic  condition  of 
the  country  under  Indian  brutality,  a  mixture  of 
Ojibwas,  Sioux,  Wiiinebagoes  and  numerous 
tribes  and  combination  of  tribes,  which  we  may 
denominate  the  "Xebular  condition."'  Then 
came  in  French  voyageurs,  a  higher,  or  more  en- 
lightened race,  with  beads  and  gew-gaws  to  en- 
tice the  Indian  maidens,  illustrating  the  theory 
of  "  Xatural  Selection.''  "The  struggle  for  ex- 
istence," and  the  "  Survival  of  the  fittest,"  each 
find  a  most  vigorous  illustration.  Tlie  lineaments 
and  habits  of  the  vi'hites  appear  in  these  men  as 
imitations  or  caricatures  of  the  race.  The  ine- 
vitable "  Struggle  for  existence "  began  in  earn- 
est when  actual  settlers  moved  in  and  took  claims, 
for  we  can  hardly  regard  Mr.  Steele  as  a  settler 
in  St.  Anthony  at  this  time,  since  he  never  lived 
on  his  claim,  but  only  attempted  to  hold  it  by  a 
color  of  title,  employing  a  tenant  to  live  in  the 
cabin.  Peter  Quinn  obtained  a  claim  here,  but  it 
was  subsequenty  absorbed  by  Franklin  Steele  as 
well  as  one  taken  by  his  son-in-law  Findley.  Mr. 
Steele  now  owned  the  most  valuable  portion  of 
St.  Anthony,  including  the  Falls,  and,  from  his 
social  and  financial  position  as  well  by  his  natural 
abilities,  became  not  only  the  most  inter- 
ested, but  the  most  powerful  friend  of  the  new 
settlement.  His  claim  at  St.  Anthony  Falls  was 
a  little  in  advance  of  the  wheels  of  progress,  but 
he  kept  his  foot  firmly  on  it  until  the  rest  of  the 
world  came  up  with  him.  lie  lived  near  the  Fort 
where  he  held  out  a  hospitable  hand  to  all  new- 
comers, and  encouraged  the  settlement.  Mr. 
Steele  opened  a  farm  of  seven  acres  and  em- 
ployed a  man  to  fence  and  cultivate  it  until  he 
entered  it  and  perfected  his  title  in  1848,  by  pay- 
ing the  usual  price,  one  dollar  and  twenty-five 
cents  per  acre. 

The  changes  to  1847,  were,  in  addition  to  the 
facts  already  given,  exclianges  among  the  owners 
of  claims,  of  little  more  import  to  our  history  than 


the  swapping  of  jack-knives  among  a  party  of 
school  boys,  for  settlers  came  in  1847  who  added 
tone  to  business,  and  soon  obliterated  all  traces 
of  these  petty  trades. 

In  an  address  of  Judge  Atwater's  we  find  that 
Charles  Wilson  was  the  first  American  settler  at 
St.  Anthony.  He  arrived  in  the  spring  of  1847. 
In  June  of  this  year,  William  A.  Cheever  ob- 
tained a  claim  near  the  present  site  of  the  Uni- 
versity. Through  him  a  negotiation  was  opened 
with  parties  from  the  East  for  a  purchase  of  the 
water-power,  which  culminated  July  10th,  in  the 
sale  by  Mr.  Steele  of  nine-tenths  of  the  water- 
power  of  St.  Anthony  Falls  to  lion.  Robert  Ran- 
toul,  Caleb  Gushing  and  others  for  twelve 
thousand  dollars,  and  measures  were  at  once 
taken  for  the  erection  of  mills.  Mr.  Ard  Godfrey 
was  secured  from  Maine  to  superintend  the  con- 
struction of  a  mill,  and  arrived  in  the  fall  of 
1847.  Mr.  Jacob  Fisher,  of  St.  Croix,  directed 
the  first  work  in  the  construction  of  the  dam 
previous  to  the  arrival  of  Ard  Godfrey. 
During  this  year  John  Rollins,  Calvin  A. 
Tuttle,  Luther  Pateli  and  his  son  Edward, 
Sumner  W.  Farnliam,  Caleb  D.  Dorr,  Robert  W. 
Cummings,  Charles  W.  Stimpson,  R.  P.  Russell, 
John  McDonald,  Samuel  Ferrald.  Joseph  and 
William  R.  Marshall,  Daniel  Stanchfield  and 
others  arrived.  Luther  Patch  brought  his  wife 
and  two  daughters,  who  were  the  first  resident 
white  women  at  St.  Anthony.  Calvin  Tuttle 
also  brought  his  family.  R.  P.  Russell  brought 
a  stock  of  goods  from  the  Fort,  where  he  had 
been  since  1839,  and,  in  connection  with  Mr. 
Tuttle,  opened  a  small  store,  the  first  in  St.  x\n- 
thony,  in  a  room  of  the  log  house  on  Mr.  Steele's 
claim,  occupied  at  the  same  time  as  a  residence 
by  Luther  Patch  and  family.  ITnder  these  favor- 
able circumstances  for  acquaintance,  it  is  not 
surprising  that  this  history  records  the  marriage 
of  Mr.  Russell  and  Miss  Patch  October  3d,  1848, 
the  first  wedding  in  St.  Antlumy. 

In  the  spring  of  1849,  William  R.  Marshall, 
afterward  Governor  of  the  state,  established  a 
small  store  in  company  with  his  brother  Jo- 
seph M.,  in  a  building  on  Main  street, 
next  above  the  former  residence  of  John 
Rollins.  Disregarding  the  small  stock  of 
goods  kept  as  stated  in  a  private  house 
by  Mr.  Russell,  this  is  called  by  Gov.  Marshall 


362 


HISTOET  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


the  first  store  in  St.  Anthony.  In  the  fall  of  the 
same  year  Mr.  R.  P.  Kussell  and  his  partner,  Mr. 
Cruttenden.  opened  a  store  on  Main  street  above 
the  end  of  the  present  bridge;  counting  Marshall's 
firet,  this  was  the  second  store.  John  G.  Lennon 
opened  the  next  in  connection  witli  the  American 
Fur  Company,  P.  Choteau  &  Co.,  whose  main 
office  was  in  New  Yoj-k,  with  a  branch  at  St. 
Louis,  also  located  on  Main  street.  In  1851, 
John  H.  Stevens  opened  a  store  in  connection 
with  Mr.  Steele,  under  the  name  of  John  H. 
Stevens  and  Company. 

In  the  fall  of  1849  the  first  steps  in  lumbering  were 
taken  and  a  gang  of  men  sent  up  the  Mississippi 
river  to  Swan  river,  by  Mr.  Steele,  to  secure  timber 
for  the  proposed  mill.  They  paid  tlie  Sioux  chief, 
Hole-in-the-Day,  two  huntlred  dollars  for  fifty 
sticks  of  heweil  timber.  This  timber  was  caught 
at  Pike  Rapids,  nine  miles  above  Sauk  Rapids, 
and  frozen  in.  but  was  mostly  secured  as  it  came 
down  in  the  spring.  A  gang  sent  up  Rum  River 
to  obtain  timber  for  the  dam  were  even  more  un- 
fortunate, for  their  logs  were  frozen  in  at  the 
mouth  of  Rum  River,  and  wholly  lost  in  the  spring 
freshet,  involving  a  loss  of  S3 .000.  The  work 
must,  however,  go  on  during  the  winter,  and 
the  beautiful  maple  and  elm  groves  on  Nicollet 
and  Hennepin  Islands  were  ruthlessly  sacrificed 
to  furnish  the  lumber  reipiisite.  A  block-house 
was  built  that  fall,  near  the  end  of  the  present 
stone-arch  bridge  leadmg  to  Nicollet  Island,  which 
was  called  the  '•  Old  Mess-house,'"  for  the  men 
employed  on  the  dam  during  the  winter,  and  Da- 
\id  Gorham  acted  in  the  capacity  of  cook.  Ard 
Godfrey,  who  also  brought  his  family,  lived  in  a 
comfortable  house  near  the  mill,  situated  on  what 
is  now  ^lain  Street,  just  below  the  falls.  His 
daughter  llattie  was  the  first  white  child  born  at 
St.  Anthony. 

The  winter  of  1847-8  was  ft-aught  with  misfor- 
tunes to  the  settlers.  The  boat  in  wiiich  their 
supplies  from  the  East  were  conveyed  was  sunk 
in  the  Erie  Canal.  The  hardware,  of  which  they 
were  greatly  in  need,  was  wholly  lost.  This 
caused  great  scarcity  of  tools  with  which  to  carry 
forward  their  building.  The  winter  was  severe, 
and  provisions  were  scarce  and  high.  ^Vomen 
were  too  few  to  do  the  cooking,  and  men  were 
forced  to  act  as  cooks  and  housekeepers.  The  old 
government  saw-mill  was  a  poor  affair-  and  worked 


slowly  ;  its  utmost  capacity  was  but  three  or  four 
hundred  feet  per  day,  and  the  settlers  were  forced 
to  bring  lumber  fi-om  the  St.  Croix.  Worst  of  all, 
Rantoul  and  Cushing  failed  to  meet  their  pay- 
ments.and  when  their  paper  came  back  protested, 
it  was  a  source  of  great  embarrassment  to  Mr. 
Steele,  and,  as  all  depended  on  him,  to  the  whole 
settlement,  its  effects  continued  to  be  felt  for  some 
time.  In  spite  of  all  difficulties,  Mr.  Steele's  mill 
began  to  run  in  the  spring  of  1848,  and  many  of 
the  inconveniences  disappeared.  Many  new  set- 
tlers came  in.  and  new  houses  were  rapidly  built. 
The  first  built  from  the  new  lumber  were  one  for 
Mrs.  Huse,  and  part  of  that  occupied  by  Richard 
Rogers,  built  by  Washington  GetcheU  ;  also  one 
built  by  liim  for  his  own  residence. 


CHAPTER  LVII. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  SCENERY  IX  1847 — GOVERN- 
MENT LAND  SALES SURVEYS ORGANIZA- 
TION OF  TERRITORY — LITERARY  AND  SOCIAL 
INSTITUTIONS — EVENTS  OF  1849-50. 

The  early  explorers,  visitors  and  pioneer  settlers 
have  vied  with  each  other  in  extolling  the  beau- 
ties of  this  region  in  its  original  glory.  We  have 
Father  Hennepin's  and  Jonathan  Carver's  de- 
scriptions at  an  early  day,  and  in  later  times 
novelists  and  poets  have  immortalized  its  scenery. 
It  will  be  appropriate  to  this  history  to  give 
brietiy  the  impressions  produced  upon  the  pioneer 
settlers  who  arrived  in  the  fall  of  1847.  just  at 
the  time  the  work  on  the  dam  commenced,  and 
before  the  beauties  as  God  made  them  had  been 
marred  by  the  hand  of  man,  and  at  the  same 
time  give  a  picture  of  the  settlement  at  this  date 
which  properly  belongs  to  this  chapter. 

"N'isitors  arriving  on  foot,  the  usual  mode  of 
travel  in  those,  days,  obtained  their  first  view  of 
the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony  from  the  high  ground 
where  the  University  now  stands.  At  this  point 
they  would  halt  spell  bound,  and  reclining  on  the 
green  grass  take  in  the  magnificent  \ie\\.    The 


SCENEBY  IN  1847. 


363 


fall  was  the  central  figure,  where  the  mighty 
Father  of  Waters  leaps  over  the  limestone  rocks 
twenty-five  or  thirty  feet  to  the  foot  of  the  preci- 
pice, extending  in  nearly  a  straight  line  from 
Hennepin  Island  to  the  east  bank,  forming  a 
gentle  curve  from  the  island  to  the  west  bank. 
The  roaring  of  the  fall  seemed  to  threaten  the 
solid  land,  but  the  rainbow  of  promise  beckoned 
on  the  traveler,  inviting  his  approach  and  holding 
out  rich  rewards.  Just  below^  the  falls,  but  in  the 
midst  of  their  spray,  was  a  little  green  island 
called  "  Spirit  Island."  An  old  Indian  legend 
makes  it  the  abode  of  an  Indian  mother  who 
threw  herself  with  her  child  into  the  river  and 
went  down  into  the  seething  water  in  anguisli  of 
heart  because  her  lord  and  master  brought  a  new 
wife  into  the  wigwam.  The  banks  and  the 
islands  were  covered  with  beautiful  evergreens. 
At  the  right,  the  banks  slope  gently  from  the 
high  land  above  to  the  bank  of  the  stream,  while 
still  farther  to  the  right,  above  the  rising  ground, 
was  a  level  expanse  varied  by  clusters  of  oaks  of 
low  growth  which  gave  the  appearance  of  an  old 
orchard.  Still  further  as  a  back-ground,  extend- 
ing as  far  as  the  eye  could  reach,  a  line  of  low 
bluffs.  On  the  left  was  spread  out  a  beautiful 
rolling  prairie  covered  with  a  wild  luxuriance  of 
grass  and  flowers,  while  on  the  bank  near  the 
falls  appeared  a  low  pile  of  limestone,  which 
proved  on  approach  to  be  the  old  government  mill 
that  grinds  a  little  corn  and  saws  a  little  lumber 
in  a  rude  and  primitive  manner.  At  this  time 
the  falls  were  nearly  perpendicular,  and  that  of  the 
main  channel  numy  hundred  feet  lower  down 
than  the  present  fall.  Spirit  Island,  now  almost 
washed  away,  was  then  of  considerable  size  and 
covered  with  wood,  and  only  a  little  way  below 
the  main  fall.  Cataract,  Hennepin  and  Nicollet 
Islands  were  densely  wooded.  Opposite  the  falls, 
but  a  little  removed  from  the  bank  on  the  east 
side,  stood  the  log  cabin  of  Mr.  Steele,  with  a 
few'  acres  of  corn  growing  near  it,  at  what  is  now 
the  corner  of  Second  Avenue  South  and  Main 
Street,  East  Division. 

The  block  house  then  building,  Pierrie  Botti- 
neau's house  on  the  bank  of  the  river  above  the 
head  of  Nicollet  Island,  Calvin  A.  Tuttle's  claim 
shanty  near  the  ravine  north  of  the  University, 
and  two  or  three  French  squatter's  cabins  were 
all  that  marked  tiie  presence  of  man.     Mr.  Luther 


Patch,  with  two  interesting  daughters,  ilarion 
and  Cora,  were  living  in  the  old  log  house  of  ilr. 
Steele.  The  former  soon  became  JMrs.  R.  P. 
Russell,  and  the  latter  Mrs.  Joseph  M.  Marshall. 
At  this  date  Saint  Paul,  which  soon  after  assumed 
the  position  of  the  commercial  centre  for  the 
North-west,  was  little  in  advance  of  this  poor 
showing  for  Saint  Anthony,  and  shrewd  men 
whose  wit  often  comes  afterward,  now  assert 
that,  as  the  Mississippi  is  easily  navigable  to  a 
point  three  miles  below  the  Falls  of  Saint  An- 
thony, if  the  claim  held  in  1847  by  Denoyer,  three 
miles  down  the  river,  had  became  the  pro]ierty 
of  such  men  as  built  up  Saint  Paul  and  Minne- 
apolis, the  commercial  center  might  have  been 
made  there,  and  thus  brought  in  close  proximity 
to  what  God  ordained  should  be  the  manufactur- 
ing centre.  Had  this  happened,  doubtless  this 
dual  city  would  long  since  have  become  by  the 
imion  of  three,  a  city  of  more  than  one  hundred 
thousand  inhabitants,  with  vastly  greater  wealth 
than  the  present  aggregate  of  all. 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  up  to  this  time 
these  lands  still  belonged  to  tlie  I'nited  States 
government.  No  siu-vey  had  been  made  and  no 
title  to  the  land  had  been  or  could  be  conveyed 
imtil  such  survey  was  made  and  recorded.  Set- 
tlements, therefore,  previous  to  this  were  simply 
squatters'  claims,  and  transfers  of  claims  hereto- 
fore, had  been  in  anticipation  of  the  survey  and 
government  land  sale.  The  sale  took  place  in 
1848  and  the  lands  were  entered  by  the  several 
claimants  at  the  government  price,  one  dollar 
and  a  quarter  per  acre.  The  rights  of  each  were 
strictly  regarded  although  it  was  now  certain 
that  the  claims  were  quite  valuable.  It  woidd 
further  appear  that  some  of  the  claims  adjoining, 
or  near  Mr.  Steele's  were  held  by  the  claimants 
inider  a  contract  with  ^Ir.  Steele,  or  were  bought 
by  him  immediately  after  the  survey  and  entry, 
for,  he  is  represented  as  having  obtained  at  the 
government  price,  a  tract  extending  from  where 
the  bridge  now  is  "to  the  northern  limits  of  the 
village,  and  another  at  the  upper  end  of  the  town 
and  the  island  called  Boom  Island."  From  the 
fact  that  titles  and  transfers  about  this  time 
appear  a  little  mixed,  it  is  inferred  that  measures 
w-ere  taken  by  Mr.  Steele  to  cover  such  lands  as 
he  thought  most  valuable,  by  employing  others 
to  hold  them  until  mider  the  color  of  purchase 


364 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIX  COUNTY. 


the  claims  were,  according  to  previous  contract, 
transfeiTed  to  him. 

In  the  spring  of  184S,  as  stated  above,  Mr. 
Steele's  mill  was  complete  and  nmning  two  single 
sash  saws.  Dining  this  year  Mr.  Cheever  platted 
and  laid  out  a  town  where  he  first  located,  near 
the  present  site  of  the  I'niversity.  This  seems 
to  have  been  a  year  of  preparation  for  the  incom- 
ers of  1849,  who  came  in  considerable  numbers; 
but  the  character  of  the  men  was  of  gi-eater  sig- 
nificance tliau  their  numbers;  such  men  as  Col. 
John  H.  Stevens,  Judge  Bradley  B.  Meeker,  Dr. 
John  II.  Murphy,  the  Getchells.  Farnhams.  etc., 
etc. 

In  tlie  spring  of  this  year  "Wm.  K.  Mar- 
shall, afterward  Governor  of  the  state,  came  to 
reside  at  St.  Anthony.  He  had  %isited  here  in 
the  fall  of  1847.  at  which  time  he  made  a  claim 
in  the  rear  of  what  is  ninv  the  upper  town,  and 
cut  logs  for  a  cabin,  but  could  find  no  team  to 
draw  them  together,  and  al)andoned  the  claim  for 
more  promising  employment  on  the  St.  Croix 
Kiver.  On  his  return,  in  the  spring  of  1849,  he 
secured  his  old  claim  and  erected  his  house. 
This  subsequently  formed  Marshall's  addition  to 
St.  Anthony. 

Mr.  Steele,  in  further  preparation  for  new- 
comers, employed  Wm.  E.  Marshall  to  survey 
into  blocks  and  lots  the  town  site  of  St.  Anthony. 
Mr.  S.  P.  Folsom  had  begun  a  survey  previously, 
but  it  was  not  completed  and  was  superseded  by 
the  new  survey.  Gov.  Marshall  states  that  he 
tried  to  secure  generous-sized  lots  and  wide 
streets.  The  lots  were  made  sixty-six  feet  front 
by  one  hundred  and  sixty-five  feet  in  depth,  and 
the  streets  all  eighty  feet  wide  except  Main  street, 
whicli  was  made  one  hundred  feet.  Mr.  Botti- 
neau, who  had  never  seen  a  city,  and  had  a  very 
imperfect  conception  of  one,  or  the  use  of  all 
this  measurement,  for,  since  he  had  never  learned 
to  read,  he  had  never  read  of  a  city,  after  listening 
to  the  conversation  of  the  land  speculators,  di- 
rected Mr.  :Marshall  to  take  his  land  and  fix  it 
like  the  othere,  or  do  as  he  pleased  with  it. 

From  this  year,  dates  the  real  growth  of  St. 
Anthony.  In  addition  to  those  mentioned  above, 
we  find  Hon.  J.  W.  Xortli.  John  G.  Lennon.  J.  P. 
Wilson,  and  twenty  more  of  names  that  have  be- 
come of  great  interest  in  connection  with  the  de- 
velopment of  the  city.    This  year  was  a  time  of 


general  stir  and  prosperity.  Mr.  Steele  started 
two  more  saws.  Anson  Northrup  began  the  St. 
Charles  hotel.  About  this  time  Mr.  Steele 
sold  to  Arnold  W.  Taylor,  of  Boston,  an  undi- 
vided half  interest  in  his  property  at  the  Falls, 
for  §20,000.  This  proved  subsequently  a  damage 
to  the  settlement,  for  Mr.  Taylor,  an  eccentric 
old  man,  could  not  agree  with  any  one,  and  two 
years  after,  Mr.  Steele  thought  himself  fortunate 
in  buying  back  the  property  for  825,000,  Litiga- 
tions growing  out  of  this  transaction  were  pro- 
ductive of  e^dl,  and  retarded  the  growth  of  the 
city.  The  population  did  not  exceed  three  hun- 
dred. Xear  the  river  were  most  of  the  newly 
built  houses,  unpainted,  but  ft-esh  and  bright 
from  the  recently  sawn  lumber,  while  back  from 
the  river  were  log  houses  already  stained  by  the 
hand  of  time.  During  the  year  the  territory 
was  organized  in  June,  m  accordance  with 
an  act  of  congress  passed  March  3d,  1849, 
The  area  emliraced  in  the  territory  was 
nearly  double  that  of  the  present  state. 
Pursuant  to  a  proclamation  of  the  governor, 
courts  were  organized  for  the  territory  of  Min- 
nesota in  August.  The  President  appointed 
Aaron  Goodrich,  Daniel  Cooper,  and  Bradley  B. 
Meeker,  judges  in  the  several  districts.  Judge 
Meeker  removed  at  this  time  from  Kentucky  to 
St.  Anthony,  and  held  his  first  court  in  the  old 
government  mill,  August  20th,  1849.  with  Frank- 
lin Steele,  foreman  of  the  grand  jury.  John  Koll- 
ins  was  elected  to  the  Territorial  Council,  and 
William  R.  Marshall,  to  the  House  of  Represen- 
tatives from  St.  Anthony,  and  William  Dugas 
from  Little  Canada,  which  was  united  with  St. 
Anthony,  in  the  same  representative  district.  At 
the  meeting  of  the  Legislature,  at  St.  Paul, 
which  had  been  made  temporary  capital  by  the  act 
organizing  the  territory,  a  bill  was  introduced  to 
make  it  the  permanent  capital.  This  biO  was 
opposed  by  Mr.  ^Marshall  and  othere.  and  a  vig- 
orous, though  ineifectual  attempt  was  made  to 
locate  it  at  St.  Anthony.  The  struggle  was  aided 
by  a  fore-runner  of  "Xast"  who  caricatured  it 
by  a  pictiu-e  of  a  building,  representing  a  Capitol 
on  wheels  with  ropes  attached  by  means  of  which 
Mr.  :SIarshall  was  tugging  away,  endeavoring  to 
di-ag  the  building  off,  while  Bronson,  Jackson  and 
others  of  St.  Paul  were  pulling  back  and  blocking 
the  wheels,  with  humorous  and  laconic  speeches  is- 


POSI-OFFICE  AND  SCHOOL-HOUSE. 


365 


suing  from  their  mouths.  The  struggle,  however, 
led  ultimately  to  the  establishment  of  the  Uni- 
versity at  St.  Anthony  as  a  partial  equivalent. 
During  this  year,  the  first  post-office  was  estab- 
lished in  a  small  office  building  belonging  to  Mr. 
Steele,  with  Ard  Godfrey  as  postmaster.  Cap- 
tain John  Rollins  ran  a  passenger  wagon  occa- 
sionally to  St.  Paul,  but  Mr.  Godfrey  had  no  reg- 
ular mail-carrier  until  the  next  year,  1850,  when 
Powers  and  Willoughliy  established  a  line  of 
daily  stages  between  St.  Paul  and  St.  Anthony. 
In  1849,  Mr.  Godfrey  obtained  the  mail  at  m-eg- 
ular  intervals  as  he  could  from  St.  Paul. 

It  had  previously  been  a  matter  of  serious  mo- 
ment, and  attended,  too,  with  much  apprehension 
to  perceive  the  approach  of  a  long  cold  winter,  in 
a  country  where  few  of  the  necessaries  of  life 
were  produced,  where  the  settlers  were  depen- 
dent on  supplies  brought  from  a  distance  by 
means  of  very  uncertain  and  iriegular  communi- 
cation, where  few  were  able  to  secure  large  stores 
in  advance,  and  were  lialile  to  be  cut  off  for 
weeks  together  from  communicating  witli  the 
outside  world.  In  the  winter  of  1849,  social  en- 
joyments began,  as  the  direct  result  of  increased 
population,  and  the  arrival  of  educated  and  agreea- 
ble people  as  well  as  better  houses  and  more  of 
the  luxuries  of  life.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  North  lived  in 
a  house  near  the  center  of  Nicollet  Island.  Their 
approach  was  by  a  floating  bridge,  formed  by  the 
accumulation  of  logs  for  the  mills,  except  when 
the  ice  of  winter,  bridged  the  entire  river.  Mrs. 
North  had  a  piano,  the  tjrst  at  the  falls,  and 
weekly  meetings  were  held  at  the  house  for  read- 
ing, conversation  and  music.  Mr.  jNIarshall  pro- 
cured tlie  passage  of  a  bill  incorporating  a  liltrary 
association,  and  nearly  two  hundred  volumes  were 
obtained,  and  thus  the  first  public  library  in  Min- 
nesota, was  founded.  A  course  of  public  lectures 
was  instituted  during  the  winter;  the  lecturers 
w^ere  Hon.  M.  S.  Wilkinson,  Gen.  R.  W.  John- 
ston, then  Lieutenant  at  Fort  Snelling,  Rev. 
Father  Gear,  Rev.  E.  D.  Neill,  Elder  Chauncey 
Hobart,  Putnam  P.  Bishop  and  others.  In  the 
summer  of  1849,  the  first  public  school  was  op- 
ened, in  a  small  log  shanty  by  Miss  Electa  Rachus. 
In  the  fall  a  small  school-house  was  built,  the 
first  within  the  present  limits  of  Hennepin  county. 
During  the  winter  following,  Rev.  E.  D.  Neill,  of 
St.  Paul,  preached  every  other  Sunday  afternoon, 


in  this  school-house.  He  stated  that  his  congre- 
gation was  larger  at  St.  Anthony  than  at  St. 
Paul,  where  he  also  preached  in  the  morning. 

Rev.  E.  D.  Neill  delivered  the  first  lecture  in  the 
course,  in  the  winter  of  1849.  The  lectures  were 
given  in  the  school-house.  Referring  to  this 
course  of  lectures  in  an  address  before  the  Old 
Settlers  Association,  Mr.  Neill  said  : 

"  Allusion  has  been  made  to  the  first  course  of 
lectures  given  at  the  Falls,  the  introductory  to 
which  was  delivered  under  difficulties.  It  was 
announced  that  the  course  would  open  on  the 
night  of  December  26th,  1849.  The  lecturer  had 
dined  at  the  residence  of  one  of  the  best  educated 
and  most  energetic  men  of  the  Upper  Mississippi 
Valley,  the  late  Charles  W.  Borup,  then  residing 
at  Mendota.  After  a  late  dinner.  Doctor  Borup, 
with  his  sleigh  and  a  pair  of  spirited  horses, 
started  with  the  lecturer  for  the  Falls. 

"  It  took  but  a  few  minutes  to  reach  the  Fort, 
but  after  its  walls  were  passed  it  was  dark,  and 
fresh  snow  had  obscured  the  path,  which  was  sel- 
dom traveled.  Soon  the  horses  carried  the  sleigh 
into  the  cellar  of  a  house  that  had  been  destroyed, 
but  they  quickly  clambered  out.  At  last  the  old 
government  mill  was  reached,  and  the  horses  cau- 
tiously descended  the  bluff,  to  the  frozen  river. 
The  cakes  of  ice  were  jammed  perpendicularly, 
and  there  were  long  hollows  between,  and  as 
the  sleigh  would  pass  over,  the  ice-hillocks  would 
break  down  with  a  loud  crash,  and  more  than 
once  the  thought  arose  upon  the  part  of  the  occu- 
pants, whether  the  sleigh  would  halt  before  it 
touched  bottom.  Af  t«r  slow  and  cautious  driving, 
the  east  side  of  Hennepin  Island  was  reached, 
only  to  find  a  large  air-hole.  Escaping  tliis  by  a 
long  detour,  firm  land  was  touched  once  more, 
and  as  the  sleigh  approached  the  school-bouse 
John  Rollins  met  it,  and  in  a  very  kind  voice,  but 
at  the  time  it  seemed  a  cool  way,  told  the  lecturer 
he  was  about  ten  minutes  too  late,  and  that  the 
audience  had  gone  home.  Sadder,  if  not  wiser 
and  "warmer"  men,  the  horses  were  turned 
around,  and  driver  and  lecturer  reached  Mendota 
at  bed  time.  The  people  of  the  Falls  were  still 
determined  to  have  the  lecture,  and  soon  after, 
AVm.  R.  Jlarshall,  the  late  governor  of  the  State, 
who  had  organized  the  Library  Association,  came 
in  a  sleigh  after  the  lecturer.  In  the  midst  of  a 
heavy  snow-storm  they  drove  to  St.  Antliony  from 


366 


HISTORY  OF  HEXKI:PIN^  COUNTY. 


St.  Paul,  and  the  lecture  was  delivered,  and  an 
abstract  of  it  published  as  an  appendix  to  the  first 
ad(h-ess  before  the  Minnesota  Historical  Society." 

This  year,  1849,  was  a  prosperous  one  in  all  de- 
partments: preparations  were  made  for  the  build- 
ins  of  churches.  The  Baptist  Church  was  or- 
ganized in  July,  1850.  through  the  instrumental- 
ity of  J.  P.  Parsons  and  W.  P.  Brown,  and  in 
August,  the  iletliodist  by  Pev.  J.  G.  Putnam  and 
Mr.  Xewcomb.  The  Congregational  Church,  in 
which  the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  organized 
in  September,  1850,  was  merged,  was  organized 
Xovember.  1851.  with  Rev.  C.  Secconibe  in  charge. 
In  1852,  the  Episcopal  Church  was  organized  by 
Rev.  Dr.  E.  G.  Gear  and  T.  "Wilcoxson,  and  the 
Universalist,  by  Rev.  S.  Barnes. 

In  1850  some  events  of  interest  occurred. 
During  this  year  several  successful  attempts 
were  made  to  navigate  the  ilississippi  to  St.  An- 
thony, already  mentioned  under  Hennepin 
county.  Tlie  failure  to  establish  regular  com- 
munication induced  some  to  transfer  their  resi- 
dence to  St.  Paul.  A  purse  of  two  hundred  dol- 
lars was  made  up  for  the  ''Anthony  Wayne," 
because  she  established  St.  Anthony  as  the  head 
of  navigation.  The  only  difficulty  was  that  it 
would  not  stay  established. 

In  IsoO  occurred  the  exciting  election  for  Dele- 
gate to  Congress,  in  which  Mr.,  now  Gov.,  Sil)ley 
and  Col.  Alexander  JSI.  Mitchell  were  opposing 
candidates.  ^Messrs.  Sibley  and  Rice  had  been 
partners  in  tlie  Indian  trading  interests  in  con- 
nection with  the  great  house  of  Pierre  Choteau, 
Jr.,  &  Co.  A  quarrel  arose  in  the  fall  of  1849,  in 
consequence  of  which  :Mr.  Rice  left  the  firm. 
General  Sibley  was  at  this  time  delegate  to  con- 
gress, and  had  done  good  service  in  securing  the 
passage  of  the  ten-itorial  bill,  but  every  effort  was 
made  by  Gov.  Rice  and  his  supporters  to  defeat 
him  by  putting  forward  and  supporting  Col. 
Mitchell.  The  fears  and  jealousies  of  the  people 
were  arouse<i  concerning  the  monopoly  exercised 
by  the  Fur  company,  and  under  the  cry  of  "Anti- 
monopoly,"  local  issues  were  made  at  St.  An- 
thony that  arrayed  many  unwillingly  against 
General  Sibley.  The  distinguished  novelist, 
Frederica  Bremer,  visited  here  in  1850.  In  her 
book,  '-Homes  in  the  Xew  World,"  she  makes 
happy  allusions  to  this  visit.    Mr.  Xorth  and 


others  had  difficulty  in  getting  her  across  the 
floating  bridge  to  Xicollet  Island. 

The  first  recorded  survey  of  the  town  of  St. 
Anthony  bears  record  February  23d.  1850.  and 
the  plat  is  entitled  "St.  Anthony  and  Steele  and 
Russell  Addition  to  St.  Anthony,"  by  William 
R.  Marshall.  The  bounds  of  this  plat  are  Fifth 
street  on  the  north-east,  and  the  river  on  the 
south.  The  old  names  of  the  streets  were  Mar- 
shall, Rollins.  Dacotah  (so  spelled  on  the  plat), 
Todd.  Dana.  Wood.  etc. 

The  original  town  was  laid  out  on  the  south- 
west quarter  of  section  14,  township  20.  range 
24,  west  of  the  4th  principal  meridian.  Marshalfs 
Addition,  surveyed  by  AV.  R.  Marshall  June 
18th, 18-50,  was  located  on  the  north-west  quarter  of 
section  14.  Orth"s  Addition  was  surveyed  May  1st 
1855,  by  L.  P.  Drake,  situated  on  fractional  lot 
number  2  in  section  15.  Bottineau's  first  addi- 
tion bears  no  date;  his  second  is  dated  May  21st, 
1855. 

In  June,  1850,  the  St.  Charles  Hotel  was  com- 
pleted, which  was  begun  by  Anson  Xorthrup 
the  previous  season.  It  stood  on  Marshall  Street, 
corner  of  Sixth  Avenue  Xorth.  It  was  a  two- 
story  building,  and  had  twenty-five  sleeping- 
rooms,  a  large  dining-hall.  two  large  parlors  and 
a  dancing-hall:  the  accommodations  were  suffi- 
cient for  seventy-five  guests.  This  building  was 
afterward  burned. 

Among  the  arrivals  of  this  year  were  Allen 
Harmon.  Edwin  Hedderly,  Judge  Isaac  Atwater, 
C.  W.  Christmas,  Joseph  Dean.  Peter  Poncin, 
Thomas  Chambers,  Edward  Murphy,  George  W. 
Chowen,  Simon  Stevens,  Henry  Chambers,  W. 
W.  Wales,  John  Wensinger,  Warren  Bristol,  J. 
B.  Bassett,  William  Finch  and  others. 

^Ir.  Christmas  was  a  surveyor  and  soon  em- 
ployed. He  replaced  the  stakes  that  had  been 
removed  on  Mr.  Cheever's  claim  at  Cheevertown. 
or  St.  Anthony  City,  as  called  by  Mr.  Cheever. 
Here  a  hotel  was  kept,  ansl  a  remarkable  feature 
was  a  tower  ninety  feet  high  Iniilt  for  observa- 
tion, bearing  the  euphonious  notice.  '-Pay  your 
dime  and  climb."  Mr.  Cheever  also  put  in  a  hy- 
draulic ram  that  furnished  water  to  the  stages 
which  passed  his  door.  Another  place  of  public 
resort,  especially  for  Sunday  driving,  was  kept  by 
Stephen  Deuoyer  about  three  miles  down  the 


MILLS— FIRST  NEWSPAPEB. 


367 


river.  Col.  Allen,  who  now  keeps  the  ilerchants 
Hotel  at  St.  Paul,  kept  a  livery  stable  to  provide 
teams  for  business  or  pleasure  driving.  The  dam 
built  in  1S47  was  a  low  log  frame,  and  the  experi- 
ence of  two  spring  freshets  had  proved  it  inade- 
quate. Hence  it  was  determined  to  raise  the 
dam,  extending  from  Nicollet  Island  to  the  east 
bank,  two  feet.  During  the  summer  previous,  a 
temporary  dam  had  been  thrown  across  from  the 
island  to  the  west  bank,  the  main  object  of 
which  was  to  throw  the  current  to  the  east  chan- 
nel. The  contract  for  furnishing  the  timber  for 
the  new  dam  was  made  between  Ard  Godfrey  and 
Pierre  Bottineau  on  January  21st.  1851.  The  arti- 
cles of  agreement  provided  part  payment  in  oats 
at  60  cents,  corn  at  70  cents,  sugar  at  9J 
cents  and  butter  at  25  cents;  four  dollars 
per  thousand,  board  measure  l)y  the  St.  Croix 
scale,  was  the  price  specified  for  the  timber,  which 
was  to  be  delivered  by  the  first  of  June.  These 
improvements  were  made  in  contemplation  of 
running  sixteen  saws,  eight  of  which  were  then 
in  operation,  producing  a  total  of  50.000  feet  per 
day.  H.  T.  Welles  afterward  operated  seven  of 
the  eight,  and  had  SSO.OOO  invested  in  tlie  lum- 
bering trade  here.  Lath  and  shingles  were  also 
manufactured,  giving  employment  to  more  than 
one  hundred  men.  Farnham  &  Stimson  operated 
one  saw.  with  about  S6,000  invested  in  the  busi- 
ness. The  average  price  of  lumber  was  S10.50 
per  thousand.  In  May  of  this  year  a  division  of 
the  Sons  of  Temperance.  Cataract  Lodge  No.  2, 
was  organized.  In  the  winter  of  ]850-ol  the 
University  was  located  here,  and  the  citizens  of 
St.  Anthony  raised  S3 .000  by  subscription  to- 
ward the  building.  The  St.  Anthony  Express, 
the  first  newspaper,  came  into  life  May  31st,  1851, 
under  the  proprietor,  E.  Tyler,  a  merchant  tailor. 
Judge  Isaac  Atwater  editor,  and  II.  Woodbury 
printer.  The  first  issue  gives  notice  of  the  es- 
tablishment of  a  new  line  of  daily  stages  be- 
tween St.  Anthony  and  St.  Paul  by  Patterson 
and  Benson.  The  rival  stage  routes  cut  down 
the  rates  of  travel  to  their  own  damage  and  the 
advantage  of  the  traveling  public.  Among  the 
items  of  .lanuary  3d.  1852,  is  the  notice  of  the  ar- 
rival of  N.  "W.  Kittson,  J.  Roulette  and  Mr. 
Grignon  from  Pembina  in  sixteen  days  by  dog 
train,  a  journey  of  six  hundred  miles.  The 
question  is  asked,  "How  long  will  it  be  before  we 


have  daily  communication  with  Pembina  by  rail- 
road?" and  adds,  "We  will  venture  to  say  within 
the  next  dozen  years,"  a  prediction  that  came 
nearer  fulfillment  than  the  readers  of  the  Ex- 
press then  anticipated.  The  temperance  element 
of  the  place  seems  to  have  been  ui  the  ascend- 
ancy at  that  time,  for  the  same  paper  in  its  issue 
of  Febniary  7th,  1852,  says:  "There  is  not  a 
gambling  institution,  or  a  drinking  saloon,  or  a 
whisky  grocery,  or  a  grog  shop  in  town.  We  have 
no  room  for  those  who  frequent  such  places." 


CHAPTER  LVIII. 

CHIPPEWAS   AND   SIOUX    AT    FORT    SNELLING— 
RE3IOVAL   OF    WISSEBAGOES — ATTACHED   TO 

HENNEPIN     COUNTY INCORPORATED    AS    A 

CITY — FERRIES   AND   BRIDGES. 

In  1857.  a  little  pamphlet  was  issued  by  Thomas 
Hale  Williams,  city  clerk  for  many  years,  from 
which  we  quote  to  show  the  condition  of  the  city  at 
that  time  and  to  show  the  growth  and  improve- 
ment during  the  first  twenty  years  of  its  exist- 
ence. It  will  be  necessary  for  this  history  to 
pass  over  many  events  of  the  intervening  years 
which  were  full  of  interest,  as  rapid  growth  and 
development  continued,  in  order  to  hasten  to  the 
other  side  of  the  river,  where  events  were  trans- 
piring worthy  of  our  notice.  ilr.  Williams' 
pampldet  states  tliat  the  estimated  capacity 
of  the  saws  then  in  ojieration  along  Main  Street 
was  20,000.000  feet  per  annum,  besides  13,000 
shingles  and  20,000  lath  daily. 

Another  shingle-mill,  on  Cataract  Island,  was 
estimated  at  2,500.000  per  annum.  I).  W.  Marr 
had  a  steam  saw-mill  running  in  the  upper  town, 
driven  by  an  engine  of  150  horse  power,  with  an 
estimated  capacity  of  25,000  feet  per  day.  A 
machine  factory,  for  turning  iron  and  wood-work, 
was  located  below  t!ie  falls,  in  which  was  also 
manufactured  bedsteads,  sash,  doors,  and  Ijlinds. 
On  Hennepin  Island  was  the  flouring-mill  of  Rol- 
lins, Upton  and  Eastman,  and  anotlier  about  half 
the  capacity,  near  the  saw-mill.   Another  shingle 


368 


HISTORY  OF  MEXKEPIN  COUNTY. 


and  blind  factorj-  was  built  in  ]8o7,  on  Hennepin 
Island,  by  B.  C.  Morrison.  On  the  west  side  of 
Hennepin  Island,  Messrs.  Rogers,  Stimson,  Kent 
and  Co.  erected  a  two-story  stone  building,  sixty- 
feet  square,  with  which  another,  fifty  by  eighty 
feet,  was  connected,  for  the  manufacture  of  sash, 
dooi-s.  blinds,  mouldings,  and  other  mside  finish- 
ings. Two  planing-mills  and  several  saws  were 
attached,  altogether,  with  the  building,  costing 
about  830,000.  This  establishment  is  now  used 
as  a  paper  manufactory.  The  amount  of  logs 
brought  down  the  river  that  season  was  estimated 
at  150,000,000  feet. 

The  University  was  in  process  of  building,  the 
part  then  under  contract  to  cost  S49.000.  A  high 
school  or  private  academy  was  in  session,  under 
the  direction  of  H.  B.  Taylor.  The  Baptist, 
Episcopal.  Congregational,  ilethodist.  and  Cath- 
olic societies  had  church  edifices,  and  an  elegant 
stone  church  was  building  by  the  Universalists. 
The  "Winslow  House  was  also  building,  and  its 
completion  the  following  spring  was  looked  for- 
ward to  witli  great  interest.  Its  cost  was  esti- 
mated at  SIOO.OOO,  and  the  opinion  expressed  that 
it  would  be  surpassed  by  no  house  in  the  United 
States,  when  all  its  advantages  are  considered. 
This  city  (still  St.  Anthony)  contained  one  hun- 
dred and  five  biisijiess  places,  including  cabinet, 
boot  and  shoe  and  other  shops,  several  real  estate 
dealere,  two  surveyoi's.  two  architects,  two  print- 
ing offices,  a  number  of  hotels  and  boarding- 
houses,  ten  lawyers,  and  eight  physicians. 

Two  steamers,  the  H.  M.  Rice  and  Governor 
Ramsey,  were  making  regular  trips  to  Sauk  Rap- 
ids and  intermediate  points,  and  during  the  sea- 
son of  navigation,  both  were  crowded  \\  ith  pas- 
sengers and  freight. 

On  one  of  these  trips,  the  Governor  Ramsey, 
Captain  John  Rollins,  brought  about  ninety  Chip- 
pewas  from  Sauk  Rapids.  From  this  point  they 
proceeded  on  foot  to  Fort  Snelling,  to  meet  the 
Sioux  in  council  for  the  purpose  of  effecting  a 
treaty  looking  to  more  peaceful  tribal  relations. 
A  large  awning  liad  been  prepared  at  the  Fort, 
under  which  the  Chippewas  were  ranged,  sitting 
to  await  the  arrival  of  the  Sioux,  who  soon  came 
with  brandish  and  warlike  flourish,  evidently  with 
intent  to  intimidate  theh-  foes,  for  it  must  be 
borne  in  mind  that,  though  met  for  the  purpose 
stated,  there  never  existed,  and  probably  never 


will  exist,  a  true  friendly  feeling  between  these 
two  powerful  tribes.  During  this  demonstration 
the  Chippewas  remained  silent  and  motionless, 
not  a  muscle  of  the  features  of  any  one  moving. 
It  is  stated  by  an  eye  witness,  that  if  the  Cliippe- 
was  had  stampeded,  as  was  the  evident  design  of 
the  Sioux,  the  latter  would,  without  doubt,  have 
fallen  upon  them  in  iniUscrimiiiate  slaughter. 
Failing  in  this,  they  filed  into  place  under  the 
awning,  and  assumed  the  same  stolid  look  as  their 
opponents.  Quite  a  number  of  ladies  were  pres- 
ent on  the  occasion,  which  was  a  matter  of  great 
annoyance  to  the  Sioux  chief.  Little  Crow,  who 
made  known,  through  his  interpreter,  his  disgust 
at  the  presence,  in  this  "  council  of  braves,"  of 
the  pale-faced  squaws.  At  this  the  Chippewa 
chief,  Hole-in-the-day,  rose  to  his  feet,  and  with 
a  dignity  and  grace  worthy  of  the  proudest  cour- 
tier, waved  his  warriors  aside,  and  invited  the 
ladies  to  seats  upon  his  side.  This  act  gained  for 
the  Cluppewa  chieftain  the  highest  favor  of  the 
assemblage. 

In  the  spring  of  1854,  the  Winnebago  Indians 
were  removed  from  ATatab  to  tlie  Blue  Earth 
resen'ation,  and  on  their  way  spent  a  week  at 
St.  Anthony.  During  their  stay  they  amused 
the  citizens  by  their  dances  and  discordant 
songs,  and  received  in  return  niunerous  cold 
lunches,  pennies,  etc.  On  a  Sabbath  morning, 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Creighton  was  holding  religious 
services  in  the  old  Methodist  Episcopal  chiu'ch, 
when  a  practical  joker  sent  a  band  of  Winneba- 
goes  to  the  church,  telling  them  the  people  who 
lived  there  would  be  pleased  with  their  dance, 
and  would  contribute  liberally.  The  effect 
upon  the  audience  at  seemg  their  dusky  faces 
peering  in  at  the  windows,  may  be  imagined. 
The  worshipers  iiished  out  without  the  ceremony 
of  benediction,  and  discovered  the  imposition  too 
late  to  return. 

Though  Indians  were  frequently  seen,  it  was  a 
novel  sight  to  the  inhabitants  of  St.  Anthony  to 
see  several  hundred  together.  The  squaws  drag- 
ged the  canoes,  about  one  hunched  in  number, 
through  the  streets,  and  what  with  braves, 
squaws,  papooses,  dogs,  and  canoes,  a  sensation 
was  created. 

St.  Anthony  was  detached  from  Ramsey 
county  March  4th,  1856,  and  attached  to  Henne- 
pin for  greater  convenience  of  its  citizens.    "We 


FEBRIES  AND  BRIDGES. 


369 


have  thus  in  the  short  tune  covered  by  this  his- 
tory seen  it  described  in  four  counties,  viz:  Craw- 
ford and  St.  Croix  counties,  Territory  of  Wiscon- 
sin, and  Ramsey  and  Hennepin,  Minnesota. 
Besides  all  these,  in  the  early  days  of  St.  Anthony 
an  attempt  was  made,  after  the  organization  of 
Hennepin  county,  to  set  off  a  strip  of  territory 
along  the  river  to  form  the  county  of  St.  An- 
thony. Wiser  mmds  saw  the  natural  attachment 
of  this  to  Hennepin  county,  and  to  Captain  Rol- 
lins, then  m  the  territorial  council,  is  due  the 
ultimate  union  of  St.  Anthony  witli  Hennepin 
county. 

As  St.  Anthony  began  to  assume  importance, 
measures  were  taken  to  secure  an  act  of  incorpor- 
ation, and  a  bUl  passed  the  legislature  in  1855, 
granting  corporate  prinleges  to  the  city  of  St. 
Anthony,  describing  its  limits  as  including  what 
lies  east  of  the  river,  of  the  following  sections 
and  parts  of  sections,  viz:  section  10  and  the 
west  half  of  section  11,  sections  13,  14,  15,  23,  24, 
25,  towii  29,  range  24.  stating  that  it  shall  con- 
sist of  three  wards;  the  officers  shall  be  a  Mayor 
and  a  board  of  aldermen  consisting  of  six  mem- 
bers. 

At  the  next  session  of  legislature,  1856,  sec- 
tion 25  was  thrown  out  by  an  amendatory  act. 

In  accordance  with  this  act  of  legislature,  the 
city  of  St.  Anthony  came  into  the  sisterhood 
of  cities  ui  1860,  and  a  municipal  government 
was  established. 

Many  events  of  great  interest  in  connection 
with  the  growth  and  development  of  St.  An- 
thony, appear  in  the  history  of  the  county  and  are 
inextricalily  intermingled  with  the  early  history 
of  Minneapolis.  To  these  we  must  therefore  re- 
fer the  reader  for  fuller  details,  while  many  more 
wUl  appear  in  the  histories  of  the  manufactories. 
and  biographies  of  individuals,  and  if,  after  all, 
facts  that  some  may  deem  essential,  are  omitted, 
indulgence  is  entreated,  because  events,  in  cities 
of  such  rapid  growth,  crowd  on  each  other  so  as 
to  compel  the  omission  of  some. 

FEKKIES  AND  BRIDGES. 

We  desire,  now,  to  cross  the  river  to  investi- 
gate the  settlement,  growth  and  progress  there, 
but  before  we  advance  further  it  will  be  interest- 
ing to  recall  the  first  method  of  crossing  and  fol- 
24 


low  up  the  improvements,  by  a  sketch  of  ferries 
and  bridges. 

The  first,  and  for  a  long  time  the  only  means, 
of  crossing  the  Mississippi  at  this  point,  was  by 
fording  on  the  ledge  at  the  foot  of  Xicollet  Island, 
which  could  be  performed  oidy  at  low  water  and 
before  the  building  of  the  dam.  The  current 
was  very  swift  and  horses  required  shoes  to  hold 
on  the  rocks  and  avoid  slipping.  At  Boom  Island 
^;he  current  was  less  rapid,  and  here  crossings 
were  made  with  canoes.  One  old  squaw,  who 
netted  fish  and  lived  mostly  on  the  river,  derived 
considerable  income  from  setting  travelers  across 
with  her  canoe. 

In  1847,  Mr.  Steele  established  a  ferry  near  the 
site  of  the  present  suspension  bridge,  from  Nicol- 
let Island  to  the  west  shore.  Teams  were  still 
compelled  to  follow  the  ledge  in  crossing  the 
eastern  channel  to  the  foot  of  Nicollet  Island, 
and  thence  up  the  Island  to  the  ferry,  which  con- 
sisted of  a  flat  boat  with  posts  near  each  end, 
over  which  a  large  rope  or  cable  was  drawii, 
fastened  at  each  end  to  the  banks  of  the  stream. 
The  cable  served  a  double  purpose,  preventing 
the  drifting  down  stream,  and  affording  a  means 
for  hauling  the  boat  across.  R.  P.  Russell,  Mr. 
Steele's  agent,  took  charge  of  the  ferry,  at  first 
employing  Dubey  to  operate  the  boat.  Edgar 
Folsom  arrived  late  in  the  fall  of  1847,  and  the 
following  summer  took  charge  of  the  feny  and 
ran  it  one  season;  after  this.  Captain  Tapper  had 
charge  imtil  the  building  of  the  bridge,  when  he 
assisted  in  that,  afterward  collecting  tlie  tolls. 

Several  stories  are  told  at  the  expense  of  Mr. 
Folsom  when  hi  charge  of  the  ferry.  Once,  be- 
fore he  had  become  familiar  with  the  operation, 
he  lost  patience  with  the  man  ruimuig  the  boat 
because  he  did  not  obey  his  orders,  and  cast  the 
rope  off  one  of  the  posts  to  escape  a  blockade  of 
ice  that  was  straining  the  rope  like  a  bow-cord. 
Seizing  it  himself,  he  cast  it  off,  but  was  hurled 
more  than  twenty  feet  on  the  rough  ice  by  the  re- 
bound of  the  cable.  In  another  instance,  a 
daughter  of  Reuben  Bean,  who  had  located  on 
the  west  side,  was  out  in  a  canoe  on  the  river, 
being  quite  skillful  in  its  use,  from  experience  on 
the  Illinois  river,  the  foi-mer  home  of  the  family, 
but  striking  the  cable  of  the  ferry,  she  was  upset 
and  in  some  danger.  Folsom  hastened  to  her  re- 
lief and  after  extricating  her  from  her  imfortu- 


370 


HJSIOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNIY. 


iiate  situation  demanded  the  damseFs  liand  as 
remuneration  for  his  gallantry,  but  she  thinking 
the  demand  too  high,  exclaimed.  '•  Put  me  back 
on  the  fen-y  rope."'  Another  incident  that  oc- 
curred near  the  feny,  but  later,  while  Captain 
Tapper  was  in  charge,  came  near  proving  fatal  to 
more  than  one.  In  this  case.  8imon  Stevens  and 
Captain  John  Tapper  went  to  the  rescue  of  a  little 
boy  about  seven  years  of  age,  who  was  alone  in  a 
lioat  floating  rapidly  toward  the  falls.  It  appears 
that  an  older  lioy  in  steiiping  out  of  the  boat  had 
lost  hold  of  it.  and  unwittingly  placed  the  little 
fellow  who  was  in  his  charge,  in  jeopardy.  The 
loud  cries  of  the  older  lioy  attracted  the  attention 
of  the  rescuei-s  to  the  little  fellow,  who,  with  in- 
nocent unconcern,  was  enjoying  the  motion  of  the 
boat.  They  rescued  him.  though  they  were  com- 
jielled  to  row  so  near  the  brink  of  the  falls  them- 
selves, that  for  a  moment,  it  was  doubtful  wliich 
would  be  victorious,  the  strong  current  or  their 
strong  arms.  Their  best  efforts  at  first  failed  to 
show  any  gain,  but  at  last  inch  by  inch,  they 
pulled  away  from  their  perilous  situation.  The 
little  boy  in  this  ston'  became  one  of  the  business 
men  of  this  city,  J.  II.  Pottle,  the  carriage  man- 
ufactiu'er.  The  total  income  of  the  ferry  the 
tirst  year  was  said  to  be  only  S300.  It  soon 
proved  inadequate  to  the  demands,  and  ^Ir. 
Steele  conceived  the  idea  of  a  suspension  bridge 
and  canied  it  out.  Our  history  has  not  yet 
reached  the  west  side,  but  we  shall  soon  see,  what 
Mr.  Steele  saw,  a  royal  neighbor  asking  for  a  royal 
passage  across  the  stream.  History  informs  us 
that  when  Queen  Elizabeth  proposed  to  honor 
Kennilworth  Castle  by  a  visit.  Leicester  ordered 
a  poition  of  the  outer  wall  thrown  down,  and  a 
broad  passage  made,  stating  that  he  had  never 
till  now  had  need  for  a  portal  that  was  fit  for  the 
passage  of  a  Queen.  Franklin  Steele  seems  to  have 
had  as  grand  an  idea  of  Minneapolis.  The  un- 
dertaking was  the  more  startling,  as  the  great 
Jlississippi  had  never  been  bridged  from  Lake 
Itasca  to  the  Gulf.  It  was  undertaken  in  1854,  as 
a  private  enterprise  by  the  Minneapolis  Bridge 
Company,  consisting  of  Franklin  Steele.  H.  T. 
AVelles  and  company,  and  was  eight  months 
building,  but  on  the  19th  of  March  follow- 
ing, it  was  dismantled  h\  a  heavy  gale,  and 
nearly  aU  summer  consumed  in  repairmg  the 
damage.    July  4th.  18oo,  the  first  team    cross- 


ed. It  is  worthy  of  mention,  that  the  famous 
•■  ^'ermont  Morrill,"  driven  by  Chester  Mar- 
tin first  crossed  the  bridge.  This  horse  was 
brought  from  ^'ermont,  when  five  years  old.  to 
St.  Anthony  in  ISoo,  and  remained  here  two 
years.  Probably  the  most  celebrated  horse  ever 
raised  in  tlie  county,  was  the  '•  Finch  "  horse 
sired  by  the  first  horse  that  crossed  the  first  liridge 
over  the  Mississippi  river.  Two  years  later  the 
tolls  at  this  bridge  were  estimated  at  S12.o00  per 
annum.  A  Howe  truss  bridge  wasbuilt  in  1856-7. 
across  the  river  between  11th  and  12th  avenues 
south-east.about  three  rods  above  Bridal  ^^eil  Falls, 
and  was  in  cliarge  of  Robert  H.  Jefferson.  Dur- 
ing a  time  of  high  water  in  1859,  logs  were  caught 
by  the  bridge,  in  consequence  of  its  being  built 
too  low,  and  it  became  a  WTeck.  Calvin  A.  Tut- 
tle  gave  the  right  of  way  to  the  approaches. 

It  will  serve  to  explain  the  distance  between 
the  ferries  and  bridges,  if  we  recall  the  fact 
that  they  were  private  enterprises,  under  chartei-s 
obtained  from  the  State,  and  by  the  terms  of 
their  charters,  each  was  protected  against  oppo- 
sition by  a  provision  that  no  similar  charter  shoukl 
be  granted  within  a  mile. 

The  gt)vernment  bridge  across  the  ravine  on 
Third  Street,  and  another  connecting  Main  Street 
with  Hennepin  Island,  and  still  another  ct)nnect- 
Lng  Mala  Sti-eet  with  Nicollet  Island  were  buUt 
previous  to  1857,  and  at  this  date  a  bridge  was 
building  across  the  Mississippi,  about  a  mile  be- 
low the  Suspension  Bridge,  by  the  Minnesota 
Bridge  Company,  at  a  cost  of  S52.000.  In  1852-3 
a  wooden  bridge  was  built  across  the  east  chan- 
nel, which  was  repaired  and  replaced  by  other 
similar  structures.  This  obviated  the  necessity 
of  fording  the  river,  as  had  been  necessary  pre- 
viously. The  wooden  bridge  was  rejilaced  in 
1878  by  the  present  stone-arch  bridge.  Tlie  rail- 
road bridge  of  tlie  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Mani- 
toba Railway  was  constructed  in  18(58  at  a  cost 
of  S7o,000  by  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad 
Company.  A  draw-bridge  was  built  near  Orth's 
brewery,  which  remained  in  use  about  six  years. 
All  these  were  toll  bridges  except  that  replaced 
by  the  stone-arch  bridge.  The  upper  and  lower 
bridges  now  in  use  were  built  in  1874,  by  the 
King  Bridge  Company  of  Topeka,  Kansas.  The 
Suspension  Bridge  was  purchased  by  tlie  county 
fi'om  Franklin  Steele  and  made  a  free  bridge. 


THE  WEST  SIDE. 


371 


The  present  Suspension  Bridge  was  built  in  1876 
and  is  the  pride  of  the  city.  Its  breaking  strain 
is  estimated  at  4,!tsu,000  pounds;  total  strength 
of  all  the  cables,  10,995,072  pounds.  The  main 
cables  are  nine  inches  in  diameter  and  swing  in- 
ward about  six  feet.  The  outside  cables  sup- 
porting the  walks  are  three  and  one-half  inches 
in  diameter  and  swing  inward  about  eleven  inch- 
es. The  length  of  wire  used,  exclusive  of  wrap- 
pings, is  1,421  miles.  The  towers  are  eighty  feet 
high;  the  length  of  the  bridge  630  feet.  Walks 
for  foot-passengers  are  on  both  sides  of  the  drive. 
Its  entire  cost  was  S221 ,024.50.  Even  this  struct- 
ure proves  inadequate  to  the  demand,  and  a 
proposition  is  on  foot  to  extend  the  bridge  in 
width  by  swinging  outward  the  cables  supporting 
the  walks,  which  as  stated  above  now  swing  in- 
ward. 

A  plan  has  been  matured,  and  preparations  are 
now  making  for  the  construction  of  a  railroad 
bridge  diagonally  across  the  river  from  the  east- 
ern end  of  the  lower,  or  iron  bridge,  to  Hennepin 
Island,  and  thence  to  the  \\'estern  end  of  the 
suspension  bridge,  the  entire  length  of  which, 
inchiding  that  part  of  the  track  laid  on  Henne- 
pin Island,  will  be  nearly  three-quarters  of  a 
mile,  or  more  than  six  times  the  length  of  the 
suspension  bridge.  The  building  of  this  great 
structure  is  with  a  view  to  a  union  depot,  and  as 
affording  railroad  access  to  the  new  Pillsbury 
"A"  mill,  and  other  mills  about  to  be  built. 


CHAPTEK  LIX. 


WKST  SIDE — JOHN  H.  STEVENS— HON.  ROBERT 
SMITH— OTHER  RESIDENT  CLAIMANTS— EARLY 
EVENTS. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  recapitulate  the  facts  in 
regard  to  the  military  reservation  embraced  in 
the  county  history,  and  the  history  of  Fort  Snell- 
ing,  in  preceding  chapters.  We  refer  the  reader 
to  these  for  information  necessary  to  an  under- 
standing of  the  difficulties  and  trials  experienced 
by  the  early  settlers  of  the  west  side.    This  in- 


visible liarrier  restrained  all  settlement  within 
the  sacred  territory  until  1.S49.  when  Hon.  Eobert 
Smith,  then  a  member  of  Congress  from  Illinois, 
and  -John  H.  Stevens,  just  returned  from  the 
Mexican  war,  received  permits  from  the  govern- 
ment to  occupy  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  each 
of  the  reserve.  Late  in  the  fall  i)f  tliis  year  Mr. 
Stevens  commenced  building  his  house,  and  the 
following  spring  completed  it  and  moved  on  his 
land.  We  cannot  forbe.n-  introducing  Mr. 
Stevens  at  his  first  arrival  in  the^  state,  for  his 
character  appears  at  first  sight.  General  R.  W. 
.Joluison  describes  his  first  meeting  with  the 
hearty  Colonel  as  follows:  "At  Fort  Snelling,  I 
met  for  the  first  time  Colonel  John  H.  Stevens 
between  whom  and  myself  an  intimacy  sprang 
up,  ripening  into  a  friendship  which  will  last  as 
long  as  life.  The  Fort  Snelling  post-office  was 
the  principal  office  in  the  territory,  and  to  all 
intents  and  purposes  Stevens  was  Postmaster 
General  of  the  North-western  Territory.  Stevens 
came  here  to  lend  his  energy  towards  building 
up  the  state,  and  the  part  lie  has  performed  has 
been  well  done.  An  inventory  of  his  baggage 
and  worldly  goods  when  he  arrived  in  Minnesota 
may  not  prove  uninteresting.  Before  leaving 
Illinois,  he  had  laid  in  the  following  bill  of  goods 
which  he  purchased  of  B.  II.  Campbell,  of  Ga- 
lena: one  bbl.  pork,  $9.50;  200  lbs.  ham,  $8.00; 
10  lbs.  coffee,  §1.00;  111),  tea,  $1.00;  14  lbs. 
sugar,  $1.00;  J  sack  salt,  .50;  1  lb.  pepper,  .30; 
U  lbs.  tobacco,  $1.67 ;  1  bbl  whiskey,  $6.84. 
Think  of  that,  will  you,  38  gallons  of  whiskey  at 
18  cents  per  gallon!  This  bill  is  interesting  on 
several  accounts.  It  shows  how  we  had  to  de- 
pend upon  ourselves;  the  character  of  the  meat 
our  'Caesar'  fed  on;  and  the  difference  between 
the  prices  of  to-day  and  twenty  years  ago.  The 
amount  of  whiskey  may  seem  large,  but  it  must 
be  remembered  that  we  had  no  communication 
with  the  outside  world  from  the  close  until  the 
opening  of  navigation.  For  the  truth  of  history 
it  should  be  recorded  that  Stevens  was  a  temperate 
ma'H,  wild  never  took  a  driidi  even.  He  brought 
the  whiskey  with  him,  to  luive  a  remedy  at  hand 
in  case  he  was  bitten  by  a  snake,  and  to  have  it 
in  his  power  to  extend  the  usual  western  hospi- 
tality. Such  was  the  character  of  our  early 
settlers."' 
In  a  letter  addressed  to  J.  H.  Stevens,  dated 


372 


HTSTOBT  OF  HENNJSPIN  COUNTY. 


STew  York  city,  February  1st,  1881,  Mr.  Henry  T. 
AVelles  says  :  "  Hennepin  county  owes  as  mucli 
to  you,  if  not  more,  than  to  any  otlier  man.  You 
were  the  comer-stone  on  -which  Mr.  Steele's  for- 
huie  was  built.  You  shaped  the  early  beginning 
of  what  is  now  iliiineapolis,  and  in  any  liistory 
of  the  county  you  ought  to  have  credit  accord- 
ingly." 

Traits  of  unselfishness,  which  are  somewhat 
inconsistent  with  the  acquisition  of  large  wealth, 
have  characterized  the  Colonel  throughout  his  life 
at  Minneapolis,  and  though  he  may  not,  in  the 
view  of  most,  be  looked  upon  as  one  favored  of 
fortune,  still,  what  better  fortune  can  a  man  have 
than  the  blessings  of  liis  grateful  fiiends,  in  a 
comfortable  and  happy  homeV  The  perusal  of 
the  records  of  the  old  settlers  proves  that  in  these 
he  is  rich  indeed.  His  house  was  the  first  built 
on  the  west  side,  with  the  exception  of  the  gov- 
ernment house  on  the  knoll,  near  the  mill,  buUt 
in  early  times.  His  claim  extended  from  the  falls 
bordering  on  the  river  to  Bassetfs  creek.  The 
Nicollet  House  now  stands  near  the  middle 
of  the  old  claim.  Mr.  Stevens  crossed  by 
the  ferry  daily  to  his  business  at  St.  Anthony, 
where  he  kept  his  store  in  connection  with  Frank- 
lin Steele. 

The  means  taken  to  obtain  a  foothold  in  the 
reserve  calls  to  mind  the  fable  of  the  camel,  that 
begged  leave  of  a  tailor  j  ust  to  warm  his  nose  at  bis 
open  window,  but  when  his  modest  request  was 
granted,  pushed  his  demands  until  the  tailor  was 
driven  out  and  the  camel  left  in  undisputed  pos- 
session. 

Hon.  Robert  Smith,  of  Alton,  Illinois,  while  a 
member  of  Congress,  wrote,  February  1.5th,  1849, 
from  the  House  of  Kepresentatives,  in  Washing- 
ton, to  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  affau-s.  ex- 
pressmg  a  wish  -  To  lease  for  five  years  the  old 
govemment  house  and  grist  and  saw-mill  on  the 
west  side  of  the  Mississippi  Eiver,  opposite  the 
Falls  of  .St.  Anthony."  In  the  letter  he  adds:  ••  I 
shall  move  into  the  Territory  of  Minnesota  after 
the  adjournment  of  Congress,  and  I  wish  to  pro- 
cure this  house  for  my  family  to  live  m.  and  to 
fix  up  the  old  grist-mill  to  grind  corn  and  other 
grain,  there  bemg  no  grist-mill  now  in  that  region 
of  country."  The  Secretai-y  of  War  consented, 
providing  the  commanding  officer  at  Fort  SneUing 
approved. 


Major  Woods,  in  command,  on  April  12th  wrote 
that :  ••  With  due  respect  to  Mr.  Smith,  I  doubt 
much  if  his  aim  in  wishing  to  settle  there  is  not 
in  expectation  that  the  reserve  will  be  taken  off." 
Mr.  Smith  took  possession  of  the  old  house  and 
mill  in  May,  1849,  but  did  not  reside  there.  Mr. 
Smith  was  onh'  allowed,  with  the  house  and  mill, 
sufficient  gTound  for  a  garden  ;  therefore,  m  Sep- 
tember, he  renewed  the  correspondence  with  the 
Secretary  of  ^Var.  ••  I  must  have  groiuid  to  raise 
something  to  live  upon.  I  cannot  cross  the  river 
and  back,  with  my  team,  without  paying  one  dol- 
lar. Provisions  are  dear  and  scarce,  while  there 
are  tens  or  thousands  of  acres  of  excellent  land, 
mth  no  one  within  six  or  seven  miles,  on  the  same 
side  of  the  river,  cultivating  an  acre.  I  cannot 
but  believe  it  will  decidedly  be  for  the  interest  of 
the  government  to  permit  me  to  make  a  farm  ad- 
joining the  mill."  Mr.  Smith  had  evidently  stud- 
ied the  art  of  diplomacy  thoroughly,  and,  in  the 
disinterested  patriotism  of  the  last  paragraph,  we 
should  see  only  a  satire  written  at  his  own  expense, 
except  that  it  is  obscured  by  the  very  effrontery 
that  won  his  success. 

In  September.  1852,  Mr.  Smith  asked  the  priv- 
ilege of  purchasing  the  buildings  and  in  March, 
1853,  Captain  X.  J.  T.  Dana,  (luartermaster  at 
Fort  SneUing,  WTote  to  theqiuirtennaster-general 
at  Washington:  "I  returned  to  tins  post  on  the 
twentieth  instant,  and  on  the  next  day  visited 
the  old  mill  and  l)uildings  belonging  to  the  (piar- 
termaster's  department  and  now  in  the  possession 
of  Hon.  Kobert  Smith,  and  I  submit  the  follow- 
ing as  my  opinion  of  the  value  of  the  buildings 
to  the  goverinnent  at  the  time  when  ^Ir.  Smith 
received  them :  The  old  stone  grist-mill,  the 
building  somewhat  dilapidated,  the  water-\\  heel 
worn  out  entirely,  but  the  other  machinery,  in- 
cluding two  mill-stones,  good,  was  worth  S400. 
The  old  frame  of  a  Sciw-miU,  greatly  decayed,  to- 
gether with  the  mill  irons  on  it  and  extra  posts, 
mostly  worn  out.  SIOO.  The  one-story  frame 
building,  much  decayed,  S200.  Fences  and 
races,  much  decayed,  ?50."  The  permit  which 
he  received  from  the  Secretary  of  War  allowed 
him  to  make  a  claim  where  the  old  government 
mill  stood,  which  is  the  present  site  of  Sidle, 
Fletcher  &  Holmes'  flourmg  mill,  with  the  pur- 
pose of  operating  it  for  the  government.  This 
plan  he  carried  out,  employing  Reuben  Bean  as 


LOCATION  OF  CLAIMS. 


373 


miller.  Mr.  Smith  never  lived  here,  nor  did  he 
at  any  time  occnpy  his  claim  in  person,  but  di- 
vided it  with  R.  P.  Russell,  George  E.  Hny  and 
others,  in  consideration  of  their  agreement  to 
make  improvements  on  the  propertv.  Mr.  Smith 
remained  in  Illinois,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death 
vs^as  still  member  of  congress  from  Alton  district. 

Though  the  early  settlers  on  the  west  side  were 
subjected  to  many  hardships,  these  were  of  a  kind 
peculiar  to  their  location  on  the  reserve  and  very 
different  from  the  usual  experiences  of  frontier 
life.  Many  had  been  living  at  St.  Anthony,  and 
the  removal  of  their  worldly  effects  to  the  oppo- 
site side  of  the  river  was  not  a  very  laborious 
task,  besides  the  river  alone  separated  them  from 
a  base  of  supplies.  Those  who  were  new  comei^s 
and  had  not  lived  at  St.  Anthony  could  there  find 
temporary  shelter  and  comfort  until  their  modest 
cabins  were  in  readiness.  Xo  land  entries  could 
.be  made,  but  the  following  persons  staked  out 
their  claims  in  about  the  order  mentioned,  except- 
ing those  who  made  no  attempt  to  secure  land, 
entering  other  business:  Calvin  A.  Tuttle,  J.  P. 
Miller,  Dr.  II.  Fletcher,  John  Jackins,  Wan'en 
Bristol,  Allen  Harmon,  Dr.  A.  E.  Ames,  Edward 
Murphy,  Charles  Hoag,  Joel  B.  Bassett,  Colonel 
E.  Case,  Waterman  Stinson,  Edwin  Pledderly,  C. 
W.  Christmas,  Judge  Isaac  Atwater,  Simon  Ste- 
vens and  Hem-y  Chambers.  Calvin  A.  Tuttle, 
who  came  over  next  after  Mr.  Stevens,  was  em- 
ployed by  Mr.  Smith  as  miller  in  place  of  Mr. 
Bean,  and  remained  in  charge  of  the  mill  for 
several  years.  While  still  in  charge  in  1853,  lie 
became  interested  with  Simon  Stevens  and  others 
in  the  construction  of  a  mill  at  Minnetonka.  He 
now  resides  at  Two  Rivers,  Mon-ison  county,  in 
this  state. 

J.  P.  Miller,  the  next  to  move  to  the  west  side, 
made  a  claim  where  Judge  Atw'ater  now  lives,  on 
the  south-west  quarter  of  section  25.  His  claim 
is  now  known  as  Atwater's  addition  to  jNIinneap- 
olis.  He  built  there  the  second  house,  and  re- 
mained till  1853,  when  he  moved  to  Minnetonka, 
where  he  still  lives,  an  honored  and  respected  citi- 
zen. Mr.  Miller  w  as  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
lived  several  years  in  Bucyrus,  Ohio,  and  a  short 
time  in  Rockford,  Illinois,  arriving  at  St.  An- 
thony in  1849. 

Dr.  Hezekiah  Fletcher  located  his  claim  ou  the 
south-east  quarter  of  section  27,  and  built  the 


third  house,  which  was  a  small  shanty.  He  never 
entered  the  practice  of  his  profession,  but  gave 
himself  up  to  speculations,  in  which  he  was  very 
successful.  He  soon  sold  his  claim  to  John  L. 
Tenney.  He  represented  the  county  in  the 
territorial  legislature,  and  was  appointed  regis- 
ter of  the  land  oiflce  in  1863.  He  is  now  in  busi- 
ness in  Springfield,  Misssouri. 

John  Jackins,  the  fourth  resident  claimant,  lo- 
cated back  of,  and  adjoining,  Mr.  Stevens,  and 
built  a  house  which  is  still  standing  on  Sixth 
street  below  Third  Avenue  south,  though  it  has 
been  removed  from  its  original  site.  He  lived  on 
his  claim  several  years,  and  laid  it  out  in  lots  as 
Jackins'  addition  to  Minneapolis,  but  subse- 
quently removed  and  now  lives  at  Stillwater. 

Warren  Bristol  came  fifth,  and  located  his  claim 
on  section  27,  just  west  of,  and  adjoinmg  the 
claim  of  Dr.  Fletcher.  He  built  a  shanty,  lived 
in  it  about  two  years,  and  then  exchanged  his 
claim  for  lots  in  St.  Paul,  where  he  entered  the 
practice  of  law.  While  in  Minneapolis  he  held 
the  office  of  county  attorney,  and  was  the  first 
attorney  for  Hennepin  county.  He  moved  from 
St.  Paul  to  Red  Wing,  and  represented  Goodhue 
coimty  in  the  senate  and  house  of  representa- 
tives. He  is  now  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of 
the  territory  of  New  Mexico. 

Allen  Harmon,  the  next,  located  the  sixth  claim 
on  the  north-west  quarter  of  section  27,  where  he 
still  lives.  He  farmed  his  claim  for  a  few  years, 
and  afterward  laid  out  a  portion  in  town  lots,  call- 
ed Harmon's  addition  to  Minneapolis.  Later  he 
platted  other  portions,  imtil  now  it  is  nearly  all 
laid  out  in  town  lo    . 

Dr.  A.  E.  Ames,  the  seventh  resident  claimant, 
located  his  claim  October  14,  1851,  on  section  26, 
and  built  a  shanty,  Ijut  remained  in  St.  Anthony 
during  the  winter.  In  the  spring  of  1852  he 
moved  over  with  his  family,  and  W'as  the  lirst 
practicing  physician  in  Minneapolis.  It  will  des- 
ignate the  claim  more  intelligibly  to  add  that  the 
court-house  is  situated  on  the  orlgmal  claim. 
He  became  prominent  in  his  profession  as  well  as 
in  public  life.  He  was  a  Vermonter  by  birth, 
but  studied  medicine  in  Chicago.  He  first  located 
in  Illinois,  where  he  held  the  office  of  assistant 
secretary  of  state  for  fouryeius,  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  state  senate  and  house  of  represent- 
atives.   After  his  removal  to  Minneapolis  he  rep- 


374 


IITSTOBT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


resented  Hennepin  comity  in  the  territorial  leg- 
islature one  term,  and  subsequently  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  state  constitutional  convention.  He 
died  in  Sei)tember.  1874.  His  son.  Ezra  B.  Ames, 
lives  in  the  house  of  liis  father,  corner  of  Fifth 
Street  and  Eighth  Avenue  south,  ha\-ing  removed 
it  from  the  original  site,  comer  of  Fifth  street 
and  Xinth  Avenue  south. 

Edward  Murphy  made  the  eighth  claim,  ad- 
joining and  below  J.  P.  Miller,  near  the  river  and 
near  the  residence  of  Judge  Atwater.  He  moved 
on  his  claim  in  the  spring  of  1852,  occupjing  it 
imtil his  death,  lie  platted  his  claim,  and  it  be- 
came ilurphy"s  adtlition  to  ilinneapolis.  Mr. 
Murphy  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  but  was  a 
resident  of  Illinois  before  coming  to  iliimesota. 

The  ninth  to  arrive  was  Charles  Hoag.  in  Jmie, 
18.52,  from  Philadelphia,  where  he  had  been  a 
teacher  in  the  public  schools  of  that  city.  He  lo- 
cated his  claim  next  west  of  Jackins.  It  ex- 
tended nearly  to  Bassetfs  creek.  He  lived  on 
his  claim  a  few  years  and  laid  it  out  in  blocks 
and  lots,  caUed  Hoag's  addition  to  Minneapolis. 
He  contributed  much  to  the  growth  of  the  city, 
but  was  amplx'  remunerated  by  the  advance  in 
property.  To  him  is  due  the  name  Minneapolis, 
which  has  incorrectly  been  ascribed  to  Mr. 
George  D.  Bowman,  editor  of  the  St.  Anthony 
Express,  in  consequence  of  the  prominent  position 
he  took  with  liis  paper  among  its  advocates.  Mr. 
Hoag,  after  losing  his  wealth  through  the  fail- 
ure of  othere,  moved  on  a  farm  in  Kichfield, 
where  he  now  resides. 

Next,  and  tenth,  came  J.  B.  Bassett  in  the 
spring  of  1852.  and  located  his  claim  along  the 
river  north  of  the  creek  that  beai-s  his  name. 
The  stream  was  named  by  Miss  Mary  A.  Scho- 
fleld,  at  that  time  a  teacher  in  the  settlement, 
now  ilrs.  Prof.  Kissell,  a  resident  of  Chicago. 
After  working  his  claim  as  a  farm  for  a  few 
vears,  Mr.  Bassett  imbibed  the  enthusiasm  of 
the  Uttle  town  and  laid  out  his  land  in  lots  in  con- 
nection with  others,  and  it  came  in  under  the  name 
of  Case,  Bassett  and  Moore's  addition  to  ilinne- 
apoUs.  He  built  his  first  house  on  a  knoll  at  the 
mouth  of  the  creek,  Iwt  now  lives  in  a  fine  resi- 
dence 643,  North  Fourth  sU-eet,  which  is  also  on 
the  original  claim,  ilr.  Bassett  was  the  first 
Judge  of  Probate  of  the  county,  a  representative 
to  the  tenitorial  legislature,  and  m  1868,  Indian 


agent  to  the  Chippewas,  He  was  a  native  of 
New  Hampshire,  and  came  in  1851  to  Miimesota. 

Eleventh,  Colonel  Emanuel  Case  located  on  the 
river  above  Judge  Bassett.  The  claim  was  con- 
tested with  Peter  Poncin,  who  moved  on  the 
land  during  the  winter  of  1852,  and  was  living 
there  at  the  time  Colonel  Case  made  his  claim. 
Colonel  Case  defeated  him,  however,  and  estab- 
lished the  claim.  This  was  the  southern-most 
land  along  the  river  belonging  to  the  Indian  res- 
ervation. He  cultivated  his  claim  a  few  years 
and  laid  it  out  in  lots  m  company  with  Bassett 
and  Moore,  but  continued  to  reside  on  it  until 
his  death  about  ten  years  ago.  Colonel  Case 
was  a  native  of  New  York,  and  in  the  spring  of 
1851  came  to  Minnesota. 

Waterman  Stinson  made  the  twelfth  claim,  on 
the  north  side  of  Bassetfs  creek,  second  above 
Bassetfs,  leaving  one  claim  between  them  not 
yet  taken.  His  claim  soon  proved  like  others 
too  valualjle  for  farming  puiiioses:  he.  therefore 
platted  it  and  became  a  wealthy  man  by  sales 
of  his  lots.  This  formed  Stinson's  addition  to 
Minneapolis.  He  lived  on  his  claim  mitil  his 
death. 

Next,  and  thirteenth,  was  the  claim  of  Edwin 
Hedderly  in  company  with  Rev.  Alfred  C.  God- 
frey, a  resident  of  !Maine.  They  made  claims  on 
the  river  above  Miller.  Mr.  Hedderly "s  claim  ad- 
joined that  of  Mr.  Miller,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Godfrey's 
came  next.  The  latter  soon  sold  his  and 
returned  East,  and  is  now  pastor  of  a  church  in 
Massachusetts.  Mr.  Hedderly  lived  on  his  claim 
until  the  fall  of  1880,  when  his  death  occurred. 

Charles  ^X.  Christmas  was  the  fifteenth,  and 
made  his  claim  about  a  mile  north,  just  out.side 
the  reservation,  where  he  buUt  a  temporary  shel- 
ter, and  subsequently,  a  fine  residence.  'Mr. 
Cluistmas  arrived  m  St.  Anthony  Jidy  3d,  1850, 
and  made  his  claim  the  following  year,  lie  was 
employed  as  sur\-eyor  in  both  St.  Anthony  and 
Mimieapolis.  and  was  twice  elected  coimty  sur- 
veyor. In  1852  he  moved  on  his  claim  and  sub- 
sequently platted  it.  He  was  appointed  register  of 
land  oflice  for  Sauk  Rapids,  but  owing  to  the  faO- 
ure  to  elect  the  AVhig  candidate.  Gen.  Scott,  to  the 
presidency,  he  held  tlie  office  only  six  months  and 
received  §500,  a  half-year's  salary,  though  he 
never  went  to  Sauk  Rapids  to  take  possession  of 
the  office,  nor  performed  any  of  the  duties  of  reg- 


SUBVETS— FIRST  MARRIAGE. 


37& 


ister,  excepting  the  very  important  one  of  drawing 
his  salary.  He  came  from  Wooster,  Wayne  county, 
Ohio,  bringing  a  wife  and  nine  children,  attracted 
by  a  letter  printed  in  a  leading  newspaper,  written 
by  Hon.  J.  W.  North,  in  which  the  territory  was 
described  in  very  attractive  terms.  H^  states 
that  the  appearance  of  the  country  fully  satisfied 
his  anticipations  and  its  subsequent  growth  has 
not  exceeded  his  predictions.  Mr.  Christmas, 
after  platting  his  claim,  took  Isaac  Lewis  and  J. 
C.  Reno  as  partners  for  the  purpose  of  adding 
improvements,  and  the  lots  were  divided  among 
the  partners.  By  some  means  Mr.  Christmas 
came  out  the  loser,  and,  thougli  a  respected  citi- 
zen in  advanced  age,  he  has  failed  to  secure  for 
his  old  age  the  fat  income  now  enjoyed  by  some 
of  his  contemporaries. 

Judge  Isaac  ^Vtwater  made  a  claim  next  but, 
as  he  stated  before  the  old  settlers;  he  sold  it  for 
ten  dollars  and  never  got  his  pay. 

Henry  Chambers  opened  a  store  and  Simon 
Stevens  was  interested  in  lumber  mills,  neither 
of  them  making  any  claim. 

Joshua  Draper  made  a  claim  where  Mr.  D.  Mor- 
rison now  resides,  the  north-east  quarter  of  sec- 
tion 31,  included,  it  is  said  in  the  city  in  1867,  in 
order  to  permit  Mr.  Morrison,  at  that  time  re- 
siding there,  to  become  a  candidate  for  the 
oflHce  of  Mayor.  Mr.  Draper  jmnped  the 
claim  of  Captain  Arthur  H.  Mills,  of  the 
United  States  Army.  At  the  time  he  made  the 
claim,  he  was  clerk  for  J.  G.  Lennon  in  St. 
Anthony.  A  compromise  was  effected  between 
Draper  and  Captain  Mills,  by  which  eacli  took 
half  of  the  original  claim.  Mr.  Draper  was  a 
native  of  Oneida  county,  New  York,  and  in  1851, 
arrived  at  St.  Anthony.  He  was  advanced  in 
age  at  the  time  of  his  arrival,  and  brought  a 
large  family  with  him.  His  death  occurred  sev- 
eral years  ago  at  the  residence  of  his  daughter, 
Mrs.  Gordon,  at  Sauk  Centre. 

Mr.  Christmas,  with  AVilliam  Sloan  for  assist- 
ant, surveyed  the  greater  part  of  Minneapolis,  for 
Mr.  Steele  and  Mr.  Stevens.  His  survey  ex- 
tended from  Helen  street,  the  boundary  line  be- 
tween the  original  claims  of  Hon.  Robert  Smith 
and  Colonel  Stevens,  to  Bassett  creek.  Governor 
Marshall  had  previously  surveyed  up  to  Helen 
street,  now  Third  Avenue  south.  He  also  sur- 
veyed   down  to    Murphy's  claim.    Before  the 


government  survey  was  made,  Mr.  Murphy 
wished  to  ascertain  where  the  town  line  would 
run  in  order  to  avoid  mistakes  in  locating  and  di- 
viding lands,  and  for  this  purpose  employed  Mr. 
Christmas.  This  required  nice  calculation,  but 
conjecturing  how  the  government  surveyors  would 
proceed,  he  ran  out  the  line,  starting  from  the 
east  side,  and  carrying  it  across  the  river,  struck 
the  same  jioint  on  Lake  Calhoun,  which  the  gov- 
ernment surveyors  made  two  or  three  years  after, 
when  they  ran  the  Ime  with  more  delicate  in- 
struments than  the  simple  chain  and  compass 
used  by  the  first  surveyors.  It  should  be  men- 
tioned here  that  the  southern  boinidary  of  the 
township  was  subsequently  changed  by  act  of 
legislature  and  corresponding  changes  made 
in  the  boundaries  of  Brooklyn,  Crystal  Lake  and 
Richfield  ;  reference  to  the  history  of  those  town- 
ships and  the  township  of  Minneapolis,  will  ex- 
plain those  changes.  In  making  the  city  surveys, 
Mr.  Christmas  states  that  he  followed  the  in- 
structions of  Col.  Stevens  in  giving  liberal  meas- 
m-ement,  and  made  an  allowance  of  one  and  four 
one  hundreds  feet  on  each  block,and  fiu'ther,  as  the 
streets  and  avenues  do  not  cross  at  right  angles, 
he  ran  the  lines  to  secure  as  wide  streets  as  pos- 
sible. In  the  brick  block  of  Dunham  and  John- 
son, on  Hennepin  Avenue,  the  history  of  the  sur- 
vey was  placed  in  a  space  between  the  layers  of 
brick  with  the  expectation  that  at  some  future 
time,  in  the  growth  of  the  city,  it  might  be  dis- 
covered and  he  an  interesting  relic  of  the  past. 

The  first  marriage  was  that  of  Captain  John 
Tapper  and  Miss  Matilda  Stinson,  in  August, 
1853,  ceremony  performed  by  Rev.  Mr.  Rowell. 
September  4th,  of  the  same  year  the  second  took 
place,  that  of  Andrew  J.  Foster  and  Mrs.  M.  E. 
Averill,  ceremony  performed  by  Edwin  Hedder- 
ly,  first  justice. 

Among  the  early  settlers  was  Anson  Northrup, 
who  has  been  already  mentioned  as  the  builder  of 
the  St.  Charles  Hotel  in  St.  Anthony,  a  man  full 
of  enterprise.  Mr.  Xorthrup  made  a  claim,  Feb- 
ruary, 1851,  where  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and 
St.  Paul  freight  and  passenger  depots  and  yards 
are  now  located.  Part  of  the  ground  was  marshy, 
and  between  the  marshy  portions  was  a  strip  of 
ground  which,  in  1853,  Mr.  Northrup  had  broken, 
Mr.  Charles  Ciilpatrick,  now  living  near  the 
Layman  Cemetery,  doing  the  work.     The  amount 


o7b 


HISTOBT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


broken  was  estimated  at  three  acres,  and  on  this, 
wliich  was  platted  by  Mr.  Xortlirnp.  was  erected 
previously  the  firet  building  in  wliieli  a  public 
school  was  taught,  commencing  December  3d, 
18o2,  by  Miss  Mary  E.  Miller. 

The  first  building  used  as  a  hotel  was  located 
near  where  the  present  shops  of  O.  A.  Pray  and 
Company  are  situated.  It  was  small,  but  many 
were  thankful  for  its  meager  accoumiodation.  In 
ISoT.  James  Young,  now  proprietor  of  Young's 
Hotel  at  Delano,  opened  a  fli-st-elass  restaurant 
on  Washington  Avenue,  opposite  the  present  site 
of  the  First  Xational  hotel.  Mr.  Young,  among 
the  early  settlers  here,  was  engaged  as  sur^•eyor, 
and  was  employed  as  chief  engineer  for  Smith  I 
and  Carleton.  He  was  proprietor  of  the  old  ilin- 
nesota  house,  after  selling  his  restaurant  at  the 
close  of  a  year's  business.  At  the  time  of  the 
surveys  mentioned  there  was  a  small  pond  near 
the  present  post-office  block,  and  lots  in  that 
^icinity  found  few  purchasers  at  S20  each.  Mr. 
Young  refused  lots  at  that  price  in  payment  for 
his  services  as  surveyor. 


CHAPTER   LX. 

TYRANNICAL  PROCEEDINGS — NAMES — AFFAIRS 
IN  18o4-0—srRVEYS— -MILLS  AND  OTHER  BUS- 
INESS—TOWN   GOVERNMENT— CHARTER    RE- 

•    PEALED. 

It  would  be  tedious  if  not  impracticable  to 
carry  the  eniuneration  of  settlere  farther.  Set- 
tlers came  in  rapidly  to  take  lots  and  erect  houses. 
Many  of  those  whom  we  have  enumerated  came 
without  permits  from  the  secretarj  of  war  and 
in  the  face  of  the  prohibition  of  the  officers  at  the 
Fort,  who  earned  out  their  instructions  m  a 
tyrannical  mamier,  pulUng  down  the  houses  of 
some  and  holding  out  a  sly  hand  open  to  briberj- 
to  otliers,  offering  not  to  molest  those  claimants 
who  promised  to  give  half  their  clauns  at  the  tune 
of  entry  for  unmolested  possession.  Twice  were 
the  shanties  of  the  poor  squattei-s  torn  down,  and 
many  retired  in  disgust  from  the  unequal  contest, 


while  the  majority  rebuilt  and  patiently  waited, 
untU  at  last  tliey  wrought  victory  from  continual 
defeat. 

Before  the  name  Minneapolis  was  decided  on. 
other  names  were  proposed.  During  one  sea.son 
it  was^tyled  All  Samts,  perhaps  because  St.  Paul 
and  St.  Anthony  had  gro^\Ti  so  weU  under  sainted 
names,  it  was  supiwsed  that  under  the  patronage 
of  all  saints  it  must  ecUpse  its  rivals.  The  name 
LoweU  was  mooted,  as  it  was  thought  possil)le 
the  future  city  might  rival  that  great  manufac- 
turuig  center  in  MassacFlusetts.  Another  name 
Albion  was  offered,  for  no  other  reason  that  we 
can  see  but  its  euphonious  chai-acter.  The  word 
Albion  means  white,  and  is  sometimes  applied  to 
England  on  account  of  her  chalk>  cliffs.  The 
name  Minneapolis  is  compoimded  of  the  Sioux 
word,  "Minne."  meaning  water,  and  the  Greek 
•'Polls,"  a  city,  which  blends  easilx  and,  though 
contrarj'  to  the  usual  rule  in  forming  compounds, 
it  is  a  much  more  agreeable  name  than  though 
both  had  been  taken  from  the  Greek,  in  wliich 
case  the  name  would  have  been,  perhaps,  Hudor- 
apolis. 

In  the  spring  of  1854,  Minneapolis  contained 
only  twelve  houses,  and  these  were  scattered  at 
long  intervals  apart,  as  if  their  purpose  was  that 
of  farms ;  moreover,  their  architecture  was  some- 
what xmiform,  and,  though  picturesque,  could 
hardly  be  called  elegant,  for  at  this  time  it  was 
quite  imcertain  what  action  the  government  would 
take  in  reference  to  the  resenation.  In  a  chap- 
ter of  the  county  history  will  be  found  an  account 
of  the  measures  taken  to  secure  the  claims  by  the 
settlers.  In  the  spring  of  18.5o.  all  apprehension 
was  removed  by  the  favorable  decision  of  Con- 
gi-ess.  and  in  April  the  claimants  were  able  to 
prove  up  and  obtain  undisputed  title.  Previously 
the  settlers  had  been  subjected  to  trouble  and  ex- 
pense. Money  had  to  be  contributed  to  protect 
their  rights  ;  clubs  and  claim  associations  were 
organized  for  the  same  purpose.  These  associa- 
tions had  committees  before  whom  conflicting 
claimants  presented  their  causes  for  arbitration, 
and  from  their  decision  there  was  no  appeal,  for 
the  very  weakness  of  the  settlers  led  them  to  in- 
stitute strong  measures,  and  where  an\  sliowed 
signs  of  making  trouble,  it  is  said  a  rope  attached 
to  the  limb  of  a  tree  was  shown  the  mischief- 
maker.     The  result  was  submission  to  the  rules 


BUILDING  HOUSES— MILLS. 


377 


of  the  association.  To  claim-jumpers  no  quarter 
was  given. 

To  lion.  Heiuy  M.  Rice,  delegate  to  congress 
from  the  territory,  and  to  citizens  who  went  to 
Wasliington  to  aid  in  the  matter,  was  due  the 
passage  of  the  bill  which  secured  the  rights  of 
pre-emption  to  tlie  settlers.  After  all  was  settled 
and  claimants  had  secured  their  homes,  prosjierity 
began.  Claims  changed  hands,  and  new  men 
came  in,  bringing  money.  This  was  the  time  to 
judge  of  the  character  of  men.  All  were  pros- 
perous, and  many  a  poor  dog  who  had  never  had 
money  before,  strutted  about  with  liis  coat  pock- 
ets full  of  gold,  presenting  a  twenty-dollar  piece 
to  pay  for  a  cigar.  Thus  the  fool  and  his  money 
soon  parted,  while  wiser  men  used  the  prosperous 
days  to  prepare  for  the  hard  times  to  follow. 
Hard  times  came  soon,  finding  few  thoroughly 
enough  hedged  to  tide  over. 

The  first  survey  was  made  by  William  R. 
Marshall  in  18.54,  l)ut  the  tirst  record  of  survey 
was  filed  August  2d,  l.s.5.5,  Wilham  R.  Marshall, 
surveyor,  changed  by  Heman  C.  Smith.  This 
was  on  sections  25  and  26.  Next,  May  13th,  1856, 
Atwater's  addition  was  recorded.  Next,  June 
19th,  1856,  Mon-ison,  Smith  and  Hancock's  addi- 
tion. These  additions  were  surveyed  by  H.  Clay- 
ton Smith.  Murphy's  addition  was  sinveyed 
July  7th,  1857,  by  Smith  and  Carleton. 

In  the  fall  of  18.55  more  than  one  hundred 
houses  had  been  built,  and  to  quote  from  the  pa- 
pers of  the  day,  "Some  would  do  credit,  both  in 
structure  and  durability,  to  the  city  of  New 
York.''  The  boom  of  progress  was  checked  and 
brought  to  a  stand  Ijy  the  financial  crisis  of  1857. 
Fabulous  rates  of  interest  were  paid  by  even  the 
best  men,  and  disaster  followed.  The  fortunes 
which  seemed  already  in  tlie  grasp  of  many, 
treacherouslv  slipped  away  and  passed  into  the 
hands  of  others,  and  in  this  way  some  of  the 
first  claimants,  who  were  entitled  to,  and  were 
worthy  of,  the  highest  rewards  came  out  poor. 
It  was  long  thought  Ijy  the  leading  citizens  of  St. 
Anthony  that  their  neighbor,  Minneapolis,  would 
become  only  a  valuable  suburb  of  their  city,  as 
the  natural  conformation  of  the  land  and  the  di- 
vision of  the  river  by  islands  favored  the  St. 
Anthony  side.  At  first  all  the  business  except 
farming  was  on  the  east  side,  but  October  8th, 
1853,  Mr.  Chambers  opened  the  "Pioneer  Store" 


in  a  building  on  Bridge  Square  belonging  to  Mr. 
J.  II.  Stevens,  and  the  following  year  several 
more  were  built. 

In  1854,  the  township  of  Minneapolis  was  sup- 
posed to  contain  nearly  one  thousand  inhabitants 
and  had  one  newspaper,  the  Northwestern  Dem- 
ocrat; one  physician.  Dr.  A.  E.  Ames;  two  firms 
of  lawyers,  Cornell  and  Hanson,  and  Atwater 
and  Jones;  religious  services  were  instituteji  by 
the  Presliyterians,  Baptists  and  Methodists. 

During  this  year  a  land  office  was  established 
with  M.  L.  Olds  register,  and  R.  P.  Russell  re- 
ceiver. JSIessrs.  Olds  and  Russell  held  their 
offices  until  1857,  w'hen  the  land  office  was 
removed  to  Forest  City.  At  one  time  there  was 
a  great  rush  of  business  at  this  office,  and  from 
§50(1  to  820,000  was  paid  over  in  a  single  day. 
It  may  be  recorded  here  that  at  the  time  of  the 
Sioux  outbreak  in  1862,  the  land  office  was 
again  located  at  Minneapolis,  with  Dana  E.  King 
register,  and  Mr.  Jordan  receiver.  In  1863  Dr. 
H.  Fletcher,  was  appointed  receiver,  and  in  the 
winter  of  1864,  B.  F.  Baker  register.  In  1866, 
the  office  was  again  removed  to  Forest  City. 

In  1854,  one  saw  mill,  and  the  first  in  Minne- 
apolis, aside  from  the  old  government  mill,  was 
located  just  below  the  falls,  with  a  capacity  of 
l,.500,0(io  feet  per  annum,  besides  a  large  amount 
of  shingles.  The  mill  was  running  under  the 
direction  of  C.  King.  A  contract  was  entered 
into  in  1855,  by  Messrs.  Bassett  and  Canney  with 
Messrs.  Pomeroy  and  Bates  mill  Viuilders,  for  the 
erection  of  a  steam  saw-mill  at  the  mouth  of 
Bassett's  creek,  which  empties  into  the  Missis- 
sippi about  half  a  mile  al)ove  the  suspension 
Ijridge,  beginning  the  following  spring.  This 
mill  was  completed  tlie  following  year,  and  its 
capacity  was  estimated  at  from  five  to  ten  mil- 
lion feet  per  annum.  Another  mill  was  erected 
the  following  year,  1857,  half  a  mile  above  the 
last,  by  A.  Wolcott  &  Co.,  with  an  estimated  ca- 
pacity of  30,000  feet  per  day. 

The  estimated  capacity  of  all  the  mills  at  the 
falls  built  and  building  in  1857,  was  from  60,000,- 
000  to  75,000,000  feet  per  anniuu.  Thus  began 
the  great  lumber  business  of  Minneapolis.  In 
another  part  of  this  history  we  shall  see  to  what 
an  extent  it  has  since  developed.  In  1853,  Thos. 
Chambers's  store  on  Bridge  Square  was  tlie  only 
store  in  Minneapolis,  and  this  was   burned    in 


378 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


April  of  the  following  year,  but  was  rebuilt  on 
•■Hennepin  street."  In  18.54  nine  stores  are  re- 
ported, Ciiambers",  Messrs.  I.  I.  Lewis  &  Co.'s, 
\V.  D.  Babbitt's.  Samuel  Hidden "s,  Jackins  & 
Wright's.  Dr.  II.  Fletelier  and  James  B.  ilills". 
Wan-en  Sampson's,  Tufts,  Reynolds  &  Wliite- 
raore's.  Dane  &  Calif's,  hardware.  In  ISoo,  this 
number  had  increased  to  seventeen,  seven  gen- 
eral^one  dry  goods  and  clothing,  one  fancy  and 
staple  dry  goods,  one  clothing,  two  hardware, 
two  drug,  one  book  and  two  jeweby  and  watch 
stores.  Besides  these  were  painters,  carriage 
and  sleigh  makers,  blacksmiths,  boot  and  shoe 
makers,  gunsmitb,  tailor,  bakery  and  harness 
maker.  We  lind  three  land  agents,  one  news- 
paper, one  hotel,  two  livery  stables,  two  brick 
yards,  one  saw-mill.  Four  ehiu-cbes  bad  been 
organized.  First  Presbyterian.  Baptist,  Free  Bap- 
tist and  Methodist  Episcopal.  Two  of  these  had 
houses  of  worehip,  Presl)yterian  and  Free  Bap- 
tist. Societies  were  represented  by  the  Free- 
masons and  Odd  Fellows,  and  schools  by  a  Cen- 
tral University  and  one  district  school. 

Following  the  year  ISoo,  and  the  reduction  of 
the  reservation,  whicb  enabled  settlers  to  obtain 
perfect  titles  to  their  lands,  tlie  growth  of  the 
west  side  was  as  remarkable  as  that  of  the  east. 
In  1857,  the  population  was  estimated  at  two 
tho\isand.  an  increase  in  the  village  of  eighteen 
hundred  in  t\\o  years.  The  coin-t-liouse  was  then 
building;  the  United  States  Land  Ottice  was  located 
here  ;  a  twelve  thousand  dollar  school-house  was 
in  procress  of  erection;  the  Presbyterian,  Free 
Will  Baptist  and  Episcojwl  societies  had  church 
eiUtices.  ilany  elegant  private  residences  were 
also  to  be  seen  on  both  the  east  and  west  sides, 
and  both  cities  wei-e  enjoying  great  prosperity. 
A  board  of  trade  had  been  organized,  composed 
of  the  leading  business  men  of  both  cities,  and 
the  union  of  St.  Anthony  and  jNIinneaiiolis  was 
already  looked  forward  to  as  a  probai.le  and  desi- 
rable event. 

In  Minneapolis  at  this  time  were  forty-two 
business  places,  a  number  of  real-estate  dealere, 
several  hotels  and  boarding  houses,  one  printing 
oflBee,  three  surveyors,  four  physicians  and  ten 
lawyers,  a  furniture  factory  opened  in  1854, 
by  B.  E.  Messer,  Francis  Sampson  and  Major 
Craft,  to  which  was  added  the  manufacture  of 
wagons,  sleighs,  etc. 


In  1858  Minneapolis,  in  accordance  with  an  act 
of  legislature  approved  ilarcli  1st.  1856.  organ- 
ized a  town  government  witli  a  coimcil.  Hon.  II. 
T.  Welles  was  elected  president. 

The  l)Oundariesof  the  town  of  Minneapolis,  as 
described  in  the  act  of  incorporation,  were:  lie- 
guining  at  a  point  on  the  Mississippi  Kiver  where 
the  line  between  sections  10  and  15  intersects  the 
river,  thence  west  on  said  line  between  sections 
10  and  15  to  the  north-west  corner  of  section 
15.  thence  south  on  section  line  to  the  south-west 
corner  of  section  27.  thence  east  on  the  south  line 
of  sections  27,  26  and  25  to  the  ^Mississippi  Kiver, 
tlience  up  said  river  to  the  place  .of  beginning. 

The  flret  session  of  the  coimcil  was  held  Jidy 
20th,  1858.  Mr.  Welles  presiding.  Councillors 
elected  in  the  several  wards  were:  Isaac  I.  Lewis, 
first  ward;  Charles  Hoag.  second  ward;  William 
Garland,  third  ward;  Edwm  Iledderly.  fourth 
ward;  Mr.  Todd,  clerk,  (i.  Ilemy  Hamilton  aft- 
envard  became  clerk  and  Mr.  Morrison  l)ecame 
councillor  in  place  of  Mr.  Lewis. 

In  1859  a  new  coimcil  was  elected.  Cyrus 
Breeaer,  President;  Councillors,  J.  O.  Weld,  R. 
H.  Petti  t  N.  S  Walker  and  H.  E.  Maim;  Mr. 
Hamilton.  Clerk  to  November  2Sth.  when,  in 
consecjuence  of  his  resignation.  O.  L.  Savory  was 
elected.  This  board  continued  until  ISBl .  wlien 
a  new  board  was  elected. 

At  the  session  of  the  legislature  of  1862  the 
charter  of  incorporation  was  repealed  in  compli- 
ance with  the  demand  of  the  citizens,  who  found 
the  expense  of  the  experiment  too  great  for  them 
to  bear,  ^nd  ilinneajiolis  was  placed  back  under 
the  to\\'nship  organization. 

In  1864,  the  legislature  passed  an  act  giving 
town  lioards  new  powers.  Under  this  act  S.  II. 
Mattison,  Judge  E.  B.  Ames  and  Miles  Hills 
composed  the  board,  with  Thomas  W.  Hale, 
Clerk.  Colonel  C.  Aldrich,  George  A.  Brackett 
and  O.  M.  Laraway  followed,  succeeded  by  Judge 
E.  S.  Jones,  J.  M.  Eustis  and  U.  P.  Russell. 

In  February.  1867,  the  City  of  Minneapolis  was 
mcorporated  by  act  of  legislature. 

Minneapohs  and  St.  Anthony  were  imited  bj' 
an  act  of  legislature,  approved  Febuary  28th, 
1872,  and  on  the  9th  of  April,  the  union  was 
completed  by  the  organization  of  the  new  city" 
council.  For  some  time  after  the  consolidation 
of  the  two  cities,  harmony  did  not  exist  m  the 


TEMPERANCE  AGITATION. 


379 


council.  Many  of  the  citizens  of  St.  Antliony  re- 
gretted tlie  change  wliicli  gave  their  city  a  new 
name  and  destroyed  its  individuahty.  Each  di- 
vision assumed  its  f)\vn  linancial  management  so 
far  as  pertained  to  contracts  existing  previous  to 
consolidation,  and  each  maintained  its  own  schools, 
levying,  collecting  and  dislinrsing  its  school  funds 
as  before. 

Two  or  three  years  before  the  iniion,  an  un- 
successful attempt  was  made  to  olitain  a  vote  to 
purchase  xs  icollet  Island  for  a  i)ark,  and  grounds 
for  the  public  buildings  of  the  county.  It  has 
since  been  a  matter  of  general  regret  to  the  citi- 
zens of  ^linneapolis,  that  this  project,  which 
would  have  added  so  much  to  the  attraction  of 
the  citv,  was  not  successfullv  carried  out. 


CHAPTER  LXI. 


POLITICAL  HISTORY  OF  ST.  ANTHONY — FIRST 
COUNCIL— TEMPERANCE  MEETING — SALARIES 
— LIST  OF  OFFICERS — CONSOLIDATION. 

On  the  13th  day  of  .Vpril,  18o.5,  the  first  coun- 
cil of  the  city  of  St.  Anthony  was  convened  with 
the  following  officers  present:  II.  T.  Welles, 
Mayor;  Orth,  Spencer.  Stanchfield,  Lippincott, 
Dorr  and  Cummhigs,  Aldermen.  Edward  L. 
Hall  was  chosen  clerk  pro  tem.  and  the  official 
oath  was  administered  to  the  Mayor  and  Alder- 
men. St.  Anthony  was  thus  enrolled  among  the 
cities  of  the  West.  W.  F.  Brawley  was  elected 
city  clerk  for  the  term  of  one  year,  after  which 
the  Aldermen  drew  by  lot  for  the  one  and  two 
year  terms  with  the  following  result.  First  ward, 
Benjamin  N.  Spencer,  one  year,  John  Orth,  two 
years.  Second  ward,  Daniel  Stanchfield,  one 
year,  Edwin  Lippincott,  two  years.  Third  ward, 
Caleb  D.  Dorr,  one  year,  Robert  W.  Cummings, 
two  years.  The  usual  committees  were  then  ap- 
pointed by  the  Ma\or.  and  the  first  session  of 
the  council  of  St.  Anthony  closed.  At  the  next 
session,  April  14th,  the  followuig  day,  the  comi- 
cil  proceeded  to  elect  the  following  officers:  Ira 
Kiugsley,  Treasurer;  S.  W.  Farnham,  Assessor; 


Benjamin  Brown,  Marshal;  E.  L.  Hall,  Citj-  At- 
torney; E.  B.  Nash,  Collector  of  taxes;  Isaac 
Gilpatrick,  Supervisor  of  streets.  Mr.  Farnham 
declined  the  office  of  assessor,  and  May  7th,  Mr. 
Brott  was  elected  in  his  stead.  At  a  subsequent 
meeting  April  23d,  C.  B.  Chapman  was  elected 
City-  Surveyor,  and  at  a  meeting  still  later,  Lard- 
ner  Bostwick  was  elected  City  Justice.  Alder- 
man Cummings  was  authorized  to  lease  a  room 
for  the  use  of  the  council. 

Proposals  for  printing  were  received  fiom  C. 
G.  Ames  of  the  St.  Anthony  Express,  and  G.  D. 
Bowman  of  the  Northwestern  Democrat.  In 
consequence  of  a  tie  vote  on  the  proposals,  the 
Mayor  gave  the  casting  vote  in  favor  of  the  Dem- 
ocrat, which  paper  by  this  means  obtained  the 
city  printing.  The  first  petition  brought  before 
the  city  council  was  from  G.  E.  II.  Day  and 
others  for  the  suppression  of  the  sale  of  intoxi- 
cating liquors  on  the  Sabbath,  and  was  referred 
to  Aldermen  Stanchfield  and  Cummings,  com- 
mittee on  licenses.  On  their  recommendation  a 
meeting  of  citizens  was  called  at  the  school-house 
in  the  third  ward,  April  19th,  in  order  to 
give  the  friends  of  temperance  a.  fair  hearing 
upon  the  subject  of  the  petition.  At  this  gather- 
ing a  petition  was  presented  by  Mrs.  King, 
signed  by  a  large  number  of  ladies,  praying  the 
council  to  proliibit  the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors 
within  the  city  limits.  The  meeting  was  ad- 
dressed by  Messrs.  Nourse,  North,  and  Rev.  Mr. 
Creighton,  and  considerable  feeling  was  mani- 
fested. The  petition  was  referred  to  the  commit- 
tee on  licenses.  The  result  of  the  agitation  was  an 
ordinance  fixing  licenses  at  fifty  dollars  per  year, 
no  license  to  l)e  issued  for  a  period  less  than  one 
year,  attaching  moderate  penalties  to  the  selling 
of  licjuors  without  license.  Gambling  was  for- 
bidden, drunkenness  and  fighting  prohibited,  and 
dealers  strictly  forl)idden  keeping  their  saloons 
open  on  the  Sabbath,  or  later  than  ten  o'clock  in 
the  evening  during  the  week.  Ortlinances  for 
the  government  of  the  city  were  adopted  April 
23d.  Salaries  were  fixed  for  Mayor,  $200  per 
year;  Aldermen,  SlOO ;  Marshal,  $300;  City  At- 
torney. $2.50;  Clerk,  S32o,  and  three  per  cent,  on 
all  taxes  collected,  as  eom])ensation  for  services 
!  of  collector.  The  bonds  required  were,  of 
j  Treasurer,  $5,000 ;  ^Vssessor,  $.500 ;  Collector, 
i  $5,000;  Supervisor  of  Streets,  $500;  Clerk,  $500; 


380 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Cit)'  Attorney.  SoOO ;  Surveyor.  S300;  Mai-sbal, 
$5,000. 

A  watch-house  Wfis  authorized  and  built  Sep- 
tember 1st.  wliere  now  is  tlie  fonier  of  Seventh 
street  and  Central  Avenue.  About  four  years 
since,  the  old  watch-house  was  sold  to  private 
individuals.  Several  changes  took  place  in  the 
officers  the  first  year.  Ira  Kingsley  resigned  and 
was  succeeded  by  Z.  E.  B.  Nash;  Isaac  Gilpat- 
rick  resigned  and  was  succeeded  by  W.  H.  To%\ti- 
send;  G.  F.  Brott  in  like  manner  was  succeeded 
by  J.  B.  Gilbert;  H.  Hechtman  was  appointed 
supervisor  of  streets  in  place  of  W.  fl.  Town- 
send,  who  resigned,  and  Xovember  12th,  Mr. 
Hechtman  was  succeeded  by  J.  M.  Brewer.  Oc- 
tober 29th,  Benjamin  Brown  tendered  his  res- 
ignation as  marshal  and  collector,  and  Novem- 
ber 12th  Setli  Turner  was  appointed  in  his  stead. 
The  offices  of  marshal  and  collector  were  so  far 
combined  as  to  be  vested  in  the  same  officer, 
who  received  a  stated  salar>-  as  marshal  and  a 
percentage  as  collector. 

At  the  first  regular  meeting  of  the  council  fol- 
lowing the  election  of  April  7th.  1856,  a  resolu- 
tion was  offered  and  passed,  dispensnig  with  sala- 
ries of  ilayor  and  Aldermen,  and  combining  the 
offices  of  Clerk  and  Comptroller  and  fixing  the 
salarj'  at  §225  per  anmmi.  At  the  same  meeting 
an  effort  was  made  to  elect  the  several  officers  to 
be  chosen  by  the  council,  Vmt  without  success. 
A  struggle  ensued  and  bitter  feeling  was  engen- 
dered. The  meeting  adjourned,  but  the  wrath 
was  nm-sed  and  kept  warm  to  break  out  in  a  new 
war  at  the  next  meeting,  April  19th,  when  it  was 
carried  so  far  as  to  declare  the  :Mayor  out  of  order 
and  elect  one  of  the  dissenting  ^Vldermen  chair- 
man. Again  they  adjourned  without  acct)mplish- 
ing  any  business,  but  at  a  meeting  held  JSIay  oth. 
oil  was  poured  on  the  ti-oubled  waters  and  the 
election  of  otficere  proceeded.  It  was  also  voted 
to  occupy  the  office  of  Lardner  Bostivick  as  coun- 
cil room.  In  August  following,  the  ordinance, 
comliming  the  offices  of  Marshal  and  Collector 
was  repealed.  In  March.  1857.  the  city  was 
divided  into  four  wards.  Following  the  election 
of  April,  1857.  the  offices  of  Assessor  and  Super- 
visor of  Streets  were  sep:irated.  May  31st.  1858, 
the  first  police  force  was  organized,  to  consist  of 
the  City  Marshal  and  such  policemen  as  may  from 
time  to  time  be  appointed  by  the  Council.    The 


orduiance  provided  that  the  Mayor  should  be  at 
the  head  of  the  police  department,  and  that  the 
Aldermen  should  co-operate  with  the  Mayor  in 
enforcing  the  laws,  and  should  have  power  to 
make  arrests  either  with  or  without  process. 

CITY  OFFICERS  OF   ST.  AXTHONY. 

The  fii'st  Council  organized  April  13th.  1855 — 
H.  T.  Welles,  Mayor;  Aldermen :  first  ward, 
Benjamin  N.  Spencer,  one  year.  John  Orth.  two 
yeare;  second  ward.  Daniel  Stanchfield.  one  year. 
Edward  Lippincott.  two  yeare:  third  ward.  Ca- 
leb D.  Dorr,  one  year,  Eobert  W.  Cummings.  two 
years.  Oflicers  appomted  by  the  Council  were, 
W.  F.  Brawle\ .  City  Clerk:  Ira  Kingsley.  Treas- 
xner:  S.  V,'.  Farnham.  Assessor;  Benjamin  Brown, 
Marshal;  E.  L.  Hall.  City  Attorney;  Isaac  Gil- 
patrick.  Supervisor  of  Streets:  E.  B.  Nash,  Col- 
lector of  Taxes;  C.  B.  Chapman.  City  Suneyor: 
L.  Bostwiek,  City  Justice.  Appointments,  mostly 
to  fill  vacancies,  occun-ing  durbig  the  year  were. 
G.  F.  lirott.  Assessor;  lienjamin  Brown.  Collect- 
or: E.  B.  Nash,  Weigh  Master;  Z.  E.  B.  Nash , 
Treasurer;  W.  H.  Townsend,  Supervisor  of 
Streets;  J.  B.  Gilbert,  Assessor;  H.  Hechtman, 
Supervisor  of  Streets,  soon  succeeded  by  J.  M. 
Brewer;  Seth  Turner,  Marshal  and  Collector. 

First  regular  election  April  7th,  1856,  Alvaren 
Allen,  Mayor:  Aldermen.  William  Fewer,  fii-st 
ward;  A.  D.  Foster,  second  wiud;  David  A.  Se- 
combe,  tliird  ward.  Appointed  officers,  W.  F. 
Brawley,  Clerk  and  Comptroller:  Richard  Fewer, 
Treasurer:  Seth  Turner,  Assessor  and  Supervisor 
of  Streets;  J.  Chapman,  Marshal  and  Collector; 
J.  S.  Demmon.  City  Attorney:  J.  M.  Brewer.  Su- 
penisor:  Lardner  Bostwiek.  City  Justice.  Sub- 
sequent appomtments — Seth  Turner  resigned, 
succeeded  by  J.  M.  Brewer,  and  he  by  Henry 
Whipple;  Seth  Turner,  Marehal  and  Collector:  D. 
B.  Dorman.  Treasurer.  August  12th  the  oriU- 
nance  combining  the  offices  of  ilarshal  and  Col- 
lector was  repealed,  and  L.  W.  Strattou  was 
appointed  Collector.  Mayor  Allen  resigned  and 
D.  A.  Secombe,  ilayor  prn  tern.,  served  out  the 
term.  AVilliam  Lochren,  City  Attorney,  in  place 
of  Demmon,  resigned. 

Second  election,  April  6th.  1857.  Ke-division of 
city  in  four  wards.  Wm.  W.  Wales,  Mayor;  Al- 
dermen— Daniel  Knoblauch,  first  ward;  L.  W. 
Johnson,  second;  William  McIIerron,  third;  John 


OFFICIAL  EOSTER  OF  S2\  ANTHONY. 


381 


C.  Johnson,  fourth.  Appointed  officers — W.  F. 
Brawley,  Clerk  and  Comptroller;  N.  Kellogg, 
Assessor;  L.  AV.  Stratton,  Collector;  J.  M.  Brewer, 
Supervisor,  soon  succeeded  by  W.  A.  Rowell;  G. 

A.  Nourse,  Attorney;  H.  S.  Temple,  Marshal. 
May  22d,  18.57,  A.  D.  Foster,  Alderman,  re- 
signed. March  22d,  1858,  Moses  Whittier  ap 
pointed  Supervisor  in  place  of  Rowell  resigned. 
Special  election  April  2oth,  1857.  William  Du- 
gas.  Alderman,  flrst  ward.  He  resigned  March 
22d,  1858. 

Third  election,  April  5th,  1858.  Onin  Curtis, 
Mayor;  Aldermen,  Daniel  Knoblauch,  first  ward; 
James  Crowe,  second,  for  one  year;  George  W. 
Thurber,  second,  for  two  years;  James  McMullen, 
tliird;  R.  W.  Cimimings.  fourth.  Appointed  offi- 
cers— W.  F.  Brawley,  Clerk:  Moses  AVhittier,  Su- 
pervisor; H.  S.  Temple,  Marshal;  L.  W.  Stratton, 
Collecton  O.  Curtis,  Treasurer;  D.  M.  Dem- 
mon.  Attorney;  C.  H.  Snow,  Surveyor;  E.  W. 
Cutler,  Assessor;  July  6th,  John  Armstrong, 
Marshal.  Fire  Department— D.  B.  Dorman, 
Chief  Engineer;  B.  W.  Cummings,  First  Assist- 
ant; S.  W.  Farnham,  Second  Assistant. 

Fourth  election,  April  16th,  1859.  O.  Curtis, 
Mayor;  Aldermen — Henry  Hechtman,  first  ward; 
William  Lochren,  second;  John  Pomero>-.  third; 
Benjamin  Parker,  fourth.  Appointed  officers — 
W.   W.  Wales,  Clerk;  C.  D.  Dorr,  Assessor;  D. 

B.  Dorman,  Assistant  Assessor;  Moses  Whit- 
tier, Supervisor  of  Streets;  James  White.  Assist- 
ant; Franklin  Cook,  Surveyor;  2^.  H.  Hemiup, 
Attorney;  John  Armstrong,  Marshal.  June  29th, 
John  Orth,  Alderman,  first  ward,  in  place  of 
Knoblauch,  resigned.  December  21st,  Lardner 
Bostwick,  City  Justice,  resigned. 

Fifth  election,  April  2d,  1860.  R.  B.  Graves, 
Mayor;  Aldermen— E.  W.  Cutler,  fhst  ward,  one 
year;  Henry  Hechtman,  two  years;  Richard  Few- 
er, second,  one  year;  William  Lochren,  two  years; 
O.  T.  Leavitt.  third,  one  year;  Charles  Crawford, 
two  years;  J.  S.  Pillsbury,  fourth,  one  year;  J. 
H.  Murphy,  two  years. 

Appointed  officers— W.  W.  Wales,  Clerk;  John 
Babcock,  Treasurer;  David  Edwards,  Assessor; 
J.  11.  Noble,  Marshal;  J.  B.  Gilfillan,  Attorney; 
W.  A.  Townsend,  Supervisor;  J.  A.  Armstrong, 
Collector;  Charles  Henry  and  Solon  Armstrong, 
Justices  of  the  Peace;  D.  Schofield  and  W.  :Mo1- 
itor.  Constables;  E.  S.  Brown,  Chief  of  Fire  De- 


partment.   December  8th,  1860,  A.  Rowell,  Col- 
lector, vice,  J.  A.  Armstrong. 

Sixth  election,  April  .3d,  1861.  O.  C.  Merri- 
man.  Mayor;  Aldermen — Peter  Weingart,  first 
ward;  Richard  Fewer,  second  ward:  O.  T.  Swett, 
third  ward;  J.  S.  Pillsbury,  fourth  ward.  Ap- 
pointed officers,  W.  W.  Wales,  Clerk;  D.  B.  Dor- . 
man.  Treasurer,  succeeded  by  John  Babcock; 
David  Edwards,  Assessor;  J  H.  Noble,  Marshal; 
J.  B.  Gilfillan,  Attorney;  Charles  T.  Stinson,  Su- 
pervisor; William  Lashells.  Constable. 

June  17tli,  N.  H.  Hemiup,  Collector,  vice 
Rowell,  resigned;  Dan  M.  Demmon,  Alderman, 
second  ward,  vice  AV'illiam  Lochren,  resigned; 
John  Dunham,  Chief  of  Fire  Department;  July 
2nd,  R.  P.  (iraves,  Treasurer,  vice  Babcock  re- 
signed; September  16tli,  W.  H.  Chamberlain, 
Chief  of  Fire  Department,  vice  Dunham;  Decem- 
ber 4th,  1861,  David  Edwards,  Collector,  vice 
Hemiup  resigned. 

Seventh  election  April,  1862.-  Records  from 
April  1865,  to  June,  are  missing,  and  it  is 
•probable  there  are  omissions  in  consequence. 
O.  C.  Merriman.  Mayor;  Aldermen,  includ- 
ing those  liolding  over,  J.  S.  Pillsbury,  Dan 
M.  Demmon,  Richard  Fewer,  Peter  Weingart, 
Andrews,  Blakeman,  Beruhard.  T.  M.  Bohan; 
Charles  F.  Simms  to  fill  vacancy. 

Appointed  officers,  W.  W.  Wales,  City  Clerk; 
D.  Edwards.  Assessor;  William  Lashells,  Super- 
visor; E.  Lippincott,  Marshal,  vice  Noble,  re- 
signed. 

Eighth  election  April  7th,  1863.  E.  S.  Brown, 
Mayor;  Aldermen,  W.  JI.  Lasliells,  first  ward, 
two  years;  J.  L.  Newman,  second  ward,  two 
years,  Charles  F.  Simms,  third  ward,  two  years; 
S.  W.  Farnham,  fourth  ward,  two  years.  Ap- 
pointed officers.  W.  W.  ^Vales.  City  Clerk;  E. 
Ortman,  Treasurer;  D.  Edwards,  Assessor;  N.  U. 
Miner,  Attorney;  William  Fewer.  City  Justice, 
vice  Charles  Henry;  M.  B.  Rollins,  Marshal;  John 
McxVuliff,  Constable,  vice  D.  Schofield;  D.  Ed- 
wards, Supervisor.  June  11th,  E.  Lippincott, 
Chief  engineer,  vice  W.  H.  Chamberlain,  resign- 
ed; May  6th,  E.  Lippincott,  City  ^larshal,  vice 
Rollins,  not  having  qualified.  August  loth,  Dan 
2iL  Demmon,  City  Clerk,  vice  AV.  W.  Wales,  re- 
signed; Baldwin  Brow-n,  Alderman,  second  ward, 
vice  Dan  M.  Demmon.  resigned;  October  8th,  Jo- 
seph Van  Emau,  Collector. 


382 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Ninth  election  April  5th.  1864.  O.  C.  Merri- 
man.  Mayor:  Aldermen,  T.  M.  Bohau.  first  ward; 
L.  B.  Schrum.  sepoiul;  T.  J.  Tuttle.  third:  W.  F. 
Cahill.  fourth.  Appointed  officers.  Dan  M.  Dem- 
mon,  Cit>  Clerk;  James  A.  Lovejo\ .  Treasurer; 
David  Edwards,  Assessor:  Edw.  Lippmcott, 
Mai-shal:  Dan  M.  Demnion  and  William  Spooner. 
Justices  of  the  Peace;  W.  M.  Lashells  and  Edw. 
Lippuicott,  Constables.  May  14th.  George  Rich- 
ards. Siiper\isor:  June  7th.  E.  ^y.  Cutler.F Alder- 
man, tliiid  ward,  to  lill  vacancy;  Jinie  14th.  Isaac 
Crovre,  Alderman,  third  ward,  viceL.  B.  Schrum, 
resigned:  November  19th.  John  il.  Cushing.  Su- 
pervisor, vice  Richards,  deceased:  January  6th. 
1865,  J.  M.  Sheplierd.  previously  appomted  Mar- 
shal, to  fill  vacancy,  resigned. 

Tenth  election  April.  1865.  AVilliam  \\'.  A\"ales. 
Mayor:  Aldermen,  Louis  "V'orwerk.  first  ward: 
John  M.  Cushing.  second:  Elijah  Moulton.  thml; 
WilUam  Gleason,  fourth.  Appointed  officers, 
Dan  M.  Demmon.  City  Clerk:  James  A.  Lovejoy, 
Treasurer:  G.  G.  Loomis,  Assessor;  J.  F.  Butter- 
field,  Justice,  to  fill  vacancy;  M.  AV.  Getchell, 
Marshal.  May  16th.  J.  S.  Lane.  Chief  Engineer 
Fire  Department:  W.  A.  Rowel!,  first  assistant: 
Peter  Thielen.  second:  :May  19th,  D.  P.  Spafford. 
Supervisor,  succeeded  by  L.  D.  AVhite;  M.  W. 
Getchell,  Assessor,  ^•ice  Loomis,  deceased:  Octo- 
ber 7th.  L.  D.  White.  Super\-isor  resigned,  suc- 
ceeded by  David  Van  Deren. 

Eleventh  election,  April  3d,  1866— O.  C.  Mem- 
man.  Mayor;  Aldermen:  Hubert  Weber,  first 
ward;  L.  B.  Schrum,  second  ward;  Thomas  J. 
Tuttle,  third  ward;  John  A.  Armstrong,  fourth 
ward.  Appointed  officei-s — Dan  M.  Demmon, 
City  Clerk:  Samuel  H.  Chute.  Treasurer:  Da^id 
Edwards,  Assessor;  Dan  il.  Demmon  and  Charles 
Henry.  Justices  for  two  years:  John  iL  Cushing 
and  William  Spooner.  Constables  for  two  years; 
May  22d.  William  Lochren.  Citj-  Attorney;  JiUy 
13th,  M.  W.  Getchell,  Marshal,  holding  over,  re- 
signed; Joseph  Van  Eman.  Supervisor,  resigned 
July  19th. 

Twelfth  election,  April  2d,  1867—0.  C.  Merri- 
man.  Mayor;  Aldermen:  T.  M.  Bohan,  first 
ward;  Gilbert  B.  Dake,  second  ward:  James  S. 
Lane,  tliiid  ward:  George  D.  Perkins,  fourth 
ward.  Appomted  officers— Dan  M.  Demmon, 
City  Clerk;  Edw.  S.  Brown,  Treasurer;  Peter 
Thielen,  Assessor;  William  Lochieu,  Attorney; 


Anson  Xorthrup.  Supervisor;  Michael  Hoy.  Mar- 
shal; Chaiies  Lamby,  City  Justice  for  one  year; 
William  M.  Lashells  and  John  Abel,  Constables 
for  one  year. 

Thirteenth  election,  ApiH  7tb,186S— Wintlnop 
Young,  Mayor;  Aldermen:  Nicholas  Riseh,  first 
ward:  L.  B.  Scrum,  second  ward:  J.  B.  Gilfillan. 
thud  ward,  full  term;  D.  M.  Demmon,  third 
ward,  to  fill  vacancy;  James  A.  Lovejoy,  fourth 
ward.  Appointed  officers — WilUam  Lochren.  City 
Clerk:  E.  S.  Brown.  Treasurer:  Peter  Thielen, 
Assessor:  Michael  Hoy.  Marshal;  W.  W.  Wood- 
bury and  Charles  Lamby.  Justices;  Hem\v  Wei- 
malt  and  John  Abel.  Constables;  Jmie  2d, 
ilichael  Hoy.  Supervisor;  B.  M.  Van  Alstine, 
Chief  Engineer  File  Department.  James  McMul- 
len  and  BaklTvin  Bro\sii,  Assistants;  March  16th, 
Peter  Thielen.  City  Clerk,  vice  William  Lochren. 

Fomteenth  election,  April  6th.  ]869-"\V.  W.  :Mc- 
Nair,  Mayor;  Aldermen:  T.  M.  Bohan,  first  ward; 
Patrick  Kennedy,  second  ward:  !M.  W.  Getchell, 
third  ward:  J.  M.  Pomeroy.  fourth  ward.  Ap- 
pointed officers— Peter  Thielen,  Cit)'  Clerk;  E.  S. 
Bro\vn.  Treasurer;  C.  F.  Smith,  Assessor;  Will- 
iam Lochren,  Attorney;  Michael  Hoy,  Marshal; 
May  4th,  D.  M.  Demmon.  Chief  Engmeer  Fire 
Department.  Robert  Hasty  and  Leonard  C.  Smith, 
Assistants:  ^lay  6th.  Michael  Hoy.  Supervisor  of 
Stieets.  with  authority  to  appoint  an  assistant. 

Fifteenth  election,  April  oth,  1870- W.  AV,  Mc- 
Nau-,  Mayor;  Aldermen:  Phillip  Pick,  first  ward; 
G.  B.  Dake.  second  ward:  S.  H.  Chute,  third 
ward:  Thomas  Moulton,  fourth  ward.  Appouit- 
ed  officers— Peter  Thielen,  City  Clerk;  E.  Ort- 
man.  Treasurer;  L.  C.  Smith.  Assistant  Treas- 
urer: J.  B.  Gilfillan,  Attomev;  Michael  Hoy, 
Marshal;  AVilliam  M.  Lashells  and  P.  J.  Thielen, 
Justices;  John  Merchant  and  Michael  Ryan,  Con- 
stables: May  3d,  F.  H.  Warueke.  Supervisor. 

Sixteenth  and  last  election.  April  7tli.  1871 — E. 
S.  Brown;  Mayor,  Aldermen:  T.  M.  Bohau,  first 
ward;  Patrick  Kennedy,  second  ward;  M,  W. 
Getchell.  third  ward:  Charles  F.  Smith,  fourth 
ward.  Appointed  officers — Solon  Armstrong, 
City  Clerk;  Ernest  Ortman,  Treasurer;  M.  C. 
White,  Assessor;  Matthias  AVeir  and  Anton 
Grethen,  Constables;  Theodore  Hess,  Supervisor, 
First  ward;  Charles  Mills,  Supenisor.  Second 
ward;  May  2d,  Solon  Armstrong.  Justice,  vice 
Thielen.  deceased;  James  S.  Lane,  Chief  Engi- 
neer File  Depiutment. 


OFFICIAL  BOSIEB  OF  MINNEAPOLIS. 


383 


OFFICIAL    ROSTER     OF    THE   CITY  OF  MINNEAP- 
OLIS. 

In  1867,  the  city  of  Minneapolis  was  organized. 
The  first  officers  were  elected  February  19th, 
186",  and  took  the  official  oath  at  the  office  of  the 
Town  Clerk  Feliruary  26th,  following.  The 
elected  officers  who  formed  the  first  city  council 
were:  I).  Morrison,  Mayor;  Aldermen — William 
H.  Gaslin,  Henry  Oswald  and  F.  L.  Morse,  first 
ward;  Hugh  G.  Harrison,  S.  II.  Mattison  andl^. 
B.  Hill,  second  ward;  George  A.  Hrackett,  R. 
Price  and  O.  B.  King,  third  ward:  Isaac  Atwater, 
F.  K.  E.  Cornell  and  G.  S<'heitlin,  fourth  ward. 
F.  R.  E.  Cornell  was  elected  President  and  F.  L. 
Morse  Vice-President.  Upon  drawing  by  lot  for 
the  term  of  office  as  aldermen,  the  result  was  as 
follows:  for  the  one  year  term,  Morse,  Harrison, 
Brackettand  Atwater;  two  years  term;  Gaslin, 
Mattison,  Price  and  Cornell:  three  years  term, 
Oswald,  Hill,  King  and  Scheitlin.  Appointed 
officers — Thomas  Hale  Williams,  City  Clerk;  I). 
R.  Barber,  Assessor;  ilarch  9th.  H.  H.  Brackett, 
Chief  of  Police;  S.  11.  King,  City  Surveyor; 
Charles  E.  Flandrau,  City  Attorney:  A.  J.  Mc- 
Dougall,  Street  Commissioner,  ilarch  16th,  the 
coinicil  designated  the  boiuids  constituting  the 
fire  limits,  fixed  upon  the  amount  of  bond  re- 
quired of  the  several  officers  and  awarded  the  city 
printing  to  -T.  S.  King  of  the  Atlas  Printing 
Company.  At  the  same  meeting  it  was  decided 
to  employ  four  policemen  at  sixty  dollars  per 
month.  Several  new  offices  were  created  during 
the  remainder  of  the  year,  and  a  number  of  or- 
dinances added  for  the  better  government  of  the 
city.  A  board  of  health  was  estal>lished,  and 
Dr.  Lindley  appointed  health  ofiicer.  The 
amount  required  in  the  City  Treasurer's  bond  was 
three  hundred  dollars. 

First  regular  election,  April  Ttli,  18(is.  II.  G. 
Harrison,  Mayor;  Aldermen — first  ward,  Frank 
L.  Morse;  second,  John  H.  Thompson;  third, 
George  A.  Brackett;  fourth,  Isaac  Atwater.  Ap- 
pointed officers— Thomas  Hale  Williams,  City 
Clerk;  O.  M.  Laraway,  Treasurer;  .lolin  Vander 
Horck,  Comptroller;  W.  I).  Webb,  Attorney;  S. 
II.  King,  Street  Commissioner;  Daniel  L.  Day, 
Chief  of  Police;  D.  R.  Barber,  Assessor,  vice 
King,  resigned. 

Second  election,  April  6th,  1869.  D.  Morrison, 
Mayor;  Aldermen— F.  Beede,  first  ward;  C.  B. 


Heffelfinger,  second;  G.  M.  Stickney,  third; 
Charles  Clark,  fourth.  Appointed  officers- 
Thomas  Hale  Williams,  City  Clerk:  O.  M.  Lara- 
way,  Treasurer;  J.  '\'ander  Horck,  Comptroller; 
J.  M.  Shaw,  Attorney:  D.  Morgan  and  II.  A. 
Partridge,  City  Justices;  O.  L.  Dudley,  Consta- 
ble; J.  B.  Clough,  Street  Commissioner:  H.  H. 
Brackett,  Chief  of  Police. 

Third  election,  April  5th.  1870.  E.  B.  Ames, 
Mayor;  Aldermen— Henry  Oswald,  first  ward; 
S.   II.  Mattison.  second;  C.  ^I.  Loring,  third;  G. 

E.  Huy,  fourtli.  Appointed  oflicers — Thomas 
Hale  Williams.  Clerk;  O.  M.  Liiraway,  Treasurer: 
J.  Vander  Horck,  Comptroller;  R.  D.  Rich,  Con- 
stable; J.  M.  Shaw,  Attorney;  J.  B.  Clough, 
Smveyor  and  Street  Commissioner,  succeeded  by 
M.  Van  Duzee,  May  6th.  February  27th,  1871, 
D.  R.  Barber  was  appointed  Assessor  to  fill  va- 
cancy. 

Fourth  election,  April  4tli.  1871.  E.  B.  Ames, 
Mayor;  Aldermen.  F.  L.  Jlorse,  first  ward;  A.  ]M. 
Reid,  second;  O.  A.  Pray,  third;  F.  R.  E.  Cornell, 
foirrth.  Appointed  officers,  Thomas  Hale  Wil- 
liams, City  Clerk  ;  Charles  Harrow,  Treasui'er  ; 
John  Vander  Horck,  Comptroller;  D.  R.  Barber, 
Assessor  ;  J.  M.  Shaw,  Attorney  ;  J.  L.  Himes 
and  II.  G.  Hicks,  Justices:  J.  D.  Rich,  ('onstal)le: 
Cortez  L.  Peck,  Chief  of  Police.  July  otli,  A.  II. 
Young,  Attorney,  vice  Shaw  resigned,  William 

F.  Cahill  Alderman  first  ward  to  fill  \acancy ; 
Septemlier  6th,  O.  M.  Laraway.  Treasurer,  vice 
Harrow. 

Previous  to  the  next  annual  election  the  cities 
of  ilinneapolis  and  St.  Anthony  were  imited  by 
an  act  of  the  State  Legislature  approved  Feb- 
ruary 28th,  1872.  April  9th,  1872,  the  new  coun- 
cil was  organized.  The  officers  present  were 
Aldermen  Ricliard  Fewer,  il.  W.  Glenn,  Bald- 
win Brown,  G.  T.  Townsend,  T.  J.  Tuttle,  John 
Vander  Horck,  W.  P.  Ankeuy.  Peter  Rauen,  A. 
M.  Reid,  C.  M.  IIardenl)ergli.  S.  C.  Gale.  O.  A. 
Pray,  Leonard  Day,  N.  B.  Hill,  Edward  Murphy, 
Isaac  Atwater,  Joel  B.  Bassett  and  John  Orth. 
The  oath  of  office  was  taken.  Alderman  Atwater 
elected  temporary  chairman  and  the  council  pro- 
ceeded to  the  permanent  organization  of  the 
city  government  of  Miimeapolis.  A.  JSI.  Reid 
was  chosen  President,  E.  W.  Cutler,  Vice  Presi- 
dent and  Thomas  Hale  Wdliams,  Clerk.  The 
standing  rules  of  the  former  city  government. 


384 


HISTOBY  OF  HENXEPIN  COUNTY. 


of  Minneapolis  were  adopted,  a  few  subordinate 
officei-s  were  appointed  and  the  tirst  session  of 
the  consolidated  cit>-  government  closed. 

Ajiril  12th  the  council  convened  for  the  tran- 
saction of  necessary  business.  The  newly  elected 
Mayor,  E.  M.  Wilson,  delivered  his  inaugural 
address,  after  which  the  usual  counnittees  were 
appointed.  H.  H.  Corson  was  appointed  Chief 
Engineer  of  the  Fire  Department,  and  D.  R. 
Barber,  Assessor  of  the  "West  Division.  April 
17th,  the  police  force  was  reorganized,  with  a 
Chief,  Captain,  Sergeant  and  ten  patrolmen. 
May  8th,  Dr.  Charles  Simpson  was  appointed 
Health  Officer:  June  5th.  A.  ^l.  Merrick,  City 
Attorney. 

First  election.  April  1st.  1873.  George  A. 
Brackett,  Mayor;  Aldermen,  John  Orth,  tirst 
ward:  Charles  Thielen,  second;  Solon  Armstrong, 
third;  Simeon  D.  Rollins,  fourth;  Joel  B.  Bas- 
sett,  fifth;  R.  E.  Grimshaw,  sixth;  C.  M.  Harden- 
bergh,  seventh;  E.  S.  Jones,  eighth;  Leonard 
Day,  ninth:  WilUam  II.  Johnson,  tenth.  Charles 
W.  Johnson,  City  Clerk;  O.  M.  Laraway,  Treas- 
urer; Ernest  Ortman,  Comptroller;  A.  M.  Mer- 
rick, Attorney;  H.  H.  Coreon,  City  Engineer; 
Dr.  Charles  Simpson,  Health  Officer. 

Second  election  April  7th.  1874.  E.  M.  Wil- 
son, Mayor;  Aldermen.  Gottfried  Boehme,  first 
ward;  G.  B.  Dake.  second;  O.  C.  Merriman. 
third;  G.  M.  Townsend.  fourth:  John  Vauder 
Horck,  fifth;  II.  A.  C.  Thompson,  sixth;  A.  M. 
Reid.  seventh:  X.  R.  Thompson,  eighth:  Wm.  E. 
Jones,  ninth;  A.  II.  Edsteu,  tenth:  Frank  J. 
Meade,  City  Clerk;  O.  M.  Laraway.  Treasurer; 
Ernest  Ortman.  Comptroller.  ^\..  M.  Merrick, 
Attorney;  Grove  B.  Cooley,  Municipal  Judge; 
Ed.  J.  Davenport.  Clerk  Municipal  Court;  J.  B. 
Clongh.  City  Engineer;  Dr.  Cliarles  Simpson, 
Health  Officer. 

Third  election  April  5th,  1875.  O.  C.  Merri- 
man. Mayor;  Aldermen,  T.  M.  Bohan,  tirst  ward; 
M.  W.  (ilenn,  second;  Solon  Armsti'ong,  thii-d, 
resigned,  succeeded  by  Baldwin  Brown;  T,  F. 
Anderson,  fourth;  F.  L.  Morse,  fifth;  O.  J.  Evans, 
sixth;  :M.  L.  Iliggins.  seventh;  C.  L.  Snyder, 
eighth;  A.  A.  Ames,  ninth;  W.  H.  Johnson, 
tenth.  Frank  J.  Meade,  City  Clerk;  O.  M.  Lar- 
away, Treasurer,  Ernest  Ortman,  Comptroller; 
Eugene  M.  Wilson,  Attorney;  J.  B.  Clough.  En- 
gineer; Dr.    Qharles   Simpson,   Health    Officer; 


Grove  B.  Cooley.  Municipal  Judge:  Ed.  J.  Dav- 
enport, Clerk  Municipal  Court;  John  H.  Noble, 
Chief  of  Police;  W.  il.  Brackett,  Chief  of  Fire 
Department,  west  division;  ^I.  B.  Rollms,  Chief 
of  Fire  Department,  east  division;  Sweet  W. 
Case,  Assessor,  west  divison;  C.  F.  Smith.  As- 
sessor, east  division. 

Fourth  election.  April  4th.  1876.  A.  A.  Ames, 
Mayor;  Aldermen,  Gottfried  Boehme,  first  ward; 
J*Iichael  Lyon,  second;  Baldwin  Brown,  thu-d; 
A.  R.  Camp,  fourth;  Daniel  Waitt,  fifth;  Wil- 
liam Duncan,  fifth,  to  fill  vacancy;  H.  A.  C. 
Thompson,  sixth:  N.  F.  Griswold,  seventh;  John 
H.  Stevens,  eighth:  J.  H.  Conkey,  ninth;  H. 
Kruckelierg,  tenth.  April  10th,  J.  O.  Pattee, 
ninth,  vice  Ames,  elected  Mayor;  E.  S.  Corser, 
seventh,  vice  M.  L.  Higgins,  resigned.  Frank 
J.  Meade,  City  Clerk:  O.  U.  Laraway.  Treas- 
urer; Ernest  Ortman.  Comptroller;  Eugene  ^l. 
Wilson,  Attorney;  Thomas  L.  Rosser,  Engi- 
neer; Dr.  G.  F.  Townsend.  Health  Officer; 
Grove  B.  Cooley.  ^Municipal  Judge;  Ed.  J.  Dav- 
enport, Clerk  Municipal  Coiut:  Albert  S.  Plun- 
ger, Chief  of  Police;  W.  M.  Brackett,  Chief 
of  Tire  Department,  west  division:  M.  B.  Rollins, 
Chief  of  Fire  Department,  east  division. 

Fifth  election,  April  .Sd.  1877.  John  De  Laittre, 
Mayor;  Aldermen.  T.  M.  Bohan,  first  ward;  M. 
W.  (ilenn.  second:  Solon  Armstrongr third.  P.  D. 
McMillan,  fourth;  J.  B.  Bassett,  fifth;  J.  G,  Mc- 
Farlane,  sixth;  E.  S.  Corser,  seventh;  C.  L.  Sny- 
der, eighth;  J.  O.  Pattee,  ninth;  A.  F.  Jackson, 
tenth.  Frank  J.  Meade.  City  Clerk;  T.  J.  Bu.\- 
tou.  Treasurer;  William  Lochren,  Attorney; 
Andrew  R  inker.  Engineer;  S.  W.  Case,  Assessor, 
west  di\isit)n;  G.  B.  Dake.  .Assessor,  east  divi- 
sion; Dr.  A.  A.  Ames.  Health  Officer;  G.  B. 
Cooley,  Municipal  Judge;  Reuben  Reynolds, 
Special  Municipal  Judge;  L.  A.  Dunn.  Clerk 
Municipal  Court.  June  20th.  W.  B.  Hall.  Com- 
ptroller, vice  Ortman.  resigned;  November  7th. 
Mathias  Kees,  Alderman,  sixth  ward,  vice 
Thompson,  resigned. 

Sixth  election.  April  2d,  1878.  A.  C.  Rand, 
Mayor.  The  number  of  wards  was  reduced  to 
six  and  three  members  elected  from  each  for 
terms  of  one,  two  and  three  years.  Aldermen, 
first  ward,  P.  J.  Thielen  one  year,  M.  Lyons  two 
years,  B.  F.  Nelson  three  years;  second  ward, 
T.  F.  Andrews  one  year,  W.  M.  Banows  two 


MINNEAPOLIS  AFTER  THIRTY  YEARS. 


38.5 


years,  A.  R.  Camp  three  years;  third  ward,  J. 
W.  Anderson  one  year,  H.  C.  Morse  two  years,  D. 
Waitt  three  years;  fourth  ward,  E.  S.  Corser  one 
year,  F.  S.  Gilson  two  years,  W.  W.  Woodward 
three  years;  fifth  ward,  A.  Franlv  Gale  one  year, 
Fred  L.  Smith  two  years,  C.  L.  Snyder  three 
years;  sixth  ward,  Karl  Bendeke  one  year,  Mat- 
hew  "Walsh  two  years,  A.  C.  Ilaugan  three  years. 
Selah  Mathews,  City  Clerk;  Assessors,  A.  C. 
Austin,  G.  B.  Dake,  William  A.  Barnes; 
W.  B.  Hill,  Comptroller  ;  William  Loch- 
ren.  Attorney;  A.  Rinker,  Engineer;  Dr.  O.  J. 
Evans,  Health  Officer;  Thomas  C.  Wilson,  Clerk 
of  Munidi)al  Court;  A.  S.  Mnnger,  Chief  of  Po- 
lice, A.  C.  Berry,  Captain,  John  West,  Sergeant, 
Michael  Hoy,  Detective;  W.  U.  Brackett,  Chief 
of  Fire  Department,  W.  C.  Stetson  and  C.  Fred- 
erichs.  Assistants.  ' 

Seventh  election,  April  1st,  1879.  A.  C.  Rand, 
Mayor;  Aldermen:  M.W.Glenn,  first  ward;  J. 
H.  Gilmore,  second  ward;  .J.  W.  Anderson,  third 
ward;  Frank  Beebe,  fourth  ward;  J.  M.  Parker, 
fifth  ward;  Joseph  Holseher,  sixth  ward.  R.  C. 
Benton,  Attorney;  William  B.  Hill,  Comptroller; 
T.  J.  Buxton,  Treasurer;  Dr.  A.  H.  Salisbury, 
Health  Officer;  Andrew  Rinker,  Engineer;  Ed. 
McDermott,  Sealer  of  Weights  and  2ileasures; 
A.  S.  Hunger,  Chief  of  Police;  W.  M.  Brackett, 
Chief  of  Fire  Department. 

Eighth  election,  April,  1880.  As  this  year 
closes  the  official  record,  the  entire  list  is  given, 
embracing  both  those  officers  elected  in  1880  and 
those  holding  over  from  previous  elections:  A. 
C.  Rand,  Mayor.  City  Council,  A.  R.  Camp, 
President;  C.  L.  Snyder,  Vice-President;  Alder- 
men, first  ward,  B.  F.  Nelson,  M.  Lyons,  M.  W. 
Glenn;  second  ward,  A.  R.  Camp,  '\\.  M.  Bar- 
rows, J.  H.  Gilmore;  third  ward,  D.  Waitt,  H. 
C.  Morse,  J.  W.  Anderson;  fourth  ward,  W.  W. 
Woodward,  F.  S.  (iilson,  F.  Beebe;  fifth  ward, 
F.  L.  Smith,  C.  L.  Snyder,  J.  M.  Parker;  sixth 
ward,  M.  Walsh,  A.  C.  Haugan,  Joseph  Holseher. 
Selah  Mathews,  City  Clerk;  T.  J.  Buxton,  Treas- 
urer; W.  B.  Hill,  Comptroller;  R.  C.  Benton,  City 
Attorney;  W.  M.  Brackett,  Chief  Engineer  Fire 
Department:  W.  H.  Johnson,  Superintendent  of 
Water-works;  Andrew  Rinker,  Citj-  Engineer; 
Grove  B.  Cooley,  Judge  of  Municipal  Court;  A. 
S.  Munger  Chief  of  Police;  Dr.  A.  H.  Salisbury, 

Health  officer. 
25 


CHAPTER  LXII. 

AFTER  THIRTY  YEARS — STREETS  AND  A^TENUES 
—  BUILDINGS  —  STATISTICS  —  POPULATION  — 
DEVELOPMENT  OF  THE  WATER  POWER. 

After  following  the  settlement  and  growth  of 
Minneapolis  until  its  population  became  so 
numerous  that  it  was  possible  to  mention  only 
the  few  who  had  become  conspicuous,  from  large 
fortunes  made  by  the  rapid  advance  in  prices 
and  skillful  business  management,  or  from  re- 
ceiving the  honors  of  the  people  in  consequence 
of  enterprise,  public  spirit  and  high  talent,  it 
will  be  more  interesting  to  leap  over  the  inter- 
vening years  and  take  a  view  of  the  city  as  it 
appears  in  1881,  with  its  population  of  fifty 
thousand,  covering  an  area  of  nine  square  miles 
with  houses,  the  largest  city  north-west  of  Chic?  go 
and  Milwaukee,  and  except  St.  Louis  and  Kan- 
sas City,  the  largest  between  the  Mississippi  river 
and  the  Rocky  mountains. 

The  surface  of  the  country,  from  its  almost 
level  character,  admits  of  extension  in  every  di- 
rection, and  at  the  same  time  obviates  the  neces- 
sity of  heavy  and  expensive  grading.  The  same 
feature  was  favorable  for  regularity  in  the  streets, 
and  the  beauty  of  the  city  would  have  been  en- 
hanced, had  the  irregular  course  of  the  river  been 
disregarded,  and  the  streets  laid  out  north  and 
south,  instead  of  following  its  torturous  course. 
At  a  distance  from  the  river  the  north  and  south 
course  is  adopted  and  the  streets  are  regidarly 
laid  out,  but  at  the  intersection  of  streets  run- 
ning by  the  first  plan  and  the  new  one,  many  tri- 
angular pieces  are  formed  which  are  a  blemish  to 
the  appearance  of  the  city.  It  must  in  justice 
be  stated,  however,  that  the  regularity  both  in 
the  course  of  the  streets  and  avenues,  and  the 
numbering  of  houses  is  better  than  in  most  cities 
east  or  west.  The  streets  and  avenues  are  named 
numerically,  except  the  four  principal  avenues, 
Washington,  Hennepin,  and  Nicollet  on  the 
West  and  Central  on  the  East  Side,  and  a  few 
formed  by  the  irregularity  of  the  city  before 
mentioned.  The  streets  run  north  and  south, 
and  the  avenues  east  and  west,  except  where  varied 
by  the  original  plats,  which  were  made  to  con- 
form to  the  river.    The  streets  and  avenues  are 


386 


HISTOET  OF  EEKNEPIN  COUNTY. 


wide,  averaging  aV)Out  one  Inindred  feet.  In  the 
central  portii)u  of  tlie  city  the  old  wooden  build- 
ings have  Iwen  largely  replaced  by  substantial 
and  elegant  brick  and  stone  structures,  and  the 
reconstruction  is  going  rapidly  fonvard,  which 
gives  the  busmess  portion  of  the  city  somewhat 
the  appearance  of  solidity  characteristic  of  the 
older  cities  in  the  east. 

Beyond  the  business  centre  are  seen  many 
beautiful  private  residences,  giving  evidence  of 
wealth  and  refinement,  diffeiing.  however,  from 
the  wealthy  cities  of  the  east  by  having  larger 
lots  and  more  extensive  grounds  laid  out  with 
taste.  Indeed  the  resident  portion  of  the  city 
unites  the  comfort  and  freedom  of  large  villages 
^\ith  the  advantages  of  a  city  of  considerable 
wealth. 

The  most  valuable  building  material  is  the  na- 
tive limestone,  which  underlies  large  areas  in 
and  near  the  city,  iii  strata  of  uniform  thickness, 
convenient  for  the  erection  of  substantial  aud  el- 
egant structures.  This  stone  is  largely  utilized 
for  both  public  and  private  building.  Extensive 
deposits  of  brick  clay  also  exist,  from  which  build- 
ers are  fm-nished  with  bricks  in  color  and  texture 
like  those  of  Milwaukee.  It  must  be  added, 
though  it  may  seem  superfluous  in  a  great  lum- 
ber city  like  ilinneapolis,  that  soft  and  hard 
timber,  at  low  prices,  furnishes  material  for  the 
construction  of  the  greatest  number  of  buildings. 

In  addition  to  the  materials  mentioned,  many 
building  stones  of  greater  beauty  are  brought 
from  a  distance,  for  ornamental  finish  or  for  the 
entire  construction  of  buildings.  Prominent 
among  these  foreign  materials  are  the  Ohio  sand- 
stone, from  which  we  have  many  buildings,  and 
the  Diduth  brown-stone,  used  for  the  new  'West- 
minster Presbyterian  church  and  other  edifices. 

The  streets  are  well  lighted  with  gas.  except  in 
parts  remote  from  the  centre  where  the  mains 
have  not  yet  been  extended;  here  gasoline  is  used. 

The  system  of  sewerage  is  extending  rapidly, 
and  already  forms  a  network  draining  a  large 
portion  of  the  city;  this  is  an  herculean  task  in 
a  climate  where  pipes  are  laid  nine  feet  below 
the  surface  to  avoid  the  action  of  the  frost.  A. 
general  tax  is  levied  for  that  portion  of  the  sew- 
erage which  benefits  the  city  at  large,  and  spe- 
cial taxes  are  assessed  on  the  abuttmg  property  to 
proNide  for  this  expensive  improvement. 


At  the  session  of  the  legislature  of  1881,  a  bUl 
was  passed  authorizmg  the  city  to  issue  bonds  to 
the  amount  of  S50,000  to  carry  out  extensive 
plans  for  sewerage. 

The  amoimt  invested  in  buildings  in  1879,  as 
shown  by  the  annual  report  of  the  Board  of 
Trade,  to  whom  we  are  indebted  for  these  and 
other  facts  in  regard  to  the  present  status  of  ilin- 
neapolis.  was  S2.713.600.  an  uicrea.se  of  SI  .605.- 
750  over  the  year  1876.  An  acciuate  measure- 
ment of  the  frontage  of  all  buildings  erected 
during  the  year  1879,  gives  a  distance  amounting 
to  two  and  a  half  miles  solid,  with  no  allowance 
made  for  streets 

Dming  the  year  1880,  the  report  shows  a  front- 
age of  business  blocks  greater  by  329  feet  than 
the  pre\'ious  year,  and  a  gain  of  177  in  the  num- 
ber of  residences  built,  over  the  previous  year. 
The  total  amoimt  of  building  in  1880  was:  twen- 
ty-six business  blocks  for  forty-three  stores,  with 
a  frontage  of  1.187  feet,  costing  5257,000;  eleven 
frame  six)res,  224  feet,  $16,900;  two  elevators,  $70,- 
000;  expended  on  three  flouring  mills,  S375.000; 
other  improvements  on  mills.  $60,000;  manufactur- 
ing buildings,  SI  36,500;  f  oiu-  school  biuldings,  S38,- 
000:  expended  on  fom'  churches,  S62.O00;  county 
jail,  S60.000;  four  railroad  buildings.  S26.000; 
stieet-carand  other  public  stables,  S27,000:  fom- 
hundred  and  seventy-three  residences,  costing 
over  S1,000  each,  total,  S888.200;  estimated  eight>- 
other  residences  at  S800  each,  S64,(»00.  making  a 
grand  total  of  52,080,600.  Total  sales  of  real 
estate  during  the  year,  $5,103,017;  the  largest  in- 
cluded was  the  sale  to  J.  J.  Hill  by  Water  Power 
Company,  5465,000.  The  increase  in  business 
blocks  and  private  residences  though  large  was 
not  equal  to  the  demand,  and  at  present  a  scarcity 
exists  in  both. 

The  increase  in  mercantile  aud  manufacturing 
interests  was  greater  durmg  1880.  than  any  pre- 
ceding year,  but  the  demands  of  the  new  countn.- 
developing  and  looking  to  Minneapolis  for  sup- 
plies, have  been  in  excess  of  the  f  aciUties  furnished 
here.  In  short,  the  demands  in  all  departments 
of  enterprise  in  the  city  are  greater  than  the 
supiily,  calUng  in  imjierative  tones  for  more  cap- 
ital in  the  various  departments  of  the  city  trade 
to  keep  pace  with  the  enlarged  and  giowing  de- 
mands of  the  smTounding  country.  More  than 
1.600  miles  of  railroad  have  been  built  during 


INCREASE  IK  POPULATION. 


387 


the  year,  extending  into  country  tributary  to  this 
city,  and  still  greater  plans  are  on  foot  for  the 
ensuing  year.  A  summary  of  business  for  live 
successive  years  is  as  follows:  1876,  $21,017,819; 
1877,  $30,912,152;  1878,  S-17,149,87o;  1879,  $62,- 
801, .513;  1880,  $88,298,820.  The  total  bonded  in- 
debtedness of  the  city  in  1880,  was  $1,101,000,  and 
$395,162.42  was  levied  in  taxes  during  the  year. 

The  fact  that  the  tendency  of  capital,  in  util- 
izing the  water-power,  is  directed  to  the  construc- 
tion of  great  flouring  mills  with  such  improved 
facilities  as  to  manufacture  large  quantities  of 
flour  without  the  employment  of  many  hands,  is 
not  conducive  to  the  most  rapid  growth  of  the 
city,  but  it  is  also  true  that  the  mills  now  build- 
ing are  of  such  mammoth  projiortions  and  em- 
ploy so  large  a  capital  in  construction  and  opera- 
tion, that  small  concerns  will  eventually  be 
unable  to  compete,  and  capital  will  be  directed 
into  other  channels.  The  Ijuilding  of  flouring 
mills  has  been  stimulated  by  high  prices,  and 
doubtless  the  business  will  be  enlarged  to  keep 
pace  with  the  increasing  acreage  in  the  north- 
west. The  undevelojied  power  of  the  falls,  ad- 
mits of  the  introduction  of  all  kinds  of  mechanical 
industries  under  most  favorable  conditions  for 
success.  In  the  chapter  on  mills  and  manufac- 
tories, will  be  seen  the  extent  to  wliich  the  power 
is  already  utilized  and  the  amount  still  unused. 
In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  growth  of  Minneap- 
olis, hitherto  has  been  due  to  the  development  of 
the  power  of  the  falls,  we  may  safely  predict  a 
very  large  city  wlien  this  power  is  utilized  to  its 
full  extent,  especially  if  manufactories  of  furni- 
ture, woolen  and  cotton  goods,  and  other  indus- 
tries employing  many  laborers  are  multiplied. 

It  may  be  interesting  and  profitable  to  compare 
the  growth  of  tliis  city  with  that  of  others,  partly 
by  way  of  indication  of  what  its  future  may  be, 
and  partly  to  satisfy  the  desire  of  every  western 
citizen  to  know  how  his  favorite  city  has  held  her 
own  in  the  strife  for  supremacy.  New  York  city 
in  1656  had  a  population  of  one  thousand;  in 
1756,  at  the  end  of  the  first  century  of  its  exist- 
ence, a  little  over  ten  thousand ;  in  1800,  over 
sixty  thousand;  in  1820,  nearly  one  hundred  and 
twenty-four  thousand;  in  1830,  over  two  hundred 
thousand;  in  1880,  1,206,690.  Chicago  came  into 
existence  in  1831,  with  about  the  same  number  of 
houses  which  Minneapolis  had  in  the  spring  of 


1854.  In  1837  its  population  was  4,170;  in  1840, 
4,853;  in  1850,  29,963;  in  1860,  twenty-nme  years 
from  its  first  life,  112,172;  in  1870,  298,977;  in 
1880,  503,304.  Miimeapolis  in  1870,  fifteen  years 
from  the  time  when  the  land  was  opened  for  set- 
tlement, had  a  population  of  18,079,  and  in  1876 
was  estimated  at  32,000;  in  1880,  after  twenty- 
five  years,  48,053. 

These  figures  are  gratifying  to  the  vanity  of 
north-western  enthusiasts  and  encouraging  to 
property  owners  m  the  infant  city,  as  they  show 
a  growth  with  which  the  older  cities  of  the  coun- 
try can  afford  no  comparison,  and  a  parallel  to 
Chicago,  the  greatest  prodigy  on  the  continent. 
Chicago,  at  the  sixth  year  of  its  existence,  had 
4,170;  Mimieapolis,  at  fifth,  5,809.  Chicago  at 
the  ninth  year,  4,8.53;  Minneapolis  at  the  fifteenth, 
18,079.  The  percentage  of  growth  from  1870  to 
1880,  269  per  cent.,  was  not  equaled  by  any  city 
of  e(iual  size  on  the  continent. 

The  population  of  Minneapolis  by  the  census 
of  1880  was  48,053,  but  at  the  present  tune  doubt- 
less exceeds  50,000. 

Tlie  projected  plans  for  machine-shops  con- 
nected with  the  great  trunk  lines  extendmg  west 
promise  to  add  immediately,  thousands  to  the  per- 
manent population  of  the  city,  besides  the  num- 
ber temorarily  employed  in  the  construction  of 
new  buildings  and  new  roads.  Minneapolis  is 
emphatically  a  busy  city,  and  visitors  from  the 
east  are  disi>osed  to  find  fault  with  a  town  whose 
citizens  cannot  find  time  to  waste  in  idle  talk. 
The  recent  purchase  of  the  east-side  water-power 
by  .James  J.  Hill,  manager  of  the  St.  Paul,  Min- 
neapolis and  Manitol)a  railway,  has  given  a  new 
impetus  to  the  manufacturing  interests.  The 
purchase  was  made  March  1st,  1880,  for  a  private 
company,  consisting  of  James  .1.  Hill  and  others 
interested  in  operating  the  railway,  though  a 
disthict  company,  and  the  price  paid  was  to  the 
St.  Anthony  Water  Power  Company.  $425,000. 
and  to  Mr.  Eastman  for  a  few  privileges  not  con- 
trolled by  that  company,  an  additional  sum  of 
$42,500,  making  a  total  investment  of  $467,500. 

The  city  has  no  marked  characteristic  except 
the  great  river  with  its  wonderful  water- fall,  and 
the  industries  which  it  supports.  Of  all  the  in- 
dustries, that  of  the  flouring  mills  is  the  fore- 
most, and  of  such  extent  as  not  only  to  charac- 
terize Miimeapolis  as  a  milling  city,  but  also  to 


388 


HISTOBT  OF  HUNNEPIN  COUNTY. 


entitle  it  to  the  position  of  tlie  first  in  tlie 
world.  The  three  great  mills  are  the  Wash- 
Imni  A,  with  capacity,  when  complete,  es- 
timated at  4,200  barrels,  the  Pillsbnry  A,  in 
process  of  bnikling.  estimated  at  4.800,  and  tlie 
Crown  Keller  at  3,000,  besides  twenty-three  more 
making  a  total  daih  capacity  of  2o.22o  according 
to  the  estimate  of  the  IJoard  of  Trade. 

In  giving  a  liistory  of  the  milling  interests  of 
Mmneapolis.  it  will  be  necessary  to  give  a  sketch 
of  the  changes  the  falls  themselves  have  nnder- 
gone  since  their  first  discovery,  but  we  shall  not 
attempt  to  usurp  the  ground  covered  by  the 
"Pioneers  and  Explorers."  That  the  falls  received 
theii'  name  "  St.  Anthony  "  from  Father  Hen- 
nepin has  been  already  recorded,  and  the  ever- 
lasting rocks,  bear  testimony  to  their  '•  change  of 
venue "  by  a  gorge  cut  fi'om  the  mouth  of  the 
Minnesota  river  to  St.  Anthony.  The  strata  of 
rock  forming  the  bed  of  the  river  was  superim- 
posed upon  white  sandstone  of  a  very  friable 
nature.  From  this  cause  the  recession  proceeded 
rapidly  by  the  combined  action  of  frost  and 
water;  for  the  erosion  destroyed  the  sandstone 
substratum,  and  the  action  of  the  frost  and 
water  combuied  !)roke  down  the  rock  bed  of  the 
river.  Still  another  destructive  force  was  added, 
namely  the  hand  of  man  in  attempting  to  make 
the  power  more  available.  The  value  of  a  water- 
fall consists  as  much  in  its  availability  as  in 
volume  and  height,  and  in  these  respects  the 
Falls  of  St.  Anthony  excel,  owmg  to  the  high 
bluffs  on  each  side  of  the  river  above  the  falls, 
through  which  sluices  can  be  cut.  conducting  the 
water  to  flumes  or  canals  parallel  with  the  mam 
cliaimel.  Besides,  the  water-power  companies, 
by  dams  built  for  the  advantage  of  mills  situated 
on  each  bank,  forced  the  flood  of  the  river  to  about 
one-third  the  natiural  width  of  the  stream  and 
thus  hastened  the  disintegration.  The  work  of 
destruction  by  these  various  causes  continued 
silently  but  nevertheless  with  alanmng  rapidity. 
The  attention  of  citizens  was  occasionally  called 
to  the  danger  when  the  undermining  process 
caused  an  unusual  recession,  as  in  1851,  when 
several  rods,  ninety  feet  by  actual  measurement, 
of  the  superstratum  fell  in  one  huge  mass  in  the 
foaming  water.  It  will  be  hiteresting  to  many 
U)  Und  here  a  record  of  the  exact  location  of  the 
crest  of  Uie  fall  in  1850.     We,  therefore,  give 


points  from  which  any  one  may  ascertain  it.  and 
note  the  recession. 

A  line  nmning  south  50  deg.  west  from  tlie 
north-west  comer  of  the  ■•  Pillsbury  A"  mill, 
would  strike  the  bend  in  the  crest  of  the  falls,  as 
it  was  in  1850,  about  250  feet  west  of  its  eastern 
end  at  the  old  frame  saw-mill,  and  would  follow 
its  crest  to  a  point  on  the  west  side,  nine  feet 
above  the  lower  comer  of  the  Minneapolis  Mill, 
of  Crocker,  Fisk  and  Company.  The  data  are 
obtained  fi-om  records  made  and  preserved  by  C. 
W.  Christmas.  Persons  interested,  by  standing 
at  the  comer  of  the  Pillsbury  A  mill,  can  easily 
follow  this  line  and  mark  the  recession  of  the 
falls  during  the  thirty  years  which  have  elapsed 
since  the  record  was  made. 

Dr.  S.  II.  Chute,  in  1864,  excavated  a  tunnel 
eight  feet  m  diameter,  beginning  just  below  the 
Chalybeate  springs,  through  the  soft  sand  rock 
about  tvvo  hundred  feet  in  a  straight  line,  thence 
parallel  with  the  river  to  the  fall,  for  a  tail-race, 
in  order  to  secure  greater  head  in  utilizing  the 
power.  Into  this  subterranean  channel,  it  was 
supposed,  after  encasing  it  with  masomy  or 
sheet  iron,  the  waste  water  from  many  mills 
could  be  conducted.  The  work  was  never  com- 
pleted, but  the  eroding  tooth  was  by  this  means, 
admitted  to  cut  more  rapidly  at  the  very  vitals 
of  the  power.  This  excavation  was  called  Chute's 
cave,  and  visitors  at  the  falls  were  invited  to  ex- 
plore its  dark  regions  in  a  boat  kept  there  for  the 
purpose  by  persons  interested  in  a  place  of  resort 
near  the  spring.  The  attractions  here  were  the 
mineral  water,  which  still  continues  to  flow'  in 
great  abundance  from  fissures  in  the  rock,  a  fish 
pond  and  a  few  curiosities  of  the  animal  king- 
dom. The  view  of  the  falls  with  these  extraor- 
dinary inducements,  rewarded  the  tourist  for  the 
fatigue  of  descending  the  long  stairway  to  the 
bed  of  the  river,  and  the  patronage  of  swing, 
boat  and  restaurant  compensated  the  enterpris- 
ing owner.  The  springs  continue  to  furnish 
medicinal  water,  but  the  remainder  gave  place 
during  the  whiter  of  1880 — 1,  to  the  progressive 
enterprise  of  mill  builduig.  During  the  winter 
of  1880—1.  occurred  the  breaking  down  of  the 
limestone  ledge  above  the  timnel.  Into  the  hole, 
tumbled  a  part  of  Main  street.  A  tree  was 
swallowed  up  to  the  limbs,  and  the  comer  of  a 
mill  standing  near,  settled  to  an  alarmmg  extent. 


HENNEPIN  ISLAND  TUNNEL. 


3K9 


The  danger  was  near  the  large  and  expensive 
Pillsbury  A,  but  fortunately  its  foundations  are 
secure. 

Still  another  and  the  most  dangerous  tunnel, 
was  the  excavation  on  Hennepin  Island,  begun 
in  1868  by  W.  W.  Eastman  and  others,  at  the  foot 
of  Hennepin  Island,  and  intended  to  extend 
under  the  island  and  under  the  river  to  Nicollet 
Island,  where  the  manufacturing  establishments 
were  to  be  located.  Before  the  work  approached 
completion,  and  while  it  was  progressing  under 
the  river  above  the  island,  dangerous  percolation 
began  whicli  continued  through  new  and  enlarged 
apertures,  but  the  alarm  did  not  discontinue  the 
work  until  the  laborers  were  driven  out  by  the 
rapidly  increasing  torrent,  by  which  one  of  their 
number  was  swept  away  into  the  current  Ijelow 
and  narrowly  escaped  drowning,  wliile  the  re- 
mainder hm-ried  out  by  a  perpendicular  shaft  that 
had  been  sunk  at  the  head  of  Ileimepin  Island. 

The  power  of  the  falls  was  thus  turned  to 
their  own  destniction;  the  sides  of  the  tunnel 
dropped  in  and  down  went  the  rocks  forming  the 
river's  bed,  with  logs  and  debris  in  a  tangled 
mass.  The  alarm  was  given  "The  falls  are  gomg 
out!"  and  citizens  as  well  as  proprietors  joined  in 
the  effort  to  stay  the  destruction.  The  alarm 
was  well  grounded,  for  the  rock  bed  of  the  river 
only  extended  tw'elve  hundred  feet  above  the 
falls,  having  at  the  time  of  the  settlement  of  St. 
Anthony  cut  its  way  nearly  through  the  limestone 
layer.  Tiie  temporary  expedients  resorted  to 
were  continued,  renewed  and  changed,  until  by 
an  appropriation  from  the  national  government, 
mmiicipal  aid  and  private  contribution,  elaborate 
plans  were  carried  out  for  permanent  preservation 
of  the  falls.  The  companies  controlling  the  water- 
power  made,  in  1866,  an  attempt  to  protectthe  crest 
of  the  falls  by  a  timber  apron,  but  this  was  car- 
ried off  in  the  spring  followmg. 

A  survey,  made  in  1860,  by  Major  G.  K.  War- 
ren, called  the  attention  of  the  general  govern- 
ment to  the  necessity  of  aiTesting  their  destruc- 
tion. James  B.  Francis,  of  Massachusetts,  was 
summoned  to  examine  the  falls  and  report  as  to 
the  best  means  of  averting  the  catastrophe.  lie 
recommended  as  a  protection  against  the  recess- 
ion of  the  crest,  a  substantial  apron  of  timber  with 
heavy  crib- work  at  the  bottom;  for  the  dangerous 
timnel,  that  it  be  filled  for  four  hundred  feet  with 


a  puddle  of  clay  and  gravel;  against  the  third 
danger,  the  action  of  frost,  that  the  limestone  be 
kept  flooded  by  low  dams. 

No  tune  was  lost  in  carrying  out  energetic 
measures.  A  '-Board  of  Construction,"  appoint- 
ed by  citizens,  set  about  building  the  apron,  and 
private  enteiprise  and  government  aid,  imited  in 
the  work.  Government  apjiropriations  amount- 
ing to  S.55.5,000  were  made,  beginning  in  1870  and 
ending  with  that  of  March  3d,  1879.  A  concrete 
wall  was  laid  in  the  bed  of  sandstone,  beneath 
the  limestone  ledge,  six  feet  in  thickness  at  the 
base  and  four  feet  at  the  top,  and  forty  feet  in 
height,  extending  entirely  across  the  river,  thus 
effectually  preventuig  any  fiu'ther  leakage.  Tlie 
amount  contrilnited  by  the  citizens  of  ilinneapo- 
lis  toward  the  preservation  of  the  falls  was  S334,- 
500.  The  whole  cost  of  the  improvement  thus 
buried  out  of  sight,  was  nearly  a  million  of  dol- 
lars, liut  from  it  came  tiie  preservation  of  the 
falls  with  its  one  hundred  and  twenty  thousand 
horse-power  and  the  future  hope  of  Minneapolis. 


CHAPTER  LXm. 


MILL  BriLDINC! — A  LAKGE  GKIST — FIRST  SHir- 
3IENT  OF  FLOUR — WEST  SIDE  3IILLS— THE  EX-' 
PLOSION — NEW  PROCESS— MILLS  AT  PRESENT. 

Mill  building  began  with  the  old  government 
mill  biult  in  1822.  To  the  saw-mill  was  attached 
a  single  run  of  stone  for  grinding  corn,  for  the  use 
of  the  large  number  of  cattle  and  horses  employed 
at  Fort  Snelling.  A  penstock  was  constructed 
from  the  crest  of  the  falls  to  the  wooden  "flutter- 
wheel"  of  the  old-fashioned  mill.  The  mill  occu- 
pied the  site  of  the  present  mUl  of  Sidle,  Fletcher, 
Holmes  &  Martin.  Twenty-five  years  jiassed 
away  before  furtlier  progress  was  made,  when 
FrankUn  Steele  built  the  dam,  saw-mill  and  other 
improvements  already  mentioned  in  this  history. 

Steele's  mill  was  above  the  location  of  the  pres- 
ent structures  on  the  east  side,  and  run  under  a 
head    of    six    feet.    In   1856,  the  "St.  Anthony 


390 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN'  COUNTY. 


Water-Power  Company"  was  chartered,  with 
Thomas  E.  Da%is.  Fred  C.  Gebhardt  and  J.  F.  A. 
Sandford  of  Xew  York.  Richard  Chute  and 
Franklin  Steele  of  St.  Anthony,  and  John  S. 
Prince,  of  St.  Paul,  as  incorporators.  To  this 
company  Mr.  Steele  and  ilr.  Ard  Godfrey,  who 
had  purchased  one-twentieth  of  the  power,  trans- 
ferred their  entire  east  side  water-power.  Feb- 
ruary 27th  of  the  same  year,  the  "Minneapolis 
Mill  Company"  was  formed,  with  R.  P.  Russell. 
M.  L.  Olds.  George  E.  Huy.  Jacob  Elliott.  Rob- 
ert H.  Smitli  and  D.  Morrison  as  incorporators. 

In  the  fall  of  1851,  R.  C.  Rogers  started  a 
small  feed  and  grist-mill  in  a  rude  way  at  the 
end  of  the  row  of  saw-mills,  built  by  ilr.  Steele 
on  the  east  side.  On  tlie  same  site,  the  following 
year,  Mr.  Steele  built  a  one-story  mill  and  Mr. 
Rogere  put  in  two  run  of  stone,  one  thirty-six 
and  the  other  thirty  inches  in  diameter.  The 
bolting  reel  was  twelve  feet  long  and  thirty-two 
inches  in  diameter,  and  the  cleaning  machiner>- 
was  zinc  and  sheet  iron,  perforated  with  a  hand 
punch.  What  a  consti-ast  is  here  afforded  to  the 
immense  structures  now  lining  the  banks  of  the 
river.  In  1853,  Mr.  Larpenteur,  a  farmer, 
brought  m  a  thirty-two  bushel  giist  which  was 
recorded  as  a  marvel,  and  the  largest  grist  ever 
ground  at  the  falls. 

The  Island  mill  was  completed  in  1854,  by 
Captam  John  Rollins,  Jolm  Eastman  and  R.  P. 
Upton,  40x60  in  size,  three  stories  high  above  the 
basement,  and  began  running  with  three  run  of 
stone,  which  was  soon  increased  to  five.  The 
wheat  for  so  large  an  enterprise  could  not  be 
furnished  by  tlie  simounding  counh'y.  and  was 
therefore  transported  ft-om  Iowa  by  boats  to  St. 
Paul,  and  thence  to  St.  Anthony  by  teams.  The 
flour  found  ready  sale  among  the  thousands  of 
new  settlers  in  the  territorj-,  at  S9  to  S12  per 
barrel  hi  sacks  :  but  the  bran  and  middlings  were 
chfficult  to  dispose  of.  The  fonner  Avas  frequently 
spouted  into  the  river,  while  the  middlings  were 
giound  over  and  sold  as  "  red  dog."  a  low  grade 
of  Hour,  to  the  Indians.  In  1858,  a  little  flour 
was  shipped  to  the  east,  the  beginning  of  the 
great  business  now  carried  on  so  extensively  with 
Xew  England,  as  well  as  with  all  parts  of  this, 
and  other  comitries.  The  circumstances  attend- 
ing the  fii-st  shipment  of  floiu:  were  said  to  be  as 
follows  :    Mr.  Getchell,  of  Champhn,  sent  a  con- 


signment of  flour  to  Xew  Hampshire,  this  being 
in  his  estimation  a  safe,  though  an  awkward 
method  of  sending  money,  resorted  to  for  the 
want  of  bills  of  exchange,  and.  as  it  proved  sat- 
isfactoiy,  an  order  for  one  hundred  barrels  soon 
followed,  the  first  ever  received  at  Minneapolis. 
The  next  difficulty  was  to  olrtain  barrels  in  which 
to  ship  the  flour,  since  there  was  no  barrel  maker 
short  of  Anoka:  this  man,  a  "  wet  cooper,"  split 
out  the  staves  by  hand,  and  manufactured  very 
imcouth  packages,  comjiared  A\ith  modern  coop- 
erage. The  packing  of  flour,  too,  was  by  old 
fashioned  prod  or  mangle,  and  the  barrels  brand- 
ed "Minnesota  Mills"  were  sent  on  at  an  ex- 
pense of  S2.2o  per  barrel.  In  1863.  improvements 
were  added,  incluilhig  cooper-shops,  additional 
runs  of  stone,  and  the  modern  style  of  packers. 
In  1869.  the  mill  was  rebuilt,  and  in  1870.  the 
first  flour,  made  from  middlings,  purified  as  well 
as  could  be  done  then,  was  shipped  to  New  York. 
To  the  surprise  of  the  shippers,  it  sold  for  fiftj" 
cents  per  barrel  more  than  their  best  brands.    In 

1871,  Brown  and  Martin  became  proprietors  of 
the  mill,  and  under  their  management  the  mill 
was  remodeled  and  improvements  made  in  the 
machuiery.  Eight  middlings  purifiers  were  ad- 
ded, and  the  mill  was  just  ready  to  start,  with  a 
full  supply  of  wheat  m  store,  when,  ilarch  5th, 

1872,  the  ven.-  night  before  they  expected  to  start, 
the  mill  was  burned  to  the  ground  without  in- 
surance. Thus  ended  the  first  effort  to  man- 
ufacture flour  according  to  the  modern  pro- 
cess, just  on  tlie  eve  of  its  success. 

Three  other  nulls  were  erected  on  the  East 
Side,  viz:  the  '■  River  Mills."  afterward  called 
the  '-Farmei-s'  Mill,"  built  in  1856  by  B.  C.  Mor- 
rison and  X.  M.  Prescott,  a  grist  mill  with  first 
two.  then  three  and  afterward  four  run  of  stone, 
which  was  burned  after  a  few  years ;  the  ''St. 
Anthony  Mill."  built  in  1864  by  Messrs.  Stam- 
witz  and  Schober,  burned  about  three  years  after 
its  completion,  while  the  property  of  Peter 
Schussler  and  Company:  the  "Summit  ilill," 
built  on  the  island  in  1865,  by  Messrs.  Erb  and 
Kassube,  with  four  run  of  stone.  This  mill  did 
not  burn  Init  came  to  an  untimely  end  b\  reason 
of  its  foimdations  beuig  undermined  by  the  tun- 
nel before  mentioned. 

"We  quote  here  from  a  valuable  series  of  articles 
in  the  "North-western  MUler,"  written  bv  F.  E. 


THE  MILL  EXPLOSION, 


391 


Hesler,  to  whose  researches  there  published,  we 
are  indebted  for  many  facts  relative  to  the  his- 
tory of  the  mills  at  Minneapolis.  He  wTites : 
"  So  perished  the  mills  of  the  East  Side  or  St. 
Anthony,  the  pioneer  structures  that  fathered 
the  industry  wliich  has  since  grown  to  such  vast 
proportions.  What  a  marked  change  from  the 
paltry  shipment  of  ten  baiTels  of  inibranded  flour 
sent  to  tlie  seaboard  by  way  of  team  and  river, 
to  the  thousands  of  baiTels,  under  brands  whose 
names  are  legion,  packed  to-day  and  landed  in 
three  short  weeks  in  the  European  markets. 
One  run  of  stone  then  made  one  hundred  barrels 
in  twenty-four  hours;  now  twenty-two  to  twenty- 
five  barrels  per  run  is  considered  an  abundant 
yield.  Then  the  dark,  uncomely  straight  flour 
was  difiicult  of  sale  ;  now  the  briglit,  snowy, 
patent  process,  world-wide  in  fame,  is  eagerly 
sought  in  every  land,  commanding  the  highest 
price  in  the  markets  of  the  world,  and  bringing 
millions  of  dollars  annually  to  our  coffers." 

Milling  on  the  west  side  began  as  soon  as  the 
"Minneapolis  Mill  Company''  made  preparations 
by  a  dam,  sluices  and  other  appliances,  for  utiUz- 
ing  the  power.  This  company  was  organized,  as 
we  have  seen,  in  1856,  and  innnediately 
began  their  improvements.  A  cotfer  dam  was 
buUt  to  hold  the  water  in  check,  and  the  solid 
limestone  rock,  which  forms  the  bed  of  the  river, 
.  varying  from  eighteen  to  forty  feet  in  thickness, 
was  blasted  out,  and  the  canal  thus  formed  was 
extended  to  "Cataract"  street,  now  Sixth  Avenue 
south,  a  distance  of  over  three  hupdi'ed  feet,  sev- 
enty feet  wide  and  fourteen  feet  deep.  The 
first  mill  on  the  west  side  was  built  by  Messrs. 
Eastman  and  Gibson,  commenced  in  1859,  and 
called  the  "Cataract  Mill."  It  was  first  built 
three  stories  in  height,  from  the  stone  of  the 
canal,  with  fom-  run  of  stone,  but  has  since  out- 
grown the  first  modest  pretensions.  It  has  been 
operated  since  the  first  owners,  liy  AVelles,  Gardi- 
ner, by  Gardiner  &  Barber  and  now  by  1).  R.  Bar- 
ber &  Son. 

The  "City  Mill"  was  built  by  Messrs.  Perkins 
&  Stini  in  1860,  a  two-run,  frame  mill,  two  stories 
in  height  above  the  canal,  and  near  the  site  of  the 
original  government  mill.  This  mill  did  a  large 
custom  business,  and  passed  through  several 
hands,  but  in  1879,  it  was  destroyed  by  fire. 

The  "Union  Mill"  was  built  in  1863,  by  Hem-y 


Gibson.  It  was  a  limestone  structure,  with  four 
run  of  stone,  but  has  been  several  times  en- 
larged until  it  bears  little  resemblance  to  its  first 
appearance. 

In  1865  the  canal,  made  in  1857,  was  extended 
six  hinidred  feet  further  down  the  stream,  giving 
room  for  many  new  mills,  and  increasing  the 
fall  at  the  lower  end  of  the  canal  to  forty-five  feet. 

In  1866,  the  "Arctic  Mill,"  with  three  run  of 
stone,  was  built  by  Perkins  &  Crocker;  the  "Min- 
neapolis," by  Frazee  &  Murphy,  with  six  run; 
the  "Taylor"  mill,  by  Taylor  Brothers,  with  six 
run,  and  the  mill  now  called  "Washburn  B," 
with  eleven. 

The  "Dakota"  was  built  in  1867,  by  Messrs. 
Russell  &  Huy,  a  frame  structure  still  standing, 
and  operated  by  H.  F.  Brown  and  Company,  the 
only  wooden  flouring  mill  in  Minneapolis.  The 
following  mills  were  soon  built:  The  Zenith,  Pal- 
isade, Holly,  Galaxy,  Hennepin,  Humboldt, 
Washbmn  A,  Anchor,  Pettit-Robinson,  Excel- 
sior, Washburn  B  addition,  Morrison,  and  Model. 
The  North  Star  was  built  ui  187(1,  the  Empire  in 
1872.  The  building  of  the  Standard,  Crown 
Roller,  Northwestern,  Trades,  and  the  rebuilding 
of  the  Wasliburn  A  and  Washburn  C  took  place 
in  1879.  The  Galaxy,  first  built  in  1871,  was 
rebuilt  in  1875,  and  again  four  years  later. 

THE  EXPLOSIOK. 

The  event  which  is  most  famous  in  the  history 
of  the  mills  of  Minneapolis,  and  which  called  the 
attention  of  the  whole  civilized  world  to  the 
milling  enterprise  of  this  city,  was  the  terrible 
explosion  of  May  2d,  1878,  attended  with  great 
loss  of  life  and  property. 

At  seven  o'clock  in  the  evening,  soon  after  the 
day-hands  had  given  place  to  those  employed  at 
night,  a  terrific  explosion  took  place  m  the  Wash- 
bum  A  Mill,  which  shook  the  solid  land  like  an 
earthquake,  breaking  thousands  of  dollars  worth 
of  glass  m  tlie  city,  and  felt  distinctly  at  St.  Paul, 
ten  miles  away.  The  first  shock  was  followed 
almost  immediately  by  a  second,  and  in  a  trice 
the  whole  vicinity  of  the  mills  seemed  in  a  blaze. 
The  rapidity  of  the  flames  was  so  great  that  the 
few  inmates,  even  if  not  covered  with  the  debris, 
could  not  escape,  and,  in  the  ^^'asllburn  A,  every 
man  perished,  to  the  number  of  fourteen.  When 
investigation  could  be  made,  it  appeared  that  the 


392 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


entire  walls  were  thrown  dowii  outwardly  by  the 
concussion,  which  was  said  to  be  due  to  the  ex- 
plosive cliaracter  of  tlie  dust  of  the  mill  mingled 
with  common  air,  when  brought  in  contact  witli 
flame.  Explanation  from  the  occupants  of  the 
mill  could  not  be  obtained,  since  only  theii"  man- 
gled and  charred  bodies  remained  a  silent  testi- 
mony to  the  horrors  of  the  catastrophe,  and  their 
faitlifulness  to  duty  was  proven  by  the  positions 
in  which  the  bodies  were  found.  Tlie  testimony 
of  witnesses  outside,  or  in  neighboring  mills,  was 
to  the  bursting  out  of  tire  on  the  lower  floor  just 
before  the  explosion,  and  appearances  indicated 
that  tlie  victims  of  tlie  disaster  were  lighting  the 
fire  at  the  time  the  fatal  explosion  took  place. 

The  disaster  was  not  confined  to  the  "Washburn 
A,  but  communicated  to  the  other  mills  in  prox- 
imity, with  loss  of  life  and  great  damage.  Five 
of  these  were  destroyed  in  addition  to  the  Wash- 
burn A,  and  five  more  were  damaged.  Eighteen 
persons  perished,  fourteen  ui  tlie  Washburn  Mill, 
one  each  mthe  Zenith,  Diamond  and  Humboldt, 
and  one  outside  the  mills.  The  mills  destroyed 
were  the  Washburn  A,  called  the  "Big  ilill," 
100  by  138  feet  on  the  ground  and  seven  and  a 
half  stories  high,  filled  with  the  most  approved 
machinery  and  having  forty-one  run  of  stone; 
tlie  Humboldt,  eight  nm;  Diamond,  six  run; 
Pettit,  Robinson  &  Company,  fifteen  run;  Ze- 
nith, six  run;  (ialaxy,  twelve  run.  The  dam- 
aged mills  were  the  Washburn  B,  badly  shaken 
up;  City,  a  wooden  mill,  considerably  shattered; 
Morrison,  slightly  disarranged;  Dakota,  consid- 
erably disturbed;  Palisade,  much  damaged. 

The  scene  of  the  disaster  was  a  tangled  mass 
of  debris,  not  one  stone  left  on  another.  The 
total  loss  was  estimated  at  nearly  a  million  dol- 
lars. 

The  sympathies  of  the  citizens  were  aroused, 
and  liberal  contributions  were  made  to  a  relief 
fund  for  the  widows  and  oi-phans,  caused  by  the 
disaster.  Many  thousand  dollars  were  paid  over 
til  tlie  families  of  tlie  victims,  and  tlie  charity 
and  lilierality  of  tlie  citizens  was  demonstrated. 

Mill  owners  were  here  taught  a  lesson  in  regard 
to  the  management  of  their  mills,  and  the  risk  to 
which  they  had  unconsciously  been  exposed.  In 
the  new  and  larger  mills  which  have  since  covered 
the  scene  of  disaster,  appliances  have  been  uitro- 
duced  to  remove  the  dust  from  the  mill,  and  thus 


prevent  the  recurrence  of  a  similar  catastrophe. 

As  the  present  process  of  milling  differs  so 
materially  from  the  old  method  of  gi-inding  by 
mill-stones,  it  will  be  attempted  here  to  give  a 
description  of  the  new  process  as  it  appears  to  a 
tyro,  avoiding  the  use  of  teclmical  terms  and 
without  minute  descriptions  of  the  machines  or 
processes.  ^Vt  the  same  time,  taking  one  of  the 
many  miUs  as  a  sample,  we  shall  attempt  to  ex- 
hibit the  amount  of  business  in  the  different 
branches  connected  therewith,  to  which  milling 
gives  rise.  The  basis  and  cause  of  the  reforma- 
tion in  milling  was  economy.  It  was  found  that 
by  the  old  method  of  crushing  the  wheat  between 
mill-stones,  the  rough  treatment  of  the  grain 
broke  up  the  bran  and  mixed  a  portion  of  it  with 
the  flour,  which  with  the  dirt  adhermg  to  the 
kernel  and  in  the  crease  and  the  germ,  not  only 
colored  tlie  whole  product  but  compelled  a  large 
portion  of  it  to  be  sacrificed  at  hm  prices.  The 
milling  reform  began  in  Hungai\-  under  the  name 
of  the  Hungarian  process.  Their  plans  were  im- 
proved on  in  this  city  and  improvements  are  stiU 
making  in  methods  and  machinery.  Millmg,  as 
at  present  carried  on,  can  only  be  said  to  be  three 
years  old;  indeed,  some  improvements  are  now 
for  the  first  time  making  in  the  new  mills  in 
process  of  construction.  The  method,  in  brief, 
is  as  follows: 

The  wheat  at  :Muineapolis  is  purchased  by  the 
MUlers  Association,  an  organization  formed  by 
the  various  millers  for  mutual  profit  and  protec- 
tion, when  it  is  taken  in  and  weighed  at  the 
elevators  of  the  different  companies.  The  cleans- 
ing process  is  the  first  step,  consisting  flret  of  large 
separators  by  which  stiaw  and  foreign  matter  is 
removed;  second,  it  is  passed  tbi'ough  two  oat 
and  weed  exti-actors.  and  through  a  cockle  ma- 
chine; it  is  next  scoured  and  then  passed  through 
two  sets  of  brushes,  after  which  it  is  brouglit  to 
tlie  crushing  machinery,  wliich  consists  first  of 
comigated  rollers.  The  first  reduction  or  Ineak. 
aims  to  craclv  open  the  berry  \\itliout  breaking  it 
in  fine  pieces.  It  may  be  stated  here  that  the 
outside  coating  or  bran  is  tougher  than  the  ben-y 
itself,  and  by  careful  breaking  of  the  kernel  it 
remains  nearly  entne  and  can  be  removed,  which 
coidd  not  be  accomplished  if  the  kernel  was 
crushed  at  once.  It  is  now  passed  through 
what  is  called  scalping  reels  by  which  any  remain- 


BOLLEB  PBOCESS. 


393 


ing  dirt  and  the  beard  is  removed.  A  little  flour 
comes  out  at  this  stage,  of  a  very  low  grade, 
called  red-dog,  the  market  for  which  is  wholly  m 
foreign  coimtries,  and  among  the  Indians.  It 
next  passes  to  the  second  reduction,  by  corru- 
gated rollers  set  closer,  when  it  is  broken  again. 
At  this  stage  three  separations  are  made;  some 
of  the  middlings,  the  liner  portion,  go  to  the 
purifiers,  and  the  coarser  to  the  third  reduction, 
while  some  flour  is  saved,  about  five  per  cent,  of 
■  a  quality  similar  to  the  old  process  flour.  At  tlie 
third  reduction,  still  by  corrugated  rollers,  four 
grades  of  middlings  are  separated  called  accord- 
ing to  their  coarseness,  Xo.  1  coarsest,  No.  2, 
No.  3,  No.  4,  and  some  flour  is  obtained  of  a 
better  quality  than  the  flour  from  either  of  the 
fore-going  reductions,  and  called  baker's. 

The  fourth  break  is  a  repetition  of  the  process 
of  the  thu'd  with  a  similar  result.  At  the  fifth 
reduction  only  three  grades  of  middlings  are 
separated,  No.'s  2,  3,  and  4,  as  the  successive 
eductions  and  separations  have  removed  the 
coarser  No.  1.  The  flour  obtained  at  this  point 
is  baker's,  but  of  a  poorer  quality  than  at  the 
last  stage.  At  the  sixth  and  last  reduction  the 
middluigs  are  all  removed  and  are  of  the  grades 
3  and  4;  the  flour  obtained  here  is  of  a  lower 
grade  than  the  last,  but  higher  than  the  red-dog 
which  was  obtained  after  the  first  reductiou. 
What  remains  is  the  bran.  Thus  far  the  process 
has  been  mainly  one  of  cleaning  and  preparing 
the  middlings  for  the  manufacture  of  flour.  The 
middlings  are  the  best  part  of  the  wheat,  and 
from  them  is  now  made  the  choice  flour  of 
market.  The  flour  hitherto  obtained  has  been 
only  that  part  which  was  too  much  pulverized 
and  therefore  siftedout  in  preparing  the  middlings 
for  the  miUing  yet  to  come.  Each  of  the  four 
grades  of  middlings  is  purified  separately  by 
different  macMnes,  adapted  to  each  grade,  pass- 
ing through  four  sets  of  machines.  They  are 
next  sent  to  smooth  rollers,  of  chilled  steel,  and 
highly  polished,  in  order  to  remove  small  par- 
ticles of  the  germ  and  liran  that  may  remain,  and 
to  pulverize  them  finally.  Tlie  flour  now  goes  to 
the  bolting  chests  and  the  product  is  the  best 
patent  floiu-.  Any  residue  that  has  not  been 
thoroughly  reduced  is  sent  to  the  old-fashioned 
miU-stones  and  the  product,  if  from  the  No.'s  1 
;ind  2  middUngs,  is  a  good  patent  flour,  if  from 


No.'s  3  and  4,  second  grade  patent.  This  gives 
in  plain  language  the  plan  of  the  new  milling 
process. 

We  will  now  attempt  to  give  an  idea  of  the 
business  by  describing  the  plan  of  operations 
laid  out  by  C.  A.  Pillsbury  and  Company  in  con- 
nection with  the  Pillsbury  A  mill,  now  nearly 
completed.  From  the  daily  product  of  the  mill, 
forty  cars  of  flour  and  ten  of  bran  are  anticipat- 
ed, which  will  form  three  full  trains  of  cars  with 
sixteen  or  seventeen  in  each  train.  In  running 
to  New  York,  five  days  at  least  is  required  by  a 
freight  train,  and  fifteen  trains  will  therefore  be 
required  constantly  to  convey  the  product  of  the 
mill  to  New  York,  besides  the  returning,  of  cars 
after  then-  freight  is  discharged.  In  addition  to 
this,  a  greater  number  of  cars  with  wheat  must 
arrive  daily  from  the  country  to  supply  the  huge 
monster  with  his  daily  food.  The  company  will 
own  and  operate  their  own  engine  and  train  for 
removing  grain  from  their  elevator  and  transfer- 
ring cars  to  different  roads.  The  cars  will  lie 
constructed  according  to  a  new  plan,  shaped  like 
a  hopper  for  unloading  tlie  grain  by  a  spout. 
Two  hundred  coopers,  with  modern  machinery, 
will  be  required  to  manufactiue  barrels  for  the 
mill. 

As  an  instance  of  rajiid  transit  and  prompt 
business  management,  we  report  the  following 
in  reference  to  the  Waslibimi  A  mill,  the  largest 
flouring  mill  in  the  wtirld.  A  contract  for  flour 
to  be  delivered  in  Liverpool  was  to  be  filled  at  a 
certain  day,  but  unforeseen  ditticulty  prevented 
its  manufacture  until  it  seemed  nearly  impossi- 
ble to  fulfil  it.  In  the  emergency,  arrangements 
were  made  with  a  through  line  to  run  a  special 
train  to  New  York  without  interruption,  and  the 
managers  of  the  Inman  line  of  steamers  for  Liv- 
erpool were  ready  to  receive  the  freight  on  its  ar- 
rival. By  this  means  it  reached  New  York  in 
four  and  one-half  days  from  the  time  of  its  man- 
ufacture, the  steamer  made  the  passge  in  eight 
days,  and  the  seventeenth  day  from  Minneapolis, 
the  flour  was  sold  as  bread  in  Liverpool  and  Lou- 
don. Twenty-nine  mills  are  now  in  operation  m 
Mimieapolis,  or  building,  with  a  daily  capacity  of 
25,225  barrels.  The  foreign  demand  is  large  and 
flour  is  shipped  to  all  parts  of  Europe  and  even 
to  Alexandria,  Egypt,  and  South  America.  The 
first  exporting  of  flour  was  attempted  in  1878, 


394 


HISTOSY  OF  HENXEPIN  COUNTY. 


and  its  superiority  procured  a  sale  of  109,183 
barrels  during  the  first  year;  in  1879.  the  export 
was  increased  to  442.598  barrels,  and  in  1880,  to 
769.442  liarrels. 

The  Pillsbury  "A"  Mill.  C.  A.  Tillsbury  and 
Company,  who  already  operate  several  large  mills 
at  the  falls,  are  just  pressing  to  completion  their 
'•A"  mill,  which,  it  is  anticipated,  will  have 
greater  capacity  than  any  other  flouruig  mill  m 
the  world.  It  is  located  in  the  East  Division, 
comer  of  ilain  Street  and  Third  Avenue  south. 
and  is  built  of  stone,  with  seven  stories  and  an 
attic.  The  dimensions  are  115  by  175  feet,  and 
the  height  from  the  bottom  of  the  wheel  pit  to  the 
roof  is  187  feet.  Work  began  on  the  mill  in 
March,  1879,  and  about  June  1st,  1881,  one  half 
of  the  mill  will  begin  operation.  The  entire  mill 
it  is  expected,  will  be  completed  January  1st.  1882, 
It  is  buildLug  under  the  management  of  William 
¥.  Gumi,  engineer,  James  Pye,  assistant  engi- 
neer. A  canal  was  built  at  great  expense  by  the 
new  Water-Power  Compauj .  to  supply  the  power 
for  the  mill,  for  which  C.  A.  Pillsbury  and  Com- 
pany pay  an  annual  rent  of  S5,000.  The  motive 
power  consists  of  two  victor  tiu'bine  wheels,  of 
twelve  hiuidred  horse  power  each,  and  are  so 
placed  as  to  secme  fifty-two  feet  head;  the  wheels 
are  so  adjusted  as  to  be  operated  either  combined, 
or  by  the  separate  power  of  one.  The  building 
is  heated  by  two  large  steel  boilers,  and  is  the 
most  complete  in  all  its  appomtments,  of  the  miUs 
at  Minneaixilis.  Much  taste  is  exhibited  in  the 
elegance  of  its  architecture  and  internal  finish. 
The  entii'e  cost  of  the  mill,  when  completed,  will 
be  about  half  a  million  dollars,  and  its  capacity 
is  estimated  liy  Engineer  James  Pye.  at  aliout 
four  thousand  barrels  per  day,  though  reported 
by  the  Board  of  Trade  at  four  thousand  eight 
hmidred.  It  will  have  four  hundred  pairs  of 
rollers,  two  hundred  middlings  purifiers  of  the 
Smith  pattern,  twenty  run  of  stone,  two  hundred 
bolting  reels,  and  all  other  macliinery  in  propor- 
tion, and  is  pro\-ided  with  every  convenience  that 
modern  improvement  can  suggest.  It  connects 
by  a  branch  with  the  St.  Paul,  Miimeapolis  and 
Manitoba  Railway,  two  tracks  running  in  front 
and  tluee  in  the  rear  of  the  mill.  About  one 
luuuhed  and  fifty  men  will  be  employed  in  the 
legitimate  business  of  the  mill,  besides  the  out- 
side uidustries  to  which  it  contributes  employment 


C.  A.  Pillsbury  &  Company  operate  four  mills 
on  the  west  side,  besides  the  A  mill  located  on 
the  east  side.  The  "Pillsbuiy,"  built  in  1865,  is 
60x80  feet,  and  six  stories  in  height,  including 
the  basement.  It  is  furnished  with  thhteen  run 
of  stone  and  fom-  water-wheels,  one  twenty-five 
and  one  thirty-inch  eclipse,  and  two  turbines  of 
^wenty-five  and  thirty-six  inches  diameter,  pro- 
ducing two  hundred  and  fifty  horse-power.  The 
capacity-  of  the  mOlis  500  barrels  daily,  requiring 
a  working  force  of  twenty-six  men. 

The  "Empire"  mill,  erected  in  1872.  is  in  size 
seventy  feet  square,  and  four  stories  high  above 
the  basement.  It  has  twelve  run  of  stone,  and 
two  turbine  wheels,  which  furnish  three  hundred 
horse-power.  Twenty-five  men  are  required  in 
its  operation.  The  capacity  is  500  barrels  per 
day. 

The  "Anchor"  mill  was  built  in  1874.  destroyed 
by  fire,  and  rebuilt  in  1879.  It  has  a  capacity  of 
500  barrels  per  day.  and  is  fiu-nished  with  twenty 
sets  of  smooth  and  fifteen  pairs  of  corrugated 
rolls,  three  run  of  stone,  and  twenty-six  purifiers. 
The  machinery  is  driven  by  a  tm-bine  wheel  of 
foit\-four  inches  diameter.  This  mill  fiu'uishes 
employment  to  twenty-six  men. 

The  "Excelsior"  mUl,  buUt  in  1877,  is  a  stone 
structure  with  brick  front,  45x106  feet,  with  a 
height  of  four  stories  in  front  and  six  in  the  rear. 
It  has  about  fif  t\-  sets  of  smooth  and  corrugated 
rolls,  and  a  capacitj-  of  500  barrels  per  day.  The 
number  of  men  employed  is  thirty.  An  eclipse 
wheel,  of  thirty-six  inches  diameter,  fimiishes 
360  horse-power.  This  mill  was  originally  equip- 
ped with  thirteen  run  of  stone,  and  during  the 
winter  of  1878-"9  was  changed  to  the  roller  sys- 
tem. 

The  Washburn  Mills.  The  massive  "A"  mill 
has  been  described  by  the  press  as  "  the  largest 
mill  in  America,  and  the  most  complete  mill  of 
its  size  m  the  world."  It  is  operated  by  Wash- 
birrn,  Crosby  and  Company.  It  is  twice  the  size 
of  the  old  A  mill,  and  covers  a  ground  space  of 
100x240  feet.  Its  height  is  eight  stories  above  the 
canal,  wliieh  the  east  end  of  the  building  fronts. 
From  the  platform  over  the  canal,  to  the  top  of 
the  cupola,  is  158  feet.  The  waUs  are  of  stone, 
five  feet  thick  at  the  base,  tapermg  to  three  feet, 
which  thickness  is  maintained  to  the  third  story. 
From  this  they  taper  to  twenty  inches  at  the  top. 


FLOURING  MILLS. 


395 


The  walls  and  wheel-pits  contain  371 ,250  cubic  feet 
of  masonry,  and  the  timberused,  exceeds  2,750,000 
feet.  One-half  the  mill  is  on  the  ground  occu- 
pied by  the  old  Waslibuni  A.  The  building  was 
begun  immediately  after  the  destruction  of  the 
old  mill,  rising  phcenix-like  from  the  ashes 
of  its  predecessor,  but  to  greater  dimensions  and 
grander  achievements.  During  the  completion  of 
the  C  mill,  work  on  the  A  mill  was  suspended 
until  the  spring  of  1S70,  and  al)()ut  the  last  of 
Jmie,  1880,  it  was  fhiished,  and  one-half  of  it  in 
operation.  It  is  built  nu  tlie  dual  plan,  and  it 
required  five  months,  with  a  large  working  force, 
to  adjust  the  machinery  in  the  part  first  put  in 
operation.  Some  idea  of  its  magnitude  may  be 
gained  from  the  fact  that  nearly  one  thousand 
bushels  of  wheat  were  recpiired  to  fill  it  up  be- 
fore the  flour  reached  the  packers. 

The  completed  part  started  with  a  capacity  of 
1,500  barrels  jser  day,  employing  seventy-five 
men,  at  a  weekly  expense  of  $1,000.  The  full 
capacity  of  the  mill  is  3,000  barrels.  It  is  fm'- 
nished  with  all  the  modern  improvements  in  the 
milling  art,  and  its  product  is  eagerly  sought  by 
foreign  purchasers.  The  lessons  taught  by  the 
terrible  disaster  of  May  2d,  1878,  have  not  been 
lost  in  the  construction  and  management  of  this 
mUl.  The  scrupulous  cleanliness  of  the  rooms, 
and  the  ingenious  appliances  for  straining  the 
air  from  the  purifiers,  thus  preventing  the  haz- 
ardous accumulations  of  dust,  effectually  ban- 
ishes the  fear  of  such  a  catasthrophe  as  visited 
the  mills  in  1878. 

Adjoinmg  the  mill  on  the  north-cast  corner,  is 
a  two-story  addition  24x45  feet,  on  the  upper 
floor  of  which  are  the  business  offices  of  the  mill, 
and  on  the  ground  floor,  the  elegant  rooms  used 
by  C.  C.  "\7ashburn,  as  his  private  oflice. 

The  whole  structiu'e,  as  well  as  its  furnishing, 
shows  the  most  accomplished  workmanship,  and 
a  lavish  expenditure  of  wealth.  "  The  North- 
western Miller"  of  .Inly  2d,  1880,  says  of  it: 
"The  mill  as  it  stands,  is  a  monument  of  Mr. 
Washburn's  indomitable  energy  and  perseverance, 
and  a  great  credit  to  the  city,  for  which  its  citi- 
zens should  feel  very  thankful  to  the  public  spir- 
ited builder." 

The  "B"  mill,  built  in  1866,  is  of  stone,  60x90 
feet  on  the  ground,  three  stories  liigh  in  front 


and  five  in  the  rear.  It  is  operated  by  a  sixty- 
inch  turbine  wheel  of  700  horse-power.  Above 
the  original  mill  is  a  story  of  wood,  the  front 
end  of  which  is  used  for  a  dust-room,  and  the 
back  end  for  machinery.  It  has  thirty  run 
of  stone,  and  its  daily  capacity  is  500  baiTCls. 
Twenty-five  men  are  employed  in  this  mill. 

In  size  and  capacity  the  "C"  mill  ranks  next  to 
the  "A,"  covering  ground  room  of  95x145  feet, 
besides  a  storehouse  adjoining.  40x83  feet,  and 
five  stories  high,  with  a  capacity  of  80,000  bush- 
els, exclusive  of  a  large  reserve  space  for  storing 
bran,  and  the  necessary  room  for  cleaning  and 
handling  grain.  It  was  first  built  in  1878.  and 
suffered  considerable  damage  from  the  mill  dis- 
aster. In  January,  1879,  it  was  materially  im- 
proved and  enlarged.  Tlie  first  building  had 
eleven  run  of  stone,  to  which  thirty  run  were 
added  with  tlie  addition  referred  to.  The  mill 
is  six  stories  high,  only  four  of  which  are  visible 
in  front.  It  is  operated  by  a  sixty-inch  American 
turbine  wheel,  and  uses  000  liorse-power.  Sev- 
enty-five men  are  employed  in  and  about  the  mill. 
Its  capacity  is  1 ,250  barrels  per  day. 

Adjoinhig  the  A  mill,  on  the  site  of  the  old  Dia- 
mond mill,  is  an  elevator  35x94  feet,  with  a  ca- 
pacity of  80,000  bushels,  besides  necessary  room 
for  cleaning,  and  storing  bnui. 

The  "Cataract"  mill  was  built  by  Eastman 
and  C4ibson,  in  1859,  and  was  the  first  stone  mill 
built  at  the  falls.  It  has  since  been  owned  by 
Judd  and  Brackett,  from  whose  hands  it  went  to 
Commodore  Davidson,  and  from  him  was  pur- 
chased, in  1872,  by  D.  R.  Barber  and  Son,  by 
whom  it  is  owned  and  operated  at  present.  The 
building  then  occupied  ground  room  45x60  feet, 
and  was  three  stories  liigh  above  the  basement. 
In  1875  another  story  was  added,  and  in  the  fall 
of  1879,  an  addition  on  the  river  side,  of  20x45 
feet,  besides  dust  rooms,  16  feet  high,  built  of 
wood,  and  iron  clad.  The  basement  story  is  18 
feet  high  and  the  others  from  15  to  18  feet.  It 
has  six  run  of  stone,  ten  sets  of  corrugated  and 
sixteen  sets  of  smooth  rollers.  Its  capacity  is  500 
barrels  per  day,  using  from  90  to  100  horse-power 
with  a  reserve  of  125  horse-power,  furnished  by 
a  48  inch  turbine  wheel.  Tlie  mill  is  run  night 
and  day,  furnishing  employment  to  twenty-five 
workmen  at  an  average  weekly  expense  of  §300. 
The  mill  is  valued  at  $80,(J00,  and  hke  all  the 


396 


EISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


large  mills  at  tliis  point,  semis  its  piddiict  to 
eastern  cities  and  to  Europe. 

The  "Arctic"  mill,  Ilobart  and  Sliuler  proprie- 
tors, located  on  the  eastside  of  First  street,  is  of 
stoue,  and  was  built  by  Perkins  and  Crocker  in 
1861.  It  is  quadrilateral  in  form,  fifty-five  feet 
front,  lifty-five  feet  on  the  east  and  thirty  feet  on 
the  west  end.  It  is  six  stories  in  height,  includ- 
ing the  basement.  It  has  eight  run  of  stone  and 
six  sets  of  rolls.  A  forty-eight  inch  turbine  wheel 
of  two  hundred  and  fifty  horse-power  drives  the 
machinery.  This  mill  has  a  capacity  of  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  barrels  per  day,  and  requires  a 
working  force  of  ten  men. 

The  '-I'rown  Roller"  mill.  Christian,  Brother 
and  Company,  was  built  in  1879-80,  and  is  one  of 
the  largest  mills  at  the  falls.  It  is  124x145  feet 
in  size  and  seven  stories  in  height.  The  stnic- 
ture  is  of  brick,  with  heavy  stone  foundation. 
The  machinery  of  this  mill  consists  of  one  hun- 
ch-ed  and  twenty-four  sets  of  rolls,  fifty-fom-  of 
which  are  corrugated,  one  hundred  and  eighty 
piu'ifiers  and  eleven  run  of  stone.  Its  wheel  is  a 
turbine  of  forty-eight  inches  diameter.  Tlie  total 
daily  capacity  of  the  mill  is  2,40<l  barrels.  A 
working  force  of  sevent>'  men  is  employed,  at  a 
weekly  expense  of  one  thousand  dollars.  This 
mill  has  also  storage  capacity  for  lll.OOd  bushels 

grain,  and  is  valued  at  $300,000. 

The  "Dakota"  mill  was  built  in  ISGT.  and  is  a 
frame  stracture,  46x100  feet,  four  stories  high 
above  basement.  It  is  owned  and  operated  by  H. 
F.  Brown  and  Company.  The  equipment  con- 
sists of  six  run  of  stone,  four  sets  of  smooth  and 
one  pair  of  corrugated  rollers;  the  motive  power 
is  furnished  by  a  turbine  wheel  of  two  hundred 
horse-power,  one-half  of  which  is  used.  Its  daily 
capacity  is  two  hundred  and  fifty  barrels,  and  ten 
men  are  required  in  its  operation. 

The  "Galaxy"  mill,  Cahill,  Fletcher  and  Com- 
pany, proprietors,  was  built  in  1871  by  W.  V. 
^Vnkeuy,  burned  in  1874  and  rebuilt  the  following 
year.  In  1877  it  was  purchased  by  Mr.  Cahill, 
and  was  destroyed  in  the  mill  "disaster"  of  May, 
1878.  In  1879,  it  was  rebuilt  by  Cahill.  Fletcher 
and  Company,  the  present  owners  and  operators. 
It  is  of  stone  and  covers  a  space  65x100  feet;  six 
storifes  high  in  front,  and  eight  in  the  rear.  The 
mill  has  six  run  of  stone,  thirty  sets  of  Stevens 
rollers,  sixteen  sets  of  smooth  rollers,  iind  twenty- 


two  Kirk  jiurifiers.  A  36-inch  victor  wheel  of 
two  hinidred  horse-power  drives  the  machinery. 
The  capacity  of  the  Galaxy  mill  is  two  hundred 
barrels  per  day.  Twenty-five  men  are  employed, 
whose  wages  amount  in  the  aggregate  to  ?350  per 
week. 

The  "Holly"  mill  was  built  of  stone,  in  1872, 
and  in  1878  was  bought  by  Hinkle  Bros.,  who  are 
the  present  owners.  Its  size  is  50x65  feet,  five 
stories  high  above  basement.  It  has  six  run  of 
stone  and  twelve  sets  of  rollers,  which  are  pro- 
pelled by  a  forty-eight  inch  four  hundred  horse- 
power turbine  wheel.  At  present  one  hundred 
and  twenty-five  horse-power  is  all  that  is  required 
to  produce  daily  two  lumdred  barrels  of  flour. 
The  working  force  is  fifteen  men,  who  receive 
$175  per  week. 

The  "Humboldt"  mill  was  erected  on  the  east 
side  of  Second  street,  between  Seventh  and 
Eighth  Avenues  south,  by  Bull  and  Newton.  It 
is  constructed  of  brick,  65x95  feet  and  four  stories 
high  above  the  basement.  The  average  height  of 
the  stories  is  fourteen  feet.  The  power  is  fur- 
nished by  a  ^'ictor  turbine  wheel  of  one  hundred 
and  fifty  horse-power.  Originally  it  was  f lu'nished 
with  fourteen  run  of  buhrs,  but  in  the  fall  of  1880 
it  was  refitted  by  Ilinkle,  Greenleaf  and  Co.,  its 
present  operators,  with  forty  sets  of  rollers  and 
ten  run  of  stone,  making  its  capacity  seven  hmid- 
red  barrels  per  day.    The  mill  is  valued  at  $85,000. 

The  "ilumeapolis"  mUl,  owned  by  Crocker, 
Fisk  and  Co.,  was  built  in  1865,  by  Frazee,  Mur- 
phy and  McIIerron.  At  the  time  it  was  furnished 
with  five  run  of  stone  and  produced  three 
huniUed  barrels  per  day.  Destroyed  by  fire  in 
1871.it  was  immediately  rebuilt  by  its  present 
owners,  who  increased  its  capacity  to  four  hund- 
red barrels  per  day.  It  is  55x60  feet,  four  stories 
high,  and  requires  the  labor  of  sixteen  men.  In 
1880  the  roller  system  was  adopted,  using  twenty 
sets  of  smooth  and  corrugated  rollers. 

The  "Model"  mill,  owned  by  Russell,  Ilineline 
and  Company,  is  of  stone,  and  was  built  in  1877, 
by  Russell,  Roots  and  Crosen.  It  is  five  stories 
high  including  basement,  is  42x62  feet,  and  is 
valued  at  $60,000.  A  25-inch  victor  turbine  wheel 
of  100  horse-power  propels  seven  ran  of  stone,  five 
sets  of  smooth  and  five  of  corrugated  rollers, 
which  daily  produce  250  barrels  of  fiour  requir- 
mg  eight  men  at  a  weekly  expense  of  $120. 


FLOUBINO  MILLS. 


397 


The  "North  Star"  mill,  valued  at  §40,000, 
built  m  1870,  by  McMiillen  and  McIIerron,  was 
purchased  of  them  Lu  1S71,  by  II.  J.  G.  Croswell, 
its  present  owTier.  It  is  45x100  feet,  three  stories 
above  basement,  and  has  six  run  of  stone  and 
three  sets  of  rollers,  for  which  power  is  furnished 
by  a  42-inch  Dayton  wheel.  The  establishment 
daily  produces  250  barrels  of  flour,  requiring  a 
working  force  of  ten  men  whose  wages  aggregate 
1150  per  week. 

"Northwestern  Roller"  mill  is  owned  by  Sidle, 
Fletcher,  Holmes  and  Company.  It  was  com- 
pleted in  January,  IHSd,  and  is  50x107  feet,  eight 
stories  high  including  basement  and  sub-base- 
ment, and  is  callable  of  producing  1,000  barrels 
per  day,  using  a  44-inch  turbine  wheel  of  600 
horse-power.  The  mill  is  thoroughly  equipped 
with  latest  improvements  in  machinery,  and  re- 
quires a  working  force  of  fifty-six  men  whose 
aggregate  wages  average    1 ,200  per  week. 

The  "Palisade"  mill  was  built  in  1872-3,  at  a 
cost  of  about  $100,000,  by  L.  Day  and  Company. 
It  is  60x80  feet,  four  stories  high  in  front  and 
six  in  the  rear.  The  stories  average  twelve  feet 
in  height.  The  macliinery  consists  of  twelve 
run  of  stone,  sixteen  sets  of  smooth  and  four 
sets  of  corrugated  rollers.  It  manufactures  500 
barrels  per  day.  The  motive  power  is  furnished 
by  two  turbine  wheels,  one  36-inch  of  295  horse- 
power, and  one  30-inch,  of  194  horse-power. 
This  Arm  pays  fourteen  men  about  |20u  per 
week. 

The  "Pettit"  mill  was  lirst  built  in  1875  by 
Pettit,  Eobinson  &  Company,  and  after  the  great 
disaster  of  May  2d,  1878,  was  rebuilt.  It  is  60x 
100  feet,  six  full  stories  including  basement. 
Twenty  nm  of  stone,  twenty-three  sets  of  smooth 
and  four  sets  of  corrugated  rollers,  propelled  by 
a  forty-eight-inch,  450  horse-power  turbine  wheel, 
produce  800  barrels  of  flour  per  diem.  The  mill, 
which  is  valued  at  $100,000,  gives  employment 
to  forty-five  men  whose  salaries  aggregate  S500 
per  week. 

The  "Phoenix"  mill,  a  stone  structure,  .50x66 
feet,  four  stories  high  with  basement,  is  located 
at  the  corner  of  Main  Street  and  Sixth  Avenue. 
S.  E.,  and  is  valued- at  $60,000.  It  is  owned  by 
Stamwitz  &  Schober.  Athirty-flve-mch  tirrbine 
wheel  of  fifty  horse-power  drives  three  run  of 
stone,  five  sets  of  smooth  and  six  sets  of  corru- 


gated rollers,  which  are  capable  of  producing  200 
barrels  per  day. 

In  1879  the  "Standard"  mill  was  built  by  E. 
V.  White  &  Company,  the  present  owners.  It  is 
of  brick  with  a  heavy  stone  foimdation,  is  50x155 
feet,  and  sLx  stories  high,  valued  at  $2(1(1,000. 
A  forty-four-inch  victor  turbine  furnishes  600 
horse-power  to  produce  1,200  barrels  of  flour 
daily.    It  requires  the  labor  of  thirty-five  men. 

The  "Trades"  mill,  a  brick  structure  40x59 
feet,  two-stories  above  basement,  is  owned  by 
Hawthorne  Bros.  It  has  three  run  of  stone  and 
one  pair  of  corrugated  rollers  foi'  flour,  and  one 
nui  of  stone  for  feed.  Its  capacity  is  100  barrels 
of  flour  per  day.  A  50-horse  power  engine  op- 
erates the  machinery. 

The  "  Union  "  mill  built  by  Henry  Gibson,  in 
1861,  was  the  second  stone  mill  on  the  west  side. 
It  stands  on  the  river  side  of  the  canal,  foot  of 
First  street,  is  47Jx60  feet,  and  four  full  stories 
high  above  the  basement  storj-.  Its  wheel  is  a 
48-inch  turbine,  its  capacity  200  barrels  per  day, 
using  75  to  100  horse-power,  with  a  reserve  of 
200.  It  has  six  run  of  stone,  and  employs  ten 
workmen,  running  night  and  day,  at  an  average 
yearly  expense  for  wages,  of  $7,800.  It  is  owned 
and  operated  by  G.  W.  Goodrich  and  T.  11.  Per 
kins — firm  name  G.  W.  Goodrich  and  Company. 
Their  principal  sales  are  in  Philadelphia,  New 
York,  Boston  and  European  cities,  making  heavy 
shipments  on  orders  from  Liverpool,  London  and 
Glasgow,  about  one-third  of  their  business  being 
with  the  last  named  points. 

The  "  Zenith"  mill  owned  by  Day  and  Rollins, 
valued  at  $70,000,  is  a  stone  structure  40x102  feet, 
five  stories  high.  It  was  first  built  in  1870 — 1, 
but  was  destroyed  by  the  explosion  of  May  2d, 
1878,  and  was  rebuilt  in  November  of  the  same 
year.  It  has  ten  run  of  stone,  eleven  sets  of 
smooth,  and  four  sets  of  corrugated  rollers.  A 
48-inch  turbine  wheel  of  200  horse  power  propels 
the  machinery.  The  capacity  of  the  mill  is  500 
barrels  per  day. 

The  "North  Star"  feed  mill,  owned  and  operat- 
ed by  F.  C.  Rideout  &  Co.,  is  located  on  Second 
street  and  Fourteenth  Avenue  north.  It  is  30x40 
feet,  one  and  one-half  stories  Irigh;  has  two  run 
of  stone  and  a  seven-foot  reel  for  bolting  produce, 
and  is  driven  by  a  twenty-five  horse-power  engine. 
This  mill  manufactures  fifteen  tons  of  feed  daily. 


898 


HISTOBY  OF  HEA^'NEPIN  COUNTY. 


This  firm  lias  another  feed  mill  in  connection 
with  their  store,  at  401.  Sixth  Avenue  south.  It 
has  one  run  of  stone,  driven  by  a  ten  horse-power 
engine.    The  capacity  is  five  tons  of  feed  per  day. 

J.  E.  Osborne's  feed  mill  is  located  in  the  East- 
man manufacturing  building,  on  XicoUet  Island. 
It  has  one  run  of  stone,  which  has  a  capacity  of 
one  ton  per  hour. 

Upton's  grist  mill,  also  located  in  the  Eastman 
manuufactiu'ing  building,  has  two  nni  of  stone. 
and  produces  feed  at  the  rate  of  one  and  one-half 
tons  per  hour.  The  power  is  furnished  by  the 
East  Side  Water  Power  Company,  from  a  shaft 
running  throughout  the  entire  building.  In  con- 
nection with  this  mill,  Mr.  Upton  has  a  fm-nace 
and  two  revolving  cylindei-s,  each  holding  two 
barrels,  for  roasting  coffee,  peanuts,  etc. 

The  "  Tower "  mill,  operated  by  Richards  & 
Cooley,  owiied  by  Phillip  Ilerzog,  is  situated  on 
Main  street  comer  Third  Avenue  south-east.  It 
is  nm  as  a  gi'ist  and  feed  mill,  and  contains  one 
nm  of  stone  and  a  bolter  for  graham  Hour,  etc. 

jiiller's  association. 

The  Minneapolis  Millers'  Association  was  or- 
ganized in  1867,  with  the  following  members: 
Judd  and  Bracket!,  Eastman  and  Cahill.  Taylor 
Brothfrs,  Frazee  and  Muqjhy.  Darrow  Brothers 
and  Tomlinson,  Perkins  and  Company.  Officei-s: 
president,  George  Brackett ;  vice-president.  W. 
F.  Cahill;  secretary  and  agent,  Dwight  Putnam; 
purchasing  agent.  O.  Mays.  In  1869  this  asso- 
ciation, to  which  the  present  organization  owes 
its  existence,  was  dissolved.  In  1875  the  associa- 
tion was  revived,  though  agam  as  an  experi- 
mental institution,  with  representatives  of  seven- 
teen large  milhng  estjiblishments  as  members. 
The  officers  of  the  experimental  association  were: 
president,  D.  E.  Barber;  secretary,  F.  B.  :Mills; 
general  agent.  W.  11.  Dunwoody;  The  object  of 
the  organization  was  to  provide  against  dangerous 
competition  among  purchaser,  and  the  purchase 
of  wheat  was  put  into  the  hands  of  one  general 
agent,  with  sole  charge  of  local  buyers  at  all  in- 
terior points  as  well  as  proper  distribution  upon 
its  arrival  at  Minneapolis,  pro  rata  among  the 
members  of  the  association,  according  to  the  ca- 
pacity of  their  respective  mills.  Money  was  fm- 
nished  by  the  members  for  purchases  when  called 
for  by  the  general  agent 


The  temporary  organization  took  a  permanent 
form  m  1876.  as  a  corix>rate  body  m  accordance 
with  the  laws  of  the  state,  with  the  following 
incorporators:  John  A.  Christian,  C.  11.  Pettit, 
Vr.  p.  Ankeny.  Leonard  Day,  J.  S.  Pillsbury,  C. 
G.  Hazard.  D.  K.  Barber,  George  "W.  Crocker, 
Carroll  T.  Ilobart.  M.  AV.  (ietchell,  II.  J.  G. 
Croswell.  M.  B.  Rollins,  William  F.  CahiU,  F.  B. 
Mills,  G.  Schober,  Henry  Darrow,  and  B.  S.  Bull. 

The  firet  president  of  the  reorganized  association 
was  W.  P.  Ankeny ;  secretary,  C.  G.  Hazard, 
and  general  agent,  C,  S.  Bunker.  The  stock  of 
the  company  was  increased  from  835,000  to  S75,- 
000,  distributed  in  shares  of  S50  each.  The  mem- 
bership is  open  to  any  co-partnership,  corporation 
or  individual  operating  a  tlouring-mill  in  Henne- 
pin county,  on  subscribing  and  paying  for  at 
least  twelve  shares  of  the  stock.  Of  the  total 
359  run  of  stone  in  Minneapolis  in  1880,  340  are 
represented. 

The  total  amount  of  wheat  purchased  by  the 
association,  of  the  crop  of  1879-80,  up  to  Decem- 
ber 30th,  was  12.826,899  bushels.  The  grand  total 
of  the  purchases  of  the  association  from  June  1st, 
1875,  to  December  30th,  1880,  was  29,044,118 
bushels.  The  prices  maintained  by  the  associa- 
tion during  its  existence  prove  it  far  from  antag- 
onistic to  the  interest  of  producere,  for  prices 
have  ruled  higher  relatively,  for  wheat  of  equal 
quality  in  MimieapoUs  than  in  Chicago  or  Mil- 
waukee. By  their  position  as  consumers,  one 
profit  is  saved,  which  enables  the  association  to 
pay  higher  prices  than  middle  men  can  aff^ord. 

The  present  officers  of  the  association  are : 
president,  "W.  H.  Dunwoody ;  vice  president, 
AV.  F.  Cahill;  secretary,  F.  II.  Greenleaf ;  treas- 
urer, D.  R.  Barber;  general  agent,  E.  B.  An- 
(b-ews:  board  of  directors,  C.  C.  Washbuni.  John 
Crosliy.  \V.  II.  Dunwoody,  C.  J.  ilartin.  L. 
Christian.  C.  M.  llardeubergh,  J.  A.  Christian, 
E.  V.  White.  D.  Morrison,  H.  E.  Fletcher,  J.  K. 
Sidle.  C.  A.  Pillsbury,  W.  F.  CahUl,  L.  Day,  Geo. 
W.  Crocker,  M.  B.  Rollins.  D.  R.  Barber,  F.  L. 
Greenleaf.  F.  S.  llinkle.  W.  H.  Hiidile,  and  G. 
Schober. 

ELEVATORS. 

The  ^linneapolis  Elevator  Company  was  or- 
ganized as  a  stock  company  under  the  general  laws 
of  the  state,  in  1879,  with  a  capital  stock  of 
§500,000.       Elevator   A,    located    on    Chestnut 


ELEV ATOMS. 


399 


Avenue,  near  the  city  limits,  was  built  in  1879 
and  the  first  wheat  taken  in  January  20th,  1880. 
The  building  occupies  a  space  of  86x182  feet  on 
the  ground  and  rises  to  a  height  of  147  feet 
from  tlie  fomidations.  Tlie  latter  are  twelve  feet 
in  depth  and  the  superstructure  is  of  the  heaviest 
timber,  covered  with  corrugated  sheet  iron,  which 
makes  it  practically  fh-e-proof.  This  elevator, 
wliicli  was  built  at  a  cost  of  $150,000,  is  the 
largest  and  most  complete  in  its  appointments  of 
any  in  the  west,  the  total  capacity  lieing  780,000 
bushels.  The  an-angemeut  of  bins,  and  the  ma- 
chinery for  unloading  and  elevating  grain  are  of 
the  latest  improved  patterns,  the  ludoading  ap- 
paratus being  especially  ingenious.  Two  men, 
with  the  aid  of  shovels  operated  by  steam  power, 
being  enabled  to  unload  a  car  containing  four 
hinidred  bushels  of  wheat,  in  four  minutes. 

An  engine  room  of  brick,  30x40  feet,  in  which 
a  Corliss  engine  of  two  hundred  and  twenty-five 
horse  power  is  placed,  is  located  west  of  the  ele- 
vator. This  engine  is  the  only  one  of  the  kind 
in  use  west  of  Milwaukee  and  is  a  fine  piece  of 
workmanship.  Its  fly-wheel  is  seventeen  feet  in 
in  diameter,  and  the  main  shaft  fly-wheel  of  six- 
teen feet  diameter.  The  tracks  of  the  St.  Paul, 
Minneapolis  and  Manitoba,  and  the  Minneapolis 
and  St.  Louis  railways,  pass  the  elevator,  the 
greater  part  of  the  grain  handled  coming  over 
these  roads  from  the  great  wheat  fields  of  the 
Northwest  and  from  Southern  Minnesota  and 
Northern  Iowa.  The  oflicers  of  the  company  are, 
L.  Fletcher,  president;  C.  II.  Petitt,  treasiu-er;  F. 
S.  Hinkle,  secretary;  and  C.  W.  Tracy,  superin- 
tendent. 

The  Union  Elevator  was  erected  in  1867  by  a 
stock  company,  the  members  of  whicli  were  W. 
W.  Eastman,  A.  H.  Wilder,  Col.  Merriam  and 
D.  C.  Shepherd,  known  as  the  Union  Elevator 
Company.  It  is  located  on  Washington  Avemie, 
comer  of  Ninth  Avenue  south,  and  is  now  known 
as  Union  Elevator  Station,  on  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
wauke  and  St.  Paul  Railway.  For  ten  years  it 
was  operated  by  tlie  elevator  company,  the  rail- 
way company  paying  one  and  one-half  cents  per 
bushel  for  handling  grain.  In  1877,  the  railway 
company,  purchased  the  elevator  and  has  since 
continued  its  management,  using  it  exclusively 
for  gi-ain  carried  over  that  line.  The  capacity 
of  the  elevator  is  130,000  bushels.    Mr.  E.  E. 


Holt,  the  present  agent,  has  been  in  charge  for 
the  past  twelve  years. 

The  Pacific  Elevator  is  located  on  Washing- 
ton, corner  of  Fourth  Avenue  north,  at  the  cross- 
ing of  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  ^Manitoba 
Railway.  It  was  erected  in  1868,  Ijy  W .  F.  David- 
son, and  has  since  been  under  his  control.  The 
building  is  50x80  feet,  and  120  feet  hi  height,  the 
capacity  being  85,000  bushels.  The  number  of 
bushels  handled  amounting  annually  to  from  five 
to  seven  hundred  thousand.  The  receipts  are 
from  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Manitoba,  and 
the  Minneaiiolis  and  St.  Louis  railways.  The 
elevator  is  furnished  with  a  thirty  horse  jiower 
engine  of  the  Ames  pattern.  Six  men  find  em- 
ployment at  this  elevator,  under  the  supervision 
of  Mr.  J.  F.  Low,  who  has  been  in  charge  since 
September,  1870.  In  1874,  Mr.  Low,  by  working 
a  force  day  and  night  passed  one  million  bushels 
of  grain  through  this  elevator. 

The  Pillsbury  Elevator  is  located  on  Como 
Avenue,  on  tlie  east  side,  on  the  St.  Paul,  ^linne- 
apolis  and  Manitoba  and  Northern  Pacific  rail- 
ways. It  was  built  in  1880-81 ,  for  the  piu'pose  of 
storing  gram  for  the  use  of  the  A  mill,  and  has  a 
capacity  of  250,000  bushels.  The  cost  of  the 
building,  including  the  seventy-five  horse-power 
engine,  was  $25,000. 

The  Central  Elevator  was  built  in  1881.  by  a 
company  known  as  the  Central  Elevator  Company, 
composed  of  Huntington,  Potter  and  Ermen- 
trout.  This  elevator  has  a  capacity  for  150,- 
000  bushels.  In  its  construction  700,000  feet  of 
lumber  w'ere  used.  Cost  of  the  structure  was 
about  $25,000.  A  sixty-five  horse-power  engine 
supplies  motive  power  for  the  machinery.  It  is 
located  on  the  line  of  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis 
and  Manitoba  Railway,  at  the  crossing  of  IIol- 
den  Street,  and  is  intended  for  the  storage  of 
coarse  grains  only. 

The  necessity  for  large  store-houses  for  wheat 
was  one  long  felt  in  this  city,  and  led  to  the  erec- 
tion of  the  elevators  just  described.  At  times, 
some  of  the  mills  have  been  obliged  to  close,  on 
accoiuit  of  short  supplies  of  wheat,  but  the  con- 
struction of  these  elevators,  w^ith  a  total  capacity 
for  storing  1,500,000  bushels  of  grain,  affiu-d  the 
millers  reservoirs  from  which  they  can  draw^  at  all 
times,  and  have  no  fear  of  creating  a  shortage. 


400 


HISTORY  OF  HENNHPIN  COUNTY. 


CHAPTER  LXIV. 

WATEIt  roWKK  COJIl'ANIES— IMtODlCT  OF  H'M- 
HKK— liOOJI  lOMrANIKS— LVMBEIt   5III-LS. 

Saint  Anthony  i'alls  Water  Power  Company. 
]5y  an  act  aiiproved  February  26th,  1856,  the 
Sahit  Anthony  Falls  Water  Power  Comiiany  was 
incorporated  for  the  pui-pose  of  improving  the 
water  power  on  the  east  side.  The  following 
gentlemen  apiiear  as  incorporators:  Franklin 
Steele.  John  F.  A.  Sanford.  Frederick  C.  Geb- 
hardt.  Richard  Chute  and  John  S.  Prince.  The 
capital  stock  was  placed  at  $16n.ono.  divided  into 
shares  of  ^100  each.  The  act  authorized  Frank- 
lin Steele  to  call  the  tirst  meeting  and  act  as  pres- 
ident pro  tem.,  imtil  a  president  should  be  elected 
regularly.  The  act  also  provided  that  the  officers 
of  the  company  shoidd  be  a  president,  secretary, 
treasurer  and  three  directors,  with  power  to  in- 
crease the  number  of  directors  by  a  majority 
vote  of  the  stock.  The  first  meeting  was  held  in 
18.5(i.  in  Xew  York  city,  pureuantto  a  call  issued 
by  :Mr.  Steele,  which  was  attended  by  all  the  cor- 
porators. The  otticers  elected  were:  Franklin 
Steele,  president;  Richard  Chute,  secretary  and 
treasurer;  and  Franklin  Steele,  Thomas  E.Davis, 
Fred.  C.  (iebhardt,  John  S.  Prince.  Richard 
Cliute  and  John  F.  A.  Sanford.  directors. 

A  (piestion  arose  as  to  the  legality  and  validity 
of  the  organization,  on  accoiuit  of  the  tirst  meet- 
ing being  held  outside  the  territory  of  Minnesota, 
and  in  1857  an  act  was  passed,  legalizing  the  ac- 
tion of  the  New  York  meeting;  also  allowing 
meetings  to  l)e  held  in  the  territory  only.  In 
1866  an  act  was  passed,  which  gave  the  corpora- 
tion the  privilege  of  holding  meetings  at  any  place 
its  officers  might  deem  most  convenient.  In  1871 
an  act  was  i)assed  authorizing  the  company  to 
change  its  corporate  name  and  changing  the  offi- 
cial list  to  that  of  iiresident  aiul  twelve  directors, 
but  made  no  provision  for  secretary  and  treasurer, 
consequently  was  not  accepted  by  the  company, 
as  it  was  not  ])assed  at  its  request.  In  1S75  an 
amendatory  act  was  passed,  providing  that  the 
officers  of  the  company  should  be,  president,  sec- 
retary, treasurer  and  six  dircctois.  permitting  the 
stock-holders  to  increase  or  diminish  the  number 
of  directors  by   a  majority  vote,  also  allowing 


them  to  issue  one  or  more  classes  of  preferred 
stock  and  to  cany  on  any  kind  of  mechanical  or 
manufacturing  business.  The  capital  stock  was 
hicreased  to  S640.n00.  and  April  16th,  1880,  the 
whole  was  purchased  by  James  J.  Hill,  acting  for 
a  syndicate.    The  officers  of  the  company  are  R. 

B.  Angus,  president;  JIdward  Sawyer,  seerefairy 
iind  treasurer;  R.  15.  Angus,  James  J.  Hill  and 
Edward  Sawyer,  board  of  directors. 

The  Minneapolis  Mill  Company  was  incorpor- 
ated Februarj-  27th,  1856,  for  the  purpose  of  im- 
proving the  water  power  at  St.  Anthony  Falls, 
from  the  center  of  the  main  channel  to  the  west 
side.  The  incoi-porators  were,  Roswell  P.  Rus- 
sell. M.  L.  Olds,  (ieorge  E.  Huy,  Jacob  Elliot, 
Robert  H.  Smith,  U.  Morrison,  lieorge  K.  Swift, 

C.  C.  Washburn,  Leonard  Day,  J.  JiT.  Newton,  B. 
F.  Brown  and  B.  F.  Friday.  The  first  officere  of 
the  company  were,  Robert  Smith,  president;  D. 
Morrison,  treasurer,  and  George  E.  liny,  secre- 
tary. The  board  of  directors  R.  P.  Russell,  1). 
Jilorrison  and  Jacob  Elliot.  This  company  own 
a  number  of  mill  sites  located  upon  the  canal  con- 
structed by  them,  and  also  operate  the  lumber 
mills,  known  as  the  Platform  ^lills.  The  present 
officers  of  the  company  are,  C.  C.  Washburn, 
president;  W.  D.  Hale,  secretary,  and  H.  H. 
Douglass,  engineer  and  agent.  The  business 
office  of  the  company  is  on  the  canal,  at  the  foot 
of  Sixth  Avenue  south. 

The  business  to  which  Mimieapolis  owed  its 
growth  entirely  for  many  years  was  that  of  lum- 
ber. This  industry  has  been  extended  and  is 
now  one  of  vast  dimensions.  Situated  near  the 
southern  boundary  of  the  extensive  pineries,  the 
falls  w^ere  firet  utilized  in  reducing  its  logs  to  lum- 
ber. Providentially,  in  these  extensive  forests 
lumber  for  building,  and  wood  for  fuel  was  stored 
centiu'ies  ago,  a  fortunate  provision  against  the 
inclemency  of  the  vigorous  climate. 

Every  ray  of  sunshine  ever  shed  here  has  been 
acciunuhding  in  various  forms  of  pent  up  heat, 
waiting  for  the  progress  of  civilization  with  its 
subtle  alchemy  to  utilize  it  for  comfort  and  for 
the  development  of  the  resources  of  the  countrv. 
livery  log  that  comes  down  the  river  bears  testi- 
mony l)y  the  rings  of  its  successive  year's  growth, 
to  the  preparation  of  centuries  for  the  habitation 
of  enlightened  men.  Important  and  necessary 
as  this  material  is  to  the  welfare  and  progress  of 


B003I    COMPANIES. 


401 


the  country,  it  is  nevertlieless  true  tiiat  tlie  de- 
struction of  the  forest  wliieh  it  entails,  may  at 
some  future  day  he  a  source  of  regret,  for  forests 
exercise  a  modifying  influence  on  climate  and 
rain  fall,  and  Ijesides  add  greath'  to  the  beauty 
of  a  coimtry,  easy  to  destroy  but  diflicidt  to  re- 
place. Still  lumber  for  building  and  wood  to 
bum  must  be  had,  and  Minneapolis  is  well  sup- 
plied with  botli. 

Twelve  lumber  mills  located  at  Minneapolis 
furnished,  in  1879, 149,754,547  feet  of  lumber;  in 
1880,  195,4;)2,182  feet,  67,058,500  shingles  and 
31,432,500  lath.  The  waste  from  these  mills 
furnishes  summer  fuel  to  the  citizens  and  pro- 
vides a  large  portion  of  the  wood  supply  of  the 
city.  Employment  is  funushed  by  them  to  a  vast 
number  of  men,  who  are  seen  in  the  fall  in  pic- 
turesque costume,  conspicuous  by  flaming  red 
frocks  and  buskins,  preparing  for  their  winter 
camps  in  the  pineries.  Again  they  appear  on  tlie 
streets  in  March,  with  the  earnings  of  the  whiter 
in  their  pockets,  but  out  of  employment  until 
the  ice  goes  out  of  the  river,  which  usually  hap- 
pens aljout  the  middle  of  April.  During  the  few 
weeks  of  interim  between  the  breaking  up  of  the 
lumber  camps  and  the  opening  of  the  river  and 
starting  of  saw-mills,  thousands  of  idle  men 
spend  too  freely  the  hard  earned  wages  of  the 
winter,  and  often  make  the  streets  noisy  by  dis- 
orderly carousals.  Some  are,  however,  employed 
in  the  necessary  work  of  breaking  up  the  ice,  a 
work  done  amuially  in  the  spring,  from  the  falls 
up  two  miles  on  the  river,  by  the  use  of  saws  and 
dynamite  t(j  avoid  the  dangers  attending  an  ice 
blockade  which  would  be  inevitable,  where  ice 
forms  during  the  winter  to  a  thickness  of  three 
or  four  feet.  After  the  season  opens,  sparks  fly 
from  the  high  chimneys,  and  the  hum  of  the 
busy  saws  continues  night  and  day.  The  logs, 
resulting  from  the  winter's  work  ui  the  upper 
streams  come  down  in  great  numbers  guided  to 
their  respective  destinations  by  the  booms  of  the 
boom  company. 

The  Mississippi  Boom  Company,  F.  Steele,  J. 
R.  Brown,  Daniel  Stanchlield,  and  their  assistant 
construction  company,  was  chartered  February 
3d,  1851,  for  a  term  of  fifteen  years,  subject  to 
alteration  and  amendment  after  five  years.  Cap- 
ital stock  was  placed  at  §25,000,  and  shares  at 

$100.    Stock-holders  liable  between  St.  Paul  and 
26 


St.  Anthony.  They  were  permitted  to  charge  for 
all  logs  sorted,  rafted  and  delivered  at  foot  of 
boom,  fifty  cents  per  thousand,  besides  scalage, 
or  cost  of  measurement. 

The  St.  Anthony  Boom  Company,  W.  Getohell, 
F.  Steele,  J.  G.  Lennon,  S.  W.  Farnham,  Ard 
Godfrey,  Joseph  Libbey  and  assistant  construc- 
tion company,  was  organized,  their  charges  being 
forty  cents  per  thousand.  These  companies  were 
subsequently  merged  into  the  Mississippi  and 
Rum  River  Boom  Company.  On  November  29th, 
1856,  a  meeting  was  held  by  the  projectors  of  this 
company,  and  articles  of  incorporation  drawn  up, 
in  expectation  of  recognition  at  the  ensuing  ses- 
sion of  the  territorial  legislature,  and  stock  to  the 
amount  of  59,200  subscribed.  March  21st,  1857, 
the  act  of  incorporation  was  passed,  with  capital 
stock  at  $15,000.  The  first  board  of  directors  was 
composed  of  C.  F.  Stimson,  R.  Chute,  J.  B.  Bas- 
sett,  John  R.  Lovejoy  and  D.  M.  Hall.  The  first 
regular  meeting  was  held  November  29th,  1856 
and  the  following  officers  elected:  John  S. 
Prince,  president;  G.  W.  Buckmore,  vice-presi- 
dent and  James  A.  Lovejoy,  secretary.  At  that 
time  the  limits  of  the  company  extended  from  the 
limits  of  the  St.  Anthony  Boom  Company  four 
miles  above  the  falls,  to  a  point  five  miles  up 
Rum  river.  In  1862,  by  il  legislative  act,  the 
limits  were  extended  up  the  Mississippi  to  Crow- 
river  and  down  to  Nicollet  Island.  This  act  took 
from   them   all   jurisdiction  on  Rum   river.     In 

1867,  another  amending  act,  enabled  them  to  in- 
crease their  capital  stock  to  $100,000,  as  fast  as 
imjirovements  in  the  river  were  made,  and  also  to 
condemn  lands  needed  for  imiu'ovement.  and  reg- 
ulate the  admission  and  discharge  of  logs.    In 

1868,  the  limits  were  extended  up  Rum  river  to 
Cedar  creek,  and  in  1877  extended  up  the  Missis- 
sippi to  Monticello,  the  present  boundary.  The 
officers  of  the  company  are:  S.  H.  Chute,  presi- 
dent; O.  C.  Merriman,  vice-president;  James  A. 
Lovejoy,  secretary  and  S.  B.  Lovejoy.  treasurer. 
Board  of  Directors.  S.  II.  Chute,  O.  C.  Merriman, 
James  A.  Lovejoy,  J.  Dean  and  L.  Day.  The 
business  office  of  the  company  is  at  Xo.  36,  Cen- 
tral avenue. 

In  1850,  S.  W.  Farnham  commenced  the  man- 
ufacture of  lumber  in  the  first  saw-mill  at  Saint 
Anthony,  the  one  erected  by  Franklin  Steele  in 
1847-8.    The  equipment  of  the  mill  was  but  one 


402 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIX  COUNTY. 


sasb-saw  and  one  sash-niacliine.  Mi*.  Fambam 
seem''  to  bave  got  the  mills  in  fail-  working  order, 
as  be  states  that  from  18-52  to  ISoo.  the  annual 
protluction  was  1.200,000  feet  of  lumber.  In 
1855  Mr.  Farnbam  retired  from  the  lumber  lousi- 
ness, but  in  1859  be  again  engaged  in  it  at  the 
present  location  of  the  Farnham  &  Lovejoy  mill 
on  Hennepin  Island.  The  establishment  then 
contained  one  muley  saw,  two  rotaries,  one 
sliingle  and  one  lath  machine,  and  furnished 
employment  to  fifty  men.  producing  amiually 
from  three  to  four  million  feet.  In  1861  J.  A. 
Lovejoy  became  a  partner,  and  the  mill  was  im- 
proved and  new  machinery  added.  From  that 
time  until  1873,  when  the  mill  was  destiwed  by 
fire,  the  production  amounted  to  from  nine  to 
twelve  millions  amuiaUy.  The  mill  was  rebuilt 
and  began  sawing  Hay  1st,  1874,  with  two  double 
circulars,  one  forty-saw  gang,  two  doulile  edgers. 
and  other  necessary  machinery.  The  mill  is  in 
size  65x140  feet,  and  produces  yearly  twenty-live 
million  feet  of  lumber.  One  himdred  and  fifty 
men  find  employment  with  this  company.  In 
connection  with  the  hmiber  mill  the  firm  bave  a 
planing-miU  and  dry-house  located  on  the  corner  of 
Sixth  Street  and  First  Avenue  north-east, 
the  building  and  yard  occupying  one  acre  of 
groimd.  Foiur  planers  and  other  minor  ma- 
chines are  operated,  driven  by  an  engine  of  one 
hundred  and  forty  horse-power.  There  is  also 
one  dry  kiln  containmg  four  stalls. 

The  Butler  Mill,  built  in  1877,  by  L.  Uutler, 
was  in  the  fall  of  1879  purchased  by  Eastman, 
Bovey.  and  Co.  This  mill  is  oO.xloO  feet,  located 
on  the  East  Side  [ilatform.  The  machinery,  con- 
sisting of  one  gang  of  saws,  one  double  circular, 
one  double  block  shingle  machine,  edgers,  trim- 
mers, etc.,  is  propelled  by  a  tmbuie  water  wheel 
of  one  hundred  and  eight\-  horse-power.  The 
capacity  is  80,000  feet  of  liunber,  50,000  shingles 
and  20,000  lath  per  diem,  and  the  entire  cut  for 
1880.  amounts  to  about  13.000,000.  The  company 
employs  upwards  of  eighty  men  and  the  pay  roll 
is  about  $5,000  per  montli.  The  valuation  of  the 
structure  is  $30,000. 

In  18B9  Eastman  and  Bovey  bought  of  the  ^lia- 
neapolis  MiU  Company,  the  Pioneer  ilill,  located 
on  the  West  Side  platform  next  to  the  river.  In 
1871  the  firm  was  increased  by  the  addition  of  H. 


D.  Eastman.    In  1879  Mr.  W.  W.  Eastman  re- 
tired from  the  company. 

The  J.  B.  Bassett  and  Co.  saw  mill,  located  at 
the  foot  of  Fifth  Avenue  south,  was  buUt  in  1870, 
by  its  present  owners.  The  building.  80x100  feet, 
is  equipped  with  one  double  circular,  one  forty- 
saw  gang,  one  sliingle  and  one  lath  machine,  five 
planers,  one  re-s;»wing  machine,  edgei-s.  trim- 
mers, and  all  the  fixtures  belonging  to  a  first  class 
saw-miU.  The  motive  power  is  furnished  by  a 
sixty  inch  turbine  wheel  of  two  hundred  horse 
power,  one  liundied  and  twenty-five  of  which  is 
used  to  produce  daily  90,000  feet  of  lumber,  30,000 
shingles  and  30.000  lath.  The  valuation  of  the 
mill  is  $60,000,  and  it  requires  sixty  men  to  operate 
it,  «ith  a  pay  roll  of  S3,o00  per  month.  In  con- 
nection with  this  miU  is  a  thoroughly  equipped 
planing  mill. 

Capt.  John  Rolhns  built  the  "  Rollins "  saw- 
mill ill  1871,  and  operated  it  untU  1873.  At  that 
time  it  produced  from  40,000  to  50,000  feet  of 
lumber  daily,  using  one  twenty-four-saw  gang, 
one  double  circular  and  one  lath  machine,  run  by 
an  150  horse-power  engine.  With  an  mcreased 
capacity  of  75,000  feet  per  day,  it  produced  in 
1880,  about  7,500.000  feet.  F.  P.  Clark,  who 
now  owns  the  mill,  purchased  it  in  1873,  and  put 
in  a  patent  trimmer.  lie  employs  about  one 
hundi-ed  men  in  null  and  yards. 

^lill  Xo.  2,  on  the  east  side  platform  was  buUt 
by  Todd,  Conner  and  Gaines,  in  1870 — 1.  About 
1876  or  1877,  Frederick  Butterfleld  became  the 
owner  and  allowed  it  to  lie  itUe  until  April  1st, 
1880,  when  Cole  and  Hammond  leased,  and  still 
operate  it.  Shortly  after  the  date  of  this  lease, 
W.  W.  Eastman  purchased  and  now  owns  the 
mill.  A  fifty-four  inch,  200  horse-power  turbine 
wheel  propels  one  double  fleet  gang,  two  double 
rotaries,  a  shingle  and  lath  machine,  which  man- 
ufacture daily  100,000  feet  of  lumber,  45,000 
shingles  and  30,000  lath,  requiring  eighty  men  to 
operate. 

The  Platform  miUs  are  owned  and  operated  by 
the  Jlinneapolis  Mill  Company,  of  which  C.  C. 
Washburn  is  president.  V>'.  D.  Hale,  secretary, 
and  H.  H.  Douglass,  engineer  and  agent.  The 
company  control  seven  of  the  mills  on  the  plat- 
form, viz:  Pioneer  mill  producing  15,000,000 
feet,  of  lumber  annually,  with  one  gang  and  one 
circular ;  the  Day  mill  havuig  one  gang  and  one 


LUMBER  MILLS. 


403 


circular,  makes  10,000,000  feet  per  annum  ;  Jones, 
one  gang  and  one  circular,  17,000,000;  Crocker 
mill,  one  gang  and  one  circular,  8,000,000 ;  Lin- 
coln, two  gangs  and  one  circular,  18,000,000  ; 
Pettit,  one  gang  and  one  circular.  lO.dOO.OOO. 
The  Morrison  mill  is  at  present  dismantled  and 
idle. 

The  Goodnow  and  Ilawley  mill  was  built  in 
1S71,  on  the  site  of  the  mill  known  as  the  "Mof- 
fat Mill,"  corner  of  First  street  and  Fourth 
Avenue  north,  a  small  structure  with  a  few  circu- 
lar saws  and  devoted  principally  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  doors,  sash  and  blinds.  In  1873  Mr.  Mof- 
fat sold  to  Mr.  Bedford  who  took  as  partners 
Messrs.  Boyce  and  Baker.  The  mill  was  by  this 
firm  enlarged  and  new  machinery  added.  In 
1875,  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  W.  C.  Baker  who 
operated  it  until  1878,  when  he  leased  it  for  a  term 
of  years  to  Goodnow  and  Ilawley,  the  present  pro- 
prietors. Tlie  capacity  of  the  mill  during  a  ten 
hours  run  is  75,000  feet  of  lumber,  35,000  sliingles, 
and  15,000  lath.  The  machinery  consists  of  one 
twenty-six-saw  gang,  one  rotary  saw,  one  shingle' 
and  one  lath  machine,  operated  by  an  engine  of 
150  horse-power.  The  firm  employs  1-10  men, 
and  its  pay  roll  amounts  to  |6,000  per  month.  In 
1879,  Messrs.  Goodnow  and  Ilawley  rebuilt  and 
improved  the  mill  throughout.  Its  size  is  40x80 
feet. 

Mill  No.  1,  on  the  East  Side  platform,  owned 
by  Merriman,  Barrows  and  Company,  built  by 
L.  Butler,  in  1870-71,  is  run  by  a  200  horse-power 
wheel,  and  gives  employment  to  150  men,  whose 
pay  amounts  to  .f7,o(lO  per  month.  It  was  op- 
erated three  years  by  L.  Butler  and  Company, 
then  passed  into  the  hands  of  O.  C.  Merriman 
and  Company,  who  run  it  four  years,  when  the 
present  firm  of  ilerriman.  Barrows  and  Com- 
pany was  organized,  and  took  possession.  This 
firm  consists  of  O.  C.  Merriman,  J.  S.  Lane,  L. 
M.  Lane  and  F.  C.  Barrows.  The  daily  product 
of  this  concern  is  120,1100  feet,  the  machinery 
used  being  a  thirty-eight-saw  gang,  two  circulars, 
two  shingle  machines,  making  46,000  shingles, 
and  two  lath  machines  making  20,000  lath  per 
day. 

In  1872,  McMullen  &  Company  built  a  mill  on 
the  site  of  their  present  structure,  known  as 
"Saw-mill  No.  5,"  located  on  the  East  Side  plat- 
form.   Its  capacity  was  25,000  feet  of  lumber  and 


250,000  shingles  every  ten  hours.  In  the  winter  of 
1878- '9  this  mill  was  found  inadequate,  and  rebuilt 
and  fitted  with  entirely  new  machinery.  This  in- 
creased its  capacity  to  from  80,000  to  90,000  feet 
of  lumber,  100.000  shingles  and  30,000  lath  every 
ten  hours.  The  power  is  furnished  by  a  flfty- 
four-inch,  250  horse-power  turbine  wheel.  The 
company  employs  from  150  to  200  men,  and 
theh'  pay-roll  amounts  to  |;8,000  per  month. 
The  product  of  1880  amounted  to  20,000,000  feet 
of  lumber,  15,000,000  shingles  and  4,000,000  lath. 
The  firm  is  composed  of  Jas.  McMullen  and  two 
sons,  Albert  E.  and  Wilbur  II. 

Mill  No.  3,  on  the  East  Side  platform,  built  by 
Todd,  Haven,  Leavitt  &  Company,  in  1873,  is 
now  owned  by  Todd,  Martin  &  Companj-.  The 
machinery,  gang  saw,  one  double  rotary  saw,  one 
single  and  one  double  shingle  machine  and  one 
lath  machine,  produces  daily  over  90,000  feet  of 
lumber  etc.  The  motive  power  is  a  200  horse- 
power wheel.  The  company  employs  sixty  men, 
paying  them  !|^4,500  per  month. 

The  "  Pacific  Mill, "  owned  by  Camp  and 
Walker.  Tliis  mill  is  located  on  the  west  side, 
just  above  the  suspension  bridge,  and  is  called 
the  largest  and  most  thoroughly  equipped  lumber 
mill  in  the  country.  The  original  mill  was  built 
in  isiio,  by  J.  Dean  and  Company,  who  conducted 
it  until  1876,  when  the  present  firm  became  its 
proprietors.  The  old  mill  was  destroyed  by  fire, 
October  Gth,  1880,  and  the  firm  began  at  once  to 
rebuild.  The  mill  is  in  size  66x132  feet,  its 
construction  and  machinery  costing  about  $85,- 
000.  Steam  is  generated  by  nine  two-flue  boilers, 
22  feet  in  length,  the  engine  being  of  600  horse- 
power when  using  steam  pressure  of  eighty 
pounds.  The  immense  smoke-stack,  the  founda- 
tions of  wiiich  extend  fifteen  feet  in  depth,  is  150 
feet  in  height,  and  in  its  construction,  more  brick 
were  used,  than  are  in  the  Nicollet  House.  The 
foundations  for  the  main  shaft,  gangs  and  circu- 
lar mills,  are  of  solid  masonry,  built  up  from  the 
ledge  below.  There  are  two  large  circular  mills, 
with  steam  feed  and  canters,  one  Wick's  gang 
of  thirty  saws,  and  one  twenty-six-saw  gang, 
besides  the  necessary  minor  machinery,  all  of 
modern  improved  make.  The  estimated  product 
of  the  mill,  is  150,000  feet  in  ten  hours  and  25,- 
(100,000  feet  annually.  In  1880,  the  product  of 
the  old  mill  was  14,036,000  feet  of  lumber,  15,- 


404 


HISTOBY  OF  RENJSTEPIN  COUNTY. 


000,000  shingles  aiid  «.000,000  lath.  This  tirm 
fimiishes  employment  to  200  men.  in  the  mill 
and  in  their  extensive  logging  operations. 

Tlie  sash,  door  and  blind  factory  of  Bard  well, 
Robinson  &  Co..  located  at  the  foot  of  Thirteenth 
Avenue  south,  was  estaltlished  by  Bisbee.Bardwell 
&  Huntington  in  the  spring  of  1875.  In  the  faU 
of  that  year  Mr.  Huntington  retired,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1876  P.  P.  Eddy  entered  the  firm.  The 
following  fall  Mr.  Bisbee  sold  to  S.  C.  Eobinson, 
and  in  January,  1877,  Mr.  Eddy  was  succeeded 
by  C.  N.  Robinson,  and  the  firm  has  since  been 
Bardwell,  Robinson  &  Co.  They  cut  their  own 
logs  and  have  them  manufactured  into  lumber, 
of  which  they  annually  use  2,500,000  feet,  besides 
1,000,000  feet  which  they  purchase.  Their  trade, 
which  amounts  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand 
dollars  per  year,  extends  in  all  directions,  and  is 
steadily  increasing.  They  employ  one  hundred 
men,  paying  them  three  thousand  dollare  per 
month. 

Camp  and  Walker's  planing  mill  is  on  the  cor- 
ner of  Fifth  street  and  Fourth  Avenue  north.  Its 
size  is  50x100  feet,  contains  three  planing  ma- 
chines, one  siding  machine  and  one  rip  saw,  pro- 
pelled by  a  sixty  horse-power  engine.  The  engine 
room  and  office  is  a  two  stoiy  brick  18x40  feet. 
The  work  done  by  this  mill  is  exclusively  on  lum- 
ber manufactured  liy  the  Pacific  Mills,  belonging 
to  the  same  timi.  It  furnishes  employment  to 
ten  men. 

Johnson  and  IIurd"s  planing  mill  on  Third 
street  and  Third  Avenue  south,was  erected  in  1866 
by  Jesse  Copeland  and  Co.  Between  this  date  and 
1870,  several  changes  were  made  in  tlie  firm.  At 
this  time  Mr.  Johnson  pm-chased  of  L.  Lingen" 
feller  three-fifths  interest  in  the  business  and  his 
partners  were  Jesse  and  Frank  Copeland.  who 
omied  the  remaining  two-fifths  interest.  The 
mill  was  then  50x100  feet,  and  two  Etories  high, 
containing  three  planing  machines,  a  quantity  of 
sash  and  door  machinery,  and  a  thirty  horse-power 
engine.  In  1871.  Mr.  Johnson  purchased  Jesse 
Copeland's  interest  and  enlarged  the  mill.  In  the 
spring  of  1876  he  purchased  Frank  Copeland"s  in- 
terest and  conducteil  the  business  alone  for  a 
year.  In  March,  1877,  Mr.  Johnson  formed  a 
stock  company,  known  as  S.  L.  Johnson  and  Co. 
In  April,  1880,  B.  C.  Ilurd  having  purchased  all 
of  the  stock  except  Johnson's,  the  name  became 


Johnson  and  Hurd.  They  employ  forty  men,  pay 
S2.()00  per  month  and  enjoy  an  annual  business 
of  about  S7o,000. 

Henry  T.  Welles  built  the  Xorth  Star  planing 
mill,  on  River  street,  comer  of  Third  Avenue 
north-east,  in  the  fall  of  1877.  and  two  years  later 
Joy  and  Erb  leased  it  for  a  period  of  five  years. 
Mr.  Joy  manages  the  North  Star,  while  Mr,  Erb 
superintends  Goodnow  and  Hawley's  mill.  The 
mill  contains  three  planing  machines,  one  siding 
saw,  one  re-sawing  machine  and  one  rip  saw.  A 
forty-five  horse-power  engine  furnishes  power  to 
plane  35.000  feet  of  lumber  per  day. 

The  planing  mill  of  R.  B.  Langdon  and  Co. 
was  erected  on  Third  street,  near  Tenth  Avenue 
south,  in  1872,  by  the  firm,  and  has  been  in  con- 
tinuous operation  since,  planing,  and  manufactur- 
ing mouldings.  The  building  is  80x100  feet,  has 
five  planers,  siding  and  rip  saws,  driven  by  a  one 
hundred  horse-power  engine.  The  annual  pro- 
duct is  from  10.000.000  to  15,000,000  feet,  which 
requii-es  sixteen  men  to  handle. 

E.  Moulton  and  Son's  planing  mill,  comer  of 
Di\ision  and  Taylor  streets.  East  Divisou,  is  36x56 
feet  and  was  built  in  1878.  It  contains  two 
planers  and  other  machinery  necessary  to  a  first- 
class  mill.  Employing  twelve  men.  it  has  a  ca- 
pacity of  70.000  feet  every  ten  bom's.  Mr.  Moul- 
ton, who  was  in  the  business  for  sixteen  years, 
first  built  a  mill  on  the  island,  which  was  de- 
stroyed by  the  tunnel  wash-out  of  1868. 

The  St.  Louis  planing  mill,  Ninth  street  and 
Central  Avenue,  was  built  in  1878,  by  W. 
C.  Stetson  and  B.  F.  Nelson.  In  March, 
1879,  the  firm  of  Stetson  and  Nelson  dissolved, 
and  Mr.  Nelson  continued  alone  mitU  November 
1, 1880,  when  it  was  leased  for  a  year  by  the  firm 
of  Nelson,  Tenney  and  Co.  The  structure  is 
22x80  feet,  all  stone  and  iron.  A  low  pressure 
one  hundred  horse-power  engine  drives  four 
planers,  one  moulding  machine,  one  siding  saw, 
and  one  rip  saw.  The  company  pays  SI  ,000  per 
month  to  twenty-five  men.  who  handle  80,000 
feet  of  lumber  daily.  The  firm  of  Nelson,  Ten- 
ney and  Co.  are  heavy  dealers  in  lumber,  sash  and 
doore.  occupying  a  yard  containing  three  squares. 
Mr.  Nelson  also  owns  the  large  sash  factory 
leased  by  Smith  Parker  and  Co.,  who  employ  one 
hundred  men.  This  mill  is  operated  by  a  low  pres- 
sure, one  hundred  and  fifty  horee-power  engme. 


PLANING  MILLS. 


40.5 


The  East  Side  planing  mill,  on  Fifth  street  near 
the  depot,  was  erected  by  Kiissell,  Tennant 
and  Company,  and  staited  up  on  September 
20th,  1878.  After  this  firm  had  conducted  it 
eighteen  months,  Mr.  Tennant  bonglit  out  the 
other  two  gentlemen,  and  now  owns  and  con- 
trols the  establishment  alone.  The  building  is 
16x60  feet,  and  is  fully  equipped  as  a  first-class 
mill,  tnrnhig  out  about  1,00(1,(100  feet  per  month, 
requiring  ten  men,  whose  pay  roll  is  about  S40() 
per  month. 

The  sash,  door  and  blind  factory,  and  planing 
mill  of  Wheaton,  Reynolds  and  Company,  Cen- 
tral Avenue,  corner  of  Sixth  street,  was  built  in 
1870,  by  W.  C.  and  H.  A.  Stetson.  The  origi- 
nal building  was  30x60  feet,  but  additions 
have  been  made  from  year  to  year  until  the 
establishment  now  consists  of  the  sash  factory, 
40x110  feet,  two-stories  higli,  planing  mill  20x60 
feet,  one  story,  steam  department  20x40  feet,  dry 
kiln  18x50  feet,  and  shed  room  covering  space  of 
one  acre ;  one  fifty  and  one  thirty  horse-power 
engine  furnish  the  power.  The  company  em- 
ploys sixty  men,  paying  them  $600  per  week. 
The  business  for  1880,  was  $100,000.  Their 
planing  mill  turns  out  80,000  feet  per  diem. 

Jenson,  Gilbrathson  and  Company's  planing- 
mill  and  sash,  door  and  blind  factory  was  estab- 
lished in  1880,  on  Kineteenth  Avenue  south.  The 
main  building  is  two  stories  in  height,  .50  x  100 
feet.  The  engine-room,  containing  a  sixty-five 
horse-power  engine,  is  two  stories  in  height,  built 
of  stone.  The  second  story  of  this  building  is 
used  as  a  drying-room.  This  mill  is  fitted  up  in 
the  most  approved  style ;  has  elevators,  tele- 
phones, etc.  The  members  of  the  firm  are : 
James  Jenson,  business  manager,  J.  N.  Gilbrath- 
son, supermtendent  of  factory,  and  W.  II. 
Stringer. 

John  Briggs  built  his  shingle-mill  on  Water 
Street,  corner  Tenth  Avenue  north-east,  in  the 
spring  of  1880,  and  commenced  operations  in 
Jime.  The  structure  is  22  x  75  feet,  is  operated 
by  a  forty  horse-power  engine,  and  employs  seven 
men  to  run  it.  The  machinery  consists  of 
one  shingle-machine,  and  another  will  be  added. 

P.  G.  Lamoreaux's  shingle-mill  occupies  the 
site  of  the  Miinieapolis  Lumber  Mill,  which  was 
burned  in  ]Ma\',  1880.  It  is  located  at  the  east 
end  of  the  upper  bridge.    The  machinery   con- 


sists of  one  single  and  one  double  shingle-machine. 
Mr.  Lamoreaux  has  commenced  to  rebuild  his 
saw-mill,  which  will  be  36x126  feet,  containing 
one  gang  and  one  circular  saw. 

Ilobart  and  Chatterton's  mill,  located  at  the 
east  end  of  the  upper  bridge,  was  buUt  in  187(5. 
The  firm  marmfactures  cedar  posts,  telegraph 
poles,  piles,  and  shingles.  A  twenty-five  horse- 
power engine  operates  one  shingle-machine,  one 
circular  saw,  and  a  trimmer,  producing  25,000 
shingles  and  from  2,000  to  3,000  posts  per  day. 
The  firm  employs  twenty-five  men,  whose  pay  roll 
amounts  to  $900  per  month. 

The  door,  sash  and  blind  factory  of  Frazer 
and  Shepherd,  corner  of  Fifth  street  and  Fourth 
Avenue  north,  was  built  in  January,  1879.  The 
factory  consists  of  main  buildmg,  30x64,  two 
stories  high,  dry-house,  18x24,  and  an  addition 
1 8  X  24.  It  is  thoroughly  equipped  witli  improved 
machinery,  and  employs  sixty  men.  The  power 
is  furnished  by  the  engine  of  the  Camp  and  Walker 
planing-miU,  on  the  oi)posite  side  of  the  street, 
and  is  transmitted  by  cable. 


CHAPTER  LXV. 

IRON    MANUFACTORIES MILL    FURNISHEKS- 

HARVESTBR  WORKS— PLOW  FACTORIES— MIS- 
CELLANEOUS MANUFACTURERS. 

The  extensive  milling  interests,  previously  de- 
scribed, necessarily  make  room  for  large  manu- 
factories of  iron  work.  This  is  especially  true 
of  the  flouring  mills  in  consequence  of  the  pro- 
gressive character  of  the  business.  No  sooner  is 
a  mill  in  running  order  than  improved  machines 
are  invented  and  introduced,  furnishing  employ- 
ment to  numerous  shops.  The  heavy  iron  work 
and  the  ornamental  iron,  brass  and  copper  works 
are  represented  by  several  firms,  whose  estab- 
lishments, though  from  time  to  time  extended, 
are  still  overtaxed.  The  principal  firms  are  the 
North  Star  Iron  Works  Company;  Minneapolis 
Iron  Works,  O.  A.  Pray  &  Co.;  the  Union  Iron 
Works,  J.  E.  Lockwood  &  Co.;  Gregor  Menzel 
&  Company;  and  the  Northwestern  Stove  \\'orks, 


406 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Spear  &  Bushnell.  Other  extensive  manufacto- 
ries of  wood,  iron.  etc..  find  abundant  patronage 
from  the  demands  of  the  city  and  surrounding 
country,  a  demand  increasing  beyond  the  ability 
of  tlie  present  estaiilishnients  to  supply.  Of  the 
eiglit>'  different  concerns,  half  have  been  es- 
tablished during  the  last  five  years.  The  total 
value  of  goods  manufactured  during  the  year 
1879.  inclusive  of  Hour  and  lumber,  was  ^8, loo,- 
100,  giving  employment  to  o.47o  men.  In  1880 
the  amount  was  increased  to  110,333,000,  with 
7,250  men  employed. 

The  Minneapolis  Iron  Works  of  which  O.  A. 
Pray  and  Company  are  proprietors,  were  origi- 
nated by  Otis  A.  Pray,  who,  in  1866,  formed  a 
partnerehip  with  Jolm  Webster.  This  firm  was 
organized  for  the  manufacture  of  mill  furn- 
ishing and  mill-wright  goods.  They  opened 
an  office  in  Harrison's  block,  and  during  the  whi- 
ter began  the  erection  of  a  brick  building  on 
Washington  Avenue,  between  First  and  Second 
Avenues  south.  After  conducting  business  here 
for  several  years,  the  firm  purchased  a  one-third 
interest  in  the  Minnesota  Iron  Works,  which 
were  then  owned  by  Lee  and  Ilardenbergh,  and 
occupied  the  site  of  the  Cro^Ti  EoUer  Mill. 
After  remaining  with  this  firm  eleven  months. 
Mr.  Pray  sold  his  interest  to  Lee  and  Ilarden- 
bergh, and  purchased  the  machine  shops  of  Plum- 
mer  and  Moore,  comer  of  Sixth  Avenue  south  and 
Second  sti'eet.  After  conducting  this  business 
for  a  few  yeare.  Mr.  Pray  sold  to  the  North  Star 
Iron  AVorks,  arranging  ^\ith  them  for  the  man- 
ufacture of  his  goods,  though  he  controlled  their 
sale.  In  1873.  he  leased  all  of  the  Minnesota 
Iron  Works,  excepting  the  foundry,  which  was 
conducted  by  C.  M.  Hardenbergh,  who  continued 
until  1876.  when  Mr.  Pra,\'  obtained  control  of 
the  entire  works. 

The  present  firm  of  O.  A.  Pi-ay  and  Company, 
was  formed  June  1st,  1878,  by  the  association 
with  A.  L.  Miner,  who  had  been  Mr.  Pray's  su- 
perintendent since  1873,  and  C.  E.  Holt,  his 
head  book-keeper  since  1875.  Adopting  the 
name  of  "  MmneapoUs  Iron  Works,"  the  new- 
firm  leased  for  ninety-nine  years,  the  ground  they 
now  occupy  and  immediately  began  the  erection 
of  a  new  foundry  and  machine-shop.  All  the 
tools  and  iiatterns  of  the  old  Miiniesota  Iron 
Works  were  piuchased,  but  as  the  tools  were 


worn,  they  were  sold,  the  patterns  valued  at 
SID.Ono,  being  retained.  Purchasing  new  tools 
and  machinery,  the  firm  rapidly  completed  the  es- 
tablishment which  consists  of  a  stone  building 
35x95  feet,  two  stories  high,  fronting  on  Fifth 
Avenue  south,  corner  of  First  street,  the  firet 
floor  being  used  for  offices  and  the  second  for 
ware-rooms ;  a  large  fire  proof  vault  adjoining 
the  office  used  to  store  bolting  cloth ;  a  three- 
story  brick  warehouse  32x330 ;  two  brick  one 
story  machine-shops,  one  50x100  feet,  and  the 
other,  used  for  wood  work,  50x65  feet,  and  a 
stone  building  60x80,  used  as  foundry  and  black- 
smith shop.  These  buikUngs  and  materials  of 
the  firm  are  worth  not  less  than  §100,000.  They 
employ  from  eighty  to  ninety  men.  and  the  sales 
for  1880,  amounted  to  about  S300,000. 

In  addition  to  the  large  local  sales,  the  com- 
pany ships  goods  to  all  parts  of  the  north-west. 
Prominent  among  their  splendid  facilities  for 
manufacturing  heavy  iron  goods,  is  a  large  bor- 
ing machme  for  iron,  one  of  the  best  in  the 
country,  and  the  only  machine  in  the  west  for 
re-grinding  crusher  rolls.  To  facilitate  shipping, 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  have  laid 
to  the  shops,  three  side  tracks  which  enables  the 
firm  to  fill  large  orders  from  abroad  with  prompt- 
ness and  dispatch,  otherwise  impossible.  The 
machinery  is  driven  by  a  50  horse-power  Buckeye 
engine  and  boiler,  which  is  soon  to  be  replaced 
by  more  powerful  machinery. 

The  shops  are  heated  throughout  by  steam,  and 
in  every  department  is  manifest  that  complete 
arrangement  and  precision  which  insures  that 
perfection  upon  which  rests  the  popularity  of  this 
prosperous  manufactory. 

Xorth  Star  Iron  Works,  which  stand  high  in 
the  rank  of  American  iron  works,  occupy  two 
and  one-half  acres  of  ground  on  River  street  and 
Second  Avenue  north.  Formerly  this  manufac- 
tory was  on  the  East  Side,  but  when  Mr.  J.  W. 
Johnson  came  into  the  firm  in  1870.  it  was  re- 
moved to  its  present  location,  and  its  capacity 
increased  by  the  introduction  of  the  most  prac- 
tical and  improved  machinerv.  So  great  was 
the  demand  for  its  work  that  though  operated 
fourteen  hours  per  day  for  months  at  a  time,  the 
orders  could  not  all  be  filled.  In  August,  1880, 
Mr.  Johnson  disposed  of  the  entire  property  to 
the   present    proprietors,  the  North   Star  Iron 


IRON  MANUFACTORIES. 


407 


Works  Companj'.  Priiieipal  among  the  products 
of  this  concern  are  mill  machinery  and  mill  fur- 
nishings, wrought  iron  pipes,  engine  trimmings, 
steam  and  water  gauges,  water  wheels,  smut 
machinery,  French  buhr  mill  stones,  separators, 
flour  packers,  smooth  and  corrugated  rollers, 
middlings  feeders,  improved  Corliss  and  other 
stationary  engines,  steel  and  iron  boilers.  A 
50  horse-power  engine  keeps  the  vast  array 
of  machinery  in  motion,  and  125  men  are  re- 
quired to  perform  the  labor  necessary  to  meet 
the  demands  of  trade.  AVith  the  manifest  enter- 
prise of  the  new  firm  it  is  safe  to  say  that  the 
splendid  reputation  of  the  North  Star  Iron 
Works  will  not  diminish,  but  will  retain  its 
place  in  the  rank  of  first-class  iron- working  es- 
tablishments of  the  country. 

North-western  Foundry,  corner  of  Third  street 
and  Tenth  Avenue  south,  was  established  in  1874, 
by  G.  Menzel,  his  son,  Charles  G.  Menzel,  and 
D.  C.  Howard,  under  the  firm  name  of  G.  Men- 
zel and  Company:  In  the  fall  of  that  year,  L. 
_  V.  N.  IJlakeman  purchased  the  interests  of 
Charles  G.  Menzel  and  D.  C.  Howard,  but  the 
firm  name  was  unchanged.  The  building  and 
grounds  occupy  about  one  and  one-half  acres. 
Fronting  on  Tenth  Avenue  south  is  a  building 
20x60  feet,  one  and  one-half  stories  high,  in  the 
south-west  corner  of  which  is  the  office.  The 
remainder  of  the  building  is  used  for  a  pattern 
room.  Back  of  this  is  the  foundry,  a  two  and 
one-half  story  building,  60x120  feet;  attached  to 
tills  is  the  engine  room  20x30  feet,  and  above 
this  is  the  pattern  shop. 

This  firm  furnishes  all  the  car  wheels  for  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railway,  west 
of  the  Mississippi  river,  and  most  of  those  used 
by  the  Northern  Pacific,  Minneapolis  and  St. 
Louis,  St.  Paul  and  Duluth,  and  St.  Paul  and 
Sioux  City,  besides  all  the  wheels  used  by  the 
Sti-eet  Railway  Company  of  this  city.  Besides 
the  manufacture  of  car  wheels,  this  firm  does  a 
large  business  in  all  kinds  of  architectural,  ma- 
chinery and  ornamental  castings,  employing 
;d)iiut  sixtv  men. 

The  Union  Iron  Works,  owned  by  ,).  E.  Lock- 
wood  &  Company,  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  machine 
shop  opened  by  Mr.  Lockwood  in  1872,  on  the 
present  site  of  the  Humboldt  mill.  After  re- 
maining three  years  ui  that  locality  he  removed 


to  the  vicinity  of  J.  B.  Bassetfs  mill  where  he 
remamed  four  years.  In  June,  1879,  the  present 
firm  was  founded,  Mr.  Lockwood  taking  into 
partnership  C.  H.  Tipton  and  Nils  Nyberg. 
They  at  once  commenced  to  fit  up  their  present 
quarters  on  Main  street  and  Second  Avenue,  S.  E. 

Having  increased  their  facilities  by  purchasing 
the  stock  and  machinery  of  the  SI.  xVnthony  Iron 
Works,  which  had  been  destroyed  by  fire  the  pre- 
vious April.  A  stone  building  fronting  on  Mam 
stTeet  is  three  stories  high,  including  basement. 
Its  size,  45x60  feet,  w  ith  a  leased  basement  l-5x 
60  feet,  gives  them  a  machine  shop  of  60x60  feet. ' 
On  the  first  floor  is  the  office  and  another  ma- 
chine shop,  and  the  .second  floor  is  devoted  to 
mill-wright  and  pattern  shops.  In  the  rear  of  the 
basement  is  the  foundry,  45x60  feet,  one  story 
high.  The  firm  also  have  at  Mr.  Lockwood's  old 
stand,  on  the  west  side,  a  blacksmith  shop  and 
bolting-cloth  manufactory.  They  employ  ft-om 
fifty  to  sixty  men,  and  manufacture  about  |63- 
000  worth  of  goods  ainuially,  embracing  all  kinds 
of  flour  and  saw-mill  machinery.  The  motive 
power  is  furnished  by  an  American  turbine 
wheel  of  100  horse-power,  part  of  which  is  used 
by  other  manufacturers. 

Variety  Iron  Works  of  Hashow,  Maisli  & 
Davis  were  started  by  Hashow  &  Maish  on  the 
1st  day  of  ]May.  1878,  in  the  basement  of  Brack- 
etfs  block,  with  capital  invested  to  the  amount  of 
ten  dollars.  After  remaining  three  months  in  the 
basement  they  took  a  room  on  the  ground  floor. 
On  the  1st  of  October,  1879,  Wm.  H.  Davis  w^as' 
admitted  to  the  firm,  and  the  name  changed  to' 
Hashow,  Maish  &  Davis.  Business  continued  to 
increase,  and  in  1880,  the  firm  sought  more  com- 
modious quarters,  and  leased  lots  on  Second  street' 
and  Fifth  xVvenue  south  for  fifty  years.  On  this 
they  have  erected  a  three-stoiy  building,  50x60  feet, 
w  ith  an  ell  20x24  feet.  The  lower  story,  or  half 
basement,  is  used  for  the  coarser  work  of  dressuig 
rollers,  the  second  floor  for  the  machme  shop  and 
the  upper  floor  for  mill-furnishing  and  general 
mill-wright  -work.  The  principal  manufactures' 
are  flouring  and  saw-mill  machinery,  brewere' 
machinery,  shaftmg,  pulleys,  etc.  Twenty  or 
more  men  are  employed,  producing  m  1880  |50,- 
000  worth  of  goods. 

The  Minneapolis  Boiler  Works  of  M.^\■.  Glenn 
were  established  in    1867,    by  Emmerman  and" 


408 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Har(lenV)ergh.  who  operated  them  until  Februarj-, 
1878,  when  they  were  purchased  by  the  present 
proprietor.  These  works  are  on  Fifth  Avenue 
south  between  Firet  and  Second  streets,  and  are 
devoted  to  the  nianufactiu-e  of  boilers  and  all 
kinds  of  sheet  and  boiler  iron  goods.  Its  pro- 
ducts may  be  seen  in  almost  every  town  in  the 
north-west,  and  its  present  business  amounts  to 
about  $80,000  per  year,  requu-ing  the  labor  of 
thuty-seven  men.  Mr.  Glenn,  the  proprietor,  is 
a  practical  machinist  having  spent  much  of  his 
time  from  childhood  m  various  departments  of 
iron  manufactories. 

Xorth-western  Stove  Works,  owned  by  Bush- 
nell  and  Spear,  though  comparatively  new  is  the 
only  ijistitution  of  the  kind  in  the  state,  and  has 
already  acquired  a  good  reputation  with  the  trade. 
The  buildings  and  yards  occupy  two  and  one-half 
acres  of  gromid  ui  South  Minneapolis  near  the 
Harvester  Works,  besides  extensive  ware-rooms 
at  204  Hemiepin  Avenue.  The  entei-prise  was  es- 
tablished in  1878,  by  Edward  Spear,  Jr.,  whose 
twenty  years  experience  enabled  him  to  lay  a 
strong  foimdation  for  a  large  business.  In  Jan- 
uary, 1880,  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Charles 
R.  Bushnell,  practical  machinist,  and  the  firm  is 
now  known  as  Bushnell  and  Spear.  The  factory 
is  devoted  exchisively  to  the  manufacture  of 
stoves,  making  a  specialty  of  hay  stoves  for  the 
use  of  the  settlere  on  the  praii-ies.  The  full 
working  force  is  seventy-five  men. 

In  1867,  Frank  Grygla  and  Company  began  the 
manufacture  of  galvanized  iron  cornice,  shutters, 
sky-lights,  pitch  and  gravel  roofing.  Since  then  a 
a  number  of  changes  have  occurred  in  the  firm  prior 
to  March,  1880,  when  H.  E.  Selden  became  the 
sole  partner  of  Jlr.  Giygla,  luider  the  firm  name 
of  Grygla  and  Selden.  They  retain  the  original 
site,  114  North  Third  street,  occupying  a  frame 
building,  22x100  feet,  three  stories  high,  the 
first  story  of  which  is  used  for  manufacturing, 
and  the  wareroom  is  on  Eleventh  street.  Their 
product.s,  amounting  to  $60,ooo  per  annum,  are 
shipped  to  all  parts  of  the  state,  and  to  Wiscon- 
sin, Iowa,  ilontana  and  Manitoba. 

M.  II.  Crittenden,  senior  partner  of  the  Ann  of 
Crittenden  and  Scribner,  came  to  St.  Paid  in  1866, 
and  engaged  in  pitch  and  gravel  roofing.  This 
he  soon  after  extended  to  Minneapolis,  and  in 
1871,  took  into  partnership,  Edward  E.  Scribner. 


In  1868  they  commenced  the  manufactme  of 
their  own  tar  paper  and  other  roofing  material, 
and  in  187-5  they  added  the  production  of  galvan- 
ized cornice,  tin  and  slate  roofing.  In  April, 
1880,  the  firm  procured  its  present  quarters,  203 
and  205  First  Avenue  north,  occupying  a  build- 
ing 45x62  feet,  all  of  which  is  used  for  shop  and 
storage  room.  Besides  this  they  conduct  an  ex- 
tensive business  in  coal  tar,  concrete  and  asphal- 
tum  sidewalks  and  roofing,  requiring  the  labor  of 
ten  workmen. 

Strotlmian  Brothers,  proprietors  of  the  North- 
western Iron  Works,  began  operations  June  1st. 
1880.  on  the  corner  of  Third  street  and  Ninth 
Avenue  south,  where  they  leased  ground  and 
erected  a  building  30x60  feet.  They  make  mill 
machinery,  shafting,  pulleys,  boxes,  and  gearing. 
Both  members  of  the  firm  are  practical  machin- 
ists. J.  II.  Strothman  is  at  present  supermtendent 
of  O.  A.  Pray  and  Company's  works,  and  his 
brother,  E.  E.  Strothman.  manages  their  own  es- 
tablishment, which  is  operated  by  a  ten  horse- 
power engine.  The  firm  expects  soon  to  enlarge 
to  meet  the  demands  of  their  rapidly  increasing 
trade. 

II.  C.  Butler,  manufacturer  of  mill  picks  and 
iron  work,  established  business  in  1857,  in  a  small 
shop  on  Ninth  Avenue  south,  with  but  one  forge, 
and  a  capital  of  about  ten  dollars.  He,  with  one 
assistant,  set  to  work,  and  in  1858,  just  as  he  was 
commencing  to  reaUze  some  reward  for  his  in- 
dustry, his  shop  was  destroyed  by  fire.  He  then 
built  on  SLxth  Avenue,  where  he  did  a  prosper- 
ous business  until  1860,  when  his  shop  was  again 
desti-oyed  by  fire.  He  again  biult.  and  was  again 
a  sufferer  by  fire.  He  then  built  on  the  present 
site  of  the  Humboldt  mill,  and  there  enjoyed  a 
season  of  unobstructed  prosperity,  until  the  explo- 
sion of  the  mills  in  1878,  when  his  shop  was 
totally  destroyed.  He  then  purchased  his  present 
location,  255  Sixth  Avenue  south,  where  he  oc- 
cupies a  buildrng  27x100  feet,  in  which  are  six 
forges,  furnishing  employment  to  fourteen  work- 
men. Manufactures  mill  picks  and  other  iron 
and  steel  work. 

Edward  Kennedy,  mill-pick  maker,  first  began 
business  in  1873.  at  No.  514  Second  street  south, 
where  he  occupied  a  building  22x68,  used  three 
forges,  and  employed  five  workmen.  He  began 
manufacturing  for  the  home  trade  only,  but  has 


MACHINISTS. 


409 


received  orders  frnm  abroad  until  now  lie  ships 
goods  to  all  the  north-western  states,  Manitoba, 
Washington  Territory  and  California.  The  shop 
was  burned  November  10th,  1880,  and  was  a 
total  loss,  but  Mr.  Kennedy  immediately  rebuilt 
on  First  street  between  Fourth  and  Fifth  Ave- 
nues south. 

The  Minneapolis  Fence  Works,  owned  l)y  Me- 
lony  &  Kyle,  was  established  in  1871.  by  Day  & 
Rollins,  whose  shop  was  located  on  Second  street 
and  Fifth  Avenue  soutli.  Its  manufactures 
consist  of  wood  and  iron  fencing  and  roof  crest- 
ing. After  conducthig  the  business  four  years, 
Mr.  Day  died.  Mr.  Rollins  ran  it  alone  until 
December,  1878,  when  he  took  E.  F.  Melony  in- 
to partnership  under  the  firm  name  of  ('harles 
G.  Rollins  &  Co.  In  July,  1879,  Mr.  Rollins  sold 
his  interest  to  J.  X.  Kyle,  and  the  lirm  of  Me- 
lony &  Kyle  was  establisbed.  In  the  spring  of 
1880.  they  moved  to  their  present  site,  corner  of 
Third  street  and  Fourth  Avenue  south. 

The  North-western  Fence  and  Architectural 
Iron  Works  of  Philip  Ilerzog,  dates  its  existence 
from  1869,  when  Mr.  Ilerzog  opened  a  small  shop 
in  the  upper  part  of  the  old  Morrison  planing- 
mill,  where  he  employed  but  one  assistant  the 
first  year.  In  1872  this  mill  burned,  and  Mr. 
Herzog  purchased  ground  on  Third  Avenue  south 
and  Second  street,  E.  D.,  and  built  a  shop  40x80 
feet,  which  now  constitutes  his  main  building. 
His  business,  constantly  increasing,  has  com- 
pelled him  to  enlarge,  from  time  to  time,  until  he 
now  occupies  115x132  feet  and  employs  twenty- 
six  workmen.  The  machinery  is  driven  by  a  150 
horse-power  turbine  wheel,  though  it  requires 
but  fifty  horse-power  to  operate  the  mill.  The 
business  amounts  annually  to  $90,000,  the  products 
being  iron  and  wood  fences,  iron  lawn-chairs,  set- 
tees, roof-railings,  etc. 

Bachner  Bros,  m  1867,  opened  a  gun  store  on 
Hennepin  Avenue,  between  Washinton  Avenue 
and  Second  street.  In  January,  1878,  they  re- 
moved to  their  present  quarters,  at  36  Washing- 
ton Avenue  south.  For  a  number  of  years  they 
manufactured  muzzle-loading  ritles,  but  lately 
have  added  machinery  by  which  they  are  engaged 
in  making  breech-loading  shot-gims.  They  do 
an  extensive  repairing  business,  and  carry  a  large 
stock  of  fire-arms,  hunting,  trapiiing,  fishing, 
camping,  skating  and  police  equipments. 


In  the  fall  of  1879,  Henry  Krueger  came  to 
Minneapolis  and  opened  a  gun-shop  at  his  present 
location,  No.  10,  Second  street  south.  His  busi- 
ness has  increased,  and  he  now  enjoys  an  annual 
trade  of  about  |7,000,  carrying  a  complete  st<X'k 
of  guns  and  other  hunting  materials. 

II.  J.  Pyle  on  the  1st  of  May,  1880,  commenced 
the  manufacture  of  fire-arms  at  400  Nicollet  Ave- 
nue, where  lie  still  remains,  carrying  a  full  stock 
of  lire-arms  and  other  goods  pertaining  to  his  line 
of  business. 

In  1880,  .John  Grime  and  Company,  organized 
for  the  manufacture  of  machinists  and  engineer's 
tools,  taps,  dies,  etc.  They  are  located  on  Nicol- 
let Island,  in  the  basement  of  the  manufacturing 
building,  where  they  have  a  room  35x60  feet,  em- 
ploying six  workmen.  This  firm  makes  a  speci- 
alty of  J.  Grime  and  Company's  new  pipe  vice, 
and  also  have  other  inventions  nearly  ready  to 
introduce  to  the  public. 

The  Minneapolis  Drill  Manufactory  was  started 
in  1865,  liy  I.  L.  Penny,  on  the  ground  now 
occupied  by  M.  W.  Glenn's  boiler  works.  The 
first  machinery  was  a  foot  lathe  wliich  sufiiced 
the  first  year  At  the  close  of  the  second  year 
he  removed  to  his  present  quarters,  315  Third 
Avenue  south,  where  he  erected  a  building  25x70 
feet,  two  and  one-half  stories  high,  in  which  he 
employs  fifteen  men,  manufacturing  coopers" 
tools,  drills,  and  forging  hammers,  besides  doing 
an  extensive  jobbing  business.  The  machinery 
of  this  institution  is  driven  by  a  fifteen  horse- 
power engine. 

The  machinery  and  mill  furnishing  business 
of  W.  S.  Hall  was  established  in  1876,  on  Second 
street,  between  Seventh  and  Eighth  Avenues 
south,  by  Dufrasne  and  Douglas.  They  re- 
mained there  until  May  2,  1878,  when  their  shop 
and  tools  were  destroyed  in  the  mill  disaster  of 
that  date.  The  firm  re-organized  and  employed 
six  men.  In  January,  1879,  the  firm  of  Doug- 
las and  Hall  was  formed,  the  building  enlarged 
to  25x100  feet,  two  and  one-half  stt)ries,  the 
force  increased  to  twelve  men,  and  an  annual 
business  of  $25,000  enjoyed.  On  the  11th  day  of 
October,  1880,  W.  S.  Hall  purchased  :Mr.  Doug- 
las" interest,  and  now  conducts  the  business 
alone. 

In  1877  George  F.  Perkins  commenced  business, 
manufacturing    and    repairing    machinery    and 


410 


BJSTOjRT  of  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


mill  work.  He  invented,  and  in  1878  com- 
menced the  manufacture  of  the  Perkins  jack- 
screw.  In  June,  18S().  lie  formed  a  partnership 
with  C.  E.  Tliayer,  under  the  lirm  name  of 
George  F.  Perkins  and  Company,  and  in  July, 
of  the  same  year,  they  purchased  the  site, 
No.  120  Main  street  south,  and  erected  a 
buildin.si  I'oxtii  tcet,  two  stories  high.  Their 
business,  making  Perkins"  jack-screws,  and  all 
kinds  of  screw  presses,  recpiired  the  labor  of  live 
men.  Their  building  was  destroyed  by  fire  on 
the  loth  of  January,  1881,  and  the  firm  leased 
for  five  years,  No.  125  Main  street  south,  of  N. 
H.  Bolton.  At  this  time  the  firm  was  strength- 
ened by  the  admission  of  AV.  B.  Cogger,  pattern 
maker,  formerly  superintendent  of  the  Ohio 
Bolt  Company.  In  connection  with  their  own 
work  they  manufacture  Bolton"s  machinery  re- 
quirmg  the  labor  of  twelve  men. 

In  1870,  Nelson  and  Ilernlund  started  a  black- 
smith shop  at  122  ^Main  street  south-east,  and 
did  business  until  the  spring  of  1878,  when  they 
rented  a  portion  of  their  shop  to  August  ]SIalm- 
sten,  who  put  in  a  small  lathe  for  repairing  etc. 
In  July  of  the  same  year,  Mr.  Ilernlund  died, 
and  a  partnership  was  formed  by  Messrs.  Malm- 
sten  and  Nelson,  who  did  business  together  until 
May.  1879.  when  J.  AV.  Ilernlund.  son  of  the  for- 
mer partner  was  admitted  to  the  partnership 
wliich  was  call  Malmsten,  Nelson  and  Company. 
Their  business  of  manufact>n-iug  wood  and  iron 
machniery  and  bolts,  and  general  blacksmithing 
and  repairing,  requires  eight  men,  and  amoimts 
to  about  $8,000  yearly.  It  has  increased  imtil 
the  fiiTO  was  compelled  to  purchase  the  entire 
building  whidi  is  40x74  feet,  two-stories  high 
above  the  basement.  The  power  is  furnished  by 
the  East  Side  Water  Power  Company. 

The  mill  fmniishing  estaVilishment  of  A.  II. 
Ku'k  was  founded.  May  1st.  187S,  with  a  capital 
of  1250,  as  a  mill-wright  and  rei)aii'ing  shop. 
One  man  was  employed  in  one- half  of  the  lower 
floor  of  the  building  on  the  corner  of  Second 
street  and  Sixth  Avenue  south.  He  now  occupies 
the  entire  building,  which  is  36x60  feet,  two- 
stories  high  with  a  full  basement,  in  which  he 
employs  twenty-five  men  in  the  manufacture  of 
middUngs  purifiers  of  his  own  invention,  and  all 
kinds  of  mill  furnishings.  He  requires  25  horse- 
power to  propel  his  machuiery;  this  is  obtained 


from  the  North  Star  Woolen  mills  which  adjoin. 

A.  R.  Guilder,  manufacturer  of  middlings  puri- 
fiers and  mill  machinery.  In  1872,  Mr.  Guilder 
secured  his  first  i>atent  on  a  middlings  piu-ifier, 
and  has  been  engaged  in  their  manufacture  since. 
His  place  of  business  is  on  Sixth  Avenue  south, 
where  he  occupies  a  building  30x44  feet,  and  em- 
ploys sLx  men,  sales  amounting  annually  to  SIO,- 
000.  Mr.  Guilder  is  the  inventor  of  several  im- 
provements in  mill  macliinery,  which  he  manu- 
factures. 

Fender  and  Cuthbertson,  425  Fourth  street 
south,  manufacturers  of  Standard  purifiers  and 
dealers  in  mill  furnishing,  established  their  busi- 
ness in  1S74.  Mr.  Fender  is  the  inventor  of  the 
Standard  middlings  purifier,  which  was  patented 
in  1874,  since  when  several  improvements  have 
been  made  and  patented.  C.  C.  Washburn  uses 
them  exclusively,  havang  fifty-five  in  the  "A"  mill 
alone.  The  firm  are  at  present  manufacturing 
aspirators,  a  machine  called  into  use  by  the  roller 
system  of  making  flour.  Fifty  of  these  machnes 
are  now  in  use  in  this  city.  The  business  of  the 
firm  for  1879,  amounted  to  $60,000,  furnishing 
emiiloyment  to  thirty  men.  whose  weekly  wages 
amounts  to  S300. 

The  shingle,  lath  and  saw-mill  machine  manu- 
factory of  N.  II.  Bolton  was  established  by  him  in 
1872,  where  the  express  office  now  stands,  on  Hen- 
nepm  Avenue.  He  received  his  power  from  the 
Nicollet  House  engine,  and  at  first  employed  one 
assistant ;  but  his  business  soon  increased  to  such 
an  extent  that  he  was  compelled  to  enlarge,  and  he 
leased  ground  upon  which  he  erected  a  building, 
at  No.  120  Main  street  S.  E„  which  he  occupied 
until  May,  1879,  when  he  purchased  his  present 
location,  at  125  Main  street.  S.  E.  This  building 
is  of  stone,  29.^x60  feet,  four  stories  high  includ- 
ing basement.  In  connection  with  his  manufac- 
tures he  deals  extensively  in  engines  and  boiler's, 
doing  an  fjnnual  business  of  $10,000. 

In  May,  1867.  John  Hinton  came  to  Minneapo- 
lis and  began  the  business  of  making  saws  with 
A.  M.  Richardson,  now  deceased,  iinder  the  firm 
name  of  Richardson  &  Hinton,  on  First  Avenue 
south,  between  First  and  Second  streets.  In 
1869  Mr.  Richardson  retired  from  the  firm.  Mr. 
Hinton  continued  alone,  and  soon  removed  to 
Second  street,  between  Fifth  and  Sixth  streets 
south,   where    he  remained  until  the  spring  of 


PLOW  WOBKS. 


411 


1878,  when  he  removed  to  his  present  stand,  252 
Second  street  sonth. 

The  MinneapoUs  Plow  Works  was  founded  in 
1868,  by  C.  K.  Perrine  &  Company,  on  First  Ave- 
enue  north,  corner  River  street.  In  1870,  Mr. 
King  entered  the  lirm,  wliich  was  clianged  to  Lar- 
away.  King  &  Perrine,  whicli  continued  until 
1877,  when  Mr.  Perrine  disposed  of  his  interest, 
since  when  the  firm  has  been  Laraway  &  Kinir. 
The  building  is  of  stone,  44x157  feet,  turning  out 
annually  about  5,000  plows,  harrows,  hay-rakes 
and  other  articles  in  proportion. 

In  1860,  S.  T.  Ferguson  started  the  Monitor 
Plow  Works,  which  he  conducted  till  1872,  when 
an  incorporated  stock  company,  entitled  the 
"Monitor  Plow  Works,"  with  a  capital  of  |30,000, 
was  formed.  In  1874,  the  capital  was  increased 
to  $75,000,  and  in  1876  the  business  was  again 
increased  by  adding  the  manufacture  of  sulky- 
rakes.  The  company  now  turns  out  7,000  plows 
and  sulky-plows,  800  rakes  and  a  large  number  of 
scrapers  and  corn-planters  annually.  They  em- 
ploy seventy-five  men,  and  have  established  dis- 
tributing points  in  various  parts  of  the  north- 
west. The  shops  are  situated  on  a  twenty-acre 
tract  in  the  town  of  Minneapolis  just  outside  the 
city  limits.  The  present  officers  of  the  company 
are  S.  T.  Ferguson,  president  and  superintend- 
ent, and  W.  B.  Jackson,  secretary  and  treasurer. 

The  plow  factory  of  C.  K.  Perrine,  is  a  brick 
building  two  stories  high,  25x72  feet,  on  First 
street  and  Second  Avenue  north,  and  was  built 
in  1877.  Mr.  Penine  is  the  pioneer  plow  manu- 
facturer of  Minneapolis,  having  started  a  factory 
on  First  street  north  as  early  as  1861,  continuing 
till  1868,  when  he  entered  the  Arm  of  Lara- 
way,  Perrine  and  Co.  In  1877,  Mr.  Per- 
rine withdrew  from  this  firm  and  began  doing 
busmess  alone,  making  jilows,  wagons  and  road 
scrapers,  which  he  disposes  of  at  retail,  lie  an- 
nually makes  five  hundred  plows. 

The  Minneapolis  Harvester  Works,  located  in 
South  Minneapolis.  In  1873,  a  stock  company, 
with  a  capital  of  $150,000  was  organized  under 
the  above  title  for  the  purpose  of  manufactiuing 
reaping  machinery.  Nelson  Williams  was  secre- 
taiy  and  treasurer,  and  ]M.  G.  Hubbard,  superin- 
tendent. In  1874  the  works  were  leased  to  J.  L. 
Spink  and  Company,  who  continued  the  manage- 
ment untU  1876.    September  1st,  of  that  year, 


the  present  company  was  organized,  and  has  since 
enjoyed  a  prosperous  business.  October  9th, 
1876,  the  buildings  used  as  factories,  were  de- 
stroyed by  flre.  The  company  immediately  re- 
built, the  new  buildings  erected  being  made  fire- 
proof as  far  as  practicable.  In  the  fall  of  1878. 
the  increase  of  business  demanding  it,  the  capaci- 
ty of  the  works  was  doubled.  In  1880,  the  num- 
ber of  machines  of  all  patterns  produced,  was 
2,600.  The  machines  mainifactured,  are  the 
Dewey  Harvester,  the  Minneapolis  Harvester  and 
Twine  Binder,  and  the  Minneapolis  Harvester 
Xo.  One,  in  the  making  of  wiiich  two  hundred 
men  are  employed.  The  officers  of  the  company 
are  D.  Morrison,  president ;  C.  jSIorrison,  vice- 
president;  and  R.  II.  Jones,  secretary  and  treas- 
urer. 

E.  Broad,  mantifacturer  of  and  dealer  in  patent 
cant  hooks  and  all  kinds  of  tools  for  river  driving, 
is  one  of  the  pioneer  manufacturers  of  this  city. 
He  located  in  St.  Anthony  in  1855,  and,  in  a  small 
shop  on  Front  street,  commenced  making  edged 
tools.  After  three  weeks  this  was  destroyed 
by  flre  and  he  built  a  temporary  shop  on  Henne- 
pm  Island,  the  site  of  the  building  he  now  occu- 
pies. In  1856  he  built  a  stone  Ituikluig  30x40 
feet,  and  commenced  on  a  larger  scale.  He  con- 
tinued in  the  edged  tool  business  until  1870.  when 
he  abandoned  that  branch  and  gave  his  entire  at- 
tention to  the  manufacture  of  a  cant  hook  known 
as  "Broad's  Patent  Cant  Hook,"  which  supplied 
a  want  long  felt  Ijy  lumbermen  and  has  saved 
thousands  of  dollars  in  the  expense  of  log-driving. 
It  is  used  throughout  the  I'nited  States.  Mr. 
Broad  owns  and  occupies,  as  a  wood  working 
department,  the  upper  lloor  of  Herzog's  fence 
works,  on  Third  Avenue  south-east.  This 
room  is  40x80  feet  and  is  supplied  with  twenty 
horse  power  by  cable  from  the  Tower  mill  on 
Main  street.  The  business  now  f  urn  ishes  employ- 
ment to  seventeen  men  in  the  two  buildings,  pro- 
ducing 7,000  cant  hooks  annually,  besides  other 
implements  used  in  mills  and  river  driving.  The 
stone  buildmg  on  the  island  is  the  first  building 
erected  in  that  locality. 

The  ^Minneapolis  l^rass  Works,  owned  by  Peet 
and  ;McWaters,  were  founded  in  a  room  10x20 
feet,  in  1877,  by  Richard  Peet,  whose  capital 
amounted  to  ten  dollars.  The  small  room  soon 
became  inadequate,  and  Mr.  Peet  secured  more 


412 


EISTOEY  OF  HENXEPIN  COUNIY. 


commoilioiis  quarters,  wliich.  in  their  "tuni  prov- 
ing too  small,  he  abandoned  for  the  spacious* 
basement  of  the  Brackett  block.  Here  he  enlarg- 
ed from  time  to  time,  until  the  burnuig  of  tlie 
block  left  him  witliout  a  shop.  A  short  time  be- 
fore the  Are,  2ilr.  Feet  had  taken,  as  paituer, 
David  McAVaters.  a  practical  moulder.  They  now 
occupy  rooms  30x100  feet,  at  212  First  Avenue 
south,  in  Brackett "s  new  block.  Employing  ten 
men,  their  principal  manufactures  are  plumbei-s 
and  distiller's  brass  goods,  brass  castings,  etc. 
In  October,  1S80,  ilr.  Feet  purchased  Mr.  Mc- 
AVater's  interest,  and  associated  with  himself, 
Mr.  S.  Hatfield,  under  the  firm  name  of  Feet  and 
Hatfield. 

ilinneapolis  Copper.  Brass  and  Sheet  Iron 
AA'orks  of  Louis  E.  Fritsche.  was  founded  in 
April.  1878,  at  516  Second  street  south,  imder  the 
firm  name  of  Yau  Horn  and  Fritsche.  In  April, 
ISTSt,  ilr.  Van  Horn  withdrew,  and  Mr.  Fritsche 
has  since  conducted  the  business  alone.  From  a 
very  small  begimiing  the  business  has  been  stead- 
ily increasing.  In  the  building  now  occupied 
33x50  feet,  one  and  one-half  stories  high,  are 
manufactured  and  repau'ed  brewery,  distillery 
and  mill  work,  and  also  soda  fountains. 

Tlie  Mimieapolis  File  Works,  was  established 
at  204  First  street  noiih.  in  1870,  by  Herman 
Boettcher,  who  has  since  conducted  the  business. 
It  is  the  only  manufactory  of  the  kind  in  the 
state,  making  a  specialty  of  tiles  and  rasps. 
Three  men  are  emploved. 

The  Hall  and  Dann  Barrel  Company  was  incor- 
porated June  12th.  1880.  and  at  once  began  the 
erection  of  the  mammoth  building  used  as  a 
manufactory,  located  comer  of  First  street  and 
Tliird  Avenue  south.  The  struetine  is  of  brick, 
four  stories  high  and  covers  ground  space  60x172 
feet;  it  was  completed  in  the  fall  of  1880.  This 
is  the  largest  barrel  manufacturing  establishment 
in  the  country,  having  a  capacity  for  turning  out 
6,000  banels  daily.  One  hundred  and  seventy- 
five  men  are  employed.  The  building  is  fur- 
nished throughout  with  the  latest  improved 
machinerv.  heating  and  drying  apparatus.  A 
forty-live  horse-power  engine  supplies  the  motive 
power.  The  product  of  this  concern  is  used  for 
the  packing  of  flour  manufactured  in  MinneapoUs. 

The  Co-operative  Barrel  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany, was  incorporated  under  the  general  laws  of 


the  state,  and  commenced  business  Xovember  23d, 
1S74.  the  limit  of  the  coi-poration  being  fifteen 
years.  The  two  buildings  occupied  as  factories 
are  located  on  Sixth  street,  at  Eleventh  Avenue 
south.  The  shares  were  placed  at  one  hundred 
doUai's.  there  being  sixteen  share-holders  when  the 
organization  was  completed.  There  are  now  six- 
ty members  of  the  association,  each  holding  two 
shares.  The  capital  stock  amounts  to  §20.000. 
This  company  turn  out  7,000  barrels  per  week, 
employing  eighty  men  In  the  factor}-.  The  ofli- 
cei's  of  the  company  are,  J.  A.  Smith,  president ; 
J.  W.  Overacker,  secretary  and  treasurer.  J.  A. 
Smith,  Thomas  Tyler,  H.  J.  Hughes,  John 
Thompson  and  J.  W.  Doran,  constitute  the  board 
of  directors. 

The  Hennepin  County  Barrel  Company,  was 
organized  and  incorporated  In  January,  1880.  It 
Is  based  on  the  protective  stj'le  each  member  re- 
ceiving a  share  of  the  profits.  The  capital  stock 
was  placed  at  $10,000.  with  shares  at  fifty 
dollars  each.  The  factory  is  located  on  Fifth 
street,  corner  Fifteenth  Avenue  south.  This 
company  manufactures  2.500  barrels  a  week,  and 
employs  thirty  men.  The  officers  are,  W.  B. 
Champion,  president  and  secretary :  Joseph 
Coombs,  treasurer;  board  of  directoi-s,  E.  J.  Car- 
lin.  Charles  Tenant,  William  Priest  and  T.  J. 
Bemiett. 

Tlie  Xorth  Star  Barrel  Company,  was  organ- 
ized for  a  term  of  not  less  than  fifteen  years,  on 
October  30th,  1877.  There  are  fifty  share-hold- 
ers, shares  issued  at  one  hundred  dollars  each. 
An  article  of  the  by-laws  limits  the  capital  stock 
at  $15,000.  The  originators  of  this  enterprise. 
and  its  first  board  of  directors,  were  P.  J.  Kenny  ^ 
Daniel  G.  Wentworth.  F.  L.  Bachelder,  -John 
O'Donnell  and  H.  W.  Burroughs.  The  company 
occupy  as  factories,  two  buildings  on  Sixth  street, 
between  Fifteenth  and  Sixteenth  Avenues  south, 
where  they  furnish  employment  to  seventy  men. 
The  product  amounts  to  6,000  barrels  per  week, 
which  are  disposed  of  at  wholesale  only.  The  busi- 
ness reaches  annually  $130,000.  The  present  offi- 
cers of  the  company  are.  -J.  W.  Kline,  president;  F. 
L.  Bachelder,  secretary  and  treasurer;  J.  W. 
Kline,  F.  L.  Bachelder,  H.  W.  Burroughs, 
George  Jaquin  and  P.  J.  Kenny,  board  of  direc- 
tors. 

The  Minneapolis  Barrel  Works,  O.  Eames  pro- 


FURNITUBE  MANUFACIUBERS. 


413 


prietor.  This  establishment  was  founded  in  1873, 
by  A.  M.  Anson,  who  continued  the  management 
until  1878,  when  it  was  purcliased  by  the  present 
owner.  In  1877,  the  works  were  fitted  with  bar- 
rel machinery,  operated  by  steam,  which  a  twelve 
horse-power  engine  furnishes.  Seventy-flve  men 
are  emplojed  in  this  concern,  which  produces 
6,000  barrels  weekly,  under  the  management  of 
A.  J.  Palmes.  The  factory  is  located  on  Four- 
teenth Avenue,  corner  of  Sixth  street  south. 

Tlie  barrel  manufactory  of  A.  Bumb  &  Com- 
pany, on  Sixth  street,  corner  of  Fifteenth  Ave- 
nue south,  was  established  in  1874.  This  concern 
manufactures  about  2.000  barrels  weekly,  and 
employs  sixty-seven  men  and  tw'entj'-one  boys,  the 
pay-roll  amounting  to  $800  per  week.  Two 
large  factories  and  a  store-house  are  in  use;  the 
machinery  is  driven  by  a  twelve  horse-power  en- 
gine. 

The  East  Side  Co-operative  Barrel  Company 
was  organized  September  10th,  1879,  with  six 
members,  shares  being  at  fifty  dollars  each.  The 
factory  is  on  Marshall  street,  N.  E.,  and  occupies 
a  space  24x65  feet.  Ten  men  are  employed,  pro- 
ducing 1 ,500  barrels  per  week.  Nicholas  ^Ian- 
gen,  business  manager  of  the  company,  has  su- 
pervision of  the  factory.  Isaiah  Tidd  is  treasur- 
er, and  Casper  Erpelding  secretary. 

Charles  Seheif,  manufacturer  of  beer  kegs, 
casks,  pork  and  wliiskey  banels,  326  First  street 
north,  commenced  business  in  1867,  working 
alone.  Tlie  second  year  he  employed  one  man, 
and  gradually  increased  the  force  as  the  business 
grew,  until  now,  seven  men  are  employed.  The 
factory  is  24x60  feet,  two  floors. 

W.  Droll,  barrel  manufacturer,  621  Marshall 
street,  N.  E.,  began  business  in  1878,  and  manu- 
factures pork  and  beer  barrels,  liquor  kegs,  tubs, 
hogsheads,  etc.  Six  men  are  employed  who  are 
paid  as  wages  sixtj'-five  dollars  per  week.  The 
business  is  prosperous  and  steadily  increasing. 

P.  Daly,  manufacturer  of  flour  barrels,  estab- 
lished in  1872,  and  has  since  conducted  a  pros- 
perous business.  He  employs  a  force  of  six  men 
in  the  factory,  transacting  an  annual  business  of 
5,500.  The  factory  is  located  on  Main  street, 
corner  of  Fourteenth  Avenue,  N.  E. 

The  fimiiture  manufactory  of  Barnard  and 
Cope,  is  located  on  Fourth  street,  at  corner  of 
Second  Avenue  X.  E.     This  busmess,  the  first 


of  the  kind  in  the  county,  was  established  by  F. 
L.  Johnson  and  Company,  and  in  1858  purchased 
by  Barnard,  Noyce  and  Waldron,  who  retained 
it  one  year,  after  which  it  was  conducted  one 
year  by  a  Mr.  Pengi-ee,  who  sold  to  T.  G.  and 
J.  F.  Barnard.  The  firm  of  Barnard  Brothers 
conducted  the  business  until  1865;  the  firm  then 
became  Barnard  Brothers  and  Shuey,  and  re- 
mained such  until  1872.  In  1871,  the  factory 
M'as  destroyed  by  fire,  but  immediately  rebuilt. 
In  1874,  the  firm  of  Barnard  and  Cope  was  or- 
ganized, and  lias  since  continued  the  manage- 
ment. For  the  jiast  six  jears,  attention  lias  lieen 
given  to  the  manufacture  of  furniture  exclusively, 
which  is  disposed  of  at  wholesale  only;  trade 
extending  throughout  ilinnesota.  Wisconsin. 
Iowa,  Dakota  and  Montana,  and  amounting  an- 
nually to  i|75.00o.  The  buildings  occupied  are 
a  factory,  warehouse  and  engine-room ;  the  lat- 
ter contains  a  75  horse-power  engine,  which  also 
supplies  motive  power  for  the  planing  mill  of 
Clark  and  McClure.  The  establishment  is  under 
the  direct  management  of  Thomas  G.  Barnard 
and  his  son  F.  II.  Barnard.  Mr.  Cope  is  the 
oldest  son  of  T.  B.  Cope,  of  the  firm  of  Cope 
Brothers,  Philadelphia,  and  resides  in  that  city. 

Gilmore  and  JlcCulloch,  furniture  manufac- 
turers. This  concern  was  established  by  M.  C. 
Burr,  who  was  succeeded  by  Morris  and  Com- 
pany. This  firm  built,  in  1873,  the  factory  lo- 
cated in  South  Minneapolis,  in  use  by  the  present 
firm,  who  purchased  it  in  1874.  The  main  build- 
ing is  40x126  feet,  with  a  wing  30x60,  both  two 
stories  in  height.  An  engine  of  65  horse-power, 
drives  the  niacliiiiery.  Sixty  men  ai'e  employed, 
the  annual  business  amounting  to  ^75,000.  The 
business  of  tliis  establishment  is  wholesale  ex- 
clusively; trade  extending  tlirough  Minnesota, 
Iowa,  Wisconsin,  Dakota,  Montana  and  Mani- 
toba. The  business  office  of  the  company  is  lo- 
cated at  222  Washington  Avenue,  north. 

Robertson  and  Hiscock,  manufacturers  of  hard- 
wood and  enameled  furniture,  have  their  office 
and  salesroom  at  No.  326  Second  Avenue  south. 
The  business  was  established  in  1879,  by  J.  II. 
Hiscock  and  Company,  witli  tlie  limited  capital  of 
S900.  During  that  year  the  sales  amounted  to 
but  $700,  and  the  next  year  about  $1,000.  Tlie 
factory  was  located  at  the  corner  of  Second  Ave- 
nue south  and   Third  street,  and  employed  a 


414 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


working  force  of  twelve  men,  mamifacturiiig 
chamber  sets  and  all  kinds  of  common  furnitnre, 
excepting  chairs,  their  sales  extending  through 
Iowa,  Minnesota  and  Wisconsin.  At  the  begui- 
ning  of  the  year  1881,  the  firm  was  changed  to 
Eol)ertson  and  Iliscock,  and  they  removed  to 
their  new  factor\-,  built  by  James  T.  Ehvell,  at 
the  corner  of  Fifth  Avenue  and  Nintli  street,  E.  T> 
This  building  is  two  stories  high,  40x145  feet, 
furnished  with  power  by  a  100  horse-power  en- 
gine in  an  adjoining  building,  35x35  feet.  This 
spring  they  have  erected,  in  the  rear  of  the  fac- 
tory, a  dry-house  i;0x40  feet.  The  entire  estab- 
lishment is  heated  by  steam,  and  the  machinery 
is  of  the  latest  and  most  improved  kind.  They 
have  increased  the  capital  to  ?] 5.000,  and  will 
employ  sixty  men.  The  new  member  of  the 
firm.  Dr.  E.  D.  Robertson,  comes  from  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  to  join  Mr.  Hiscock  in  this  enterprise. 

The  Knickerbocker  Furniture  Company,  suc- 
ceeded George  Knickerbocker.  March  6,  1880. 
Mr.  Knickerbocker  commenced  the  business  in 
1878,  and  conducted  it  until  the  formation  of  the 
present  company,  which  is  composed  of  S.  E. 
Knickerbocker,  Jerome  G.  Layman  and  George 
Knickerbocker,  who  is  general  manager.  In  1880, 
the  company  had  the  building  412  and  414  Xicol- 
let  Avenue,  known  as  the  Eastman  block, erected. 
This  is  45x100  feet,  four  stories  high  and  base- 
ment. It  is  huilt  of  brick,  with  front  of  Illinois 
limestone,  rubbed  smooth,  and  trimmings  of 
polished  marble.  The  floors  are  so  arranged  that 
eighty  sets  of  furniture  may  be  shown.  An  hy- 
draulic elevator  is  used  for  conveying  furniture 
from  floor  to  floor.  The  lirm  manufacture  fine 
furniture  and  draperies  to  order,  and  also  car- 
ries a  full  line  of  heavy  and  common  furni- 
ture. They  employ  twelve  workmen,  and  their 
sales  amount  to  575,000  annually. 

The  furniture  mantifactory  and  repairing  shops 
of  Liljengren  and  Dean,  111  Third  street  south, 
was  started  in  1877  by  U.  B.  Liljengren,  who 
conducted  it  successfully  until  May  1, 1880,  when 
E.  Dean  took  an  interest,  and  they  have  con- 
ducted it  together  since,  employing  twenty  men. 
Most  of  their  goods  are  made  to  order.  The  ma- 
chinery is  operated  by  a  thiity-five  horse-power 
engine. 

Sonnen  and  'Werthman,  furniture  manufactur- 
ers, organized   in   1878,  on  Third  Avenue  and 


Third  street  south,  and  continued  there  until 
May  1st,  1880,  at  which  time  they  removed  to  113 
Washington  Avenue  noilh,  where  they  have  a 
salesroom  25x125  feet.  Their  factory  is  on  Nicol- 
let Island,  occupying  space  35x50  feet,  two  stories 
above  basement,  where  they  employ  fifteen  men, 
with  a  pay  roll  of  S200  per  week. 

Situated  on  the  soutliern  end  of  Nicollet  Is- 
land, is  a  building  known  as  the  '■  Island  Water 
Power  Company's  manufacturing  building," 
which  was  erected  by  the  company  in  1879.  The 
power  is  transmitted  by  a  steel  wire  cable  from  a 
wheel  located  at  the  platform  on  Hennepin  Is- 
land, to  the  building,  a  distance  of  1,000  feet. 
This  operates  a  shaft  which  runs  the  entire  length 
of  the  structure,  thus  enabling  tenants  of  each 
room  to  get  power  sufficient  to  operate  machin- 
ery. It  is  occupied  by  J.  B,  Clark,  box  factoi-y  ; 
C.  E.  Eastman,  flight  factory ;  R.  P.  Upton,  grist 
mill ;  J.  E.  Osborne,  grist  and  feed  mill ;  Skinner 
and  Sly,  paint  manufacturers ;  Sonnen  and 
Werthman,  furniture  makers ;  John  Grime  and 
Company,  machinists. 

Tlie  Minneapolis  Paper  Mill,  Brown,  Warner 
and  Latimer,  was  built  m  1866,  by  R.  D.  Warner, 
Edward  Brewster  and  E.  N.  Brown.  The  mill 
originally  had  one  62-inch  cylinder  machine,  and 
when  C.  N.  Warner  took  an  interest,  a  64-inch 
cylinder,  together  with  sufficient  machinery  to 
double  the  capacity  of  the  mill,  was  added.  The 
building  is  68x10.")  feet,  including  basement;  locat- 
ed at  the  foot  of  Seventh  Avenue  south,  on  the  ca- 
nal. The  number  of  persons  employed  is  eighty, 
of  whom  one-half  are  women.  The  company 
manufactme  from  eight  to  ten  hundred  tons  of 
print  paper  annually. 

The  Island  Paper  ]Mill,  was  built  at  the  upper 
end  of  Hennepin  Island,  in  1859,  by  Johnathau 
Chase  and  C.  C.  Secombe.  It  was  originally 
40x60  feet,  three-stories  high.  In  1860,  Mr.  Chase 
sold  his  interest  to  W.  W.  Eastman,  who  in 
company  with  Mr.  Secombe,  ran  it  about  two 
months  and  sold  to  E.  W.  Cutter.  Secombe  and 
Cutter  conducted  it  until  the  spring  of  1861, 
when  H.  M.  Carpenter  entered  the  firm.  In 
1866,  J.  T.  Averill  entered  the  company,  and  the 
mill  was  removed  to  its  present  location,  405 
Main  street  south-east.  The  building  is  three- 
stories  in  height,  75x90  feet.  In  1869,  W.  A. 
Eussell  entered,  and  Mr.  Secombe  retired,  and 


MISCELLANEOUS  MANUFACTOBIES. 


415 


Mr.  Cutter  retiring  in  1872,  tlie  present  firm  was 
organized.  Tliey  produce  4,000  pounds  of  wood 
pulp,  and  7,000  pounds  of  paper  daily.  The  ma- 
chinery consists  of  one  G2-inch  cylinder,  five  rag 
engines,  four  tub  bleachers,  and  four  wood  pulp 
stones,  operated  by  two  turbine  wheels,  one  75- 
inch  and  one  3.5-inch,  with  combined  power  of 
four-hundred  horse.  The  liusiness  for  1880, 
amounted  to  sflOO.OOO,  furnishing  work  to  fifty 
people,  who  are  paid  |1,500  per  month. 

The  Minneapolis  cotton  mill  is  located  at  the 
foot  of  Sixth  Avenue  south,  and  is  owned  by 
Dorillus  Morrison.  In  January,  1877,  Messrs. 
Ilonkomp  &  Cummings  rented  it,  and  by  July 
had  it  in  nmning  order.  In  February,  1880,  Mr. 
Cummings  retired.  The  products  are  seamless 
bags,  carpet  warps,  and  cotton  bats.  A  dye- 
house  m  connection  does  all  the  coloring.  This 
is  the  only  mill  of  the  kind  in  the  state.  It  is 
40x80  feet,  three  stories  high,  and  manufactures 
from  raw  cotton  |50,000  worth  of  goods  annually. 
The  picking,  carding,  spimung  and  weaving 
rooms  are  each  furnished  with  improved  machin- 
ery. They  use  a  thirty  horse-power  boiler  in  the 
dye-house  and  for  heating  purposes. 

Carding  mill  of  S.  Bonfoy,  is  the  only  estab- 
lishment of  the  kind  in  the  comity.  It  does 
solely  custom  work,  and  wool  is  sent  from  all 
parts  of  Minnesota  and  Wisconsin,  in  lots  of 
from  five  to  forty  poimds,  for  which  ten  cents  per 
pound  is  charged  for  carding. 

F.  W.  Bullard,  bag  factory,  in  Brackett's  block, 
was  established  in  1871,  doing  a  business  of 
$5,000  the  first  year,  since  when  it  has  increased 
to  125,000  aninially.  lie  manufactures  cloth 
and  prints  paper  sacks,  also  prints  for  dealers, 
sacks  in  which  they  export  flour.  In  1879,  Mr. 
Bullard  printed  300,000  of  these  sacks.  When 
he  commenced  business  he  used  but  one  hand- 
press,  but  now  uses  two  Iloe  power-presses. 
April  6th,  1880,  he  was  burned  out,  but  resumed 
again  on  the  29th  of  the  same  month. 

The  North  Star  Boot  and  Shoe  Company  was 
duly  incorporated  as  a  stock  company  in  1873, 
with  H.  G.  Harrison  as  president,  C.  B.  Ileffel- 
finger  business  manager,  and  A.  M.  Reid,  secre- 
tary and  treasurer.  On  opening,  they  occupied 
228  Washington  Avenue  north,  which  was  24x80 
feet,  three  stories  and  basement.  They  employed 
twenty-five  men  in  the  factory,  five  salesmen,  and 


two  traveling  salesmen,  attempting  a  home  trade 
only.  In  1875  they  were  compelled  to  seek  more 
commodious  cpuirters,  and  removed  to  their 
present  stand,  200,  202  and  204  Washington 
Avenue  north,  occupying  the  entire  building, 
which  is  sixty-eight  feet  front  and  eighty-five 
deep,  three  stories  high  and  basement.  The  base- 
ment is  used  for  storing  stock  of  rubber  goods, 
sole  leather,  and  boot  and  shoe  pacs.  The  office, 
packing  and  sample  room  are  on  the  first  floor. 
The  first  and  second  floor  are  used  as  stock  rooms, 
custom  work  and  a  full  line  of  mens'  and  boys' 
eastern  made  boots.  The  third  floor  is  devoted 
entirely  to  the  manufacture  of  goods,  and  is  di- 
vided into  foreman's  room,  cutting  room,  ma- 
chine room,  bottoming  room,  sole  leather  room, 
treeing  room  and  finishing  room.  They  employ, 
at  present,  one  luuidred  and  twenty-five  work- 
men, four  oflice  men,  five  men  in  the  salesroom 
and  packing  room,  and  seven  traveling  salesmen. 
The  trade  extends  throughout  Iowa,  Minnesota. 
Wisconsin,  Neljraska,  Colorado  and  Dakota,  in- 
cluding the  Black  Hills.  The  officers  are,  A.  M. 
Eeid,  president;  C.  B.  Ileffelfinger,  business  man- 
ager and  treasurer,  and  F.  M.  Held,  secretary. 
The  capital  is  S15O,0oo.  and  the  pay  roll  is  §1,0.50 
per  week. 

James  T.  Elwell,  spring  bed  and  mattress  man- 
ufacturer, began  business  October  I3th,  1874,  with 
his  brother,  under  the  name  of  Elwell  Bros.,  at 
the  comer  of  AVashington  Avenue  and  Second 
Avenue  north.  During  the  first  year  he  patented 
and  manufactured  but  one  bed,  the  "Minneapo- 
lis," Ms  business  amounting  to  but  $500.  In  July, 
1876,  James  T.  Elwell  purchased  his  brother's 
interest,  and  has  since  conducted  the  business 
alone.  In  1879,  he  found  his  quarters  insufficient, 
and  piu-chased  the  factory  corner  Third  Avenue 
south  and  Third  street,  manufacturing  over  twen- 
ty different  styles  of  spring  beds,  most  of  which 
are  his  own  invention.  Mr.  Elwell  recently  pur- 
chased six  and  one-half  acres  near  Fifth  Avenue 
south-east  and  Ninth  street  where  he  erected  a 
two-story  building,  32x134  feet,  and  a  warehouse 
50x100  feet,  capable  of  holding  about  4,000  beds. 
The  machinery  is  run  by  an  one  hundred  horse- 
power engine.  The  annual  business  amounts  to 
about  130,000,  and  gives  employment  to  fifteen 
men. 

The  mattress  factory  of  Salisbury,  Ilolph  and 


416 


HISIOBY  OF  BENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Comiiany.  110  ilain  street  south-east  was  estab- 
lished in  January,  1878.  by  T.  G.  Sahsbury.  At 
first,  wool  was  the  only  material  used.  In  Sep- 
tember. 1878,  ^y.  P.  Washburn  took  an  interest, 
and  the  manufact\ue  of  husk,  hair,  excelsior, 
moss,  and  all  styles  of  mattresses  known  to  the 
market  added.  The  business  the  first  year 
amounted  to  i  5,000,  and  in  1880  had  increased 
to  |22.00n.  On  the  1st  of  October.  1880,  W.  T. 
Rolph  entered  the  firm,  which  immediately 
erected  a  buildmg  36x50  feet,  three  stories  in 
height.  They  have  a  store  at  No.  20  Bridge 
Square,  and,  dining  the  year  1881,  expect  to  do 
a  business  of  $75,000.  The  firm  is  sole  agent  of 
J.  M.  Gaye's  hair  house,  of  Xew  York. 

Sullivan  and  Farnham's  ^linnesota  Marble, 
Mantle,  and  Tile  Works,  was  founded  by  J.  M, 
Sullivan  and  Company,  at  311.  Nicollet  Avenue, 
in  1879,  and  continued  until  August,  1880,  when 
the  firm  was  changed  to  Sullivan  and  Farnham, 
who  removed  to  38  Third  street  south.  They 
occupy  a  two-story  brick  building,  22x104  feet, 
where  they  do  an  annual  business,  of  I4O.00O, 
employing  fifteen  men. 

The  North-western  ilarble  Works  of  E.  I)on- 
lin,  makes  marble  and  granite  monmnents.  etc., 
and  was  started  in  1872,  in  Fast  Minneapolis. 
In  1877,  it  was  removed  to  the  west  side,  and 
located  at  325  Third  Avenue  south,  where  six 
men  are  employed.  The  annual  business  is 
115,000. 

C.  H.  Pauly  and  Company,  marble  dealers,  or- 
ganized in  March,  1880,  occupying  a  two-story 
frame  building.  24x36  feet  at  411  Hennepin  Av- 
enue. They  employ  four  men,  and  do  a  business 
of  |6,000  per  annum. 

D.  Manogue,  marlile  dealer,  335  north  Fifth 
street,  E.  1).,  began  business  in  1872,  with  E.  Don- 
lin,  under  the  firm  name  of  Donlin  &  Manogue. 
In  1877,  the  firm  dissolved,  and  Mr.  Manogue 
removed  to  his  present  stand,  where  he  has  en- 
joyed a  lucrative  business. 

The  marble  works  of  John  Keudelstarz  was  es- 
tablished in  1876,  at  208  Third  street  north,  in  a 
brick  sti-ucture,  20x28  feet,  where  he  employs 
three  men,  and  does  an  annual  business  of 
t4,000. 

Asbestine  Stone  Company,  orgaiiized  in  1873, 
for  the  manufacture  of  stone  for  trimmmgs,  ve- 
neering, sidewalks,  steps,  etc.,  is  located  outside 


of  the  city  limits,  west  of  Hennepin  Avenue. 
It  occupies  a  building  40x48  feet,  on  the  second 
floor  of  which  is  the  pattern-room,  occupying  a 
room  24x48.  The  stone  made  by  this  company 
is  in  general  use  throughout  the  city.  The  mem- 
bers are  E.  II.  and  T.  E.  Barrett  and  Daniel  El- 
liott. 

Nudd  &  Knight,  manufacturers  of  wooden 
eave-troughs  and  mouldings,  employ  eight  men, 
and  do  an  annual  business  t)f  |30,ooo,  selluig 
goods  in  ^linnesota,  Iowa,  Wisconsin,  Illinois, 
^Missouri,  Kansas,  Texas,  Nebraska  and  Dakota. 
This  business  was  established  in  1868,  by  Todd 
&  Squires.  In  1870,  Mr.  Todd  disposed  of  his 
interest  to  W.  II.  Nudd,  and  in  1872  E.  K.  Smith 
took  ilr.  Squires'  interest,  and  the  firm  became 
W.  H.  Nudd  &  Company.  In  1877,  J.  II.  Knight 
purchased  Mr.  Smith's  interest,  and  the  firm  be- 
came Nudd  &  Knight.  The  factory  is  at  110 
Main  street.  S.  E. 

Simonson  Bros.,  stah-building  establishment 
was  organized  in  1872,  and  is  the  only  concern  of 
the  kind  in  the  city,  devoting  themselves  solely 
to  stair-building,  making  stair-railings,  balusters, 
newel-posts,  etc.  The  factor.N'  is  located  at  1006 
Washington  Avenue  south,  and  is  20x61  feet, 
two  stories  high,  where  they  employ  ten  men, 
doing  an  anniial  business  of  $10,000.  The  mem- 
bers of  the  firm  are  C.  and  II.  Simonson. 

J.  M.  Griffith,  broom  manufacturer,  and  whole- 
sale dealer  in  broom  corn  and  broom-makers 
supplies,  corner  of  Fifth  street  and  Eleventh  Av- 
enue north,  started  in  business  in  1873,  This  is 
the  only  establishment  of  the  kind  west  of  Chi- 
cago and  north  of  St.  Louis.  The  business  has 
grown  from  >;  4,000  per  year  to  $30,000,  and  reach- 
ing throughout  the  entire  north-west.  The  ware- 
house on  Washington  Aveiuie,  corner  of  Fifth 
Avenue  north,  is  two-stories  high,  30x50,  feet. 

Tlie  show-case  manufactory  of  L.  Paulle  was 
established  in  1876,  at  311  Nicollet  Avenue,  In 
1879,  he  removed  to  123  Washmgton  Avenue 
south,  where  he  occupies  the  second  and  third 
floors,  employs  ten  men.  and  manufactures  an- 
nually a  large  number  of  show-cases  of  superior 
quality,  which  are  sold  in  this  state,  as  weU  as 
Wisconsin,  Dakota  and  Montana.  This  is  the 
only  factory  in  the  state  which  makes  all  the  de- 
tails of  show-cases.    • 

The  North  Star  Desk  Works  was  established 


CABBIAGE  MANUFACTOBIES. 


417 


in  1875,  at  the  corner  of  First  Avenue  north  and 
Washington,  by  Foster  and  Paul,  who  commenc- 
ed with  a  capital  of  11,000  and  a  worliing  force 
of  six  men.  In  1877,  Mr.  Paul  purchased  ground 
and  erected  his  present  building,  at  10-1  Second 
street  south.  This  building,  20.x  120  feet,  two 
stories  high,  accommodates  a  worlviiig  force  of 
thirty  men,  who  malie  ehurcli,  school  and  office 
furniture  exclusively. 

Wales  Bros.,  organ  manufacturers,  began  build- 
ing organs  at  220  Xicollet  Avenue.  In  1878, 
they  removed  to  223  Soutli  Third  street,  and  in 
June,  1879,  removed  to  their  present  location, 
No.  211  Nicollet  Avenue.  They  make  a  specialty 
of  manufacturing  pipe  organs,  which  have  given 
satisfaction  as  far  as  used. 

The  Minnehaha  Carriage  Works,  owned  by  J. 
M.  Pottle  and  Son,  are  located  at  117  Second 
street  south.  They  were  started  in  1862,  by  J. 
M.  Pottle,  who  conducted  them  until  1870,  when 
his  son,  J.  II.  Pottle,  took  an  interest,  and  the 
firm  has  since  been  J.  M.  Pottle  and  Son.  At 
the  start  nothing  but  common  work  was  done, 
and  they  employed  but  one  man.  They  now  do 
the  finest  work,  mostly  to  order,  employing 
twenty-five  men,  whom  they  pay  $300  per  week. 
Their  business  amoimts  to  ••? 75.000  annually.  The 
factory  occupies  space  of  125x1(30  feet. 

In  1872,  M.  Eoeller  began  manufacturing  car- 
riages at  246  Second  Avenue  south,  occupying  a 
building  22x104  feet,  two  stories  high.  In  1877, 
he  erected  a  brick  building  adjoining  this,  also 
two  stories  high,  and  22x65  feet.  The  first  floor 
is  used  for  wood  work  and  blacksmith  shop  and 
as  carriage  repository,  and  the  second  floor  for 
trimming-room,  painting,  and  finishing.  The 
shop  gives  work  to  fifteen  men. 

Martin  Brothers'  carriage  manufactory,  at  117 
and  119  First  Avenue  north,  commenced  opera- 
tions in  1878,  on  Third  street  south.  In  the  spring 
of  1880.  they  removed  to  their  present  quarters, 
occupying  the  whole  building,  which  is  40x100 
feet,  three  stories  above  basement.  The  first 
floor  is  used  as  a  carriage  repository  and  black- 
smith shop,  the  latter  occupying  space  30x40  feet 
in  the  rear.  The  second  floor  is  used  as  trimming 
room,  wood  shop  and  store-room.  The  painting 
is  done  on  the  tliird  floor,  and  the  material  is 
stored  in  the  basement.  They  employ  about  thirty 

men.   turnmg  out  light  carriages,  cutters,  etc. 

27 


The  firm  is  composed  of  C.  H,  and  B.  J.  Martin, 
who  came  to  Minneapolis  from  Chicago  in  1878. 

Driscoll  and  Forsyth,  manufacturers  of  haul- 
off  wagons  and  logging  sleds,  also  do  horse-shoe- 
ing and  general  iilacksmithing,  at  Nos.  24  and 
26  Main  street  northeast.  The  members  of  the  firm 
are  D.  Driscoll  and  W.  Forsyth.  The  business 
was  established  by  'Sir.  Driscoll  in  1875,  and  con- 
ducted by  hun  until  1879,  when  the  co-partner- 
ship was  formed.  In  October,  1879,  they  lost 
their  building  by  fire,  but  they  immediately  re- 
built on  an  enlarged  scale,  and  resumed  two  weeks 
after,  in  a  building  50x70  feet,  two  stories  high, 
where  they  now  employ  twelve  men. 

A.  S.  Converse  began  making  wagons  and  car- 
riages in  1855,  in  a  one  and  one-half  story  build- 
ing on  First  street,  near  Seventh  Avenue  north, 
where  the  bridge  crosses  Bassetfs  creek.  After 
staying  there  three  years,  he  opened  opposite 
what  is  now  the  Wilbur  House,  and  remained 
there  four  years,  was  then  out  of  business  for  two 
years.  Then  associating  with  A.  J.  Wilson,  oc- 
cupied various  locations,  and  finally  opened  on 
Washington  Avenue  and  Fourth  Avenue  north. 
He  there  built  two  more  shops  and  remained  up 
to  the  present  time.  The  shop  on  Washington 
Avenue  was  bimied  in  1876,  and  a  portion  of  the 
one  on  First  Avenue  north  in  1878,  leaving  three 
small  buildings,  which  he  now  occupies,  doing 
chiefly  a  repairing  lousiness.  Mr.  Converse  has 
been  awarded  five  premiums  for  fine  carriage 
and  sleigh  work,  four  at  state  fairs  at  St.  Paul, 
and  one  at  Minneapolis. 

James  Iverson,  wagon,  canlage  and  sleigh 
maker,  began  at  First  street  and  Second  Avenue 
north,  in  1871,  on  a  small  scale.  He  now  occu- 
pies a  building  22x90  feet,  two  stories  high,  twen- 
ty-eight feet  of  whicli  is  of  brick,  communicating 
with  the  work  room  in  the  rear  by  iron  doors. 
The  upper  floor  is  used  as  a  trimming  room.  The 
business  amounts  to  815,000  per  year. 

The  Minneapolis  Carriage  Works,  N.  P.  Swan- 
berg,  proprietor,  was  built  in  1873,  at  605  south 
Third  street.  The  busmess,  amounting  to  |12,000 
per  annum,  is  carried  on  in  a  building  24x60  feet 
two  stories  liigh,  in  which  are  employed  twelve 
men,  whose  pay  roll  is    100  per  week. 

Cook  Brothers,  H.  T.  and  C.  II.,  manufactm-ers 
of  wagons,  carriages  and  express  wagons,  do  all 
kinds  of  repairing  in  wood  and  iron,  requiring 


418 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


two  men.  Their  factory.  18x5-1  feet,  is  at  121 
Thirteenth  Avenue  south. 

Hennepin  Carriage  Works.  1502  Hennepin 
Avenue,  were  commenced  at  the  comer  of  Third 
street  and  Thiid  Avenue  south,  in  the  spring 
of  1870,  by  John  Clark.  After  various  changes 
in  firm  name,  it  was  sold,  and  Mr.  Clark  worked 
for  other  parties  until  the  spring  of  1880,  when 
he  purchased  his  present  place,  which  is  a  two- 
storj-  frame,  22x10,  where  he  employs  two  men 
besides  himself. 

Charles  Buekendorf  established  busmess  in 
1870,  manufacturing  carriages,  express  wagons, 
buggies,  sleighs  and  the  work  usually  tiu-ned 
out  by  a  general  wagon-maker;  also  does  repair- 
ing, employing  three  men  in  the  shop:  located  at 
358  Fourth  Avenue  south. 

Peterson  &  llunun,  manufacturers  of  heavy 
and  light  wagons,  buggies,  cutters,  etc.  This 
firm  was  organized  in  1877. and  has  smce  enjoyed 
a  prosperous  business,  on  First  street,  comer  of 
Fifth  Avenue  north.  They  do  all  kinds  of  re- 
pairing in  wood  and  iron. 

There  are  a  number  of  shops  where  wagon- 
making  and  repairing  is  carried  on.  in  connec- 
tion with  general  blacksmithing  and  horse-shoe- 
ing. Among  them,  Charles  D.  Brown,  Bummert 
&  Thelen,  J.  Carey,  M.  W.  Connor,  Hem&Olin, 
J.  B.  Hunt,  McGregor  &  Mayn,  G.  Seibel  and 
Weier  &  Mangen. 

J.  K.  Clark,  proprietor  of  the  box  factory,  in 
the  Island  AVater  Power  Company's  building,  be- 
gan business  in  1878,  in  what  is  now  the  base- 
ment of  the  Union  Iron  Works.  He  soon  re- 
moved to  a  place  near  the  old  Moulton  planing 
mUl,  where  he  remained  one  year,  and  then  re- 
moved to  his  present  stand,  where  he  has  two 
stories,  40x50  feet.  He  employs  eight  men,  and 
does  an  annual  business  of  from  eight  to  ten 
thousand  dollars,  dealing  in  boot  and  shoe,  soap, 
and  many  other  kinds  of  boxes  used  for  packing 
articles  of  export. 

The  flight  manufactorj-  of  C.  E.  Eastman  was 
commenced  in  1879,  on  the  second  floor  of  the 
Island  Water  Power  Company's  manufacturing 
building,  on  Xicollet  Island,  where  he  has  a  room 
20x10.  The  product,  "  flight,"  is  a  wooden  pin, 
used  in  the  construction  of  conveyers  for  flouring 
mills.    The  business,  amounting  to  from  $6,000 


to  |;7.000  per  annum,  is  the  only  one  of  its  kind 
in  the  city. 

In  1874,  the  "  ilinneapoUs  Stencil  Works "'  was 
established  by  Elwood  Levy,  who,  in  the  spring 
of  1878.  purchased  the  business  of  H.  C.  Hamlin, 
and  removed  his  stock  to  the  stand  of  the  latter, 
on  Second  street  and  Xicollet  Avenue,  where  the 
concern  remains.  In  August,  1880,  George  Walls 
purchased  it  of  ilr.  'Levy  and  associated  with 
himself,  his  son  C.  H.  Walls,  and  A.  M.  Forres- 
ter, under  the  firm  name  of  George  Walls  and 
Company.  They  make  stencil  plates,  steel  and 
rubber  stamps,  and  do  seal  engraving. 

George  L.  Dickinson,  paper  box  maker,  203 
Hennepin  Avenue,  began  business  in  1878,  on 
the  thii-d  floor,  m  a  room  22x70  feet,  where  he 
employs  four  men,  making  goods  which  are 
principally  disposed  of  in  the  citj'  and  surround- 
ing territory. 

John  Guth,  paper  box  manufacturer,  121  iNic- 
oUet  Avenue,  began  business  in  1875.  He  em- 
ploys two  men,  in  a  basement  room,  22x100  feet. 
In  connection  with  his  paper  box  factorj'  he  con- 
ducts a  book  and  stationery  store. 

The  pottery  of  J.  C.  Malchow,  804  north-east 
Marshall  sti-eet,  was  founded  in  1870,  manufac- 
turing flower  pots,  terra  cotta  vases,  rustic  ware, 
etc.,  employing  three  men,  who  produce  100,000 
flower  pots  per  year. 

The  Minneapolis  Liquid  Paint  Company,  was 
organized  July  1st,  1880,  by  T.  J.  Skiimer  and 
Company.  The  factory  occupies  room  40x50 
feet  in  the  Island  Water  Power  Company's  build- 
ing, where  they  employ  four  men,  producing 
annually  about  40.000  gallons  of  paint,  which 
they  sell  in  Mimiesota,  Iowa,  Wisconsin,  Dakota 
and  Manitoba.  The  power  used  is  about  twenty 
horse.  In  connection  with  this  business  they  do 
house  and  sign  painting  and  decorating.  Their 
oflSce  is  at  14  and  16  Third  street  south; 
they  employ  from  seventy-five  to  one  hundred 
men. 

The  trunk  factory  of  Barnum  and  Goodrich 
was  founded  in  1872,  by  D.  D.  Whitney,  and  is 
the  pioneer  trunk  factorj-  of  Mimieapolis.  Sep- 
tember 1st,  1880.  Mr.  Whitney  was  succeeded  by 
Barnum  and  Goodrich.  Their  stand  is  25  AVash- 
ington  Avenue  north,  where  they  make  all  kinds 
of  trunks,  valises  and  sample  cases.  They  keep 
the  finest  stock  of  auv  establishment  of  the  kind 


MANUFACTURERS. 


419 


in  the  state.  The  building  is  25x85  .feet,  four 
stories  in  height,  and  is  operated  by  steam.  They 
employ  fifteen  men,  and  do  an  annual  business  of 
$30,000.  The  salesroom  is  in  charge  of  Mr.  Frank 
Dunnigan,  who  is  a  practical  trunk  maker  of  large 
experience,  and  who  came  to  Jlinneapolis  from 
St.  Louis,  in  1876.  Messrs.  Barnum  and  Good- 
rich are  natives  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  whence  they 
came  and  purchased  they  business  of  Mr.  Whit- 
ney, who  was  compelled  to  retire  on  account  of 
ill  health. 

J.  L.  Grandy,  maker  of  the  "New  Comet  Wash- 
ing Machhie,"  and  repairer  of  clothes  wringers, 
commenced  in  1879,  at  253  Plymouth  Avenue, 
where  he  occupies  a  one  story  frame  building, 
22x30  feet,  doing  a  rapidly  increasing  business. 

Burnham  Brothers,  corner  Tenth  Avenue  north, 
and  Second  street,  commenced  business  in  June 
1878,  in  a  frame  building  40x75,  one  story  high, 
where  they  manufacture  well  and  sewer  pipe,  well 
curbing  and  well  curb  stone.  The  business  is 
rapidly  increasing  and  they  are  adding  to  their 
facilities. 

The  carpet-lieating  works,  of  F.  C.  Walker, 
was  established  in  the  sprmg  of  1879,  for  the 
purpose  of  beating  and  cleaning  carpets  by  anew 
process,  invented  by  the  proprietor.  During  the 
winter  season  he  manufactures  extension  lad- 
ders. The  business  employs  six  men,  and  is  on 
Nicollet  Avenue,  between  Twelfth  and  Thirteenth 
streets. 

N.  E.  Colstrom,  maker  of  brick  machines, 
moulds,  trucks,  wheelbarrows  and  turning 
machines,  first  located  in  1870,  on  the  corner  of 
Second  Avenue  north  and  Sixth  street.  In  1880, 
he  removed  to  1226  Seconcr  Avenue  north,  where 
he  occupies  a  one  and  one-half  story  building, 
18x32  feet,  with  a  one-story  addition,  18x20  feet, 
Mr.  Colstrom  is  the  inventor  of  a  turning  ma- 
chine, by  which  twelve  bricks  may  be  turned  at 
once,  thus  saving  labor  and  greatly  facilitating 
the  manufacture. 

Slocum  and  Woodruff,  manufacturers  of  buck- 
skin gloves,  mittens,  etc.,  opened  at  28  Second 
street  north,  where  they  employ  from  eight  to 
twelve  men.  This  business  is  rapidly  increasing, 
being  100  per  cent  greater  in  1880,  than  in  the 
preceeding  year. 

J.  H.  Putnam,  manufacturer  of  gloves  and 
mittens,  312  First  Avenue  south,  began  business 


at  239  Nicollet  Avenue,  in  1878.  He  removed  in 
August,  1880,  to  his  present  location,  where  he 
does  a  wholesale  and  retail  business,  occupying 
the  first  floor  and  basement,  and  employing  eight 
men  and  twenty  women.  He  tans  his  o\\'n  ma- 
terial on  the  East  Side,  near  the  University. 

The  Mmneapolis  Dye  Works  of  John  D. 
Meyer,  No.  2  Hennepin  Avenue,  was  established 
in  1866,  for  the  purpose  of  dyeing  and  scouring 
all  kinds  of  woolen  goods,  dresses,  shawls,  coats, 
pants,  carpet  rags,  etc.  Mr.  Meyer  is  a  practical 
dyer  of  long  experience. 

The  Minnesota  Soap  Company  was  established 
in  1862,  by  Ilechtman  and  Grethen,  who  em- 
ployed six  men.  In  1872,  the  Minnesota  Soap 
Company  was  organized  and  incorporated,  with 
a  capital  of  175,000,  and  located  on  the  corner  of 
Marshall  street  and  Thirteenth  Avenue  northeast. 
The  members  are  H.  Ilechtman,  II.  Grethen, 
T.  M.  Pleins,  and  James  Beach.  The  factory 
consists  of  a  building  of  stone  and  brick,  66x115 
feet,  two  stories  above  basement,  and  a  ware- 
house 22x60  feet.  The  company  employs  twenty 
persons  in  the  factory,  and  three  salesmen.  The 
trade  extends  throughout  Minnesota.  Iowa,  Wis- 
consin, Montana,  Dakota,  and  Manitoba. 

The  jSIinueapolis  Soap  'Works,  owned  by  Pom- 
eroy  and  Benner,  was  established  in  1880,  at  Nos. 
207,  209,  and  211  north  Fifth  street.  They  em- 
ploy ten  men,  and  are  at  a  weekly  expense  of 
about8l,000.  The  goods  are  sold  in  Minnesota, 
Wisconsin,  and  Dakota. 

The  Minnesota  Linseed  Oil  Company,  the  pio- 
neer maiuifactory  of  oil  from  flaxseed  grown  in 
the  state,  was  organized  in  1869,  as  a  firm,  by  G. 
Scheithn,  D.  C.  Bell,  J.  K.  and  II.  G.  Sidle.  In 
1870,  after  the  works  had  begun  to  be  successful, 
they  were  totally  destroyed  by  fire,  but  were  im- 
mediately rebuilt  on  an  enlarged  scale,  and  the 
present  company  incorporated.  Since  1870  they 
have  fostered  among  the  farmers  of  JMinnesota 
and  Iowa  the  new  industry  of  raising  flaxseed,  of 
which  they  use  100,000  bushels  annually.  The 
factory  produces  200,000  gallons  of  linseed  oil, 
2,000  tons  of  oil-cake,  whicli  is  largely  exported 
to  England  and  Scotland,  and  from  150  to  200 
tons  of  putty.  The  company  has,  within  the  past 
year,  added  to  their  other  products  the  prepara- 
tion of  liquid  paint,  thus  consuming  the  surplus 
linseed  oil  hitherto  shipped  abroad,  and  adding 


420 


HISTOEY  OF  HUNNEPIN  COUNTY. 


150,000  to  the  annual  income.  The  works  are 
operated,  day  and  night,  by  a  seventy-five  liorse- 
power  engine,  and  furnish  employment  to  about 
thirty  men. 

The  Star  Oil  Company,  A.  M.  Dole  and  Com- 
pany, was  fonned  in  October,  1878,  and  manufac- 
tures and  deals  in  lubricating  and  burning  oils. 
They  occupy  a  building  24x60  feet,  at  216  Third 
Avenue  south,  and  as  they  are  alone  in  the  state, 
their  business  is  rapidly  increasing.  This  concern 
also  handles  a  gasoline  stove,  which  is  meeting 
with  general  satisfaction  as  the  most  practical  in 
use,  and  which  is  being  extensively  sold.  It  is 
designed  for  summer  use. 

The  cracker  manufactory  iiwned  by  II.  F.  Lil- 
libridge,  was  started  in  1870,  by  J.  C.  Gardner,  at 
No.  20  "Washington  Avenue  south.  In  1873  Mr. 
Lillibridge  purchased  and  has  since  conducted 
the  same.  In  1875  he  removed  to  Nos.  13,  and  17 
Third  street  south,  occupying  a  building  45x65 
feet,  and  three  stories  high.  In  1880  he  erected 
a  four  story  brick  building,  22x90,  and  now  oc- 
cupies both  buildings.  This  establishment  is  the 
largest  of  the  kind  in  the  north-west,  employing 
fifty  persons,  working  day  and  night,  making 
from  ion  to  125  barrels  of  crackers,  besides  the 
bread  cake,  etc.,  which  is  disposed  of  in  the  re- 
tail department  and  using  fiftj-  barrels  of  flour 
per  day.  He  does  a  jobbing  business  m  confection- 
ery, nuts,  etc.,  employing  three  travelmg  sales- 
men. 

The  confectionery  manufactory  of  Bagley  & 
Fay,  was  started  in  1878,  by  Bagley  Bros,  at  the 
present  location,  Xo.  244  First  Avenue  south. 
The  business  changed  hands  a  number  of  times 
before  August,  1880,  when  the  present  finn  of 
Bagley  &  Fay  became  the  owners,  manufacturing 
and  importing  confectioneries.  Their  salesroom 
is  20x30  feet,  adjoining  which  is  a  work-room 
20x40  feet.  They  do  an  annual  business  of 
150,000,  selling  extensively  in  Dakota,  Iowa  and 
Wisconsin. 

The  candy  factory  of  J.  B.  Tinklepaugh  was 
commenced  with  a  very  limited  capital,  in  1877, 
and  the  first  year  his  business  was  correspondmg- 
ly  light,  but  has  been  steadily  increasing,  and 
during  the  past  year  his  busmess  amounted  to 
about  $7,000.  During  the  winter  of  1879^"80,  he 
used  five  tons  of  sugar,  and  during  the  summer 
of  1880,  manufactured  between  1,700  and  1,800 


gallons  qf  ice  cream.  His  stand  is  at  N"o.  219 
Central  Avenue. 

In  1871,  Joseph  Miller  began  the  manufacture 
of  candies  and  ice  cream,  at  Xo.  127  Nicollet 
Avenue,  and  in  1875,  removed  to  his  present  lo- 
cation, No.  253  Hennepin  Avenue.  His  ma- 
chinery is  run  by  a  twenty-four-inch  hydraulic 
motor  of  one  horse-power,  furnished  by  the  city 
water  works. 

On  the  1st  day  of  October,  1874,  E.  M.  May 
established  his  candy  manufactory  at  No.  307 
Nicollet  Avenue,  where  his  first  year's  business 
amoimted  to  about  ^3.000.  This  has  gradually 
increased  to  an  annual  receipt  of  -^8,000,  He 
employs  six  persons,  and  makes  all  kinds  of  plain 
and  fancy  dishes  for  suppers,  parties,  etc.  Mr. 
May  makes  a  specialty  of  ice  creams,  producing 
the  past  year  over  2,000  gallons,  a  portion  of 
which  he  shipped  to  various  pomts  in  Minneso- 
ta and  Wisconsin. 

In  1878,  G.  Bagley  commenced  to  make  candy, 
with  his  brother,  on  First  Avenue  south,  where 
they  remained  mitil  the  spring  of  1880,  when  he 
formed  a  co-partnership  with  S.  C.  Weeks,  under 
the  name  of  Bagley  &  Weeks,  who  began  opera- 
tions in  the  rear  of  Jones  &  Abbott's  fruit  store. 
In  December,  1880.  they  removed  to  No.  316 
Nicollet  Avenue,  the  present  quarters,  soon 
after  which  "Mr.  Weeks  retired,  and  Mr.  Bagley 
has  since  conducted  the  business  alone. 

In  1850  John  Orth  built  a  wooden  structure, 
18x30  feet,  on  the  site  of  his  present  brewery.  No. 
1215  Marshall  street  northeast.  Here  he  brewed 
the  first  beer  made  in  Hennepm  county,  using  a 
kettle  holding  but  two  and  one-half  barrels.  He 
now  uses  a  vat  holding  one  himdred  and  twenty 
barrels.  The  concern  has  a  fermenting  cellar, 
holding  1,600  barrels,  storage  for  3.500  barrels, 
two  malt  houses,  one  with  a  capacity  for  about 
75,000  bushels,  one  holding  20.000  bushels,  and 
cooling  rooms.  Formerly  cellars  dug  in  sand 
rock  were  used,  but  have  been  replaced  by  ice- 
cellars,  for  which  ice  is  stored  in  a  house  holding 
5,000  tons.  An  artesian  well  on  the  premises 
supplies  the  water. 

Gluek's  brewery  was  started  in  a  little  wooden 
building,  in  1857,  by  Rank  and  Gluek,  on  Mar- 
shall street,  near  Twenty-second  Avenue  north- 
east, where  it  nov*'  stands.  In  1863,  Mr.  Gluek 
pm'chased  Mr.  Rank's  interest,  and  run  it  alone: 


WHOLESALE  HOUSES. 


421 


iintil  his  death,  which  occurred  October  16th, 
1880.  March  20,  1880,  the  wooden  portion  was 
destroyed  by  fire,  but  Mr.  GUiek  immediately  be- 
gan to  rebuild,  and  had  nearly  completed  it 
wlien  his  death  occurred.  The  present  building 
is  of  lirick,  two  stories  high,  and  20x60  feet.  The 
first  floor  is  used  as  a  brewing  room,  22x60  feet, 
and  the  balance  for  a  malt  cellar.  In  connection 
are  two  ice  houses,  one  24x50  feet,  and  another 
24x52  feet.  The  capacity  of  the  new  brewery  is 
forty-five  barrels  per  day. 

The  Minneapolis  Brewery,  Mueller  &  Hein- 
rich  proprietors,  was  built  in  1860,  by  Kranzlein 
&  Mueller.  It  is  located  on  the  lower  levee,  on 
the  Mississippi  river;  is  40x60  feet,  with  storage 
capacity  of  2,800  barrels.  Kranzlein  &  Mueller 
conducted  the  concern  until  1869,  when  Mr. 
Kranzlein  became  the  sole  owner,  and  conducted 
it  four  years,  and  then  conveyed  it  to  Mueller  & 
Heini'ich,  who  have  enlarged  it  from  time  to 
time,  erecting  in  1875  a  stone  building  30x40  feet, 
two  and  one-half  stories  high,  used  for  brewing, 
in  1876,  a  three-story  brick,  30x40  feet,  used  for 
boiler-house  and  other  purposes,  besides  a  malt- 
kiln  and  malt-house  and  three  ice-houses.  The 
aggregate  storage  capacity  is  now  6,000  barrels. 
In  1880,  they  put  in  a  sixty  horse-power  boiler,  in 
addition  to  one  of  thirty  horse-power,  and  they 
now  have  a  brewery  equipped  in  a  thoroughly 
first-class  maimer  throughout. 

The  City  Brewery,  located  on  Twentieth  Ave- 
nue south,  corner  of  Bluff  street,  was  founded 
by  Mr.  Zahler,  who  took  in  as  partner  Mr.  Noer- 
enberg.  Mv.  Zahler  dying,  F.  D.  Noerenberg 
has  had  possession  since  May,  1880.  The  estab- 
lishment is  thoroughly  equipped,  and  employs 
eight  men,  to  whom  eighty-live  dollars  per  week 
are  paid. 


CHAPTER  LXVI. 


"WHOLESALE  TRADE — DKY  GOODS — GEOCERIES — 
OTHER  BUSINESS  HOUSES. 

Minneapolis  enjoys  such  facilities,  from  the 
many  lines  of  railroads  centering  here,  as  makes 
it  naturally  a  gi'eat  distributing  point  for  the 


north-west.  Many  wholesale  establishments  have 
been  located  here,  and  the  trade  is  increasing. 
The  failure  of  N.  B.  Harwood  and  Company,  a 
large  dry  goods  house,  dirring  the  last  year,  was 
a  blow  to  the  trade,  though  attributable  to  the 
personal  management,  and  not  to  lack  of  advan- 
tages in  the  location.  The  tributary  territory  is 
constantly  increasuig  by  the  extension  and  mul- 
tiplication of  railroads,  in  fertile  agi'icultural 
districts.  The  wholesale  trade  in  1880,  amounted 
to  $24,299,000,  with  an  increase  of  110,000,000 
over  that  of  the  preceding  year,  divided  as  fol- 
lows :  groceries,  56,285,000  ;  dry  goods,  clotliing, 
hats  and  caps,  |3,691,000;  wines,  liquors  and 
cigars,  |1 ,150,000;  queensware,  drugs  and  oils, 
$850,700  ;  hardware  and  stoves,  §1,825,300  :  boots, 
shoes,  leather  and  hides,  •11,675,200  ;  crackers  and 
confectionery,  §260,000;  paper  and  stationery, 
1350,000;  agricultural  implements,  $3,750,000; 
furniture,  and  carpets,  etc.;  •1637,000;  produce  com- 
mission, 13,625,000. 

The  retail  trade  of  the  city  is  represented  by 
more  than  four  hundred  firms,  whose  business 
aggregates  about  $18,000,000,  according  to  trust- 
worthy estimates. 

The  wholesale  dry  goods  and  notion  house  of 
Wyman,  MuUin  and  VanDyke,  214  and  216  Hen- 
nepin Avenue,  was  established  in  April,  1875,  by 
Wyman  and  Mullin,  and  is  the  first  wholesale 
dry  goods  and  notion  house  founded  in  Minne- 
apolis. At  first  the  firm  t)ccupied  but  one  floor, 
but  the  trade  soon  increased,  and  they  were  com- 
pelled to  rent  the  entire  building,  including  three 
floors  and  a  basement.  In  the  spring  of  1880, 
they  had  a  building  erected  expressly  for  their 
business.  This  is  a  brick  structure,  foiu-- 
stories  high,  cut  stone  front,  30x125  feet.  In 
July,  1880,  W.  J.  Yan  Dyke  entered  the  firm,  the 
capital  was  mcreased,  and  trade  extended.  The 
firm  employs  thirty  men  in  and  about  the  build- 
ing, and  keeps  seven  traveling  salesmen  constantly 
on  the  road.  The  trade  extends  throughout  Iowa, 
Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  Dakota  and  Montana, 
and  is  a  fair  indication  of  the  splendid  facilities 
presented  by  JSlinneapolis  as  a  wholesale  business 
centi'e. 

Coykendall  Brothers  and  Company,  wholesale 
dealers  in  dry  goods,  notions,  hosiery,  white 
goods,  etc.,  No's  118  and  120,  Washington  Avenue 
north,  commenced  business  in  1873,  in  a  retail 


422 


HISTOST  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


dry  goods  house,  wliicli  they  continued  until 
1877,  wlien  tbey  retired  from  this,  and  confined 
their  attention  exclusively  to  wholesale  trade. 
Their  building  is  50x100  feet  four  stories  high, 
where  tliey  employ  twelve  men  as  salesmen,  book- 
keepers, etc.  They  also  have  four  traveling 
salesmen,  who  carry  the  trade  throughout  ilinue- 
sota,  Iowa,  Dakota,  and  a  portion  of  Wisconsin, 
The  sales  for  18S0  amounted  to  -fodO.OOO, 

The  wholesale  and  retail  dr)-  goods  and  no- 
tion house  of  Goodfellow  and  Eastman,  was 
started  in  the  Herrick  block,  in  1878.  These 
quarters  soon  proved  inadequate  for  their  busi- 
ness, and  they  moved  into  the  block  built 
expressly  for  them  by  Mr.  Casey.  This  build- 
ing has  a  front  of  Lemont,  Illinois,  hme- 
Btone,  and  is  four  stories  high.  It  is  one  of 
the  finest  buildings  in  the  state,  and  is  wholly 
occupied  by  this  firm.  The  basement  is  used 
for  storing  and  receiving  goods,  the  first 
floor  as  general  retail  sales-room,  second  floor  as 
cloak  and  show  room,  the  third  floor  for  storing 
heavy  goods,  and  the  fourth  floor  is  devoted  en- 
tirely to  fancy  goods  and  notions.  They  employ 
about  sixty  persons  in  and  about  their  house. 
Tlieir  retail  business  extends  over  the  whole  of 
Minnesota,  and  the  jobbing  business  over  the 
Northern  and  AVestern  states  and  territories  to 
the  Pacific. 

George  W.  Hale  and  Company,  retail  dealers 
in  dvx  goods  and  notions,  began  business  in  1868, 
on  Washington  Avenue  south,  with  but  two 
salesmen.  In  1872,  they  removed  to  their 
present  quarters,  301  and  303  NicoUet  Avenue. 
The  buUding  has  a  frontage  of  44  feet,  a  depth 
of  120  feet,  and  was  built  expressly  for  this  firm, 
by  J.  G.  Gluck.  The  first  year  the  business 
amounted  to  but  ^25,000;  In  18S(»  it  was 
$300,000.  The  members  of  the  firm  are  George 
W.,  and  Jefferson  M.  Hale. 
.  Eichelzer  and  Company,  hatters  and  fiu-riers, 
No.  212  XicoUet  Avenue,  do  principally  a  retail 
business,  and  mamifactiire  fur  goods,  cloth  hats 
and  caps,  and  ^lackinaw  hats.  The  house  was 
established  in  1871,  by  D.  and  W.  Ilandly,  at  the 
present  stand,  and  pmx-hased  in  August,  1872,  by 
P.  F.  Eichelzer  and  J.  S.  Snoddy.  Mr.  Snoddy 
died' in  July,  1874.  and  August  following,  Mr. 
Eichelzer  became  the  sole  proprietor.  At  the 
time  of  the  Central  block  fire,  Mi-.  Eichelzer  suf- 


fered with  his  neighbors,  but  saved  most  of  his 
stock.  In  March,  1879,  R.  A.  Lanpher,  of  St. 
Paid,  was  admitted  to  the  firm,  which  became 
Eichelzer  and  Company. 

E.  B.  Preston  and  Company,  wholesale  and  re- 
tail dealers  in  leather  and  rubber  belting,  rubber 
boots,  clothing,  and  all  kinds  of  rubber  goods,  be- 
gan business  at  Xo.  240  Hennepin  Avenue, 
in  January.  1880.  As  their  ti-ade  increased,  they 
removed,  in  May  following,  to  Xo.  203  Xicollet 
Avenue,  where  they  occupy  one  floor  and  the 
basement.  2-5x100  feet.  The  firm  employs  six 
men,  t\vo  of  whom  are  traveling  salesmen,  who 
do  business  throughout  Minnesota,  AVisconsin, 
Iowa,  and  Dakota.  The  members  of  the  firm  are 
E.  B.  Preston,  who  has  a  large  house  m  Chicago, 
and  W.  S.  Xott,  who  has  charge  of  the  Minnea- 
polis department.  They  represent  the  Xew  York 
Belting  and  Packing  Company  in  the  West,  and 
are  the  only  firm  who  handle  this  line  of  goods 
exclusively. 

H.  G.  Harrison  and  Co.,  wholesale  grocers,  or- 
ganized in  May,  1880,  and  located  Lii  the  Wol- 
ford  block,  on  Hennepin  Avenue,  but  the  building 
was  insufficiently  strong  to  hold  the  heavy  goods 
which  were  stored  on  the  upper  floors,  and  soon 
fell.  In  June  they  occupied  three  floors,  one 
hundred  feet  square,  in  Bracketfs  block,  doing 
an  exclusively  wholesale  business,  and  carrying 
an  extensive  stock,  doing  business  in  northern 
Iowa.  Wisconsin.  Minnesota,  Dakota  and  Mon- 
tana. The  firm  employs  twentj-  men,  six  of 
whom  are  constantly  traveling.  During  the  first 
year  the  sales  amounted  to  SI  .500.000.  The  mem- 
bers of  the  firm  are  II.  G.  Harrison  and  Frank  B. 
Felt,  both  of  extensive  experience. 

Anthony  Kelly  and  Co..  wholesale  grocers, 
X'os.  125,  127  and  129  Washington  Avenue  north, 
located  there  in  1877.  In  1858,  Messrs.  P.  H.  and 
Anthony  Kelly  established  a  grocery  business 
on  AVashington  Avenue  and  Second  Avenue  south, 
domg  a  retail  trade.  In  1860,  their  business  had 
increased  to  such  a  degree  that  they  were  com- 
pelled to  seek  more  room,  and  they  removed  into 
the  building  now  used  as  the  Xational  hotel,  and 
after  a  year  into  Dayton  block;  removed  next  to 
Bridge  square  and  First  street.  The  firm  was 
known  as  Kelly  and  Brother  imtil  1864.  when  P. 
H.  Kelly  retired,  and  commenced  business  in  St. 
Paid.    Anthony  Kelley  continued  the  business 


WHOLESALE  GBOCEBIES. 


423 


alone,  and  in  March,  1866,  was  bmned  out,  and 
then  took  possession  of  the  building  known  as 
the  Kelly  block.  The  firm  was  then  known  as  A. 
Kelly  and  Co.,  and  remained  in  Kelly's  block 
until  1877.  The  building  now  occupied  is  66x100 
feet,  and  three  stories  in  height,  above  basement, 
and  has  an  extension  of  57x66  feet,  one  story  and 
basement,  in  rear.  The  business  is  exclusively 
wholesale,  and  employs  thirty-two  men,  six  of 
whom  are  tiaveling  salesmen.  In  1880,  it 
amounted  to  SI, •500,000,  and  extended  tln'ough- 
out  the  northwest. 

Hart,  Monroe  &  Tliomas,  proprietors  of  the 
Minneapolis  Spice  Mills  and  wholesale  fancy  gro- 
cers, are  located  at  108  Washington  Avenue  south. 
The  business  was  established  in  1870,  by  Squires, 
Hart  &  Company,  who  continued  it  until  1876,  at 
which  time  the  firm  of  Hart,  ]Monroe  &  Thomas 
was  organized,  and  has  since  conducted  the  busi- 
ness. It  is  the  only  establishment  of  the  kind  in 
the  state  tluit  makes  a  specialy  of  its  own  brands, 
and  grinding  spices  of  all  kinds.  Their  building 
is  22x130  feet,  three  stories  high  above  the  base- 
ment. In  the  rear  is  a  brick  building  used  as  an 
engine,  roasting  and  griuding-room.  An  engine 
of  fifteen  horse-power  turns  the  machinery. 
This  consists  of  three  large  roasting  cylinders  of 
recent  invention,  two  griniling  machines,  one  of 
which  is  a  small  set  of  buhrs,  and  two  machines 
for  roasting  coffee,  the  capacity  being  one  ton 
per  day.  The  firm  employs  ten  men,  four  sales- 
men traveling  constantly,  the  trade  being  extend- 
ed throughout  northern  Iowa,  Wisconsin,  Minne- 
sota, Dakota  and  Montana. 

The  wholesale  grocery  of  George  K.  Newell  & 
Company,  Nos.  9,  11  and  1-3  Washington  Avenue 
north,  was  founded  in  1870,  by  Stevens,  Morse  & 
Newell.  In  187.^^,  Messrs.  Stevens  and  Morse  re- 
tired, and  the  firm  of  Newell  &  Harrison  was  or- 
ganized, and  continued  until  May,  1879,  since 
when  Mr.  Newell  has  had  entire  control  of  the 
business.  The  first  year's  business  amounted  to 
to  125,000,  and  in  1880  to  12,000,000. 

S.  G.  Palmer  and  Company,  wholesale  fancy 
grocers,  occupy  a  building  which  was  erected  ex- 
pressly for  their  use,  at  Nos.  12  and  14  Washing- 
ton Avenue  north.  The  Inisiness  was  established 
in  March,  1878,  and  S.  G.  Palmer  and  Company 
took  charge  of  it  in  April,  1880.  The  building  is 
44x85  feet,  of  which  they  occupy  the  first  flogr 


and  basement.  The  carrj-  a  full  line  of  fruits  and 
fancy  groceries,  employing  three  traveling  sales- 
men. They  do  business  in  all  parts  of  Minneso- 
ta and  Dakota. 

The  house  of  Dunham  and  .lohnson,  wholesale 
grocers,  was  founded  in  1870,  and  does  business  at 
212  Hennepin  Avenue,  where  they  occupy  a  build- 
ing 28x125  feet,  four  stories  high  and  basement. 
They  employ  twelve  men,  four  as  traveling  sales- 
men, and  do  an  annual  business  of  about  §700,000, 
extending  throughout  Minnesota  and  portions  of 
the  adjoining  states  and  territories. 

The  wholesale  grocery  house  of  W.  W.  Ham- 
son  and  Company  occupies  the  Oswald  building. 
No.  19  Washington  Avemie  north.  Their  build- 
ing is  25x125  feet,  four  stories  and  basement. 
In  1877,  W.  W.  Harrison  commenced  business  at 
222  Heimepin  Avenue,  dealing  wholly  in  fancy 
groceries  by  wholesale.  In  September,  1880,  the 
firm  of  W.  W.  Harrison  and  Company  was  or- 
ganized, and  they  caiTy  a  full  line  of  staple  and 
fancy  gi-oceries,  employing  thirteen  men,  and  do- 
ing busmess  in  Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  and  Da- 
kota. 

Harrison  and  Knight,  wholesale  dealers  in  sad- 
dlery hardware,  wagon  and  carriage  material  and 
iron,  commenced,  at  No.  207  Nicollet  Avenue, 
in  1877,  and  continued  until  September  1st,  1880, 
when  they  removed  to  their  newbuildmg  on  First 
Avenue  south,  between  Washington  Avenue  and 
Third  street.  This  is  45x135  feet,  and  has  five 
floors,  and  is  so  arranged  that  light  is  received  on 
all  sides.  Two  hydraulic  elevators,  one  for  pass- 
engers and  one  for  freight,  giving  access  from 
floor  to  floor.  The  firm  employs  twelve  men,  four 
of  whom  are  traveling  salesmen,  supplying  cus- 
tomers throughout  the  north-west.  The  annual 
business  amounts  to  $300,000. 

J.  II.  Thompson's  clothing  house  is  at  No.  118 
Hennepin  Avenue,  in  a  three-story  brick  build- 
ing, 45x100  feet,  built  by  himself,  in  1871.  Mr. 
Thompson  started  in  business  in  Minneapolis  in 
1857,  on  Second  Avenue  south,  opposite  the  St. 
James  Hotel.  He  remained  here  until  1858,  and 
moved  to  Pirst  street,  near  where  the  hay  market 
now  is;  thence  to  a  builduig  near  the  suspension 
bridge,  where  he  remained  until  the  completion 
of  a  building  erected  by  him  at  No.  109  Nicollet 
Avenue.  Here  he  opened,  in  connection  with  his 
tailoring  department,  a  stock  of  clothing,  June 


424 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIA'  COUNTY. 


11th.  1860.  This  building  and  stock  were  de- 
stroyed by  fire,  and  Mr.  Thompson  went  into 
the  Nicollet  House,  where  he  remained  until 
1871,  when  he  purchased  his  present  site  and 
erected  a  building  on  it. 

The  New  York  Clothmg  House,  owned  by  K. 
Kees  and  Bro.,  is  at  the  corner  Hennepin  Ave- 
nue and  Second  street,  in  Kees'  block.  Mr. 
Rees  commenced  the  business  alone,  in  1869,  un- 
der Pence  opera  house,  where  he  remained  imtil 
1878,  when  he  purchased  ground  at  his  present 
location,  and  erected  a  brick  building,  three 
stories  high  above  basement,  22x85  feet.  In  1878, 
Gns.  Eees  took  an  interest  in  the  business,  and  the 
firm  has  large  branch  houses  in  Stillwater  and 
Mankato,  and  do  an  annual  business  of  §loO,- 
000,  employing  sixteen  men. 

G.  S.  Butler,  proprietor  of  the  U.  T.  K.  cloth- 
ing house,  began  in  1876,  at  Xo.  Ill  "Washington 
Avenue  south,  the  firm  known  as  Griffith,  Roberts 
and  Butler.  In  1878,  they  removed  to  210, 
Nicollet  and  211  Hennepin  Avenue,  the  store 
extending  from  avenue  to  avenue.  Pre\-i- 
ous  to  1879,  Mr.  Butler  had  been  business 
manager  of  the  firm,  and  in  September  of  that 
year,  purchased  the  interests  of  the  other  two, 
since  when  he  has  conducted  it  alone. 

Fuller  and  Simpson's  hat  and  shirt  store,  was 
founded  in  1870,  by  C.  A.  Fuller  and  E.  F.  GU- 
1am,  in  the  Nicollet  House  block,  a  few  doors 
from  their  present  location,  comer  of  Washing- 
ton and  Nicollet  Avenues,  and  they  carried 
a  complete  stock  of  gents"  furnishing  goods, 
hats,  caps,  etc.  In  1874,  Mr.  Gillam  sold  his 
interest  to  G.  H.  Simpson,  and  the  firm  then 
added  a  sliirt  manufactory,  and  in  1878,  a  laun- 
dry, for  which  they  rented  a  room  22x100  feet, 
at  No.  210  Firet  Avenue  south,  and  were  soon 
compelled  to  occupy  the  entire  building;  they 
employ  five  men  and  thirty  guls.  Laundry 
work  from  all  parts  of  the  state  is  sent  to  them 
by  express.  Their  gents"  furnishing  department 
and  factory  is  in  the  Nicollet  House  block,  occu- 
pying first  floor  and  basement,  22x90  feet,  where 
they  employ  five  men  and  twenty-five  girls. 

Boston  One  Price  Clothing  Store,  E.  H.  Steele 
proprietor,  was  established  August  1st,  1874,  in  a 
room  22x85  f eet ,  in  the  Academy  of  ^lusic .  Janu- 
ary 1st,  1876,  another  room  was  added  and  since 
then  he  has  enlarged  from  time  to  time,  and  now 


occupies  five  rooms,  four  of  them  22x85  and  one 
30x40,  and  the  basement,  which  is  85x110  feet. 
The  house  employs  seventy  men,  fifty  of  whom  are 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  clothing  to  order, 
and  during  the  dull  season  in  making  ready-made 
clothing.  The  other  twenty  men  are  salesmen, 
book-keepers,  etc.  The  business,  the  first  year,  ■ 
was  865,000,  and  in  1880,  was  S200.000. 

J.  H.  Kerrick  and  Co."s  machineiy  depot.  No. 
254  First  Avenue  south,  was  opened  October, 
1880,  for  handling  iron  and  wood  working  ma- 
chineiT  and  sujiplies  of  every  description.  The 
main  manufactory  is  located  at  IndianapoUs.  In- 
diana. The  branch  at  Minneapolis,  imder  the 
supervision  of  A.  H.  Goode.  is  the  only  establish- 
ment in  the  north-west  that  deals  exclusively  in 
this  line  of  goods,  which  supplies  a  want  long  felt 
in  Minneapolis  and  the  north-west.  They  occupy 
room  and  basement  50x80. 

C.  W.  Shatto.  agricultural  implement  dealer, 
opened  business  in  1873,  with  the  firm  of  Jones, 
Shatto  and  Co.  In  1875,  R.  H.  Jones  withdrew 
from  the  firm  and  went  into  the  Har\ester  works, 
and  the  firm  became  Shatto  and  Christian.  In 
1878,  Mr.  Shatto  purchased  Mr. Christian's  Interest, 
and  has  since  conducted  the  busmess  alone.  He 
has  branch  houses  at  Fergus  Falls  and  Can'er. 
His  present  location  is  No.  307  Washington 
Avenue  north. 

Clark  and  Mackroth  opened  their  agricultural 
implement  depot  at  No.  218  Washlngtou  Avenue 
north,  in  December,  1879,  and  have  already  ac- 
quired a  good  and  extensive  business.  They  are 
special  northwestern  agents  for  Furst  and  Bradley, 
of  Chicago,  Studebaker  Brothers  Manufacturing 
Company,  South  Bend,  Indiana;  the  Ohio  Steel 
Barb  Fence  Company,  Cleveland:  Detroit  Safe 
Company,  Detroit,  Michigan;  and  the  LaClade  Fke 
Brick  Manufacturing  Company.  They  also  do  a 
jobbing  business  In  miscellaneous  articles.  The 
members  of  the  firm  are  George  A.  Claik  and  Otto 
H.    Mackroth. 

Franklin  Steele.  Jr.,  and  Company,  agi-icultm-al 
implement  dealers,  commenced  doing  business  in 
1880,  in  a  brick  building  44x140  feet,  on  the  comer 
of  First  street  and  Second  Avenue  south.  They 
carry  an  immense  stock,  which  they  dispose  of  by 
wholesale  and  retail,  in  iiinnesota  -and  adjouiing 
states  and  temtories. 

W.  H.  Jones  and  Company,  dealers  in  agricul- 


BANKS  AND  BANKERS. 


425 


tural  implements,  N'os.  206  and  208  Wasliington 
Avenue  north,  commenced  January  1st,  1878. 
They  are  state  agents  for  the  Marsh  Harvester, 
Wire  and  Twine  Binders,  and  Warrior  mowers. 
During  the  year  1880,  the  business  amounted  to 
about  *1, 100,000. 

George  Blake,  dealer  in  Domestic  sewing  ma- 
chines, has  branch  offices  in  St.  I'aul  and  Still- 
water. In  1879-80,  he  erected  the  building  now 
occupied  by  him  at  320  Nicollet  Avenue.  This 
building  is  44x86  feet,  four  stories  high.  Tlie 
front  is  of  Ohio  sandstone,  and  is  highly  orna- 
mental. The  pavement  in  front  of  this  building 
is  the  first  area  stone  sidewalk  laid  in  the  city. 
On  the  first  floor  ^Ir.  Blake  has  his  salesroom. 
The  second  and  third  lloors  are  rented  for  oflices, 
and  the  fourth  for  sleeping  apartments.  At  the 
time  Air.  Blake  came  to  ^Minneapolis,  there  were 
but  30()  Domestic  sewing  machines  per  year  sold 
in  Minnesota ;  but  now  his  sales  amount  to  2,o00 
per  year,  requiring  sixteen  salesmen. 

Winecke  and  DoeiT,  wliolesale  and  retail  deal- 
ers in  tobacco  and  cigars,  established  a  retail 
business  in  1873,  on  Washington  Avenue  south, 
where  they  remained  imtil  1875,  when  they  re- 
moved to  No.  25  Washington  Avenue  south,  and 
commenced  a  wholesale  and  retail  business,  em- 
ploying five  men.  Then-  goods  are  sold  m  Min- 
nesota, Wisconsin,  Iowa  and  Dakota. 

Harpman  and  Gronauer,  manufacturers  and 
wholesale  dealers  in  cigars,  etc.,  No.  39  Washing- 
ton Avenue  south,  employ  three  traveling  sales- 
men, doing  business  in  Minnesota,  Wisconsin, 
Iowa  and  Dakota.  The  business  was  first  started 
at  No.  114  Hennepin  Avenue,  by  Harpman  Bros., 
who  conducted  it  until  October,  1879,  when  J.  A. 
Gronauer  purchased  an  interest,  and  the  firm  be- 
came Harpman  and  Gronauer. 

George  F.  Warner,  undertaker  and  dealer  in 
furniture  and  upliolstery,  commenced  business 
in  1857,  and  is  the  oldest  established  furniture 
dealer  in  Minneapolis.  His  furniture  salesroom. 
No.  325  Nicollet  Avenue,  is  26x80  feet,  and  oc- 
cupies three  floors.  His  undertaking  warerooms 
at  No.  106  Washington  Avenue  south,  are 
22x100  feet,  and  occupy  two  floors.  Mr.  Warner 
has  three  line  hearses,  and  two  furniture  trucks, 
and  does  an  annual  business  of  about  ij  60,000. 

Wm.  Glessner  and  son,  furniture  dealers  and 
midertakers,  No.  211  Central  Avenue,  commenced 


manufacturing  fiuniture  in  1859,  and  continued 
until  1865,  when  they  retired  from  manufactm-- 
ing  and  entered  the  retail  business.  Their  an- 
nual business  amounts  to  about  115,000,  and  is 
done  in  a  two-story  building,  22x80  feet.  They 
employ  three  men. 

A.  H.  Edsten,  No.  303  Washington  Avenue 
south,  dealer  in  all  kinds  of  furniture,  occupies 
as  salesrooms,  two  floors  22x50  feet,  and  a  shop 
16x35  feet,  two  stories  higli.  He  commenced 
in  1871,  and  does  an  annual  business  of  about 
17,000. 

Phelps  &  Bradstreet,  dealers  in  furniture  and 
draperies,  at  Nos.  421  and  423  Nicollet  Avenue, 
organized  in  April,  1878,  They  occupy  one  floor, 
44x120,  and  three  floors  44x75,  doing  an  annual 
business  of  170,000  in  fine  furniture,  draperies 
and  artistic  house-furnishing.  They  make  the 
finest  display  of  draperies  and  fine  furniture  of 
any  house  west  of  Chicago.  All  their  finest  dra- 
peries and  decorations  being  made  to  order. 
The  business  is  rapidly  increasing. 


CHAPTER  LXVII. 


BANKS— BOARD  OF   TRADE  —  CLEARING   HOUSE 
— RAILROADS— INSURANCE  COMPANIES. 

The  records  of  the  past  twenty-seven  years, 
which  have  elapsed  since  the  first  bank  in  what 
is  now  Minneapolis,  came  into  existence,  show 
twenty-four  such  institutions,  only  ten  of  which 
are  still  in  existence.  Before  entering  the  field 
of  the  banks  of  to-day,  we  will  review  the  in- 
stitutions which  once  m  existence,  have  since 
wound  up  their  affairs.  The  history  begms  with 
Snyder  &  McFarlane,  bankers  and  Inokers.  who 
commenced  busmess  in  1854,  continuing  to  1858, 
about  four  years.  C.  II.  Pettit,  banker  and  brok- 
er, was  the  second,  commencing  in  the  fall  of 
1855,  continuing  to  1859.  Next,  Beede  &  Men- 
denhall,  bankers  and  brokers,  organized  April 
27th,  1856;  they  afterward  organized  the  State 
Bank  of  Mmnesota,  with  K.  J.  MeudenhaU,  pres- 


426 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


ident,  and  R.  J.  Baldwin,  cashier.  Dorman  & 
Pliinney,  bankers  and  brolcers,  commenced  busi- 
ness in  tlie  spring  of  18o7.  and  continued  till 
1861.  Grow  &  Phimiey  began  in  18.57.  continu- 
ing to  1862  as  bankers  and  brokers. 

R.  J.  Baldwin,  banker  and  broker,  commenced 
business  in  1857.  In  1862  he  organized  the  State 
Bank  with  R.  J.  Mendenhall,  president,  and  R. 
J.  Baldwin,  cashier.  The  State  National  Bank 
grew  out  of  the  State  Bank  of  Minnesota  and  con- 
tinued up  to  1876.  when  it  wound  up  business. 
The  Xational  Exchange  Bank  started  in  1867, 
with  HeniT  Miller,  president,  and  AV.  P.  West- 
fall,  cashier,  and  in  1875  closed  its  business. 
The  State  Savings  Association  was  organized  in 
1866  and  continued  business  to  1873.  The  Ex- 
change Savings  Bank  was  organized  in  1868  and 
in  1871,  it  closed  business.  The  National  Ex- 
change was  organized  in  1869  and  merged  into  the 
Merchants  National  of  Ilastmgs.  It  subsequent- 
ly moved  to  Minneapolis  and  changed  to  the 
Merchants  National  Bank,  but  February  1st,  1881, 
went  into  liquidation.  In  1873  the  Scandmavian 
Bank  came  to  the  surface  but  immediately  sank. 
Sparks  and  McPherson,  brokers,  opened  in  1870 
and  in  1875,  wound  up.  The  Lumbermen's  Bank 
commenced  business  in  1876  but  soon  after  closed 
up  its  afifah-s. 

EXISTIXC;  BAXKS. 

Ten  banks  are  now  doing  business  m  Minne- 
apolis, seven  of  which  represent  an  aggregate 
capital  of  S2.550,U0O:  the  remainuig  three  are 
private  bankers  and  brokers.  The  capital  of  com- 
panies of  the  first  class  varies  from  $1,000,000,  the 
capital  of  tlie  Security  to  ^50.000  of  the  City  Bank. 
To  facihtate  the  banking  business  of  the  city  a 
clearing  house  has  been  established,  where  the 
daUy  balances  of  the  banks  are  settled. 

The  Security  Bank.  This  staunch  and  vigor- 
ous uistitution  takes  prominent  place  among  the 
many  successful  business  enterprises  of  which 
Minneapolis  can  boast.  Laundiing  upon  the 
linancial  tide  January  2,  1878.  witli  a  cash  cai> 
ital  of  $300,000,  its  admirable  management  so 
developed  its  business  that  eaily  in  1879.  ^100,- 
000  more  stock  was  added,  and  hi  February, 
1880,  the  fiu-ther  addition  of  |600,000  brought 
its  capital  up  to  $1,000,000.  all  of  which  was 
promptly  paid  in,  and  of  the  entire  stock  all  but 
929,200  is  owned  by  residents  of  MinneapoUs. 


The  Bank  building  is  situated  on  Hennepin 
Avenue,  corner  of  Third  street,  and  is  one  of  the 
finest  buildings  in  the  city.  The  officers  of  the 
bank  are :  President — T.  A.  HaiTison ;  Vice 
President — H.  G.  Hamson;  Cashier — J.  Dean; 
Assistant  Cashier — A.  J.  Dean;  Directors — T. 
A.  Harrison,  H.  G.  Harrison.  J.  Dean.  Hon. 
C.  E.  Vanderburgh,  Franklin  Beebe,  W.  W. 
McNair,  J.  M.  Shaw.  C.  C.  "Washburn  and 
Franklin  Steele. 

First  National  Bank.  The  history  of  this  bank 
is  one  of  general  interest,  and  deser^■es  more 
than  a  passing  notice.  Its  existence  dates  from 
October.  1857.whena  local  bank  was  opened  imder 
the  firm  name  of  Sidle,  Wolford  and  Company, 
imder  which  title  they  enjoyed  a  flattering  degree 
of  prosperit\  for  three  years.  ^\hen  they  organ- 
ized a  Bank  of  Issue  under  the  state  law,  as  the 
Bank  of  Minneapolis.  Under  this  title  they  did 
a  prosperous  business  imtil  1864.  when  the  system 
of  national  banks  was  mstituted  and  the  name 
was  again  changed  to  the  Fu-st  National  Bank 
of  MinneapoUs.  The  financial  history  of  the 
bank  is  one  of  steady,  solid  giowth.  Its  reverses 
have  been  few,  while  its  prosperity  has  been  aU 
its  founders  could  wish.  Beginnmg  with  a  cash 
capital  of  $-50,000,  it  soon  rose  to  $200,000  by 
the  accumulation  of  undivided  profits,  after  pay- 
ing a  regular  dividend  of  twenty-four  per  cent, 
to  its  stock-holders.  .January  1,  1879,  $400,000 
was  subscribed  and  paid  in.  making  a  cash  cap- 
ital of  $600,000,  mostly  owned  by  residents  of 
ilinneapoUs.  Its  stock  has  always  been  far 
above  par,  and  is  eagerly  sought  to-day  at  125 
per  cent.  The  elegant  bank  building  is  situated 
on  the  corner  of  Nicollet  and  Wasliington  Ave- 
nues, and  is  a  credit  to  the  city. 

Northwestern  National  Bank.  This  institution 
was  founded  in  1872,  with  a  paid  up  cajntal  of 
$200,000,  and  started  on  a  career  of  prosperity 
equalled  by  few,  if  any,  of  the  banking  uistitu- 
tions  of  the  northwest.  At  the  time  of  the  or- 
ganization, D.  ^lorrison  was  elected  president, 
and  S.  E.  NeUer  cashier;  and  in  1875,  Mr.  II.  T. 
"Welles  was  elected  president,  m  the  place  of  D. 
Morrison,  whose  term  had  expired.  In  1876.  an 
addition  of  $300,000  was  made  to  the  original 
stock,  making  the  capital  stock  a  half  million  dol- 
lars. In  the  fall  of  1879,  owing  to  the  defalca- 
tion of  the  assistant  cashier,  a  loss  of  $127,000 


EXISTING  BANKS. 


427 


was  sustained,  but  on  account  of  the  flourishing 
condition  of  the  bank,  the  loss  had  been  made 
good  before  January  1st,  1880,  by  the  subscription 
of  1100,000  from  tlie  stockholders,  and  $27,000 
earnings  of  the  bank.  July  1st,  18S0,the  surplus 
earnings  amounted  to  124,000.  This  institution 
is  considered  one  of  the  solid  establishments  of 
the  city,  and  their  elegant  and  substantial  build- 
ing, erected  in  1872-3,  located  at  the  corner  of 
Washington  and  First  Avenues  south,  is  looked 
upon  with  pride  by  the  citzens  of  ]SIiinieapolis. 
The  present  otticers  of  the  bank  are  as  follows  : 
H.  T.  Welles,  president ;  S.  A.  Harris,  cashier ; 
W.  E.  Burwell,  assistant  cashier. 

The  City  Bank.  The  organization  of  tliis 
institution  dates  from  1869,  when  a  private  bank 
with  a  capital  of  $50,000  was  established.  J.  W. 
Pence,  president,  and  T.  J.  Buxton,  casliier.  Oc- 
tober 10th,  1872,  it  was  reorganized  as  a  stock 
bank,  with  a  capital  of  $150,000,  which  was  in- 
creased the  follo\%ing  year  to  1200,000.  The  offi- 
cers were  J.  W.  Pence,  president;  T.  F.  Thomp- 
son, vice-president;  T.  J.  Buxton,  cashier.  Janu- 
ary, 1874,  Mr.  Harrison  succeeded  Mr.  Thompson 
to  the  office  of  vice-president,  and  in  1878  he  was 
succeeded  by  John  Watson.  The  officers  at 
present  are:  J.  W.  Johnson,  president;  John 
Watson,  vice-president;  T.  J.  Buxton,  cashier,  and 
Charles  McC.  Eeeve,  assistant  cashier.  The  bank 
has  had  a  prosperous  career  from  the  outset  and 
from  its  organization  as  a  stock  bank  has  declared 
large  dividends,  without  the  omission  of  a  single 
year.  As  evidence  of  the  increase  of  business,  the 
bank  handled  in  1872,  15,108,000,  and  in  1880, 
only  eight  years  later,  this  sum  was  increased  to 
135,374,000,  actual  cash  transactions.  The  bank 
is  located  corner  of  Hennepin  Avenue  and  Second 
street. 

The  Hennepin  County  Savings  Bank.  This 
institution  first  opened  its  doors  to  the  public 
September  1st,  1870,  and  is  therefore  just  enter- 
ing upon  its  second  decade  of  remarkable  pros- 
perity and  usefulness.  Its  founders  and  first 
Board  of  Trustees  were  the  following  well  known 
gentlemen :  E.  S.  Jones,  J.  E.  Bell,  S.  A.  Harris, 
D.  C.  Bell  and  J.  H.  Clark.  Its  first  coi-ps  of  of- 
ficers from  their  number  as  follows,  viz. :  E.  S. 
Jones,  president ;  J.  II.  Clark,  vice-president; 
J.  E.  Bell,  cashier.  In  1873,  Mr.  D.  C.  Bell  was 
elected   vice-president    in  place   of  Mr.    J.  H. 


Clark,  deceased — during  the  same  year  Mr.  S.  A. 
Harris  was  chosen  to  the  newly  created  position 
of  assistant  cashier.  Such  comprised  the  man- 
agement until  September,  1879,  when  ilr.  Harris 
resigned  his  position  to  accept  tlie  more  respon- 
sible one  of  cashier  of  the  North- Western  Nati- 
onal Bank  of  this  city.  Mr.  W.  H.  Lee  for  many 
years,  the  bank's  efficient  teller,  succeeded  Mr. 
Harris  as  assistant  cashier.  The  present  board 
of  trustees  is  the  same  as  the  original  board, 
with  the  exception  of  Hon.  George  A.  Pillsbury 
in  place  of  J.  H.  Clark,  deceased.  The  present 
officers  are — E.  S.  Jones,  president;  D.  C.  Bell, 
vice-president;  J.  E.  Bell,  cashier;  W.  H.  Lee, 
assistant  cashier.  Tlie  high  esteem  and  confi- 
dence in  which  this  institution  is  held  by  the  pub- 
lic, is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  it  ranks  to-day, 
tlie  foremost  institution  of  its  kind  in  the  state. 
In  one  decade  its  deposits  have  reached  the  hand- 
some aggregate  of  over  $400,000,  representing 
2,000  and  more  open  accounts,  and  the  rate  of  in- 
crease in  the  total  of  deposits  has  never  been 
greater  than  at  the  opening  of  this  second  decade. 

Farmer's  and  Mechanic's  Savings  Bank  of 
Minneapolis.  This  institution  was  organized 
September  10th,  1874,  with  a  capital  stock  of 
$50,000.  Officers:  A.  D.Mulford,  president;  C. 
Morrison,  vice-president;  and  E.  H.  Moulton, 
treasurer.  May  loth,  1875,  Dr.  Levi  Butler  was 
made  president,  the  otlier  oflicers  remaining  the 
same.  Dr.  Butler  died,  and  Winthrop  Young 
was  elected  president  June  10th,  1878,  and  has 
held  the  oftice  since.  Tlie  legislature  of  1879 
passed  a  law  making  all  savings  banks  mutual, 
and  in  January,  1880,  this  plan  was  adopted. 
This  is  the  only  mutual  savings  bank  in  the  state, 
the  depositors  receiving  the  benefit  and  sharing 
in  the  earnings  of  the  institution.  As  evidence 
of  the  confidence  of  the  public,  the  deposits  in- 
creased to  more  than  double  after  the  adoption  of 
the  mutual  plan,  being  for  the  year  1879,  $186,- 
200,  and  in  1880,  from  January  1st  to  August 
1st,  $292,000. 

The  Citizens"  Bank  was  organized  November 
1st,  1876,  with  a  capital  of  150,000.  The  bank 
is  located  corner  of  Washington  Avenue  and 
Fifth  Avenue  south,  where  it  has  had  a  pros- 
perous business  since  tlie  inauguration  of  tlie 
enterprise.  The  officers  are:  N.  F.  Griswold, 
president;  Joseph  H.  Clark,  vice-president,  and 


428 


HISTOEY  OF  HENXEPIia  COUNTY. 


George  B.  Shepherd,  cashier.    The  greater  part 
of  the  stock  is  held  by  citizens  of  Minneapolis. 

PKIVATE  BAXKIXG    INSTITUTIONS. 

The  Bank  of  :Minneapolis  was  established  in 
1867.  by  Thomas  ^y.  AVilson  and  Erastus  Byers. 
and  is  the  only  bank  in  iMinneapolis  that  has 
conducted  business  since  1867,  without  change 
in  name  or  management.  The  bank  flret  occu- 
pied a  room  m  the  old  post-office  building,  with 
ill-.  AVilson,  president,  and  Mr.  Byers,  cashier. 
They  subsequently  moved  to  the  XicoUet  House 
block,  their  present  location.  The  death  of  Mr. 
Byers  in  -June,  1880,  caused  no  change  in  the 
management,  suice  Mrs.  Byers  retains  the  inter- 
est held  by  her  late  husband,  Mr.  Wilson  di- 
recting affaire  as  before.  A  general  banking  and 
collection  business  is  transacted. 

Y.  G.  Hush.  This  bank  was  established  by  Y. 
G.  Hush  in  1878.  located  in  the  Pence  block,  cor- 
ner of  XicoUet  Avenue  and  Second  street.  Mr. 
Hush  was  interested  in  the  Citj-  Bank  at  its  es- 
tablishment and  when  that  was  made  a  stock 
bank,  withdrew  and  fninided  a  private  bank.  He 
transacts  a  general  banking  business  and  deals  in 
commercial  paper,  being  one  of  the  largest  dealers 
in  the  state.  Mr.  Hush  has  been  a  resident  of 
Mumeapolis  fomteen  yeare,  eleven  of  which  he 
has  passed  in  banking.  The  business  has  been 
successful  from  the  start,  and  for  the  past  year  or 
two  has  doubled  each  year.  ilr.  A.  B.  Hush 
occupies  the  position  of  cashier  in  this  bank. 

The  Commercial  Bank  was  estabUshed  in 
February,  1880,  and  although  its  experience 
has  been  short,  enjoys  a  llattering  degree  of 
prosperity,  occupying  the  bank  building  on  the 
East  Side,  corner  of  Central  Avenue  and  Main, 
street.  Davison  and  Dean,  the  proprietor,  have 
had  a  long  experience  in  banking.  Eobert  A. 
Davison  was  with  the  First  National  Bank.  Cedar 
Kapids,  Iowa,  from  the  time  of  its  organization. 
John  Dean,  a  native  of  this  city,  has  been  favora- 
bly known  in  connection  with  the  Security  Bank 
from  the  date  of  its  organization  imtil  he  became 
identified  with  the  "Commercial."  They  do  a 
general  banking  business,  paying  special  atten- 
tion to  loans  on  city  and  farm  property  and  in- 
vestment securities.  This  is  the  only  bank  on 
the  East  Side  and  enjoys  the  confidence  of  all  the 
business  men  of  that  portion  of  the  city. 


Minneapolis  Clearing  House.  The  Mumeapolis 
Clearing  House  was  organized  Januarj-  1st,  1881, 
and  has  its  place  of  business  in  the  basement  of 
the  Security  Bank  building.  Though  recently  es- 
tablished, its  operation  has  proved  valuable  and 
satisfactory  to  the  banks  concerned.  All  banks 
in  the  city,  excepting  the  First  National,  belong 
to  its  membership.  The  officers  are  :  president, 
J.  Dean,  cashier  of  the  Seciu-ity  Bank :  manager, 
W.  E.  Burwell,  assistant  cashier  of  the  North- 
western National  Bank;  direetore,  J.M.Will- 
iams, cashier  of  Merchants  National  bank.  Chas. 
McC.  Eeeve,  assistant  cashier  of  City  Bank,  T. 
W.  Wilson,  president  of  Bank  of  ilimieapoUs, 
G.  B.  Shepherd,  cashier  of  Citizens  Bank,  Y.  G. 
Hush,  private  banker.  Meetings  are  subject  to 
call  of  the  manager. 

THE  BOARD  OF  TRADE  OF  JIIXNEAPOLIS. 

The  Board  of  Trade  of  the  city  of  MimieapoUs 
was  organized  by  W.  D.  Washbiun.  H.  T.  Welles, 
Eichard  Chute.  John  Potts  Browii.  A.  B.  Barton, 
J.  S.  Walker,  E.  W.  Ilerrick,  Jacob  Stone  Jr., 
and  W.  W.  McNair,  who  associated  themselves 
together  October  30th,  1872,  as  a  body  corporate 
under  the  above  name.  ■•  Tlie  purpose  of  the  as- 
sociation is  to  facilitate  and  promote  the  commer- 
cial, mercantile,  and  manufacturing  interests  of 
the  city  of  !MirmeapoUs ;  to  encourage  just  and 
equitable  principles  of  trade,  and  uniformity  in 
the  commercial  usages  of  the  city ;  to  acquire, 
presence  and  disseminate  valuable  business  in- 
formation :  to  adjust  controversies  and  misunder- 
standings that  may  occur  between  parties  en- 
gaged in  ti-ade,  and  to  advance  the  general  pros- 
perity of  the  city  of  Minneapolis."  The  first  an- 
nual report  of  the  association  was  made  in  1876, 
since  which  time  a  daily  record  of  business  has 
been  kept.  The  present  officers  are  :  George  A. 
Pillsbury,  president ;  Samuel  C.  Gale,  vice-presi- 
dent ;  F.  W.  Brook,  second  vice-president ;  C.  C. 
Sturtevant,  secretarj' ;  Yalentine  G.  Hush,  treas- 
urer; N.  W.  Yei"xa,  grain  inspector. 

RAILROADS. 

From  the  arrival  of  the  "  Anthony  Wayne.'' 
the  fii-st  steamboat  at  the  falls,  April  13th,  1S50, 
with  Gov.  Alexander  Eamsey  and  other  distin- 
guished pereons  on  board,  to  the  present  time,  the 
"Common  Carrier""  by  land  and  water  has  been 
intimately  associated  with  every  step  in  the  prog- 


EAILROADS. 


429 


ress  of  this  city.  Steamboats  and  stages  carried 
the  mails,  merchandise  and  limited  products  of 
the  pioneer.  These  were  looked  upon  with  par- 
donable pride  as  a  great  advance  from  the  days 
of  the  uncertain  voyageur,  or  the  half-breed 
courier,  pursuing  his  course  througli  the  trackless 
forests. 

Tlie  first  Minnesota  railroad,  opened  fortraffic, 
was  the  St.  Paul  and  Pacific,  June  28th,  1862,  on 
the  line  commenced  by  the  Minnesota  and  Paci- 
fic Railroad  Company,  which  was  chartered  May 
22d,  1857,  as  a  land  grant  road.  This  road  was 
only  ten  miles  in  length,  extending  from  St.  Paul 
to  St.  Anthony,  and  had  its  terminus  and  depot 
near  the  foot  of  Central  Avenue,  rujining  thence 
along  the  river  bank,  and  striking  the  present 
line  near  the  University.  Upon  the  completion 
of  the  proposed  union  depot  and  iron  railroad 
bridge,  much  of  this  ground  will  be  again  devot- 
ed to  railroad  use. 

The  branch  line  was  completed  to  Anoka, 
January,  1864,  and  in  the  fall  of  1867,  to  Sauk 
Rapids.  In  the  winter  of  1866  and  1867,  a  bridge 
was  built  and  a  depot  located  on  the  west  side. 
Cars  by  this  line  were  run  into  Minneapolis  the 
latter  part  of  March,  following,  and  to  Wayzata 
the  same  year.  December  31st,  1868,  the  road  was 
completed  to  Howard  Lake.  E.  F.  Drake  was 
contractor  for  the  first  ten  miles,  and  Edmund 
Rice  was  president  at  that  time.  J.  P.  Farley 
operated  the  road  for  some  years,  as  general  man- 
ager and  receiver. 

The  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Manitoba  Rail- 
way Company,  organized  in  1879,  with  George 
Stephen,  president;  R.  B.  Angus,  vice-president; 
and  J.  J.  Hill,  general  manager,  now  owns  and 
operates  these  and  other  roads.  A  branch  to 
Osseo  is  in  process  of  construction. 

The  next  road,  in  point  of  time,  operated  from 
Minneapolis,  was  that  now  known  as  the  Iowa 
and  Mimiesota  Division  of  the  Chicago,  Milwau- 
kee and  St.  Paul,  the  first  record  of  which  is  a 
charter,  dated  March  1st,  1856,  to  the  JNIinneapo- 
lis  and  Cedar  Valley  Railroad  Company,  organ- 
ized October  9, 1860.  Name  changed  March  6, 
1863,  to  Minnesota  Central  Railroad  Company. 
This  company  built  and  operated  the  road  and  re- 
ceived the  land  grant.  August  5th,  1867,  the 
main  pai't  of  the  Ime  was  transferred  to  the 
Milwaukee    and  St.    Paul    Railroad   Company 


and  on  February  loth,  the  eleven  miles  south  of 
Austin  was  sold  to  the  .same  corporation.  By  the 
terms  of  the  sale,  the  Minnesota  Central  Com- 
pany continue  to  own  the  lands  granted  to  aid  in 
constructing  the  road.  All  Cliicago,  Milwaukee 
and  St.  Paul  trains  to  St.  Paul  and  Chicago,  were 
formerly  run  over  this  road  as  far  as  JSIendota  but 
during  the  year  1880,  a  double  track  short  line 
to  St.  Paul  was  constructed.  This  road  crosses 
the  Mississippi  at  Meeker's  Island,  three  miles 
below  the  falls,  on  a  magnificent  iron  bridge,  and 
was  opened  for  passenger  trafiic  from  September 
6th  to  the  nth,  and  November  20th  it  was  per- 
manently opened  for  busmess.  The  same  year  a 
"cut-off,"  extending  thirty  miles  south-west,  to 
connect  with  the  Hastings  and  Dakota  Railroad, 
was  built.  Extensive  shops,  employing  four 
hundred  men,  and  round-house,  ai'e  located  at 
South  Minneapolis.  The  Chicago,  ^Milwaukee 
and  St.  Paul  Company  generally  own  and  run 
their  own  sleeping  cars.  The  express  business  is 
done  by  the  American  and  United  States  express 
companies,  but  no  concessions  are  made  to  fast 
freight  lines. 

The  Jilinneapolis  and  St.  Louis  Railway  origi- 
nated in  a  charter  l)y  the  legislature  of  the  Terri- 
tory of  ilinnesota  INIarch  3d,  1853,  as  the  Jilinne- 
sota  Western  Railroad  Company,  to  build  from 
some  point  on  the  St.  Croix  river  to  St.  Paul  and 
St.  Anthony,  thence  across  the  Mississippi  river 
to  the  western  boundary  of  the  state.  The  name 
of  the  corporation  was  changed  by  vote  of  the 
board  of  directors.  May  27th,  1870,  to  the  Min- 
neapolis and  St.  Louis  Railway  Company,  and  in 
1871 ,  twenty-seven  miles  were  finished  to  iSIerriam 
Jmiction.  The  road  was  completed  to  Albert 
Lea,  108  miles  November,  1877.  This  company 
never  had  any  land  grant,  but  recieved  $250,000 
in  bonds  from  the  city  of  Minneapolis.  They  have 
a  permament  lease  of  the  Minneapolis  and  Duluth 
Railroad,  and  a  lease  for  use  of  track  from  the  St. 
Paul  and  Duluth  Company.  The  general  ofiices 
and  shops  are  located  at  Minneapolis.  Work  was 
commenced  on  the  Minneapolis  and  Duluth  Road 
April,  1S71,  and  August  15th  it  was  opened  for 
traffic. 

The  Northern  I'acilic  Railroad  Company,  char- 
tered by  congress  July  2d,  1864,  re-organized 
September  29th,  1875,  have  no  road  to  this  place, 
but  run  their  trams  and  do  a  regular  business  in 


430 


BISTORT  OF  HEKXEPIN  COUNTY. 


connection  isith  their  main  line  by  a  lease  for 
ninety-nine  years  of  the  Western  Eaihoad  of 
Minnesota,  60.5  miles,  and  a  permanent  contract 
with  the  St.  Paul,  JImneapolis  and  Manitoba 
Company  for  the  use  of  tlieir  track  from  St.  Paul 
to  Sauk  Eapids,  75.5  mUes,  paying  for  this  privi- 
lege |!40,000  per  aimum,  and  a  portion  of  expen- 
ses. The  Korthem  Pacific  Company  do  their 
ovn  express  and  sleeping-car  business. 

The  Chicago,  St.  Paul.  Minneapolis  and  Oma- 
ha Company  have  a  freight  depot  and  extensive 
yards  at  the  foot  of  Fourth  Avenue  north,  re- 
cei%"ing  and  sending  cars  over  the  ^Manitoba  line. 
ha\ing  no  road  in  Hennepin  county. 

The  Minneapolis  and  Eastern  Railroad  was  in- 
corporated June,  1878,  and  completed  in  the 
spring  of  1879.  It  is  used  jointly  by  the  Chicago. 
Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  and  Chicago,  St.  Paul, 
Minneapolis  and  Omaha  companies  for  switching 
and  running  cars  to  and  from  the  miUs.  Cost, 
1175,000,  for  about  two  miles  of  track. 

The  Lyndale  Railway  Company  was  organ- 
ized as  a  stock  company  under  the  general 
laws  of  the  state,  the  object  being  the  construc- 
tion and  management  of  a  suburban  excursion 
line.  The  company  was  incorporated  in  June. 
1878,  with  a  capital  stock  of  one  hundred 
thousand  dollars.  They  seciu-ed  the  right  of 
way.  and  May  19th,  1879,  commenced  the  con- 
struction of  the  line.  June  26th,  a  little  more 
than  one  month  after  the  commencement  of  op- 
erations, trains  were  running  regularly  to  Lake 
Calhoun,  a  distance  of  four  miles  from  the  term- 
inus in  ^linneapolis.  During  the  first  year,  over 
three  hundred  thousand  people  were  carried  over 
this  line,  and  in  1880  the  number  reached  three 
hundred  and  seventy-five  thousand.  June,  1880, 
the  line  was  extended  to  Lake  Harriet.  The 
same  company  nm  a  steamer  on  Lake  Calhoun  in 
connection  with  the  L>7idale  line.  The  line  is 
equipped  with  six  passenger  cars,  three  flat  cars, 
and  two  motors,  operating  four  and  a  half  mUes 
of  road,  all  cars  being  furnished  with  the  Eames 
vacuum  brake.  At  Lake  Calhoun  are  sheds  for 
the  cars  and  motors  wlien  not  in  use,  also  cottages 
for  the  employees  and  their  families.  Trains 
start  from  the  terminus,  comer  of  Hennepin  Av- 
enue and  First  street,  and  from  tlie  corner  of 
Washington  and  First  Avenues  south,makingtrips 
regularly  every  hour  and  a  half.    Business  ofiBees 


of  the  company  are  located  over  the  Xorthwestem 
National  Bank.  So  great  is  the  care  taken  in  the 
management  of  the  road,  that  there  has  never 
been  an  accident.  Property  along  the  whole  line 
has  greatly  advanced  in  value,  and  no  streets  in 
the  city  show  more  new  buildings  than  those 
which  the  Lyndale  road  follows.  The  Mimiea- 
polis  and  Lake  Park  Railway  is  projected,  and 
will  be  in  operation  August  1st,  1881.  This  line 
extends  from  Minneapolis  to  Excelsior  and  Lake 
Park,  and  wiU  be  operated  in  connection  with  the 
Lyndale  road.  The  officers  of  the  road  are  as 
follows:  C.  W.  MeCrory.  president:  R.  S.  Innes, 
secretary ;  S.  E.  Xeiler,  treasurer. 

The  Minneapolis  Street  Railway  was  incorpo- 
ated  June  24th,  1873;  incorporators,  D.  Morri- 
son, E.  J.  Mendenhall.  W.  W.  Eastman.  W.  D. 
Washburn,  W.  P.  WestfaU,  R.  B.  Langdon, 
William  S.  King,  J.  C.  Oswald.  W.  W.  Mc- 
Xair,  Paris  Gibson.  September  2d,  1875, 
the  road  was  opened  for  travel  and  the 
first  car  started.  The  first  officers  were  PhUo 
Osgood,  president:  Thomas  Lo\^Ty,  vice-presi- 
dent; William  S.  King,  secretary;  James  Tucker- 
man,  treasurer  and  superintendent.  The  com- 
pany have  at  present  eleven  and  a  half  miles  of 
track,  twenty-one  cars  and  loO  horses,  giving  em- 
ployment to  about  one  hundred  men.    Plans  are 

I  made  for  about  eleven  miles  of  additional  track, 
with  corresponding  increase  of  cars  and  horses, 
during  the  coming  season.     The  present  officers 

;  of  the  company  are  Thomas  Lowry,  president; 
Clinton  Morrison,  vice-president;  C.  G.  Goodrich 
Jr.,  secretary;  W.  W.  Ilerrick,  treasurer;  D.  At- 
wood,  superintendent. 

INSUEA3SrCE  COJIPAXIES. 

The  Minnesota  Farmers  Mutual  Fire  Insurance 
Association.  The  incorporators  of  this  associa- 
tion were.  J.  P.  Plummer.  R.  J.  ^Mendenhall.  A. 
Chambei-s,  E.  W.  Grindall.  J.  A.  Coleman.  II.  H. 
Smith  and  W.  W.  Woodward.  The  organization 
was  perfected  July  15th,  1865,  and  incorporated 
under  the  laws  of  the  state.  The  present  assets 
amount  to  8151.188.61:  receipts  for  1880.  S38,- 
110.36;  expenses  |29,235.13;  liabilities  $15,310.39. 
This  is  exclusively  a  farmers  insurance  company, 
and  its  officers  and  members  are  scattered 
throughout  the  state.  Officers:  J.Q.  Farmer,  presi- 
i  dent;  Ole  Peterson,  vice-president;  W.  A.  Xim- 


INSUBANCE  COMPANIES. 


431 


ocks;  secretary;  C.  A.  Nimocks,  deputy  secretary; 
C.  McC.  Reeve,  treasurer. 

Millers  and  Manufacturers  Mutual  Fire  Insur- 
ance Company  of  Minneapolis.  This  company 
was  organized  and  incorporated  under  the  laws 
of  the  state  in  Febuary,  1881,  with  the  following 
officers  :  E.  V.  White,  president;  H.  M.  Carpen- 
ter, vice-president;  V.  G.  Hush,  treasurer;  C.  B. 
Shove,  secretary;  directors  :  E.  V.  White,  H.  M. 
Carpenter,  James  A.  Lovejoy,  D.  M.  Gilmore,  E. 
R.  Barber,  C.  J.  Martin,  B.  P.  Russell,  Charles 
E.  Holt,  V.  G.  Hush,  C.  B.  Shove,  D.  M.  Sabin, 
W.  P.  Brown,  George  W.  Newell,  John  T.  Ames, 
H.  G.  Page. 

The  Masonic  Mutual  Aid  Association.  Tliis 
association  was  incorporated  June  16th,  1877,  and 
the  following  were  its  officers:  J.  II.  Thomp- 
son, president ;  Charles  Reeve,  treasurer  ;  E.  A. 
Gove,  secretary;  A.  II.  Salisbury,  M.  D.,  medical 
director.  The  purpose  is  to  provide  for  the  pay- 
ment of  a  sum  of  money  to  the  widow,  children 
mother  or  assigns  of  deceased  members.  The  sum 
paid  is  levied  on  the  sm-viving  members  in  accord- 
ance with  by-laws,  which  distribute  the  amounts 
to  be  raised  equitably  among  the  surviving  mem- 
bers. The  present  officers  of  the  company  are:  J. 
H.  Thompson,  president ;  D.  il.  Goodwin,  vice- 
president  ;  Charles  Reeve,  treasurer ;  E.  McDer- 
mott,  secretary;  A.  II.  Salisbury,  medical  ex- 
aminer. 

Firemen's  Life  Association  of  the  State  of 
Minnesota.  This  institution  was  organized  and 
incorporated  February  2d,  1876,  for  the  purpose 
of  furnishing  life  insurance  to  the  members  of  fire 
departments  throughout  the  state  of  Minnesota, 
and  is  a  mutual  benefit  association.  The  board 
of  directors  consists  of  one  for  every  twenty  mem- 
bers. The  election  of  officers  occurs  annually. 
The  board  meets  at  their  office,  comer  of  Second 
street  and  Third  Avenue  north,  on  the  second 
Tuesday  in  each  month.  Officers:  R.  O.  Strong, 
president;  W.  M.  Brackett,  secretary;  Frank 
Brewer,  treasurer. 

The  Widows'  and  Orphans'  Protective  Associa- 
tion. This  association  was  organized  November 
16th,  1879,  and  incorporated  under  the  general 
laws  of  the  state.  The  purpose  of  the  association 
is  indicated  by  its  name  and  it  conducts  its  busi- 
ness in  accordance  with  mutual  principles,  mak- 
ing assessments,  upon  the  death  of  members,  in 


accordance  with  the  terms  of  certificates  issued. 
The  membership  is  rapidly  increasing;  no  deaths 
among  its  members  have  yet  occurred.  Officers: 
C.  A.  Pillsbury,  president;  O.  C.  Merriman,  vice- 
president;  E.  McDermott,  secretary;  Charles 
Reeve,  treasurer;  A.  H.  Salsibury,  M.  D.,  medi- 
cal director ;  P.  M.  Babcock.  attorney. 

The  North-western  Relief  Association.  The 
first  meeting  for  the  organization  of  the  North- 
western Relief  Association  was  held  April  28th, 
188(1,  when  articles  of  association  were  approved. 
April  30th,  following,  the  organization  was  per- 
fected and  incorporated  under  the  general  laws 
of  the  state  of  ^Minnesota.  The  affairs  of  the 
association  are  under  the  control  of  a  board  of 
nine  directors.  The  objects  of  the  association 
are  mutual  aid  to  families  of  deceased  mem- 
bers and  mutual  aid  to  members  in  physical  dis- 
ti'ess,  furnishing  insurance  at  as  near  actual  cost 
as  possible.  The  officers  at  present  are:  C.  M. 
Loring,  president;  A.  C.  Rand,  vice  president; 
R.  W.  Laing,  secretary;  C.  McC.  Reeve,  treas- 
urer; L.  Loring,  acting  manager;  W.  D.  Law- 
rence, medical  director. 


CHAPTER  LXVIII. 

TELEGRAPH     AND     TELEPHONE     COMPANIES 

LOAN  ASSOCIATIONS — MILITARY  COMPANIES 
— AGRICULTURAL  SOCIETY— MEDICAL  SOCIE- 
TIES— ATHENAEUM. 

When  the  North-western  Telegraph  Company 
first  projected  its  lines  to  Minneapolis,  it  opened 
its  oflice  in  St.  Anthony,  and  afterward  in  a  room 
over  R.  J.  Baldwin's  bank  on  bridge  Square.  In 
February,  1866,  L.  C.  Robertson  took  charge  of 
the  business,  in  Dayton's  block,  now  St.  James 
hotel,  in  a  room  also  occupied  by  the  Minnesota 
Central  Railway  Company.  At  this  time  the 
company  seriously  contemplated  closing  the  oflice 
as  unprofitable,  the  monthly  receipts  being  only 
$140.  The  commercial  and  railroad  business 
was  transacted  over  one  line,  in  one  office,  and 
required  but  one    operator,  and  uo  messenger 


432 


HISTORY  OF  BEXXEPIN  COUNTY. 


boys.  Tlie  line  extended  from  St.  Paid  to  Fari- 
bault, via  :Minneapolis.  Wlien  the  Minnesota 
Central  Railway  built  their  depot  in  1868.  they 
provided  rooms  for  general  offices,  and  the  rail- 
road and  commercial  telegraph  business  were 
separated,  the  latter  going  into  the  Warner  block, 
opposite  the  Xicollet.  and  thence  into  the  city  hall 
building,  where  it  now  remains.  Here  are  em- 
ployed eleven  operators,  two  chiefs  and  the  man- 
ager. The  company's  lines  extend  all  over  the 
north-west,  and  the  receipts  of  this  office  for  one 
month  in  1880,  were  S-1,700. 

Telephones  were  first  mtroduced  in  this  state 
m  1877,  by  E.  H.  Hankinson,  who  had  been  ap- 
pointed exclusive  agent  of  the  Bell  Telephone 
Company  for  Minnesota  and  Dakota.  The  first 
line  built  was  that  of  the  :Monitor  Plow  Works, 
connecting  the  factory  and  offices.  In  December, 
1878,  Mr.  Hankinson  organized  the  Northwestern 
Telephone  Exchange  Company,  which  immedi- 
ately established  the  exchange  at  Minneapolis  and 
St.  Paul,  and  opened  in  March  following  witli 
fifty-three  subscribers  in  Minneapolis  and  thirty- 
seven  in  St.  Paul.  The  first  oflicers  elected  were: 
John  Watson,  president ;  R.  11.  Hankinson,  -sice- 
president  and  general  manager :  F.  B.  JOson.  sec- 
retary ;  L.  M.  Towne,  treasurer.  The  present 
officers  are  :  H.  ^I.  Carpenter,  president :  John 
Watson,  vice-president  and  general  manager ;  F. 
B.  Jilson,  secretary  ;  C.  H.  Prior,  treasurer ;  L. 
M.  To^Tie,  auditor.  During  1880,  exchanges 
were  estiiblished  in  Stillwater,  Winona  and  Du- 
lutli,  and  others  will  be  started  during  the  pres- 
ent season.  The  nimiber  of  subscribers  in  Min- 
neapolis at  present  is  five  hundred  and  fifty,  and 
in  Hennepin  county  1 ,000  instruments  are  in  use. 
In  Minnesota  and  Dakota  2,200  are  used,  and  the 
number  is  constantly  increasing. 

Hennepin  County  Catholic  Building  and  Loan 
Association,  Umited  to  twenty  years,  was  incor- 
porated August  18th,  1874,  The  object  is  to  ac- 
cumulate a  finid  from  the  savings  of  its  members 
with  which  to  purchase  real  estate,  build  residen- 
ces, and  invest  in  'such  other  channels  as  may  be 
deemed  advisable.  The  fii-st  issue  of  stock  was 
limited  to  1,-500  shares,  payalile  in  monthly  in- 
stallments of  $1.05;  this  number  has  been 
increased  to  2.206.  The  original  officer's  were: 
president,  Matthew  Walsh;  secretary,  D,  L, 
Toner;  treasmer,  J.  F.  O'XeiD;  managers  for  a 


term  of  five  years,  M.  W.  Glenn,  B.  McElroy 
and  P.  J.  Callaghan;  for  two  years,  John  Fewer, 
M.  Kennedy  and  M.  W..  Nash:  for  one  year.  M. 
Hoy,  Stephen  Cody  and  W\  E.  Nannary.  Meet- 
ings began  August  20th,  1874,  and  are  held  on 
the  first  Thursday  after  the  l-5th  day  of  each 
moiith,  until  every  share  shall  end  and  be  deter- 
mined. The  present  officers  are:  M.  Walsh, 
president;  John  McGovem,  first  vice-president; 
John  Fewer,  second  vice-president;  Peter  Mc- 
Cormick.  secretary;  J.  C.  Scallon,  assistant  secre- 
tary, Wm.  McMullen,  treasurer;  managers,  first 
section,  M.  W.  Nash,  John  Fewer  and  John 
Hayes;  second  section.  ^lichael  ilore.  James 
CuUen  and  J.  C.  Scallon;  third  section,  J.  P. 
Courtney,  B.  Monso  and  Thomas  Mulcaley;  stew- 
ards, J.  Lahly.  James  Sweeny  and  John  McEl- 
roy; attorney,  J,  T,  Burns. 

Mechanics"  and  Workingmen"s  Loan  and  Build- 
ing Association,  organized  September  7th,  1874. 
The  price  per  share  of  the  stock  is  $200,  and  when 
it  started  five  hundred  were  immediately  taken. 
In  February  the  number  of  shares  taken  was  1,- 
250.  The  association  now  issues  semi-annual  series 
of  shares,  in  March  and  September.  This  corpora- 
tion has  for  its  object  the  investment  in  lands 
and  residences,  of  the  savings  of  its  members, 
ileetings  are  held  the  second  Tuesday  of  each 
month,  in  the  board  of  ti-ade  rooms  in  the  city 
liall.  The  present  officers  are,  president,  S.  L. 
Brearly;  secretary,  O.  M.  Laraway;  treasurer,  F. 
S.  ilcDonald;  attorney,  Charles  Robinson.  The 
managers  are,  W.  H.  Stickney,  C.  N.  Boardman, 
F,  :M,  Dunn,  Ralph  Rees,  W.  M.  Tweedie,  Selah 
Matthews,  A.  J.  Hart,  John  Walker  and  J.  J. 
Jeffery. 

The  iliiuieapolis  Mutual  Benefit  Building  As- 
sociation was  incori'orated  in  January,  1874,  for 
the  accumulation  of  a  fund,  by  the  savings  of  the 
members,  for  purchasing  of  real  estate  andbiuld- 
ing  of  residences  and  such  other  investments  as 
may  be  decided  upon.  Tlie  capital  stock  was 
first  fixed  at  2.500  shares,  with  power  to  increase 
the  same  from  time  to  time.  The  first  meeting 
was  held  on  Januaiy  31st.  and  the  regular  meet- 
ings have  been  held  every  fourtli  Saturday 
'  suice.  The  present  officers  are  president.  R.  E. 
Grimshaw :  secretary,  W.P.  North  way :  treasurer, 
O.  M.  Laraway :  attorney,  G.  W.  Chowen. 

The  Turners"  Building  Association  was  organ- 


MILITABT  COMPANIES. 


433 


ized  in  September,  1877,  held  their  first  meeting 
October  5th,  and  filed  their  articles  of  incorpora- 
tion, October  loth,  following.  The  first  officers 
were,George  Thele,  president;  Herman  Ilein,  vice- 
president;  J.  Monasch,  secretary  ;  William  Mas- 
solt,  treasurer ;  Anton  Grethen,  attorney.  The 
first  issue  of  stock  amounted  to  868  shares;  since 
then  four  series  have  been  made,  amounting  in 
all  to  3,440  shares,  670  of  which  have  been  with- 
drawn. 

MINING   COMPANIES. 

The  Bristol  Silver  Mining  Company  was  or- 
ganized December  2d,  1879,  with  a  capital  of 
$50,000,  and  the  first  offlcers  were  George  H. 
Keith,  president;  Frank  A.  Lewis,  vice-presi- 
dent; R.  J.  Baldwin,  secretary  and  treasurer. 
The  capital  has  been  increased  to  .f  200,000,  and 
the  oflicers  are  unchanged  excepting  secretary 
and  treasurer,  who  now  are  F.  Hughes  and  W. 
D.  Hale.  The  mines  are  in  Lincoln  county,  Ne- 
vada. 

The  Lincoln  Mining  Company  was  organized 
in  October,  1880,  with  a  capital  of  $250,000. 
The  mines  are  in  Lincoln  county,  Nevada.  The 
offlcers  are  Wm.  Windom,  president;  C.  C.  Jones, 
vice-president;  H.  M.  Goodhue,  secretary;  R.  S. 
Jones,  treasurer;  G.  J.  Goodhue,  manager. 

The  Arizona  Northern  Mining  Company  was 
organized  in  March,  1880,  with  a  capital  of  $70,- 
000.  They  own  the  "Cerbat,"  "Connor''  and 
"Snowflake"  mines  in  Mohave  county,  Arizona, 
and  are  rapidly  developing  them.  The  offlcers 
are:  Anthony  Kelly,  president;  R.  J.  Baldwin, 
secretary;  T.  S.  King,  assistant  secretary;  J.  K. 
Sidle,  treasurer. 

The  Minneapolis  Gas  Liglit  Company  was  or- 
ganized February  24th,  1870,  with  D.  Morrison, 
president;  W.  P.  Westf all,  treasurer ;  George  II. 
Rust,  Secretary ;  and  a  board  of  directors  con- 
sisting of  D.  Morrison,  W.  P.  "W^estfall,  II.  S. 
Southard,  S.  C.  Gale  and  F.  S.  Gilson.  The  com- 
pany has  continually  extended  its  gas  mains,  and 
now  has  twenty-five  miles  laid  in  the  various 
streets  of  the  city.  The  present  officers  are : 
A.  C.  Rand,  president ;  II.  W.  Brown,  superin- 
tendent ;  A.  T.  Rand,  secretai-y.  The  office 
is  at  No.  413  Nicollet  Avenue. 

The  North-western  Globe  Gaslight  Company 

was  incorporated  in  1877,  with  a  capital  of  .'§100,- 

000.    Its  object  is  to  light  private  grounds  and 
28 


streets  with  gasolme.  The  business  is  extensive, 
sixty  per  cent,  of  the  city  being  lighted  by  this 
process.  The  offlcers  are  Dorilus  Morrison, 
president ;  A.  M.  Reid,  vice  president ;  S.  A. 
Harris,  secretary  and  treasm-er,  G.  A.  March, 
general  manager.  The  directors  are  D.  Morri- 
son, A.  M.  Reid,  S.  A.  Harris,  W.  W.  McNaii- 
and  G.  A.  March. 

The  Minneapolis  Light  Infantry  was  organ- 
ized in  July,  1879,  and  sworn  into  state  service 
October  9,  following,  by  S.  A.  Sims,  mustering 
offlcer.  The  company  had  at  that  time  a  mem- 
bership of  thirty-two  persons,  and  the  highest 
officer  was  second  lieutenant,  to  which  place  ilr. 
Sims  was  elected,  and  F.  B.  Moore  was  chosen 
orderly  sergeant.  In  December  the  number  of 
officers  was  increased,  Mr.  Sims  elected  first 
lieutenant  and  W.  L.  Eldred,  second.  At  this 
time  they  received  fifty  breech-loadmg  Spring- 
field rifles,  and  fatigue  equipments.  In  Febru- 
ary, 1880,  the  office  of  captain  was  created  and 
J.  P.  Rea  elected.  In  October,  1880,  they  re- 
ceived twenty-five  more  rifles  and  equipments 
from  the  state.  During  the  summer  season  the 
company  meets  in  squads  for  rifle  practice  on 
their  range  in  the  East  Division.  The  present 
officers  are  captain,  J.  P.  Rea;  first  lieutenant, 
S.  A.  Sims ;  second  lieutenant,  G.  M.  Naylor ; 
orderly  sergeant,  F.  S.  Barnard;  second  sergeant, 
J.  G.  Rogers,  third  sergeant  and  quarter-master, 
Perry  Harrison ;  fourth  sergeant,  E.  D.  Hill ; 
color  sergeant,  d"B.  O.  Scott ;  corporals,  E.  L. 
Lockwood,  A.  Baker,  C.  Langdon,  and  F.  L. 
Foote.  The  officers  of  the  civil  organization  are, 
J.  P.  Rea,  president;  ({.  M.  Naylor,  vice-presi- 
dent; F.  W.  Greene,  recording  secretary ;  Wil- 
liam Wright,  financial  secretary;  E.  L.  Goddard, 
treasurer.  The  first  child  born  after  the  organi- 
zation of  the  regiment  was  a  daughter  of  N.  F. 
Warner.  This  child,  ]Mary  E.  Warner,  born  May 
23d,  1880,  was,  on  the  25th  of  the  same  month, 
adopted  as  the  "Daughter  of  the  Regiment." 

The  jSIinneapolis  Zouave  corps  of  the  Minne- 
sota National  Guards,  was  formerly  the  Knights 
of  Pythias  drill  corps.  I)ut  organized  independ- 
ent of  that  order,  February  14th,  1880,  and 
was  mustered  into  state  service  on  the  24th,  of 
the  same  month.  The  oflicers  are  A.  A.  Ames, 
captain;  G.  R.  Seaton,  first  lieutenant;  L.  E.  Har- 
rison, second  lieutenant;  C.  B.  Case,  orderly  ser- 


434 


HISTORY  OF  HJENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


geaut;  Mr.  HaiTison  resigned  January  5th,  1881, 
and  Albert  Marsh  was  promoted  to  his  place. 
When  mustered  into  service,  the  corps  numbered 
thirty-six  men  besides  the  officers,  and  now  has 
seventy-five  and  a  drum  coips  of  seventeen  mem- 
bers. The  intention  is  to  form  the  corps  into  an 
Infantry  and  cavalr>-  company,  and  battery  with 
two  pieces. 

Minnesota  Agricultiu'al  and  Mechanical  Asso- 
ciation. Tlie  offlcei-s  are  :  ^Vm.  S.  Kiiig,  presi- 
dent; Charles  II.  Clarlie,  secretary:  '\'alentine  G. 
Hush,  treasurer:  and  an  advisory  board  com- 
posed of  Wm.  "W.  Folwell,  President  University- 
of  Minnesota,  chairman;  Hon.  D.  L.  Buell,  Hous- 
ton coimty:  James  Archer.  Hennepm  comity;  J. 
C.  Easton,  Fillmore  county,  David  L.  How,  Scott 
county;  H.  F.  ^loree,  Winona  county;  Hon.  John 
F.  Meagher.  Blue  Earth  counts;  Hon.  J.  P. 
Eahilly,  Wabasha  county:  Gen.  James  H.  Baker. 
Blue  Eai-th  county;  Col.  W.  H.  Feller,  Wabasha 
countj^;  Hon.  E.  S.  Brown,  Washington  countj'; 
Hon.  J.  A.  Thatcher,  Goodhue  countj-;  Hon. 
Knute  Nelson,  Douglass  county;  Hon.  Jared Ben- 
son, Anoka  county;  Hon.  T.  C.  McClure,  Stearns 
county.  This  association  organized  in  the  season 
of  1877,  has  become  thoroughly  identified  with  the 
interests  of  not  only  Minneapolis  and  Minnesota, 
but  of  the  entire  nortli-west.  Its  efforts  in  the 
direction  of  layuig  before  the  public,  the  vast 
resources  of  the  north-^\ est,  as  demonstiated  in 
the  imiiualified  success  of  its  annual  fairs  and  ex- 
positions, have  been  largely  conducive  to  the  gen- 
eral interests  of  ilinneapolis,  in  that,  large  gath- 
erings of  people  from  all  parts  of  the  United 
States,  are  here  brought  face  to  face  with  w'est- 
ei-n  and  particularly  ^lumesota  energy  and  enter- 
prise. The  results  shown  from  year  to  year,  thus 
far,  in  the  improvement  of  stock  and  maehinerj', 
and  in  the  general  growmg  spirit  of  emulation, 
proves  the  value  of  such  a  stimulus  as  this  or- 
ganization. The  management  disburses  annually 
for  expenses  and  in  premiums  not  less  than  forty 
thousand  dollai-s,  has  always  paid  its  lia- 
biMties,  and  aims  to  keep  not  only  pace  with 
the  general  gi-o^th,  but  a  place  at  the  front,  in 
the  rapid  and  wondei-ful  prosperity  of  the  coun- 
trj-.  With  an  advisory  board  made  up  of  well 
known  and  representative  men,  located  in  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  state,  the  executive  control  of 
its  affairs  rest  solely  in  the  hands  of  the  president. 


Wm.  S.  Kuig,  and  secretary,  Charles  H.  Clarke. 
Patriotism  and  public  spirit  alone,  actuate,  and  a 
desire  to  forward  the  march  of  improvement, 
alone  rules.  The  association  so  far  may  be  said 
to  have  paid  its  own  way,  only  a  comparatively 
small  sum,  commensurate  with  the  large  outlay, 
having  been  contributed  or  donated.  Tlie  atten- 
dance at  the  annual  gatherings  approximate  100,- 
000  people  that  come  from  a  distance,  the  city 
of  St.  Paul  by  its  close  proximity,  and  frequent 
railroad  connection.  recei\ing  its  full  share 
of  the  immediate  patronage  of  so  large  an 
attendance.  This  association  was  not  organized 
with  a  view  of  taking  the  place  of  any  similar 
organization  already  in  existence,  but  solely  inde- 
pendent, \\-ith  a  settled  location  to  gi'ow  and  ac- 
cumulate with  Minneapolis. 

The  Hahnemann  Medical  Society  of  Hennepin 
comity.  Minnesota,  was  organized  September  16th, 
1872,  and  was  the  resiOt  of  an  informal  meeting 
of  the  homoeopathic  physicians  of  the  city,  held  in 
Dr.  W.  H.  Leonard's  ofiice.  September  2d  of  that 
year.  A  constitution  and  liy-laws  were  adopted 
and  signed  by  Drs.  D.  M.  Good-win,  W.  H.  Leon- 
ard. G.  T.  Flanders.  T.  K.  Huntington.  M.  H. 
Wallens,  and  Petrus  Nelson.  Dr.  Huntington 
died  Ln  March,  1873.  The  membership  of  the  so- 
ciety continued  to  gi-ow  rapidly,  and  during  the 
eight  years  of  its  existence  the  following  events 
of  importance  have  occurred :  In  April.  1875, 
a  medical  fee-bill  was  established,  regulating  the 
charges  of  the  societj" ;  a  joint  committee  of  both 
the  homceopathic  and  alojiathic  schools  met  and 
agreed  on  tlie  rates  wliich  they  should  charge.  In 
May,  1880,  the  joint  committee  met  and  drew  up 
a  schedule,  fixuig  the  rates  for  certain  surgical 
operations.  The  same  month,  a  plan  was  formed 
for  the  establishment  of  a  free  dispensary,  where 
the  poor  might  secure  such  medical  aid  as  they 
stand  in  need  of.  The  result  was  that  it  was 
opened  in  Cottage  Hospital.  About  1,500  people, 
who  were  unable  to  pay  for  medicines,  have  been 
treated,  nearly  3,000  prescriptions  have  been  put 
up,  and  about  300  families,  who  were  unable  to 
apply  personally  at  the  dispensary,  have  been 
visited.  The  officers  of  the  societ>-  are :  A.  A. 
Camp,  president;  M.  L.  Swain,  vice-president; 
A.  J.Hutchinson,  secretary  and  treasurer;  D. 
M.  Goodwin,  A.  E.  Higbee,  and  W.  H.  Leonard, 
censors.    Monthly  meetings  are  held. 


ACADEIfY  OF  SCIENCE— ATHEN^UM. 


435 


The  Union  Medical  Society  was  organized  early 
in  1856,  with  A.  E.  Ames,  president ;  C.  L.  An- 
derson, vice-president ;  Dr.  Wheeloclv,  secretary ; 
C.  W.  Le'Boutillier,  treasurer.  Among  the  old 
members  were  Drs.  A.  E.  Ames,  V.  L.  Anderson, 
Wheelock,  C.  W.  Be'Boutillier,  A.  E.  Johnson,  W. 
H.  Leonard,  Loewenberg,  A.  Ortman,  Ward, 
A.  J.  White  and  W.  D.  Dibb.  Of  these,  Drs. 
Johnson,  Leonard  and  Ortman  remain;  the  rest 
are  dead,  or  liave  removed  from  this  city.  June 
7th,  1870,  the  society  re-organized  as  the  Henne- 
pin Comity  Medical  Societ>',  with  Drs.  A.  E. 
Ames,  and  N.  B.  Kill,  both  since  deceased,  as 
president  and  vice-president.  The  present  offi- 
cers are,  O.  J.  Evans,  president;  C.  L.  Wells, 
vice-president ;  A.  ('.  Fairbairn,  secretary ;  W. 
Miller,  treasurer ;  W.  A.  Hamilton,  librarian. 
The  meetings  are  held  the  first  and  tliird  Mondays 
of  each  montli,  at  places  designated  before  ad- 
journment. 

Minnesota  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences.  Tlie 
initiatory  step  to  the  formation  of  this  instituion 
which  has  for  several  years  maintained  sm  un- 
ostentatious but  not  unproductive  activity  in  our 
midst,  was  taken  on  January  -Ith,  1873,  when  a 
number  of  gentlemen  gathered  in  the  ofiice  of 
Dr.  Johnson,  to  discuss  the  feasibility  of  forming 
a  society,  having  for  its  object,  "  The  cultivation 
of  Natural  Science  in  general,  and  especially  the 
sciences  of  Geology  and  Archaeology."  Prof. 
E.  W.  B.  Harvey  was  elected  chairman,  and  Dr. 
Charles  Simpson,  secretary.  It  was  resolved  to 
incorporate  a  society  under  the  general  law,  with 
the  above  name,  and  a  committee  consisting  of 
Charles  Simpson,  E.  W.  B.  Harvey,  and  A.  E. 
Johnson,  was  appointed  to  frame  the  articles  of 
incorporation  which  were  more  fully  discussed 
at  the  next  meeting,  at  which  time  the  first  offi- 
cers of  the  academy  were  elected  as  follows: 
president,  A.  E.  Johnson  ;  vice  president,  S.  C. 
Gale  ;  secretary,  Charles  Simpson  ;  correspond- 
ing secretary,  A.  E.  Ames ;  treasurer,  E.  W.  B. 
Harvey;  trustees,  Paris  Gibson,  C.  E.  Rogers, 
W..H.  Leonard,  A.  F.  Elliot,  O.  V.  Tousley, 
and  M.  D.  Stoneman.  From  this  time  onward 
there  has  been  a  gradual  increase  in  numbers 
and  interest,  so  that  the  rolls  now  show  about 
fifty  members  in  place  of  the  eleven  charter  mem- 
bers. The  earlier  meetings  of  tlie  academy  were 
held  in  the  office  of  Dr.  Johnson,  but  in  Novem- 


ber of  1875,  the  academy  removed  to  the  west 
side  and  was  installed  in  commodious  rooms  in 
Centre  block,  214  Nicollet  Avenue.  The  muse- 
ums, which  are  chiefly  dependent  upon  occa- 
sional donations,  have  assumed  respectable  pro- 
portions, notably  in  the  direction  of  ornithology 
through  the  labors  of  Dr.  Hatch  and  otliers ; 
valuable  contributions  to_the  mineralogical  and 
entomological  cabinets  were  also  secured,  while 
the  library  contains  a  large  number  of  valuable 
government  reports,  and  proceedings  of  various 
scientific  societies.  The  academy  has,  from  time 
to  time,  published  bulletins  containing  not  only 
interesting  discussions  of  living  scientific  ques- 
tions, but  the  results  of  extensive  original  uivesti- 
gation.  It  has  also  proven  its  public  spirited- 
ness  by  securing  the  services  of  eminent  platform 
speakers.  Mlthin  a  short  time  it  has  been  found 
expedient  to  divide  the  academy  into  sections, 
for  purposes  of  co-operative  investigation  and 
study,  each  section  forming  an  organic  part  of 
the  academy.  During  the  early  part  of  1881, 
a  protracted  session  of  the  academy  was  held  at 
which  papers  by  scientific  men  from  different 
sections  of  the  country  were  read.  To  this  course 
of  lectures  and  essays  the  general  public  was  in- 
vited, and  responded  largely.  Thus  began  an 
era  of  broader  influences  for  the  institution,  and 
it  took  its  place  among  the  educational  influences 
of  the  state. 

Minneapolis  Athenieum.  Early  in  the  spring 
of  1859,  it  was  announced  that  Bayard  Taylor 
would  visit  tlie  north-west  and  would  lecture  be- 
fore any  literary  society  or  library  association 
that  would  pay  his  expenses,  the  balance  of  the 
receipts  to  be  applied  to  the  benefit  of  such  as- 
sociation. A  few  of  the  citizens  met  togellier  at 
the  ottice  of  Nicholas  &  Charlton  and  resolved  to 
organize  a  library  association.  A  committee 
was  ai)pouited  to  draw  articles  of  incorporation. 
They  reported  on  the  ISth  of  May,  1859,  that  it 
was  not  expedient  to  draft  articles  of  incorpora- 
tiofl,  but  recommended  that  the  "constitution  of 
the  Young  Men's  Libraiy  Association"  be,  and  it 
was  adopted,  and  the  officers  elected.  May  25th, 
1859,  JSIr.  Taylor  delivered  his  lecture,  the  proceeds 
of  which  amounted  to  one  hundred  and  forty-one 
dollars  and  seventv-five  cents.  Fifty-eight  dol- 
lars and  twenty-five  cents  were  paid  to  Mr.  Tay- 
lor, and  the  balance  was  received  by  the  associa- 


436 


HTSTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


tion.  The  name  "Minneapolis  AtheniBum"  was 
adopted;  it  was  thought  best  that  the  society' 
should  be  a  chartered  corporation,  and  public 
notice  was  given  that  a  meeting  would  be  held 
on  January  3d,  1860,  to  take  measures  to  procure 
a  charter.  A  draft  of  a  charter  was  made  and 
sent  to  Jesse  Bishop  to  be  presented  to  the  legis- 
lature for  enactment,  but  was  refused,  as  it  was 
unconstitutional  to  grant,  and  also  umiecessary, 
as  there  was  a  provision  under  the  general  stat- 
utes for  the  organization  of  scientific  and  educa- 
tional societies,  including  hbraries.  During  the 
summer  of  1865,  the  lot  on  which  the  Athenseum 
building  now  stands,  was  pmchased  for  $1 ,500, 
and  the  structure  erected  m  1SG6,  subscriptions  to 
the  amount  of  §10,693.93  being  received  for  that 
purpose.  Dr.  Kirby  Spencer,  wlio  died  March 
10th,  1870,  a  shareholder  and  staunch  friend  of 
the  Athena-um,  left  a  fund  of  about  845,000 
which  yields  an  income  of  |2,000  annually,  to  be 
hivested  solely  in  books  for  the  library.  The  li- 
brary is  valued  at  l)etween  §18,000  and  §20,000, 
and  consists  of  about  9,000  volumes,  besides 
which  are  received  forty  magazines  and  fifteen 
weekly  and  daily  newspapers.  Tlie  present  offi- 
cers are:  J.  E.  Bell,  president;  E.W.  Laing.  vice- 
president;  W.  H.  Iliidile,  secretary;  C.  McC. 
Reeve,  ti-easurer;  T.  B.  Walker,  C.  A.  Bovey  and 
H.  G.  O.  Morrison,  directors. 


CHAPTER  LXIX. 

EDUCATIONAL — PUBLIC  SCHOOLS — UNIVERSITY 
— MACALESTER  COLLEGE— PRIVATE  SCHOOLS 
— BUSINESS  COLLEGES — AUGSBITRG  SEMINARY 
—KINDERGARTEN  SCHOOLS. 

The  educational  system  of  Minneapolis  is  justly 
a  source  of  satisfaction  and  pride  to  the  citizens. 
It  consists  of  public  graded  schools,  providing  a 
course  of  instruction  preparatory  to  the  Univer- 
sity, private  schools,  supplementary  to  these,  and 
finally  the  I'niversity  and  theological  Semmaries. 
However  perfect  the  system  of  public  schools 
may  be,  a  field  is  always  open  for  private  institu- 


tions, more  especially  for  families  of  wealth,  whose 
children  can  be  afforded  higher  culture  in  what 
are  called  the  ornamental  brandies.  In  the  lower 
grades  of  education  a  similar  demand  is  found 
in  all  towns,  even  vuider  our  democratic  govern- 
ment. These  wants  are  supplied  in  Minneapolis 
by  several  institutions  that  rank  high  in  the  es- 
timate of  tlieir  patrons.  The  gi'eat  demand, 
however,  will  always  be  for  what  the  Germans 
call  the  "  bread  and  butter  sciences,"  by  which 
term  they  intend  those  branches  of  education 
that  are  immediately  convertible  to  practical  use, 
by  means  of  which  a  man  may  secure  more  ele- 
vating employment  and  command  higher  wages. 
It  has  long  ceased  to  be  a  matter  of  pride  to 
know  how  to  read  and  write,  but  it  is  a  positive 
disgrace  not  to  know  how;  so  the  voice  of  the 
people,  more  potent  than  any  state  law  on  the 
subject,  compels  the  education  of  all  children,  at 
least  in  the  primary  branches.  Primary  educa- 
tion is  a  'sine  qua  non'  m  the  struggle  for  exis- 
tence; above  the  primary,  branches  more  or  less 
liberal  in  the  regard  to  the  true  function  of  edu- 
cation usually  operate  to  the  discouragement  by 
the  public  of  the  more  liberal  branches  taught  in 
the  high  schools  of  the  country.  When  all  vote 
and  all  feel  at  liberty  and  consider  themselves 
qualified  to  pass  judgment  on  plans  and  methods 
of  education,  it  is  not  strange  that  differences  in 
opinion  exist.  The  higher  the  culture  of  the 
critic,  the  more  ready  he  is  to  admit  tliat  there  is 
no  science  of  education,  and  it  must  remain  em- 
pyrical  luitil  a  superior  of  Edison  shall  arise,  who 
can  take  brains  upon  his  experimental  table,  lo- 
cate the  mind  itself  and  each  of  its  faculties,  ex- 
plain the  subtle  relation  between  it  and  matter, 
and  show  a  course  of  training  by  which  each  in- 
dividual faculty  can  be  cultivated,  developed  or 
even  created.  Fortmiately  for  Muuieapolis,  its 
educational  interests  have  fallen  into  the  hands 
of  high-minded  and  cultivated  men,  wliose  liberal 
views  have  extended  beyond  the  limited  range  of 
the  ordinary  critic.  Fortimately,  too,  business 
has  so  engi'ossed  those,  who  might  otlierwise  be 
intrasive  critics,  that  greater  progress  in  the  right 
direction  has  taken  place  in  the  school  system 
than  would  have  been  possible  in  an  eastern  town, 
where  wealth,  secure  position  and  leisiue  afford 
unlimited  opportmiiny  for  interference.  Narrow 
criticism   looks   to  minutiae  and  technicalities 


PUBLIC   SCHOOLS. 


437 


while  broad  culture  looks  to  the  development  of 
the  active  powers  of  the  miiid.  The  former  re- 
gards the  possession  of  knowledge  as  the  end  of 
education,  wliile  the  latter  regards  that  education 
as  the  most  complete,  which  permits  the  longest 
pleasurable  extendmg  of  the  attention  on  a  given 
subject.  In  a  word  knowledge  is  the  mean  and 
culture  the  end  toward  which  the  educational 
system  of  MinneapoUs  gravitates.  The  result  of 
the  system  is,  and  must  be  the  development  of 
the  highest  degree  of  fitness  for  the  exigencies  of 
life.  The  value  of  property  permanently  invest- 
ed for  school  purposes  in  Jlinneapolis  amounts 
to  $2,241 ,897.59. 

PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

This  view  of  education  requires  an  elastic  sys- 
tem adapted  to  the  variety  of  minds  with  which 
it  has  to  deal.  Such  a  system  has  been  formu- 
lated under  the  management  of  O.  V.  Tousley, 
which  has  extended  over  a  period  of  about  twelve 
years.  During  this  time  the  present  extensive 
arrangements  have  been  perfected.  At  the  time 
of  Prof.  Tousley's  appointment  as  principal  of 
the  high  school,  only  four  of  the  present  school 
buildings  had  been  erected.  Ten  have  since 
sprung  up  in  the  various  parts  of  the  city  most 
convenient  for  the  daily  attendance  of  pupils. 

The  first  legislation  of  ^Minnesota  was  an  act, 
passed  by  the  first  territorial  legislature  on  the 
last  day  of  its  session,  November  1st,  1849,  to  es- 
tablish and  mahitain  common  schools. 

On  the  3d  of  ^larch,  next  preceding,  congress, 
in  the  act  by  which  the  territorial  government  of 
Minnesota  was  established,  provided  in  section 
18,  "That  when  the  lands  in  the  said  territory 
shall  be  siu-veyed  under  the  direction  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States,  preparatory  to 
bringing  the  same  into  market,  sections  number- 
ing eighteen  and  thirty-six  hi  each  township  in 
said  territory,  shall  be,  and  the  same  are  hereby 
reserved  for  the  purpose  of  being  applied  to  schools 
in  said  territory,  and  in  the  states  and  territories 
hereafter  to  be  created  out  of  the  same.'"  This 
gave  Minnesota  about  3,000,000  acres  of  land  for 
the  support  of  public  schools. 

To  Governor  Kamsey,  the  first  territorial  gover- 
nor, Minnesota  is  indebted  for  timely  suggestions 
pertairung  to  educational  matters,  and  for  appeal- 
ing to  congress  for  gifts  of  pubUc  lands  for  higher 


learning.  The  school  code  of  1849  is  declared  to 
be  an  honor  to  the  legislative  assembly  that  passed 
it. 

The  history  of  tlie  educational  institutions  of 
Minneapolis  begins,  before  the  legislative  act  re- 
ferred to,  and  before  the  territorial  organization, 
by  the  little  school  of  Miss  Electa  Bachus,  on  the 
east  side,  with  the  school-house  built  hi  1849  ;  and 
on  the  west  side,  that  of  Miss  Mary  E.  Miller, 
commenced  December  3d,  18-52,  already  referred 
to. 

"  The  earliest  books  of  record  in  the  possession 
of  the  board  of  education  contain  the  follo^\•ing 
proceedings,  and  relate  to  the  east  side : 

"  The  board  of  public  school  directors  for  the 
city  of  St.  Anthony,  consisting  of  John  L.  Love- 
joy,  On-in  Curtis,  John  B.  Gilfillan,  Martui  Stites, 
S.  F.  Eankiii,and  Charles  Crawford,  duly  elected 
at  the  annual  city  election  for  said  city,  on  the 
thu-d  day  of  April,  1860,  held  their  first  meeting 
at  the  office  of  Orrin  Curtis,  in  said  city,  on 
Saturday,  April  7th,  1860,  at  7  o'clock  p.  m. 

"A  resolution  offered  by  Mr.  Gilfillan  was 
adopted,  to  the  effect  that  the  secretary  be  in- 
structed to  notify  the  trustees  of  the  several 
school  districts  in  this  city  that  this  board  is  duly 
organized,  and  require  them  to  deliver  up  to  this 
board  the  books  and  effects  of  their  respective 
districts,  and  also  to  make  a  report  of  their  pro- 
ceedmgs  as  requued  by  law. 

"  The  first  records  in  the  possession  of  the 
west  side  Board  of  Education  are  dated  Jime 
23d,  1865.  The  salary  of  the  principal,  Professor 
Jenness,  was  at  that  time  fixed  at  $1,000;  his 
principal  assistant,  Mr.  Kiegel,  $400;  and  a 
force  of  female  teachers,  among  whom  are  some 
who  are  still  employed  as  teachers,  had  salaries 
rangmg  from  $325  to  $375.  In  October,  1865,  it 
was  determined  to  lay  the  foundation  for  the 
Union  (now  Washington)  school  buildhig,  which 
was  completed  the  following  season,  and  is  now 
the  oldest  public  school  binlding  in  the  city.  The 
first  move  for  the  Central  (now  Winthrop)building, 
on  the  east  side,  was  made  April  13th,  1865,  when 
it  was  voted  to  be  expedient  to  buy  a  site  for  a 
building,  which  was  done,  and  the  building  erect- 
ed in  1867." 

We  may  safely  pass  to  the  beginning  of  the 
present  incumbency,  without  omitting  any  im- 
portant details.     Professor  Tousley  began  his  ad- 


438 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


ministration  as  principal  of  the  high  school  in 
1869,  and  was  subsequently  chosen  supeiintend- 
ent.  Tlie  influence  of  his  liberal  ideas  was  soon 
felt,  and  from  them  was  developed  the  present 
educational  scheme  of  the  city.  Perfect  harmony 
has  existed  between  the  school  board  and  the 
superintendent,  and  such  conlidence  is  felt  in  him 
that  much  of  the  power  vested  in  them  is  rele- 
gated to  him. 

In  the  management  of  the  schools  several  items 
are  especially  noteworthy.  All  religions  exercises 
are  forbidden  in  the  schools ;  by  which  provision 
all  causes  of  controversy  growing  out  of  the  hete- 
rogeneous element  of  the  population  are  avoided. 
Another  item  is  that,  while  culture  is  demanded 
on  the  part  of  the  teachers  in  all  grades,  in  the 
primary,  especially,  a  cheerful  temper  full  of  sun- 
shine is  considered  an  essential  requisite  of  a 
teacher.  A  third  point,  and  one  which  is  especi- 
ally valuable,  is  that  frequent  examinations  are 
required  in  the  intermediate  and  higher  grades, 
by  means  of  which  the  varying  capacities  of  pu- 
pils are  measured  and  provision  is  made  for  the 
rapid  advance  of  some  and  the  corresponding  de- 
lay of  others.  Jlxaminations  are  required,  under 
the  dhection  of  the  superintendent,  of  all  pu- 
pils before  passing  from  one  grade  to  an- 
other. It  would  be  impossible  to  touch  on  all 
the  many  valuable  and  progressive  features 
of  the  public  schools,  such  as  general  and 
oral  lessons,  the  introduction  of  supplemental 
reading  matter,  etc.,  etc.  It  is  sufficient  to  say 
that  the  educational  systems  of  the  older  states 
have  been  canvassed  and  from  their  several  de- 
partures, modified  by  good  judgment  for  the  dif- 
fering conditions,  an  admirable  system  has  been 
developed. 

The  public  schools  are  divided  into  four  de- 
partments, viz:  Primary,  intermediate,  grammar 
school  and  high  school.  The  primary  schools  in- 
clude the  first,  second  and  third  gi'ades ;  the  in- 
termediate, the  fourth  and  fifth:  the  gi-ammar 
schools,  the  sixth,  seventh  and  eighth. 

The  total  expense  of  conducting  the  schools  of 
the  city  dming  the  last  year  was  $88,434.8" ;  of 
which  sum  168,728.7.5  was  salaries  of  teachers. 
This  does  not  include  expenditures  for  bonds,  m- 
terest,  or  permanent  improvements.  Fourteen 
school  buildings  are  in  use  in  the  city,  viz:  'Wash- 
ington, built  hi  1866,  value  of  buikUng  and  site 


$40,000;  Lincoln,  1867,  $16,063;  Jackson,  1867, 
$15,000;  "Winthrop,  1867,  $45,500;  Madison,  1870, 
$14,000;  Everett,  1871,  $8,100;  Marcy,  1872, 
114,000  ;  Franklin,  1873,  $18,000  ;  Adams,  1874, 
$19,000;  Sumner,  1876,  $17,000;  Jefferson,  1877, 
$29,763;  Monroe,  1878,  $22,920;  Humbolt,  1878, 
$13,.'i89;  High  school,  1878,  $86,427.  Total  value 
of  biuldings  with  estimated  value  of  sites,  $359,- 
362.  Unoccupied  real  estate  for  school  purposes, 
in  addition  is  $5,400.  The  number  of  sittmgs 
fiu'nished  for  pupils  is  5,618. 

SCHOOL   ATTENDANCE. 

From  the  recently  taken  I'nited  States  census 
it  appears  that  the  children  of  this  city  are  distri- 
buted as  to  ages  as  follows:  Under  five  years, 
5,362;  five  years,  1,231 ;  between  six  and  fifteen 
years,  7,157;  between  fifteen  and  twenty-one 
years  5,649.    Total  under  twenty-one,  19,399. 

From  the  last  report  of  the  board  of  education 
it  appears  that  6,142  pupils  were  enrolled  in  the 
schools.  Of  this  number  352  were  between  fif- 
teen and  twenty-one.  Our  schools  thus  reach 
over  eighty  per  cent,  of  the  pupils  who  in  the  west 
attend  the  common  schools.  It  is  believed  that 
this  is  a  larger  per  cent,  of  what  may  be  termed 
(for  the  lack  of  a  better  word)  schoolable  persons 
than  in  any  other  state  this  side  of  the  Alleghany 
mountains. 

An  examination  of  the  schools  of  the  country 
shows  that,  of  the  pupils  that  enter  the  schools  at 
the  age  of  six  years,  a  larger  per  cent,  reach  the 
high  school  in  Mmneapolis  than  in  almost  any 
other  city.  Out  of.  an  enrollment  of  5,000  in 
round  numbers,  there  are  now  300  in  attendance 
at  the  high  school,  which  is  six  per  cent.;  and 
upon  this  basis  schools  seldom  reach  five  per  cent. 
This  shows  at  once  the  tendency  of  the  scholars 
toward  the  high  school,  and  its  close  sympathy 
with  the  connecting  grades  below  it.  It  is  also  a 
noteworthy  fact  that  among  all  the  graduates  of 
the  high  school,  over  seventy-five  per  cent,  have 
been  from  the  families  of  intelligent  mechanics  and 
people  of  limited,  or,  at  the  most,  of  moderate 
means— showing  that  the  interests  of  these  classes 
of  the  people  are  closel\  bound  up  in  mahitaining 
a  high  school  in  fact,  as  well  as  in  name.  Not  ten 
per  cent,  of  the  graduates  are  from  the  families  of 
the  really  rich. 

The  average  number  of  pupils  in  daily  attend- 


THE  UNIVEBSITY. 


439 


ance  is  4,248.  The  cost  per  pupil,  based  on 
average  daily  attendance  is  S19.24:  based  on  the 
total  number  enrolled,  §13.31  per  capita.  The 
whole  number  of  teachers  employed  is  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty,  of  whom  live  are  males.  The 
money  necessary  for  the  maintenance  of  pulilic 
schools  is  derived  partly  from  the  general  school 
fund  of  the  state,  which  has  become  large  by 
reason  of  the  careful  husbandry  of  government 
land  endowment,  and  from  direct  taxation.  The 
power  of  taxation  is  vested  in  the  board  of  educa- 
tion, the  only  limitation  of  which  is,  that  the 
tax  shall  not  exceed  the  generous  allowance  of 
fifteen  mills. 

Experience  has  proved  tliat  Minneapolis  can 
elect  men  worthy  of  the  confidence  thus  reposed 
in  them.  The  following  is  the  school  board  of 
1880:  Hon.  Dorilus  Morrison,  president,  Hon. 
A.  C.  Austm,  Hon.  Winthrop  Young,  Hon.  J. 
W.  Johnson,  Prof.  S.  Oftedal,  Hon.  S.  C. 
Gale,  Prof.  O.  V.  Tousley,  superintendent  of 
schools. 

The  University  of  Minnesota.  The  Territory  of 
Minnesota  was  created  by  act  of  congress,  March 
3d,  1849.  A  subsequent  act  passed  Febru- 
ary 19th,  1851,  authorized  and  directed  the 
secretary  of  the  interior  to  set  apart  and  re- 
serve from  sale,  a  quantity  of  public  lands  not 
exceeding  two  entire  townships,  for  the  use  and 
support  of  a  university  in  said  territory.  In  an- 
ticipation of  tills  act  of  congress,  the  territorial 
legislature  had  on  the  13th  of  February,  1851, 
passed  a  law  providing  for  the  establishment  of 
an  "institution  mider  the  name  and  style  of  the 
University  of  Minnesota,"  and  for  its  location  at 
or  near  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony.  Under  this 
act  a  board  of  regents  was  elected  by  the  legisla- 
ture a  few  days  later.  This  board  organized,  se- 
lected a  site  near  the  center  of  St.  Anthony  (now 
the  east  division  of  IVIinneapolis)  just  above  the 
mills  fronting  on  Main  street  and  the  Mississippi 
river,  built  a  small  wooden  building  by  means  of 
private  subscriptions,  and  in  November  of  1851, 
opened  therein  a  preparatory  department.  In 
January,  1854,  order  was  taken  for  the  location 
of  the  public  lands  already  mentioned.  In  the 
course  of  the  same  year,  the  site  at  first  selected 
having  been  found  to  be  in  too  close  proximity  to 
the  business  and  manufacturing  of  the  town, 
another,  being  that  now  occupied,  lying  on  the 


high  bluff  on  the  east  bank  of  the  river,  about 
one  mile  below  the  falls,  was  purchased.  Owing 
to  this  change,  the  preparatory  department  was 
discontinued.  In  the  summer  of  1856,  a  con- 
tract was  made  for  the  erection  of  the  south  wing 
of  a  university  Iniilding  of  large  dimensions,  to 
be  completed  within  eighteen  months  from  Sep- 
tember 6th,  1856.  By  tliis  time  the  public  lands 
had  all  been  located  except  11.000  or  12,000  acres. 

The  state  constitution,  adopted  by  the  people 
October  13th,  1857,  and  approved  by  congress 
May  11th,  1858,  contains  the  following  generous 
and  emphatic  provision  for  the  university: 

"  The  location  of  the  University  of  Mimiesota, 
as  established  by  existing  laws,  is  hereby  con- 
firmed, and  said  institution  is  hereby  declared  to 
be  the  University  of  the  State  of  Minnesota.  All 
the  rights,  immunities,  franchises,  and  endow- 
ments heretofore  granted  or  conferred,  are  hereby 
perpetuated  unto  the  said  University;  and  all  lands 
■which  may  be  granted  hereafter  by  Congress,  or 
other  donations  for  said  University  purposes, 
shall  vest  in  the  institution  referred  to  in  this 
section." — Constitution,  Article  VII,  Section  4. 

The  effect  of  this  action  was  to  convert  the 
University  of  the  Territory  of  ^Minnesota  into  the 
University  of  the  State  of  Mimiesota,  but  there 
was  no  change  of  administration  imtil  1860,  in 
which  year  a  new  board  of  regents  was  consti- 
tuted. This  board,  during  its  continuance,  was 
mainly  occupied  in  futile  endeavors  to  liquidate 
the  debts  of  the  old  corporation  incurred  in  the 
erection  of  the  liuilding. 

It  is  but  justice  tii  say  that  the  territorial 
board,  composed  of  honest,  high  minded  men, 
such  as  Franklin  Steele,  II.  M.  Rice,  II.  II.  Sibley, 
Wm.  R.  Marsliall,  Isaac  Atwater,  and  John  II. 
Stevens,  erred  only  as  then-  fellow-citizeus  had 
erred  in  the  flush  times  preceding  1857.  They 
only  planned  too  generously.  The  suicerity  of 
their  interest  in  the  cause  of  higher  education  is 
attested  beyond  question  by  their  liberal  personal 
contril)utions.  Theirs  was  not  the  only  noble  en- 
terprise which  was  overtaken  and  overwhelmed 
by  the  financial  reverses  of  1857-8. 

In  1864  the  legislature  appointed  a  special  com- 
mission, composed  of  lion.  John  S.  Pillsbury, 
Hon.  John  Nicols,  and  lion.  O.  C.  ]Merriman, 
with  full  powers  to  sell  property  and  pay  debts. 
This  board  were  occupied  until  1867  in  this  duty. 


440 


HISTORY  OF  HHI^'NEPIN  COUNTY. 


when,  on  December  23d.  they  reported  the  in- 
debtedness substantially  liquidated  by  the  sale  of 
less  than  12.000  acres.of  land. 

The  legislature  of  1867  having  appropriated  a 
sum  of  money  to  repair  and  renovate  the  build- 
ing, which  had  stood  idle  and  enipt>-  for  nearly 
ten  years,  and  having  authorized  the  opening  of  a 
preparatory  department,  the  board  had  employed 
as  principal  the  Eev.  W.  ^^'.  Washburn,  B.  A., 
who,  on  the  7th  day  of  October,  1867,  with  two 
assistants,  began  the  work  of  instruction. 

In  1865,  the  land  grant  of  the  general  govern- 
ment for  colleges  of  agriculture  and  the  mechanic 
arts,  had  been  accepted  by  the  state  legislature,  and 
uitrusted  to  the  trustees  of  the  state  agricultiu-al 
college,  which  had  been  chartered  in  1858,  and 
located  in  McLeod  county. 

All  of  the  foregoing  legislation  save  the  con- 
stitutional enactment  may  be  regarded  as  tenta- 
tive and  provisional.  The  University  as  a  reaht)', 
dates  its  organization  from  the  law  of  February 
18th,  1868,  entitled  "an  act  to  re-organize  the 
University  of  Minnesota,  and  to  establish  an  ag- 
ricultural college  therein."  This  act  as  modified 
in  some  details  by  subsequent  legislation  may  be 
found  in  full  in  the  general  statutes  of  ^Minnesota 
for  1878.  and  may  be  regarded  as  the  charter  of 
the  iiLstitution. 

This  organic  act  authorizes  the  opening  of  va- 
rious departments  or  colleges,  places  the  govern- 
ment ui  a  board  of  ten  regents,  three  serving 
ex-officiis.  the  governor,  the  state  superin- 
tendent of  public  instiTictiou.  and  president  of  the 
University,  and  seven  appointed  by  the  governor, 
with  consent  of  the  senate,  holding  office  for  three 
years;  and  prescribes  the  officers  of  the  board  and 
their  respective  duties.  It  contains  the  usual 
and  necessary  pro^"isions  relating  to  the  election 
of  the  faculty,  to  meetings,  and  reports,  and  de- 
clares the  regents  a  body  corporate  imder  the 
name  and  style  of  The  University  of  Minnesota. 
The  only  provision  of  the  charter  needing  special 
mention,  is  that  contained  in  section  seven, 
which  inviolably  appropriates  and  places  at  the 
disposal  of  the  board  of  regents,  all  the  interest 
and  mcome  of  the  fund  derived  from  the  sales  of 
all  lands  granted  to  the  state  under  the  act  of 
congress,  approved  July  2d,  1862.  commonly 
called  the  ''Agricultural  College  Act."    Thus  all 


the  endowments  of  the  general  government  for 
higher  literary  professional  and  industrial  educa- 
tion were  wisely  merged  and  consolidated  under 
a  smgle  management. 

In  pursuance  of  the  organic  act  a  board  of  re- 
gents was  duly  appomted.  who  met  and  organ- 
ized, as  required  by  law.  on  the  first  'Wednesday 
in  March,  1868.  The  members  were  AVUliam 
R.  Marshall,  then  Governor;  Mark  H.  Dunnel, 
then  state  superintendent  of  public  instruction, 
ex-officiis ;  R.  S.  Donaldson,  of  Farmington ;  A. 
A.  Harwood,  of  Owatoima;  H.  II.  Sibley,  of  St. 
Paul ;  E.  J.  Thompson,  of  Chatfleld ;  O.  C.  Mer- 
riman.  of  St.  Anthony;  John  Xicols.  of  St.  Paul, 
and  J.  S.  Pillsbury,  of  St.  Anthony.  J.  S.  PUls- 
bury  was  chosen  president,  O.  C.  Merriman  sec- 
retary, and  John  Xicols  treasurer. 

The  preparatory  department,  opened  in  1867, 
was  conducted  in  an  efficient  and  satisfactory 
manner  by  Mr.  "Washbimi,  and  his  assistants. 
Messrs.  G.  Campbell.  Ira  Moore  and  E.  H.  Twin- 
ing, throughout  the  years  1868  and  1869.  In  the 
summer  of  1869  arrangements  were  made  for 
beginning  college  work  proper.  A  faculty  con- 
sisting of  nine  gentlemen,  were  elected,  and  on 
the  13th  of  September,  entered  upon  their  duties. 
The  only  college  class  being  the  freshmen,  and 
that  not  exceeding  fifteen  in  number,  the  faculty 
were  for  the  first  year,  and,  indeed,  for  the  two 
succeeding  years  chiefly  engaged  in  the  instruc- 
tion of  the  preparatory  students,  who  numbered 
nearly  two  hmidred.  Young  women  were  ad- 
mitted from  the  first,  and  no  proposal  has  yet 
been  made  to  refuse  them  instruction.  In  the 
course  of  the  year  1869-70  the  matter  of  a  per- 
manent organization  of  the  several  departments 
of  instruction,  and  courses  of  study,  came  under 
consideration.  Upon  the  recommendation  of  the 
president  of  the  University,  the  board  of  regents, 
on  the  28th  day  of  June,  1870.  adopted  that 
general  plan  of  organization  which  has  since  been 
in  operation,  and  which  by  its  apparent  novelty 
has  attracted  considerable  attention.  The  board 
were  encouraged  to  adopt  it  by  reason  of  warm 
and  emphatic  recommendations  fi'om  educators 
of  the  highest  raidi  and  reputation  in  the  coimtry. 
The  essential  features  of  this  plan  only  can  be 
here  noticed. 

Under  the  organic  law  the  board  of  regents 
are  authorized  to  establish  any  desired  number 


THE  UNIVERSITY. 


441 


of  departments  or  colleges,  the  following,  bow- 
ever,  being  specified :  "A  department  of  ele- 
mentary instruction;  a  department  of  science, 
literature  and  the  arts  ;  a  college  of  agriculture ; 
a  college  of  mechanic  arts  ;  a  college  or  depart- 
ment of  medicine ;  a  college  or  department  of 
law." 

The  department  of  elementary  instruction, 
otherwise  designated,  by  virtue  of  a  by-law  of 
the  board  of  regents,  "The  Collegiate  Depart- 
ment," is  introductory  to  the  permament  colleges 
of  the  University.  It  includes,  together  with 
the  work  of  the  freshman  and  sophomore  classes 
of  the  ordinary  colleges,  the  remainder  of  the  old 
preparatory  department,  so  long  as  any  may  be 
retained. 

This  arrangement  of  departments  emphasizes 
and  formulates  the  growing  tendency  and  custom 
of  American  colleges  and  universities  to  make 
the  close  of  the  second  or  sophomore  year,  a 
branching  point  for  the  introduction  of  optional 
studies,  and  for  certain  professional  or  technical 
courses.  It  pre-supposes  a  separation  of  the  sec- 
ondary and  superior  epochs  of  education,  and  a 
con-esponding  assortment  of  studies.  The  high 
schools  and  other  "fitting  schools"  of  the  state 
are  thus  invited  to  extend  their  work  substan- 
tially up  to  the  junior  year.  When  this  shall  have 
been  generally  done,  the  University  will,  as  pro- 
vided by  law,  dispense  with  the  whole  of  the  De- 
partment of  Elementary  Instruction,  and  will 
extend  her  work  on  post-graduate  ground. 

The  general  plan  of  the  University  contem- 
plates a  group  or  federation  of  distinct  colleg- 
es; having  each  its  own  organization,  faculty, 
buildings  and  equipment.  Among  the  advanta- 
ges claimed  for  this  general  plan  may  be  named 
the  following: 

A  faithful  adherence  to  the  letter  and  spirit  of 
the  laws,  state  and  national,  which  have  estab- 
lished and  endowed  the  University,  and  which 
contemplates  it  as  a  federation  of  literary,  pro- 
fessional and  industrial  colleges. 

That,  while  offering  the  old  college  curriculum 
and  discipline  in  their  best  forms  to  the  literary 
and  professional  classes,  the  University  will  pro- 
vide for  the  industrial  classes  that  "liberal  and 
practical  education"  required  by  law  and  public 
sentiment. 

The  separation  of  the  natural  epochs  of  sec- 


ondary and  superior  education,  and  the  ultimate 
liberation  of  the  University  from  the  elementary 
work  of  the  former:  and  coinciding  with  this  di- 
vision, an  advantageous  assortment  of  studies, 
methods  and  discipline  suitable  to  the  two  peri- 
ods respectively. 

A  close  and  vital  articulation  of  the  University 
with  the  public  school  system  of  the  state. 

The  elevation  of  the  high  schools  by  enlarging 
the  recognized  sphere  of  their  instruction. 

The  elevation  of  the  professional  schools  by 
requiring  of  candidates  for  degrees  a  good  gener- 
al education  as  a  pre-requisite  for  admission, 
while  not  insisting  upon  the  impossible  condition 
that  all  shall  have  gone  over  tlie  whole  of  the  old 
college  course. 

The  elevation,  in  particular,  of  the  colleges  of 
agriculture  and  mechanic  arts  to  equal  rank  and 
standing  with  other  university  courses,  and  the 
separation  of  the  studies  and  exercises  properly 
belonging  to  them,  from  the  elementary  branches 
taught  in  the  primary  and  secondary  schools; 
which  branches  it  is  not  the  business  of  the  col- 
leges to  teach. 

Great  freedom  in  the  arrangement  of  details  to 
varying  conditons,  the  main  plan  remaming  un- 
changed. 

To  put  the  above  plan  of  organization  into  ef- 
fect, the  board  of  regents  adopted  a  code  of  by- 
laws which  have  been  revised  as  has  been  found 
needful. 

From  the  date  of  its  organization  for  iniiver- 
sity  work,  (1869)  the  progress  of  the  institution 
has  been  steady  and  sufliciently  rapid.  The  lack 
of  preparatory  schools  to  fit  students  for  the 
proper  college  work,  confined  the  work  of  the 
earUer  years  largely  to  elementary  instruction, 
believing  that  the  indefinite  operations  of  a  full 
preparatory  department  would  discourage  the  high 
schools  of  the  state  from  assuming  the  duty  of 
preparatory  instruction,  the  board  of  regents 
dropped  off  tlie  first  year  of  the  preparatory 
course  in  1876,  and  .second  in  1878.  There  re- 
mains accordingly  but  one  sub-freshman  class, 
which  serves  the  useful  purpose  of  supplement- 
ing the  preparatory  \\\nk  of  the  high  schools, 
still  in  many  cases  insufficient.  It  is  confidently 
expected  that  the  effect  of  a  late  act  of  the  leg- 
islature for  the  "  encouragement  of  higher  edu- 
cation," appropriating  a  sum  of  money  to  such 


442 


HTSTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


high  schools  as  will  give  free  Lnstnictiou  m  regu- 
lar and  orderly  coiuse  of  study,  preparatory  to 
the  University  will  within  a  few  years  render 
wholly  nnnecessary  any  preparatory  instruction 
in  the  University,  itself.  The  state  of  Minnesota 
by  virtue  of  their  lienefleent  law  ma}-  possess, 
\\liat  no  state  of  the  Union  is  yet  provided  with, 
a  completed  system  of  free  pul)lie  instruction. 
primary,  secondary  and  superior,  commtm  schools, 
high  schools,  and  the  University  federations  of 
colleges,  all  working  in  harmony. 

The  regents  have  constantly  aimed  to  employ 
as  teachei-s,  men  and  women  of  the  highest  qual- 
ifications available  in  such  number  as  the  finan- 
ces would  allow.  ]N"ext  to  the  instruction  they 
estimate  the  importance  of  the  means  of  instruc- 
tion. They  have  accordingly  expended  liberally 
upon  the  library,  the  chemical  and  other  labora- 
tories, and  upon  the  museum,  all  of  these  estab- 
lishments are  in  a  condition  credil)le  to  an  insti- 
tution and  a  state  so  young.  Tlie  library  is  the 
largest  and  best  in  the  state,  and  is  constantly  in- 
creasing by  careful  purchases  and  by  gifts.  To 
furnish  the  additional  rooms  already  much  needed 
for  the  library,  the  laboratories  and  the  museum, 
as  well  as  to  enlarge  the  facilities  for  the  .scien- 
tific and  industrial  work  of  the  Universitj-.  the 
legislature  of  1881,  made  an  annual  appropria- 
tion of  thirty  thousand  dollars  for  six  years,  to 
be  expended  in  buildings,  furniture,  books  and 
apparatus.  This  legislation  assures  the  develop- 
ment of  the  institution  on  a  scale  commensmate 
with  the  progress  of  the  state,  and  that  of  simi- 
lar institutions  in  iieighbormg  states,  and  it  fur- 
ther proclaims  as  a  matter  beyond  question,  that 
the  people  of  Minnesota  mean  to  pnnide  them- 
selves with  the  amplest  outfit  for  the  higlier  edu- 
cation of  their  youth.  The  peojile.  at  length,  are 
sovereign  in  culture  as  ui  government. 

In  1872,  by  vu-tue  of  an  act  of  the  legislature, 
the  geological  and  natural  history  survey  of  the 
state  was  authorized  and  placed  under  the  charge 
of  the  board  of  regents.  Professor  Xewton  H. 
Winchell  was  employed  as  state  geologist,  and  as 
professor  of  geology  and  mineralogy  in  the  Uni- 
versity. Tor  some  yeai-s  he  contmued  the  work 
of  teaching  in  connection  mth  the  duties  of  the 
sun-ey,  but  the  survey  having  at  length  requii-ed 
so  much  of  the  time,  the  regents. have  been 
obhged  to  reUeve  him  from  instruction.     The 


work  of  this  most  important  enterprise  is  well 
advanced,  and  the  first  volume  of  the  final  report 
is  ready  for  pubUcation.  The  annual  reports  of 
progi-ess  of  the  state  geologist  may  be  foimd  in 
the  annual  reports  of  the  board  of  regents,  be- 
ginning with  that  of  1872.  which  report,  however, 
is  now  unfortunately  out  of  print. 

The  income  of  the  I'niversity  has  not  yet  been 
large  enough  to  warrant  the  board  in  opening  the 
colleges  of  law  and  medicine  named  in  the  char- 
ter. They  have  wisely  considered  it  their  duty 
to  provide  for  the  education  of  the  industrial 
classes,  the  intended  beneficiaries  of  the  laud 
grant  of  1862.  from  which  a  considerable  share  of 
the  revenue  is  derived.  The  branches  of  learn- 
ing related  to  agriculture  and  the  mechanic  arts 
will  be  constantly  and  specially  fostered,  while 
other  classical  and  scientific  studies,  which  the 
law  forbids  to  be  neglected,  will  have  an  honored 
place  in  the  curriculum.  "While  the  majority  of 
the  students  have  always  been  sons  and  daughters 
of  farmers  and  artizans.  tlie  undoubted  fact  that 
but  few  of  them  have  been  willing  to  pursue  the 
regular  industrial  courses  of  study  has  prevented 
the  institution  from  receiving  a  fair  credit  for  her 
industrial  work.  With  the  increased  facilities  for 
instruction  in  agricultiire  and  engineering  in  their 
several  specialties,  it  is  probable  that  there  will 
be  a  larger  number  who  will  desire  to  pui-sue 
technical  courses. 

The  history  of  the  University  of  Minnesota,  like 
that  of  the  maiden  state  history  is  a  brief  one,  but 
enough  has  been  done  by  a  few  individuals  to 
place  the  future  people  of  what  will  soon  be  a 
state  of  imperial  magnitude  and  influence,  mider 
ol)ligations.  It  would  not  be  seemly  to  omit  the 
mention  of  a  few  names  even  in  a  brief  sketch, 
such  as  this.  The  Hon.  John  Nicols,  of  St.  Paul, 
after  seven  years"  continuous  ser\"ice  as  regent 
and  treasurer,  died  hi  187-.  Gen.  H.  II.  Sibley, 
the  first  governor  of  the  state,  already  mentioned 
as  a  member  of  the  territorial  board  has  been  a 
member  of  the  board  under  the  re-organization 
from  the  begLnnmg  and  for  the  past  sixteen  years, 
has  been  president.  His  great  finanacial  experi- 
ence, and  the  high  place  he  deservedly  holds  in 
the  estimation  of  Minnesotians  of  all  creeds  and 
parties,  have  made  him  a  tower  of  strength  to  the 
institution. 

Ex-Gov.  ^\'m.  R.  Marshall,  who  has  been   on 


PIKE'S  INDUSTRIAL  SCHOOL. 


443 


the  board  either  ex-oflScio  or  by  appointment, 
since  1868,  has  been  a  most  faithful  guardian  of 
the  interests  of  the  institution. 

Conspicuous  for  bis  unremitted  activity  and 
wholesouled  devotion  to  the  University,  through 
a  period  of  years  reaching  from  1863  to  tlie  pres- 
ent time,  must  be  mentioned  Gov.  John  S.  Pills- 
bury.  To  say  that  to  liis  labors  and  sacrifices, 
more  than  to  any  other  agencies  tlie  prosperity  of 
the  institution  is  due,  is  merely  to  record  what  is 
everywhere  known  and  aclinowledged. 

Among  members  of  the  faculty  it  is  proper  to 
mention  tlie  names  of  a  few  of  those  senior  pro_ 
fessors  whose  instructions  have  given  just  reputa- 
tion to  the  University  and  secured  the  gratitude  of 
'arge  bodies  of  students  who  have  enjoyed  the 
same. 

Professor  G.  Campbell,  who  in  the  earlier  years 
of  his  service,  gave  most  acceptable  mstruction 
in  the  German  language,  from  the  text  book  of 
which  lie  was  the  author,  was  occupied  later 
with  history,  and  meiital  :uid  moral  sciences. 
Professor  Campbell  was  a  master  of  the  art  of 
teaching,  and  had  the  faculty  of  interesting  all 
his  pupils  in  the  most  abstnise  subjects.  He  re- 
signed his  oflSce  in  1880. 

Professor  J.  Brooks,  1).  1).,  ex-presiilent  of 
HamUne  University,  and  held  in  esteem  amount- 
ing to  reverence,  by  the  alumni  of  that  institu- 
tion, lias  occupied  the  chair  of  Greek  contin- 
uously since  the  beginning  of  college  work 
in  1869.  As  a  veteran  teacher  in  Minnesota  he 
needs  no  eulogy. 

Professor  ~\'ersal  3.  Walker,  entering  the  ser- 
vice of  the  University  at  the  same  time  with  the 
other  officers  mentioned,  died  in  May,  1876.  In 
this  event  the  University  was  deprived  of  a 
teacher  of  extraordinary  gifts,  whose  noble  char- 
acter, and  inspiring  christian  influence  had  en- 
deared to  him  all  his  colleagues  and  students. 

Colonel  William  W.  Folwell,  a  professor  m 
Kenyon  college,  Ohio,  was  elected  president  of 
the  University  in  August,  1869,  and  began  his 
duties  with  the  first  University  faculty  in  the 
following  month.  His  services  have  been  satis- 
factoiy  to  the  board  of  regents  to  the  degree  that 
that  he  has  been  retained  continuously  in  their 
service  to  the  present  time. 

Professor  Pike's  industrial  school  was  organized 
at  the  University  of  Minnesota,  November  13th, 


1880.    It  meets  twice  a  week,  on  Monday  and 
Thursday  evenings.    It  is  under  the  charge  of 
Professor  W.  A.  Pike,  professor  of  engineering  at 
the  University.    Professor  Pike  is  specially  ipial- 
ified  to  conduct  a  school  of  this  character,  bemg 
a  graduate  of   the  Institute    of   Technology  of 
Boston,  and  also  has  been,  for  the  past  nine  years, 
professor  of  engineering  in  the  Maine  State  Col- 
lege.   It  was  suggested  by  him  soon  after  he  came 
to  this  city,  after  becoming  somewhat  acquainted 
with  the  needs  of  Minneapolis,  and  his  instruction 
is  given,  in  addition  to  the  duties  wliich  he  dis- 
charges to  the    University    itself,  gratuitously. 
The  rooms,  lighting,  heating,  and  desks  are  fur- 
nished by  the  University,  and  the  students  furnish 
their  own    books,  tools,  etc.      It    is    intended 
specially  for  mechanics,  to  afford  them  an  opportu- 
nity to  gain  a  knowledge  of  mechanical  drawing, 
that  will  be  useful  to  any  mechanic.    The  utmost 
limit  of  the  class  is  already  reached,  there  being 
sixty  now  enrolled.    The  first  night  it  was  opened 
there  were  forty-seven  applications,  and  new  ap- 
plications are  made  every  evening,  which  cannot 
be  acted  upon  until  vacancies  occur.  The  present 
membership    includes   carpenters,    mill-wrights, 
cabinet-makers,  stone-cutters,  and  surveyors,  and 
some  of  our  liest  mechanics  are  among  them.  The 
class  begins  with  a  series'of  geometrical  problems 
taken  from  tlnee  plates,  which  are  enlarged  to 
hang  upon  the  walls  in  full  view  of  every  student. 
Then  projection  drawings  follow,  and  thereafter 
the  work  is  adapted  to  the  \'arious  occupations, 
one  set  of  plates  being  prepared  for  wood,  and 
another  for  metal  workers.    The  ages  of  the  stu- 
dents range  from  sixteen  to  fifty.    The  success  of 
this  school  has  already  demonstrated  that  there  is 
an  active  demand  for  this  kind  of  instruction  in 
Minnesota,  and  particularly  in  Minneapolis. 

In  this  comiection  it  may  be  stated  that  a  plan 
for  doing  some  kind  of  shop  work  at  the  Univer- 
sity has  been  presented  to  the  board  of  regents 
by  Professor  Pike,  suggested  by  the  Russian  sys- 
tem, which  was  exhibited  at  the  Centenial  in 
specimens  from  the  industrial  schools  of  that 
country.  This  system  has  been  authorized  by  the 
Boston  Institute  of  Technology,  and  the  Maine 
State  College,  and,  briefiy  speaking,  it  is  to  teach 
certain  useful  trades  upon  scientific  principles,  ui 
the  shortest  time  possible. 

Macalester  College    is   the   outgrowth  of  the 


444 


HISTOBT  OF  EENXEFIK  COUNTY. 


Baldwin  school,  incorporated  by  the  legislature 
of  Minnesota,  and  opened  in  June,  1853,  in 
the  citj-  of  St.  Paul.  Its  design  was  not  the 
co-education,  but  the  instruction  of  the  youth  of 
both  sexes  i  the  boys  under  a  male  principal  and 
the  girls  vuider  an  educated  and  accomplished 
woman. 

The  building  intended  for  the  female  depart- 
ment was  of  brick,  and  is  situated  next  to  the 
City  Hall  m  St.  Paul.  It  was  dedicated  with  ap- 
appropriate  exercises,  in  December,  1853,  and  at 
the  time  of  its  completion  was  the  largest  building 
for  educational  purposes  in  Mmnesota.  The  first 
catalogue  of  a  literary  institution  in  Minnesota 
was  issued  in  .January,  1854,  by  this  school.  At 
that  time  the  number  of  pupUs  in  attendance  in 
the  female  department  had  been  forty-three,  and 
in  the  male  department  tAvent\-eight.  a  total  of 
seventj-one.  To  prevent  confusion  and  to  lay 
the  foimdatiou  of  a  college  for  male  youths,  the 
trustees  determined  to  reorganize  the  boys  depart- 
ment as  the  college  of  St.  Paul,  and  the  three- 
story  stone  edifice,  opposite  the  residence  of  W. 
L.  Bauuuig.  in  St.  Paul,  now  the  house  of  the 
Good  Shepherd,  was  erected  for  the  purpose. 

Dming  the  late  civil  war,  for  financial  reasons' 
the  schools  were  suspended,  the  buildings  sold,  and 
the  moneys  mvested,  and  by  an  act  of  the  legisla- 
ture of  1864,  both  schools  were  again  brought  un- 
der one  charter. 

Upon  the  return  of  the  founder,  the  Rev.  Mr- 
Neill,  from  Em-oi^e.  in  1872.  he  began  the  work  of 
reorganization,  and  leased  for  that  purpose,  at  a 
rental  of  twelve  hmidred  doUai-s  per  annum,  the 
large  stone  edifice  buUt  for  a  hotel,  in  the  East 
Division  of  ^Minneapolis.  The  owner  of  the  build- 
ing, the  late  Charles  Macalester  of  Philadelphia, 
was  an  old  famUy  acquaintance  and  neighbor  of 
the  founder,  and  by  his  will,  at  the  suggestion  of 
Mr.  Xeill,  the  buildmg  was  left  to  be  used  or  sold 
for  educational  purposes,  and  the  institution 
named  Macalester  College.  By  an  act  of  the 
legislature  of  1874,  it  was  provided  that  the  Bald- 
win institution  should  be  called  Macalester  Col- 
lege, with  the  proviso  that  the  preparator>-  de- 
partment should  be  known  as  the  Baldwin  school. 

ThLs  school  has  about  thirty  boys  in  attendance, 
and  the  Rev.  R.  Macquesten,  is  the  principal. 

President  jS'eill  has  sent  in  his  resignation  to 
the  trustees,  to  take  effect  whenever  §30,000  is 


raised  for  the  endowment  of  the  presidency,  and 
a  Presbyterian  selected  for  the  otlice.  The  aim 
of  the  institution  is  set  forth  in  the  following  ex- 
tract from  an  address  by  its  founder,  delivered 
at  the  dedication  of  the  Baldwin  school  bunding, 
in  December,  18.53: 

"We  desire  that  the  voice  of  prayer  and  the 
anthem  of  praise  shall  be  heard  in  this  edifice 
each  day  at  the  assembling  or  dismissal  of  the 
pupils,  and  that  the  Holy  Bible  shall  be  known  as 
a  text-book.  The  teachers  who  have  been  em- 
ployed during  the  last  term,  have  belonged  to 
three  different  branches  of  the  Holy  Catholic 
Cliurch,  and  have  given  pleasing  evidence  of  be- 
ing actuated  by  the  same  catholic  spirit. 

"On  the  corporate  seal  of  the  institution  are 
engraved  two  female  figures,  one  in  classic  dra- 
perj-.  telescope  in  hand  and  compass  at  the  feet, 
representing  Science  investigating  the  laws  of  na- 
tiu-e;  the  other  in  sitting  posture  and  modern 
dress,  holding  the  open  word  of  God,  represent- 
ing Revelation.  They  are  in  friendly  converse, 
the  twin  sisters  of  heaven,  as  the  motto  suggests, 
'Xatura  et  Revelatio,  coeU  gemini.' 

"In  the  various  departments  of  the  Baldwin 
school,  natin-e  and  revelation  wUl  never  be  pre- 
sented in  antagonism.  The  laws  that  are  devel- 
oped m  the  study  of  each,  the  teachers  will  en- 
deavor to  prove  to  be  emanations  from  the  same 
Divine  mind.  The  stjle  of  education,  it  is 
hoped,  will  lift  the  pupil  out  of  the  larva  or  grov- 
ehug  state,  and  prepare  for  the  best  society  of 
all  worlds — an  immortal  existence  in  the  king- 
dom of  heaven,  as  the  soaring  butterfly  is  intend- 
ed to  symbolize." 

President  oi  ^lacalester  college.  Rev.  Edward 
Duflield  Xeill ;  principal  of  Bald-nln  school.  Rev. 
Rockwood  Macquesten. 

Trustees:  "William  C.  Baker.  Frederick  W. 
Brooks,  Samuel  Cliute.  MimieapoUs;  Thomas 
Cochran,  Jr.,  Henry  J.  Horn,  Henry  M.  Knox, 
St.  Paid ;  W.  AV.  McXan,  Mimieapolis :  Henry 
L.  Moss,  St.  Paul;  C.  C.  Webster,  Red  Wing; 
Alexander  Ramsey,  St.  Paul ;  FrankUn  Steele, 
(deceased)  Minneapolis ;  H.  Knox  Taylor ;  St. 
Paul;  C.  E.  Vanderburgh,  J.  C.  "OTiitney,  Eugene 
M.  Wilson,  Minneapolis,  president  of  coUege,  ex 
officio. 

The  college  buUduig  is  of  stone,  five  stories 
and  a  half  high,  has  a  g>Tiinasium  40x100  feet, 


BUSINESS  COLLEGES. 


445 


and  accommodations  for  professors  and  one  hun- 
dred students.  The  collegiate  department  will 
not  be  opened  until  two  professorships  are  fully 
endowed ;  and  meanwhile,  the  preparatory  de- 
partment, known  as  the  Baldwin  school,  will  pre- 
pare boys  for  liusiness,  or  any  college,  and  will 
aim  to  be  what  Pliillips  Academy  and  "W'illiston 
Seminary  are  in  Massachusetts.  It  is  the  inten- 
tion to  dispose  of  the  present  edifice,  and  build 
in  the  suburb  between  Minneapolis  and  St.  Paul, 
as  soon  as  possible.    , 

The  Bennett  Seminary  for  young  ladies  was  or- 
ganized in  1870,  by  Mrs.  B.  C.  Bennett,  wlio  was 
connected  with  the  school  until  1877.  Her  place 
was  then  supplied  by  Mrs.  M.  B.  ISIilligan,  with 
Miss  E.  E.  Kenyon  as  assistant  principal.  In 
1880  Mrs.  Milligan  withdrew,  leaving  the  schooj 
in  charge  of  Miss  Kenyon. 

The  seminary  is  located  at  31.5  Tenth  street 
.south.  The  faculty  are:  Miss  E.E.  Kenyon,  princi- 
pal ;  Rev.  Dr.  Eice,  Latin  ;  Miss  Abbott,  Latin  ; 
Miss  Carrie  Ferguson,  first  assistant;  Miss  Mary 
A.  Jacot,  drawing;  Madame  Ilatschek,  French  ; 
Miss  Todd,  German  ;  Miss  Loi  Rice,  music  ;  Miss 
Baldwin,  second  assistant ;  Professor  L.  Brown, 
vocal  music.  Courses  of  lectures  are  deli\'ered  by 
gentlemen  of  high  standing,  whose  names  do  not 
appear  among  the  instructors.  The  tiiistees  and 
directors  are  among  the  leading  citizens  of  Min- 
neapolis. 

Miss  Judson's  school  for  young  ladies  is  located 
at  411  Nicollet  Avenue,  and  was  opened  in  Sep- 
tember, 1879,  with  four  pupils.  Its  success  is, 
however,  assured,  and  at  present  forty-one  pupils 
are  in  attendance.  The  comse  of  study  involves 
a  sub-preparatory  department,  preparatory,  and 
advanced  course,  the  two  latter  contemplating  to- 
gether, six  years'  study.  An  interesting  feature 
is  the  system  of  lectures  uiauguarated  by  Miss 
Judson,  who  is  peculiarly  qualified  both  by  taste 
and  cultivation  for  this  work. 

The  corps  of  instructors  is  made  up  as  follows: 
Miss  Abby  A.  Judson,  literature,  history  and 
rhetoric  ;  Miss  Adeline  Wetherbee,  science  and 
mathematics  ;  Miss  Edith  Wilson,  sub-prepara- 
tory department ;  JVIadame  Ilatschek,  French  ; 
Miss  Todd,  German;  Professor  Lyman  Brown, 
vocal  music. 

Curtiss  Business  College  was  established  in 
1869  by  Prof.  Heniy  Barnard.    In  the   spring 


of  1875,  Prof.  C.  C.  Curtis,  who  had  previously 
been  employed  as  assistant,  purchased  the  entire 
interest,  and  removed  it,  first  to  Bridge  Square, 
and  subsecjuently,  in  the  fall  of  1878,  to  the  pres- 
ent commodious  quarters  in  the  new  college 
block,  Xo.'s  2.51.  25.3  and  2.55  Nicollet  Avenue. 
In  September,  1879,  Prof.  Curtis  opened  hi  St. 
Paul  a  branch  college,  the  exact  counterpart  of 
the  Miimeapolis  institution.  The  faculty  at  Min- 
neapolis consists  of  C.  C.  Curtis,  A.  M.,  president; 
W.  K.  MiUiken  A.  M.,  Charles  T.  Rickard,  D. 
W.  Sprague,  Miss  A.  A.  Noble,  Miss  Kate  Saun- 
ders, William  G.  Smith,  teachers.  The  total 
attendance  during  the  year  1880,  was  232  pupils, 
average  attendance  about  65.  The  course  of 
study  consists  of  a  preparatory  course,  an  elemen- 
tary commercial  course  and  the  advanced  com- 
mercial course. 

The  Archibald  Business  Academy,  located  at 
No.  12  Third  street  north,  was  established  in 
1877  by  Prof.  A.R.Archibald.  The  course  of 
study  is  intended  to  prepare  young  men  and 
women  for  college,  and  for  giving  instruction  in 
penmanship,  book-keeping,  mathematics,  gram- 
mar and  the  business  branches  generally.  About 
sixty  pupils  are  enrolled  as  regular  attendants. 
Miss  S.  A.  Archibald,  superintends  and  teaches 
the  mtermediate  department.  The  principal  is  a 
graduate  of  Dartmonth  college,  and  a  competent 
instructor. 

The  MinneapoUs  Academy,  at  1313  Fourth 
street  south-east,  opened  September  16th,  1879 
with  twenty  pupils,  and  two  teachers.  The  de- 
sign of  the  institution  is  to  occupy  a  middle 
groiuid  between  the  district  schools  and  the  uni- 
versity. The  academy  has  established  the  fol- 
lowing courses :  a  business  course,  a  teacher's 
course,  a  university  preparatory  course,  and  an 
academic  course,  the  latter  divided  into  Latin, 
French,  German,  and  English  divisions.  It  has 
four  regular  instructors,  all  college  graduates, 
and  one  monitor,  who  is  strictly  an  officer  of  dis- 
cipline. Faculty:  Charles  Davidson,  A.  M.  prin- 
cipal and  master  in  English,  German  and  Greek; 
Hannah  Amelia  Davidson,  A.  B.,  principal  and 
master  in  Latin,  French  and  English  literature; 
John  T.  Marvin,  A.  M.,  B.  D.,  master  in  normal 
work,  and  business  department;  William  A. 
Noyes,  A.  B..  B.  S.,  master  in  mathematics,  and 
natural  sciences. 


446 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Sexeral  convents  and  parochial  schools  are  so 
intimately  associated  \vith  the  churches  by  which 
they  are  directed  that  mention  of  them  is  reserved, 
and  will  be  found  under  the  clnu-ches  to  which 
they  owe  their  existence  and  patronage. 

Angfslnu-g:  Seniinar\-  of  the  Norwegian  Danish 
EvangeUcal  Lutheran  Church.  In  1869,  Augs- 
burg Semuiary  was  organized  as  a  theological 
school  at  Marshall.  Dane  county.  "Wisconsin,  un- 
der the  auspices  of  the  Aiigustana  synod,  with 
Prof.  Weenaas  as  president.  Hardly  had  the  pro- 
fessors begun  to  feel  at  home,  when  a  division  in 
the  synod  occurred  which  materially  changed  the 
order  of  things.  A  meeting  of  the  dissenting 
ones  was  held  at  St.  Ansgar.  Mitchell  coimty, 
Iowa,  in  August,  1870,  which  resulted  in  the  or- 
ganization of  the  "Norsk  Dansk  Conference," 
which  uidependent  action  lost  to  them  all  right 
of  property  in  the  buildings  at  Marshall.  A  new 
organization  under  the  old  name  was  then  effected 
under  the  auspices  of  the  new  conference  and  at 
a  meeting  held  at  Madison.  Wisconsin,  in  Janu- 
ary, 1S71,  it  was  resolved  to  procure  new  build- 
ings, and  the  cities  of  Madison,  and  Minneapolis, 
Minnesota,  were  discussed  as  desirable  locations 
for  the  seminaiT. 

In  June.  1871.  the  conference  held  its  firet  reg- 
ular meeting  at  ilinneapolis.  It  was  then  re- 
solved that  their  buildings  should  be  erected  here 
and  steps  were  at  once  taken  for  the  speedy  prose- 
cution of  the  work.  Private  subscriptions  in  land, 
money,  etc.,  were  obtained  to  the  amount  of 
§4,700,  and  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year  building 
was  commenced.  At  first  one  structure  40x.52 
feet,  tliree  stories  high,  was  erected,  which  was 
ready  for  occupancy  in  the  fall  of  1872,  when 
president  "Weenaas  removed  his  institution  to  the 
new  building.  lie  had  in  the  meantime  occupied 
rented  buildings  at  Marehall.  In  1874  the  main 
building  was  commenced  and  finished  the  follow- 
ing year;  it  is  four  stories,  113x52  feet,  veneered 
with  brick,  and  is  a  tasty  and  imposing  struetiu'e. 
A  building  60x38,  the  residence  of  the  professors, 
erected  on  the  grounds,  was  also  completed  the 
same  year.  President  "Weenaas  had  visited  Nor- 
way theprevious  year  and  brought  back  with  him 
on  his  return,  Prof.  S.  Oftedal,  to  whose  energy 
and  progressive  mind  is  largely  due  the  speedy 
completion  of  Augsburg.  In  1874  two  important 
additions  were  made  to  the  faculty  in  the  per- 


sons of  S.  E.  Gunnerson  and  George  Sverdrup,who 
arrived  from  Norway  in  the  fall  of  that  year. 
About  this  time  the  institution  was  changed  from 
being  a  theological  seminary  oiily,  by  the  addition 
of  a  preparatory  course  and  a  Greek  course  of 
four  years. 

In  1876,  President  Weenaas  severed  his  con- 
nection with  the  Seminary  and  returned  to  Nor- 
way. At  the  meeting  of  the  annual  conference. 
Prof.  Sverdrup  was  elected  president,  which  po- 
sition he  still  honorably  fiH^,  On  his  assuming 
the  presidency,  he  found  an  indelitedness  which 
in  1877,  amounted  to  816,000,  when  it  was  deter- 
mined to  raise  money  for  its  licjuidation.  Prof. 
Oftedal  being  president  of  the  board  of  trustees, 
was  appointed  to  raise  the  money.  Committees 
were  appointed  in  all  churches  of  tlie  Norsk 
Dansk  Conference  in  this  and  adjoining  states, 
and  by  January,  1878,  820,000  in  cash  had  been 
paid  in.  Tlie  debt  was  paid,  and  the  surplus  was 
used  in  the  purchase  of  grounds  for  present  use. 

In  1872,  when  the  Seminary  was  first  opened,the 
roster  showed  the  names  of  twenty-four  stiulents, 
m  187-5,  it  showed  one  hiuidred,  which  is  its 
greatest  capacity.  Efforts  are  now  making  to 
create  an  endowment  fund  and  increase  the  fa- 
cilities of  the  institution. 

It  is  under  the  direction  of  President  Sverdrup 
and  Professors  Oftedal  and  Gmmerson,  assisted 
by  two  teachers,  one  each  as  instructor  in  the 
English  and  Norwegian  languages.  The  build- 
ing and  grounds  valued  at  §40,000  are  located  in 
South  MinneapoUs,  corner  of  Seventh  street  and 
Twentieth  Avenue  south. 

Kindergarten  Schools.  Mrs.  E.  It.  Ilolbrook 
opened  the  first  Kindergarten  school  in  the  city, 
in  1875,  with  about  twelve  pupils,  whose  ages 
varied  from  four  to  eight  years.  The  school  was 
located  on  Seventh  street,  between  Nicollet  and 
First  Avenues.  The  school  increased  under  Mrs. 
Holbrook"s  management,  rendering  another 
teacher  necessary.  The  number  of  schools  has 
now  increased  to  four,  three  of  which  require 
tuition  fees  for  instruction  and  one  is  a  charita- 
ble institution  conducted  by  Mrs.  Ilolbrook.  The 
whole  number  of  pupils  is  now  about  sixty-two, 
divided  among  different  schools.  Miss  Annie  L. 
Couchman,  conducts  one  of  the  branches  at  227 
Sixth  street  south;  she  has  about  eighteen  pupils, 
and  has  been  teaching  three  years. 


SECRET  SOCIETIES. 


447 


Miss  Lizzie  Stevenson  at  number  80  Eighth 
street  lias  about  eighteen  pupils.  Mrs.  Holbrook 
on  Franklin  Avenue,  has  a  school  of  sixteen  be- 
sides the  charity  pupils. 

The  Frobel  branches  are  taught  viz;  sewing, 
weaving,  drawing,  stick  and  slat  laying,  modeling 
in  clay,  peas  work,  paper  folding  and  perforating. 
Half  an  hour  each  day  is  spent  in  games  with 
singing  and  dancing.  In  addition  to  all  this,  the 
little  ones  are  instructed  orally  in  French  and 
German. 


CHAPTER  LXX. 


ORDER  OF  ODD  FELLOWS — JCNIGHTS  OF  PYTHIAS 
—  DRUIDS— A.  O.  TJ.  W.— KNIGHTS  OF  HONOR 
— MISCELLANEOUS  SOCIETIES. 

Schiller  Encampment,  No.  5,  was  instituted 
November  24th,  1869,  with  seven  members  and 
the  following  officers :  Chief  Patriarch,  Wm. 
Duhnke ;  High  Priest,  Adolph  Sieber;  Senior 
Warden,  August  Ende ;  R.  S.  and  F.  S.,  C.  II. 
Blecken;  Treasurer,  Neil  Frederichs.  The  pres- 
ent membership  is  forty-nine.  They  meet  on  the 
second  and  fourth  Wednesdays  of  each  month,  at 
their  hall  in  Loring's  block,  Nos.  17  and  19  Sec- 
ond street  south,  and  are  presided  over  by  the 
following  officers:  C.  P.,  Conrad  Peters;  II.  P. 
C.  V.  Spiegel;  S.  R.,  George  Leveffert;  J.  W.,  J, 
H.  Roth;  R.  S.  and  F.  S.,  Joseph  Keryman; 
Treasurer,  Henry  Wacks. 

Robert  Blum  Lodge,  No.  21,  was  mstituted 
May  21st,  1868.  The  charter  members  numbered 
only  seven,  and  were  governed  by  the  following 
officers:  N.  G.,  August  Ende;  V.  G.,  Rudolph 
Sieber;  R.  S.  and  F.  S.,  Wm.  Duhnke;  Treasurer, 
Mathias  Nathaker.  The  membership  has  in- 
creased to  one  hundred  and  forty-seven,  and  the 
lodge  meets  every  Monday  evening  at  its  hall  in 
Loring's  block,  Nos.  17  and  19  Second  street 
south.  Present  officers  are  :  N.  G.,  Herman 
Westphal;  V.  G.,  Conrad  Peters;  R.  S.,  Emil  von 
Kiester;  F.  S.,  Frank  Wacks;  Treasurer,  J.  D. 
Meyer. 


St.  Anthony  Lodge,  No.  40,  was  instituted  May 
16th,  1873,  with  the  following  officers:  N.  G.,  C. 
W.  Lane  ;  V.  G.,  C.  H.  Connor  ;  Recording  .and 
financial  secretary,  L.  W.  Valentine;  treasurer, 
Baldwin  Brown.  This  lodge  was  organized  with 
with  but  ten  charter  members,  and  now  has  one 
hundred  and  six.  Meetings  are  held  at  the  lodge 
rooms.  No.  208  Central  Avenue,  every  Friday 
evening.  The  officers  are:  N.  G.,  G.  B.  Foster; 
V.  G.,  Charles  Hart;  R.  S.,  J.  B.  Tinklepangh ; 
P.  S.,  Fred  H.  Gowen;  Treasurer,  Solomon  Gray. 

Union  Encampment  No.  14,  was  instituted 
November  2d,  1874,  with  twenty  charter  mem- 
bers; the  present  membership  is  about  fifty-two. 
Present  officers;  C.  P.,  Geo.  W.  Drake;  H.  P.,  H. 
S.  Patten;  S.  W.,  Louis  Wilhams;  scribe,  J.  E. 
Boyden;  treasurer,  A.  C.  Peters.  Meetings  sec- 
ond and  fourth  Mondays  of  each  month  over 
Northwestern  Bank.  This  society  is  in  a  flourish- 
ing condition. 

Fraternity  Lodge,  No.  62,  was  instituted  Au- 
gust 31st,  1877,  with  thirteen  charter  members 
and  the  following  officers:  N.  G.,  H.  S.  Patten; 
V.  G.,  J.  E.  Boyden  ;  R.  S.,  A.  C.  Peters;  P.  S., 
James  Campbell;  Treasurer,  A.  T.  Green.  The 
membership  has  increased  to  eighty-one,  and 
the  lodge  meets  every  Friday  evening  over  the 
Northwestern  National  Bank.  The  officers  are: 
N.  G.,  H.  S.  Patten;  V.  G.,  Lewis  WilUams  ;  R. 
S.,  P.  O.  Bean;  P.  S.,  A.  C.  Peters;  Treasurer,  J. 
E.  Boyden. 

The  Odd  Fellows  Battalion  was  organized  from 
members  of  the  various  encampments  of  this 
city,  and  its  object  is  to  perfect  its  members  in 
the  drill.  The  officers  are:  C.  W.  Smith,  captain; 
J.  A.  Smith,  assistant  captain;  J.  E.  Boyden, 
secretary  and  treasurer. 

Stella  Lodge,  No.  3,  Daughters  of  Rebekah, 
was  Instituted  November  17th,  1869,  with  twenty- 
one  charter  members,  and  at  one  time  numbered 
forty-seven.  September  18th,  1878,  it  surren- 
dered its  charter.  At  that  time  the  officers  were: 
N.  G.,  A.  Cantieny;  V.  G.,  Mrs.  W.  B.  Hawley; 
R.  S..  A.  C.Peters;  F.  S.,  Mrs.  C.  J.  Wooley; 
treasurer,  Mrs.  E.  A.  Stevens. 

Minne-ha-ha  Lodge,  No.  13,  Daughters  of  Re- 
bekah, instituted  November  13th,  1878,  with  nine- 
teen charter  members,  now  numbers,  twenty- 
eight.      The    lodge    meets    the  first  and  third 


448 


HISTOBT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Wednesdays  of  each  month  at  its  hall,  No.  208 
Central  Avenue.  The  officers  are:  K.  G.,  Mrs. 
G.  B.Foster;  V.  G.,  Mrs.  C.  E.  Ilaynes;  R.  S., 
Mrs.  S.  F.  Stanley;  P.  S.,  Mrs.  Viola  Stanley; 
ti-easiurer,  Mrs.  M.  L.  Greenway.  The  first  offi- 
cers of  the  lodge  were:  N.  G.,  C.  C.  Hurd,  V. 
G.,  Mrs.  Mola  Stanley;  R.  S.,  Mrs.  C.  E.  Haynes; 
P.  S.,  Mrs.  Mary  Shepherd;  treasurer,  Mrs.  M. 
L.  Greenway. 

KNIGHTS  OF  PYTHIAS. 

Minneapolis  Lodge,  No.  1,  Knights  of  Pythias, 
was  instituted  July  11th,  1870,  by  Samuel  Read, 
Supreme  Chancellor.  The  first  officers  were : 
David  Royal.  C.  C;  Ed.  A.  Stevens,  V.  C;  A. 
Leroy  Fenalson,  K.  R.  S.  From  but  seventeen 
members  the  lodge  has  grown  to  one  hmidred  and 
three,  governed  by  C.  C,  W.  E.  Geirish ;  V.  C, 
O.  A.  Fultz  ;  K.  R.  S.,  Andrew  J.  Hart ;  M.  E., 
David  Royal.    They  meet  Fridays. 

Eureka  Lodge,  No.  2,  St.  Anthony,  was  insti- 
tuted August  30th,  1870,  with  nineteen  charter 
members.  The  officers  were:  C.  C,  0.  E.  Phelps; 
V.  C,  A.  J.  Meachani ;  K.  R.  S.,  E.  R.  Newman. 
In  1873,  it  snrrenderf  d  its  charter,  and  most  of 
the  members  joined  local  lodges. 

Germania  Lodge,  No.  4,  organized  July  10th, 
1871,  with  ten  charter  members.  C.  C,  F.  D. 
Conrad  ;  V.  C,  G.  Boehme  ;  K.  R.  S.,  U.  Oswald. 
The  membership  has  mcreased  to  fifty- five 
with  the  following  officers:  C.  C,  Charles 
Figgs  ;  Y.  C,  F.  Reimer  ;  K.  R.  S.,  F.  Frederick: 
M.  E.,  C.  Goehringer.    They  meet  Tuesdays. 

Damon  Lodge,  No.  5,  was  mstituted  August 
30th.  1S71,  with  fifteen  charter  members.  C.  C, 
J.  J.  Lynn;  Y.  C,  Edwin  Phillips;  K.  R.  S.,  L. 
P.  Plummer.  The  members  now  number  twenty- 
four,  officered  by  :  C.  C,  C.  G.  Yan  Vert ;  V.  C, 
Ariel  C.  Harris;  K.  R.  S.,  J.  IL  Ileisser;  M.  E., 
Byron  Sutherland.  The  lodge  meets  the  second 
and  fourth  Mondays  of  each  month. 

Scandia  Lodge,  No.  6,  was  organized  Novem- 
ber 21st,  1871,  with  eight  charter  members.  The 
first  officers  were  :  C.  C,  A.  R.  Olson  ;  Y.  C,  O. 
C.  Michaelson ;  K.  R.  S.,  Andrew  Rundy.  The 
membership  is  now  one  hundred  and  sixteen,  and 
the  officers  are :  C.  C,  Nicholas  Dahl ;  Y.  C, 
Gustavus  Johnson;  K.  R.  S.,  M.  J.  Harlin;  M. 
E.,  H.  O.  Peterson.    Hold  meetings  Thursdays. 

Hermion  Lodge,  No.  18,  organized  ]\Iarch  25th, 
1878,  with  119  members.    Officers  :  C.  C.  F.  S. 


McDonald;  Y.  C,  A.  T.  Allen;  K.  R.  S.,  Selah 
Matthews.  The  members  now  number  132,  with 
otticers  as  follows:  C.  C,  W.  B.  Jones;  V.  C, 
J.  AV.  Tomm  ;  K.  R.  S.,  George  R.  Seaton  ;  M.  E., 
J.  W.  jNIarshall.  Meets  on  Mondays.  The  Grand 
Lodge  meets  annually  at  Minneapolis,  on  the  sec- 
ond Tuesday  in  February. 

This  order  has  organized  various  endowment, 
mutual  benefit  and  building  associations.  Of 
these,  the  following  are  the  most  prominent; 
'•  Knights  of  Pythias  Mutual  Benefit  Associa- 
tion"  was  organized  June  6th,  1876.  Its  object 
is  mutual  or  co-operative  life  insurance.  The 
present  officers  are  George  11.  West,  president; 
H.  A.  Hopper,  vice-president ;  Ezra  B.  Ames, 
secretary  ;  George  H.  Johnson,  treasurer ;  A.  H. 
Salisbury,  medical  director.  •'  Knights  of  Pythias 
Hall  Association  ""  was  incoi-porated  May  27th, 
1879,  with  Ed.  A.  Stevens,  president;  C.  Goe- 
hringer and  AV.  R.  Christianson,  vice-president ; 
Selah  jSIathews,  secretary ;  F.  S.  ISIcDonald, 
treasurer.  This  association  was  created  for  the 
purpose  of  building  or  leasins^  a  hall  and  trans- 
acting business  connected  therewith.  The  direc- 
tors were  chosen  from  the  different  lodges  con- 
nected with  it,  in  proportion  of  one  director  for 
each  share  held  by  lodges.  It  now  has  about 
$25,000  invested.  The  officers  are  Ed.  A.  Ste- 
vens, president ,  C.  Goehringer  and  A.  C.  Brand, 
vice-presidents;  M.J.  Harlin.  secretary;  H.  M. 
^lartin.  treasurer.  "  Endowment  Rank,  " 
Knights  of  Pythias,  section  No.  88,  was  created 
January  26th,  1878.  In  the  first  class,  which 
pays  a  benefit  of  §1,000  at  the  death  of  a  mem- 
ber, there  is  in  the  United  States,  a  memberehip 
of  11,532,  and  in  the  second  class,  which  pays 
$2,000,  15.652.  Tlie  officers  of  the  section  are 
president,  W.  B.  Jones  ;  vice-president,  Andrew 
AV^alstad;  chaplain,  R.  L.  AVarner;  secretary  and 
treasurer.  Ezra  B.  Ames ;  guide,  J.  B.  Moore ; 
guard,  Isaac  Harrison ;  sentuiel  A.  H.  Edsten. 
The  organization  known  as  the  "Minneapolis 
Ejiights  of  Pythias  Drill  Corps,''  was  formed 
November  30th,  1880,  for  the  purpose  of  perfec- 
ting its  members  in  the  use  of  the  sword,  and 
other  military  evolutions.  The  officers  are  B.  F. 
Cole,  captain ;  A.  C.  Harris,  first  lieutenant ;  J. 
AV.  Taun.  second  lieutenant ;  Olmendinger, 
standard  bearer ;  Ezra  B.  Ames,  secretary ;  M. 
J.  Harlin,  treasurer. 


SECRET  SOCIETIES. 


449 


UNITED  ANCIENT    ORDER  OF   DRUIDS. 

The  objects  of  the  United  Ancient  Order  of 
Druids  are  the  diffusion  of  social  and  intellectual 
intercourse  among  all  its  members,  and  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  system  of  general  philanthropy  and 
benevolence,  by  providing  for  the  sick  and  dis- 
tressed, and  the  interment  of  its  deceased  mem- 
bers throughout  the  U.  A.  O.  D.  The  Grand 
Grove  of  the  state  of  Mimiesota,  V.  A.  O.  D.,  re- 
cognizes no  grove  or  groves  but  such  as  shall  con- 
form, and  agree  to  establish,  or  have  already  es- 
tablished a  fund  for  tlie  purpose  of  supporting  its 
members  during  sickness,  for  the  relief  of  the  dis- 
tressed, for  the  burial  of  the  dead,  and  for  giving 
aid  to  the  viidows  and  orphans  of  its  deceased 
members. 

Minne-ha-ha  Grove,  No.  8,  was  instituted  March 
16,  1874,  with  thirteen  members,  who  have  in- 
creased to  fifty-five.  Tlie  regular  meetings  are 
held  at  Druids  Hall,  IJridge  square,  every  Tliurs- 
day  evenmg.  The  officers  are:  P.  A.,E.  P.  L. 
Blecken  ;  N.  A.,  Fred  llunner ;  V.  A.,  Peter  Noel; 
R.  S.,  A.  L.  Sump  ;  F.  S.,  J.  A.  Gilman ;  T.,  J. 
A.  Maul;  C,  L.  Annueller;  J.  S.  G.,  August 
Lanclmer ;  O.  S.  G.,  J.  M.  Jolinson.  Bards;  P. 
Prederichs,  E.  H.  B.  to  N.  A.;  John  Navratill, 
L.  H.  B.  to  N.  A.;  Bernhard  Hunt,  R.  II.  B.  to 
V.  A.;  A.  G.  Sheffer,  L.  II.  B.  to  V.  A. 

Eintracht  Grove,  No.  14,  was  instituted  March 
1876,  with  thirty-three  charter  members.  The 
present  membersliip  is  tifty-seven,  and  hold 
their  regular  meetings  on  Monday  evening  of 
each  week,  at  Druids  Hall,  Bridge  square. 
The  oflBcers  are:  P.  A.,  Ed  Pisclier;  N.  A.,  H. 
Buckendorf;  V.  A.,  August  Siebert;  R.  S.,  John 
Bahr;  T.,  I.  Monasch ;  G.,  C.  Fust;  J.  G.,  P. 
Hecki-ich  ;  O.  G.,  Alex  Honigschmidt. 

Mistletoe  Grove  No.  17,  was  organized  June 
5th,  1878,  witli  twenty-nine  charter  members. 
Tlie  membership  is  now  thirty-four,  and  the 
grove  meets  Wednesdays  at  its  hall.  No  220  Nic- 
ollet Avenue.  The  officers  are:  N.  A.,  H.  M. 
Martin;  Y.  A.,  J.  P.  McLaughlin;  secretary,  Pe- 
ter Schissler. 

Pritzhof  Grove,  No.  18,  was  instituted  in  Sep- 
tember, 1878,  with  fifty  members.  This  grove 
now  numbers  forty-five  members  wlio  meet  every 
Friday  everdng  at  Swede  Brothers"  Hall,  No.  220 

Nicollet  Avenue.    The  present  officers  are:  D. 
29 


D.  G.  A.,  P.  Osander;  P.  A.,  H.  Mortrud;  N.  A., 
C.  B.  Johnson;  B.  A.,  O.  Dulheim;  K.  S.,  P. 
Osander;  P.  S.,  G.  J.  Swan;  treasurer,  Gustave 
Lundell;  Con.,  C.  A.  Howard;  I.  G.,Fred  Peter- 
son; O.  G.,  Peterson;  Bards,  Peter  Knudtson,  R. 
H.  B.  to  N.  A.;  N.  E.  Colsti'om,  L.  H.  B.  toN. 
A.;  O.  Malabo,  R.  II.  B.  to  V.  A.;  C.  O.  Swan- 
son,  L.  H.  B.  to  V.  A. 

A.  o.  u.  w. 

Advance  Lodge,  No.  6,  was  organized  Decem- 
ber 4th,  1876,  with  thirty-six  charter  members. 
The  present  membersliip  in  good  standing  is 
sixty-one.  Officers:  P.  W.  M.,  O.  M.  Greely;  W. 
M.,  D.  W.  Egan;  P.,  H.  R.  FaiT;  O.,  J.  G.  Bugbee; 
R.,  G.  W.  Fox;  P.,  E.  D.  Blodgett;  receiver,  A. 
M.  Alden.  They  meet  Wednesdays  at  their  hall 
No.  214  Hennepin  Avenue. 

Minneapolis  Lodge  No.  12  was  organized  April 
9th,  1877.  It  meets  Thursdays  at  No.  214  Hen- 
nepin Avenue.  Tlie  present  officers  are:  P.  W. 
M.,  Seth  Emerson;  W.  M.,L.  A.  Condit;  G.  F., 
J.  V.  Bailiff;  O.,  Albert  Knox;  R.,  E.  B.  Ames; 
P.,  W.  W.  Poole;  receiver,  J.  H.  Ege;  G.,  B.  De- 
venbeck;  I.  W.,  J.  Lunsden;  O.  W.,  D.  P.  Dela- 
mater;  representative  to  Grand  Lodge.  Selah 
Matthews;  trustees,  H.  J.  Hanis,  Selah  Mat- 
thews and  J.  H.  Ege. 

Star  Lodge,  No.  13,  was  organized  May  7th, 
1877,  with  forty-one  charter  members.  The 
largest  membership  at  any  one  time  was  seventy- 
nine.  They  now  number,  in  good  standing, 
fifty-six,  and  meet  every  Tuesday  evening  at 
their  hall.  No.  214  Hennepin  Avenue.  The  pres- 
ent officers  are:  P.  W.  M.,  S.  C.  Lahatte;  W.  M., 
W.  B.  Hill ;  P.,  J.  C.  Wilson  ;  O.,  J.  P.  Allaire; 
R.  S.,  E.  C.  Cauvet;  P.  S.,  G.  S.  Boyd;  R.,  J.  H. 
McConnell. 

Hennepin  Lodge,  No.  15,  was  organized  on  the 
21st  day  of  May,  1877,  with  thirty-nine  charter 
members.  Tliis  number  increased,  and  now  the 
lodge  has  forty-six,  all  of  whom  are  Scandmavi- 
ans.  Meetings  are  held  Fridays,  at  No.  214  Hen- 
nepin Avenue.  The  officers  are:  P.  W.  M.,  T. 
Hanson;  AV.  M.,  John  Peterson;  G.  P.,  E.  New- 
man; O.,  S.  Mahla;  P.,  John  F.Peterson;  Re- 
ceiver, C,  G.  Kinney;  R.,  Chas.  Jolmson;  I.  W., 

E.  Freno;  O.  W\,  C.  J.  Berg;  G.,  J.  O.  Ness. 
Nicollet  Lodge,  No.   16,  was  organized  May 

22d,   1877,  with  forty  charter   members.      The 


4a0 


BISTOBY  OF  EENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


membership  at  present  is  sixtj-oue.  out  of  which 
but  two  deaths  have  occurred,  since  organization. 
The  present  officers  are:  P.  AV.  il.,  J.  AV.  ilur- 
phy  ;  W.  M..  T.  G.  Salisbuiy  :  G.  F.,  :M.  Co^ill : 
O.,  ^y.  M.  Dowlin  ;  K.,  O.  M.  Keed  ;  F..  J.  W. 
Smith:  Rec.  Isaac  Cheney:  G..  S.  C.  Brown:  I. 
W..  B.  Huber:  O.  W..  C.  E.  Harris. 

Among  the  objects  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  is  to 
improve  the  moral,  intellectual  and  social  condi- 
tion of  its  members,  and  to  create  a  fimd  for 
their  benefit  during  sickness,  and  in  case  of  death 
to  pay  a  stipulated  sum  to  such  pereon  or  persons 
as  may  have  been  de.signated  by  deceased. 

KNIGHTS  OF  HONOR. 

This  order  is  a  secret  benevolent  society,  com- 
posed of  a  supreme,  grand,  and  subordinate 
lodges,  wliich  was  established  in  1873,  by  per- 
sons who  felt  that  the  methods  of  relief  to  fami- 
lies of  deceased  membei-s.  as  adopted  by  other 
orders,  was  deficient.  They  believed  that  an 
order  founded  with  one  of  its  main  oljjects  to 
pay  a  death  l)enefit.  would  meet  with  approval 
and  success.  The  objects  of  the  order  are  briefly 
stated  by  the  Grand  Lodge  to  be  :  To  unite  ft-a- 
ternally  all  acceptable  wliite  men  of  every  pro- 
fession, business  or  occupation;  to  give  all  moral 
and  material  aid  in  its  power  to  members  of  the 
order,  by  holding  moral,  instructive  and  scientific 
lectures,  Ijy  encouraging  each  other  in  business, 
and  by  assisting  one  another  to  find  employment; 
to  estabUsh  a  benefit  fmid,  from  which  a  sum 
not  to  exceed  S2.000.  shall  be  paid,  at  the  death 
of  a  member,  to  his  family,  or  to  be  disposed  of 
as  he  may  direct;  to  establish  a  fimd  for  the  re- 
lief of  sick  or  distressed  members. 

Mmueapolis  Lodge,  Xo.  587,  was  organized 
April  16th,  1877.  Its  oflicere  are:  P.  D.— I.  Mc- 
Naii-.  D.— D.  L.  Pratt:  Y.  D.— E.  G.  Barnaby; 
A.  D.— Fred  Bidlis;  R.  AV.  Cheney;  F.  K.— S. 
M.  Spaukliag;  C— P.  II.  Smith;  Guide— E.  C. 
Cauvet;  G.— William  "Walker;  S.— J  as.  Tyler; 
M.  E.— G.  A.  Land,  M.  D.;  Trustees,  Isaac  Mc- 
Nair,  George  H.  Simpson  and  P.  II.  Smith. 

Another  lodge  was  organized  :March  23,  1881, 
with  forty-seven  charter-members,  ^\'ith  C.  VT. 
Clauson  P.  D.,  and  J.  X.  Cross,  Treasurer. 

A3LERICAN  LEGION  OF  HONOR. 

Korthwest  Council,  Xo.  113,  of  Minneapolis, 
was  organized  March  6th.  1880.    The  object  of 


the  order  is  to  unite  fraternally  aU  persons  of 
somid  health  and  good  moral  character  who  are 
socially  acceptable,  and  between  the  ages  of  eigh- 
teen and  sixty-five  years,  and  to  generally  benefit, 
aid  and  assist  its  members,  intellectually  and  pe- 
cimiarily.  The  officers  are  :  C,  Isaac  McXair, 
Y.  C,  ^y.  E.  Cray  :    O.,  J.  Xewton  Xuid  :  S.,  T. 

F.  Stark;  C,  L.  F.  Longbrake;  T.,  A.  B.  Hush; 
Chap..  D.  H.  McPhersou;  G..  Fred  BuUis  :  W., 
Albert  Ashenden  ;  Sentry,  J.  W.  Ellis  :  M.  E.,  S. 
M.  Spaulding,  M.  D.;  A.  M.  E.,  Otis  M.  Hum- 
phreys, M.  D.;  Trustees,  J.  H.  McCUiitten,  J.  E. 
Seeley,  and  O.  J.  Griffith.  The  order  is  incorpo- 
rated by  the  commonwealth  of  Massachusetts, 
and  has  In  the  United  States  a  membership  of 
65,000.  Three  hundred  lodges  were  instituted 
dming  the  past  year. 

Grand  Order  of  the  Orient.  Assumption  coun- 
cil was  organized  in  February,  1880.  It  is  a  ben- 
eficiary society,  goveniedby  the  following  officere: 
Grand  Orient,  <i.  II.  Huntington ;  Vice  Grand 
Orient,  R.  S.  Nellis;  Grand  Servant.  M.  Tyson; 
Secretary,  W.  B.  Jones. 

Herman  Sous.  This  organization  was  founded 
February  2oth,  1879.  It  is  a  benevolent  and  bene- 
ficiary society,  for  the  purpose  of  relieving  sick 
and  distressed  membere.  who.  in  case  of  sickness, 
draw  five  doUare  per  week,  and  deceased  mem- 
bers are  bm-ied  at  the  expense  of  the  society.  The 
officers  are  :  president,  August  Schwarm :  vice- 
president.  A.  Paegel :  treasurer.  Fred  Xoeren- 
berg ;  secretary,  Fred  Tegeler. 

The  Society  of  Swedish  Brothers  was  organized 
Xovemljer  26th.  1876.  with  eight  members.  At 
the  first  meeting,  ilr.  P.  Osander.  the  foimder  of 
the  society,  presided.  Its  object  is  to  relieve  its 
membere  in  sickness  and  distress:  is  a  secret 
mutual  benefit  association,  and  pays  weekly  bene- 
flte  to  sick  members,  and  defrays  the  funeral  ex- 
I)enses  of  deceased  members.  It  has  a  member- 
ship at  present  of  ninety-five.  It  meets  every  3Ion- 
day  evening  at  No.  220  Nicollet  Avenue.  The 
officers  are,  president,  Fred.  Petereon :  vice-presi- 
dent, F.  P.  Korpe  ;  recording  secretary,  J.  Fredall; 
corresponding  secretary,  P.  Osander ;    treasurer, 

G.  Lundell. 

Minneapolis  Independent  Order  of  Free  Insur- 
ance, was  organized  July  loth.  1880.  with  twenty 
membere.  It  is  a  benevolent  society,  the  family 
of  each  member    receiving  §1,000  at  his  death. 


BENEVOLENT  SOCIETIES. 


451 


Meetings  are  held  at  the  Synagogue  on  Fifth 
street,  between  First  and  Second  Avenues  south. 
There  are  now  twenty-six  members.  The  officers 
are :  president,  G.  L.  Levi ;  vice-president,  II. 
Rothschild ;  recordmg  secretary,  M.  Levi ;  finan- 
cial secretary,  A.  Mikslas;  treasurer,  E.  Bern- 
stein ;  trustees,  L.  Werth  and  Ealpli  Rees. 

B'nai  B'rith  ;  Minneapolis  Lodge  No.  27,  I.  O. 
B.  B.,  was  organized  February  25th,  1877,  having 
twenty-three  members.  The  family  of  eacli 
member  receives  ^1,000  at  his  death.  Meetings 
are  held  the  first  and  third  Sunday  of  each 
month  at  the  Synagogue.  The  officers  are;  pres- 
ident, J.  S.  Skoll ;  vice-president,  J.  Kohn ;  re- 
cording secretary,  R.  Rees;  financial  secretary, 
M.  Benson ;  treasurer,  G.  Rees. 

Brotherhood  of  I.iocomotive  Engmeers.  This 
is  an  order  of  locomotive  engineers,  organized  first 
at  Detroit,  Michigan,  August  17,  1863,  as  the 
"Brotherhood  of  the  Foot-l)oard,"  and  reorganized 
at  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  August  17,  1864,  under 
the  present  title.  It  was  revised  at  Boston,  Mas- 
sachusetts, October,  1877,  and  now  lias  in  the 
United  States  a  membersliip  of  10,000.  Its  object 
is  to  elevate  the  standing  of  members  as  engineers 
and  their  characters  as  men.  Minne-ha-ha  Lodge 
of  the  Brotlierhood  of  locomotive  Engineers,  Min- 
neapolis division.  No.  180,  was  organized  in  1874. 
They  meet  at  Druids'  Hall,  Market  square,  the 
second  and  fourth  Sundays  of  eacli  montli.  The 
present  officers  are,  D.  G.  Thompson,  chief  en- 
gineer ;  R.  Althouse,  secretary ;  II.  J.  Lobdell, 
treasurer. 

Society  of  St.  John  the  Baptist.  This  order 
was  founded  in  18.59,  for  benevolent,  educational 
and  fraternal  purposes.  It  took  a  prominent  part 
in  the  celebration  of  tlie  two  hundredth  anniver- 
sary of  the  discovery  of  the  falls  of  St.  Anthony 
by  Father  Hennepin.  In  the  afternoon  of  that 
day  the  society  had  a  grand  reimion  at  Market 
Hall,  where  Archlnsliop  Tache,  of  Manitoba,  and 
Bishop  Lafleche,  of  Canada,  made  addresses  ap- 
propriate to  the  occasion.  Bishop  Ireland,  of  St: 
Paul,  and  the  American  and  Belgian  consuls  at 
Manitoba  were  present.  The  otticers  are:  presi- 
dent, F.  Trepanier ;  vice-president,  F.  Plaisance; 
secretary,  Z.  Demeules;  assistant  secretary,  E. 
Genevey;  treasurer,  J.  S.  Cartier ;  collector.  A.  J. 
Menard;  marshal,  George  Gadbout;  chaplain, 
Rev.  Z.  L.  Chandonnet. 


St.  Andrew's  Society.  This  society  was  organ- 
ized August  4th,  1871,  its  object  being  to  care  for 
the  sick,  and  find  employment  and  otherwise  aid 
unfortimate  Scotchmen.  Scotchmen,  sons  and 
grandsons  of  Scotchmen  only,  are  eligible  to  be-r 
come  members  of  tlie  society.  The  present  mem- 
bers number  fifty.  The  officers  are:  president, 
M.  Jarvie ;  vice-president,  R.  McMillen ;  secre- 
tary, A.  W.  Craik ;  treasurer,  Stewart  Wight- 
man  ;  pliysician,  A.  C.  Fairbairn,  M.  D.  Board 
of  managers,  John  Miller,  W.  McCallum,  D.  Fer- 
guson, A.  McPhee,  A.  McDougall. 

Society  Norden.  The  "  Minneapolis  Scandina- 
vian Dramatic  Society  "  was  organized  August 
22d,  1870,  and  afterwards,  on  November  27th, 
1870,  it  was  changed  to  "  Society  Norden,"  its 
purpose  from  exclusively  dramatic  to  social,  and 
on  the  4th  day  of  April,  1871",  was  incorporated 
as  such.  A  relief  fund  was  established,  for 
which  purpose  seventy-five  dollars  was  allowed 
from  tlie  general  fund  as  a  foundation.  April 
1st,  1875,  the  Scandinavian  singing  society, 
"  Candia,"  united  with  the  Society  Norden. 
March  7th,  1877,  Society  Norden  was  re-organized, 
and  has  since  been  exclusively  Swedish.  It  has 
a  library  of  about  800  volumes,  consisting  of 
Swedish,  Norwegian,  Danish,  and  Englisli  books. 
The  society  now  has  about  thirty  members,  who 
during  sickness  receive  four  dollaus  per  week. 
The  officers  form  a  board  of  trustees,  and  are : 
R.  Eugdald,  president;  Jolni  Peterson,  vice-pres- 
ident ;  C.  11.  Hendrickson,  recording  secretary  . 
Axel  Dahlstrand,  corresponding  secretary  ;  Au- 
gust Zimmerman,  treasurer;  Alfred  Soderstrom, 
librarian ;  Peter  Pierson,  assistant  Ubrarian  ;  John 
KUnt,  marshal. 

Immaculate  Conception  Benevolent  Society.  In 
the  spring  of  1870,  several  young  men  conceived 
the  idea  of  forming  a  mutual  benefit  society,  to 
care  for  each  other  during  sickness,  and  furnish 
Christian  burial  to  deceased  members.  A  meet- 
ing was  called,  and  an  organization  perfected  by 
the  election  of  officers,  on  Jime  5th,  1876.  It  is 
No.  342  of  the  "CathoUc  Benevolent  Union," 
which  has  a  membership  of  500,000.  and  branch- 
es in  nearly  every  city  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada.  Its  present  officers  are  :  Ed.  O'Brien, 
president ;  J.  II.  McNally,  vice-president ;  A.  F. 
Boran,  recording  secretary  ;  J.  B.  Doherty,  finan- 
cial secretary  ;  J.  W.  Doran,  treasurer. 


4d2 


HISTORY  OF  nENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


The  Chosen  Friends.  The  Metropolitan  Lodge 
was  organized  in  February,  1881,  as  a  co- opera- 
tive insui'aiice  t-ompaiiy.  with  forty  charter  mem- 
bers. The  otBcei-s  elected  were:  C.  C,  E.  C. 
Cauvet;  Y.  C.,Lucien  Swift,  Jr.;  P.  C,  Charles 
n.  Clarke  ;  E..  "W.  Gould  :  C  L.  L.  Longl)rake  : 
T.,  K.  AV.  Laing:  M.,  C.  B.  Leonard:  \V.,  J.  W. 
Moore;  G.,  C.  A.  Eockwell;  S.,  C.  A.  Kowe; 
Medical  Directors.  I)rs.  McMurdy  and  Fairbaini ; 
Prelate.  J.  P-  Rea :  Trustees,  B.  B.  Hart,  Isaac 
McNair,  B.  H.  Rolf. 


CHAPTER   LXXI. 


FRKEMASONS— TTPOGKAPUKAL      UNIONS — 3IIS- 
CELLAXEOUS   ORDERS. 

Dr.  A.  E  .Ames,  upon  his  advent  into  the  terri- 
tory in  October,  1851,  collected  the  scattering 
^Masons  who  resided  in  the  neighborhood,  and  ob- 
tamed  a  dispensation  from  the  Grand  Lodge  of 
Illinois  to  open  Cataract  Lodge,  U.  D.,  in 
ancient  form,  and  on  February  14th.  this  cer- 
emony was  obsersed  ui  the  little  parlor  of  Aid 
Godfrey,  when  A.  E.  Ames  occupied  the  East, 
Colonel  "W.  Smith  the  "West,  Isaac  Brown  the 
South;  Ard  Godfrey,  treasurer;  John  II.  Stevens, 
secretary;  D.  M.  Coolbaugh,  S.  D.;  H.  S.  Atwood, 
J.  D.;  Wm.  Bramer,  t>ler;  with  Captain  J.  W.  T. 
Gardiner  and  Col.  E.  Case,  then  stationed  at  Fort 
SneUuig,  as  members. 

This  is  the  parent  lodge  of  all  the  lodges  in  the 
vicinity.  The  above  list  comprises  all  the  names 
of  Masons  then  residents  of  the  Territory  of 
Miimesota,  from  St.  Paid  to  Pembina  (exclusive 
of  St.  Paul  and  Stillwater).  Of  the  members. 
Dr.  A.  E.  Ames  had  been  a  member  of  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  lUiuois,  had  also  been  master  of  the 
lodge  at  Roscoe  and  Belvidere  in  lUinois  and  was 
fii-st  M.  W.  G.  :M.  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Minne- 
sota. Colonel  "William  Smith,  the  S.  AV.,  was 
made  a  Mason  in  Maine,  and  had  beea  master  of 
his  lodge.  Isaac  Brown,  the  J.  ^X..  was  also 
from  Maine;  he  was  a  postmaster,  and  was  the 
first  sheriff  of  Hennepui  county.    Ard  Godfrey, 


treasurer,  also  hailed  from  Maine,  and  had  held 
the  same  office  in  the  lodge  of  which  he  was  a 
member.  J.  H.  Stevens,  the  secretary,  was  ini- 
tiated, passed  and  raised  in  a  military  lodge,  U. 
D.,  from  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Tennessee  in  Feb- 
ruary. 1848.  at  the  National  Bridge  in  Mexico. 
The  S.  D..  D.  M.  Coolbaugh.  was  made  a  Mason 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  subsequently  the  first 
"W.  M.  of  Hemiepin  Lodge.  The  J.  D..  11.  S. 
Atwood.  was  made  a  Mason  m  Xew  Brunswick. 
He  was  a  brother-in-law  of  Cahin  A.  Turtle,  one 
of  the  pioneers  of  this  county,  and  died  on  his  farm 
near  Minneapolis  a  few  years  ago.  The  tT."ler,  "Wm. 
Bramer,  a  man  universally  respected,  subsequently 
retired  to  his  farm,  and  died  there  soon  after.  Of 
the  members,  Col.  Case  had  pre^'iously  occupied 
high  positions  in  the  order  in  the  state  of  iMichi- 
gan,  and  was  the  first  Grand  Treasurer  of  the 
Grand  Lodge  of  ^linnesota.  Capt.  J.  "W.  T. 
Gardiner  was  a  native  of  Ilallowell,  Maine,  a 
graduate  of  A\'est  Point,  and  was  at  this  time  sta- 
tioned at  Fort  Snelling  as  captain  of  Company 
B,  Second  regiment  U.  S.  Dragoons,  was  subse- 
quently promoted  to  major  general,  and  died  a 
few  years  since.  The  dispensation  gave  them  the 
right  to  meet  on  high  hills  or  low  vales.  From 
Cataract  Lodge  have  sprung  all  other  lodges  in 
Minneapolis.  The  then  Grand  Master  of  the 
State  of  Illinois  who  granted  the  dispensation  to 
Cataract  Lodge,  was  our  fellow-citizen.  Judge  E. 
B.  Ames.  The  meetmgs  were  first  held  in  an  old 
buildmgon  Main  street  north-east,  now  owned  by 
a  Mrs.  "White.  From  there  they  moved  to  a 
building  on  Main  street,  known  as  the  King  block, 
which  was  sidisequently  destroyed  by  fire.  The 
lodge  then  occupied  Rollins'  stone  building,  on 
Second  Avenue,  corner  of  Prince  street.  The 
next  move  was  to  the  hall  now  occupied,  located 
at  numbers  18  and  20  University  Avenue.  The 
building  was  erected  by  Cataract  Lodge,  at  a  cost 
of  S16.000. 

The  first  election  of  officers,  occiu-red  February 
14th,  1852,  with  the  followuig  result:  A.  E.  Ames, 
W.  M.;  William  Smith,  S.  W.;  Isaac  Brown,  J. 
AV.;  and  J.  H.  Stevens,  secretary.  AA'e  give  a 
hst  of  those  since  elected  to  the  office  of  AV.  M. 
and  secretary,  with  year  of  election.  The  regu- 
lar elections  have  taken  place  in  December  of 
each  year.  December  27th,  1852,  A.  E.  Ames, 
AV.  M.;  J.  H.   Stevens,  secretary.    '53,  Charles 


MASONIC  SOCIETIES. 


453 


F.  Stearns,  I.  I.  Lewis.  '54,  M.  W.  Getehell, 
E.  R.  Knowlton.  '55,  M.  W.  Getehell,  II.  W. 
Cummings.  '56-7,  Henry  Reynolds,  W.  G.  Brad- 
ford.    '58,  M.  W.  Getehell,  J.  B.  Gilfillan.     '59, 

G.  A.  Camp,  E.  S.  Brown.  '60,  R.  S.  Aklen,  S. 
L.  Vawter.  '61,  C.  Woodly.  W.  F.  CahUl.  '62, 
J.  B.  Gilfillan,  ^V.  F.  Cahill.  '63,  J.  A.  Arm- 
strong, C.  Woodly.  '64-5,  M.  W.  Getehell,  Dan. 
M.  Demmon.  '66,  E.  S.  Brown,  Solon  Arm- 
strong. "67,  J.  S.  Lane,  Solon  Armstrong.  '68, 
W.  Lochren,  Edward  Parker.  "69,  W.  Loehren, 
C.  F.  Smith.  '70-1,  Solon  Armstrong,  C.  F. 
Smith.  '72,  F.  L.  Smith.  C.  F.  Smith.  73-4,  F. 
L.  Smith,  B.  A.  Moore.  '75-6,  H.  M.  Kent, 
Solon  Armstrong.  '77,  R.  W.  Cummings,  Solon 
Armstrong.  "78-9,  J.  S.  Lane,  Solon  Armstrong. 
December  18th,  1880,  the  officers  elected  were, 
W.  E.  Johnson,  W.  M.;  O.  A.  Gardner,  S.  W.; 
M.  P.  Hayes,  J.  W.;  and  Solon  Armstrong, 
secretary.  Regular  meetings  are  held  on  the 
first  Saturday  of  each  month,  at  "Masonic  Hall," 
East  Division. 

The  Grand  Lodge  of  F.  &  A.  M.  was  organized 
January  1st,  1855,  with  three  subordinate  lodges, 
namely:  St.  John's  Lodge,  No.  1,  of  Stillwater; 
Cataract  Lodge,  No.  2.  of  St.  Anthony  Falls;  St. 
Paul's  Lodge,  No.  3,  of  St.  Paul.  The  following 
grand  oflieers  were  duly  elected:  ^  A.  E.  Ames, 
Minneapolis,  M.  W.  G.  M.;  Aaron  Goodrich,  St. 
Paul,  R.  W.  D.  G.  M.;  D.  F.  Brawley,  St.  Paul, 
R.  W.  S.  G.  W.;  A.  Van  Vorhees,  Stillwater,  R. 
W.  J.  G.  W.;  E.  Case,  St.  Paul.  R.  W.  G.  T.:  J. 
G.  Lennon,  St.  Anthony,  R.  W.  G.  S.;  D.  W.  C. 
Dunnell,  St.  Paul,  S.  G.  D.;  D.  B.  Loomis,  Still- 
water, J.  G.  D.;  S.  Partridge,  Stillwater,  G.  S.  B.; 
A.  T.  C.  Pierson,  St.  Paul,  G.  M.;  II.  N.  Setzer, 
Stillwater,  G.  P.;  Wm.  Chamberlain,  St.  Anthony, 
G.  C;  Lot  Moflfat,  S.  G.  S.;  C.  W.  Borup,  J.  G. 
S.;  Wm.  Hartshorn,  G.  T.  The  Grand  Lodge  of 
Jilinnesota  was  then  opened  and  the  officers  duly 
installed  by  P.  M.,  A.  J.  Morgan,  when  they  sev- 
erally repaired  to  their  stations.  Tlie  secretary 
of  the  convention  being  superseded  by  the  Grand 
Secretary  elect,  the  G.  M.  proclaimed  the  election 
of  the  grand  officers,  and  that  the  Grand  Lodge 
of  Mimiesota  M'as  duly  and  legally  organized. 

Hennepin  Lodge  No.  4.  This  lodge  was  or- 
ganized January  21st,  1853,  and  worlied  under 
the  first  dispensation  granted  by  the  grand  lodge 
of  Minnesota.    The  officers  U.  D.,  were:  D.  M. 


Coolbaugh,  W.  M.;  J.  N.  Barber,  S.  W.;  E.  A. 
Hodson,  J.  W.;  S.  W.  Case,  secretary;  E.  Case, 
treasurer;  Edward  Murphy,  S.  D.;  Anson  Nor- 
thrup,  J.  D.;  Chesman  Gould,  tyler.  January 
3d,  1854,  this  lodge  received  its  charter  from  the 
grand  lodge.  The  meetings  were  held  at  the  house 
of  Anson  Northrup,  near  the  brink  of  the  falls, 
for  two  years,  then  in  a  hall  fitted  for  the  pur- 
pose, over  the  store  of  Jackins  and  Wright,  on 
Bridge  Square.  After  several  years  removed  to  a 
hall  in  tlie  Dayton  block.  After  several  changes  a 
hall  over  Fletcher's  store  was  taken  in  1862,  where 
it  remained  in  connection  with  Minneapolis  lodge, 
until  January,  1876.  Since  then  their  new  Ma- 
sonic Hall  has  been  occupied.  The  first  officers 
after  charter  was  granted  were  the  same  as  first 
elected,  with  the  exception  of  tlie  office  of  secre- 
tary, to  which  Thomas  Chamljers  was  elected  m 
place  of  S.  W.  Case.  During  subsequent  years 
the  offices  of  W.  M.  and  secretary  have  been  filled 
by:  1855,  E.  A.  Hodsdon,  Charles  Hoag;  '56,  D. 
M.  Coolbaugh,  I.  I.  Lewis ;  '57,  R.  R.  Bryant, 
Geo.  W.  Chowen ;  '58,  A.  E.  Ames,  Geo.  A.  Sa- 
vory; '59,  E.  B.  Ames,  Geo.  A.  Savory;  '60,  C.  N. 
Daniels,  Geo.  A.  Savory;  '61,  A.  E.  Ames,  J.  L. 
Tenney;  '62  to  '67  inclusive,  A.  E.  Ames,  Geo. 
A.  Savory;  '68,  A.  E.  Groff,  A.  H.  Linton;  '69, 
G.  T.  Vail,  C.  M.  Crump  ;  '70,  H.  L.  Rockey,  II. 
Tannatt;  '71,  S.  T.  Moles,  H.  Tannatt ;  "72,11. 
Barnard,  H.  Tannatt;  '73,  A.  A.  Ames,  II.  Tan- 
natt ;  '74,  H.  Barnard,  H.  Tannatt ;  '75,  J.  Wil- 
son, C.  C.  Leland ;  '76-7,  C.  11.  Benton,  C.  C. 
Leland ;  "78,  II.  P.  Ilungerford,  C.  C.  Leland ; 
'79,  C.  H.  Benton,  W.  Gunderson;  '80,  W.  A. 
Miller,  W.  Gunderson.  The  officers  for  1881  are: 
W.  A.  Miller,  W.  M.;  C.  Rothschild,  S.  W.;  C.  D. 
Hammond,  J.  W.;  John  Wilson,  treasurer;  Wil- 
liam Gunderson,  secretary;  Ed  Martm,  S.  D.;  C. 
B.Tirrell,  J.  D.;  William  Cove,  tyler  ;  D.  B.  Knick- 
erbaeker,  chaplain.  The  lodge  numliers  215  mem- 
bers and  holds  meetings  on  the  second  and  fourth 
Wednesday  of  each  month. 

Minneapolis  Lodge,  No.  19.  On  the  7th  day  of 
January,  1858,  the  M.  W.  G.  Lodge  of  Minnesota 
granted  a  charter  to  Joseph  Dean,  Joel  B.  Bassett, 
Frank  Beebe,  Emanuel  Case,  R.  R.  Miles,  J.  O. 
Weld,  A.  F.  McSliee,  Oliver  Davis,  and  other 
brethren,  Master  Masons.  On  the  23d  of  Janu- 
ary, a  meeting  of  the  brethren  whose  names  were 
on  the  petition  to  the  Grand  Lodge  for  a  charter, 


454 


mSTOEY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY.. 


was  held  in  the  Masonic  Hall  owTietl  by  John 
Jackins,  when  tliey  elected  their  liist  otlicers,  and 
ou  January  26th  the  officers  were  duly  installed 
by  A.  T.  C.  Pierson,  M.  W.  G.  M.  of  :Miiinesota. 
In  1859  they  moved  then-  lodge  to  a  hall  over  Men- 
denhall  and  Beede's  bank  ou  Fust  street,  betneen 
Ileunepin  and  First  Avenue  north.  In  1862, 
they  moved  to  a  hall  over  Fletcher's  store  on 
Bridge  square,  which  they  occupied  jointly  with 
Hennepin  Lodge,  and  remained  tliere  until  Janu- 
ary. 1876,  when  they  moved  into  their  new  "  Ma- 
sonic Hall."  which  they  still  occupy,  holding 
regidar  meetings  on  first  and  second  Wednesday 
of  each  month.  The  first  officers  were:  Joseph 
Dean.  W.  M.;  J.  B.  Bassett,  S.  "\V.;  Franklin 
Beebe,  J.  W.;  R.  K.  Miles,  secretary.  The 
officers  elected  December  18th,  1880,  were:  T. 
M.  Slosson,  W.  M.;  E.  E.  Smith.  S.  W.:  J.  M. 
"Williams,  J.  W.;  J.  H.  Thompson.  Treasurer; 
E.  Archibald.  Secretary.  The  memliership  of 
this  lodge  was,  at  the  last  election,  one  hundred 
and  eighty-three. 

Khurun  Lodge.  Xo.  112,  A.  F.and  A.  M.  was 
organized  under  dispensation  granted  July  16th, 
1874,  by  Charles  Griswold,  G.  M.  of  Miimesota, 
to  thirty-eight  members.  The  officers,  under 
dispensation  were :  A.  E.  Ames,  W.  :M.,  Edgar 
Nash,  S.  W.,  D.  M.  Goodwin,  J.  W.,  M.  P. 
Hawkins,  secretaiy.  Charter  granted  January 
13th,  187-5,  by  Grand  Lodge  of  Minnesota,  and 
lodge  constituted  Febniary  8th,  at  Excelsior  hall, 
Mimieapolis.  The  first  officere  were :  E.  M. 
Wilson,  W.  M.,  Edgar  Xash.  S.  W..  D.  M. 
Goodwin,  J.  W.,  E.  J.  Davenport,  secretary.  Of- 
ficers for  1880;  E.  J.  Davenport.  W.  M.,  C.  M. 
Foote,  S.  W.,  Wm.  E.  Leonard.  J.  W. 

St.  Anthony  Falls  Chapter  Xo.  3,  Koyal  Arch 
Masons.  This  lodge  was  organized  imder  the 
dispensation  from  Charles  Gilmau,  General  Grand 
High  Priest  of  the  United  States,  dated  January 
5th,  1858,  to  R.  S.  Alden,  A.  E.  Ames,  Geo.  S. 
Eaton,  M.  W.  Getchell,  D.  Greenleaf,  D.  Heaton, 
C.  E.  Hill.  Geo.  A.  Camp  and  Samuel  E.  Adams. 
The  first  convocation  was  held  January  22d, 
1858,  with  R.  S.  Alden,  H.  P.,  A.  E.  Ames,  K., 
Abijah  Blakemau,  S.,  R.  R.  Bryant,  secretary. 
September  21st.  1859,  a  charter  was  issued  by  the 
General  Grand  Chapter.  Albert  G.  Mackey.  G.  G. 
H.  P.  The  first  officers  luider  charter  were  elect- 
ed October  22d,  1859,  as  foUows:     R.  S.  Alden, 


11.  P..  A.  E.  Ames,  K.,  M.  W.  GetcheU,  S.,  D. 
Greenleaf,  secretary.  Tlie  subsequent  years  the 
offices  of  H.  P.  and  secretary  have  been  filled 
as  follows:  1850,  A.  E.  Ames,  E.  S.  J3rown;  Feb- 
ruary 9th,  '61,  M.  W.  Getchell,  H.  P.,  June  22d, 
regular  election.  E.  Patch.  E.  S.  Brown:  "62, 
same  re-elected;  "63,  R.  S.  Alden,  E.  S.  Brown; 
•64-5,  John  I.  Black,  E.  S.  Brown;  ■66,  E.  Patch, 
G.  F.  Townsend;  "67.  George  A.  Camp,  O.  C. 
Merriman:  "68.  R.  W.  Cummings,  M.  P.  Hayes; 
'69-70,  R.  W.  Cummuigs,  E.  S.  Brown;  '72-"3, 
William  Lochren,  R.  W.  Cummiugs:  "74.  William 
Lochren,  F.  L.  Smith;  "75,  H.  M.  Kent, 
Solon  Armstrong;  "76,  F.  L.  Smith,  Solon  Arm- 
sti-ong;  "77,  W.  C.  Xoble,  Solon  Armsti'ong;  '78, 
W.  A.  Morse,  Solon  Armstrong:  "79,  T.  G.  For- 
ster,  Solon  Armstrong.  The  list  of  officers 
for  1880,  were:  C.  H.  Benton.  H.  P..  M.  P. 
Hayes,  K.,  C.  W.  Weeks,  S..  Solon  Armstr-ong, 
secretary:  regular  convocations  on  the  third  Sat- 
urday of  each  month,  at  Masonic  Hall,  east  di- 
vision. 

St.  John's  Chapter.  Xo.  9.  Royal  Arch  Masons, 
was  orgmrized  under  dispensation  granted  Janu- 
ary 15th,  1866,  by  C.  W.  Nash,  G.  H.  P.,  Minne- 
sota. Charter  dated  October  23d,  1866,  from 
Grand  Chapter  of  Mumesota,  C.  W.  Xash,  G.  H. 
P.  The  regular  election  is  held  in  December. 
The  offices  of  H.  P.  and  secretary  have  been  occu- 
pied as  follows :  "66,  A.  E.  Ames,  George  A. 
Savory;  "67.  W.  E.  Jones,  A.  A.  Ames;  '68,  H. 
L.  Rockey,  H.  F.  Batch  :  "69.  E.  A.  Groff,  A.  M. 
Shuey ;  "70,  H.  L.  Rockey,  E.  S.  Austin;  "71,  A. 
E.  Ames,  F.  L.  Churchill ;  '72.  J.  W.  Hemiion,  H. 
Tannatt ;  '73.  J.  W.  Ilenuion,  H.  Taimatt ;  '74,  G. 
W.  Cooley,  F.  D.  Carson;  '75,  A.  A.- Ames,  G. 
W.  Cooley  ;  '76,  E.  McDermott.  C.  G.  McDuf- 
fie  ;  '77,  J.  H.  Xoble.  C.  C.  Leland ;  '78,  G.  B. 
Cooley,  E.  McDermott ;  '79.  G.  B.  Cooley,  E.  Mc- 
Dermott. In  1880  the  officers  were  :  G.  B.  Coo- 
ley, H.  P.;  A.  H.  Salisbury,  K.;  John  Wilson,  S. 
Selah  Matthews,  Secretarj-.  Regular  convoca- 
tions, third  Tuesday  of  each  month,  at  Masonic 
Hall.  Hennepin  Avenue.  MuuieajioMs. 

Minneapolis  Council,  Xo.  2.  R.  and  S.  M.,  or- 
ganized imder  dispensation  from  B.  Crabbe, 
Grand  Master  of  Iowa.  May  2th.  1870.  and  char- 
tered October  18th,  1870,  by  the  Grand  Council 
of  Iowa.  The  officers  under  dispensation  were  : 
A.  E.  Ames,  T.  I.  M,;  E.  S.  Alden.  D.  M.;  D.  M. 


MASONIC  SOCIETIES. 


455 


Goodwin,  P.  C.  W.;  G.  Savory,  Eec.  The  office 
of  T.  I.  M.  under  the  charter  has  since  been  filled 
by  the  following  persons :  '70-1-2-3,  D.  M.  Good- 
win; "74-5,  G.  W.  Cooley  ;  '76,  E.  McDermott; 
"77,  G.  B.  Cooley  ;  '78-9,  W.  A.  Spaulding.  The 
officers  of  1880  were  :  I.  M.  Williams,  T.  I.  M.; 
William  Cheney,  R.  I.  D.  M.:  C.  M.  Foote,  P. 
C.  W.,  J.  A.  Schlener,  Rec;  T.  F.  Hurley,  Treas. 
Regular  assemblies  are  held  on  the  third  Monday 
of  each  month. 

Adoniram  Council,  No.  5,  R.  and  S.  M.,  Min- 
neapolis East.  Charter  was  granted  Februaiy 
18th,  1876,  by  the  Grand  Council  of  Minnesota, 
Georgp  W.  Cooley,  Grand  Master,  to  William 
Lochren,  M.  W.  C4etchell,  F.  L.  Smith,  H.  M. 
Kent,  Christopher  Greeley,  Jonathan  Chase,  J.  W. 
Hennion,  S.  N.  AVhitney,  E.  C,  Pratt,  John  Wil- 
son and  R.  S.  Alden.  The  council  was  consti- 
tuted by  George  W.  Cooley,  G.  M.,  March,  27th, 
1876,  at  which  time  the  following  officers  were 
elected  :  William  Lochren,  T.  I.  M.;  U.  W. 
Getchell,  D.  M.;  F.  L.  Smith,  P.  C.  W.;  W.  C. 
Noble,  Recorder.  The  offices  T.  I.  M.  and 
Recorder,  have  been  since  filled  by  the  following: 
'76,  W.  Lochren,  W.  C.  Noble;  "77,  F.  L.  Smith, 
W.  C.  Noble.;  '78,  O.  A.  Broughton,  W.  C.  No- 
ble; '79,  H.  M.  Kent,  Solon  Armstrong.  In  1880, 
the  following  were  elected,  C.  H.  Benton,  T.  I. 
M.;  W.  E.  Johnson,  I).  M.;  O.  A.  Broughton, 
P.  C.  W.;  Solon  Armstrong,  Recorder.  Regular 
meetings  are  held  on  the  second  Monday  of  each 
month,  at  Masonic  Hall,  Minneapolis  East. 

Zion  Commandery  No.  2,  Knights  Templar, 
was  organized  under  dispensation  granted  by 
B.  B.  French,  Grand  blaster.  Knights  Templar, 
for  the  United  States,  May  19th  1863.  The  first 
officers  were:  A.  E.  Ames,  E.  C;  J.  M.  Eustis, 
G.;  H.  F.  Balch,  C.  G.  Charter  was  granted 
September  7th,  1865,  by  Henry  L.  Palmer,  Grand 
Master  Knights  Templar,  United  States.  Com- 
mandery constituted  by  A.  T.  C.  Pierson,  Sep- 
tember 25th,  1865,  A.  E.  Ames,  E.  C;  G.  A. 
Savoi7,  Rec.  Those  offices  have  been  filled  as 
follows:  "66,  A.  E.  Ames,  G.  A.  Savoiy;  "67,  R. 
S.  Alden,  H.  L.  Rocky;  "68,  J.  I.  Black,  A.  M. 
Radcliffe;  '69,  M.  AV.  Getchell,  H.  G.  Howe; 
'70,  M.  W.  Getchell,  Paul  Fitzgerald;  '71,  H.  L. 
Rocky,  Paul  Fitzgerald;  '72,  D.  M.  Goodwin,  A. 
L.  Scott:  '73,  A.  A.  Ames,  J.  F.  Lowe;  "74,  J.  I. 
Black,  H.  G.  Hicks;  '75,  J.  I.  Black,  A.  L.  Scott; 


'76,  A.  A.  Ames,  A.  L.  Scott;  '77,  E.  McDermott, 
A.  L.  Scott;  '78,  E.  McDermott,  A.  L.  Scott; 
"79,  J.  I.  Black,  E.  McDermott;  "80,  J.  I.  Black, 
E.  McDermott.  Meetings  held  at  Masonic  Hall, 
second  Tuesday  of  each  month. 

Darius  Commandery,  No.  7,  Knights  Templar, 
iSIinneapolis  East.  Dispensaton  was  granted  by 
Eminent  Sir  Knight,  George  L.  Otis,  Grand  Com- 
mander of  Muuiesota,  February  1st,  1871.  The 
first  officers  under  dispensation  were,  R.  S.  Al- 
den, E.  C;  M.  W.  Getchell,  G.;  William  Loch- 
ren, C.  G.;  E.  S.  Brown,  recorder.  Warrant  was 
dated  July  28, 1871,  from  the  Grand  Commandery 
of  Minnesota,  A.  E.  Ames,  Grand  Commander; 
officers,  E.  C.  and  recorder  elected  since  date  of 
charter  are  as  follows,  '71,  R.  S.  Alden,  E.  S. 
Brown;'  72,  William  Lochren,  E.  C.  Whitney; 
'73,  William  Lochren,  E.  C.  Whitney;  '74,  M.  W. 
Getchell,  George  F.  Townsend.  '75,  W.  C.  No- 
ble. C.  F.  Smith;  "76-7-8,  W.  C.  Noble,  Solon 
Armstrong;  "79,  H.  M.  Kent,  Solon  Armstrong. 
The  officers  for  1880,  were:  F.  L.  Smith,  E.  C; 
T.  G.  Forster,  G.;  C.  IL  Benton,  C.  G.;  Solon 
Armstrong,  recorder.  Regular  meetings  are  held 
first  Monday  of  each  month  at  Masonic  Hall,  E. 
D. 

Excelsion  Lodge  of  Perfection,  No.  3,  was  in- 
stituted under  authority  granted  to  A.  E.  Ames, 
by  S.  W.  JSIcMasters,  deputy  of  the  state  of  Mui- 
nesota.  Charter  was  granted  June  23,  1873,  by 
A.  E.  Ames,  special  deputy.  The  first  officers 
were;  R.  S.  Alden,  G.  M.;  D.  M.  Goodwin,  S. 
W.;  M.  W.  Getchell,  J.  W.;  G.  B.  Cooley, 
secretary.  The  officers  for  1880,  were,  D.  M. 
Goodwm,  G.  M.;  J.  II.  Noble,  S.  W.;  C.  II.  Ben- 
ton, J.  W.;  F.  L.  Smith,  secretary.  Lodge  meets 
second  Thursday  of  each  month  at  Masonic 
Hall. 

St.  Vincent  de  Paul,  Chapter  of  Rose  Croix, 
No.  1.  Charter  was  granted  December  13,  1873, 
from  the  sovereign  Grand  Council  of  the  thirty- 
third  degree,  by  Albert  G.  Mackey,  Sovereign 
Grand  Commander.  The  charter  members  were, 
A.  E.  Ames,  D.  B.  Knickerbacker,  G.  L.  Chase, 
D.  M.  Goodwin,  E.  B.  Ames,  Frank  Beebe,  J.  W. 
Hennion,  J.  H.  Noble,  William  Lochren,  M.  W. 
Getchell,  M.  P.  Hawkins,  E.  M.  Wilson,  R.  S.  Al- 
den. The  officers  elected  in  1880,  were,  William 
Lochren,  M.  W.  M.:  R.  S.  Inness,  S.  W.;  J.  H. 
Thompson,  J.  W.;  F.  L.  Smith,  secretary.    Reg- 


456 


HISIOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


iilar  meetings  third  Tuesday  of  each  month  at 
Masonic  Hall. 

^Minneapolis  Consistorj'  Xo.  2.  thirty-first  to 
and  tliirty-second  degiees,  was  constituted  April 
27th,  1880,  by  G.  W.  Merrill  of  St.  Paul.  The 
officers  are:  C.  II.  Benton,  M.  of  K.:  S.  E.  Adams, 
prior;  J.  H.  Xoble,  preceptor;  J.  H.  Thompson, 
chancellor;  E.  McDermott.  registrar-.  Lodge 
meets  at  Masonic  Hall,  East  Di\ision. 

Alfred  Elisha  Ames  Preceptory  No.  2,  Knights 
of  Kadosh.  eighteenth  to  thirtieth  degrees.  Char- 
ter was  granted  March  20th.  1880.  by  Albert  Pike, 
and  constitued  by  G.  W.  MerriU.  The  officers 
are:  A.  E.  Iligbee,  C.  H.  Benton.  H.  G.  Hicks; 
E.  McDermott,  recorder.  The  lodge  meets  on 
the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month  at  Masonic 
HaU. 

Minneapolis  Chapter,  No.  9,  Order  of  the  East- 
em  Star,  was  organized,  August  31st,  1874,  with 
forty-six  members,  one-half  of  whom  were  ladies. 
The  O.  E.  S.  is  a  masonic  degree  which  is  con- 
ferred on  the  wives  and  daughters  of  masons 
oidy.  In  addition  to  the  object  of  other  masonic 
lodges  it  is  intended  to  bring  ladies  and  gentle- 
men together  socially.  The  officers  for  1874  were: 
GeorgieP.  Jones,  worthy  matron ;  C.^\'.  Putnam, 
worthy  patron ;  Ellen  Putnam,  associate  matron; 
Mary  A.  Goodrich,  treasurer ;  Sophia  P.  Mimson, 
secretarj-.  Tlie  officera  for  1881  are,  Kate  Cove, 
W.  M.;  A.  C.  Brand,  W.  P.;  Sarah  BeU,  Patten, 
secretary  ;  Cooley.  treasurer ;  Jacoby,  conductor. 
Stated  communications  are  held  the  first  and 
third  Tuesdays  of  each  month  at  Masonic  Hall, 
on  Heimepin  Avenue. 

Harmony  Chapter,  Xo.  8,  Order  of  the  Eastern 
Star,  Minneapolis  East. — The  organization  of  this 
chapter  was  effected  August  29th.  1874.  in  the 
hall  of  Cataract  Lodge,  Xo.  2,  by  D.  W.  Thomp- 
son, Deputy  Grand  Patron,  and  the  following 
officers  elected  at  that  time:  Sarah  B.  Arm- 
strong, AV.  M.;  "WiUiam  Loehi'en,  W.  P.;  Hannah 
C.  Conner,  A.  M.;  OUve  C.  Davis,  Secretarj,-. 
The  officers  "W.  M.  and  Secretary  have  since  been 
as  follows:  1874,  Sarah  B.  Armstrong.  OUve  C. 
Davis;  187.5,  H.  F.  Conner,  O.  C.Davis;  1876.  O. 
C.  Davis,  MaiT  S.  Getchell ;  1877,  Helen  Valen- 
tine, Henrietta  Kollett;  1878,  Henrietta  Bollett, 
Martha  Sibley ;  1879,  Harriet  Weeks,  Flora 
Moore.  The  officers  elected  m  1880  were:  Lois 
Philbrick,  "W.  M;  Solon  Armstrong,  ^y.  P.;  Mary 


Pratt,  A.  M.;  Flora  Moore,  Secretary.  Eegular 
meetings  second  and  fourth  Tuesdays  of  each 
month  at  Masonic  Hall.  East  Division. 

St.  Anthony  and  MmueapoUs  Typograpliical 
Union,  Xo.  42.— On  the  evening  of  August  17th, 
18-59,  eight  of  the  eleven  journeymen  printers  of 
St.  Anthony  and  Minneapolis  met  in  the  office  of 
the  "St.  Anthony  Express"  and  organized  a  Prints 
ers"  Union  under  the  name  of  the  "  St.  Anthony 
and  Minneapolis  T\-pographical  Union,"'  and 
elected  the  following  board  of  officere:  Daniel 
L.  Pain,  president;  A.  J.  Underwood,  vice-pres- 
ident ;  H.  C.  Shaw,  financial  secretai->-;  A.  C. 
Squires,  corresponding  secretary ;  H.  W.  Ha- 
ven, recording  secretary;  J.  B.  Chaney,  treas- 
lu-er.  Immediate  application  was  made  for  a 
charter  from  the  National  Union,  which  was 
promptly  granted,  bearing  date  of  September 
10th,  1859.  The  charter  members  were  D.  L. 
Pam,  A.  J.  Undemood.  A.  C.  Squires.  H.  C. 
Shaw.  H.  ^y.  Haven.. I.  B.  Chaney,  Benj.  Drake, 
W.  C.  Allan,  William  Harpt,  .James  Mowatt  and 
H.  M.  Metcalf .  The  Union  was  prosperous,  hav- 
ing at  one  time  on  its  Ust  every  journeyman 
printer  withm  its  jurisdiction.  The  war  of  the 
rebellion  practically  dissolved  the  organization, 
five  of  its  members  entering  the  Union  army, 
viz:  H.  M.  Metcalf,  in  the  Fifth  Xew  Hamp- 
shire ;  O.  S.  King,  m  the  First  ^linnesota  ;  A. 
J.  Underwood,  C.  W.  T.  Widstrand  and  J.  B. 
Chaney,  in  the  Second  Company  Minnesota  Sharp 
Shooters,  afterwards  Company  L,  First  Minne- 
sota. Of  these  five,  two  are  dead— Metcalf  killed  . 
in  battle,  and  King  died  of  consumption  m  Min- 
neapolis a  year  or  two  smce.  The  other  members 
are  still  -working  at  the  prmting  business  in  dif- 
ferent capacities.  The  charter  and  seal  are  still 
m  the  hands  of  the  last  President.  J.  B.  Chaney. 

Mmneapolis  Typographical  Union,  X'o.  42. 
The  Minneapolis  Typographical  Union  is  a  branch 
of  the  International  Typographical  Union  of 
Xorth  America,  whose  numbere  now  reach  nearly 
two  hundred.  Xo.  42  formerly  belonged  St.  An- 
thony Union,  organized  m  1859.  which  was  dis- 
banded in  1S62.  by  most  of  its  members  enlisting 
in  the  union  army.  The  Minneapolis  Union  was 
organized  in  December,  1872.  the  preliminary 
meetings  being  held  in  the  Tribune  and  Evening 
X'ews  rooms.  The  fii-st  officers  elected  were  :  Ja- 
cob Dreher,  president ;  WiUiam  H.  Hughes,  treas- 


MINNEAPOLIS  TURN  VEBEIN. 


4.57 


uier;  William  W.  Lyon,  vice-president;  George 
McDonald,  recording  and  corresponding  secretary; 
Goddard  Park,  financial  secretary ;  J.  H.  Perry, 
sergeant  at  arms  ;  and  a  board  of  five  directors. 
Its  object  is  to  cherish,  protect  and  promulgate 
the  interests  and  rights  of  the  Union,  to  abolish 
injurious  privileges,  and  Ijring  under  the  con- 
straint of  wholesome  duty  all  its  members.  The 
organization  was  supported  by  nonunal  dues  only, 
and  the  sick  or  distressed  memliers  received  Ijen- 
efits,  and  all  deceased  members  should  have  a  Ini- 
mane  and  Christian  burial.  The  society  has 
buried  three  of  its  members  since  its  organiza- 
tion, two  lying  in  "  Lakewood,"  and  one  sent  East 
to  friends.  A  burial  lot  has  been  purchased  in 
the  above  cemetery,  and  steps  taken  for  the  erec- 
tion of  a  suitable  monument  thereon.  The  of- 
ficers elected  in  January  last  for  the  year  1881  are: 
John  McDonald,  president ;  E.  O'Brien,  vice- 
president  ;  J.  T.  JSIannix,  recording  and  corres- 
ponding secretary ;  Charles  S.  Moore  financial 
secretary ;  C.  B.  C.  Doherty,  treasurer ; 
George  S.  Cyphers  sergeant  at  arms ;  executive 
board,  John  McDonald,  W.  A.  Allen,  T.  A. 
Clark,  J.  B.  Meacham.  The  society  is  flourish- 
ing, new  members  being  added  at  every  meeting. 
Meetings  are  held  the  first  Sunday  in  every  month. 
This  day  is  selected  to  accommodate  the  morning 
newspaper  printers. 

Minneapolis  Turn  Verein.  This  society  was 
organized  in  April,  1862,  with  twenty-five  mem- 
bers, who  elected  Adam  Kegel  president,  Mathias 
Rothaker  vice-president,  N.  Eossbach  recording 
secretary,  John  Wall  corresponding  secretary, 
Albert  Lieber  financial  secretary,  John  Foster 
treasurer,  Rudolph  Lieber  term  teacher,  Lamb. 
Hays  assistant  term  teacher,  GerliardtBoemchen 
warden.  The  first  money  invested  was  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  dollars.  The  first  building  for 
turning  exercises  was  erected  on  First  street,  be- 
tween Third  and  Fourth  Avenues  north,  on  a 
leased  lot,  at  a  cost  of  about  SI, 500.  In  a  short 
time  the  society  increased,  and  at  present  has  a 
membership  of  107.  In  October,  1878,  the  hall 
was  destro.ved  by  fire.  After  the  fire  the  society 
rented  a  hall  in  Dr.  Evans'  block,  for  temporary 
occupancy,  to  avoid  any  interruption  in  the  gym- 
nastic exercises.  In  1877,  the  society  secured  the 
services  of  Mr.  Adler,  a  regularly  educated  term 
teacher,  who  remained  with  them  nine  months, 


when  he  resigned  his  position  in  favor  of  Charles 
O.  Lampe,  a  gentleman  who  graduated  from  the 

seminary  at  Milwaukee.  In  -luly,  1879,  the  soci- 
ety bought  a  lot  on  Washington  Avenue,  corner 
of  Fifth  Avenue  north,  and  erected  a  hall  at  a 
cost  of  *24,000.  This  hall  is  fitted  up  in  first- 
class  style,  with  all  necessary  improvements  in 
machinery  and  requirements  of  a  firsl^class  gym- 
nasium. At  present  the  teacher  and  his  assist- 
ants instruct  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  child- 
ren in  gymnastics,  besides  the  exercises  the  mem- 
bers of  the  society  have  nnder  his  direction  and 
guidance. 

The  objects  of  the  society  are  as  follows:  ''We, 
the  Turners  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
through  this  union,  under  the  name  of  the  N. 
A.  T.  U.,  have  in  view  the  mutual  encourage- 
ment of  each  other  in  the  education  of  thorough- 
ly cultured  men,  intellectually  and  bodily. 

"We  recognize  in  the  diffusion  of  knowledge 
and  the  fostering  of  morals,  tlie  only  means  for 
a  thorough  reform  in  the  social,  political  and  re- 
ligious life.  We  advocate  and  strive  after  the 
development  of  a  popular  go\-ernment  on  a  genu- 
ine humane  and  popular  basis.  Every  .attempt 
at  a  restriction  of  religious  toleration,  as  well  as 
all  abridgments  of  human  rights,  which  oppose 
perfection  and  building  up  of  our  liberal  institu- 
tions, will  on  this  account  be  firmly  resisted  by 
us."  The  Union,  of  which  this  society  is  a  branch, 
nimibers  now*  about  15,000  members  in  the  I'nited 
States.  The  present  officers  are:  John  Forler, 
president;  Henry  Hauschild,  vice-president;  Gott- 
fried Bachner,  recording  secretary;  Jacob  Staff, 
corresponding  secretary;  Herman  Westphal,  fi- 
nancial secretary;  Edward  Bernstein,  treasm-er; 
Charles  O.  Lampe,  teacher;  John  II.  Roth,  first 
assistant  teacher;  William  Monasch,  second  as- 
sistant teacher;  D.  Lesskojus,  warden  and  janitor. 

Sunday  Science  Club,  organized  Octolter,  1880, 
by  an  association  of  students  interested  in  sci- 
ence, to  consider  topics  of  natural  and  social  sci- 
ence. They  meet  every  Sunday  afternoon  from 
two,  to  four;  the  first  hour  is  devoted  to  topics  of 
natural  science,  and  the  second  hour  to  social  sci- 
ence. During  the  sxmimer  season  they  expect  to 
do  some  field  work  in  botany,  geology,  etc.  Pres- 
ent officers,  C.  H.  Du  Bois,  president;  A.  M. 
Greeley,  vice-president;  T.  S.  Curtis,  secretary, 
V.  Truesdale,  treasurer. 


4S8 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Liirliue  Boat  Club  of  Minneapolis,  organized 
and  incorporated  July  Otli.  1877.  The  present  of- 
ficers are.  L.  E.  Harrison,  president;  J.  Kennedy, 
vice-president:  AV.  W.  Ross,  secretaiy;  Ed.  B 
Clement,  treasurer;  A.  J.  Levering,  captain;  M" 
II.  Eddy,  coxswain;  tlirectors.  A.  J.  Levering.  W. 
E.  Burwell,  A.  A.  Pond:  L.  E.  Harrison,  ten- 
dered his  resignation  December  1,  1880,  which 
was  accepted,  and  George  Webster,  elected  to  the 
vacancy.  The  club  numbers  forty  membei-s.  and 
is  in  a  flourishing  condition,  financially  and  oth- 
erwise. Their  boat-house  is  located  on  the  east 
side  of  Lake  Calhoun. 

Minneaixilis  Drivmg  Park  Asssociation.  This 
association  was  organized  in  March,  1880.  It 
numbers  one  hundred  members,  and  is  in  a  pros- 
perous condition.  The  treasurer  has  at  this  date 
about  live  hundred  dollars  m  the  treasurj-.  It  is 
the  intention  of  the  association  to  make  arrange- 
ments with  the  owners  of  the  fair  ground 
track  to  continue  the  use  of  the  same  for  the  en- 
suing year.  The  present  oflBcers  are,  F.  C.  Pills- 
bury,  president;  J.  L.  Cadwell,  vice-president.  J. 
C.  Oswald,  treasurer;  S.  B.  Lovejo> .  secretary; 
executive  committee;  J.  C.  Oswald,  G.  L.  Cad- 
well. S.  B.  Lovejoy.  F.  C.  PlllsV)Hry.  R.  F.  Jones. 
AVilliam  Ensign. 

The  Union  A'eteran  Association  of  Hennepin 
county  was  organized  June,  2-lth,  1880,  pursuant 
to  arrangements  made  at  Grand  Army  lot.  Lay- 
men cemetery  on  Decoration  day.  in  1880. 
About  seventy-five  comrades  took  part  in  the  or- 
ganization. Meetings  held  second  Tuesday  of 
each  month.  Firet  oflicers  were:  Col.  R.  C.  Benton, 
president :  John  P.  Rea.  first  vice-president ;  H. 
G.  Hicks,  second  vice-president ;  W.  P.  Roberts, 
secretary:  C.  A.  Clauson,  treasurer.  Meetings 
held  regularly  until  January.  1881.  when  it  was 
unanimously  resolved  to  organize  the  association 
into  a  post  (irand  Arm\-  of  the  Republic,  and  the 
result  was  (ieorge  N.  ^Morgan  Post  No.  4.  Or- 
ganized January  18th.  1881.  by  Adam  Maity.  dep- 
puty  commander,  with  forty-five  membei's.  The 
first  officers  were:  John  P.  Rea,  commander; 
David  M.  Gilmore.  senior  vice-commander:  Pres- 
ton Cooper,  junior  vice-commander;  William  P. 
Roberts,  adjutant;  Charles  A.  Clauson.  quarter- 
master ;  Peter  P.  Swensou.  otticer  of  the  day  ;  E. 
C.  Babb,  chaplaui :  Alfred  F.  Foster,  otticer  of 
the  guard ;  C.  B.  Tirrill,  sergeant  major ;  Lewis 


Maish,  quartermaster's  sergeant.    Meetings  held 
on  the  second  and  fourth  Tuesday  of  each  month. 

The  Bar  Association  of  Hennepin  County, 
was  organized  in  1872.  The  object  of  this  asso- 
ciation is  to  foster  courtesy  and  unity  of  senti- 
ment among  its  members;  to  raise  the  Bar  of  the 
county  to  the  highest  plane  of  etliciency  and 
honor,  and  to  further  all  projects  tending  to  im- 
prove the  law,  and  the  practice  of  it.  Any  mem- 
ber of  the  bar  of  this  county  in  good  standing, 
may  become  a  member  of  this  association  by  pay- 
ing an  annual  fee  of  two  dollars,  and  subscribing 
to  its  articles  of  association.  Officers.  Judge  A. 
H.  Young,  president ;  C.  H.  Woods,  secretarj'; 
Thomas  Lowry,  treasurer.  The  officers  of  the 
association  form  an  executive  committee,  who 
may  call  meetings  of  the  association  when- 
ever they  deem  it  necessary.  This  association  is 
composed  of  twenty-two  of  the  leading  lawyers  of 
the  city.  The  last  meeting  of  the  association 
was  held  at  the  office,  of  Shaw.  Levi  and  Cray, 
Januarj'  6th,  1881,  at  which  time  some  important 
business  connected  with  the  Bar  was  transacted. 
Tlie  present  ofiicers  are  J.  M.  Shaw,  president; 
C.  M.  Woods,  secretary ;  Thomas  Lowiy,  treas- 
urer. 

The  Junior  Bar  Association,  organized  Decem- 
ber 8th,  1879,  with  M.  P.  Koon.  president ;  C.  G. 
Park,  \'ice-president ;  John  F.  Byers,  secretary, 
A.  B.  Ovitt,  treasurer.  This  association  was  or- 
ganized for  the  purpose  of  mutual  improvement. 
The  design  was  to  have  lectiues  by  able  lawyers, 
and  papers  and  discussions  by  members  of  the  as- 
sociation. They  have  had  some  very  interesting 
meetings,  which  have  resulted  in  much  benefit 
to  its  twenty  members.  The  officers  of  1879  still 
hold  ottice. 

The  Historical  and  Old  Settler's  Association 
of  MinneapoUs,  was  organized  January  8th.  1867. 
The  first  meeting  of  the  association  was  held  at 
the  ottice  of  Judge  Atwater  to  perfect  their  or- 
ganization, and  the  election  of  the  following  offi- 
cers: A.  E.  Ames,  M.  D.,  president;  Allen  Har- 
mon and  John  RoUins,  vice-presidents;  Edwin 
lledderly.  treasurer;  B.  B.  Meeker,  secretary. 
The  following  gentlemen  were  appointed  com- 
mittee on  by-laws:  Isaac  Atwater,  J.  B.  Bassett, 
Ed\\-ard  Murphy.  James  II.  Canney,  R.  W.  Cum- 
mings,  A.  B.  Foster.  Object :  For  the  purpose 
of  preserving  in  soimd  authentic  form  the  early 


HUMANE  SOCIETIES. 


459 


incidents  and  events  connected  with  our  settle- 
ment, as  well  as  for  the  purpose  of  preserving 
friendships  early  formed  and  being  cherished. 
It  now  lias  a  membership  of  aliout  two  hundred 
and  fifty.  Its  present  officers  are  Col.  Jolni  II. 
Stevens,  president;  Caleb  Dorr,  vice-president; 
R.  P.  Russell,  treasurer;  John  G.  Lennon,  sec- 
retary. 

The  Frohsinn  Singing  Society  of  Minneapolis 
was  organized  August  15th,  1879.  The  present 
ofBcers  are:  Henry  Ilauschild,  president;  Will- 
iam Grotjen,  vice-president;  Joseph  Ranch, 
treasurer ;  Peter  Weinand,  secretary.  Music 
Committee — Charles  Fust,  William  Grotjen  and 
Ferdinand  Haase. 

Miameapolis  Bycycle  Club. — This  club  was  or- 
ganized in  March,  1880,  and  the  following  officers 
duly  elected:  C.  H.  Hathaway,  president,  C.  J. 
Brown,  secretary  and  treasurer;  E.  B.  Clement, 
captain.  It  has  at  present  twelve  active  mem- 
bers. Object — physical  training.  It  is  in  a  flour- 
ishing condition,  financially  and  socially. 

The  ^linneapolis  Art  Association. --This  asso- 
ciation was  organized  in  the  spring  of  1881,  the 
organizing  committee  consisting  of  Professor  R. 
W.  Laing,  J.  R.  Wilson,  Rev.  T.  M.  Riley,  C.  H. 
Du  Bois,  Mrs.  Dr.  Murray  and  iliss  Robson. 
The  scope  and  object  of  the  association  are  very 
well  expressed  in  the  following:  The  plan  of  the 
organization  contemplates  the  securing  of  suita- 
ble rooms  and  appointments,  the  formation  of  an 
art  library,  the  collection  of  works  of  art,  course 
of  lectures,  the  organization  of  art  classes,  stated 
exhibitions  of  works  of  art,  including  loan  ex- 
hibits from  Miimeapolis  and  other  cities,  and  such 
other  means  of  aesthetic  and  general  culture,  as 
lies  within  the  province  of  similar  associations. 
Its  officers  are  as  follows:  W.  S.  Ilinkle,  presi- 
dent; G.  B.  Kirkbride,  vice-president;  J.  K.  Wil- 
son, secretary;  E.  II.  Moidton,  treasurer.  The 
association  starts  off  with  over  one  hundred 
members,  and  with  excellent  prospects  for  the 
future. 

Harmonia.  A  German  society,  organized  Feb- 
ruary 9th,  1861,  for  the  purpose  of  cultivating 
singing,  art,  and  education  in  general.  The  fol- 
lowing were  the  offlcei-s  elected  at  the  time  of  its 
organization:  Alois  Knoblaucli,  president;  Fred 
Guesmer,  vice-president ;  Ileinrich  Rippe,  secre- 
tary ;  Cornelius  Frederich,  treasurer.    The  Har- 


monia Society  is  in  a  very  prosperous  condition, 
the  records  showing  a  memliership  of  one  hun- 
dred and  ninety-five.  They  have  an  excel- 
lent male-choir  of  thirty-two,  and  a  mixed  choir 
of  seventy-two  members.  They  also  liave  tlieat- 
ricals,  where  much  artistic  skill  is  displayed.  The 
present  officers  are :  Peter  Rauen,  president ; 
John  D.  Myer,  vice-president ;  Louis  Cressler, 
recording  secretary ;  C.  C.  Schultz,  financial  sec- 
retary ;  Alois  Knoblauch,  treasurer 

Minneapolis  Moral  and  Humane  Society.  This 
society  was  organized  XovemI)er  2oth,  1879.  Its 
object  shall  be  to  aid  in  educating  the  children 
and  youth  of  Minneapolis  to  be  honest,  moral 
and  humane,  both  to  human  beings  and  to  ani- 
mals. Section  three  provides  that  there  shall  be 
nothing  in  its  management  to  interfere  with  its 
receiving  the  full  support  of  all  good  persons  of 
all  parties  and  churclies  whatsoever.  Original 
otticers  :  president.  Rev.  E.  S.  Williams  ;  vice- 
presidents,  J.  S.  Pillsbury,  A.  C.  Rand,  General 
I.  V.  C.  Reeve,  Prof.  W.  W.  Folwell,  Major  W. 
Lyman,  Prof.  O.  V.  Tousley,  J.  H.  Tattle,  D.  D., 
Rev.  T.  M.  Riley,  G.  A.  Brackett,  Thomas  Low- 
ry,  D.  C.  Bell,  A.  B.  Ovitt,  William  Burwell,  Miss 
Ella  Lindley ;  secretary,  Mrs.  John  Douglass. 
The  duties  of  the  office  have  from  the  first  been 
discharged  by  Miss  Abby  A.  Judson,  who  is  the 
present  secretary.  The  treasurer  was  Mrs.  Paris 
Gibson.  The  meetings  are  held  the  first  Tuesday 
of  each  month,  at  Miss  Judson 's  school-room,  411 
Nicollet  Avenue.  Present  officers  are  :  Rev.  Dr. 
J.  H.  Tuttle,  president ;  Rev.  T.  M.  Riley,  vice- 
president;  Abby  A.  Judson,  secretary;  Mrs. 
Cummuigs,  treasurer. 

Anti-Cruelty  Society.  This,  called  the  >Iin- 
neapolis  brancli  of  jMiiuiesota  Anti-Cruelty  So- 
ciety for  the  prevention  of  cruelty  to  animals, 
was  organized  in  January,  1878;  first  president, 
Rev.  D.  B.  Knickerbacker,  1).  D.,  who  has  con- 
tinued its  president  ever  since.  First  vice-presi- 
dents, O.  V.  Tousley,  George  A.  Brackett,  J.  H. 
Clark;  treasurer,  W.  H.  Chamberlain;  secretary 
and  attorney,  Albert  B.  Ovitt.  Its  object  is  to 
provide  eifective  means  for  the  prevention  of  cru- 
elty to  animals  within  its  jurisdiction,  especially 
in  the  city  of  Minneapolis.  Its  annual  meeting 
occurs  on  the  second  Tuesday  in  January  of  each 
year. 

Cottage  Hospital.    This  excellent  institution 


460 


BISTORT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


was  founded  by  the  Brotherhood  of  Gethsemane. 
and  opened  for  the  reception  of  patients  in 
ilarc-h,  1871,  in  rented  building,  corner  of  Wash- 
ington Avenue  and  Xinth  Avenue  north.  About 
five  liundred  dollai-s  was  secured  for  furnishing 
the  building,  from  citizens  of  Minneapolis,  ila- 
sons  and  Odd  Fellows  contributed  liberally  to- 
wards it.  In  March,  1874,  a  house  and  lot,  corner 
of  Xuith  Avenue  south  and  Sixth  street  was 
purchased  of  Governor  C.  C.  Washburn,  at 
a  cost  of  six  thousand  five  hundred  dollars. 
;Money  being  contributed  by  the  citizens  of  Min- 
neapolis, and  secured  on  the  solicitations  of  D. 
B.  Knickerbacker  D.  D..  superintendent.  In 
1879-80.  two  additional  lots  were  purchased  ad- 
joining its  site,  at  a  cost  of  $2,100.  money  con- 
tributed as  before.  The  whole  number  of  pati- 
ents received  February  1st,  1881,  is  1,102,  of 
which  about  one  third  have  been  charity  or  free 
patients,  one  quarter  private  patients,  the  re- 
mainder, city  and  county.  As  yet,  the  Hospital 
has  no  endowment.  It  is  hoped  that  by  liberal 
donations  or  legacies  of  wealthy  citizens  of  Min- 
neapolis, it  may  Ijecome  a  free  hospital.     Rev.  D- 

B.  Knickerbacker  D.  D..  founder  and  superinten- 
dent: sister  Annette,  matron. 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association.  This  asso- 
ciation was  organized  July  11, 1866,  with  the  fol- 
lowing officers:    David  C.  Bell,  president :  Hon. 

C.  E.  ^'auderburgh.  vice-president :  A.  W.  AVil- 
liamson  second  vice-president :  J.  A.  Wolverton, 
corresponding  secretary:  C.  J.  Johnson,  recording 
secretary:  CD.  Da\idson.  treasurer.  The  rooms 
first  occupied  were  situated  between  First  street 
and  the  Suspension  bridge.  Several  other  places 
were  occupied  from  time  to  time,  until  1877, 
when  the  association  leased  part  of  the  Market 
building  for  a  term  of  ten  years,  and  fitted  it  up 
with  a  hall  capable  of  seating  1.100  persons, 
and  a  parlor  used  as  a  lecture  room,  a  reading 
room,  and  a  gymnasium.  They  also  have  a  room 
that  they  rent  to  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  in  which  they 
hold  meetings.  In  September.  1877,  they  gave  up 
the  use  of  the  hall  in  the  Market  house.  recei\-ing 
the  balance  of  the  room  free  for  so  doing.  Upon 
their  tables  for  ft-ee  reading  can  be  found  about 
sixty  periodicals,  and  readers  are  found  for  all  of 
them.  A  membership  fee  of  two  dollars  per  year 
entitles  one  to  the  use  of  the  gymnasium,  wliich 
is  Uberally  patronized.    The  rooms  are  open  every 


week  day  from  8  a.  ji.  to  9  p.  m.  The  secretaries 
office  is  in  the  buUding,  where  he  can  be  foimd 
during  open  houre,  ready  to  give  any  information 
requh-ed  by  the  needy  or  curious.  The  member- 
ship in  1878  was  149.  Finding  themselves  weak 
financially  they  concluded  not  to  engage  a  secretar> 
for  that  year.  From  having  no  one  to  particular- 
ly look  after  the  affairs  of  the  association,  it  de- 
clined to  about  nineti.'.  J.  C.  Huntington  was 
elected  secretary  December  1st,  1879.  Since  then 
the  membership  has  increased  and  February  loth, 
1881,  they  had  about  three  hundred  members. 
The  present  officers  are:  George  Blake,  presi- 
dent ;  G.  B.  Bradbury  aud  D.  D.  Whitney,  \-ice- 
presidents;  G.R. Lyman, treasurer;  W  A. Ram- 
sey, recording  secretary ;  J.  C.  Huntington, 
general  secretary.  Regular  meetings  of  the  board 
the  second  Monday  of  each  month. 

Minneapolis  Free  Dispensary.  This  institu- 
tion was  founded  in  1878.  by  Hon.  C.  A.  PiUs- 
buiy.  George  A.  Brackett,  C.  M.  Loring,  A.  B. 
Barton,  E.  S.  Jones.  Its  object  is  to  treat  with- 
out charge  any  of  the  deseiTing  poor  who  may 
apply.  It  is  located  at  Xo.  208  Second  street 
south.  The  buildings  are  owned  and  held  in 
trust  by  the  present  board  of  directors.  The  in- 
stitution is  chartered.  It  has  ti'eated  nearly 
3,000  patients  since  its  organization.  During  the 
year  ending  December  31st,  1880,  1,292,  patients 
were  treated.  It  is  open  "from  1  to  2  p.  3i.  each 
day,  Sundays  excepted.  A  couple  of  competent 
physicians  and  surgeons  are  in  attendance.  It 
has  been  supported  almost  entirely  by  the  liberal- 
ity of  a  few  of  the  directors.  Some  funds,  medi- 
cine and  clothing  have  been  furnished  by  drug- 
gists and  others.  Contributions  may  be  handed 
to  the  treasurer.  E.  S.  Jones,  which  will  be  prop- 
erly applied.  The  present  officers  are:  George  A. 
Pillsbury,  president;  F.  S.  Hinkle,  secretary;  E. 
S.  Jones,  treasurer:  directors — C.  il.  Lormg.  A. 
M.  Keith,  (i.  A.  Brackett.  C.  A.  Pillsbury. 

The  AVoman"s  Christian  Association.  This  as- 
sociation was  organized  in  1868  for  the  relief  of 
the  poor  and  distressed.  Its  officei-s  are:  Mrs.  C. 
G.  Goodrich,  president:  Mrs.  A.  C.  Morgan  and 
Mrs.  Dr.  LiniUey,  vice-presidents;  Mrs.  J.  B. 
Hanson,  recording  secretary:  Mrs.  A.  C.  Morgan, 
corresponding  secretary:  Mrs.  S.  F.  Hauce.  treas- 
urer. Report  of  the  finance  committee  for  the 
■  year  1880:   received  from  Free  Baptist  church. 


TEIIPHRANCE  SOCIETIES. 


461 


$23.30;  First  Presbyterian,  56.75;  Plymouth  Con- 
gegational,  §195.52;  First  Baptist  church,  §90.50; 
AVestminster,  ?;93.50;  Centenar\-  Methodist,  !f98.- 
93;  Friends,  $10.95;  Seventh  Street  Metliodist, 
$9.00;  Second  Congregational,  $22.80;  Franklin 
Avenue  Methodist,  §8.77;  excursion  to  Lal<:e  Park, 
$76.58;  concert  for  Industrial  school,  .|14(i.00; 
Thanksgiving  collection,  $77.25;  miscellaneous 
contributions,  $169.35.  Total,  $1,023.20.  Dis- • 
bursements:  visitors'  salary,  $600;  for  benev- 
olent pm'poses,  $103.31;  expense  of  Gospel  meet- 
ings, |5. 92;  paid  treasurer  of  home,  136.12;  ward- 
robe for  visitors'  use,  $7.87;  for  musical  instruc- 
tion for  Industrial  school,  $12.00;  for  organ.  $97.- 
00.    Balance,  $160.98.    Total,  $1,023.20. 

The  Woman's  Home  is  connected  with  the 
AVoman's  Christian  Association,  and  is  a  branch 
of  the  work.  It  was  organized  in  1875.  Its  par- 
ticular object  is  to  furnish  board  at  low  rates,  to 
working  girls  hi  want  of  such  a  home.  It  is  called 
the  woman's  boarding-house,  and  gives  them  the 
advantages  of  a  good  home,  which  they  could  not 
otherwise  obtain  ;  also  furnishing  temporary  lodg- 
ings and  meals  for  those  who  are  unable  to  pay 
for  them,  and  thus  keeping  them  from  begging. 
During  the  past  year  they  have  given  about 
twenty-seven  weeks  board  without  compensation. 
Board  ranges  from  two  to  five  dollars  per  week, 
depending  on  the  size  and  location  of  the  room. 
The  table  advantages  are  the  same  to  all.  The 
new  building  cost  $12,000.  and  is  paid  for  in  full. 
It  is  located  at  No.  409  Sixth  street  south,  has 
accommodations  for  thirty  boarders,  and  is  in 
charge  of  a  matron.  Its  present  officers  are : 
Mrs.  A.  F.  Hale,  president ;  Mrs.  Charles  Gove, 
vice-president ;  Mrs.  E.  V.  White;  secretary ; 
Mrs.  E.  S.  Jones,  treasurer ;  reception  committee. 
Mrs.  Dr.  Lindley,  Mrs.  W.  M.  Harrison,  Mrs.  A.  F. 
Hale;  purchasuig  committee,  Mrs.  Levi  Butler, 
N.  M.  Harris. 

The  industrial  school.  This  is  another  branch  of 
the  work  of  the  Woman's  Christian  Association. 
It  was  conducted  Saturday  afternoons  during  tlie 
■winter,  and  is  designed  to  teach  the  children  of 
the  poor  to  sew,  presenting  them  with  the  gar- 
ments after  they  are  made  up.  One  liundred  and 
twenty-seven  children  were  taught  during  the 
past  year.  Average  attendance  of  teachers, 
twelve.  Average  scholars,  forty.  Superintendent, 
secretary  and  treasurer,  Miss  E.  Taylor  and  Miss 


Emily  J.  Gray.  There  is  another  department  of 
the  Woman's  Christian  Association,  viz.,  the  vis- 
iting of  the  poor  and  relieving  them  by  small  do- 
nations of  money,  but  cliiefly  by  donations  of 
clothing.  The  lady  visitor.  Miss  Emily  J.  Gray, 
is  hired  by  tlie  association,  and  gives  her  entire 
services  to  the  work.  During  tlie  year  past  she 
has  made  672  visits,  and  received  827.  Families 
visited,  170.  Articles  of  clothing  received,  2,531. 
Articles  of  clothing  distributed,  2,000.  Articles 
of  liedding  received,  seventy-three.  Articles  of 
bedding  distributed,  sixty-one.  Families  assisted 
with  groceries,  provisions,  and  fuel,  sixty-nine. 
Families  assisted  by  rent  and  loans,  fifteen.  Per- 
sons assisted  by  furnishing  work,  tvventy.  Num- 
ber of  books  received,  sixty.  Number  of  books 
lent,  fifty-six;  given  away,  eight.  Number  of 
papers,  tracts,  and  periodicals  given  away,  1,415. 
Number  of  meetings  held,  seventy. 

The  Catholic  Orphan  Asylum  for  boys  only. 
Third  .street  and  Sixth  Avenue  north.  This  is  a 
diocesan  institution  under  the  charge  of  the  Sis- 
ters of  St.  Josepli,  eight  of  whom  have  forty-two 
orphans  boys  in  their  care.  Tlie  asylum  for  girls 
is  located  at  St.  Paul.  The  asylum  is  supported 
by  annual  collections  ipade  at  Easter,  and  by  vol- 
untary contributions.  The  managers  are  a  cor- 
poration of  which  the  Bishop  of  St.  Paul  is  pres- 
ident, and  is  composed  of  six  laymen  and  four 
priests.  Children  are  given  for  adoption  to  those 
only  who  are  of  excellent  character  and  have  no 
children.  The  larger  boys  are  sent  to  tlie  indus- 
trial school  at  Clontarf .  Swift  county. 

Minneapolis  Temperance  Reform  Club.  This 
society  was  organized  in  June,  1877,  and  is  the 
result  of  a  temperance  revival  held  in  Market 
hall  by  Thomas  N.  Doutney,  of  Burlington,  Ver- 
mont, assisted  by  W.  W.  Satterlee  and  other  local 
workers.  A.  H.  Young  was  elected  the  first 
president  of  the  club.  It  is  the  largest  organiza- 
tion of  the  kind  in  tlie  north-west,  has  about 
four  Ihousand  members,  and  holds  two  or  three 
meetings  each  week.  The  principal  officers  are, 
G.  L.  llobmson,  president;  L.  Roberts,  secretary; 
AV.  ^V.  Satterlee,  chaplain. 

St.  Anthony  Lodge,  No.  1,  I.  O.  (i.  T.  Lodge 
was  organized,  October  8th,  1859,  by  Dr.  John 
Quegley,  one  of  the  pioneer  temperance  workers 
of  the  state.  It  was  located  in  St.  Anthony,  and 
remained  there  until  1879,  when  it  was  suspended 


462 


HISTOBT  OF  HENKEPIN  COUNTY. 


for  a  brief  period,  and  reinstated  by  J.  C.  Irving, 
in  the  west  division.  The  principal  officers  are, 
M.  P.  Satterlee,  W.  C.  T.:  Florence  Stedman, 
W.  A'.  T.:  E.  Witdiie,  "W.  S.;  Silas  iloffitt,  L. 
D.  The  lodge  meets  everj-  Saturday  evening  at 
Hush's  hall. 

Minne-lia-ha  Lodge.  Xo.  H.  I.  ().  (J.  T.  This 
lodge  organized  vnth  thirty  charter  members, 
only  two  of  whom,  S.  T.  Ferguson  and  C.  W. 
Clark,  are  now  membere.  At  one  time  after  the 
war.  the  lodge  liad  four  hundred  membere  in 
good  standing,  and  now  has  about  foiu"  thousand. 
The  first  principal  officers  were,  C.  W.  Clark,  W. 
C.  T.:  Mrs.  L.  M.  Chapman.  W.  Y.  T.;  J.  A. 
AVilliams.  secretary;  Mi?s  Lucy  Adair,  treasurer; 
F.  H.  Hill,  mai-shal. 

Father  Matthew  Total  Abstinence  Society,  Im- 
maculate Conception  Parisli.  Minneapolis,  organ- 
ized in  1860,  witb  fomteen  charter  membere. 
The  first  officers  were  :  Morris  Gleason,  presi- 
dent ;  John  Kennedy,  secretary ;  Stephen  Mc- 
Bride,  treasurer.  The  average  number  of  mem- 
bere per  year  on  the  roU  for  six  years  is  122 ; 
mmiber  who  took  the  pledge  and  joined  m  six 
yeare.  243:  the  members  in  good  standing  now 
number  seventy.  The  present  officers  are:  A. 
B.  Page,  president ;  J.  B.  Dohertj',  vice-presi- 
dent :  James  Burns,  recording  secretary;  P.  IL 
Prendergast.  treasurer. 

Women's  Christian  Temperance  Union  was 
organized  April  11th,  1877.  The  first  officers 
were:  Mrs.  T.  B.  "SValker,  president ;  Mrs.  C.  M. 
Boardman.  secretary:  Mrs.  O.  S.  Griffith,  treas- 
lU'er.  The  present  officei-s  are :  Mrs.  R.  H. 
Tripp,  president:  Mre.  O.  J.  Grittith,  correspond- 
ing secretary ;  Miss  A.  M.  Henderson,  recording 
secretary;  Mrs.  H.  T.  Molfitt,  treasurer. 

Ladies''  Hebrew  Benevolent  Society  was  organ- 
ized for  charitaltle  purposes  ui  April.  1877.  Pres- 
ent officei-s  :  ^Irs.  Mary  'Wertli.  president;  Mrs. 
M.  Wilks,  secretary;  Mrs.  C.  SkoU,  treasurer. 
This  society  is  in  good  financial  condition,  and  is 
doing  a  good  work  among  the  poor  of  all  denom- 
mations. 

The  Mimiesota  Temperance  and  Proliibition 
Alliance  was  formed  for  the  purpose  of  bringing 
the  temperance  cause  into  shape  politically,  and 
was  incorporated  April  1,  ISSO.  The  offlcere  to 
be  chosen  annually,  and  meetings  to  be  held  in 
February  of  each  year.    The  officers  are:    :Miner 


Ball,  president;  M.  T.  Anderson,  secretary;  Silas 
Mofiitt,  treasurer.  Directors — J.  JL  Durnam, 
R.  P.  Lupton,  A.  AVilley,  C.  J.  West.  G.  AV.  Green, 
W.  W.  Slocum.  J.  C.  Child,  J.  E.  Stewart,  J.  C. 
Stearns.  AV.  H.  Knowles. 

Brotherhood  of  Gethsemane  was  organized 
February,  1869,  with  the  foUowuig  officers :  Rev. 
D.  B.  KnickerV)acker.  I).  I).,  president ;  A.  E. 
Ames.  M.  D..  \ice-president ;  W.  H.  Chamber- 
lain, treasurer:  S.  B.  Cowdry.  secretary.  Tlie 
object  of  this  organization  is  to  promote  cliurch 
work  among  the  laymen  of  Gethsemane  parish, 
by  means  of  an  effort  that  shall  conduce  to  mu- 
tual sympathetic  improvement,  and  to  systema- 
tise work  of  mercy  to  the  bodies  and  souls  of  all 
who  need  its  ministrations.  Each  member  signs 
the  following  declaration:  "I  desire  to  engage  in 
chiurch  work  in  union  with  the  Brotherhood  of 
the  Church  of  tiethsemane.  and  I  agree  to  per- 
form to  the  best  of  my  abiUty,  the  duties  which 
may  be  assigned  to  me  in  accordance  with  its 
provisions."  Present  officers:  D.  B.  Knicker- 
backer.  D.  D..  president:  O.  T.  Tuttle.  vice- 
president:  F.  B.  Dodge,  secretary:  'W.  II.  Cham- 
berlain, treasurer.  Board  of  managers.  Dr.  W. 
D.  Lawrence,  S.  A.  Mareh.  J.  A.  Thompson. 
The  Brotherhood  of  Gethsemane  owns  the  fol- 
lowing property:  Cottage  hospital,  value  including 
furniture,  etc.,  S13.(I0():  St.  Andrew's  chapel, 
$2,000:  Grace  chapel.  $1,000:  Minnetonka  chapel, 
?1,000:  Oak  Grove  chapel,  11.000;  lots,  SIOO. 

Ladies  Missionary  and  Parish  Aid  Society  or- 
ganized in  18.57.  President.  Mre.  M.  B.  Harvey; 
secretary  and  treasurer.  Miss  Mary  F.  Abraham. 
It  has  been  in  active  operation  ever  since,  and 
has  done  much  good  work  for  the  parish  of  Geth- 
semane, havmg  raised  on  an  average  aljout  three 
hundred  dollars  a  year  for  parochial  and  mission- 
ary work.  President.  Mre.  A.  B.  Coe:  secretary 
and  treasiurer.  Mary  T.  Abraham. 

Young  Ladies  Association  organized  in  1870, 
and  has  been  a  useful  auxilliary  in  the  work  of 
Gethsemane  church.  Otticers— iliss  Kate  Len- 
non,  president:  Miss  Etta  Thompson,  secretary 
and  treasurer. 

Irving  Club.  Yoimg  Peoples  Association,which 
existed  several  yeare.  for  the  promotion  of  Uterary 
pursuits,  was  merged  in  the  whiter  of  18S0-1,  into 
the  Irsing  Club,  an  active  association  ha\lng  the 
same  object  in  view. 


CHURCH  ORGANIZATIONS. 


463 


CHAPTER   LXXir. 


CHURCHES. 


Aside  from  their  distinctive  influence  as  God's 
instruments  for  the  salvation  of  men,  cluirches 
liave  a  conservative  influence  on  society  tliat  is 
felt  even  by  those  who  never  pass  their  tlu'esh- 
olds. 

The  foreign  element  which  constitutes  so  large 
a  proportion  of  the  population  of  the  north-west, 
impregnates  society  with  the  usages  of  the  old 
world.  Foreigners,  who  come  here  to  enjoy  the 
advantages  of  our  institutions,  seem  to  forget  that 
insofar  as  their  old  country  practices  are  substi- 
tuted for  those  of  the  country  of  their  adoption, 
just  so  far,  it  becomes  like  what  was  left  behind 
and  their  investments  here  as  well  as  their  pros- 
pects are  diminished  in  value. 

Doubtless  the  puritan  estimate  of  the  Sabbath, 
which  lias  already  become  unpopular  even  in 
New  England,  will  become  more  and  more 
obsolete,  and  can  never  find  harborage  in  the  so- 
ciety of  the  north-west,  still  the  time  must  come 
when  a  respectful  observance  of  the  Sabbath  will 
be  considered  the  only  respectable  usage. 

The  mfluence,  which  must  bring  about  this  re- 
sult and  operate  as  the  conservator  of  society 
against  the  coiuiter-influence  of  increasing  for- 
eign population,  must  come  from  the  great  con- 
servator, the  church.  Tlie  church  must  restrain 
Sabbath-breaking,  driuikenness,  licentiousness 
and  all  the  array  of  vices,  not  alone  by  converting 
men,  as  the  term  is  commonly  iniderstod,  but  by 
controlling  public  opinion  and  making  all  irregu- 
larities of  life  disreputable.  The  Bible  is  always 
in  the  vanguard  of  civilization  and  homes  cannot 
exist  without  churches.  The  external  church  is  a 
religious  organization,  and  its  indicator  the 
chmch  edifice,  are  each  respected  by  all,  and, 
though  the  latter  is  often  a  means  of  display,  or 
the  result  of  a  superstition  that  did  not  die  with 
the  temporal  power  of  the  pope,  viz:  that  munifi- 
cent gifts  buy  indulgence  for  sin,  still  they  are 
usually  the  outgrowth  of  deep  religious  sentiment. 
Such  we  may  charitably  believe  influenced  the 
establishment  of  all  forms  of  Christian  religion 


here  represented;  witness  the  missionary  strug- 
gles by  which  the  territory  was  first  pre-empted 
for  the  cross  and  the  self-sacrificing  labors  of  the 
pioneers,  to  build  and  sustain  them  in  their  in- 
fancy. The  names  I'ond,  Riggs,  Williamson, 
Fathers  (ialtier  and  Raveaux,  and  many  others 
are  immortal.  The  feeble  beginnings  have  long 
since  given  place  to  sti-ong  organizations  and  the 
field,  first  occupied  by  one  church,  is  shared 
by  many.  Mumeapolis  has  to-day  sixty 
churches,  representing  nearly  all  the  denomina- 
tions which  accept  the  Bible  as  their  basis  of  faith. 
The  ^ilethodists  are  represented  by  eleven,  the 
Baptists  and  Eiiiscopalians  each  by  eight,  the 
Scandinavian  Lutheran  by  seven,  the  Catholics 
by  six,  the  Presbyterians  by  five,  the  Congrega- 
tionalists  b'y  four,  the  Evangelical  Association 
and  the  German  Lutheran  each  by  two,  the  Ad- 
ventists.  Friends,  Hebrews  and  Universalists 
each  by  one.  Many  of  these  churches  have  houses 
of  worship  that  are  models  of  architecture  and 
internal  finish.  The  Cliurch  of  the  Redeemer 
stands  foremost,  and  is  a  witnes  of  the  generosity 
of  its  founders;  the  Plymouth,  St.  Marks  and 
Immaculate  Conception  are  important  features  of 
the  city.  Several  in  process  of  construction  by 
societies,  that  have  outgrown  in  numbers  and 
wealth,  tlieir  more  modest  quarters,  will  rival 
those  now  in  existence.  The  Westmenster  on 
Nicollet  Avenue,  and  the  Hennepin  Avenue 
Tabernacle  exhibit  already,  evidence  of  their  fu- 
tiu'e  stiiteliness. 

CATHOLIC  ClirRCHES. 

In  1838,  St.  Anthony  was  included  in  the  Dio- 
cese of  Archbishop  Ilenni,  of  Milwaukee,  and 
under  his  direction.  Father  Galtier  visited  this 
place  as  a  missionary.  Tvi'o  years  later  Father 
Raveaux,  then  stationed  atMendotaand  St.  Paul, 
pm'chased  the  land  where  now  stands  the  church 
and  other  buildings  of  tlie'  St.  Anthony  of  Pa- 
dua, and  in  1849,  commenced  the  frame  building, 
first  used  as  a  church.  In  1851,  Father  Ledow 
was  stationed  here,  and  at  once  set  about  the 
completion  of  the  church,  building  a  residence  at 
the  same  time.  lie  was  succeeded  in  185.5,  by 
Father  Fayolle,  who  remained  until  1860,  during 
which  time  he  commenced  the  erection  of  the 
present  church  edifice,  a  stone  building  6.5x140 
feet,  on  the  corner  of  Ninth  A\enue  north  and 


464 


EISTOBY  OF  HENIs'EPIN  COUNTY. 


Main  street.  East  Division.  In  the  summer  of 
18(30,  his  overtaxed  mental  powers  yielded  to  the 
weight  of  financial  embarrassment,  and  necessi- 
tated his  removal.  He  is  still  living,  an  inmate 
of  an  Asylum  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri.  Following 
the  removal  of  the  nnfortimate  Father  Fayolle,  in 
Jmie,  1860.  Father  John  McDermott  arrived  here 
and  remained  in  charge  until  1866,  completing 
the  church,  and  building  a  school-house,  and  es- 
tablishing the  lirst  parochial  school  in  the  city. 
In  November.  1866,  Father  Tissot  took  charge, 
and  the  spring  following,  began  the  erection  of 
tlie  present  substantial  stone  residence,  the  wood- 
en building  having  been  assigned  to  other  pur- 
poses. Another  school-house  for  a  hoys"  school 
was  built  in  1870,  and  in  1874,  still  another  be- 
tween the  two  builduigs  already  finished  with  ad- 
joinuig  wall,  thus  unituig  all  under  one  roof. 

The  conventional  and  parochial  church  of 
Holy  Eosary.  is  situated  on  the  comer  of  Fifth 
street  and  Xinteenth  Avenue  south.  It  was 
built  by  Father  Power,  and  dedicated  on  Eosarj- 
Sunday.  1878.  It  is  a  neat  wooden  building, 
50x120  feet  in  size,  and  pleasantly  located. 

Order  of  St.  Benedict.— The  firet  membere 
of  this  order  who  came  to  Minnesota  anived  at 
St.  Paul  in  ilay,  1856,  and  on  March  6th,  1857, 
were  granted  a  charter  from  the  territorial  legis- 
lature. •Since  then  their  numerical  strength  has 
steadily  increased,  until  now  they  are  among  the 
most  vigorous  sectarian  bodies  in  the  state,  hav- 
ing two  churches  ui  Miimeapolis,  under  whose 
supervision  are  two  schools  in  the  city,  and  two 
missions  in  Hennepin  coimty.  The  first  church 
built  in  Miimeapolis  by  this  order  was  under  the 
tliiection  of  Father  Gahr.  who  organized  a  society 
here  about  the  year  1859,  and  the  same  year  built 
a  church  on  the  corner  of  Fourth  street  and  Six- 
teenth Avenue  north-east,  which  in  1866  was  re- 
moved to  Xo.  1001  Main  street  north,  and  subse- 
quently torn  dovi-n  and  used  in  building  the 
Sisters"  house  on  the  giounds  of  the  St.  Boniface 
church.  The  priests  who  have  successively  been 
in  charge  of  the  organization  here  are:  Fathers 
Sherer,  Korring.  Meyer.  Maly.  Hilkaer,  Holtzer. 
"Wirth.  Mocliren,  and  Eajgelj.the  present  uicum- 
bent.  The  order  has  built  and  now  owns  the 
two  following  churches. 

St.  Boniface  Church,  O.  S.  B.— This  elegant 
structure  is  located  on  the  comer  of  Seventh  Av- 


enue north  and  Second  street,  East  Di%ision.  It 
was  buUt  in  1873,  under  the  direction  of  Father 
■\Virth.  and  is  of  modem  design  45x90  feet.  In 
connection  with  the  church  is  a  school  under  the 
direction  of  the  Sisters  of  Christian  Charity. 
They  occupy  a  building  28x60  feet,  with  three 
class  rooms,  and  have  an  average  daily  attend- 
ance of  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  pupils. 

The  St.  Joseph "s  Church  is  a  wooden  structure 
35x80  feet,  and  is  located  on  the  corner  of  Second 
street  and  Tenth  Avenvie  north.  It  was  built  in 
1870,  and  used  as  a  mission  school  until  1875,  be- 
ing visited  at  regular  intervals  by  Fathers  Hill- 
mer.  Holtzer  and  "Wirth.  in  the  order  of  their 
succession.  In  1875  it  was  converted  into  a  par- 
ish, with  Father  Stuckenkamper  in  charge.  He 
at  once  commenced  the  erection  of  a  fine  resi- 
dence, which  has  since  been  occupied  V)y  himself 
and  his  successors.  Following  him  m  the  order 
given  were  Fathere  Capser.  Kuisle.  and  in  .Janu- 
ary, 1879.  Father  Salzeder.  the  present  incumbent, 
who  is  ably  assisted  by  Father  Bader.  The 
church  now  includes  about  one  hundred  families 
— all  Germans. 

The  Church  of  the  Immaculate  Conception  is 
an  elegant  and  imposing  stone  structure,  located 
on  the  comer  of  Third  street  and  Third  Avenue 
north.  The  building  is  cruciform.  135x65  and 
68  feet.  Its  erection  was  commenced  in  1868  and 
finished  in  1871 .  Standing  by  the  side  of  it  is 
Catholic  Association  HaU,  a  commodious  brick 
building  erected  in  1879-"80.  Tlie  basement  is 
devoted  to  the  total  abstmence  and  benevolent 
associations.  The  upper  or  second  floor  is  divid- 
ed througli  the  c?nter  by  folding  dooi-s.  by  which 
arrangement  it  may  be  used  as  a  single  hall  or  as 
two  rooms.  The  groimd  ou  which  tliis  church 
stands  was  pm-chased  by  Father  McPermott  in 
January,  1866.  during  his  connection  with  St.  An- 
thony of  Padua,  lie  also  erected  a  two-story 
school-house  on  the  groimds  the  same  year, 
which  remained  until  1878,  when  it  was  destroyed 
by  fire. 

Our  Lady  of  Lourdes.  In  1877  Father  Brunei 
arrived  here  from  Canada,  and  organized  a  society 
from  the  Canadian  French  then  belonging  to 
Father  Tissot "s  church.  The  stone  building  on 
Prince  street,  formerly  used  by  the  Universalists, 
was  purchased,  and  is  now  known  as  the  church 
of  Our  Ladv  of  Lourdes.    Kev.  Z.  L.  Chandon 


METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CBUBCHES. 


465 


net  succeeded  Father  Brunei  in  December.  1879, 
and  is  still  in  charge 

PAROCHIAL  SCHOOLS. 

Between  the  years  of  1860  and  1866.  Father 
McDennott  arrived  in  the  city  of  Minneapolis, 
and  built  tlie  first  school-house  in  which  a  paro- 
chial school  was  opened  in  the  city.  The  school 
is  located  near  tlie  corner  of  Ninth  Avenue  north 
and  Main  street,  East  Division.  Anotlier  school- 
house  was  erected  for  boys  in  1870,  and  in  1874 
still  another,  lietween  the  two  buildings  already 
finished,  witli  adjoining  walls,  thereljy  uniting  all 
under  one  root. 

St.  Boniface  church,  O.  S.  B.  liave  a  school  lo- 
cated on  the  corner  of  Seventh  Avenue  north  and 
Second  street.  East  Division,  built  in  1873,  whicli 
is  under  the  supervision  of  the  Sisters  of  Chris- 
tian Charity.  They  occupy  a  building  28x60,  with 
three  class-rooms,  and  have  an  average  daily  at- 
tendance of  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  pupils. 

The  Convent  of  the  Holy  Angels,  under  the 
supervision  of  the  Sisters  of  St.  Joseph,  was  es- 
tablished in  tlie  fall  of  1877,  and  is  located  at  the 
corner  of  Tliird  street  and  Second  Avenue  north. 
In  tlie  convent  is  a  private  school  for  girls,  eon- 
ducted  by  Sister  St.  John.  All  the  higher  branches 
are  taught,  and  the  thoroughness  of  the  teacher 
is  manifested  in  the  high  standing  of  the  gradu- 
ates. Tlie  average  number  of  inipils  is  about 
eighty.  In  connection  with  the  convent  is  the 
Sodality  of  the  Blessed  Virgin,  a  society  estab- 
lished several  years  since,  presided  over  by  one  of 
the  sisters,  and  is  open  to  all  young  ladies  of  the 
parish.  Its  object  is  mutual  intercourse,  devo- 
tional exercises,  and  the  general  improveilient  of 
the  young  girls.  jVnotber  society,  accessible  only 
to  the  students  of  tlie  convent,  is  called  the  So- 
dality of  the  Holy  Angels.  It  was  organized  in 
1874,  its  object  being  mutual  improvement  and 
devotional  exercises. 

The  Convent  of  St.  Joseph's,  O.  S.  B.,  in  con- 
nection witli  the  Churcli  of  St.  Joseph's,  was  es- 
tablished in  the  autumn  of  1875,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  tlie  Sisters  of  St.  Benedict.  It  is  in  a 
separate  building  of  two  rooms,  one  twenty-four 
feet  square,  the  other  20x32  feet.  The  average 
daily  attendance  is  one  hundred. 

The  Convent  of  Holy  Rosary.  Standing  on  the 

same  grounds  with  the  cliurch  of  this  name,  is 
30 


the  convent,  whicli  is  under  the  direction  of 
Fatlier  Power.  It  is  a  neat  brick  building,  45x 
92  feet,  and  two  stories  high,  with  basement  of 
stone.  It  contains  a  large  number  of  airy  and 
very  comfortable  rooms.  Tlie  educational  de- 
partments are  in  charge  of  the  Dominican  sisters. 

METHODIST   EPISCOPAL   CHURCHES. 

The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Cliurch  was  or- 
ganized in  St.  Anthony,  in  1849,  Enos  Stephens 
pastor,  ^^ery  httle  reliable  information  can  be 
obtained  as  to  the  early  struggles,  difficulties  and 
successes  of  the  old  St.  Anthony  church.  Rev. 
Mr.  Newcomb  was,  we  believe,  the  next  preacher, 
Rev.  E.  C.  Jones  his  successor.  During  his  ad- 
ministration the  old  St.  Anthony  church  was  be- 
gun, in  1852.  Tills  was  one  of  the  first,  if  not 
the  first  Methodist  church  edifice  in  the  state. 
It  was  in  its  day  a  fine  building,  and  could  it 
speak  to-day,  would  tell  of  many  a  glorious  vic- 
tory won  for  God.  It  was  enlarged  from  time 
to  time  by  different  pastors,  until  the  pastorate 
of  the  Rev.  W.  W.  Satterlee,  in  1871-2,  when  it 
was  sold  for  secular  purposes,  to  make  room  for 
the  new  building.  The  parsonage  was  built  by 
Rev.  S.  Bolles,  and  was  then  as  it  is  yet,  one  of 
tlie  best  in  the  conference.  Rev.  J.  R.  Creighton 
succeeded  Rev.  S.  G.  Gale,  and  was  succeeded 
in  the  following  order:  Rev.  Harvey  Webb,  Rev. 
J.  W.  Martin,  Rev.  T.  McClary  in  October, 
1878,  wlio  is  still  occupying  the  field. 

The  Centenary  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  was 
organized  m  1855,  with  Rev.  William  C.  McDon- 
ald as  the  first  pastor.  In  1857  Mr.  McDonald 
was  succeeded  by  Rev.  J.  D.  Rich,  under  whose 
direction  the  first  church  was  built,  on  the  high 
ground  opposite  Wasliingtion  school  building  on 
Third  Avenue  south.  Tlie  building  and  ground 
at  that  time  was  valued  at  .|4,000.  In  1858,  Rev. 
T.  M.  Gossard  was  appointed  pastor,  followed  in 
1859  by  Rev.  J.  O.  Rich,  wliose  successor,  Rev. 
J.F.  Chaffee,  presided  over  tlie  church  during  the 
years  1860  and  1861.  In  September,  1862,  Rev. 
D.  Cobb  was  appointed  pastor,  and  was  returned 
in  1863.  At  tliis  time  the  church  numbered  167 
members,  seventeen  on  probation,  and  two  local 
preachers.  The  Sunday-school  at  this  time  had 
enrolled  240  scholars  and  possessed  a  library  of 
700  volumes. 

In  1863-4  tlie  lots  where  the  church  and  par- 


466 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


sonage  now  stand,  corner  of  First  Avenue  south 
and  Seventh  street,  were  purchased  and  paid  for 
by  the  Ladies"  Aid  Society,  of  which  Mrs.  "Wil- 
liam M.  Harrison  was  president.  In  1864  Kev.  Dr. 
John  Quigley  took  charge  for  two  years  and  ^vas 
relieved  liy  Hev.  J.  F.  Chaffee,  under  whose  ad- 
ministration of  three  years  the  present  church 
was  built  and  dedicated.  At  tliis  time  Centenary 
was  the  only  Methodist  church  in  Minneapolis. 
The  next  pastor  was  Rev.  J.  "W.  ]Mc(iregor,  of 
Ohio.  He  remained  one  year  and  was  followed 
by  G.  C.  Wells. 

During  the  pastorate  of  ]Mr.  A\'clls  the  parson- 
age was  built.  :Mr.  Wells  dying  shortly  after  its 
completion.  Rev.  Mr.  Fasig  was  appointed  to 
complete  his  unexpired  term. 

Xext  came  Eev.  A.  Ilollington.  who  remained 
one  year,  and  Rev.  S.  ^IcChesney,  the  latter  stay- 
ing two  years.  Dining  tlie  second  year  of  Mr. 
McChpsucy"s  administration,  about  seventy-four  of 
the  members  became  dissatisfied  witli  the  govern- 
ment of  the  church,  and  organized  what  is  now 
known  as  the  Hennepin  Avenue  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church. 

At  the  close  of  his  second  year  here,  Mr.  iMc- 
Chesney  was  transfened  back  to  Chicago,  and 
Kev.  D.  Cobb  appointed  in  his  place.  Mr.  Cobb 
remained  two  years,  and  at  the  close  of  the  sec- 
ond year  the  church  numbered  318  members,  with 
twenty-five  on  probation.  The  Sunday-schooj 
had  445  scholars,  thirty-seven  ofllcers  and  teach- 
ers, with  Col.  F.  Hooker,  superintendent.  After 
an  administration  of  two  years  Mr.  Cobb  was 
succeeded  by  Rev.  S.  W.  Lloyd,  who  staid  one 
year,  and  was  followed  by  the  present  pastor.  Rev. 
Dr.  "V^an  Anda,  of  Rochester,  New  York.  The 
present  membership  is  354.  The  sunday-school 
is  conducted  by  forty-one  officers  and  teachers, 
has  5(17  scholars  enrolled,  and  an  average  attend- 
ance of  409.  The  church  is  valued  at  ?;40,000, 
and  the  parsonage  at  ^6,000. 

The  Hennepin  Avenue  Methodist  Episcopal 
church  was  organized  in  1S75  Ijy  a  secession  of 
about  ninety  members  fnmi  Centenary  cluirch. 
The  Sunday-school  was  organized  in  the  Qtiaker 
church.  The  present  chnrch  building  was  com- 
menced in  the  middle  of  the  winter,  and  in  six 
Weeks  was  pushed  to  completion,  at  an  expense 
of  about  three  thousand  dollars,  and  dedicated 
by  Rev.  J.  F.  Chattee.   the  present  pastor.    Rev. 


AlonzoHoUington,  the  first  pastor,  continued  un- 
thefall  of  1876;  then  Rev.  C.  M.  Hurd  from  1876 
to  1879.  The  present  pastor.  Rev.  J.  F.  Chaffee, 
came  in  1879.  The  membership  of  the  church 
is  at  present  190;  the  Sunday-school  connect- 
ed with  the  chnrch  has  a  membership  of  250, 
under  the  charge  of  H.  D.  Wood,  suiieriuteud- 
ent.  The  new  church  now  building  on  the  corner 
of  Tenth  street  and  Hemiepin  Avenue,  is  of  red 
brick,  a  beautiful  and  stately  edifice,  which, 
when  completed,  will  cost  about  sixty  thousand 
dollars.  The  plan  includes  arrangements  for  one 
of  the  finest  and  largest  Sunday-school  rooms  in 
the  city. 

Tlie  Seventh  Street  ilethodist  Episcopal  Church 
was  started  by  a  proposition  from  H.  G.  Harrison 
to  give  the  entire  bill  of  lumber;  T.  A.  Harrison. 
$1,500;  Mi-s.  A.  IL  Golieen,  *8()();  L.  Day  ^:  Sons, 
$500.  October,  1870,  Rev.  J.  F.  Chaffee,  city 
missionary,  prosecuted  the  work  to  comjilptiDU. 
The  organization  took  place  at  a  meeting  held  in 
the  "Vine  street  church,  with  thirty-nine  members. 
The  church,  costing  $7,000  was  dedicated  July 
9th,  1871.  and  is  located  between  Eleventh  and 
Twelfth  Avenues  south.  On  the  16th,  a  Sabbath 
school  was  organized  with  ninety  members.  Rev. 
T.  McClary  was  appointed  pastor  from  the  Wino- 
na conference  in  1872.  Rev.  W.  W.  Satterlee  is 
now  filling  tlie  desk.  Has  250  members.  Sun- 
day-school, 175  members. 

The  Xorth  Minneapolis  Misssion,  now  Wash- 
ington Avenue  Methodist  Episcopal  Chnrch,  was 
organized  February  2oth,  1872.  A  Sunday-school 
was  organized  on  the  Sunday  following,  with 
fifteen  members,  N.  R.  Robinson, superintendent. 
A  chapel  costing  $2,200  was  dedicated  by  IMshop 
Merrill  in  1872.  In  September,  1872.  at  the  con- 
ference held  in  Winona,  Kev.  John  Stafford  was 
apppointed  its  firet  pastor  at  which  time  its  mem- 
bership was  thirty-five,  and  its  Sunday-school, 
sixty-six  scholare;  present  pastor,  Rev.  J.  A. 
Berry. 

The  Franklin  Avenue  ilethodist  Episcopal 
Church,  was  formed  by  the  action  of  the  Winona 
conference,  held  at  Anoka.  October,  1873,  and  a 
society  organized  during  the  same  month  with 
the  Rev.  S.  T.  Sterrett  as  first  pastor.  Rev.  X. 
M.  Learned  is  the  present  jiastor.  The  church 
has  a  membership  of  about  eighty-five;  when  he 
came  it  had  about  sixty-eight  members.    Present 


PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCHES. 


467 


number  of  Sunday-school  scholars,  one  hundred 
and  twenty-five,  with  J.  T.  Wyman,  superinten- 
dent, and  K.  W.  Wins  lii'st  assistant;  Mrs.  X.  AI. 
Learned,  second  assistant.  In  May,  1871,  the 
first  Sunday-school  was  organized. 

Wasliington  Avenue  Metliodist  Episcopal 
Churcli.  At  the  Minnesota  conference  held  in 
Mankato  September  27th,  1K71,  Bishop  Simpson 
presiding,  Kev.  T.  McClary  was  appointed  to 
wiiat  was  then  known  as  the  Seventh  Street  and 
North  Mission  church,  Minneapolis.  February 
27th,  1872.  a  meeting  was  held  in  the  German 
chapel,  resulting  in  the  organization  of  the  pres- 
ent Washington  Avenue  jNIethodist  Episcopal 
Church.  March  10th  following,  a  Sunday-school 
was  organized  in  the  German  chapel,  N.  R.  Rob- 
inson superintendent,  with  eighty  scholars.  A 
library  costing  $10fi  and  an  cn'gan  costing  |140 
was  purchased  for  the  school.  July  following 
the  Sunday-school  was  lield  in  the  new  building. 
A  lot  on  the  corner  of  Seventh  street  was  donated 
to  the  society  by  William  Gaslin.  June  Isli 
1872,  work  was  commenced  on  the  church  build- 
ing, which  was  completed  July  31st,  1872,  at  a 
cost  of  $2,200,  and  dedicated  by  Bishop  Ames. 
The  first  communion  service  August  4th,  follow- 
ing. Rev.  John  Stafford  followed  Rev.  Mr.  Mc- 
Clary, under  whose  administration  the  churcli 
had  great  prosperity.  In  Octo!)pr,  1880,  the  otti- 
cial  board  invited  the  Rev.  J.  R.  Berry,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  upper  Iowa  conference.  He  was  trans- 
ferred by  Bishop  Andrews  to  the  iSIinnesota  con- 
ference, and  assigned  to  the  pastorate  by  Bisliop 
Harris. 

The  Second  German  JNI.  E.  Church  is  located 
comer  of  Second  street  and  Tenth  Avenue  north- 
east. The  first  meeting  was  lield  in  an  old  school 
house  in  1855,  and  the  first  pastor  was  Rev.  Mr. 
Roth,  assisted  by  Rev.  Mr.  Spearman.  Services 
were  lield  indifferent  places  until  ISGI,  when  tlie 
present  church  was  located,  and  is  now  un- 
der the  care  of  Rev.  J.  M.  JSippold.  A  parson- 
age costing  about  fifteen  hundred  dollars,  is  con- 
nected with  the  church. 

The  First  German  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
corner  of  Fifth  street  and  Fourth  Avenue  south, 
was  organized  in  October,  1866,  with  the  Rev.  J. 
Schmell  for  first  pastor,  who  continued  for  three 
years,  succeeded  by  Rev.  J.  Schaefer  who  labored 
three  years,  succeeded  by  Rev.  Henry  Boettcher 


for  four  years,  succeeded  respectively  by  Rever- 
ends F.  Kopp,  C.  Nachtriets  and  J.  Schneider,  the 
present  pastor  in  charge.  It  has  a  growing  Sun- 
day-school of  about  sixty  members.  The  church, 
too,  has  grown  from  ten  to  eighty-two  members. 

The  Norwegian  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  is 
located  on  Nineteenth  Avenue  south  between 
Fifth  and  Sixth  streets.  The  first  organization 
was  effected  in  July,  1873,  by  Rev.  J.  H.  Johnson 
with  ten  members.  The  first  preacher  in  charge 
was  Rev.  N.  Christopherson,  who  took  charge  No- 
vember 28th,  1873;  he  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  J. 
Jacobson  for  one  year,  who  was  followed  by  Rev. 
L.  A.  Larson  for  three  years;  then  Rev.  B.  Olin 
followed  for  two  years,  who  was  succeeded  by 
Rev.  Mart.  Nelson  now  in  charge.  The  present 
membership  is  thirty-five,  and  is  in  a  growing 
and  prosperous  condition. 

First  Swedish  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  343 
Cedar  Avenue,  was  organized  in  February,  1873. 
After  encountering  many  difficulties,  the  build- 
ing of  a  house  of  worship  was  undertaken,  under 
the  leadership  of  Rev.  C.  G.  Nelson ;  in  Septem- 
ber, 1873,  a  subscription  was  circulated;  the 
money  raised  and  in  October  following,  the  foun- 
dation was  laid,  and  in  December,  1873,  this  young 
society  had  anew  church  costing  $4,000,  and  while 
enjoying  the  feast  of  dedication  the  debt  was  paid 
in  full.  In  1879  a  parsonage  was  commenced 
under  the  administration  of  Rev.  A.  G.  Johnson 
the  present  pastor,  and  in  1880  was  completed, 
and  the  church  is  now  in  a  nourishing  condi- 
tion. 

PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCHES. 

Andrew  Fresbyterian  Church.  During  the 
winter  of  1849-50,  Mr.  Neill  preached  every  other 
Sunday  afternoon  at  the  falls  of  St.  Anthony. 
In  July,  1850,  Rev.  William  T.  Wheeler,  former- 
ly a  Congi'egational  missionary  to  Africa,  com- 
menced preaching  at  the  request  of  Mr.  Neill. 
The  members  being  mostly  Presbyterians  it  was 
decided  to  call  it  "The  First  Presbyterian  Cliurch 
of  St.  Anthony."  Rev.  Charles  Seccombe,  who 
succeeded  Mr.  Wheeler,  persuaded  the  congrega- 
tion to  drop  the  name  of  Presbyterian,  and  it  is 
now  known  as  the  Congregational  society  of  Min- 
neapoUs,  East  Division.  On  the  23d  day  of 
August,  1857,  a  committee  of  the  St.  Paul  Pres- 
bytery, consisting  of  Rev.  John  G.  Reiheldaffer 
and  Rev.  H.  Maltby,  re-orgauized    the  "First 


468 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Presbyterian  Church  of  St.  Anthony."  The  fol- 
lowing persons  were  the  firet  membere,  viz  :  Mrs. 
Margaret  Edwards.  Samuel  H.  Lea.  Joseph  Tan 
Eman.  Mrs.  Sarah  Van  Eman.  Richard  Chute  and 
Mrs.  Mary  E.  Chute.  Eichard  Chute  was  elected 
ruluig  elder,  histalled  by  Rev.  Mr.  Maltby, 
and  was  appointed  clerk  of  sessions.  Mr. 
Cliute  held  this  office  until  July  10. 1867,  when  he 
resigned  and  Gen.  H.  P.  ■\'an  Cleve  filled  the  of- 
fice until  1878.  In  June,  1858,  the  church  called 
Rev.  David  Stevenson,  but  he  declined  and  re- 
commended Rev.  Levi  Hughes,  of  Logansport, 
Indiana.  By  an  arrangement  with  Westminster 
Church,  which  was  organized  the  same  day,  Mr. 
Hughes  was  called  to  preacli  in  both  churches  at 
a  salary  of  ?1. 000  per  year.  David  Edwards  do- 
nated the  use  of  his  haU  and  on  the  evening  of 
October  7,  1858,  the  first  prayer  meeting  was 
held  in  "Edwards  Hall."  with  five  present.  Oc- 
tober 10,  1S58,  tlie  Sunday-school  was  organized 
with  six  teachers  and  twelve  scholars ;  Orrin  Cm-- 
tiss  was  chosen  superintendent. 

On  January  16th.  1860.  notice  was  received 
from  Rev.  H.  I.  Coe.  corresponding  secretary  of 
the  Church  Extension  Company,  at  St.  Louis,  that 
the  board  had  appropriated  - 1 ,000,  the  gift  of  the 
ilisses  Andrew,  of  Xew^  York  citv-,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  aiding  in  the  erection  of  a  house  of  wor- 
ship. In  May.  1860.  Rev.  Mr.  Hughes  and  family 
removed  to  Bloomington.  Indiana.  For  six 
months  preceeding  his  removal,  he  had  seldom 
preached,  though  pubUe  worship  had  been  con- 
ducted by  lay  members  reading  appropriate  ser- 
mons. In  September  foUowiug,  Mr.  McKee  was 
called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  two  churches,  re- 
maining until  1865.  By  an  act  of  the  legislature 
of  Minnesota,  passed  January  30th,  1861,  the 
name  of  this  church  was  changed  from  the  "First 
Presbyterian  Church  of  St.  Anthony''  to  "An- 
drew Presbyterian  Church"  in  honor  of  Mrs. 
Catherine  Andrew  and  her  daughter,  who  donated 
$1,000  and  a  bell.  The  church  was  erected 
on  Second  street,  and  was  formally  dedicated 
April  14,  1862.  Rev.  R.  F.  Sample  supplied  the 
pulpit  from  June  17th,  1866,  to  March,  1868, 
when  he  accepted  a  call  to  Westmmister  Church 
of  Minneapolis.  During  his  ministrj',  thirty- 
four  were  added  to  the  church.  Rev.  David  Pel- 
ton,  of  Pennsylvania,  presided  from  March  1st, 
1869,  to  March  1st.  1870,    During  the  pastorate 


of  Rev.  Isaac  W.  Monfert.  from  May  1st,  1870, 
to  July,  1872.  the  church  was  removed  in  Novem- 
ber and  December,  1870,  to  its  present  site  on 
Fourth  street.  Rev.  David  Stewart  was  the  next 
pastor,  from  August  1st,  1872,  to  May.  1875. 
From  May  16th,  1875,  to  May  26th,  1877,  Rev.  E. 
J.  Thompson,  professor  of  mathematics  at  the 
univereity.  supplied  the  pulpit,  and  was  succeeded 
by  tlie  present  pastor.  Rev.  Carlos  T.  Cliester,  to 
whom  the  chinch  extended  a  call  in  February, 
1877,  At  the  time  he  received  the  call,  Mr. 
Chester  was  a  senior  in  Auburn  Tlieological  Sem- 
inary, of  Auburn,  Jsew  York,  from  which  he 
graduated  2klay  10th,  1877,  and  arriraig  in  Min- 
nesota the  latter  part  of  that  month,  preached 
his  first  sermon,  Sunday,  June  2d,  1877;  was  or- 
dained and  installed  by  the  St,  Paul  Presbytery 
on  the  7th  day  of  August,  1877,  From  June, 
1877,  to  January  1st,  1881,  seventx-eight  were  ad- 
ded to  the  church.  The  church  has  a  full  board 
of  ruling  elders. 

Tlie  Park  Aveiuie  Presbyterian  Cluirch.  The 
First  Presbyterian  church  of  ^Minneapolis  was  or- 
ganized May  22d,  1853,  Ijy  Rev.  G.  H.  Pond,  with 
thirteen  members.  It  continued  to  exist  with 
some  degree  of  prosperity  until  July  22d.  1860, 
when,  from  various  adveree  influences,  its  mem- 
bers were  scattered.  For  about  five  years  regular 
pubUc  worship  had  been  suspended.  The  church 
was  re-organized  August  lOth,  1860,  by  the  Rev. 
A.  G.  Ruliffson,  with  what  remained  of  the  orig- 
inal membership  of  the  church,  together  with 
nine  members  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church 
of  ^Minnesota,  at  Minne-ha-ha,  and  eight  other  per- 
sons who  presented  letters  from  other  churches. 
In  this  re-organization,  the  First  Presbyterian 
Churcliof  Mimieapolis,  in  fact  became  the  succes- 
sor to  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Minneso- 
ta, which  church  was  but  the  continuation  of  the 
Presbyterian  church  of  St,  Peters,  or  Fort  Suell- 
ing,  the  oldest  church  of  any  denomination  in  all 
this  region.  The  church  at  St.  Peters  was  organ- 
ized June  14th,  1835,  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  S. 
■\^'illiamson,  in  the  quaitei-s  which  he  occupied  at 
the  Fort.  In  connection  with  this  church  there 
were  two  mission  stations,  at  which  public  wor- 
ship was  kept  up  from  time  to  time,  one  at  Lake 
Harriet.the  otherat  Oak  (irove,  near  Minne-ha-ha. 
The  church  at  St.  Peters,  or  Fort  Snelling,  was 
largely  made  up  of  the  offlcere  and  their  families 


PRE8BYTERIAJS  CHURCHES. 


469 


stationed  there.  It  came  to  pass  after  a  few 
years,  that,  by  death  and  removal,  the  membership 
was  greatly  reduced,  and  the  church  was  again 
withoTit  otBcers.  At  the  request  of  tlie  remaining 
membersliip,  tlie  cliurch  was  reorganized  as  tlie 
Oak  Grove  Churcli  of  Minne-ha-ha,  and  Rev.  G. 
H.  Pond  was  chosen  pastor.  Up  to  this  time  tlie 
church  was  under  the  care  of  the  Presbytery  of 
Dakota,  but  at  the  request  of  the  members  it  \\&.^ 
transferred  to  the  roll  of  the  Minnesota  Presbytery. 
At  a  meeting  of  the  Presbytery  of  Minnesota,  in 
July,  1862,  the  name  of  this  church  was  changed 
so  as  to  stand  on  the  Presbyterian  roll  as  "  The 
First  Presbyterian  Church  in  Minnesota."  It  re- 
tained the  name  until  July  22d,  1860,  when  its 
remaining  elder  and  eight  communicants,  united 
with- what  remained  of  the  original  Pirst  Church 
of  Minneapolis,  in  the  new  organization  which  is 
properly  the  legitimate  successor  of  both  the  oth- 
ers. Some  of  the  members  of  this  organization 
are  among  the  memljership  of  the  First  Presby- 
terian Church  at  the  present  writing.  The  rec- 
ords from  which  these  facts  are  gathered  are  in  a 
good  state  of  preservation.  The  book  contains 
a  full  account  of  the  organization  of  the 
church  at  St.  Peters,  the  complete  records  of  the 
Oak  Grove  Church,  also  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Minneapolis,  from  tlie  re-organization 
in  1860  to  the  end  of  Kev.  ilr.  I^ayne's  ministry. 
Rev.  Daniel  Stewart,  D.  D.,  came  and  took  cliarge 
of  the  church  as  stated  supply,  in  which  capacity  he 
has  remained  since  June  1st,  1875,  to  the  present 
time.  During  his  ministrations  the  church  debt 
has  been  paid,  the  congregation  more  than 
doubled,  and  now  is  in  a  flourishing  and  prosper- 
ous condition.  It  has  a  seating  capacity  of  about 
six  hundred  ;  also  in  connection  with  it,  a  Sun- 
day-school of  about  one  lumdred  and  fifty  mem- 
bers, under  tlie  management  of  James  H.  Mc- 
Clintten,  superintendent. 

Westminster  Presbyterian  Church.  In  18-53 
the  first  representative  of  the  western  branch  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church,  the  Rev.  J.  G.  Reihel- 
daffer,  commenced  his  labors  in  St.  Paul.  Soon 
after  he  was  joined  by  men  of  like  spirit,  such  as 
H.  Maltby,  Charles  Thayer,  J.  C.  Caldwell  and  A. 
II.  Kerr,  who  came  to  plant  tlie  standards  of  the 
cross  along  the  borders  of  the  wilderness.  The 
growth  of  the  church  wliose  foundations  they 
laid,  is  doubtless  to  them  an  occasion  of  gratitude 


and  thanksgi\ing.     Better  to  have  been  the  first 
pioneer,  planting  the  holy  emblem  of  the  cross  on 
the  virgin  soil  of  Minnesota,  and  claiming  this 
territory  for  Jesus,  than  to  have  been  president 
of  the  ITnited  States,  or  commander-iu-chief  of 
the  national  arrcy.     In  the  fall  of  ISS.'i,  the  Synod 
of  Iowa  created  the  Presbytery  of  St.  Paul,  con- 
sisting of  Rev.  J.  (i.  Reilieldaffer,  Rev.  Charles 
Thayer  and   Rev.  Joseph  A.  Sterrett,  pastors  re- 
spectively of  the  churches  in  St.  Paul,  Hudson, 
and  Prescott.    The  total  number  of  communicants 
in  these  three  pastoral  charges,  only  one  of  which 
was  in  the  state  of  Minnesota,  was  fifty-nine ;  in 
St.  Paul  thirty-two,  in  Hudson  eleven,  in  Pres- 
cott fifteen.    The  General  Assembly  convened  at 
Rochester,  X.  Y.,  in  1860,  created  the  Synod  of 
St.  Paul,  embracing  the  Presbyteries  of  St.  Paul,  of 
Chippewa  and  Lake  Superior.    The  Synod  of  St. 
Paul  thus  created,  consisted  of  nmeteen  ministers 
and  twenty-four  churches.  Nine  of  these  churches 
were  in  Minnesota,  with  a  total  membership  of 
187.    The  "Westminster  Presliyterian  Church  of 
Mimieapolis  was  organized  August  23d,  18-57,  by 
a  committee  of  the  Presbytery  of  St.  Paul,  con- 
sisting of  Rev.  J.  G.  Reilieldaffer  and  Rev.  H. 
Maltby.    The  services  were  held  in  the  Free  Will 
Baptist  church.    The  following  persons  were  en- 
rolled as  members,  viz:    Andrus  W.  Oliver,  Louis 
H.  Williams,  Tabiatha  P.  Williams,  Ellen  Mary 
Williams,  Deborah  :M.  Pettit,  J.  C.  WilUams  and 
Sarah  J.  Williams.    On  the  6th  of  April,  18-58, 
the  church  was  incorporated  under  the  revised 
statutes  of  Minnesota.    H.  D.  Beman,  W.  K.  Mc- 
Farlane,  Eugene  M.  Wilson,  A.  Bradford,  C.  H. 
Pettit  and  J.  C.  Williams  were  elected  as  a  board 
of  trustees,   under  the  name  and  style  of  the 
"  Trustees    of    tlie    Westminster    Presbyterian 
Church    of    Minneapolis."'      During    the    three 
months  immediately  following,  tlie  church  was 
without  preaching,  with  the  exception  of  a  single 
Sabbath  when  the  services  were  conducted  by  the 
Rev.  J.  G.  Reilieldaffer.  On  the  6th  of  December, 
18-57,  Mr.  B.  C.  Dorrance,  a  licentiate  of  the  Pres- 
bytery of  Luzerne,  commenced  preaching  in  the 
First  Presbyterian  church,  under  a  commission 
from  the  board  of  domestic  missions.    Mr.  Dor- 
rance closed  liis  labors   with  the   Westminster 
Church,  in  Fletcher  Hall,  April  18th.    Mr.  Dor- 
rance was  a  pleasant  and  forcible  preacher.     By 
his  public  muiistrations,  as  well  as  by  his  affection- 


470 


HISTOEY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


ate.  cheerful,  and  exemplary  Christiau  deport- 
ment, he  endeared  himself  to  all.  It  was  a  sad 
day  to  the  little  church  when  theii-  beloved  minis- 
ter, with  the  shadows  of  death  on  his  face,  bade 
them  farewell,  never  to  return.  In  18-58.  the 
Kev.  Mr.  Hughes  was  invited  to  become  stated 
supply  for  the  church  in  St.  Anthony  and  '-West- 
minster." During  this  time  church  ser\ices  were 
held  in  "Woodman's  Hall,  now  the  Firet  National 
Hotel.  In  1860  and  1861  a  new  church  was  built, 
and  dedicated  March  17th.  1861,  Eev.  J.  G.  KeUiel- 
daffer  preaching  the  dedication  sermon.  In  Oc- 
tober, 1862,  Mr.  SUong  was  ordained  and  installed 
pastor  of  the  church  by  the  Presbyterj-  of  St. 
Paul.  As  a  preacher  :Mr.  Strong  was  Intellectual 
rather  than  emotional.  His  sermons  were  written 
wth  much  care,  and  delivered  with  animation.  In 
186.5.  the  Rev.  R.  A.  Condit  accepted  an  in-\-ita- 
tion  to  become  the  pastor  of  this  church,  and  was 
installed  in  1866.  In  the  autumn  of  1866.  the 
church  building  was  enlarged  and  improved ;  the 
towers  were  erected  and  the  building  extended. 
December.  1867.  against  tlie  remonstrance  of  a 
large  portion  of  the  congregation,  Mr.  Condit "s 
pastoral  relation  to  the  church  was  dissolved.  At 
a  meeting  held  .Jaiuiary.  1868.  moderated  by  Bev. 
D.  C.  Lyon,  a  call  was  made  for  the  Rev.  R.  F. 
Sample.  D.  D.  Having,  at  this  time,  other  in\i- 
tations  under  consideration  and  being  in  much 
doubt  as  to  his  duty,  his  answer  was  delayed  for 
several  weeks.  At  length  his  way  seemed  clear, 
and  he  commenced  his  labors  m  March.  1868. 
He  is  a  calm,  impressive  speaker,  and  a  profoimd 
thinker,  making  a  lasting  impression  on  aU  within 
the  sound  of  his  voice.  In  May,  1868,  the  Pas- 
tor's Aid  Society  was  organized.  John  A.  Mc- 
Heirry  was  elected  president:  Hon.  W.  "W.  ilc- 
Nair,  vice-president;  and  T.  B.  Janney,  secretary. 
The  Sunday-school,  under  the  efficient  superin- 
tendence of  Hon.  C.  E.  A'anderburgh,  steadily 
increased  in  numbers  and  usefulness.  The 
chiuch  is  large-hearted  and  generous,  giving 
thousands  of  dollars  annually  to  the  various 
boards  of  the  church.  It  is  one  of  the  most  lib- 
eral among  the  many  churches  in  the  city.  The 
increased  membership  and  attendance  during  the 
acceptable  administration  of  the  present  pastor, 
compelled  the  society  to  provide  more  extensive 
accommodations.  Accordingly,  during  the  sum- 
mer of  1880,  measures  long  in  contemplation,  were 


taken  to  erect  a  structure  worthy  of  the  wealth 
and  importance  the  church  had  attained.  This 
massive  edifice,  buUt  of  browai  sandstone  from 
Duluth,  is  building  corner  of  Nicollet  Ave- 
nue and  Seventh  street.  The  style  of  building  is 
a  mixtin-e  of  the  Gothic  and  Corinthian  architec- 
tures, and  will,  it  is  supposed,  cost  about  $95,000, 
and  sui-pass  in  maguiflcence  all  its  predecessors. 
Franklin  Avenue  Presbyterian  Church.  On 
the  16th  day  of  June,  1873,  Rev.  George  "\V.  Jack- 
son, late  of  the  city  of  Minneapolis,  in  fulfillment 
of  a  design  long  entertamed.  conveyed  to  the 
trustees  of  "Westminster  Presbyterian  Church  of 
said  city,  village  lot  6,  in  block  1 ,  in  Jackson's  ad- 
dition to  ilinneapolis.  ui  trust,  and  for  the  use  of 
a  Presbyterian  church  in  that  part  of  the  city. 
Stimulated  by  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Jackson  and  Rev. 
R.  F.  Sample  D.  D.,  several  members  of  the 
Westminister  Presbyterian  church,  were  induced 
to  undertake  a  Sunday-school  in  that  part  of  the 
city;  the  first  session  of  which  was  held  in  the 
Norwegian  Lutheran  Seminary,  the  first  Sabbath 
in  Jainiary.  1873.  The  Sunday-school  was  for  the 
time  styled  the  Westminster  ^Mission  Sunday- 
school,  and  its  officers  were  L.  V.  N.  Blakeman, 
supermtendent:  R.  Shaw,  assistant:  S.  A.  Harris, 
secretary:  who  were  assisted  by  a  band  of  ten 
teachers.  During  the  summer  of  1873,  the 
church  building  formerly  occupied  by  the  First 
Presbyterian  church  of  Minnesota,  having  been 
piuchased  by  the  Rev.  R.  F.  Sample,  was  removed 
to  said  lot.  and  put  in  proper  repair  by  the  offer- 
ings and  efforts  of  the  workers  in  the  mission 
school.  The  cost  of  building  and  removal  was 
about  $1 ,800.  The  Sunday-school  was  then  i-e- 
moved  to  the  church,  and  on  Sabbath  evening, 
November  2d.  1873.  appropriate  opening  services 
were  held  in  the  church.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Dr. 
Stewart,  the  Rev.  E.  D.  Neill.  R.  F.  Sample 
D.  D..  and  II.  N".  Payne,  also  taking  part  in  the 
services.  In  addition  to  the  Sunday-school,  reg- 
ular services  were  held  in  the  church  every  Sab- 
bath thereafter.  On  about  the  12th  of  December, 
1873,  a  request  was  made  in  writing  to  Rev. 
Charles  Thayer,  R.  F.  Sample  D.  D..  and  the 
Hon.  C.  E.  A'anderburgh.  the  regular  committee 
on  Home  Missions  of  the  Presbytery  of  St.  Paul, 
by  L.  A'.  N.  Blakeman  and  others  for  the  organi- 
zation of  a  church;  accordingly  the  committee,  in 
connection  with  Rev.  D.  C.  Lyon,  district  mis- 


BAPTIST  CHURCHES. 


471 


sionary  for  the  Synod  of  Minnesota,  met  at  the 
church  on  the  evening  of  December  21st,  1873, 
and  in  conformity  with  the  laws  of  tlie  presljytery, 
organized  a  cluirch  witli  the  following  mem- 
bers; N.  W.  Lander,  L.  \.  N.  Blakeman,  Mrs. 
Emma  T.  Blakeman,  Bolza  Lee,  Martha  Lee, 
Robert  Shaw,  John  Nichol,  Mrs.  C.  Kobb,  Mrs. 
H.  M.  Lowell,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Pierson,  and  Mr. 
John  Ilosdy.  The  name  chosen  was  "  Franklin 
Avenue  Presbyterian  Church  of  ]Minneaiiolis," 
and  the  following  persons  elected  ;  ruling  elders, 
John  Nichol,  L.  V.  N.  Blakeman,  and  two  oth- 
ers; Kevs.  E.  D.  NeUl  and  E.  J.  Thompson  sup- 
plied the  pulpit  until  July  1st,  1874,  when  the 
Rev.  A.  A.  Kiehle,  a  graduate  of  Union  Theolo- 
gical Semmary,  of  New  York  city,  supplied  the 
pulpit  until  he  was  ordained,  and  installed  its 
first  pastor,  who  continued  his  labors  till  Feb- 
ruary 8th,  1878.  Rev.  T.  Farris  was  invited 
March  10th,  1878,  to  supply  the  pulpit  and  still 
contimies.  The  church  is  partially  dependent  for 
support  on  the  Home  Missionary  Board,  and  the 
liberality  of  several  private  citizens,  among  whom 
are  Hon.  G.  E.  Vanderburgh  and  II.  (_i.  Sidle. 
The  former  by  his  liberal  financial  aid  as  well  as 
wise  councils  as  chairman  of  the  Home  ilission- 
ary  committee  of  St.  Paul,  from  the  date  of  its 
organization,  has  contributed  largely  to  its  wel- 
fare. L.  V.  N.  Blakeman  was  superintendent 
of  the  Sunday-school  till  July,  1879,  when  declin- 
ing health  forced  a  resignation.  lion.  C.  E. 
Vanderburgh  is  now  superintendent,  and  John 
Hardy,  secretary.  The  school  now  numbers  one 
hiuidred  and  twenty-five  scholars. 

The  Fifth  Presbyterian  Church  is  located  on 
the  corner  of  Nineteenth  street  and  Fourth  Av- 
enue north.  It  was  built  by  the  Westminster 
cliurch  in  1873,  and  named  the  Western  Avenue 
Mission  Chapel,  where  a  Sunday-school  was  eon- 
ducted  under  the  superintendence  of  S.  M.  and 
J.  Williams,  who  started  with  a  few  scholars 
with  constantly  increasing  numbers,  until  it 
reached  about  fifty,  w-hen  there  seemed  a  necess- 
ity for  a  church  organization  to  meet  the  growing 
wants  of  the  community  in  which  it  was  located. 
Steps  were  taken  to  organize  a  church  which  was 
effected  on  the  last  Sunday  of  the  year  1879,  with 
eleven  members.  Rev.  A.  W.  Benson  officiating 
for  five  months.  lit;  was  succeeded  by  Rev. 
Daniel  Rice,  D.  D.,  who  was  followed  bv   Rev. 


Rockwood  Macquesten,  who  is  now  in  charge. 
The  church  membersliip  has  increased  to  twenty 
members,  and  the  Sunday-school  now  enrolls  one 
hundred  and  fifty,  with  an  average  attendance  of 
eighty-five.  J.  H.  Monroe  is  superintendent  and 
P.  (2.  Diven  assistant  superintendent.  During 
the  past  winter  a  fine  organ  has  been  purchased 
and  paid  for  out  of  the  receipts  of  the  literary 
society  connected  with  the  church.  Miss  Ilattie  • 
E.  Allen  is  the  organist.  The  church  has  a  fine- 
toned  bell  of  about  800  pounds  weight,  from  the 
celebrated  Meneely  establishment  of  Troy,  New 
York.  It  was  a  contribution  of  friends  outside 
of  the  clun-ch. 

BAPTIST  CHURCHES. 

The  First  Baptist  Church,  St.  Anthony,  was 
organized  July  23d,  18-50,  Rev.  J.  P.  Pearsons, 
pastor.  W.  C.  Brown  and  nine  others  constituted 
the  first  membership.  After  many  struggles  they 
succeeded  in  laying  the  foimdation  for  the  pres- 
ent edifice  in  1868.  In  1869,  the  corner  post  was 
raised,  with  appropriate  services,  and  in  1870,- 
the  completed  structure  was  dedicated.  In  1879 
the  name  of  the  church  was  changed  by  legisla- 
tive act,  to  ''OlivetJkiptist  Clun-ch  of  Minneapo- 
lis." At  the  present  time  there  is  no  regular 
pastor,  but  the  pulpit  is  occasionally  supplied. 

Free  AVill  Baptist  Church.  In  June,  18.51 ,  Rev. 
C.  G.  Ames  was  appointed  the  first  missionary  to 
Minnesota,  and  commenced  his  labors  at  once,  in 
St.  Anthony.  On  the  25th  of  October  following, 
A.  Plarmon,  Charlotte  Harmon,  E.  Mcintosh, 
Abagail  Mi'Intosh,  Rev.  C.  G.  Ames. and  Sarah  .J. 
Ames,  formed  themselves  into  a  body  corporate, 
and  in  October  26th,  1851,  organized  a  "Free  Will 
Baptist  Church."  From  1853  to  '54  the  church 
was  nuu'h  embarrassed  for  the  want  of  a  place  of 
worship.  ]\Iost  of  the  members  living  on  the  west 
side  of  the  river,  it  was  resolved  to  move  to  Min- 
neapolis, May  27th.  1854.  September  1st,  1855, 
Rev.  C.  G.  Ames  resigned  tht.  pastoral  charge,  but 
continued  to  supply  the  desk  for  a  long  time 
after.  April  23d,  1860,  Rev.  A.  D.  Williams  sev- 
ered his  relation  to  the  church.  November,  2d, 
1861,  Rev.  B.  W.  Bryant  united  with  the  church 
and  became  its  pastor.  June  1st,  1866,  Rev.  H. 
N.  Herrick  having  supplied  the  desk  accepta- 
bly for  some  time  was  invited  to  become' 
its  pastor,  which  invitation  he  accepted  Jaiuiary 


IITS1X)BY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


20th,  1870;  he  offered  his  resignation  as  pastor 
December,  1872,  which  was  accepted  with  the 
vote  to  continue  his  salary  for  three  months. 
Rev.  Charles  Payne  accepted  the  pastorate,  and 
resigned  August,  1875.  November  foUowmg,  Rev. 
A.  J.  Davis  was  called  to  the  pastorate,  and  ac- 
cepted in  1875.  May  21st,  1878,  extended  a  call 
to  Rev.  A.  A.  Smith,  who  accepted  and  is  now  in 
charge  of  the  church. 

Tlie  First   Baptist  Church  was  organized  in 
1853,  with  ten   members,  in    the  house  of    :Mr. 
Asa    Fletcher.       Meetings    were    held    in  the 
first  Fletcher  hall,  located  on  the  south  side  of 
Helen  street,  near  the  corner  of  Second  Avenue 
south.    March  21st,  1857,  Rev.  A.  A.  Russsll  re- 
signed.   July  21st,  Rev.  Amory  Gale  was  called 
and  accepted,  and  at  once  entered  upon  his  labors. 
In  the  summer  of  1857,  a  lot  on   the  comer  of 
Third  Street  and  Nicollet  Avenue  was  donated  by 
H.  T.  Welles,  Esq.,  aud  the  church  at  once  com- 
menced to  build  a  house  of  worship.    February 
6th,  1858,  the  basement  room  was  completed  and 
occupied,  which  at  that  time  was  the  best  and 
largest  room  for  worship  in  the  yoimg  town  of 
Minneapolis.    From  July  1st,  1858,  to  October, 
1860,  the  church  was  without  a  pastor.    During 
the  interim,  the  pulpit  was  supplied  by  Revs.  G. 
B.  Lewis,  J.  A.  Davis  and  R.  M.  Pease.    During 
the  winter  of  1859- "60  Rev.  Mr.   Pease  preached 
most  of  the  time.    Rev.  J.  R.  Manton  commen- 
ced his  labors,  as  pastor  in  October,  1860,  and  la- 
bored through  four  stu'ring  and  eventful  years. 
In  July,  1865,  an  invitation  was  extended  to  Rev. 
L.  B.  Allen,  D.  D.,  and  was  accepted.    In  1866 
the  church  vacated  the  basement  and  took  down 
the  structure,  it  being  considered  unsafe.      In 
1867  the  old  lot  was  exchanged  for  the  one  on  the 
comer  of   Fifth  street  and  Ilemiepin  Avenue. 
In  April,  1868,  the  church  invited  Rev.   AV.  L. 
Lowry  to  the  pastorate.     The  new  edifice  was 
completed,    dedicated     November    29th,    1868, 
and  the  new  pastor  ordained.     September  18th, 
1871,  Rev.  F.  W.  Powell  was  called  and  accepted 
the  pastorate.    After  a  prosperous  and  successful 
mhiistry  of  about  three  years,  failing  health  com- 
pelled a  resignation  which  was  reluctantly  accept- 
ed.   In  October,  1874,  they  extended  a  call  to  the 
Rev.  H.  C.  Woods  to  become  their  pastor,  who 
after  holding  the  invitation  under  advisement, 
concluded   the    following    November  to  accept 


the  caU.  He  entered  immediately  upon  the  du- 
ties of  pastor,  and  is  now  in  charge.  Under  his 
careful  and  prudent  ministrations  the  church  has 
been  greatly  prospered,  receiving  large  additions 
to  its  membership — a  net  gain  of  21 1  members 
in  the  past  five  years.  The  ladies'  sevring  society 
have  bought  and  paid  for  a  fine  organ,  besides 
contributing  largely  towards  the  expense  of  up- 
holstering the  seats,  which  are  of  a  capacity  to 
accommodate  between  six  and  seven  hundred. 
The  grand  total  of  contributions  for  the  different 
benevolent  objects  m  the  past  five  years  is  f34,- 
433.88.  Present  membership,  440.  It  also  has  a 
flourishing  Sunday-school  of  235  scholars,  whose 
contributions  have  supported  a  foreign  mission- 
ary for  the  past  twelve  years. 

Franklin  Avenue  ^lission  was  organized  May 
31st,  1874;  the  chapel  is  located  on  a  lot  belong- 
ing to  the  Baptist  Mission,  corner  of  Franklin 
and  Bloomington  Avenues,  and  was  dedicated  the 
same  day.  A  Sunday-school  was  organized  with 
J.  C.  Hoblet  superintendent  and  Frank  Ball,  sec- 
retary. It  has  a  steady  growth,  and  now  numbers 
136,  with  an  average  attendance  since  its  organi- 
zation of  90.  and  is  provided  with  an  organ  and 
other  necessary  material  for  a  successful  prosecu- 
tion of  the  work.  Mr.  Iloblet  expecting  soon  to 
leave,  Mr.  Fallis  has  been  recently  elected,  and 
takes  it  in  a  flourishing  and  prosper(_)us  condition. 
Jewett  Chapel.  The  mission  spirit  stimulated 
by  the  success  of  tlie  Franklin  Avenue  mission, 
impelled  .another  attempt,  which  was  seconded  by 
the  growing  want  for  more  room,  and  a  special 
meeting  was  called  for  that  puriJOse  on  the  29th 
day  of  June,  1874.  On  the  6th  of  July  followuig, 
the  ladies  sewing  society  of  the  First  church 
pledged  $333.33  toward  the  erection  of  a  new 
chapel.  Deacon  S.  A.  Jewett  donated  the  land, 
which  at  once  insured  the  success  of  the  enter- 
prise, and  work  \\as  immediately  commenced  im- 
der  the  supervision  of  C.  F.  Ilaglin,  Esq.,  archi- 
tect, who  kindly  donated  the  plans.  It  was  pushed 
to  completion,  and  on  the  151h  of  November  was 
dedicated  with  appropriate  services,  under  the 
name  of  "  Jewett  Chapel."  A  Sunday-school 
was  organized  on  the  same  day,  with  W.  W. 
Huntington,  superintendent,  and  Deacon  J.  O. 
Weld,  assistant,  and  Charles  Ham,  secretary.  It 
has  a  membership  of  eighty  :  average  attendance 
seventy,  which  is  remarkable. 


CONGREGATIONAL  CHURCHES. 


473 


The  Fifth  Avenue  Baptist  Church  was  organ- 
ized December  29th,  1S69,  in  its  present  liouse  of 
worship,  on  the  corner  of  Fifth  Avenue  and  Nintli 
street  south.  At  the  time  of  its  organization  it 
was  called  the  Marshall  street  Baptist  Church ; 
but  with  the  change  of  tlie  name  of  Marshall 
street  to  Fifth  Avenue,  a  corresponding  change 
was  made  in  the  name  of  the  church.  In  its 
formation,  members  of  the  First  Baptist  Church, 
and  a  cliurch  then  known  as  the  Union  Baptist 
Church,  but  now  extinct,  with  persons  not 
members  of  either  of  the  above  churches,  but 
holding  letters  from  others,  united  together. 
Rev.  A.  Gale  presided  at  the  meeting  of  the 
church,  and  Philip  Herzog  was  chosen  clerk. 
Immediately  after  the  organization  had  been  ef- 
fected, and  the  adoption  of  a  church  covenant  and 
the  election  of  the  proper  officers,  a  council  of  the 
churches  was  called,  who  formally  recognized  the 
church  as  a  regularly  constituted  Baptist  church. 
Rev.  A.  S.  Cole  was  the  Urst  pastor,  succeeded  by 
four  others,  until  the  succession  came  to  the  pres- 
ent incumbent.  Rev.  F.  T.  (jates.  who  was  called 
in  1880.  The  church  has  enjoyed  since  its  organ- 
izaton  an  almost  iminterrupted  growth.  Present 
memberehip  is  about  160.  The  society  possesses 
a  comfortable  house  of  worship,  4(1x70  feet,  seat- 
ing 250  persons.  There  is  also  a  conmiodious 
parsonage. 

The  First  Swedish  Baptist  Church  was  organ- 
ized in  1872,  with  a  membership  of  twenty-five, 
in  a  hall  opposite  the  present  post-offlce ;  con- 
tinued there  for  two  years.  The  church  now  lo- 
cated on  tlie  corner  of  Sixth  street  and  Twelfth 
Avenue  south,  was  built  by  offerings  from  ser- 
vant girls  of  from  five  to  fifteen  dollars  each, 
aided  by  a  subscription  tif  S22o.  raised  in  one 
night  by  the  First  Baptist  Church. 

First  Norwegian  Baptist  Church,  located  on 
Eleventh  Avenue  between  Fourth  and  Fifth 
streets,  was  organized  May  28,  1879,  with  about 
fifteen  members,  and  Rev.  J.  A.  H.  Johnson,  pas- 
tor. During  his  administration  a  new  church  was 
begun  in  September,  1880.  From  May  to  Sep- 
tember the  church  was  without  regular  preach- 
ing, when  Rev.  I.  Lai'sen  was  called  and  accepted 
the  office  of  pastor,  who  so  far  finished  the  work 
as  to  make  it  convenient  for  public  worship.  At 
the  present  time  it  has  about  thirty-eight  mem- 
bers. 


CONGREGATIONAL    CHTRCHES. 

The  First  Congregalional  church  was  organized 
November  16, 1851.  Rev.  Charles  Seccombe  of 
St.  Anthony,  and  Rev.  Richard  Hall  of  Point 
Douglass,  conducted  the  services.  There  were 
twelve  members  and  Mr.  Seccombe,  a  missionary 
of  the  American  Home  Missionary  Society,  took 
charge  of  this  young  organization.  This  was  the 
first  Congregational  church  organized  in  the  ter- 
ritory ;  seven  years  before  the  state  of  Minnesota 
was  added  to  the  Union.  In  1852  the  churcli 
formed  a  union  with  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church  of  St.  Anthony,  but  this  arrangement  was 
abandoned  July  28,  1853.  The  church  received 
aid  from  the  American  Home  iSIissionary  Society 
during  the  first  fifteen  years  of  its  existence,  since 
which  time  it  has  been  self  supporting.  Rev. 
Charles  Secconilje  was  installed  as  the  first  pastor 
July  30,1854;  he  was  succeeded  August,  1866, 
by  Rev.  Orlando  Clark,  who  was  succeeded  Sep- 
tember 28,  1867,  by  Rev.  Jay  Clizbe.  In  June, 
1868,  Rev.  Gabriel  Campbell  took  charge  and 
served  as  acting  pastor  until  June,  1869.  Then 
for  a  few  months  there  was  no  regular  supply.  In 
December,  1869,  Rev.  Egbert  B.  Bingliam  took 
charge  as  acting  pastor,  and  remained  until 
August,  1870,  when  he  resigned  on  account  of  ill 
health  ;  he  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  James  Tomp- 
kins as  supply,  who  acted  in  that  capacity  until 
May  15, 1872.  From  this  date  till  February,  1873, 
the  church  was  without  an  acting  pastor.  On 
February  11,  1873,  Rev.  George  M.  Landon  was 
invited  to  become  pastor.  He  aceeiited  the  call 
and  although  not  installed,  seiTed  as  pastor  elect 
until  May,  1875.  On  the  6th  of  July,  1875.  Rev. 
E.  ]SI.  Williams  received  a  call  which  he  accepted, 
and  is  the  present  incumbent.  The  services  of 
the  church  were  'first  held  in  a  school  building 
erected  by  the  town  of  St.  Anthony  as  a  pledge 
of  the  University  yet  to  be.  This  building  stood 
between  University  Avenue  and  A\hat  is  now 
known  as  Macalester  College,  but  it  lias  long 
since  disappeared.  The  house  of  worship  fii-st 
built  by  the  society  was  located  near  the  corner 
of  Central  Avenue  and  Fourth  street,  where  it 
still  stands.  The  l)asenient  was  first  occupied  as  a 
place  of  worship  from  January  16,  1853,  but  the 
upper  part  was  not  completed  until  the  following 
year,  when  it  was  dedicated  February  15,  1854. 


474 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


The  present  house  of  worship  on  the  comer  of 
Fifth  street  and  Third  Avenue  south-east  was 
dedicated  June  28,  1S74. 

The  l^lymouth  Congregational  Church  in  Mm- 
neapoUs,  ^[iunesota,  was  orgiinized  April  28th, 
18o7.  with  eighteen  memhei-s:  one  of  these  came 
by  profession,  two  by  letter  from  the  First  Pres- 
byterian church  of  this  city,  and  the  othei-s  from 
Congregational  and  Presbyterian  churches  ia  the 
eastern  and  middle  states.  Of  this  number,  eight 
still  remain  membei-s  of  the  church.  The  iiret 
pastor  was  Rev.  Xorman  ^IcLeod,  who  continued 
with  the  chiurch  from  its  organization  untU  May, 
18.59.  From  that  time  the  pulpit  was  supplied 
chiefly  by  Rev.  H.  C.  Atwater,  untU  the  settle- 
ment of  Rev.  H.  il.  Xichols,  as  pastor  in  Decem- 
hsv,  1859.  The  sudden  and  melancholy  death  of 
Rev.  Mr.  Xichols  by  drowning  on  July  oth,  1860. 
shrouded  the  chiu-ch  with  gloom,  and  again  left 
it  without  a  pastor.  Rev.  W.  B.  Dada  and  Rev. 
David  Eastman,  then  successively  supplied  the 
pulpit  until  October.  1862,  when  Rev.  Charles  C. 
Salter  began  his  ministry  here,  and  was  installed 
pastor  in  Septembr,  1864.  April  oth,  1869.  Rev. 
Mr.  .Salter  resigned  his  pastorate,  and  was  dis- 
missed by  a  mutual  council  convened  on  the  14th 
of  the  same  month.  The  next  pastor  was  Rev. 
Henry  A.  Stimson.  who  began  his  labors  Decem- 
ber 1st,  1869,  and  was  ordained  and  installed  as 
pastor  ilay,  2.5th,  1870.  He  continued  his  labors 
until  September  1st,  1880,  when  he  asked  fora  dis- 
mission which  was  granted  b\  a  council  called 
for  that  pui-pose.  The  first  house  of  worship 
which  stood  on  the  comer  of  Nicollet  Avenue  and 
Fourth  street,  was  dedicated  December  22d, 
1858,  and  was  destroyed  by  an  incendiary  tire 
on  the  night  of  AprU  3d.  1860,  m  retalliatiou  as 
is  believed,  for  the  faithfuhiess  and  activity  of 
the  pastor.  Rev.  H.  M.  Nichols,  in  the  cause  of 
temperance.  A  new  building  was  erected  on  the 
site  and  dedicated  September  13th.  1863.  In 
1866,  it  was  enlarged  by  increasing  its  length,  and 
by  the  addition  of  galleries,  thus  providing  about 
two  hundred  and  fifty  additional  sittings.  In 
1870,  the  steady  increase  of  the  congregation 
made  it  apparent  that  a  still  larger  building 
would  soon  be  needed.  Accordingly  a  new  site 
was  purchased  on  the  comer  of  Nicollet  Avenue 
and  Eighth  street,a  building  committee  appointed, 
and  actual  preparations  commenced  for  the  erec- 


tion of  a  new  building.  After  various  delays,  the 
comer  stone  of  the  present  church  edifice  was 
laid,  and  the  completed  building  was  detUeated 
October  10th,  ls75.  Its  seating  capacity  is  twelve 
hundred,  and  it  fills  an  important  place  in  the  so- 
cial and  religious  life  of  our  city. 

Second  Congregational  Church.  In  tlie  sprmg 
of  1866,  Rev.  C.  C.  Salter,  with  the  aid  of  mem- 
bei-s  of  the  Plymouth  Church,  and  persons  in  the 
lower  part  of  the  city,  and  very  generous  contri- 
l)utions  from  parties  in  the  Ea«t.  succeeded  in 
raising  funds  sufficient  to  warrant  the  founding 
of  a  mission  Sunday-school.  A  fractional  lot  on 
the  corner  of  Fourth  and  "\'ine  street  (now  Fif- 
teenth Avenue  south)  was  purchased,  and  a  build- 
mg  26x40  erected,  at  a  cost  of  SI  ,795.33.  The 
school  was  opened  May  14th,  1866.  with  O.  B. 
King,  superintendent.  Rev.  A.  U.  Carrier  came 
and  labored  imtil  ilay,  1867,  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Rev.  "WilHam  Leavitt,  who  suppUed  the 
pulpit  imtil  November  14th,  1869.  In  the  mean- 
time the  Sunday-school  had  ijicreased  to  such  an 
extent  that  it  was  deemed  expedient  to  organize  a 
church,  and  a  council  was  called  by  letters  dated 
September  24th,  1867.  The  council  met  October 
9th,  1867,  Rev.  A.  K.  Packard,  moderator;  and 
Rev.  E.  S.  Williams,  scribe.  After  a  careful 
view  of  the  history  of  the  work  and  the  need  of 
it  in  that  part  of  the  city,  it  was  moved  by  Rev. 
E.  S.  AVilliams  that  the  church  be  organized  in 
accordance  with  the  petition.  The  motion  was 
unanimously  canied.  Rev.  Messrs.  HaU.  Dudley 
and  Brown  were  appointed  a  committee  to  call  a 
meeting  for  the  public  recognition  of  the  church. 
The  council  met,  October  14th.  and  the  church, 
consisting  of  twenty  members,  was  duly  organ- 
ized with  appropriate  exercises.  The  organiza- 
tion had  thus  far  been  known  as  "Plymouth 
Chapel,""  but  at  a  meeting  held  October  20th, 
1867,  it  was  voted  that  it  be  called  the  ■■"\"ine 
Street  Congi-egatioual  Chm'ch.""  During  the  pas- 
torate of  Mr.  Leavitt.  the  number  of  members  in- 
creased from  twenty  to  thirty-five.  ^Mr.  Lea\-itt 
was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Prescott  Fay,  who  occu- 
pied the  pulpit  for  two  years,  resigning  November 
18th,  1871.  Rev.  Horace  Burnsted  commenced 
his  labors  in  this  church  Febmary  4th,  1872,  and 
continued  until  March  1st,  1875.  Previous  to 
tliis,  the  increase  of  the  congregation  and  Sunday- 
school  had  made  it  jiecessary  to  provide  more 


UNIVEBSALIST  CHURCHES. 


475 


ample  accommodations.  Two  lots,  at  the  corner 
of  Eighth  street  and  Thirteenth  Avenue  south, 
were  secured,  and  the  work  of  erecting  a  new 
church  was  begun.  The  basement,  consisting  of 
lectme-room,  class-rooms  and  kitchen,  was  com- 
pleted in  July,  1874,  since  which  it  has  been  occu- 
pied ))y  the  church.  The  building  is  veneered 
with  cream  shade  brick  ;  it  stands  about  eighty 
feet  in  extreme  length  by  seventy  feet  in  breadth, 
and  will  seat  •'5(50  jiersons  in  the  auditorium.  The 
name  of  the  church  has  also  been  changed  to 
"  The  Second  Congregational  Church  of  Minne- 
apolis." At  a  meeting  of  the  church  held  May 
24th,  1875,  it  was  unanimously  voted  to  extend  to 
Kev.  E.  S.  Williams  a  call  to  become  its  pastor. 
The  call  was  accepted,  and  he  has  continued  as 
pastor  until  the  present  time.  During  this  pe- 
riod of  two  years,  seventy-one  have  been  added 
to  its  membership — thirty-nine  on  profession  of 
faith  and  thirty-two  by  letter.  The  Sunday- 
school,  which  at  first  numbered  twenty-sLx  schol- 
ars, has  steadily  increased,  and  in  1877  numbered 
two  hundred. 

Pilgrim  Church  is  located  at  the  corner  of 
Washington  Avenue  and  Fourteenth  Avenue 
north.  On  the  29th  day  of  September,  1873,  this 
church  was  organized,  with  twenty-two  members 
Rev.  C.  A.  Hampton  was  the  first  pastor,  who 
resigned  January  14th,  1879,  succeeded  by  Rev. 
G.  A.  Hood,  in  March,  1879.  During  that  time 
the  church  steadily  increased,  so  that  it  has 
passed  from  a  mission  chapel  into  a  neat  and 
commodious  churcli,  which  is  now  self-sustaining 
with  a  membersliip  of  aliout  ninety.  The  Suij^ 
day-school,  which  was  the  nucleus  around  which 
the  iiresent  church  was  formed,  was  a  mission 
from  Plymoutli  Church,  and  now  numbers  about 
one  hundred  and  forty.  ]\lr.  Horace  Layton  su- 
perintendent. This  is  but  another  repetition  of 
past  history  in  the  life's  work  of  earnest  men. 

I'^IIVKKSALIST. 

The  first  Universalist  Society  of  St.  Anthony 
was  organized  at  the  school-house  in  St.  Anthony 
on  Siniday,  the  28th  day  of  August,  18.53.  (4.  B. 
Dutton  was  called  to  the  chair,  and  Daniel  L. 
Paine,  elected  clerk.  The  object  of  the  meeting 
was  stated  by  one  of  the  members.  Reuben  Ball 
was  elected  treasurer  and  collector  tor  the  cur- 
rent year,  and  the  following  executive  committee 


was  then  elected;  Stephen  Cobb,  M.  W.  Getebell 
and  J.  B.  Bassett;  Rev.  ]Mr.  15arnes,  pastor.  At  a 
meeting  called  in  Central  hall,  St.  Anthony, 
February  3d,  1856,  the  society  was  re-organized 
with  John  L.  Lovejoy  for  president,  and  J.  II. 
Lennon,  secretary.  At  the  annual  meeting  held 
February  2d,  1859,  Rev.  Mr.  Barnes  tendered  his 
resignation  as  pastor  of  the  society.  May  17th, 
1868,  Rev.  II.  Bisbee  was  elected  pastor  of  the 
church.  Felmiary  6tli,  1876,  the  society  met  with 
president  Lovejoy  in  the  chair,  and  resolved  that 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Plarrington  he  invited  to  come  and 
hold  meetings  in  the  spring,  in  order  to  determine 
the  question  whether  or  not  a  pastor  could  be 
maintained.  Tins  was  the  last  meeting  the  .so- 
ciety held.  Circumstances  over  which  the  mem- 
bers of  the  society  had  no  control,  caused  them 
to  discontinue  their  meetings,  and  in  1877,  they 
sold  their  church  building  and  grounds  to  the 
French  Catholics,  and  it  is  now  known  as  the 
Church  of  Our  Lady  of  Lourdes. 

The  first  meeting  for  organization  of  the  ( 'liurch 
of  the  Redeemer  was  held  at  the  Cataract  House, 
October  24th,  1859,  W.  D.  Washburn  in  the  chair; 
it  was  organized  imder  the  name  of  First  Uni- 
versalist Society  of  Minneapolis.  Among  the 
first  members  in  1854-5,  were  Judge  Cornell  and 
wife,  I.  I.  Lewis,  George  AV.  Chowen,  Isaac 
Brown  and  John  Jackins.  Rev.  D.  Skimier 
preached  for  a  few  months,  when  the  Rev.  J.  W. 
King  was  called  and  accepted  the  pastorate. 
During  his  pastorate  a  church  was  built  on  the 
corner  of  Fifth  street  and  Fourth  Avenue  south, 
and  was  dedicated  in  October,  l.s66.  Rev.  I).  M. 
Reed  of  Illinois,  preaching  the  dedication  ser- 
mon. On  the  first  Sunday  in  July,  Rev.  J.  II. 
Tuttle  of  Chicago,  preached  his  first  i-ernion. 
After  eight  years  of  his  ministry  the  increasing 
growth  of  the  church  necessitated  a  change  for 
larger  accommodations.  A  committee  was  ac- 
cordingly appointed  and  a  new  site  for  a  church 
was  selected  on  the  corner  of  Eighth  street  and 
Second  Avenue  south,  and  work  was  commenced 
on  the  present  new  and  beautiful  edifice  in  May, 
1873.  The  work  was  pushed  foi'ward  as  rapidly 
as  so  elaborate  a  work  could  well  be  done,  all  tak- 
ing an  interest  in  the  new  house.  Hon.  W.  D. 
Washburn  presented  the  society  with  an  elegant 
organ  of  the  finest  finish  and  tone,  costing  be- 
tween  three  and  four  thousand  dollars.    After 


476 


HTSTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


tlie  completion  of  the  church  a  meeting  was  called 
in  July,  1876,  and  on  a  motion  made,  the  new 
church  was  named  the  "Church  of  the  Re- 
deemer," and  was  dedicated  July  9th,  1876. 
Rev.  A.  A.  Minor,  D.  D.,  of  Boston,  ^lassachu- 
setts,  preachins  the  dedication  sermon.  Invoca- 
tion by  the  Kev.  IJoliert  Collyer  of  C'liicago.  It 
is  built  of  blue  lime-stone  in  the  gothic  style  of  ar- 
chitecture, with  elegantly  designed  and  stained 
windows,  and  is  a  mar\'el  of  beauty  in  design 
and  architecture.  Kev.  J.  H.  Tuttle  is  pastor  in 
charge. 

EPISCOPAL. 

Church  of  (iethsemane.  Protestant  Episcopal, 
is  located  on  5>eventli  Avenue  south,  corner  of 
Fifth  street.  Tne  first  Episcopal  service  per- 
formed in  what  is  now  Minneapolis,  was  a  funeral 
service  by  the  Kev.  Dr.  (iear.  in  the  old  govern- 
ment mill  near  the  falls.  April  4th,  1856,  the 
church  of  Getlisemane  was  organized  by  Kev.  J. 
S.  Chamberlain,  missionary  at  St.  Anthony,  who, 
during  the  spring  and  summer  of  that  year,  held 
services  m  a  public  hall  on  Helen  street,  organ- 
ized with  five  communicants:  Wardens,  H.  T. 
Welles,  M.  L.  Olds;  vestrymen,  W.  J.  Parsons, 
I.  Atwater,  A.  E.  Ames.  July,  1856.  Kev.  D.  B. 
Knickerbacker,  present  rector,  was  appointed 
missionary  of  the  domestic  board,  and  was  or- 
dained priest,  in  Getlisemane  Church  July,  1857, 
by  Bishop  Kemper.  August  5tli,  1856,  the  corner 
stone  of  Getlisemane  Cliurch  was  laid,  by  the 
Kev.  Dr.  Gear,  then  chaplain  at  Fort  Snelling, 
and  the  first  sen-ice  was  held  in  the  church  De- 
cember 7th  of  that  year.  At  the  time  of  the  con- 
secration of  the  church  there  were  sixteen  com- 
municants. In  1858,  the  rectory  and  sexton's 
house  were  built,  and  in  1865,  the  church  was 
enlarged  and  the  parish  school  opened.  The  his- 
tory of  the  church  is  one  of  steady  growth  and 
prosperity  There  are  now  (1880)  two  hundred 
and  fifty  communicants.  The  present  officers  are: 
Rector,  Rev.  I).  B.  Knickerbacker.  D.  D.;  rector's 
assistant,  Rev.  J.  A.  Bevington,  B.  I).;  senior 
warden,  I.  Atwater;  junior  warden,  O.  T.  Tuttle; 
vestrymen,  C.  W.  Putnam,  M.  D.;  AV.  B.  Jack- 
son, Jr.;  E.  H.  llolbrook.  Jr.;  W.  H.  Chamber- 
lain, John  I.  Black,  W.  D.  Lawrence,  II.  D.; 
treasurer,  G.  C.  Farnham ;  clerk,  S.  C.  March  ; 
parish  visitors,  Sisters  Annette  Relf  and  Mrs.  D. 
E.  Spooner.    Connected  with  the  church  is  a 


Sunday-school,  of  which  the  rector  is  superin- 
tendent, having  an  average  attendance  of  about 
225  scholars.  The  following  is  a  description  of 
the  missions  in  the  city  under  charge  of  (iethse- 
mane Church: 

St.  Andrew's  Church,  Xorth  Minneapolis,  is 
located  at  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Eigh- 
teenth Avenues  north.  Services  were  com- 
menced in  1857  and  continued  until  the  present 
time  under  the  care  of  the  clergy  of  Getlisemane. 
Service  is  held  every  Sunday  morning,  and  Sun- 
day-school after  morning  service.  There  are 
fifty  families  and  fifty-five  communicants.  The 
Sunday-scliool  has  seventy-five  scholars  enrolled. 

Grace  Chapel  Mission  is  located  on  Franklin 
Avenue,  corner  of  Twenty-first  .Vvenue  south. 
It  was  erected  in  1877.  at  a  cost  of  52. .500;  owned 
and  under  the  care  of  the  Brotherhood  of  (ieth- 
semane Church.  Di\'ine  service  and  Sunday- 
school  is  held  weekly  at  three  o'clock  p.  m.;  one 
hundred  children  are  enrolled.  It  is  under  the 
care  of  Rev.  D.  B.  Knickerbacker,  D.  D..  and  as- 
sistants. 

Coimty  Jail. — Mission  services  are  held  here 
every  Sunday  afternoon  by  the  Brotherhood  of 
Gethsemane  Church. 

Holy  Trinity  Church.  Fourth  Avenue  south, 
corner  Sixth  street  was  founded  under  the  auspi- 
ces of  the  associated  mission  which  landed  at  Ft. 
SneUing  in  18.50,  consisting  of  the  Kev.  James 
Lloyd  Breck.  John  Austin  Merrick  and  Kev. 
Timothy  Wilcoxson.  The  first  service  in  East 
Minneapolis,  then  St.  Anthony  was  held  in  July, 
1850,  by  Rev.  Timothy  Wilcoxson.  The  corner 
stone  of  the  original  church  was  laid  by  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Breck,  October  30th,  18-50.  Rev.  Father 
Gear,  chaplain  at  Fort  Snelling,  making  the  ad- 
dress. First  episcopal  visitation  was  made  by 
Right  Rev.  Dr.  Kemper  on  Sunday,  August  4th. 
1850.  The  parish  was  formally  organized  on 
Easter  Monday,  1852,  first  clergyman  in  charge, 
Kev.  Timothy  Wilcoxson.  October  1st,  18.52, 
Kev.  J.  S.  Chamberlain  was  assigned  to  duty  at 
St.  Anthony,  and  several  stations  north  and 
south;  Kev.  D.  B.  Knickerbacker  afterwards  pas- 
tor of  Getlisemane  parish,  and  Bishop  elect  of 
Arizona,  was  sent  out  to  aid  Rev,  Mr.  Chamber- 
lain and  remained  in  charge  until  1857.  He  was 
succeeded  by  Kev.  Charles  Woodward  as  rector 
from  1857   to   "59.    The  rectorship  -was  vacant 


EPISCOPAL  CHURCHES. 


477 


from  '59  to  '60,  when  Rev.  H.  A.  Neely  assumed 
temporary  charge  until  May  Sth,  1861.  Rev.  Mr. 
Kiiickerbacker  resumed  the  care  of  the  parish 
until  1862.  In  1863,  Re  v.  A.  Spor  became  rector, 
remained  until  I860;  Rev.  Dr.  Smallwood  suc- 
ceeded, wlio  died  universally  regretted,  July  2d, 
1869.  The  parish  again  became  dependent  upon 
the  care  of  Rev.  Mr.  Knickerbacker  until  Octo- 
ber, 1867;  Rev.  A.  Reves  succeeded  only  to  re- 
main a  short  time.  Rev.  John  Anketel  succeed- 
ed him  for  a  brief  period;  Rev.  G.  L.  Chase  then 
became  rector,  remaining  until  September,  1874, 
at  which  time,  after  being  twice  called,  he  as- 
sumed the  wardenship  of  the  Divinity  school  at 
Faribault.  Mr.  Chase  was  assisted  for  several  years 
by  the  Rev.  Charles  H.  Plummer,  who  was 
succeeded  in  October,  1874,  by  Rev.  Frank  C. 
Coolbaugh,  who  remained  until  October  4th, 
1875.  On  December  4th,  1875,  Rev.  Theodore 
M.  Riley,  of  Philadelphia,  was  elected  rector,  and 
entered  upon  his  duties  July  15th,  1876.  Under 
the  rectorship  of  Rev.  Mr.  Chase,  a  new  stone 
church  had  been  erected,  which  remained  unfurn- 
ished luitil  1876;  carpets  and  pews  were  provided 
in  1877;  windows  for  the  chancel  were  presented 
by  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Grow,  of  New  York;  furnish- 
ed and  without  debt  it  awaited  consecration, 
which  occured  on  ascension  day.  May  .30th,  1878, 
by  Right  Rev.  Bishop  Whipple.  The  sermon  was 
preached  by  Rev.  C.  W.  Ward,  of  Winona,  son 
of  the  late  Comodore  Ward.  The  Font 
now  in  use  in  the  church,  was  made  from 
stone  that  fell  from  the  top  of  St.  Anthony  Falls 
in  1856.  The  altar  somewhat  enlarged,  is  the 
original  one  in  use  in  the  days  of  Breck,  Mer- 
rick and  Wilcoxson;  the  hell  was  purchased  in 
1854.  The  rectory  just  completed  was  erected 
during  the  past  year,  largely  through  the  kind 
benevolence  of  Mrs.  Caroline  II.  Delano,  of  Nia- 
gara Falls,  who  donated  one  thousand  dollars  to- 
ward the  cozy  structure;  the  remaining  |500  was 
contributed  by  the  parish. 

St.  Mark's  Chiirch  was  organized  April  22d, 
1868.  The  first  service  of  the  new  parish  was  in 
St.  Mark's  Chapel,  in  July,  sermon  by  Rev. 
E.  S.  Thomas,  of  Faribault.  Rev.  Mr.  Thomas 
was  mianimously  chosen  the  first  rector,  August 
3d,  which  he  declined.  Rev.  E.  A.  Bradley  was 
elected,  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  office 
in  1869,  holding  the  rectorship  for  about  eighteen 


months.  He  resigned  August  10th,  1870.  The 
new  church  was  completed  in  December  follow- 
ing, and  the  first  service  in  the  new  edifice  was 
held  on  Christmas  day,  at  whicli  time  the  total 
amount  of  the  church  debt  of  seven  thousand 
dollars,  was  paid  l)y  the  generous  offerings  of  the 
people.  This  new  and  beautiful  structure  was 
consecrated  September  21st,  1871,  Bishop  Whip- 
ple officiating.  Rev.  Mr.  Thomas  resigned  Janu- 
ary 1st,  1875,  succeeded  by  Rev.  Mr.  Corbett,  D. 
D.,  who  resigned  January  2d,  1880.  In  October, 
1880,  Rev.  T.  B.  Wells,  D.  D.,  the  present  rector, 
was  elected. 

St.  Paul's  Ei)iscopal  Church,  located  on  Henne- 
pin Avenue,  between  Twelfth  and  Thirteenth 
streets,  was  organized  in  June,  1880.  For  about 
seven  months  meetings  were  jield  in  Elliott  hall 
on  Nicollet  Avenue  lietween  Washington  Avenue 
and  Third  street.  The  congregation  purchased 
its  present  site  on  Ileiniepin  Avenue,  and  erected 
their  edifice  which  they  occupied  early  in  Novem- 
ber, 1880.  In  July,  the  present  rector,  Rev.  F. 
W.  Tomkius  was  called  and  took  charge  Septem- 
ber 1st,  1880.  The  communicants  number  about 
seventy-five,  and  are  rapidly  increasing. 

Christ  Church,  Reformed  Episcopal,  is  one  of 
the  later  organizations  of  the  city.  Its  edifice  is 
"on  Hennepin  Avenue  above  Tenth  street,  and  it 
possesses  one  of  the  best  organs  in  the  city.  Its 
membership  as  yet  is  small.  The  officers  are: 
rector.  Rev.  Edward  D.  Neill;  senior  warden,  W. 
C.  Baker;  junior  warden,  George  Markell;  vestry- 
men, Edwin  Phillips,  M.  D.,  J.  II.  Bissell,  .M.  D., 
W.  W.  McNair. 

The  German  Lutheran.  St.  John's  Church,  is 
located  on  First  street  between  Sixth  and  Seventh 
Avenues  north-east.  The  first  meeting  was  held 
in  a  school-house,  in  June,  1867.  Rev.  Mr.  Facht- 
man  was  the  first  pastor.  The  church  had  six- 
teen members.  From  various  causes  the  mem- 
bership has  been  reduced,  and  the  church  is  at 
present  without  a  pastor. 

Trinity  Norwegian  Danish  Evangelical  Luth- 
eran Church  is  located  on  the  corner  of  Fourth 
street  and  Tenth  Aveime  south.  Was  organized 
in  1868.  by  Rev.  Paidson,  who  is  now  a  resident 
of  Wilmar.  The  second  pastor  was  Prof.  W^ee- 
naas ;  the  third.  Prof.  Sven  Oftedal ;  and  the 
fourth,  G.  Oftedal,  the  present  incumbent.  The 
church  was  erected  in  1871.    The  first  member 


478 


HISTORY  OF  HEKNEPIN  COVNTY. 


ship  was  about  thirty.  The  present  number  is 
450.  There  is  a  religious  school  held  in  this 
church  about  two  and  a  half  months  in  the  year; 
also  a  a  Sunday-schoDl  weekly. 

Our  Savior's  Chiu-eh.  Xorwegian  Evangelical 
Lutheran,  located  on  the  corner  of  Washington 
and  Tenth  Avenue  south,  was  organized  in  1S69, 
by  Rev.  Zlvisaker,  with  about  six  members.  He 
remained  about  three  years,  and  was  succeeded 
by  Kev.  A.  II.  Stub.  In  1878,  the  present  in- 
cumbent. O.  P.  A'augsiies.  was  called  to  this 
charge.  The  voting  membership  is  about  one 
hundred. 

Emanuel  Church.  Xorwegian  Evangelical  Lu- 
theran, located  on  First  street  between  Cen- 
tral and  First  Aveimes  north-east  It  is  an 
outgrowth  from  the  church  of  'Our  Savior." 
and  was  organized  liy  Rev.  A.  II.  Stub,  to  ac- 
commodate tlie  Xorwegian  population  on  the 
east  side.  Rev.  Mr.  Stub  was  succeeded  by  the 
Rev.  O.  P.  A'augsnes.  who  is  now  in  charge. 

Swedish  Evangelical  Lutheran  Mission  Church 
is  located  on  the  corner  of  Fourth  street  and 
Eighth  Avenue  south;  was  organized  in  1874,  by 
by  Rev.  Charles  Youngqxist.  who  remained  six 
months:  was  then  supplied  occasionally  until  1877, 
when  Rev.  A.  Lidman  took  charge,  remaining 
until  tlie  arrival  of  the  Rev.  C.  E.  Tornqvist' 
August,  1880.  First  worehipped  on  the  comer  of 
Sixth  street  and  Seventeenth  Avenue  south,  in  a 
church  sold  to  Father  Power  of  the  Holy  Rosary 
Cluucli.  In  1879.  a  church  was  erected  on  the 
corner  of  Fourtli  street  and  Eiglith  Avenue  south, 
and  dedicated  the  same  year.  "Was  organized 
with  eight  families.  Tlie  communicants  now 
number  175. 

St.  Johu"s  Church,  tierman  Evangelical,  is  lo- 
cated on  the  corner  of  Sixteenth  Avenue  north 
and  Tliird  street,  and  was  organized  in  1872,  by 
Rev.  Louis  Rague  of  St.  Paul.  Having  no  edi- 
fice, met  in  private  houses,  and  was  occassionally 
visited  by  Rev.  Rague.  In  1874  Rev.  L.  H. 
Buelirig  was  appointed  pastor.  In  187.5  the  land 
on  which  the  neat  Uttle  church  and  parsonage  is 
located  was  purchased  and  the  church  erected  the 
same  year.  Rev.  Buehrig  remained  till  May  1st, 
1878.  For  a  few  months  there  was  no  regular 
preaching.  August  8lh,  1878,  Rev.  II.  Fleer  took 
charge  of  the  work  and  now  remains  pastor. 

During  the  vacation  of  the  public  schools  ]SIr. 


Fleer  has  a  select  school  in  the  church  for  about 
three  months  in  the  year.  Reading,  wniting, 
mental  arithmetic,  spelling,  etc.,  are  taught. 

Trinity  ("liurch,  tierman  Evangelical  Lutheran, 
is  located  on  the  corner  of  Xinth  Avenue  south 
and  Fourth  street.  In  18-56,  Ferdinand  Sievere 
was  sent  here  by  the  Missouri  SjTiod  to  Investi- 
gate, and  finding  a  number  of  his  countrymen 
here  without  a  pastor  or  church  organization,  he 
consented  to  preach  a  few  times,  thereby  forming 
the  nucli;:s  of  the  present  Trinity  church.  After 
his  return  home,  the  society  was  visited  by  Rev. 
E.  G.  Miessler,then  amissionarv"  from  Michigan. 
The  first  regular  pastor  was  Rev.  John  Ilorst. 
who  took  cliarge  in  1859.  coming  here  from  Fort 
Wayne,  Indiana,  remaining  till  the  summer  of 
186.3:  moved  to  Cioodhue  county,  leaving  the 
church  without  a  regular  supply.  Rev.  Paul 
Rupi)recht  preached  occasionally,  after  which 
Rev.  Eniest  Rolf,  of  St.  Paid,  took  the  charge 
until  March.  1868,  when  Rev.  William  Fredrich 
supplied  the  pulpit  until  the  health  of  Rev.  .lohn 
Herzer  permitted  him  to  resume,  and  he  contin- 
ued his  labore  until  July  6th,  1879,  when  the  pres- 
ent incumbent.  .Mr.  Poell.  arrived.  The  church 
was  built  in  1868.  and  dedicated  in  September  of 
the  same  year.  At  that  time  there  were  only 
sixteen  members:  at  present  the  voting  member- 
ship is  sixty. 

St.  Paul's  Xorwegian  Evangelical  Lutheran 
church,  located  on  the  corner  of  Fourth  street 
and  Fifteenth  A^•enue  south,  was  organized  July 
6th,  1872,  by  Mr.  Berg,  pastor,  with  twenty-six 
members.  From  the  first  organization  to  the 
present  time  they  have  had  three  pastors.  Rev. 
Mr.  Karlson  is  the  present  pastor.  Have  a  Sun- 
day-school that  was  organized  in  1874;  present 
membership  forty-five,  with  L.  Johnson  superin- 
tendent. 

The  Cierman  Evangelical  Association  is  located 
on  the  comer  of  Fourth  street  and  Sixth  Avenue 
north.  The  first  meeting  was  held  at  a  private 
residence  corner  of  Third  street  and  Hennepin 
Avenue  in  July,  1870,  with  three  members,  G.  H. 
Knebel  first  pastor.  Bishop  Whipple  kindly 
offered  them  tlie  use  of  the  chiuTh,  corner  of 
Fourth  street  and  Hennepin  Avenue.  The 
church  in  whicli  they  worshipped  was  to  be 
moved,  obUging  them  to  seek  quarters  elsewhere. 
Bv  the  action  of  the  conference  held  in  St.  Paul. 


LUTHERAN  CHURCHES. 


479 


steps  were  taken  to  secure  property  of  their  own, 
and  iu  August  following,  a  lot  was  purchased  cor- 
ner of  Fourth  street  and  Fourth  Avenue  north, 
and  in  September  following,  work  was  begun,  and 
in  November  the  church  was  completed  and  dedi- 
cated, Kev.  A.  Hudster,  D.  D.,  of  the  Northwest- 
ern College  at  Napierville,  IlUnois,  offleiating. 
June  ]2tli,  1872,  a  permanent  organization  was 
made.  In  1873,  Bev.  J.  Manthey  came  as  pastor; 
during  his  three  years  of  labor  the  church  grew 
and  prospered.  In  1876,  Rev.  W.  Stegner  was 
stationed  here  for  three  years.  In  that  time  the 
lot  on  which  the  chiu'ch  stood  was  sold  to  the 
Minneapolis  and  St.  Louis  Railway.  Immediately 
thereafter,  the  present  site  was  purchased,  the 
church  building  moved  and  repaired;  in  the  same 
year  a  parsonage  was  built  at  a  cost  of  SI  ,200.    In 

1879,  Mr.  Stegner  was  elected  presiding  elder, 
and  succeeded  by  Rev.  J.  G.  Ilaller,  under  whom 
the  Church  has  grown  largely;  also  the  Sunday- 
school.  The  parishioners  have  worked  with  com- 
mendable zeal. 

A  parochial  school,  in  connection  with  Trinity 
Church,  corner  of  Fourth  street  and  Tenth  Ave- 
nue south,  has  been  conducted  since  the  founding 
of  the  chiu'ch.  At  first  it  was  taught  by  the 
minister  in  charge,  but  in  1868,  Frederick  Droess- 
ler  taught  three  months  and  then  the  minister 
again  took  charge  until  August  13tli,  1871,  ^vhen 
John  Miller,  a  graduate  of  the  Teachers'  Semi- 
nary at  Addison,  Cook  county,  Illinois,  was  en- 
gaged. He  was  succeeded,  April  1st,  1873,  by 
Fred  Lotlunan,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  on  Sep- 
tember 1st,  1874,  John  W.  Doell,  the  present  in- 
cumbent took  charge.  The  building  is  located 
near  the  church  on  the  grounds  of  the  society. 
The  branches  taught  are  religion,  German  and 
English  reading,  arithmetic,  grammar,  vocal 
music,  United  States  history,  translation  and 
drawing. 

Lutheran  School  Association.    In  September, 

1880,  an  educational  association  was  formed  un- 
der the  supervision  of  Rev.  O.  P.  Vaugsnes.  Tlie 
object  of  this  organization  is  teaching  of  children 
of  both  sexes  in  religion  and  branches  usually 
taught  in  a  graded  school.  School  is  taught  ten 
months  of  the  year,  in  the  basement  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  church,  corner  of  Fourth  Avenue 
south  and  Fifth  street. 

In  connection  with  Augustana  church,  a  relig- 


ious day  school  is  held  in  the  church  about  four 
months  in  the  year.  The  branches  taught  are 
reading,  Biljle  history  and  catechism. 

Tlie  Friends  held  their  lirst  meeting  in  the 
summer  of  ISoO,  with  idiout  twelve  members, 
who  assemliled  in  an  upper  liall  on  First  street, 
in  a  building  belonging  to  Joel  Bassett.  Daniel 
Bassett  "head  of  the  meeting"  holdmg  meetings 
in  that  place  for  two  or  three  years.  In  18-57,  they- 
built  the  present  church  on  Hennepin  Avenue 
and  Eighth  street,  and  have  a  membership  of 
about  one  himdred  and  twenty. 

The  Church  of  Christ,  of  Minneapolis,  owes 
its  organization  to  the  following  circumstances. 
Early  in  the  month  of  February,  1877,  the  Chris- 
tian Missionary  Society  of  Minnesota,  an  institu- 
tion incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state  by 
the  religious  people  commonly  known  as  Disci- 
ples, sent  to  the  city  of  Minneapolis,  its  then 
presiding  elder,  J.  LaGrange,  to  ascertain  who,  if 
any  of  its  residents  were  of  their  faith,  and  to 
organize  if  possible,  a  church.  After  some  ef- 
forts several  were  found,  and  an  interview  was 
appointed  for  the  evening  of  February  14th,  at 
the  house,  A.  T.  Ankeny.  At  this  interview  the 
following  members  were  present;  Elder  La 
Grange,  Mr.  and  ISIrs.  S.  B.  Mattison,  Mrs.  O.  C. 
Wyman,  Mrs.  W.  S.  Atkinson.  It  was  then  de- 
termined to  continue  the  work  of  inipiiry.  In 
the  month  of  May  following,  under  the  invita- 
tion of  the  brethren,  they  were  visited  by  Elder 
N.  A.  McConnell,  of  Iowa,  by  whom  a  series  of 
meetings  was  conducted  at  the  chapel  of  the 
New  Jerusalem  Church  on  the  corner  of  Ninth 
street  and  Fifth  Avenue  south.  As  a  result  of 
those  labors,  the  Church  of  Christ  was  formed,  to 
be  governed  in  all  things  by  the  Holy  Scriptures. 
From  that  time  forward,  the  public  services  were 
regular,  and  the  following  persons  have 
acted  as  pastors;  Elders,  E.  T.  C.  Bennett, 
W.  H.  Rogers  and  W.  II.  Jeffries.  The 
trustees  are  S.  B.  ^lattison,  O.  C.  Wyman  and 
A.  T.  Ankeny,  deacons,  1).  W.  Egan,  J.  W.  Bird- 
well.  Dr.  L.  W.  Denton  and  O.  A.  Slafter.  The 
present  membership  is  seventy-six.  As  adjuncts 
to  the  churcli  are  a  llourshiug  Bible  school  and 
Womans  Aid  Society;  services  are  held  every  first 
day  of  the  week  at  the  chapel,  corner  Ninth 
street  and  Fifth  Avenue  south.  It  is  the  expec- 
tation of  this  church  to  erect  an  edifice  for  wor- 


480 


HISTORY  OF  HEXNEPIN  COUNTY. 


ship  at  as  early  a  day  as  circumstances  will  al- 
low. 

The  Advent  Christian  rinirch.  Fourth  street, 
between  Fifth  and  Sixth  Avenues  north,  was  or- 
ganized with  Hev.  II.  F.  BeiTick,  firet  pastor. 
Present  ehurch  edifice  was  erected  in  1870.  The 
officiating  clerg\inan.  Hev.  W.  J.  Brusell,  com- 
menced his  lahoi-s  in  1879.  They  have  a  member- 
•ship  of  about  forty;  also  a  Sunday-school  with  an 
average  attendence  of  forty;  Mr.  J.  Colter,  super- 
intendent. 

The  Hebrew  Reformed  Congregation  is  located 
near  the  corner  of  First  Avenue  south  and  Fifth 
sti-eet.  This  society  rented  a  hall  on  Hennepin 
Avenue  in  1878,  where  they  worshiped  for  two 
years,  with  the  Kev.  Dr.  Friedman  for  their 
pastor  for  the  first  year,  who  was  then  succeeded 
by  Rev.  Dr.  Shreierfor  one  year.  Their  constant- 
ly increasing  numbers  obliged  them  to  build  a 
synagogue,  at  a  cost  of  S6,.500,  which  was  ded- 
icated in  the  winter  of  1880.  It  is  built  in 
the  Oriental  style  of  architecture.  After  its 
dedication,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Iliowizi,  a  highly  cul- 
tured man,  was  called  and  accepted  the  charge. 


CHAPTER   LXXIII. 


lsEWSP.\PEl{S— COfRTS   AND   15AK. 

St.  Anthony  Express,  weekly.  To  the  St.  An- 
thony Express,  belongs  the  honor  of  the  title  of 
Father  of  the  Press  at  the  falls  of  St.  Anthony. 
The  first  inimber  was  issued  on  Saturday  of  the 
last  week  in  May,  1851.  It  was  published  in 
weekly  form,  indeed  there  was  no  daily  publica- 
tion in  the  tenitory  initil  six  years  later.  Our 
well  known  fellow  citizen.  Judge  Isaac  Atwater 
edited,  and  E.  Tyler  pubhshed  the  paper.  In  the 
spring  of  1852,  Judge  Atvvater  bought  out  his 
partner  and  continued  the  publication  of  the  sheet 
until  1858,  wlien  it  was  removed  to  Shakopee, 
having  been  sold  to  Judge  McDonald. 

Minnesotii  Republican,  weekly.  On  Ajiril  12th, 
1855,  C.  G.  Ames,  editor,  and  D.  L.  Paine,  pub- 
lisher, stai-ted  the  Minnesota  Republican,  which 
ran  with  varying  success  until    it  was  sold   to 


Croffut  and  Clark  and  finally,  on  January  6th, 
1858,  merged  into  the  State  Xews. 

Falls  Evening  Xews,  daily.  Messrs.  Croffut 
and  Clark  were  the  first  to  launch  their  bark  upon 
the  sea  of  daily  journalism  ;  on  whose  rocks  and 
shoals  so  many  promising  crafts  have  been  ship- 
wTecked.  September  28th,  1856,  they  began  the 
publication  of  the  daily.  Falls  Evening  Xews.  In 
April,  1861,  the  daily,  after  a  hard  struggle,  sank 
from  view.  The  weekly  edition,  known  as  the 
State  X'ews.  continued  however,  two  years  longer. 

Xorth-AVestern  Democrat,  weekly.  AV.A.Hotch- 
kiss,  started  the  North-Western  Democrat,  the  first 
paper  issued  west  of  the  river,  during  the  month 
of  August,   1855.     This  sheet  continued    until 

1857,  when  Joel  B.  Bassett  purchased  it,  after- 
wards selling  to  W.  F.  Russell  of  Shakopee. 

The  Gazette,  weekly,  ilr.  Russell  removed  to 
Minneapolis  and  christened  his  venture  The  Ga- 
zette. Only  a  year  later,  Mr.  Bassett  again  ob- 
tained possession  of  the  sheet,  selling  it  shortly 
afterwards,  when  it  was  merged  into  the  Journal. 

Minneapolis  Journal,  weekly.  In  1858,  C.  H. 
Pettit  and  John  G.  Williams  having  bought  the 
Gazette,  rejuvenated  it  under  the  name  of  the 
Minneapolis  Journal.  l)ut  it  was  short  lived,  being 
swallowed  up  by  the  State  Atlas  in  1859. 

The  Plain  Dealer,  weekly.    On  the  5th  of  April 

1858,  Horace  E.  Purdy  issued  the  Plain  Dealer, 
democratic  in  principle.  Seventeen  months  later 
it  was  removed  to  La  Crosse. 

State  Atlas,  weekly.  May  28th,  1859,  the  in- 
domitalile  William  S.  King  started  the  State  At- 
las. Col.  King  had  a  severe  struggle,  but  by  hard 
w'ork  and  with  the  aid  of  his  personal  endeavor 
as  sole  proprietor  and  editor,  he  earned  his  enter- 
prise safely  until  1.S67,  when  the  Daily  Tribune 
engulphed  it. 

The  Chronicle,  daily.  On  June  22d,  1866,  a 
publishing  company  composed  of  Jolui  H.  Stevens 
and  others,  began  the  weekly  Chronicle.  Three 
months  later  the  first  number  of  the  Daily  Chron- 
icle was  issued.  In  ilay  of  the  following  year 
the  paper  passed  into  the  Tribmie  vortex,  wliich 
sucked  down  so  many  cotemporaries. 

The  Cataract  and  Agriculturist,  weekly.  Col. 
J.  II.  .Stevens  and  F.  Belfoy.  the  latter  now  of 
Litchfield,  issued  the  first  number  of  the  Cataract 
and  Agrioulturist,  on  August  23d,  1857.  R.  H. 
Couwell  bought  the  paper  in  February.  1868. 


NEVVSPAPEBS. 


48] 


North  Star,  weekly.  Mr.  Conwell  poiitinued 
liis  purchase,  the  Cataract  and  Agi-iculturist,  un- 
der the  title  of  North  Star. 

The  Independent,  weekly.     In  the  fall  of  1868, 

C.  M.  Landon  purchased  ilr.  Conwell's  Korth 
Star  and  continued  the  ]uil)lieation  under  the 
name  of  the  Independent.  Tliis  sheet  lived  two 
years. 

Daily  Star.  R.  H.  Conwell  tried  his  hand  at  daily 
journalism  hy  starting  a  campaign  repidjlican 
paper  on  June  5th,  1868.  Tlie  paper  lasted  just 
five  months. 

The  Tribune,  daily.  In  the  year  1867,  Minne- 
apolis journalism  had  dwindled  down  to  two  pub- 
lications, the  State  Atlas  and  the  Daily  Chronicle. 
In  May  of  the  year  mentioned,  a  stock  company, 
called  the  Tribune  Printing  Company,  was 
formed,  consisting  of  some  of  the  leading  Kepub- 
licans  of  the  city,  prominent  among  whom  were 

D.  Morrison.  W.  I).  Washburn, Dr.  L.  Butler,  J. 
S.  Pillsbiiry,  W.  S.  King,  L.  P.  Plummer,  and  a 
number  of  others.  This  company,  with  a  capital 
stock  of  §2-5,000.  purchased  the  Minneapolis  field, 
together  with  the  good  will  and  chattels  of  the 
Atlas  and  Chronicle,  and  on  Saturday,  May  25th, 
1867,  issued  the  first  number  of  The  Daily  Trib- 
une, with  full  telegraphic  dispatches,  and  an  able 
corps  of  editors,  with  John  T.  Gilman  as  chief. 
Mr.  Oilman's  connection  with  the  Tribune  lasted 
tlu'ee  months,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  George 
K.  Shaw.  About  the  year  1870,  Hugh  W.  Greene 
was  placed  in  charge  of  the  paper.  Mr.  Greene 
was  followed  Ijy  Mr.  Powell,  Major  Ilowell,  W.  A. 
Croft'ut,  Clifford  Thompson,  and  J.  P.  Rea  as  ed- 
itors, in  the  order  given.  May  2d,  1876,  through 
the  pressure  of  financial  circumstances,  the  Pio- 
neer Press  obtained  conti'ol  of  the  Triljune's  asso- 
ciated press  franchise,  and  its  entire  good  will  and 
effects.  The  Evening  Mail  was  about  the  same 
time  swallowed  up  b>'  the  insatiate  monster. 
The  great  consolidated  sailed  for  a  time  under  the 
head  of  "  The  Pioneer  Press  and  Tribune. 
The  name  was  soon,  however,  reduced  to  its 
present  title.  The  Pioneer  Press,  printed  and 
edited  in  St.  Paul,  and  circulated  in  both  cities, 
St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis.  This  successful  couj) 
d'  etat,  by  which  St.  Paul  citizens  controlled  the 
entire  field  and  franchises  of  Minneapolis  daily 
journalism,  resulted  in  the  greatest  indignation  on 

the  part  of  the  people.    Twelve  of  the  best  citi- 
31 


zens  formed  a  syndicate  to,  if  possible,  remedy 
the  evil,  and  did  actually,  for  a  time,  obtain  under 
an  iron-clad  mortgage  held  by  Judge  Woods,  of 
Ohio,  the  custody  of  the  property.  An  indigna- 
tion meeting  was  held  at  the  Academy  of  Music, 
and  sentiments  anything  but  complimentary  to 
the  Pioneer  Press  action  were  freely  vented. 
The  efforts  of  "  the  twelve  apostles,"'  as  they 
were  dubbed,  failed  of  any  practical  result,  save 
that  the  Evening  Tribune  was  placed  in  the  field 
in  lieu  of  the  Evening  Mail,  under  the  editorial 
management  of  David  Blakely,  whose  conduct  of 
the  paper,  it  must  be  said,  has  but  reflected  credit 
upon  that  gentleman.  In  May,  1880,  after  many 
delayed  attempts,  the  Tribune  was  issued  as  a 
morning  daily  eight-page  paper,  with  full  tele- 
graphic franchise,  and  every  promise  of  supply- 
ing the  much  needed  and  long  talked  of  morning 
daily,  strictly  in  the  interests  of  Minneapolis. 
The  editorial  force  consists  of  D.  Blakely  and  A. 
B.  Nettleton,  editors  and  proprietors,  Amos  Jor- 
dan, news  editor,  J.  N.  Niud,  city  editor,  and  a 
corps  of  three  trained  reporters.  The  weekly 
edition  of  the  Tribune  has  reached  a  circulation 
throughout  the  north-west. 

The  Farmer's  Union,  weekly.  August  1st, 
1867,  W.  A.  Nimocks,  publisher,  and  Col.  J.  II. 
Stevens,  editor,  started  the  Farmer's  Union.  In 
December,  two  years  later,  Mr.  Ximocks  sold  out 
to  Col.  Stevens.  Up  to  January  1st,  1872,  the 
Union  had  been  issued  as  a  monthly,  but  on  that 
date  it  began  its  existence  as  a  weekly,  as  it  has 
since  continued.  August  1st,  1873,  W.  J.  Aber- 
nethy  purchased  the  paper,  running  it  with 
marked  success  until  July  1st,  1876,  when  it  be- 
came involved  in  the  general  downfall  of  Minne- 
apolis journals,  Ijeing  absorbed  by  the  Pioneer 
Press,  and  joined  with  the  Tribune's  weekly  as 
the  Weekly  Tribune  and  Farmer's  Union. 

St.  Anthony  Falls  Democrat,  weekly.  The 
first  number  of  tlie  St.  Anthony  Falls  Democrat 
was  issued  in  October,  1869,  by  Ovid  Pinney  and 
otliers,  with  Rev.  H.  Bisbee  as  editor.  In  the 
month  of  June  following,  Mr.  Pinney  assumed 
entire  charge,  afterwards  leasing  to  J.  J.  Green. 

Minneapolis  Democrat,  weekly.  Mr.  Green 
I'hanged  the  name  of  the  paper  to  the  Miimeapo- 
lis  Democrat,  and  continued  its  publication  until 
1873,  when  its  good-will  was  sold  to  the  Evening 
Times 


482 


mSTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Miinieapolis  Free  Will  Baptist.  This  publica- 
tion, appearinc;  once  in  three  months,  was  edited 
by  Rev.  A.  1).  Williams,  the  first  number  being 
issued  about  April,  of  I80O.  and  li\ed  liut  about 
a  year. 

Minnesota  Pupil,  weekly.  In  1808,  W.  T. 
Hatch  started  the  IMinnesota  Pupil  in  the  inter- 
ests of  education,  but  like  so  many  others  it  was 
destined  to  die.  and  dropped  out  of  sisht  about 
187.5. 

Temperance  Advocate,  weekly.  Rev.  Mr. 
>[anley  dedicated  the  Temperance  AdviH'ate  to 
the  tee-totaler's  cause,  issuing  the  lirst  number  in 
1869.  The  Advocate  lasted  about  two  years, 
then  went  the  way  of  the  rest. 

The  Citizen,  weekly.  The  Citizen,  claiming  to 
be  luisectarian,  was  in  fact  devoted  to  the  cause 
of  Christianity.  The  first  number  appeared  Jan- 
uary 1st,  1874.  It  was  published  in  pamphlet 
form  of  twenty  pages,  and  edited  by  Prof.  Camp- 
bell, of  the  State  University  faculty.  Douglass  & 
Donaldson  purchased  the  paper  in  1875,  and  after 
a  series  of  legal  complications  and  business  mis- 
takes, it  suspended  in  ^Nlarcli.  1878. 

Liberty  Blade,  weekly.  August  1st,  1877,  J.  C. 
Irvin  moved  the  Liberty  Blade  from  St.  Paul. 
The  paper  was  devoted  to  temperance,  and  was 
for  some  time  nui  in  the  interests  of  the  Good 
Templars'  lodges.  Early  in  1879,  llev.  AV.  AV. 
Satterlee,  noted  for  his  energetic  adherence  to  the 
temperance  cause,  purchased  the  paper,  and  con- 
ducted it  in  his  usual  vigorous  style  until  late  in 
the  fall,  when  it  was  united  with  the  Waseca 
Radical. 

^Minnesota  Beacon,  semi-monthly.  On  January 
6th,  1858,  L.  Mel.  Hyde  and  Rev.  Mr.  Williams 
issued  the  first  number  of  a  semi-monthly,  enti- 
tled the  Minnesota  Beacon.  After  one  volume 
the  name  and  issue  was  changed. 

Rural  Minnesotian,  weekly.  At  the  conclusion 
of  the  first  volume  of  the  jMinnesota  Beacon,  the 
name  was  changed  to  the  Rural  Minnesotian,  and 
the  issue  was  made  weekly.  Expired  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  war,  1861. 

Minneapolis  Freie  Press,  weekly.  The  Freie 
Press  is  the  only  German  paper  published  in 
Minneapolis.  The  paper  was  started  November 
13th.  1809,  by  Lambert  Xaegel  publisher,  and  T>. 
A.  Ilinsch  as  editor. 

Evening  News,  daily.    June  3d,  1871,  George 


K.  Shaw  issued  the  first  number  of  the  Minne- 
apolis Daily  Evening  News.  Two  years  later 
Pliny  Bartlett  purchased  the  News  and  consoli- 
dated the  paper  with  the  Times  under  the  name 
of  the  Times  and  News,  a  title  which  was  shortly 
afterwards  dropped,  the  issue  being  continued 
under  the  name  of  the  Evening  Times. 

Evening  Times,  daily.  In  1872,  PUny  Bartlett 
started  the  Evening  Times,  with  Frank  J.  ISIead 
as  editor.  In  June,  1873,  the  Evening  News  was 
purchased  and  for  a  time  the  issue  was  published 
under  the  title  of  Times  and  News.  This  name 
was  subsequently  dropiied  and  a  stock  company 
was  formed,  to  run  the  Evening  Times  as  a  dem- 
ocratic daily,  with  the  late  Edward  Murphy  as 
president.  December  20th,  1873,  W.  S.  King 
closed  \\\i  the  concern  luider  a  chattel  mortgage. 

Evening  !Mail,  daily.  In  1874,  the  Evening 
Mail  was  started  luidcr  the  auspices  of  the  Trib- 
une with  Clifford  Thompson  as  editor.  About 
two  weeks  later  the  Mail  was  purchased  by  W. 
A.  Cruffut,  and  one  week  afterwards,  Johnson  & 
Smith  liought  a  half  interest  in  the  paper.  About 
a  year  later  Mr.  Croffut  disposed  of  his  interest  to 
the  firm  mentioned,  and  in  May,  1876,  the  Mail 
was  sold  to  T.  S.  King,  who  acted  in  the  piuchase 
as  the  agent  of  the  Pioneer  Press, 

Minnesota,  weekly.  Solberg  and  Eger  started 
the  Minnesota,  a  weekly  Norwegian  paper,  No- 
vember 1st,  1871,  merged  in  the  Budstikken  two 
years  later. 

Lutheraneren,  bi-monthly.  TheLulheraneren 
was  moved  from  Wisconsin  to  Minneapolis  in 
July,  1872,  by  Rev.  G.  Sverdrup.  in  the  interests 
of  the  Norwegian  Lutheran  church. 

Budstikken,  weekly.  September  2d.  1873.  P.  II. 
Hanson  and  Company  started  the  Budstikken,  a 
Norwegian  paper.  The  pulilication  was  subse- 
quently controlled  by  Gudman  F.  Johnson  and 
J.  E.  Gjedde;  Lute  Jaeger  is  the  editor. 

^laster-iSIechanic,  monthly.  Vernon  Bell  is- 
sued the  Master-Mechanic  in  1871.  Bell,  Comstock 
and  Parsons  subsequently  formed  a  company  to 
nm  the  paper  as  a  weekly.    It  soon  expired. 

Monday  Morning  News,  weekly.  II.  E.  Lawr- 
ence attempted  the  publication  of  the  Monday 
Morning  News,  in  1875.  The  paper  was  short 
lived,  only  a  few  numbers  being  issued. 

Tourist  and  Sportsman,  weekly.  A.S.  Dimond 
started  the  Tourist  and  Sportsman,  an  illustrated 


NEWSPAPERS. 


483 


paper  devoted  to  Minnesota  pleasure  resorts  for 
the  summer  months,  in  May  of  1875.  April  6tli, 
1880,  while  published  by  Wilcox,  Dimond  and 
Company,  the  paper  was  burned  out.  Tlie  paper 
is  issued  during  the  summer  months. 

Mississippi  Valley  Liunlierman,  weekly.  P. 
B.  Walker  started  the  Mississippi  Valley  Lum- 
berman, August  17th,  1876.  Tlie  paper  is  con- 
ducted entirely  in  the  interest  of  tlie  lumbermen. 
It  has  been  repeatedly  enlarged  and  seems  to  be  in 
a  flourishing  condition. 

Tlie  Pioneer  Press.  This  paper  belongs  to 
Mimieapolis  by  birth  and  native  growth,  as  well 
as  by  adoption.  On  the  one  hand,  it  represents, 
it  is  true,  the  life  and  history  of  journalism  in 
St.  Paul,  from  the  first  issue  of  the  "St.  Paul  Pi- 
oneer," April  28th,  1849,  down  to  the  date  of 
union  of  the  Pioneer  and  the  "St.  Paul  Daily 
Press,"  April  11th,  1875.  On  the  other  hand,  it 
represents  also  the  growth  of  journalism  in  Min- 
neapolis, from  the  early  days  of  the  old  "Nortli- 
Western  Gazette,"  down  to  tlie  original  "Minne- 
apolis Tribune,"  with  which  the  Pioneer  Press 
was  consolidated  iNIay  2d,  187B.  The  St.  Paul 
Pioneer  had  for  several  years  previous  to  its 
union  with  the  Press,  maintained  a  business 
and  editorial  "Minneapolis  department,"  but  with 
the  union  of  1876,  an  entirely  new  sy.stem  was 
established,  which  made  it  a  more  thorough  rep- 
resentative of  the  life  and  growth  of  JNliniieapo- 
lis.  In  proprietary  interests,  and  in  editorial  and 
business  management,  both  cities  were  properly 
represented,  and  the  new,  or  joint,  policy  estab- 
lished, gave  to  both  cities  a  widely  circulated  or- 
gan. The  average  circulation  of  the  Pioneer 
Press  is  now  lietween  eleven  and  twelve  thousand, 
through  Minnesota,  Dakota,  Montana,  Manitoba, 
northern  Iowa  and  northern  Wisconsin.  The 
Weekly  Pioneer  Press  has,  in  addition  to  the  in- 
creasing circulation  of  the  daily  edition,  reached 
fourteen  tliousand  copies,  which  go  into  the 
homes  of  the  most  intelligent  and  thrifty  of  the 
farming  population.  This  paper  has  lately  se- 
cured the  entire  control  of  a  telegraphic  wire  be- 
tween St.  Paul  and  New  York  and  Wasliington, 
which  gives  them  increased  facilities  for  tlie 
transmission  of  news.  Tlie  Pioneer  Press  is 
conceded  by  all  to  be  the  leading  and  most  pro- 
gressive journal  in  the  north-west. 

Mhmesota  Stats  Tidning  (The  State  Journal) 


is  a  Swedish  weekly  which  already  ranks  high 
among  the  leading  newspapers  of  the  north-west. 
Its  founder  and  cliief  editor,  is  Col.  H.  Mattson, 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  Minnesota.  The  first 
number  of  the  paper  was  dated  January  4tb, 
1877,  was  of  twenty-eight  pages,  and  came 
out  in  an  edition  of  1,0(10  copies.  From  that 
time  it  has  steadily  increased  in  prosperity  and 
influence,  and  now  contains  thirty-six  large  col- 
umns, and  nuinliers  4,o(iii  regular  subscribers.  It 
is  republican  in  politics,  American  in  spirit,  and 
a  champion  of  tlie  interests  and  honor  of  the 
Scandinavian  people  of  the  state,  which  com- 
prises one-sixth  of  the  entire  population.  This 
paper  has  its  editorial  rooms,  office  and  compo- 
sing rooms  on  the  third  floor  of  the  City  Hall 
building,  and  is  under  the  management  of  H. 
jNIattson,  chief  editor  and  publisher.  Axel 
Dahlstrand,  assistant  editor,  Alfr.  Soderstrom, 
business  manager. 

jSTordisk  Folkeblad,  weekly,  was  the  first  Scan- 
dinavian paper  published  in  the  city.  It  was  es- 
tablislied  at  Rochester,  in  1868,  by  F.  S.  Christ- 
ensen,  now  commissioner  of  statistics,  and  was 
removed  to  Minneapolis  in  1878.  It  was  con- 
ducted by  several  different  managers  until  1875, 
when  it  was  consolidated  with  the  "  Skandina- 
ven"  in  Chicago.  In  addition  to  this  paper,  there 
has  been  the  Farmer  Tidends,  Minnesota  Xord- 
vestern,  Svenska  Monitorin  and  Svenska  Nybyz- 
zaren.  Tlie  tliree  first  were  published  in  the 
Norwegian  language,  and  the  three  latter  in  the 
Swedish.    All  of  tliem  were  of  sliort  duration. 

Folkeliladet,  weekly.  Tlie  first  number  of  the 
Folkebladet  was  issued  July,  1877,  by  Prof.  S. 
Oftedal,  president  of  Augsbm-g  Seminary.  The 
paper  is  devoted  to  the  educational  interests  of 
the  Norwegian  people. 

The  Housekeeper,  monthly.  In  the  interests 
of  the  Buckeye  cook  book,  the  Housekeeper  was 
first  published  in  August  of  1878.  The  little  pa- 
per has  reached  an  immense  sale.  April  6tli, 
1880,  while  pubUslied  by  Wilcox,  Dimond  and  Co., 
the  paper  was  burned  out  and  is  now  published 
by  Hoppin,  Palmer  and  Dimond.  The  circula- 
tion now  aggregates  20,000. 

Minnesota  Farmer,  monthly.  September  18th, 
1877,  II.  E.  Newton  issued  the  first  number  of 
the  Minnesota  Farmer,  a  slieet  which  is  still  alive, 
albeit  struggling  hard  for  an  existence. 


484 


HISTORY  OF  HEXNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Minnesota  Scandinava,  weekly.  The  Scandin- 
ava  was  first  issued  iXovember  lotli,  1878,  by  Gen. 
Hanson  as  a  Xoiwpsian  weekly.  The  publica- 
tion lasted  only  about  a  year  when  it  suspended 
on  account  of  the  failing  health  of  the  editor. 

Bell's  Daily  Times.  Justus  B.  Bell  issued  the 
Daily  Times  as  a  small  advertising  sheet  for  gra- 
tiutous  circulation  from  December  10th.  1 878.  to 
April  6th,  1880,  wlien  it  fell  a  victim  to  the  flames 
in  the  Brackett's  block  fire. 

Xorthwestern  ^liller.  weekly,  ilarch  19th, 
1879,  Albert  Hoppin.  editor  and  proprietor,  moved 
the  Xorthwestern  Jliller  from  La  Crosse  to  Jlin- 
neapoUs.  The  paper  is  a  neat  twenty  page  pam- 
phlet devoted  to  the  milling  interests  of  the 
north-west  and  has  proven  a  decided  success. 
During  March  of  1881.  the  issue  reached  18,000 
copies. 

Evening  Journal,  daily.  Tlie  first  issue  of  the 
Evening  Jomnal  was  made  November  2d,  1878, 
by  Charles  H.  Stevens  and  Frank  E.  Curtis.  The 
paper  was  started  as  a  three  cent  evening  daily. 
April  6th,  1880,  the  paper  was  burned  out  Lu  the 
Brackett's  block  disaster.  A  few  days  later  the 
Minnesota  Printing  Company,  composed  of  -J.  M. 
and  Geo.K.  Shaw  and  W.  A.  and  C.  A.Ximocks, 
bought  the  good  wUl  and  circulation  of  the  paper, 
and  shortly  after,  purchased  the  associated 
press  telegraphic  franchise  for  the  evening  field. 
The  paper  was  enlarged  and  improved  in  every 
department.  The  Evening  .Journal  at  once  as- 
sumed the  position  of  the  leading  evening  news- 
paper of  the  north-west.  April  1st,  1881,  they 
moved  into  their  new  building,  Xo.  10  "V^'ashing- 
ton  Avenue  north,  fully  equipped  with  a  double 
cylinder,  rapid  running  B.  Hoe  press,  engine, 
and  all  the  facilities  necessary  to  a  first-class 
modem  journal.  The  editorial  staff  is  made  up 
George  K.  Shaw,  editor.  Frank  E.  Ilesler,  city- 
editor,  A.  J.  Gage.  Jr..  telegrapli  editor,  and  Geo. 
X.  Loomis  state  editor,  besides  a  full  corps  of  re- 
porters and  correspondents. 

The  Spectator,  weekly.  C.  H.  Dubois  issued 
the  first  number  of  the  Spectator,  a  weekly  fam- 
ily paper  of  eight  pages,  on  July  26th,  1879.  The 
Farm  and  Home  was  issued  for  a  time  as  an  ag- 
ricultural edition  of  the  Spectator,  but  its  course 
was  short  lived.  The  Spectator  is  issued  ever}- 
Saturday,  and  is  one  of  the  neatest  papers,  typo- 
graphically, in  the  country. 


State  Index,  weekly.  Dr.  DTnger  started  the 
Trade  Index  about  the  year  1875,  but  shortly  af- 
ter changed  the  name  to  the  State  Index.  The 
publication  proved  disastrous  to  its  owner,  who 
gave  it  up  in  sore  extremity  about  three  years 
later,  subsequently  removing  to  Chicago,  where 
he  has  recuperated  his  faiUng  fortimes  through 
his  treatment  of  inebriates  with  the  ■•  cinchona 
cure." 

The  Ariel,  monthly.  The  Ariel  is  the  college 
pai>er  edited  l>y  the  students  at  the  State  Univer- 
sity. The  editoi-s  are  elected  each  year.  The 
publication  reached  its  fourth  volume  in  June, 
1881. 

True  Flag,  weekly.  J.  S.  Rankin,  a  gentleman 
of  much  learning,  but  little  means,  published  for 
a  time  several  partizan  papers,  among  them  the 
True  Flag.    They  were  all  short  lived. 

The  Penny  Herald,  daily.  The  Penny  Herald 
was  first  issued  by  J.  H.  Kowell  about  ilay  loth, 
1880,  as  a  moi-ning  one  cent  daily.  After  i-unning 
for  about  six  mouths,  it  was  changed  to  the  even- 
ing field  under  the  name  of  the  Daily  Herald.  In 
Jamian,-,  1880,  "WiUard  and  Casseday  purchased  a 
three-fourths  interest  in  the  paper.  The  Herald 
depends  upon  correspondents  and  exchanges  for 
its  telegraphic  news. 

Comic  Pictorial,  monthly.  Geo.  B.  Hall  issued 
the  first  number  of  his  Comic  Pictorial,  an  eight 
page  illustrated  paper,  March,  1881.  It  is  yet  too 
young  for  extended  comment,  but  its  future  may 
be  easily  anticipated. 

Boys  and  Girls  of  Minnesota,  weekly.  AVill. 
Beach  edited  and  published  the  Boys  and  Girls 
of  Minnesota  for  about  six  months.  The  publi- 
cation was  a  neatly  illustrated  pamphlet,  quite 
popular  among  children.  In  January,  1881,  the 
paper  was  burned  out  and  suspended. 

The  :Mirror.  weekly.  In  1873.  Ed.  A.  Stevens 
started  the  illustrated  Sunday  Mirror,  devoted  to 
the  broadest  personalities  with  the  motto  '■  We 
will  tell  the  truth,  no  matter  who  is  hit.."  The 
publication  was  sulisequently  changed  to  the 
Gopher  Mirror,  then  to  the  Daily  ilirror.  issued 
every  evening,  and  finally  to  the  Hennepin  County 
Mu-ror.  Late  in  1880,  Ed.  A.  Stevens  sold  the 
entire  interest  in  his  paper  to  his  brother.  Chas. 
H.  Stevens. 

Miimeapolis  Weekly.  The  Minneapolis  Week- 
ly is  publishe<l    every  Thursday  by  the  Eagle 


COURTS  AND  BAR. 


485 


Publishing  Company  apparently,  lint  de  facto  by 
E.  H.  Steele,  as  an  advertising  medium.  The 
first  number  was  issued  in  November,  18S0. 

Sunday  Xews,  weekly.  In  tlie  month  of 
March,  1880,  three  young  men,  Messrs.  Shultz, 
Struby  and  Leader,  who  had  formerly  been  con- 
nected with  the  press  in  Bradford,  Pa.,  came  to 
Minneapolis  equipped  with  new  type,  a  large  cyl- 
inder press  and  a  complete  newspaper  outfit,  but 
unfortimately  without  that  other  component  ne- 
cessity—ready cash.  They  published  just  two 
editions  of  the  Sunday  Morning  Xews,  when  they 
suspended,  sold  out  and  left  for  parts  miknowii. 

Homestead  Monthly.  January  1st,  1880,  the 
Homestead  Company  issued  the  first  number  of 
the  Minnesota  Ilomesteail,  a  monthly,  twenty- 
page  magazine.  In  November,  1880,  Geo.  W. 
Jenks  became  sole  proprietor.  In  December  of 
the  same  year  the  magazine  was  enlarged  to 
thirty-six  pages,  and  the  name  changed  to  the 
Homestead  Monthly. 

Temperance  Beview,  weekly.  In  February, 
1881,  L.  Bixby  moved  the  Owatonna  Review 
from  Owatonna  to  Minneapolis,  and  associating 
with  Rev.  W.  \V.  Satterlee  as  editor,  on  the  25th 
of  the  same  month,  the  Temperance  Review  was 
issued.  The  paper  retauis  its  Owatonna  patron- 
age, is  radically  temperance  in  its  proclivities, 
and  hasaheady  obtained  a  firm  footing. 

COUKTS  AND  liAK. 

The  early  history  of  the  courts  and  bar  of  Hen- 
nepin county , furnishes  perhaps,  less  salient  points 
of  interest  than  that  of  most  frontier  counties  in 
western  territories.  The  first  settlers  were  most- 
ly from  the  New  England  and  Middle  States, 
were  generally  intelligent,  moral,  and  accustomed 
to  the  observance  of  law  and  order,  and  among 
whom  crimes  of  a  serious  nature  were  of  rare 
occurrence.  They  lirought  their  laws  and  cus- 
toms with  them,  so  that  the  removal  to  what  was 
then  (1849)  the  extreme  western  frontier,  scarcely 
produced  any  change  in  their  social  and  political 
condition.  That  part  of  what  is  now  Hennepin 
county,  lying  east  of  tiie  Mississippi  river,  was, 
when  the  territory  of  Minnesota  was  organized 
in  1849,  a  part  of  St.  Croix  county,  Wisconsin,  as 
was  also  the  country  lying  between  it  and  the 
state  of  AVisconsin.  It  was  amenable  to  the 
laws  of  that  state,  but,  at  that  time  there  were 


but  a  handful  of  people,  and  courts  were  scarce- 
ly a  necessity.  But  no  sooner  was  the  territory 
organized,  and  territorial  officers  appointed,  than 
population  began  to  pour  in.  By  the  organic  act, 
the  courts  of  the  territory  consisted  of  supreme 
court,  district  courts,  probate  com-ts,  and  courts 
of  justice  of  the  peace.  The  first  justices  of  the 
peace,  in  what  is  now  Hennepin  county,  were 
Dr.  Ira  Kingsley,  and  others,whose  names  we  can- 
not ascertain.  They  held  office  for  tno  years. 
At  the  October  election  in  1851,  1. 1.  Lewis,  and 
William  B.  Welch,  were  elected  to  serve  for  two 
years.  ■  The  last  named,  was  appointed  chief  jus- 
tice of  the  supreme  court  of  the  territory  in 
1853,  and  took  his  seat  on  the  bench  in  Jan- 
uary, 1854.  Mr.  Lewis  resigned  in  August,  1852, 
from  a  cause  which  may  be  considered  worth 
mention.  One  Alex.  Cloutier,  one  of  the  first 
settlers  in  St.  Anthony,  and  proprietor  of  a  liquor 
saloon,  had  been  prosecuted  before  Mr.'  Lewis,  for 
a  violation  of  the  prohibitory  law,  which  had  re- 
cently been  enacted.  The  excitement  on  the 
question  ran  high — grave  doubts  were  entertain- 
ed by  many,  as  to  the  constitutionality  of  the 
law,  and  the  people  were  about  equally  divided 
on  the  question.  ]SIr.  Lewis,  having  no  desire  to 
involve  himself  in  quarrels  with  his  neighbors,  re- 
signed his  office  before  the  case  was  decided.  On 
the  6th  of  August,  1852,  a  special  election  was 
called  to  fill  the  vacancy,  and  at  the  solicitation  of 
a  large  number  of  the  prominent  citizens  of  St. 
Anthony,  ii-respective  of  party,  Lardner  Bost- 
wick  Esq.,  consented  to  be  a  candidate  for  the 
office,  and  was  elected.  The  case  of  Cloutier,  was 
again  lirought,  before  him,  and  he  held  the  law 
constitutional,  and  fined  the  defendant  twenty- 
five  dollars.  The  case  was  appealed  to  the  dis- 
trict court,  and  Judge  Hayner,  who  was  then  on 
the  bench,  reversed  the  decision,  and  held  the 
law  unconstitutional,  on  the  ground  that  the  legis- 
lative power  was  vested  by  the  organic  act,  in  the 
governor  and  legislature,  and  that  they  had  no 
power  to  delegate  tlieir  authority  to  the  people, 
and  that  the  act,  having  attempted  to  transfer 
this  power,  was  null  and  void.  At  the  October 
election  in  1856,  Mr.  Bostwick  was  re-elected 
with  A.  D.  Foster,  to  sei-ve  two  years  from  Jan- 
uary 1st,  1854.  In  1857,  Charles  E.  Leonard  and 
Mr.  Bostwick  were  elected,  the  latter  of  whom 
held  the  office  till  January,  1860,  when  he  entered 


4S6 


BISIORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


uponjthe  discbaige  of  the  duties  of  judge  of  pro- 
bate, to  which  he  was  elected  iu  1859.  This  of- 
fice he  held  two  yeai-s,  and  was  subsequently 
elected  court  commissioner. 

March  6th,  1852,  an  act  was  passed  by  the  legis- 
lature organizing  Hennepin  county  and  attach- 
ing the  same  temporarily  to  Ramsey  comity  for 
judicial  purposes.  At  the  first  election  subse- 
quent to  the  organization,  Edwin  Hedderly  and 
Dr.  H.  Fletcher  were  elected  justices  on  the  west 
side  of  the  river.  The  former  was  re-elected  for 
four,  or  perhaps  five  years  successively,  and  the 
latter  was  succeeded  in  1853  by  Mr.  Barber,  who 
held  office  till  1857.  The  foregoing  list  it  is  be- 
lieved comprises  all  the  justices  of  the  peace  in 
St.  Anthony  and  Minneapolis  to  the  time  when 
the  state  was  admitted,  and  is  as  late  a  date  as  it 
is  deemed  necessary  to  continue  the  histor>'  of 
these  courts. 

In  this  connection  it  may  be  remarked  that  in 
those  early  days,  very  important  questions  and 
points  were  decided  in  those  justices"  courts.  Many 
suits  of  forcible  entry  and  detainer  were  brought, 
involving  very  valuable  property,  and  although 
nommally.  only  the  right  of  possession  was  in  is- 
sue, yet  practically,  possession  in  those  days  was 
emphatically  "nine  points  of  the  law."  and  not 
unfrequently  canied  the  legal  title  with  it. 
Among  the  tracts  thus  adjudicated  upon,  were 
Hennepin  Island,  the  property  on  which  the  floiu"- 
iiig  mills  on  the  west  side  of  the  river  are  now 
situated,  and  in  fact,  several  claims,  which  now 
constitute  the  most  valuable  part  of  the  city  of 
Minneapolis.  None  of  these  justices  were  edu- 
cated lawyei-s.  (with  the  exception  of  .Judge  Bost- 
wicki,  but  were  men  of  unquestionable  probity, 
strong  common  sense,  and  both  law  and  equity 
were  meted  out  in  these  early  courts  as  uniformly 
and  successfully  as  in  any  courts  tliat  have  suc- 
ceeded them. 

Sometimes,  indeed,  peculiar  phases  of  frontier 
life  would  develop.  In  a  certain  claim  suit  be- 
tween Joel  B.  Bassett  and  Daniel  Bickford,  after 
a  tedious  trial  of  two  or  three  days,  the  case  was 
submitted  to  the  jury,  who  retired  to  consider 
then-  verdict  After  wrangling  over  it  an  entire 
day  and  more,  one  of  the  jurors,  George  TV.  Tew, 
became  disgusted,  jumped  out  of  a  second  story 
window  and  ran  away,  and  thus  ended  the  trial. 


Some  days  after  he  reappeared,  but  nothing  fur- 
ther was  done  in  the  matter. 

Another  characteristic  incident  occurred  in  a 
trial  before  "Squire  Bostwick.  One  Pet  Strother, 
one  of  the  "  boys  "  of  that  early  time,  was  arrest- 
ed and  brought  before  the  court  on  a  charge  of 
assault  and  battery.  The  complaint  was  read  to 
him,  and  he  was  told  to  plead,  guilty  or  not 
guilty.  "  Well,  your  honor.  I  don"t  know  wheth- 
er I  am  guilty  or  not.     I  did  knock  the  man  down, 

but  he  called  me  first  a  son  of  a  b h.  and  that 

is  not  true." 

"But  you  must  plead,  one  way  or  the  other."" 

"But.""  responded  the  prisoner.  "  I  don"tknow. 
I"m  sorter  guilt)',  and  sorter  not  guilty." 

The  writer  (who  was  his  counsel)  finally  induced 
him.  for  form's  sake,  to  plead  not  guilty.  A  jury 
was  called,  and  several  witnesses  swore  point 
blank  to  seeing  the  defendant  knock  down  the 
complainant,  but  admitted  the  complainant  had 
flret  used  the  opprobrious  epithet  al)t)ve  mentioned. 
Xo  witnesses  were  called  for  defendant ;  but  the 
counsel  for  defendant,  in  his  argument  to  the 
jiu-y,  insisted  that  none  of  the  witnesses,  in 
speaking  of  the  defendant,  had  mentioned  his 
first  name,  but  had  called  him  "  Strother.""  and 
that  for  all  that  appeared,  the  real  criminal  might 
be  some  other  pereon  than  the  defendant.  The 
jury  saw  it  "iu  those  lamps,""  and  in  five  minutes 
returned  a  verdict  of  not  guilty,  and  immediately 
made  up  a  puree  among  themselves  to  pay  de- 
fendant's expenses. 

Another  incident  of  the  fun  the  boys  used  to 
have  in  those  early  days  in  court,  may  be  men- 
tioned. A  certain  Dr.  Jodon.  somewhat  notori- 
ous in  those  days,  had  married  a  lady — which 
marriage,  on  account  of  the  great  disparity  of 
age  and  position  of  the  parties,  was  ofi'ensive  to 
a  large  majority  of  the  citizens.  The  usual  re- 
sult in  frontier  communities  followed — that  quite 
a  large  crowd  of  the  "  fast  boys,"  on  the  wedding 
night,  hidulged  in  a  "  charivari ""  of  the  couple, 
which  was  carried  beyond  the  limits  of  a  le- 
gitimate charivari  (if  there  can  be  any  such  lim- 
its) and  distiu'bed  some  of  the  peaceable  citizens 
in  the  neighborhood,  among  othere  J.  W.  Xorth, 
Esq..  who  was  indignant  at  the  outrage. 

Al.  Stone,  one  of  the  most  inveterate  jokere  on 
the  east  side  of  the  river  (and  who  is  still  living, 
and  long  may  he  wave  1)  thought  he  saw  the  op- 


COVETS  AND  BAB. 


487 


portunity  to  perpetrate  a  good  practical  joke.  He 
accordingly  went  quietly  to  Mr.  North,  and  told 
liim  that  he  had  ascertained  tlie  names  of  from 
twelve  to  fifteen  persons  who  were  engaged  in 
that  charivari,  and  would  name  the  parties,  includ- 
ing a  large  number  of  the  oldest  and  most  sober 
and  respectalile  citizens  of  the  town,  among 
whom  were  Capt.  John  Rollins,  Dr.  Murphy,  Ru- 
fus  Farnham,  A.  D.  Foster,  and  others  of  like 
standing,  and  that  if  he  would  make  a  complaint 
and  have  them  arrested  he  would  furnish  the  evi- 
dence to  have  them  convicted.  Accordingly  the 
complaint  was  made,  and  the  parties  arrested  and 
brought  liefore  the  coiirt,  and  everybody  was  as- 
tounded to  learn  that  these  staid  citizens  were 
engaged  in  such  a  "  lark."  One  or  two  witnesses 
were  called  preliminarily,  who  testified  they  knew 
nothing  about  the  matter,  and  then  "AL,"  the 
main  witness,  was  called,  and  asked  to  state  what 
he  knew  about  it. 

"  I  know  notliing,  sir." 
"  But  where  were  you  that  night  ?" 
"  I  was  in  my  virtuous  bed,  asleep." 
"But  do  you  say  you  don't  know  who  was  en- 
gaged in  that  affair?" 
"  Well,  I  have  heard  these  defendants  were." 
"  Do  you  mean  to  say  that  all  you  know  about 
their  being  engaged    in    it    is  what  you    have 
heard  V" 

"Yes,  sir,  I  supposed  that  would  be  enough." 
It  was  enough.  The  prosecutor  had  no  further 
evidence,  and  it  then  dawned  on  his  mind  that  he 
had  been  made  the  victim  of  one  of  "Al.'s" 
practical  jokes.  The  case,  of  course,  was  dis- 
missed, amid  uproarious  mirth,  although  the 
perpetrator  came  to  the  conclusion  that  it  was  a 
kind  of  joke  that  would  not  bear  repetition.  A 
part  of  the  joke  lay  also  m  the  fact  that  the  just- 
ice himself,  on  the  night  in  question,  was  con- 
cealed near  tlie  scene  of  operations,  and  knew  the 
parties  engaged  in  it,  and  that  they  were  not  the 
parties  named  in  the  complaint,  and  tried  to  in- 
duce the  prosecutor  to  leave  them  out,  but  did 
not  succeed,  and  of  course  could  not  reveal  the 
source  of  his  knowledge  of  the  matter. 

In  this  connection  we  insert  an  item  puljlished 

in  the  Pioneer  Press  in  the  fall  of  1880,  referring 

to  the  destruction  of  the  building  in  which  Judge 

Bostwick's  court  was  held  for  many  years. 

"An  old  landmark  destroyed.     The  little  old 


building,  corner  of  Main  street  and  Second  Ave- 
nue north,  East  Division,  owned,  and  for  so  many 
years  occupied  as  an  office  by  Judge  Bostwick, 
was  yesterday  demolished,  its  days  of  usefuhiess 
having  passed.  This  was  one  of  the  old  land- 
marks of  the  city,  and  has  a  history  worth  rela- 
ting. It  was  built  in  1849  by  R.  P.  Russell,  and 
first  used  as  a  warehouse  for  his  dry-goods  store 
adjoining.  In  18.50  George  F.  Brott  converted  it 
into  a  wagon-shop,  and  in  18.51  Cal.  Church  re- 
converted it  into  a  meat  market.  During  the 
same  year,  the  building  came  into  the  possession 
of,  and  and  has  since  been  retained  by  Judge 
Bostwick,  who  occupied  it  in  his  official  capacity 
as  justice  of  the  peace  until  1860,  from  1860  to 
to  1862,  as  a  probate  and  court  commissioner's 
office,  and  from  1862  to  1866,  as  assessor  of  in- 
ternal revenue.  During  his  reign  as  justice  of 
the  peace.  Judge  Bostwick  rendered  decisions 
therein  to  the  amount  of  over  8100,000  in  civil 
cases  and  disposed  of  a  corresponding  amount  of 
criminal  business.  Among  the  distinguished  legal 
lights  who,  in  those  old  days,  read  their  briefs, 
(and  some  of  them  were  not  very  brief,  either,) 
under  that  little  roof,  were  J.  W.  North,  Isaac 
Atwater,  D.  A.  Secombe,  F.  R.  E.  Cornell,  C.  E. 
Vanderburgh,  James  W.  Lawrence,  Sr.,  William 
Lochren,  W.  W.  McNair,  W.  I).  Washburn,  Judge 
Parsons,  W.  A.  Gorman,  Edmund  Rice,  Aaron 
Goodrich,  Wm.  Hollingshead,  Michael  E.  Ames 
and  others  too  numerous  to  mention. 

"Engineer  Griffith  made  many  of  the  drawings 
for  the  old  suspension  bridge  in  this  building,  and 
the  old  time  Upper  ^Mississippi  Navigation  Com- 
pany were  accustomed  to  hold  their  meetings 
there.  It  was  occupied  as  the  St.  Anthony  city 
council  room  for  two  years,  was  the  regular  poll- 
ing place  on  election  days,  and  republican  head- 
(luarters  when  Fremont  was  the  party  standard- 
bearer.  Many  were  the  lively  and  interestuig 
scenes  which  transpired  within  its  walls  and 
about  its  doorway,  where  political  knock-downs 
were  not  of  uncommon  occurrence;  and  there  has 
been  more  perjury  committed  in  that  old  building 
than  any  other  in  the  city,  except,  perhaps,  the 
old  land  office  during  the  early  settlement  of  Min- 
neapolis. One  by  one  the  roses  and  old  land- 
marks fall.'' 

The  first  district  court  held  in  what  is  now  a 
part  of  Hennepin  county,  was  presided  over  by 


488 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


the  Hon.  B.  B.  Meeker,  appointed  one  of  the  as- 
sociate justices  of  the  supreme  court,  under  the 
administration  of  President  Taylor.  The  court 
was  lield  in  July.  1849.  in  the  old  government 
mill  building,  erected  for  the  use  of  Fort  Snel- 
ling,  and  which  stood  near  the  present  site  of  the 
Northwestern  mill.  Since  tlie  time  of  the  erection 
of  that  government  mill,  i about  1822  .the  falls 
have  receded  between  three  and  four  himdred  feet. 
Franklin  Steele.  Esq.,  was  foreman  of  the  grand 
jury.  The  records  of  that  court  have  unfortun- 
ately been  lost,  but  it  can  be  stated  that  no  bills 
of  indictment  were  found  nor  any  cases  tried,  and 
but  tAvo  or  three  attorneys  were  present.  Re- 
freshments suitable  to  the  occasion,  were  provided 
by  the  sheriff,  which  were  partaken  of  by  the 
bench,  bar  and  jury,  and  it  was  voted  a  pleasant 
inauguration  of  judicial  proceedings  in  the  comi- 
ty. The  mOitaiy  reservation  where  this  first 
court  was  held  was  then  in  Dakota  coimty. 

It  has  ah'eady  been  stated  that  the  coimty  was 
organized  m  1852.  but  county  officers  were  not 
elected  tiU  November  of  that  year.  The  second 
district  com-t  was  held  in  1853,  m  a  frame  build- 
ing erected  by  Anson  Xorthrup,  and  which  stood 
on  or  very  near  the  site  now  occupied  by  the 
Crown  Roller  mill.  This  court  was  presided  over 
by  Hon.  A.  G.  Chatfield.  who  was  appointed  one 
of  the  associate  justices  under  the  admiuistiation 
of  President  Pierce.  This  was  the  first  fully 
equipped  district  court  held  in  the  county,  the 
firet  coimty  officers  having  been  elected,  and  regu- 
lar business  was  commenced,  with  a  calendar  of 
some  half  a  dozen  cases,  appeals  from  justices 
courts.  From  this  smaU  begmning  has  gi'own  up 
the  immense  business  now  transacted  by  two 
judges  of  the  district  court,  and  which  occu- 
pies almost  their  entire  time. 

Judge  Chatfield  continued  to  hold  the  district 
court  in  Heiniepin  county  in  a  frame  building  on 
Bridge  square,  until  the  erection  of  the  present 
court  house.  In  1857  he  was  succeeded  by  Judge 
Flandi-au,  appointed  under  the  administration 
of  President  Buchanan.  He  lield  one  term  of  the 
court,  and  m  1857  was  elected  associate  justice  of 
the  supreme  coiul;  of  the  state  of  JJinnesota. 

In  18.57,  Hon.  Edward  O.  Hamlin,  was  elected 
judge  of  the  fourth  judicial  district,  of  which 
Hennepin  coimty  was  a  part.  He  was  succeeded 
in  1859.  by  the  Hon.  Chas.  E.  Vanderburgh,  who 


has  been  re-elected,  at  each  succeeding  expiration 
of  liis  term,  and  who  now  holds  the  office.  In 
1872.  an  act  was  passed,  establishing  a  court  of 
common  pleas  in  Hennepin  county,  and  under  tlie 
provisions  of  the  act,  the  governor  appointed 
the  Hon.  A.  H.  Young,  [as  judge,  who  entered 
upon  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  the  office  in 
April  of  tliat  year ;  the  following  November 
he  was  elected  as  judge  of  that  court,  to  serve  for 
five  years  from  the  first  of  January,  1873.  Sub- 
sequently in  1877.  this  court  was  abolished,  and 
two  judges  were  provided  for  in  the  distiict  court, 
and  Judge  Young  was  elected  the  same  year  as 
one  of  said  judges.  As  the  incumbents  of  these 
offices  are  still  m  the  active  discharge  of  then' 
duties  and  well  known  to  our  citizens,  any 
extended  notice  of  them  or  the  court  over  which 
they  preside,  will  not  be  expected.  It  is  not, 
however,  improper  to  state  in  this  connection, 
that  ill  point  of  ability,  probity,  and  extensive 
legal  learning,  the  present  bench  ranks  among  the 
first  in  the  state. 

The  business  in  the  probate  court  was,  for 
many  years  after  the  county  was  organized,  very 
small.  Now.  however,  it  is  assuming  large  pro- 
portions, and  is  rapidly  increasing.  There  have 
served  as  judges  of  probate,  in  the  order  named, 
in  this  county:  J.  B.  Bassett.  Hezekiah  Fletcher, 
E.  S.  Jones.  L.  Bostwick,  N.  H.  Ilemiup,  F. 
Beebe,  E.  A.  Gove.  P.  il.  Babcock  and  John  P. 
Rea.  the  present  incumbent.  After  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  city  of  Minneapolis,  Chas.  H.  Woods, 
H.  G.  Hicks  and  J.  L.  Himes.  were  elected  and 
sen'ed  as  city  justices.  After  the  consolidation 
of  St.  Anthony  with  Minneapolis,  Grove  B. 
Cooley  was  elected  judge  of  the  municipal  court, 
was  re-elected  in  18S0,  and  is  present  city  judge. 
In  1880,  F.  Bailey  was  elected  assistant  judge. 

Clerks  and  sheriffs  are  an  important  part  of  the 
machinery  of  courts,  and  on  their  efficiency  de- 
pends much,  the  successful  and  prompt  transac- 
tion of  business.  Hennepin  county  has  been  ex- 
ceptionally fortunate  in  having  careful  and  ener- 
getic men  to  fill  these  positions.  With  the  ex- 
ception of  the  firet  two  or  three  years  after  the 
county  was  orgaviized.  when  the  court  had  no 
settled  abiding  places,  and  no  suitable  place  for 
preserving  papers  had  been  provided,  the  files 
will  be  found  nearly  entire.  A  few,  during  those 
earlv  veai-s.  have  been  lost.     Sweet  "W.  Case, 


COURTS  AND  BAR. 


489 


was  the  first  clerk  of  the  district  court,  elected  in 
18.52,  and  held  the  office  till  18.58.  He  was 
succeeded  by  the  following  persons  in  the  order 
named,  viz:  H.  A.  Partridge,  11.  O.  Hamlin,  J. 
P.  Pliimmer,  George  W.  Chowen,  D.  W.  Albaugh, 
L.  .Jerome,  J.  A.  Wolverton,  and  E.  J.  Daven- 
port, the  present  incumbent.  Isaac  Brown  was 
the  first  sheriff  of  the  county  and  was  succeeded  in 
the  order  named,  by  B.  E.  Messer,  E.  Lippincott, 
Richard  Strout,  John  A.  Armstrong,  II.  G. 
Hicks,  George  W.  Johnson.  N.  R.  Thompson 
and  Mace  Eustis,  the  present  incumbent. 

John  Vi\  North  Esq.,  came  to  St.  Anthony  in 
1849,  and  was  the  first  attorney  who  settled  in 
the  county,  and  one  of  the  most  prominent  for 
several  years.  He  was  in  1 8.51 ,  a  member  of  the 
legislature,  was  also  a  raemlier  of  the  republican 
branch  of  the  convention  to  form  a  state  constitu- 
tion in  18.57,  and  a  leader  in  the  anti-slavery 
movement.  He  was  an  able  lawyer,  and  was 
always  a  dangerous  opponent  before  a  jury. 
Had  he  chosen  to  devote  himself  exclusively  to 
the  profession  of  the  law,  there  is  no  doubt  but 
he  would  easily  have  taken  rank  with  the  ablest 
lawyers  in  the  state.  But  Mr.  North  was  by  na- 
ture and  education  a  reformer,  and  a  radical  one 
at  that.  He  had  a  courage  equal  to  his  convic- 
tions, and  never  hesitated  to  follow  them  to  their 
logical  sequence,  urespective  of  popular  senti- 
ment. He  always  stood  by  what  he  believed  to 
be  right,  without  regard  t(j  the  cost,  and  conse- 
quently retained  the  esteem  of  his  friends,  and 
the  respect  of  his  enemies. 

In  18.50.  three  more  attorneys,  E.  Whitall,  W. 
H.  Hubbard  and  I.  Atwater  settled  in  St.  An- 
thony. In  1851,  we  find  in  addition  D.  Secombe, 
E.  L.  Hall,  James  H.  Truder,  Warren  Bristoll, 
now  associate  justice  of  Arizona  territory.  L. 
Bostwick  arrived  in  the  territory  in  18.50,  and 
was  admitted  to  tlie  bar  of  Hennepin  county  in 
1856.  Then  at  various  dates  from  1851,  to  1856, 
we  find  in  the  list  of  attorneys,  the  names  of  W. 
Dodge,  1. 1.  Monell,  H.  B.  Hancock,  R.  Nicholas, 
H.  A.  Partridge,  Geo.  A.  Nourse,  W.  W.  Win- 
throp,  W.  H.  Robinson,  Geo.  E.  Da\-,  V,'.  \\'. 
Rowley,  Geo.  W.  Prescott,  W.  1).  Washburn,  II. 
L.  Munn,  C.  E.'  Vanderburgh,  F.  R.  E.  Cornell, 
r.  Beebe,  W.  L.  Par.sons,  D.  .Morgan,  A.  M. 
Blair,  Jaied  Demmon,  IXan.  M.  Dennnon,  H. 
Hill.  Wm.  Lochren,  H.  D.  Beman.  J.  B.Gilfillan, 


H.  W.  Cowles,  R.  L.  Jojce,  .James  W.  Lawrence, 
R.  J.  Baldwin,  J.  S.  Johnson,  Geo.  W.  Woods, 
Cushman,  David  Heaton,  S.  R.  M.  Math- 
ews, W.  W.  ISIcNair,  E.  M.  Wilson,  and  L.  M. 
Stewart.  Doubtless  there  were  some  others 
whose  names,  the  writer  cannot  now  recall.  Hon. 
J.  B.  Gilfillan,  settled  here  in  18-55,  but  was  not 
admitted  as  an  attorney  until  1860.  Tlie  limits 
of  this  article,  only  permit  a  refei'ence  to  such 
attorneys  as  were  here  previous  to  1857,  when 
the  state  constitution  was  adopted. 

In  looking  over  the  above  list,  one  is  surprised 
to  see  how  few  are  still  practitioners  at  the  bar. 
Many  have  died,  some  removed,  and  some  have 
retired  from  active  practice.  A  very  few  are 
still  in  jiractice,  and  recognized  as  the  "  nestor's" 
of  the  bar  of  Hennepin  county  in  1881. 

In  this  brief  review,  we  think  it  will  be  found 
that  the  courts  and  bar  of  Hennepin  county,  will 
compare  most  favorably,  not  only  with  the  coiu'ts 
and  bar  of  any  other  coiuity  in  the  territory  of 
Minnesota,  but  with  that  of  any  county  in  any 
western  state,  while  it  was  a  territory.  From 
the  ranks  of  the  members  of  the  bar  of  Ileinieiiin 
county  in  territorial  times,  have  been  drawn 
judges  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state,  one  jus- 
tice of  the  supreme  court  of  Arizona,  two  repre- 
sentatives in  congress,  a  large  number  of  state 
senators  and  representatives,  and  members  of  the 
constitutional  convention,  and  many  who  have 
filled  honoral)le  positions  as  city  ofticials  and  on 
the  boards  of  education.  If  any  one  objects  that 
none  have  obtained  a  national  reputation  as  law- 
yers, it  must  be  remembered  that  no  man  of  ability 
could  come  to  Minnesota  at  an  early  day  and  con- 
fine himself  exclusively  to  the  practice  of  law. 
For  in  territorial  days  the  pressure  was  so  great 
to  obtain  comitetent  men  to  fill  legislative  and 
other  political  offices,  and  for  which  lawyers  were 
considered  most  eligible  and  best  fitted,  that  it 
was  almost  impossible  for  a  lawyer,  without  giv- 
ing grave  offense  to  his  friends  and  clients,  to  re- 
fuse a  nomination.  In  addition  to  this  is  to  be 
considered  that  legal  services  were  then  of  small 
pecuniary  value,  and  the  same  talent  employed  in 
politics  or  in  real  estate  operations,  orilinarily  re- 
ceived a  much  larger  remuneration.  .Vnd  hence, 
while  we  may  reasonably  conclude  that  the  terri- 
torial bar  of  this  county  embraced  fully  as  much 
talent  and  legal  ability  as  the  average  of  frontier 


490 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


counties  in  the  west,  the  reason  it  has  not  pro- 
duced as  many  distinguished  lawyers  propor- 
tioned to  its  numliers  as  some  counties  in  eastern 
states,  is  easily  accounted  for.  And.  considering 
the  history  of  the  territory  and  state  in  its  politi- 
cal, educational,  religious  and  material  aspects, 
the  early  bar  of  Hennepin  county  has  no  occasion 
to  be  ashamed  of  its  record  in  regard  thereto, 
and  with  the  increase  of  population  and  lawyers, 
thus  enabling,  and  indeed  compelling  attorneys 
to  devote  themselves  more  exclusively  to  their 
profession,  we  may  expect  from  present  indica- 
tions, to  find  lawyers  within  the  next  quarter  of  a 
centiu'y  at  the  bar  of  Hennepin  county,  who  will 
have  attained  a  national  reputation. 


CHAPTER  LXXIV. 

CITY   WATER   WOilKS — FIKE  DEPARTMENT — PO- 
LICE FORCE — CITY  MARKET — POST  OFFICE. 

The  city  of  ^linneapolis  was  incorporated  m 
the  spring  of  1867,  and  the  next  fall  the  Holly 
system  of  water  works  was  introduced,  and  com- 
pleted in  the  spring  of  1868.  Two  Holly  pumps 
were  put  in,  and  about  a  mile  of  cement  pipe  was 
laid,  at  a  cost  of  about  S(i(i,0(iO.  The  cement 
pipe  was  a  failure,  and  in  ls7<i  was  replaced  by 
east-iron  pipe.  During  the  latter  _vear,  the  city 
purcliased  of  J.  B.  Bassett  the  stone  saw-mill  at 
the  head  of  the  canal,  and  paid  for  it  $18,000. 
James  Waters,  then  in  charge,  erected  new  pimip- 
ing  machinery  with  daily  pnmpuig  capacity  of 
two  million  gallons,  and  the  Holly  pumps  were 
moved  into  the  new  quarters.  Mr.  Stewart  was 
superintendent  of  the  water  works  under  the 
Holly  system  until  1870,  since  when  the  office  has 
been  tilled  as  follows:  1870-74,  James  Waters; 
1874-'77,  S.  Albert;  1877,  James  Chalmers;  1877- 
'79,  J.  W.  Pomeroy.  In  1879,  the  present  super- 
intendent. W.  II.  Johnson,  was  elected  with  J. 
W.  Pomeroy  as  assistant. 

In  1880,  the  old  rotary  pumps  were  removed  to 
make  room  for  a  new  pump  of  four  million  gal- 
lons capacity  daily,  making  the  present  total  ca- 


pacity nme  and  one-half  million  gallons  per  day. 
There  are  eighteen  and  two-thirds  miles  of  main 
pipe  laid. 

The  water  works  have  proved  an  ever  effi- 
cient protection  against  fire,  the  pressure  bemg 
such  that  a  powerful  stream  may  be  thrown  di- 
rectly from  the  hydrants,  thus  rendering  fire 
engines  almost  imnecessary,  excepting  in  cases 
where  the  fire  is  remote  from  hydrants.  The 
quality  of  tlie  water  furnished,  is  the  best  and 
is  taken  from  the  liottom  of  the  river,  at  the  head 
of  the  canal.  The  total  cost  of  the  water  works 
was,  exclusive  of  interest  on  bonds,  $396,598. 
The  receipts  from  rents  for  1880,  exceeded  the 
expenses  foi-  maintenance,  about  $6,000.  The 
motive  power  for  driving  the  immense  pumps,  is 
fui-nished  liy  two  turbine  wheels,  of  forty-eight 
inches  diameter,  which,  under  a  head  of  thirty 
feet,  give  one  hundred  and  eighty  horse-power 
each.  The  pumps  in  use  were  made  in  Minne- 
apolis, and  show  a  high  degi-ee  of  mechanical 
skOl.  The  water  works  of  Minneapolis  will, 
under  the  present  able  management,  compare 
favorably  with  those  of  any  city  of  her  size  in 
the  Union.  The  business  office  is  in  the  City 
Hall ;  the  present  officers  are :  W.  H.  Johnson, 
superintendent;  F.  T.  Moody,  clerk  and  Andrew 
Bergstrom.  engineer.  January  1st,  1881,  the 
office  of  assistant  superintendent  was  abolished. 

MINNEAPOLIS  FIRE  DEPARTMENT. 

Of  the  many  praiseworthy  institutions  with 
which  Minneapolis  is  favored,  there  is  nothing  for 
which  her  citizens  entertain  a  more  profoiuid  re- 
spect— a  respect  amounting  almost  to  veneration 
—than  her  splendidly  equipped  and  admirably 
managed  fire  department. 

But  a  few  years  have  passed  since  not  even  a 
"  bucket  brigade,""  stood  sentinel  l)etween  the 
unprotected  city  and  the  all  devouring  element, 
and  it  was  not  until  1857  that  an  organization  of 
of  any  kind  existed,  whose  object  was  protection 
against  accidental  tire,  or  the  torch  of  the  incen- 
diary. Even  then,  its  meagre  facilities  and  ill- 
stored  equipage  rendered  it  wholly  inadeipiate  to 
cope  successfully  with  the  pitiless  dragonade  of 
the  fire  fiend.  To-day  it  stands  without  a  rival  in 
the  great  north-west.  Thoroughly  equipped,  ably 
officered,  and  with  an  experienced  force,  it  has 
become  so  strongly  intrenched  in  theconfldenc3 


FIBE  DEPABTMENT. 


491 


of  the  citizens,  that  the  once  dreaded  fire-alarm 
now  awakens  little  more  than  an  evanescent  curi- 
osity, beyond  its  immediate  location.  Its  perfect 
order  and  discipline,  its  excellent  management, 
and  its  freedom  from  internal  strife  and  jealous- 
ies, render  it  at  once  the  pride  and  boast  of  the 
city,  and  an  enduring  monument  of  renown  to  its 
originators. 

The  first  organization  was  in  what  is  now 
known  as  the  East  Division,  formerly  St.  Antho- 
ny. In  July,  1857,  a  meeting  of  the  citizens  of 
St.  Anthony  was  held  in  Wensinger's  old  block, 
comer  of  Main  street  and  Fourth  Avenue  north, 
for  the  purpose  of  effecting  an  organization 
for  protection  against  fires.  Timothy  Bohan  pre- 
sided over  the  meeting,  which  resulted  in  the  or- 
ganization of  a  hook  and  ladder  company,  of 
which  Henry  Cairan  was  elected  foreman.  The 
truck  was  built  in  St.  Anthony,  and  the  company 
was  ready  for  duty  in  Octot)er.  In  November,  a 
fire  occurred,  which  is  generally  supposed  to  have 
been  started  by  some  mischievous  party  to  test 
the  utility  of  the  new  company.  The  fire  was  in 
an  old  house  on  the  east  side  of  Main  street,  used 
at  the  time  as  a  stable.  The  experiment  resulted 
in  the  destruction  of  the  building,  and  the  crema- 
tion of  an  unfortunate  cow,  the  only  occupant. 

In  1859  a  fire  company  was  organized,  with 
John  Dunham  as  foreman,  and  an  engine — the 
Minnesota — was  ordered  from  Button  and  Blake, 
of  New  York.  The  company  was  an  independent 
one,  and  furnished  its  own  building,  as  did  also 
the  hook  and  ladder  company. 

The  same  year,  the  cit>'  council  purchased  two 
engines,  made  at  St.  Anthony — the  Cataract  and 
Germania.  Of  the  companies  associated  with 
these,  James  S.  Lane  was  foreman  of  the  Cataract, 
and  Godfrey  Boehme  of  the  Germania.  Six 
months  after  the  arrival  of  the  Minnesota,  the 
city  accepted  the  seniees  of  the  company  as  a 
volunteer  association,  assumed  the  indebtedness 
Incurred  in  the  purchase  of  the  engine,  and  pro- 
vided necessary  buildings. 

The  first  chief  of  the  fire  department  was  Jas. 
S.  Lane.  No  changes  of  special  note  occurred 
until  the  consolidation  with  the  West  Side,  as 
hereafter  mentioned. 

The  first  organization  on  the  West  Side  was 
called  the  ■'Millers'  Fire  Association,"  in  1865, 
and  owed  its  origin  to   W.   ]SI.   Brackett,  then 


a  young  man  employed  as  book-keeper  of  East- 
man, Gibson  and  Company,  proprietors  of  the 
Cataract  and  Union  flouring  mills,  and  the  North 
Star  woolen  mills.  It  was  upon  his  repeated, 
and  earnest  solicitation  that  the  organization  was 
effected,  its  equipment  consisting  of  a  rotary 
pump  in  the  basement  of  the  Cataract  mill,  five 
hundred  feet  of  hose,  a  hose  jumper,  spanners, 
nozzles,  etc.  A  hose  company  was  organized 
among  the  mill  owners,  with  Geo.  A.  Brackett,  of 
the  firm  of  Gibson,  Eastman  and  Company,  as 
foreman.  Mr.  Brackett  was  the  first  chief  of  the 
Minneapolis  Fire  Department. 

In  the  fall  of  1867,  the  Holly  system  of  water- 
works was  introduced,  but  not  completed  until 
the  spring  of  1868.  The  formal  organization  of 
the  fire  department  was  in  January,  1868,  em- 
bracing the  following  companies :  Minneapolis 
Hose  Company  No.  1;  Mutual  Hose  Company  No. 
2;  and  Minneapolis  Hook  and  Ladder  Company 
No.  1.  Its  numerical  strength  was  al)Out  one 
hundred  and  fifty  volunteers,  with  the  following 
official  roster;  Geo.  A.  Brackett,  chief;  R.  B. 
Langdon,  first  assistant;  and  I'aris  Gibson,  sec- 
ond assistant.  The  hose,  jumper,  etc.  of  the 
Millers'  Fire  Association,  was  purchased  and 
placed  with  No.  1 .  Late  in  the  fore-noon  of  Feb- 
ruary 6th,  1868,  the  efficiency  of  the  new  fire  de- 
partment, and  the  water-works  was  submitted  to 
trial,  at  a  fire  in  a  dwelling  house,  corner  of 
High  and  Minnetonka  streets.  The  department 
acquitted  itself  creditably,  but  the  water-works 
proved  inadequate  to  the  occasion,  and  the  fire 
was  exthiguished  by  the  use  of  buckets,  axes,  etc. 
The  first  mains  were  of  sheet  iron  and  cement, 
and  a  break  prevented  the  necessary  pressure, 
while  the  water  at  best,  was  thick  with  dirt.  Of 
coiu'se  the  "  daw-pluckers"  and  wiseacres  reiter- 
ated their  previously  expressed  belief  in  the  fail- 
ure of  the  Holly  system.  The  defective  pipe  was 
replaced  by  iron  pipes,  the  following  fall,  and 
were  thereafter  effective.  February  8th,  the  city 
council  authorized  the  purchase  of  six  hundred 
feet  of  rubber  hose,  a  four-wheeled  hose  carriage,  a 
hook  and  ladder  truck,  four  play  pip?s  and 
twelve  axes.  Other  purchases  were  made  from 
time  to  time,  though  it  was  long  before  the  de- 
partment was  furnished  with  a  full  ecpiipment,  or 
provided  with  suitable  builduigs. 

On  the  10th  of  September,  1868.  the  ilinne- 


492 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


apolis  Fireman's  Relief  Association  was  organ- 
ized, tlie  object  of  which  needs  no  explanation. 
The  association  has  done  noble  work,  and  is  in  a 
tlourishing  condition,  -a  monument  to  the  sym- 
pathy and  fraternal  feeling,  so  characteristic  of 
true  firemen."  The  first  parade  occurred  on  the 
the  24th  of  September,  when  the  Minneapolis 
department  joined  the  St.  Anthon\-  department 
in  their  annual  parade.  A  notable  event  in  the 
history  of  the  :Minneapolis  Fire  Department  was 
the  Fireman's  State  Parade,  held  at  this  place  in 
1869,  at  which  time  the  "ilinneapolis  Boys"  won  a 
reputation  forliospitality.for  which  they  have  ever 
been  held  since  in  the  most  kindly  remembrance. 
With  the  consolidation  of.  the  cities  of  St.  An- 
thony and  Minneapolis,  in  1872,  the  new  charter 
provided  that  tlie  city  be  divided  into  two  fire  de- 
partments, each  side  retaining  the  equipage, 
buildings,  etc..  then  in  their  possession,  practi- 
cally leaving  them  as  separate  and  distinct  as 
though  separated  by  an  ocean  instead  of  the 
river.  In  September,  1874,  the  Gamewell  fire 
alarm  system  was  introduced  in  the  west  division, 
and  in  October,  the  capacity  of  the  water-works 
was  increased  to  three  and  one-half  million  gallons 
of  water  per  day. 

Horses  were  purchased  or  hired,  and  drivers 
permanently  employed  in  the  several  companies, 
in  187o:  also  an  engimer  and  fireman  of  the 
Steamers  and  a  tillerman  for  the  Hook  and  Lad- 
der truck.  The  following  year  the  Gamewell 
fire  alarm  system  was  extended  to  the  east  divis- 
ion, and  the  two  divisions  were  furnished  tele- 
graphic communication.  By  a  revision  of  the 
city  charter  in  April.  187S,  the  two  fire  depart- 
ments were  consolidated,  and  an  election  of  ofli- 
cers  held  with  the  following  result;  "Winn.  M. 
Brackett.  chief  engineer:  "\V.  C.  Stetson,  for- 
merly chief  of  the  east  division,  first  assistant; 
and  C.  Frederichs,  a  charter  member  of  Hook  and 
Ladder  company  Xo.  1 ,  and  once  its  foreman, 
second  assistant.  The  rapid  giowth  of  the  city, 
and  the  corresponding  increase  hi  the  duties  of 
the  fire  department,  soon  became  too  great  for  a 
volunteer  organization,  and  in  1879  they  asked 
to  be  relieved,  and  that  the  city  assume  the  sup- 
port and  maintenance  of  the  department,  which 
was  done.  The  city  cannot  forget  the  gratitude 
due  the  old  volunteer  department,  nor  will  its 
many  brave  and  noble  deeds  be  lost  to  memorv 


I  in  the  no  less  faithful  ser\-ice  of  the  present  de- 
partment. 
On  the  second  day  of  May,  1878.  the  Minne- 
I  apoUs  fire  department  was  subjected  to  one  of  the 
I  severest  tests  in  the  annals  of  modem  conflagra- 
'  tions — a  test  far  greater  than  that  under  whicli 
many  truly  great  departments  have  sunk  into  olj- 
scurity  and  disgrace ;  but  from  which  this  noble 
volunteer  department,  under  the  able  direction 
of  its  chief  and  assistants,  emerged  with  a  record 
of  whicli  monarchs  might  well  be  proud.     A  more 
concise  account  of  this  noted  disaster  will  be 
found  in  the  history  of  the  mUUng  interests  in 
this  volume. 

The  department  has  seven  stations,  located  as 
follows:  Station  A,  a  double  brick  house,  corner 
of  Second  street  and  Third  Avenue  north,  in 
which  is  the  office  of  the  chief ;  station  B,  corner 
of  Sixth  Avenue  south  and  Third  sti-eet ;  station 
C:  corner  of  Second  and  Bank  streets.  East  Di- 
vision ;  station  D,  corner  of  Main  street  and  Thir- 
teenth Avenue  north.  East  Division :  station  E, 
on  Third  street,  between  Xicollet  and  First 
Avenue  south  ;  station  F,  on  Plymouth  Avenue, 
between  First  and  Second  streets :  and  station  G, 
corner  of  \Vasliington  and  Fourteenth  Avenues 
south,  a  double  house — a  consolidation  of  stations 
G  and  H,  and  the  finest  building  in  the  depart- 
ment. The  several  stations  are  furnished  with 
all  the  necessary  appliances  for  comfort,  conven- 
ience and  prompt,  efficient  service,  a  full  descrip- 
tion of  whicli  is  only  omitted  on  account  of  space. 
The  report  of  Chief  Engineer  W.  M.  Brackett  for 
the  year  ending  April  1st,  1881,  contams  some  in- 
teresting items  illustrative  of  the  labors  and  ef- 
ficiency of  the  department.  The  report  shows 
171  fire  alarms  responded  to  from  January  1st, 
1880,  to  January  1st,  1881.  The  total  losses  are 
estimated  atS170.000:  total  insurance  paid.  SI  10.- 
000;  total  insurance  involved,  §683,000.  The 
apparatus  is  two  steam  fire  engines,  five  four- 
wheeled  hose  carriages  and  one  two-wheeled  hose 
cart,  two  hook  and  ladder  tracks  and  one  chemi- 
cal hook  and  ladder  truck.  The  force  consists  of 
twenty-two  regular  and  forty-seven  call  men.  In 
addition  to  the  home  work,  the  steamer  City  of 
Minneapolis  and  hose  company  Xo.  l.went  to 
Farmuigton  in  November,  1879,  under  charge  of 
the  chief  engineer,  in  answer  to  a  call  for  assist- 
ance, and  though  the  delayed  train  prevented 


POLICE  FORCE— CITY  MARKET. 


493 


their  reaching  the  place  until  the  fire  was  under 
control,  it  rendered  valuable  aid  in  playing  upon 
the  ruins.  The  same  steamer  and  hose  company 
also  rendered  material  service  in  St.  Paul  in 
March,  1880,  under  command  of  Foremen  Tire- 
worgy  and  Henry,  working  ten  hours.  The  offi- 
cers of  the  department  are,  W.  M.  Brackett,  chief 
engineer  ;  C.  Frederichs,  first  assistant ;  Frank  C. 
Stetson,  second  assistant.  Foremen:  John  Ilin- 
ton.  No.  1 ;  II.  Williams,  No.  2 ;  C.  Henry,  No. 
3 ;  N.  Steffes,  No.  4 ;  11.  York,  No.  5 ;  E.  Kings- 
ley,  Cataract  Engine  Company;  G.  Runge,  Hook 
and  Ladder  Company  No.  1  ;  N.  Theilen,  Hook 
and  Ladder  No.  2;  P.Kinney,  Hook  and  I^ad- 
der  No.  3. 

THE   POLICE   FORCE, 

Immediately  following  the  organization  of  the 
city  government  of  St.  Anthony,  in  185.5,  Benj. 
I.  Brown  was  elected  marshal,  and  his  official 
bond  accepted  at  a  meeting  of  the  council.  May 
19th,  1855.  Twelve  years  later,  the  city  govern- 
ment of  Minneapolis  was  organized,  and  H.  II. 
Brackett  unanimously  elected  chief  of  police,  at 
a  meeting  of  the  city  council,  March  9th,  1807. 
It  is  hardly  necessary  to  state  that  the  police 
force  in  those  days  was  light,  nor  were  their  sala- 
ries oppressively  great.  The  marshal  and  such 
assistants  as  emergencies  required,  constituted  the 
first  force  at  St.  Anthony,  the  chief  and  four  po- 
licemen that  of  Minneapolis. 

The  organization  at  present  consists  of  A.  S. 
Hunger,  chief;  A.  C.  Berry,  captain;  John  West, 
sergeant;  Michael  Hoy,  detective,  and  twenty- 
four  patrolmen.  The  uniform  is  tlie  regular  metro- 
politan, distinguished  by  hat  or  cap,  belt  and  club. 
The  police  headquarters  consist  of  a  small  one- 
story  buildmg  on  an  alley  between  Washington 
Avenue  and  Second  street,  and  are  unworthy  of 
the  city.  The  present  force  is  far  too  light  for 
the  duties  required,  but  it  is  composed  of  men  well 
adapted  to  the  work,  and  although  numerically 
weak,  is  in  point  of  fact  one  of  the  strongest, 
most  efficient  bodies  in  the  west.  Led  by  a  vigi- 
lant chief,  who  is  ably  supported  by  an  efficient 
staff  and  watchfid  body  of  patrolmen,  the  Min- 
neapolis police  force  has  come  to  be  regarded  as 
something  for  the  vicious  to  shun,  and  the  worthy 
to  rely  on  for  aid  and  protection.  The  following 
from  the  last  annual  rept)rt  of  the  chief  will  per- 
haps express  the  present  character  of  the  body. 


and  the  nature  and  embarassing  features  of  the 
work: 

"It  is  very  true  that  depredations  and  misde- 
meanors are  committed,  and  the  perpetrators  too 
often  escape  arrest;  but  that  is  the  fault  of  the 
limited  force,  and  not  of  any  officer  of  the  de- 
partment. This  city  is  widely  scattered,  con- 
taining more  than  two  hundred  miles  of  streets, 
and  the  entire  police  force  mimbers  but  twenty- 
four  patrolmen,  besides  detective,  chief,  captain 
and  sergeant.  Of  this  immense  line  of  streets 
and  alleys,  about  fifty  miles  are  within  the  patrol 
limits,  or  less  than  one-fourth  of  the  whole  city, 
and  during  the  past  year  there  has  not  been  a 
burglary  or  theft  of  any  importance  within  such 
limits,  with  but  a  single  exception,  that  the  great- 
er part  of  the  goods  have  not  been  secured  and 
returned  to  the  owner,  and  tlie  thieves  arrested. 
*  *  *  During  the  past  year  the  police 
force  has  succeeded  in  l)reaking  up  and  routing 
out,  one  of  the  worst  gangs  of  organized  thieves 
that  ever  existed  in  any  city,  and  the  ringleaders 
are  at  present  in  Stillwater,  with  the  balance  of 
the  gang  scattered  far  and  wide."  In  the  same 
report  the  chief  enters  his  protest  against  the 
toleration  of  tramps,  and  recommends  the  city 
council  to  provide  work,  as  the  best  known  reme- 
dy against  this  all-prevailnig  nuisance. 

CITY   M.\KKh:T. 

The  idea  of  a  general  market  for  the  city  of 
^Minneapolis  was  conceived  and  executed  by  Har- 
low A.  Gale  in  l,s7(i,  tlie  city  granting  him  a 
franchise  for  fifteen  years.  The  building  is  of 
stone  and  brick,  witli  asbestine  stone  trimmings 
and  iron  roof.  It  is  located  corner  of  First  street 
and  Hennepin  Avenue,  occupies  a  space  of 
80x157  feet,  is  tln-ee-stories  high  above  a  base- 
ment twelve  feet  in  height,  and  cost  with  land, 
$75,000.  In  the  interior  are  sixty  stalls,  where 
may  be  found  meats,  fish,  fruits,  vegetables,  but- 
ter, eggs,  cheese,  groceries,  all  kinds  of  farm 
products,  and  in  fact  everything  in  the  line  of 
provisions  and  supplies.  On  the  walks  surround- 
ing the  market,  which  are  under  cover  of  an  awn- 
uig  projecting  from  the  building,  fully  fifty  gard- 
eners display  their  products  during  the  vegetable 
and  fruit  season.  In  cold  weather  the  same 
space  is  occupied  by  meats  and  poultry.  The 
basement  is  occupied  as  an  eating  house,  which 


494 


HISTOBY  OF  BENKEPIIf  COUNTY. 


h.as  a  seating  capacity  of  two  huncb-ed.  On  the 
second  floor  is  a  hall  which  seats  1.500  people. 
Tht  Woman's  Cliristian  Association  have  their 
parlor  ou  this  floor,  and  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  occupy 
adjoining  rooms  as  gymnasium  and  reading 
room.  Mr.  Gale  has  his  office  at  the  hall  entrance 
where  he  superintends  this  "bee  hive""  of  indus- 
try, and  conducts  his  real  estate  agency. 

POST-OFFICES. 

The  first  post-office  estabUshed  at  the  Falls  of 
St.  Anthony  was  located  in  a  small  building  be- 
longing to  Franklm  Steele,  in  1848.  and  Ard  God- 
frey appointed  postmaster.  Previous  to  this  the 
nearest  post-offices  were  at  Fort  Snelling  and  St. 
Paul.  MaUs  were  irregularly  received,  as  no  carrier 
was  employed  diiring  the  tii'st  year.  Captain  John 
Eollins  occasionally  ran  a  passenger  express  wag- 
on to  St.  Paul,  and  brought  mail  to  St.  Anthony. 
In  1850.  Powers  and  Willoughby  opened  regular 
stage  communication  between  St.  Antliony  and 
St.  Paul,  and  for  a  number  of  years  the  mail  was 
carried  by  stage,  until  the  building  of  the  line  of 
railroad  connecting  the  two  cities,  in  1862.  since 
when  it  has  been  carried  by  rail.  The  office  was 
located  in  several  different  buildings  on  the  east 
side,  being  for  a  time  m  the  Winslow  House 
while  that  building  was  conducted  as  a  hotel.  At 
the  beginning  of  the  war,  when  the  Winslow 
House  was  closed,  the  office  was  again  removed, 
this  time  to  a  wooden  structure  next  to  the  old 
Stanchfield  block,  on  Central  Avenue  between 
Main  and  second  streets.  The  more  prominent 
postmastere  succeeding  Ard  Godfrey  were  Luther 
Patch.  Mr.  White,  W.  W.  Wales,  and  General 
H.  P.  Van  Cleve,  who  for  a  number  of  years  pre- 
vious, and  at  the  time  of  the  discontinuance  of 
the  office,  held  the  position.  ]Slessrs.  Godfrey, 
AVales,  and  A'an  Cleve  are  at  present,  promi- 
nent citizens  of  MinneapoUs.  Mr.  Wales  is 
a  member  of  the  firm  of  Kirkbride,  W'hitall  and 
Wales,  and  General  ^'an  Cleve  is  adjutant  gen- 
eral of  Minnesota. 

The  post-office  on  the  west  side  was  established 
in  1854,  and  located  on  the  corner  of  First  street 
and  Fh-st  Avenue  south,  m  a  small  wooden  build- 
ing used  as  the  office  of  Dr.  H.  Fletcher,  who  was 
the  first  postmaster.  The  first  quarterly  report 
of  the  first  postmaster  is  preserved  in  the  vault  of 
the  present  office  and  shows  that  the  postage  paid 


on  letters  sent  and  received,  amounted  to  15.97. 
At  that  time  payment  of  postage  either  ui  ad- 
vance or  upon  receipt  was  optional :  at  present  it 
is  required  in  advance  and  the  receipts  for  the 
same  length  of  time  in  1881,  from  the  same 
sources,  amounted  to  S26.666.4S.  The  postmas- 
ters succeeding  Dr.  Fletcher  were  Dr.  A.  E. 
Ames,  prominent  in  the  masonic  history  of  the 
state,  C.  Wilcox,  S.  Hidden,  D.  Morgan,  D.  Bas- 
sett,  W.  W.  McXair,  Cyrus  Aldrich,  and  our  pre- 
.sent  postmaster.  Dr.  George  H.  Keith,  who  has 
held  the  office  for  a  longer  term  than  any  of  his 
predecessors.  The  business  rapidly  increasing  the 
office  was  f  requenth"  removed  to  larger  quarters.  It 
was  first  moved  durmg  Dr.  Ames"s  administration, 
to  Washington  Avenue  between  Fifth  and  Sixth 
Avenues  south.  The  quarters  soon  proving  in- 
adequate it  was  next  located  on  Washington  and 
First  Avenues  south :  thence  to  Hennepin 
Avenue.  Ijetween  Washington  and  Second  street. 

During  W.  W.  McXair"s  administration  it  was 
moved  for  the  first  time  into  a  brick  building,  oc- 
cupying the  eastern  room  on  the  first  floor  of  the 
Athenieum  builtUng.  Col.  Cyrus  Aldrich,  promi- 
nent in  the  early  history  of  the  state  and  repre- 
sentative to  congress  m  1860-61,  succeeded  iir. 
McXair  in  1869  and  removed  it  to  210  Nicollet 
Avenue.  When  Col.  Aldrich  toi>k  charge  of  the 
office  three  assistants  were  required  to  perform 
the  duties.  In  the  spring  of  1870  Dr.  George  H. 
Keitli,  an  old  settler  in  Minneapolis,  was  ap- 
pointed to  supersede  Col.  .Vldrich.  When  he 
took  cliarge  of  the  office  the  working  force  con- 
sisted of  only  five  clerks.  The  business  of  the 
office  by  this  time  had  increased  to  such  a  degree 
that  the  room  in  Center  block  was  found  to  be  too 
small,  and  in  December,  1S73,  the  City  Ilall,  be- 
ing just  completed,  the  government  leased  its 
present  quarters  for  twenty  yeare  and  moved  in- 
to them. 

At  this  time  the  east  side  post-office  was 
merged  into  the  one  on  the  west  side.  This  was 
effected  by  means  of  a  petition  presented  to  the 
post-office  department  signed  by  the  citizens 
residing  withm  the  delivery  of  the  office  discon- 
tinued. This  is  the  only  mstance  in  the  annals 
of  United  States  postal  liistory,  where  a  post-office 
has  been  discontinued  imder  such  circumstances. 
January  1st,  1874,  the  present  carrier  system  was 
adopted,  requiring  the  services  of  eight  carriers  on 


BUSINESS  OF  THE  CITY. 


495 


both  sides  of  the  river.  The  carrier  force  has  been 
increased  to  twelve  regulars  and  two  substitutes, 
who  delivered  in  1880,  3,611,809  packages  of 
mail  of  various  kinds. 

In  1880,  the  total  receipts  of  the  office  were 
$81,383.60,  from  the  sale  of  stamps,  envelopes, 
postiil  cards,  paper  and  periodical  stamps,  post- 
age on  unpaid  letters,  etc.;  the  total  expenses 
were  118,234.06,  aiul  the  net  income  of  the  office, 
$63,148.64.  In  1870,  the  entire  force  of  the  office 
including  postmaster  was  six;  at  present  it  num- 
bers thirty-five,  viz:  the  postmaster,  the  deputy 
postmaster,  T.  E.  Hughes;  the  superintendent 
of  carriers,  A.  A.  Keith;  the  superintendent  of 
mailing  department,  R.  L.  Woodworth;  one  spec- 
ial agent,  one  local  agent,  fourteen  clerks,  and 
the  carriers.  The  office  inider  the  present  admin- 
isti'ation  is  the  pride  of  JSlinneapolis,  and  a  mon- 
ument to  the  executive  ability  of  George  II. 
Keith  and  his  efficient  corps  of  assistants. 


CHAPTER  LXXV. 


BUSINESS  OF  THE  CITY— CITY  PROPERTY'— PUB- 
LIC AND  PRIVATE  BUILDINGS. 

Before  turning  the  leaf  on  the  city  of  Minne- 
apolis a  brief  resume  of  its  interests  and  indus- 
tries will  be  given.  When  i-ailroad  commvuiicatiou 
was  deficient,  Minneapolis  contested  the  point  of 
the  head  of  navigation  with  a  zealous  neighbor, 
because  ready  means  of  communication  is  a  vital 
point  to  a  city  claiming  the  position  of  a  distri- 
buting point  or  centre  of  trade,  while  it  is  nearly 
as  essential  to  a  manufacturing  centre.  When  the 
issue  of  the  struggle  was  reached  and  ilinneapo- 
lis  was  compelled  to  occupy  a  secondary  place  so 
far  as  river  transportation  was  concerned,  it 
seemed  that  her  prestige  as  a  centre  of  interior 
trade  was  forever  decided.  During  the  years  in- 
tervening between  the  settlement  of  that  con- 
troversy and  the  present  time,  however,  such  im 
proved  facilities  of  railroad  transportation  have 
grown  with  the   country,  that  the  question  is 


again  an  open  one  whether  Minneapolis  shall  not 
become  the  commercial  centre  of  the  north-west, 
in  addition  to  her  acknowledged  supremacy  as  a 
manufacturing  centre.  The  growth  of  cities  and 
their  control  of  trade  are  never  accidental,  nor 
always  due  to  natural  situation,  though  that 
must  always  be  an  important  factor  in  the  pro- 
duct obtained.  At  one  time  in  tlie  early  history 
of  America,  New  York  city  was  over-shadowed 
by  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  and  letters  from  Eng- 
land were  addressed  to  "New  York  near  New- 
port." The  superiority  of  the  harlior  at  Newport 
and  many  natural  advantages,  conspired  to  make 
it  the  chief  city  of  the  continent.  In  that  case 
the  cupidity  of  citizens  was  the  cause  of  the 
greater  growth  of  the  rival  city.  Other  instances 
of  like  character  might  be  given.  Capital  and  the 
disposition  to  employ  it  in  business  enterprises, 
must  in  Minneapolis  be  the  determining  factors. 
The  problem  of  transportation  is  sohed  by  the 
construction  of  a  net-work  of  railroads  centering 
at  this  point,  and  a  survey  of  the  business 
of  the  city  will  show  to  what  extent  the 
facilities  are  already  utilized;  at  the  same  time  it 
must  be  admitted  that  importation  of  articles 
which  should  be  manufactured  here,  has  in- 
creased in  a  four-fold  ratio  to  the  growth  of  man- 
ufacturing capacity.  Tlie  manufacture  of  lumber 
and  flour  will  not  be  included  in  this  resume  of 
business,  except  in  the  general  summary. 

Next  to  flour  and  lumber  in  importance,  are  tlie 
the  manufactories  of  iron,  carriages  and  wagons. 
Seventy-six  establishments  are  employed  in  these 
branches  of  industry,  with  a  total  capital  of  .^811  ,- 
450,  and  a  product  of  manufactures  amounting 
11,646,349  during  the  past  year,  employing  1210 
men,  paying  out  $537,216  in  wages.  Prominent 
among  these  are  the  North  Star,  Minneaiiolis, 
^'ariety  and  Union,  which  companies  are  em- 
ployed in  constructing  machinery  adapted  to  the 
extensive  mills  of  various  kinds  in  the  city  and 
north-west.  The  manufacture  of  farm  machinery 
is  extensively  carried  on,  and  the  wlu)lesale  trade 
in  this  department  is  large  and  increasing.  The 
Minneapolis  Harvester  Works  is  the  most  exten- 
sive estal)lishment  of  this  kind  in  the  city,  fur- 
nishing employment  to  a  large  number  of  men. 
An  accoinit  of  this  institution  is  given  under  the 
manufactories  of  the  city.  Two  paper  mills  are  in 
operation,  employing  1310,000  capital  and  seven- 


496 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


ty-eight  men,  paying  annually  in  wages  f34,000  ; 
value  of  paper  product  $2(18,900.  Planing  mills, 
sash,  door  and  niouUliiig  factories,  twelve  in  all, 
employ  ?247,loO  capital,  4ol  men  and  pay  annu- 
ally in  wages  *14o,4.54;  product  :t60o,770.  Thir- 
ty-four boot  and  shoe  factories  employ  ¥1-52,900 
capital,  1-51  men,  and  pay  annually  !f60,900  in 
wages;  product  $235,660.  Eleven  brick  yards 
employ  $128,o00  capital,  120  men  and  pay  annu- 
ally :; 42,350  in  wages;  product  S93,700.  Sixteen 
printing  and  publishing  establishments  emploj 
5151,500  capital.342  men.paying  $140,100  annually 
in  wages ;  product  S370,400.  Twenty-five  slaugh- 
tering establishments  employ  $65,500  capital,  101 
men,  paying  ■■:43,181  annually  in  wages;  product 
1553,429.  Stone  quarries,  ten  in  number,  employ 
-s 34.500  capital,  113  men.  paying  838,000  annually 
in  wages;  product  i 284,000. 

The  following  statistics  taken  from  the  annual 
report  fif  the  lioard  of  trade  for  1880,  gives  another 
exhibit  of  the  product  of  miscellaneous  manufac- 
turing: Iron  works  and  farm  macbiueiy,  car- 
riages and  wagons,  ^3,260,000;  furniture  and 
kindred  goods,  $520.000 ;  builders'  goods  of  all 
classes, 51,173,000  ;  woolen,  cotton  and  knit  goods, 
1510,000 ;  clothing  and  furnishing  goods,  $725,- 
000  ;  boots,  shoes,  harnesses  and  trunks,  $710,000  ; 
crackers,  candies  and  cigars,  $421,000;  linseed 
and  other  oils  and  chemicals,  $311,000  ;  cooperage 
of  all  kinds,  $851,000  ;  soap  and  fertilizers,  $410,- 
000;  brown  paper,  etc..  5287,000:  brewers  and  vine- 
gar rectifiers.  S260.000  ;  brick,  and  manufactured 
stone,  5275,000 :  printers  and  book  binders,  $320,- 
000  :  total  $10,333,000,  exclusive  of  flour  and  lum- 
ber. 

Items  in  regard  to  the  wholesale  trade  have  al- 
ready been  embodied  in  chapter  sixty-six.  The 
growth  of  this  branch  of  trade  has  been  remark- 
able, as  will  be  seen  from  tlie  following  compara- 
tive statement,  for  the  last  five  years :  In  1876  it 
amounted  to  $5,373,651 ;  in  1877,  to  $8,147,275  ; 
in  1878,  to  510.406.250;  in  1879,  to  $14,001,700; 
in  1880,  to  524.299.200 ;  showing  that  the  trade 
has  more  than  quadrupled  during  that  time.  Five 
important  wholesale  and  retail  hardware  stores 
do  each  an  extensive  business,  viz.:  II.  1).  Wood 
and  Co.;  Jamiey,  Brooks  and  Eastman;  A.  R. 
Miller;  Smith  and  Day, 529  Washington  Avenue 
south  ;  Smith  and  Scribner;  523  Washington  Av- 
enue south.     Four  wliolesalc  and  retail  grocers 


do  business  aggregating  nearly  four  millions. 
Seven  wholesale  wine  and  liquor  dealers  ;  seven- 
teen <iueensware,  drug  and  oil  dealers ;  ten  dry 
goods,  clothing,  hats  and  caps ;  seven  cracker 
and  confectionery  ;  four  agricultural  implements; 
Ten  furniture  and  carpets;  twenty-six  produce 
commission ;  sundry,  boots,  shoes,  leather  and 
hides ;  also  paper  and  stationery.  These  com- 
prise the  great  bulk  of  the  wholesale  trade  of 
Minneapolis,  aside  from  flour  and  lumber. 

The  retail  trade  embraces  too  numerous  a  list 
for  special  mention.  A  few  of  the  most  import- 
ant branches  are  given.  Twenty-eight  dealers 
represent  the  retail  trade  in  boots  and  shoes,  be- 
side the  foity  boot  and  shoe  makers;  twenty- 
six,  cigars  and  tobacco ;  seventeen,  clothing ; 
twenty-eight,  confectionery  and  fruits;  twenty-sLx 
druggists;  thirty-two,  dry  goods;  five  fancy  goods 
only;  eleven,  furniture;  fifteen,  gents"  furnish- 
ing goods;  one  hundred  and  eighteen,  groceries; 
eleven,  hardware ;  forty-two,  meat  markets ; 
twenty-one,  millinery ;  twenty-five,  watch-ma- 
kers and  jewelers ;  fourteen,  wood  and  coal; 
other  establishments  in  proportion.  The  aggre- 
gate business  of  the  city,  wholesale  and  retail, 
including  flour  and  lumber  makes  a  grand  total 
of  over  $50,000,000.  Places  of  amusement  are 
the  Academy  of  Music,  Pence  Opera  House,  and 
two  others  of  inferior  grade ;  billiard  saloons, 
twenty;  drinking  saloons,  one  hundred  and  sixty- 
four;  boarding-houses,  fift>-one;  hotels,  fort}'- 
six;  restam-ants,  twenty-three;  baths,  eight;  bar- 
bers, thirty-six;  city  liacks.  ten;  circulating  libra- 
ries, tW'O. 

The  professions  are  represented  liy  one  hun- 
dred lawyers,  eighty-four  physicians,  twenty-two 
dentists,  six  civil  engmeers,  fourteen  music 
teachers,  and  clergy  as  shown  under  churches. 
Eeal  estate  dealers  are  fifty-four,  loan  agents 
seventeen,  insurance  agents  twenty-six,  repre- 
senting one  hundred  and  twenty-seven  compan- 
ies. Photographers  are  tliirteen  in  number;  tax- 
idermists, three ;  florists,  seven;  carvers  two ; 
carpenters,  builders  and  contractors,  forty-two. 

Cooperage  is  quite  an  important  industry, 
stimulated  by  the  flouring  business,  and  is  car- 
ried on  by  several  large  firms,  with  modern  ma- 
chinery. 

The  city  property  consisting  of  bridges,  city 
hall,  city    prison,    real    estate,  fire  department 


PUBLIC  BUILDINGS. 


497 


property;  gas  fixtures,  sewers,  water-works, 
pumps,  horses,  funds  invested,  oftlce  furniture, 
etc.,  is  $1,290,639.68,  besides  tlie  scliool  buildings 
and  property  not  included.  The  bonded  debt  of 
the  city  is  11,101,000;  bonded  school  debt  not  in- 
cluded, $96,500.  The  assessed  value  (about  two- 
thirds)  of  real  and  personal  property  in  1880,  was 
$28,013,315.  The  rate  of  tax  levy  for  1879-80, 
was  16.1  mills. 

Prominent  buildings;  the  city  hall  located  on 
an  angular  piece  of  ground  at  the  junction  of 
Nicollet  and  Hennepin,  is  the  property  of  the  city. 
The  building  is  four-stories  high  with  abasement; 
built  of  the  blue  limestone,  quarried  within  the 
city  limits.  A  large  portion  of  the  building  not 
required  for  city  purposes  is  occupied  by  the 
post-office.  Tribune,  Pioneer  Press  and  others  by 
means  of  which  it  proves  a  valuable  investment 
to  the  city. 

Other  buildings,  the  property  of  the  city,  are 
not  worthy  of  mention,  as  ornamental  structures 
and  some,  especially  the  comity  buildings,  are  in- 
adequate to  the  large  and  increasing  demands  of 
business.  The  fire  stations,  however,  seven  in 
number,  located  in  different  parts  of  the  city  are 
of  handsome  design.  Station  "G"  corner  of 
Washington  Avenue  and  Thirteenth  Avenue 
south,  recently  completed,  cost  with  the  lot  $8,- 
475.92.  "This  building  is,  without  doubt,  one  of 
the  most  convenient  and  complete  fire  stations  in 
the  north-west,  and  will  compare  favorably  with 
any  in  the  United  States."' 

The  city  market  mentioned  elsewhere,  is  locat- 
ed on  Bridge  square.  It  was  built  in  1876,  by 
the  present  proprietor  Harlow  A.  Ciale,  under  a 
special  contract  with  the  city  by  virtue  of  which 
he  controls  and  receives  the  rents  during  a  term 
of  years,  for  booths,  stalls,  and  locations  on  the 
streets  and  side  walks  surrounding  the  building. 
Here  hucksters  congregate,  affording  a  great  con- 
venience to  citizens  in  the  purchase  of  supplies. 

Many  business  blocks  are  of  such  elegant  and 
extensive  proportions  as  to  attract  the  notice  of 
visitors,  and  are  worthy  of  special  mention.  It 
will  be  possible,  however,  to  mention  only  a  few 
of  the  most  prominent. 

The  Academy  of  Music,  located  on  Hennepin 
Avenue,  corner  of  Washington,  is  a  brick  struct- 
ure of  four  stories,  with  a  mansard  roof,  and  is  an 

elegant  block. 
32 


The  Andrews  block,  built  of  brick,  four  stories, 
is  a  striking  building,  well  adapted  to  the  whole- 
sale trade  by  which  it  is  occupied. 

The  Casey  block  is  a  magnificent  building  with 
forty-four  feet  front  on  jSTicoUet  Avenue,  in  depth 
112  feet.  It  is  four  stories  in  height,  built  of 
brick,  faced  with  Lemont  limestone. 

The  Eastman  block,  four  stories  high,  with  a 
front  of  Ohio  sandstone,  the  Day  block,  of  pressed 
brick  on  Washington  Avenue,  the  Domestic  block 
of  Ohio  sandstone  on  Nicollet  Avenue,the  Johnson 
block,  corner  of  Washington  and  Hennepin  Ave- 
nues, and  many  other  fine  business  structures  are 
features  of  the  city. 

Hotels.  Many  of  the  hotels  deserve  mention 
among  the  fine  buildings  of  the  city.  The  fol- 
lowing in  regard  to  them  is  of  interest :  The  first 
hotel  in  this  city  was,  as  has  beeii  previously 
stated,  the  St.  Charles,  built  in  St.  Anthony,  in 
1850,  and  kept  by  Anson  Northrup.  The  Wins- 
low  House,  in  which  many  thousand  dollars  were 
invested,  was  at  one  time  the  leading  hotel  of  the 
nortli-west,  and  a  popular  resort  for  southern 
people  previous  to  tlie  war.  After  its  southern 
patronage  ceased,  it  continued  for  a  time  at  a 
loss,  but  was  subsequently  closed,  to  be  opened 
no  more  as  a  hotel.  The  building  was  used  as  a 
tenement  for  a  time  and  finally  became  the  prop- 
erty of  Macalester  College,  and  is  now  occupied 
by  that  institution.  The  first  hotel  on  the  west 
side  was  erected  by  Anson  Norttoup,  near  the 
falls,  in  1853,  known  as  the  Minneapolis  House. 
The  Nicollet  House  was  built  in  1857,  by  Eustis 
and  Nudd.  It  was  begun  in  May  of  that  year, 
and  when  completed,  had  a  frontage  of  110  feet 
on  Hennepin,  and  100  feet  on  Washington  Ave- 
nue, containing  about  ninety  guest  rooms,  com- 
modious dining  room,  office  and  parlors.  The 
cost  of  the  building  was  S80,000.  The  house  was 
under  the  management  of  Eustis  and  Nudd  until 
1861,  when  the  latter  sold  his  interest  to  Eustis, 
who  leased  the  house,  the  same  year,  to  I.  P.  Hill. 
From  that  time  imtil  1866  it  was  conducted  by  va- 
rious parties.  In  that  year,  F.  S.  Gilson  and 
Company  purchased  it,  for  .$40,000.  This  firm 
managed  the  house  until  1870,  when,  their  in- 
creasing trade  demanding  more  room,  they  built 
an  addition,  making  the  house  its  present  size, 
and  giving  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  rooms. 
The  new  part  was  opened  m  July,  1871.    Two 


498 


UISTOBT  OF  HE^^KEPIN  COUNTY. 


years  later,  the  house  was  leased  to  McKibbon 
and  Vosburg.  and  iii  1878  Mr.  Gilson  again  took 
it.  and  continued  nntil  ilay,  1880,  when  it  was 
leased  to  John  T.  West.  In  1879  Mr.  Gilsou 
made  some  important  changes,  building  a  new  of- 
fice and  rotiuida.  with  entrances  on  'Washington 
Avenue.  This  house  has  been,  since  its  first 
opening,  the  leading  hotel  of  the  city. 

Among  the  remaining  forty-five  hotels  in  Min- 
neapolis, seven  of  them  rank  high  as  houses  of 
the  second  class:  The  Clark.  Merchants,  Wind- 
sor, I^ational.  St.  James,  Bellevue  and  Pauly. 
The  others  are  of  the  various  grades.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  hotels,  there  are  a  number  of  public  and 
private  boarding  houses,  that  are  largely  patron- 
ized by  citizens  and  those  sojourning  tempo- 
rarily. 

In  this  connection,  the  places  of  amusement 
and  their  history,  with  the  fine  buildings  occu- 
pied by  them  is  introduced. 

Previous  to  the  erection  of  Harrison's  Hall, 
about  1860.  the  public  hall  of  Mumeapolis  known 
as  Boardman"s  Hall,  was  located  on  the  corner  of 
Washmgton  and  Second  Avenues  south.  This 
building  is  now  the  First  National  Hotel.  Har- 
rison's Hall,  with  seating  capacity  of  about  four 
or  five  hundred  was  used  for  amusements  vrntil 
1S66,  when  J.  AV.  Pence,  seeing  the  need  of  an 
opera  house,  built  and  funiislied  Pence  Opera 
House.  It  is  located  on  the  comer  of  Hennepin 
Avenue  and  Second  street,  and  when  erected  had  a 
seating  capacity  of  seven  hundred.  The  building 
is  of  brick,  three  stories  high  and  basement.  The 
first  floor  is  used  for  stores,  the  second  floor  is  di- 
vided into  offices,  and  on  the  third  floor  is  the 
haU.  During  the  summer  of  1879,  the  rear  of  the 
floor  of  the  auditorium  was  raised,  giving  it  an  in- 
cline towards  the  stage,  the  seating  capacitj- 
increased  from  seven  to  nine  Innidred.  and  folding 
opera  chairs  put  in.  It  was  opened  October  21, 
1879,  with  a  stock  company  under  management 
of  John  Murray,  who  was  followed  in  the  season 
of  1880  by  the  Bryton  and  Carver  stock  company 
and  called  the  "Criterion  Theati-e."  Bryton  and 
Can-er  closed  before  the  season  was  over.  Miss 
Phosa  McAllister  opened  January  24th,  1881, 
with  a  full  stock  company  of  thirty  people  and  is 
enjoying  merited  success. 

Joseph  Hodges,  who  came  from  ProNidence, 
Khode  Island,  about  1870,  concluded  that  amuse- 


ment-gorng  Minneapolitans  would  support  a  lar- 
ger and  finer  opera  house  than  the  city  then  pos- 
sessed, and  in  1870-"71,  erected  the  Academy  of 
Music  on  the  corner  of  Hennepin  and  Washing- 
ton Avenues.  The  building  is  80x113  feet,  four 
stories  in  height,  with  a  truss  roof.  The  first 
floor  is  occupied  by  stores,  the  second  floor  is  di- 
\'ided  into  offices,  and  on  the  third  and  fourth  is  the 
opera  hall.  The  auditorium  seats  1.400  persons, 
594  in  the  gallerj-  and  806  below.  Over  2,000 
persons  have  congregated  in  the  hall  on  several 
occasions.  The  structure  and  ground  was  pur- 
chased in  ]SIay,  1873,  by  the  Herrick  Bros,  and 
Thomas  Lowry.  The  present  owiiers  are  D.  Mor- 
rison, Herrick  Bros.,  and  the  estate  of  C.  G. 
Goodrich.  It  is  valued  at  §150,000,  and  is  the 
finest  structure  of  the  kind  north-west  of  Chicago. 
Since  the  ownership  of  Mr.  Hodges,  the  Academy 
of  Music  has  been  under  the  management  of  W. 
W.  and  E.  W.  Herrick. 

The  Univei-sity,  on  Universit>-  Avenue,  is  a 
stately  building,  occupying  high  ground,  and 
\-isible  from  nearly  all  parts  of  the  city.  It  is 
constructed  from  native  limestone  and  occupies 
spacious  groinids  a  little  removed  from  the  noise 
and  bustle  of  the  business  portion  of  the  city, 
but  convenient  of  access.  The  high  school  build- 
ing with  its  towers,  is  another  noticeable  feature, 
built  of  limestone  and  Kasota  sandstone,  situ- 
ated in  the  heart  of  the  city. 

Among  the  many  private  residences  on  which 
wealth  and  taste  have  been  lavished  to  such  an 
extent  as  to  invest  them  with  general  interest  to 
citizens,  we  can  here  mention  but  few.  The 
Judd  residence,  situated  on  Sixth  Avenue  south 
and  Fifth  street,  is  the  most  showy  resi- 
dence in  the  city.  The  grounds  occupy  the  en- 
tire block,  and  are  adorned  with  beautiful  shade 
trees  and  landscape  gardening.  The  house  is  of 
cream-colored  brick,  and  is  princely  in  its  pro- 
portions and  architecture. 

The  residence  of  Jesse  G.  Jones,  corner  of 
Firet  Avenue  south  and  Tenth  street,  is  a  model 
of  fine  taste  and  beautiful  architecture.  The 
houses  of  C.  H.  Pettit,  corner  of  Second  Avenue 
south  and  Tenth  street,  and  Thomas  Lowry, 
city  limits,  are  of  cream-colored  brick,  and  among 
the  finest  of  the  city. 

Hon.  A.  C.  Rand  has  a  stately  mansion,  comer 
of    Seventh    street    and    Sixth    Avenue    south, 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


499 


built  of  asliestine.  L.  Christian's  residence,  cor- 
ner of  Fiftli  Avenue  soutli  and  Eighth  street, 
that  of  Hon.  George  A.  Pillsbury,  corner  of 
Tenth  sti'eet  and  Third  Avenue  south,  and  that 
of  Hon.  J.  S.  Pillsljury,  corner  of  Tenth  Ave- 
nue and  Fiftli  street  south-east,  are  palatial  es- 
tablishments. 

It  is  a  matter  of  regi'et  that  limited  space  pre- 
vents the  acknowledgement  of  the  debt  due  from 
the  citizens  at  large,  to  the  numerous  other 
wealthy  gentlemen  who  have  beautified  the  city  by 
expending  large  sums  in  the  construction  of  fine 
residences  and  laying  out  ornamental  grounds. 

Of  banks,  churches,  newspapers  and  societies 
such  extended  notice  has  already  been  given,  as 
to  leave  little  of  fresh  matter  for  this  summary. 
Of  banks,  more  are  needed;  the  board  of  trade 
report  placed  the  deficiency  of  banking  capital, 
that  would  be  profitably  employed,  if  immediately 
invested  here,  at  $1,00(1,000  or  more.  Of  churches, 
the  number  and  seating  capacity  appears  large, 
though  new  structures  are  now  building.  Of 
newspapers,  there  are  more  than  twenty.  The 
professions  are  largely  and  ably  represented; 
room,  however,  is  always  found  on  the  "top  shelf" 
for  new-comers  qualified  to  assume  the  position. 


CHAPTER   LXXVI. 

BIOGRAPniCAL,    A    AND    1!. 

Judge  Isaac  Atwater.  In  few  men  are  more 
rare  combinations  of  talent  required,  than  in  pio- 
neers of  new  coiuitries;  invincible  courage,  enter- 
prize  tempered  by  prudence ;  promptness  and 
decision  united  with  calm  refiection;  sagacity 
combined  with  enthusiasm,  are  indispensable 
requisites.  Trades,  professions,  creeds,  in  short 
all  that  has  a  tendency  to  make  a  successful  com- 
monwealth must  be  represented  as  near  the  be- 
gmnmg  as  possible.  Among  those  who  planted 
the  foundation  for  the  future  city  of  Minneapolis, 
and  assisted  m  laying  the  corner  stone  of  the 
state  of  Minnesota,  none  contributed  more  zeal- 
ously than  Judge  Isaac  Atwater,  who  arrived 
at  St.  Anthony  Falls,  in  1850.  He  is  a  native  of 
Homer,  Cortland  county.  New  York,  where  he 


lived  and  worked  on  the  farm  imtil  he  was  six- 
teen years  of  age,  which  life  he  then  abandoned 
for  the  necessary  preparation  incident  to  a  pro- 
fession. He  received  a  thorough  classical  educa- 
tion, and  graduated  at  Yale  college,  in  1844,  and 
two  years  subsequently  in  like  manner  graduated 
at  Yale  law  school.  Promptly  upon  being  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  he  commenced  a  successful 
practice  of  law  in  New  York  city,  which  was 
continued  until  his  removal  to  St.  Anthony,  where 
immediately  upon  his  arrival,  he  entered  into 
partnership  with  Hon.  John  W.  North,  and  con- 
tinued the  practice  of  his  profession  in  the  dis- 
trict and  supreme  courts  of  the  Territory.  A 
few  months  subsequently  to  his  arrival,  he  was 
appointed  one  of  the  regents  of  the  state  univer- 
sity of  Minnesota,  and,  on  the  organization  of  the 
board,  was  made  secretary,  which  responsible 
position  he  held  for  nine  years,  performing  the 
duties  in  the  most  satisfactory  manner,  and  this, 
too,  without  compensation.  It  is  proper  to  re- 
mark that  had  it  not  been  for  the  judicious 
course  pursued  by  Judge  Atwater  and  his  col- 
leagues in  these  early  days,  none  of  whom  ever 
received  any  compensation  for  their  services,  but 
on  the  other  hand  contributed  large  sums  of 
money  from  their  own  pockets  in  the  interest  of 
the  institution,  there  is  no  probability  that  the 
stately  edifice  which  we  all  are  so  proud  of  woidd 
have  been  built  at  all,  or  at  least  not  in  this 
neighborhood.  To  the  first  board  of  regents  are 
the  citizens  indebted  for  the  inauguration  of  the 
the  University  of  Minnesota,  at  the  Falls  of  St. 
Anthony.  Several  lil)eral  citizens,  then  residents 
on  both  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  such  as  Calvin 
A.  Tuttle,  Esqr.,  also  subscribed  and  paid,  large 
subscriptions  to  enable  the  regents  to  commence 
the  erection  of  suitable  preparatorj-  Ijuildings  for 
the  use  of  the  university.  In  1851.  upon  the  ad- 
vent of  the  St.  Anthony  Express,  Judge  Atwater, 
in  addition  to  his  numerous  other  duties,  became 
editor-in-chief  of  that  paper,  and  conducted  the 
editorial  columns  with  great  ability  until  his  eleva- 
tion to  the  supreme  bench  upon  the  organization 
of  the  state  government  in  1857.  His  vigorous 
and  able  pen  soon  gave  this  paper,  then  published 
on  the  extreme  frontier,  a  national  reputation, 
and  it  was  the  source  of  the  introduction  of 
thousands  and  thousands  of  emigrants  into  the 
territory  as  permanent  settlers. 


500 


HJSTOEY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


In  1853  he  received  the  suffrages  of  the  citizens 
of  Hennepin  countj'  for  disti'ict  attorney.  This 
office,  in  a  new  country,  wliere  theinliabitauts  are 
concentrated  from  tlie  four  quarters  of  the  globe, 
is  attended  with  difficulties  which  are  unluiown 
in  old  settled  communities.  In  1857  he  was 
elected  one  of  the  associate  justices  of  the  su- 
preme court.  His  elevation  to  a  seat  on  the  su- 
preme bench  necessarily  caused  him  to  vacate  the 
editorial  chair  of  the  St.  Anthony  Express,  but 
his  habits  of  industry  were  continued  in  frequent 
contributions  of  articles  of  rare  merit,  which  ap- 
peared in  the  leading  periodicals  of  the  day.  In 
1S64  he  resigned  the  office  of  supreme  judtfe,  in 
consequence  of  a  determhiation  to  visit  the  Pa- 
cific States  for  the  purpose  of  resuming  the  prac- 
tice of  law.  He  opened  an  office  in  Carson  City, 
Nevada,  extending  his  practice  to  A'irginia  City, 
in  that  state.  He  remained  three  years  on  the 
Pacific  slope,  when  he  returned  to  iliuneapolis. 
and  has  since  that  time  continued  the  practice  of 
his  profession,  occupying  at  the  same  time,  for 
years,  a  seat  in  the  city  council,  a  portion  of 
which  time  he  was  president  of  the  board  of  al- 
dermen. For  eight  years  he  was  a  member  of  the 
board  of  education,  an  important  trust  for  which 
his  knowledge,  habits,  and  interest  in  schools  pe- 
culiarly fitted  him.  The  three  last  years  of  his 
service  with  the  board,  he  was  president  of  that 
body.  It  will  he  seen  that  Judge  Atwater  has 
bestowed  a  good  deal  of  his  valuable  time  to  mu- 
nicipal as  well  as  educational  purposes,  and  to  his 
mfluence  and  services  are  the  citizens  largely  in- 
debted for  the  healthy  and  prosperous  condition 
of  the  matters  closely  connected  with  the  city  af- 
fairs, as  well  as  the  excellent  system  of  schools 
which  abounds  in  ilinneapohs.  He  is  also  a  val- 
uable member  of  the  board  of  trade,  which  in  a 
measure,  shapes  the  future  destinies  of  the  city. 
Judge  Atwater  belongs  to  the  Protestant  Episco- 
pal Church,  in  which  he  has  occupied  numerous 
positions  and  trusts  in  the  interest  of  Cliristianity, 
and  is  always  ready  to  bestow  aid  and  assist  in 
the  elevation  of  mankind. 

In  1819,  Judge  Atwater  was  married  to  Miss 
Permelia  A.  Sanborn,  a  lady  who  is  imiversally 
respected  by  a  large  circle  of  acquaintances.  Her 
beautiful  home  is  surrounded  with  the  choicest 
floral  gifts,  the  fruits  of  her  handiwork.  She 
takes  much  interest  in  the  propagation  of  plants, 


flowers  and  \'ines.  w'luch  make  oiu-  homes  cheer- 
ful and  happy.  Her  good  works  in  these  things 
were  held  in  such  high  estimation  by  the  State 
Ilorticidtural  Societj'.  that  she  was  unanimously 
elected  an  honorary  member  of  that  society.  The 
Judge  and  Mrs.  Atwater  have  had  three  children. 
Cora,  tlie  eldest,  a  bright  little  girl,  died  in  1852, 
aged  fifteen  months.  L.  Isabel,  the  second 
daughter,  is  the  wife  of  Col.  A.  C.  Eeid,  of  San 
Francisco,  California.  The  youngest,  John  B., 
is  also  a  graduate  of  Yale  College,  has  chosen 
the  same  profession  as  his  father,  and  is  the  jun- 
ior member  of  the  firm  of  Atwater  and  Atwater, 
attorneys  at  law. 

Alfred  Elisha  Ames,  deceased.  As  a  represen- 
tative of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  Minnesota  none  are 
more  deserving  of  a  bright  record,  than  Alfred 
Elisha  Ames,  whose  life  was  a  great  success.  He 
was  a  native  of  Colchester,  "\'ermont,  where  he 
was  born  December  13th.  1814.  He  attended  the 
common  schools  a  few  months  of  each  year,  work- 
ing on  a  farm  the  balance  of  the  time,  until  he 
was  seventeen  years  of  age.  Under  the  influence 
of  his  honest,  industrious  parents,  his  mind  was 
fitted  to  look  beyond  his  immediate  suiToundings, 
and  win  his  way  to  an  honored  and  useful  career. 
In  1832  he  went  to  PainesviUe,  Ohio,  where  he 
attended  school  during  the  winter,  working  for 
his  board  with  a  doctor.  He  became  interested  in 
medicine,  reading  when  opportmuty  was  afforded. 
He  engaged  in  farming  and  brickmaking  for  some 
time,  and  in  1S36  he,  with  his  newly  wedded 
wife,  emigrated  to  Boone  county,  IlUnois,  where 
his  father,  with  family  had  preceded  him.  In 
1837  his  father  died,  and  all  depended  upon  his 
exertions  for  the  support  of  his  wife,  also  his 
widowed  mother  and  her  family.  In  November, 
1838,  taking  a  pack  on  his  back,  he  started  by 
way  of  an  Indian  trail  to  Vandalia.  then  the  seat 
of  government.  Tlirough  the  kind  ett'orts  of 
Hon.  Stephen  A.  Douglass,  he  obtained  employ- 
ment as  deputy  of  the  secretary'  of  state  and  pri-" 
vate  secretary  to  Gov.  Carlin.  In  1840  Mr.  Ames 
attended  medical  lectures  at  Rush  Medical  Col- 
lege, Cliicago,  under  Professor  Daniel  Brainerd  ; 
he  afterward  worked  on  his  farm  reading  medi- 
cine nights;  later  with  Dr.  R.  S.  Maloney,  of 
Belvidere,  where  he  also  began  to  practice.  In 
1842  he  was  elected  to  the  state  legislatiu-e  from 
the  counties  of  Boone,  McHenry,  Kane,  De  Kalb 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


501 


and  Grundy.  After  the  adjournment  of  tlie 
legislature,  lie  went  to  Chicago  and  attended  a 
course  of  medical  lectures,  studying  with  Profes- 
sor Brainerd.  He  attended  another  course  of 
lectures  at  Chicago,  and  graduated  from  Rush 
Medical  college  in  February,  1845.  In  1847  he 
•made  a  professional  visit  to  New  York.  Philadel- 
phia, Baltimore,  Washington,  Cincinnati,  and  St. 
Louis,  visiting  all  the  hospitals  and  deriving 
much  benefit  from  the  tour.  He  was  elected  to 
the  state  senate  of  Illinois  in  18-19.  At  Spring- 
held,  Governor  French  commissioned  him  pay- 
master-general of  his  staff  and  the  next  year,  ow- 
ing to  his  faithful  devotion,  he  was  re-elected  to 
the  senate.  In  October,  1851,  lie  came  to  Saint 
Anthony  in  quest  of  a  new  home,  and  in  Novem- 
ber located  a  claim  and  l)uilt  a  shanty  on  the 
present  site  of  Minneapolis.  Forming  a  partner- 
ship with  Dr.  J.  II.  Murphy,  he  began  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine  at  Saint  Anthony.  He  was 
elected  to  the  territorial  legislature  from  Henne- 
pin county  in  1852  and  in  October,  1854,  he  was 
chosen  probate  judge.  In  1856  Dr.  Ames  drew 
the  bill  for  incorporating  the  village  of  Minne- 
apolis, and  was  appointed  its  postmaster.  On 
June  1st,  1857,  he  was  elected  a  memlier  of  the 
constitutional  convention,  in  which  body  he  was 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  school  lands  and 
university,  and  in  1860  was  a  memlier  of  the  state 
normal  school  board.  In  1862  he  visited  the  hos- 
pitals in  the  principal  eastern  cities,  and  return- 
ing home  resumed  his  practice.  In  1868  he  went 
east  to  visit  his  native  place  and  May  1st  he  em- 
barked at  New  York  city  for  California,  being  ab- 
sent several  months.  After  his  return  he  con- 
tinued to  reside  and  practice  in  this  city  until  his 
death.  He  served  in  many  imblic  capacities;  was 
a  member  and  usually  a  leader  in  all  medical  so- 
cieties, also  actively  interested  in  all  matters  per- 
taining to  educational  advantages.  During  the 
summer  of  1874  his  health  began  to  fail  him  and  in 
September  he  passed  peacefully  to  his  rest.  His 
funeral,  which  took  place  the  Sunday  following, 
was  conducted  by  Dr.  .McJlasters  of  St.  Paul,  at- 
tended by  nearly  all  the  masonic  bodies  in  the 
state.  Dr.  Ames  was  an  enthusiastic  worker  in 
the  cause  of  masonry,  ilany  lodges  were  organ- 
ized and  instructed  by  him  ;  he  was  the  first  grand 
master  and  organized  the  first  grand  lodge  hi  the 
state.    He   was    a   member    of   the    Episcopal 


church.  His  marriage  witli  Martha  A.Pratt,  oc- 
curred at  tieneva,  Oliio,  in  1836.  By  this  union 
they  had  seven  sons,  five  of  whom  with  their 
mother,  survive  him. 

Eli  B.  Ames  was  born  in  Colchester,  Vermont, 
August  3d,  1820.  In  1832,  moved  to  Ohio,  and 
in  1836  to  Boone  county,  Illinois,  where  he  lived 
until  1841,  then  went  to  Ottawa  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1842,  when  he  moved  to  Hennepin, 
Putnam  county,  Illinois,  where  he  was  postmaster 
from  1844  to  1848.  Probate  judge  from  1848  to 
1850.  Member  of  the  state  legislature  in  1851  and 
1852.  Governor  iladison's  private  secretary  fortwo 
years.  In  1855,  appointed  consul  to  Hamburg,  and 
acted  as  such  until  tlie  spring  of  1857.  Dur- 
ing that  spring  he  went  to  Washington,  to  arrange 
a  postal  treaty  between  that  comitry  and  the 
United  States,  for  the  general  exchange  of  Ger- 
man mail  through  Hamburg.  He  succeeded  in 
the  undertaking,  and  also  in  reducmg  the  rate  of 
postage  from  thirty  to  ten  cents.  He  showed 
such  ability  in  the  office  as  consul,  that  the  con- 
sulate was  held  open  for  his  return  a  year,  which 
he  did  not  do,  but  came  to  Minneapolis  in  June, 
1857,  and  located,  opening  a  general  insurance 
business,  which  he  has  followed  to  the  present 
time.  He  was  secretary  of  the  state  senate  from 
1861  to  1864,  and  elected  mayor  of  Minneapolis 
in  1870  and  1871.  ilairied  Miss  Delia  A.  Payne, 
in  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  May  31st,  1854.  They 
have  had  three  children,  all  Hving,  Addie  II., 
Alice  D.  and  Agnes  L. 

Ezra  B.  Ames,  was  born  at  Garden  Prairie, 
Illinois,  August  26th,  1837.  Is  a  son  of  Dr.  A. 
E.  Ames,  who  made  the  first  kiln  of  brick  in 
Chicago,  and  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  that 
region.  Mr.  Ames  moved  with  his  parents,  in 
the  spring  of  1852,  to  Mmneapohs,  attended  the 
first  school  in  this  city,  taught  by  Mary  A.  Scho- 
field;  only  six  pupils  attended,  himself  and  two 
brothers,  two  brothers  of  the  ^IcLeod  family  and 
Emma  Tuttle,  in  a  log  house  near  where  the 
Washburn  mill  now  stands;  also  attended  the  first 
courts  held  in  the  old  government  mill,  and  first 
rehgious  services,  at  which  the  Rev.  Mr.  Pond 
officiated.  In  1854,  he  engaged  as  clerk  with 
Tuft,  Reynolds  and  Whittemore  in  the  mercantile 
business,  remained  until  1856,  when  he  opened  a 
general  store  at  Dayton  and  continued  until  1860. 
Then  engaged  in  milling  at  Rockford,  Wright 


502 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


count}-,  until  1862,  when  he  enlisted  in  First 
Minnesota  Cavalry,  served  his  term  of  one  year, 
and  was  houoralily  discharged.  On  his  return, 
opened  in  company  with  ]Mr.  Hopper,  a  meat 
market,  on  the  comer  of  Washington  and  Nicol- 
let Avenues,  which  business  he  followed  until 
1871.  after  wliich  he  engaged  in  the  commis- 
sion business,  and  latterly  has  given  his  atten- 
tion to  his  own  real  estate  and  tenement  business. 
Was  married  at  ^Minneapolis.  January  1st,  1864, 
to  Mary  C.  Hopper,  one  of  the  early  comers  to 
this  city.  They  have  had  four  children,  two 
now  li^^ng;  Edgar  C.  and  Frederick.  A. 

Albert  Alonzo  Ames  was  bom  at  Garden  Prai- 
rie, Boone  county,  Illinois,  January  18th,  1842. 
At  ten  years  of  age  he  moved  wth  his  parents  to 
Minneapolis,  graduated  from  the  high  school  at 
sixteen,  and  at  once  commenced  the  study  of 
medicine  with  Ids  father.  Graduated  at  the  Rush 
Medical  College,  of  Chicago.  February  oth.  1862. 
Married.  April  21st,  1862,  to  Miss  Sarah,  daughter 
of  Capt.  Richard  Strout,  of  Minneapolis.  In 
August,  1862,  Dr.  Ames,  in  company  with  others, 
raised  Company  B  of  9th  ilimiesota  Volunteer 
Infantn ,  and  engaged  in  the  service  on  the  fron- 
tier, participating  in  all  the  battles  of  liis  regi- 
ment against  the  Indians.  In  the  fall  of  1863, 
accompanied  his  regiment  south,  and  was  in  active 
sersice  until  the  close  of  the  war.  His  experi- 
ence in  surgery,  gained  during  his  time  of  senice, 
was  of  great  value  to  him.  In  July,  1864,  he 
was  commissioned  surgeon,  and  served  in  that 
capacity  until  mustered  out.  August  18th,  1865. 
Returned  to  Minneapolis,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  with  his  father.  In 
November.  1866.  he  was  elected  to  the  state  legis- 
lature from  Hennepin  county.  In  1868,  went  to 
California,  and  engaged  in  the  newspaper  busi- 
ness imtil  1874,  when  he  returned  to  Minneapolis, 
where  he  has  since  remained.  After  the  death  of 
his  father,  in  September,  1874,  he  took  liis  prac- 
tice, and  has  continued  it  since.  Has  held  sev- 
eral offices  of  prominence,  and  was  elected  mayor 
of  Minneapolis  in  1876.  Is  a  member  of  the  Ma- 
sonic fraternity.  Odd  Fellows,  Diiuds,  and 
Knights  of  Pythias.  Has  three  chikb-en  li\-ing  : 
Charlie  C.  Effie  F.,  and  Frankie  E. 

Herman  Abel,  was  bom  in  Germany  in  1825. 
Learned  the  dyeing  and  scouring  business  in  his 
native  country,  and  followed   it  for  thirty-one 


years  in  Germany  and  the  United  States.  He  has 
been  engaged  in  Minneapolis  since  1878,  and  is  at 
present,  located  at  No.  304  Hennepin  Avenue. 
Married  Kosina  Flad,  June,  1861.  They  have 
two  children.  Anna  C.  and  George  J. 

A.  M.  Alden.  was  born  in  Cortland  county, 
New  York,  October  24th,  1838.  At  the  age  of 
twelve,  moved  with  parents  to  ^IcHenry  county, 
Illinois.  In  1855,  came  to  Mmnesota  and  settled 
in  Fillmore  coimty,  and  engaged  in  farmuig  there 
and  in  Dodge  county  until  1863.  Thence  to 
Olmsted  county,  engaged  in  the  dry  goods  busi- 
ness until  1866,  then  to  Fillmore  county  again, 
engaging  in  a  general  merchandise  business  imtD 
1872.  when  he  moved  to  Minneapolis  and  en- 
gaged in  the  grocery  and  crockery  trade  until 
1880,  when  be  retired  for  the  purpose  of  looking 
after  his  property,  ilarried  in  1860.  to  Maria 
Shedd,  of  New  Hampshire.  They  have  five  chil- 
dren. Elizabeth  E.,  Wm.  A..  Jennie  M..  Bertha 
F.,  Edwin  M.  His  wife  died  in  1871.  Married 
for  second  wife.  Mrs.  H.  E.  Pardee,  of  Elgin. 
Illinois.  They  have  had  four  children,  two  now 
living;  Lyman  S.  and  Harriet  M. 

Z.  O.  Allen,  born  in  Washington  conntw  ilaine. 
June  7th,  1859.  Came  to  Minneapolis,  in  July, 
1878.  engaging  in  several  different  branches  of 
business  until  August.  1880,  when  he  bought  an 
interest  in  the  meat  market  located  at  717  Wash- 
ington Avenue  south:  firm  name.  Barber  and  Com- 
pany. 

J.  C.  Allworth.  Proprietor  of  the  Allworth 
House,  located  at  118  Second  street  south.  It  is  a 
two-story  buikling  with  thirteen  rooms,  with  the 
office,  bar,  dining-room  and  kitchen  on  the  first 
floor,  and  the  parlor  on  the  second  floor. 

James  il.  Allan  was  born  in  Montreal,  Canada, 
February  11th,  1843.  In  1857,  moved  with  his 
parents  to  Upper  Canada.  In  1860  moved,  and 
lived  at  Fort  Atkinson,  Iowa,  one  year,  then  to 
Decorah  and  learned  the  blacksmith  trade.  En- 
listed, in  1863.  in  the  Forty-sixth  Iowa  Infantry, 
and  went  to  Tennessee,  and  was  discharged  at 
Davenport,  September  23d,  1863.  In  1872  went 
to  Montana  and  engaged  in  mining  and  pros- 
pecting. Moved  the  same  year  to  Minneapohs 
and  worked  six  years  for  R.  B.  Langdon  &  Com- 
pany. AVas  appointed  on  the  poUce  force  in 
March.  1879,  which  position  he  has  since  held. 
Married  November  14th.  1865,  to  Mary  E.  Mead- 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


503 


ow.    They  have  had  three  cliildren;  one  now  liv- 
hig — Leon  L. 

Andrew  Anderson  was  born  in  Xorway,  Jan- 
uary 22d,  1845.  Game  to  the  United  States  in 
1866,  and  settled  in  Iowa,  where  he  worked  on 
a  farm  for  two  years.  Moved  to  Hastings,  Min- 
nesota, in  1868,  and  worked  three  years  on  a 
farm  and  in  a  saw  mill.  Came  to  Minneapolis 
in  1871,  and  opened  a  saloon,  wliich  he  continued 
for  one  year,  then  worked  at  coopering  three  years, 
and  is  now  located  at  No.  1225,  Fifth  street  south, 
in  saloon  business.  Married  Miss  Clara  Ander- 
son; they  have  one  child,  Louisa. 

C.  H.  Anderson,  born  in  Sweden.  Moved  to 
the  United  States  and  settled  in  Minneapolis  in 
1872,  where  he  worked  for  six  months  in  a  meat 
market,  then  engaged  for  tlie  Minneapolis  and 
St.  Louis  Railroad  Company  until  1877,  when  he 
made  a  trip  to  his  old  home  in  Sweden,  remain- 
ing there  for  nine  months,  when  he  returned  to 
Minneapolis  and  engaged  in  the  clothing  business 
until  tlie  spring  of  1880,  when  he  engaged  in  the 
wood  trade  on  the  corner  of  Washington  Avenue 
and  Sixth  Avenue  south. 

C.  P.  Anderson,  born  ui  Sweden,  in  1836.  Came 
to  America  in  1866,  and  worked  in  Chicago  four 
months,  thence  to  Red  Wing,  Minnesota,  work- 
ing six  months ;  then  to  Wisconsin,  working  at 
his  trade,  carpentering,  for  two  years,  tlience  to 
Lake  City,  keeping  boarding  house  and  saloon 
five  months;  then  to  Burlington,  Iowa,  working 
at  his  trade  for  two  years,  tlience  to  New  Ulm, 
Minnesota,  in  1872,  for  a  short  time,  and  to  Min- 
neapolis, working  at  his  trade  luitil  1878,  when 
he  established  liis  present  business  at  1421, 
Washington  Avenue  South. 

W.  P.  Ankeny,  deceased,  was  born  at  Somer- 
set, Pennsylvania,  October  4th,  1821,  died  at 
Minneapolis,  December  2()th,  1877.  In  early  life 
he  was  the  publislier  of  a  newspaper  in  his  native 
town,  also  in  mercantile  business,  and  holding 
the  position  of  postmaster.  He  went  to  Califor- 
nia during  the  excitement  attending  the  opening 
of  that  state,  and  engaged  successfully  in  the 
stock  business.  On  his  return  east  he  engaged 
in  running  a  steam  tannery.  In  1857  Mr.  An- 
keny came  to  Minneapolis,  and  fi'om  that  time 
imtil  he  was  confined  to  his  room  by  illness,  was 
closely  identified  with  the  material  growth,  and 
political  interests  of  this  city.    He  built  a  saw 


mill  at  the  Falls  in  company  with  a  Mr.  Clement 
and  Mr.  Robinson  of  this  city.  They  continued 
to  do  a  lucrative  business  until  1872,  when  he 
was  joined  in  tlie  lumbering  business  by  liis 
brotlier,  A.  T.  Ankeny.  He  built  the  Galaxy 
mill,  in  1871,  wliich  was  burned  and  rebuilt,  and 
went  down  in  the  explosion  of  1878.  He  served 
as  councilman  for  the  sixth  ward,  and  In  the  fall 
of  1861,  was  elected  senator  for  the  27th  district. 
He  was  largely  interested  in  the  Minneapolis 
and  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  the  building  of  the 
Minneapolis  Harvester  Works.  AVas  mainly  in- 
strumental in  starting  the  first  Building  and  Loan 
Association  in  the  city,  and  was  at  one  time  its 
president.  The  many  enterprises  he  was  en- 
gaged in  furnished  at  all  times  employment  for 
a  large  number  of  men.  His  son,  W.  S.  Ankeny, 
now  occupies  a  responsible  position  at  the  Gal- 
axy mill. 

A.  T.  Ankeny  was  bom  at  Somerset,  Pennsyl- 
vania, December  27th,  1837.  Received  his  edu- 
cation at  Hiram,  Ohio,  and  at  Jefferson  College, 
Cannonsburg,  Pennsylvania.  Studied  law  with 
John  D.  Ruddy,  at  Somerset,  and  completed  his 
studies  in  the  office  of  Hon.  J.  S.  Black,  Attorney 
General  of  the  United  States,  at  Washington,  D. 
C.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  April  1st,  1861. 
In  February,  1862,  on  tlie  accession  of  Hon.  E. 
M.  Stanton  to  the  War  Department,  was  appoint- 
ed by  him  to  a  position  in  the  Quartermaster 
General's  office,  and  held  the  same  until  the  close 
of  the  war.  He  then  resumed  the  practice  of  law 
at  Somerset,  and  for  a  time  was  connected  with 
one  of  the  banks  at  that  place.  Came  to  Minne- 
apolis in  the  spring  of  1872,  and  became  associ- 
ated witli  his  brother,  W.  P.  Ankeny,  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  lumber.  In  1874,  the  firm  built  the 
Galaxy  flourhig  mill.  Continued  in  the  lumber 
business  until  1877,  at  that  time  resuming  the 
practice  of  law,  which  he  has  since  continued 
successfully.  Mr.  Ankeny  was  married  at 
Wheeling,  West  Virginia,  May  2d,  1861,  to  Miss 
Martha  V.  Moore,  daughter  of  John  Moore,  long 
identified  with  the  interests  of  Wheeling.  They 
are  the  parents  of  five  children  :  Florence,  Rob- 
bie, Nellie,  Mattie,  and  Sallie.  Residence  on 
Western  Avenue,  on  the  bluffs  outside  of  the 
city  limits,  where  he  owns  forty  acres  of  land, 
portions  of  it  being  very  desirable  residence  prop- 
erty. 


504 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


John  F.  Appleby  bomatWhitesborough,  Onei- 
da county.  New  York.  When  five  years  of  age 
came  with  liis  parents  to  Wisconsin,  and  was 
reared  on  a  farm.  Enlisted  in  1862  in  the  Twen- 
ty-third Wisconsin  reghiient.  and  served  until 
honorably  discharged  July  4th,  1865,  at  JSIobile, 
Alabama.  During  his  term  of  ser\ice  he  invent- 
ed the  repeating  magazine  fire-arm,  while  at  the 
siege  of  Mcksburg,  which  he  sold  to  Thomas  AV. 
Lane  of  Boston,  Massachusetts.  After  his  re- 
turn home  he  engaged  in  farming  until  ]86S;  dur- 
ing which  time  he  completed  the  "Appleby  Twine- 
binder,"  patent  issued  in  1869, and  has  since  then 
received  patents  on  several  different  binders;  also 
patents  on  self-rakes  and  reapers,  the  latter  known 
as  the  "Appleby  Reaper."  Came  to  ^linneapolis 
in  March,  1880,  and  arranged  with  the  Minneapo- 
lis Han'ester  Works  to  manufacture  his  twine- 
binders,  engaging  with  the  company  as  mechanical 
superuitendent  of  their  works.  He  completed 
his  binder  at  Beloit,  Wisconsin,  where  they  are 
still  manufactiu-ed.  They  are  also  manufactured 
at  riauo.  Illinois,  Excelsior  Works,  iliamisburg' 
Ohio,  and  at  Whitewater,  Wisconsin.  Mr.  Ap- 
pleby was  married  at  Mazo  Manie,  Wisconsin,  in 
1847.  to  Miss  A.  D.  Spink.  They  have  three 
children.  Kuby  G..  J.  Percy  and  John  Roy. 

A.  R.  Archibald.  Principal  and  proprietor  of 
Archibald's  Business  Academy.  A  native  of  New- 
England.  Graduated  at  Dartmouth  college,  New 
Hampshire,  and  came  West  to  take  chaige  of  the 
Stevens  Seminary,  Glencoe,  Minnesota,  filling  the 
position  acceptably  until  the  fall  of  1876,  when 
he  became  commandant  of  the  ^linneapoUs  Mili- 
tary Academy.  In  the  fall  of  1877,  opened  the 
present  institution  to  meet  the  wants  of  young 
people  coming  into  the  city,  whose  education  was 
limited.  At  first  the  outlook  for  success  was 
poor,  but  at  the  close  of  the  year  twenty  names 
were  enrolled.  Smce  then,  the  business  has  de- 
veloped in  spite  of  opposition,  and  at  present  the 
enrollment  numbers  sixty  names  with  a  prospect 
of  twenty  more  during  the  year.  Young  men 
and  women  from  the  country  and  cit>-  wlio  have 
not  the  time  for  a  full  course,  here  lind  just  what 
is  needed  to  prepare  them  for  the  practical  pur- 
suits of  life. 

Solon  Armstrong  was  born  at  Sutton,  New 
Hampshire,  May  15th,  1834.  Attended  the  Wes- 
leyan  I'niversity  at  Middletown,  Connecticut,  four 


years,  then  read  law  with  George  and  Foster, 
Concord,  New  Hampshire,  until  1857,  when  he 
came  to  St.  Anthony  and  continued  his  studies 
with  Lawrence  and  Lochren,  until  the  fall  of 
1857;  admitted  to  the  bar  the  same  year,  also 
elected  justice  of  the  peace.  Held  the  office  till 
1864,  when  he  entered  the  government  service  in 
in  the  quartermaster's  department  one  year,  mak- 
ing a  trip  across  the  plains  with  Col.  Thomas's 
expedition.  He  then  went  into  the  office  of  Todd, 
Gordon  and  Co.,  till  1870.  when  he  was  appointed 
by  the  city  council,  city  justice  and  clerk,  which 
offices  he  held  until  the  unity  of  the  two  cities, 
when  the  office  was  abolished.  He  called  a  meet- 
ing of  the  first  council  for  the  union  of  the  two 
cities.  He  then  entered  the  Zenith  (louring  mill 
office  as  book-keeper,  till  1877,  then  purchased  the 
old  City  Mill,  after  which  Mr.  M.  B.  Rollins  be- 
came associated  and  they  continued  till  the  spring 
of  1878.  In  company  with  Mr.  C.  Noble  bought 
the  grocery  interest  of  O.  T.  Swett  and  is  at  present 
located  in  Masonic  block,  I^niversity  Avenue 
East  Division.  Mr.  Armstrong  was  a  member  of 
the  city  council  from  1873  to  1878  and  president 
the  last  two  years.  AYas  married  in  Miimeapolis 
February,  1874,  to  Mrs.  Sarah  B.  Redfield.  who 
died  April  14th,  1879.  Has- three  children  Uving, 
Bessie  P.,  Solon  and  Joseph. 

J.  H.  Arnell  was  born  in  Orange  count)',  New 
York.  February  20th,  1836.  Came  to  IMinneapo- 
lis  May  10th,  1857,  and  worked  at  his  trade,  har- 
ness-making, for  William  Murphy.  In  1858,  went 
into  business  for  himself,  as  one  of  the  pioneers 
in  the  harness  business.  At  that  time  there  were 
I'ut  Xv,o  other  shops  in  ilinneapolis.  His  first 
partner  was  John  Conover,  who  sold  out  in  1860, 
leaving  him  alone.  In  1862,  he  enlisted  in  the 
Second  JSiinnesota  Battery,  serving  nearly  three 
years.  Was  discharged  from  the  hospital  at 
Nashville,  Tennessee.  Returning  to  Minneapo- 
lis, he  resumed  his  old  business.  August.  1874, 
he  joined  in  partnership  with  L.  Christbeb,  and 
has  continued  business  with  him  since.  AVas 
married  to  Francis  Peet.  of  Minneapolis,  Septem- 
ber 23d,  1874.  They  have  two  children  :  Paul  B. 
and  Mabel. 

B.  Aronson,  born  in  Sweden,  December  1st, 
1845.  Was  raised  on  a  farm  until  twenty-one 
years  of  age,  when  he  learned  the  trade  of  mason, 
which  he  has  followed  constantly  since.    Came  to 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


505 


America  in  1867,  and  located  in  Minnesota,  and 
commenced  woik  for  tlie  Sioux  City  Railroad, 
building  bridge  foundations.  Worked  in  Scott 
coniity  one  season,  and  came  to  Miinieapolis  in 
1872.  Worked  for  George  McMullen  in  1872, 
working  for  himself  alone  until  the  firm  of  Pat- 
terson and  Aronson  was  established,  in  1877. 
They  now  employ  from  twenty  to  thirty  men. 

John  Arnoldy  was  born  in  New  Ulm,  Bmwn 
county,  Minnesota,  September  4th,  186(1,  where 
he  was  brought  up  to  tlie  harness-making  trade, 
and  worked  until  1877,  when  lie  came  to  Minne- 
apolis, and  worked  for  leading  firms  in  the  city 
imtil  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Andrew  Keim 
in  1880,  and  located  at  120  Plymouth  Avenue. 

Peter  Arnoldy,  born  in  Germany,  March  1st, 
1849,  and  raised  on  a  farm.  Came  to  America  in 
March,  1872,  stopping  a  short  time  in  Chicago 
and  New  Ulm,  and  reached  Minneapolis  in  No- 
vember, 1872.  Is  a  cabinet-maker  by  trade,  and 
by  his  industry  and  skill  has  built  up  (piite  a  large 
business  at  his  present  place,  1503  Washington 
Avenue  south.  Was  married  in  1875,  to  Lucy 
Breyen,  of  Germany.  They  have  two  children  : 
Herman  J.  and  John  M. 

K.  Aslesen  was  born  in  Norway,  December  6th, 
1853.  Came  to  America  witli  his  parents  who 
settled  in  Houston  county,  Minnesota,  in  1857. 
where  he  remained  imtil  1867,  when  he  moved 
to  Brownsville.  Soon  after,  moved  to  Lansing, 
Iowa,  where  he  worked  as  clerk  in  a  grocery  for 
six  years.  Thence  to  New  Albin,  engagmg  in 
general  mercantile  business  until  March,  1879, 
when  he  moved  to  Minneapolis  and  became  one 
of  the  firm  of  Aslesen  Bros,  in  a  general  grocery 
trade  at  511  Washington  Avenue  south.  In 
April,  1880,  he  bought  his  brother's  interest  in 
the  concern  and  has  since  continued  alone. 

F.  A.  Atwater  was  born  in  Burlington,  Ver- 
mont, in  1830,  where  he  conducted  a  hotel  for 
several  years.  Moved  to  Illinois  in  1857,  and  in 
187.'<  to  Delano,  Minnesota,  where  he  engaged  in 
the  clothing  business.  September  1st,  1880,  he 
bought  the  Clark  House,  located  corner  Fourth 
street  and  Hennepin  Avenue,  100x1  IS  feet,  four 
stories  high,  eighty  rooms.  OtIice,  dining-room, 
billiard  hall,  bar  and  mercantile  sample  rooms  on 
the  ground  floor.  Reception  room  and  parlors  on 
second  floor.  A  conveniently  arranged  and  well 
conducted  house.      Mr.  Atwater  married  Miss 


Naomi  N.  Bradley,  June  16th,  1856.  They  have 
four  children— Stella  C,  Famiy,  Edward  and 
Huliliard. 

Ezra  H.  Austin,  born  at  Ilogansburgh,  New 
York,  April  4th,  1844.  At  the  age  of  twelve 
went  to  work  in  the  Howland  mills  at  Wadding- 
ton,  New  York,  where  he  remained  until  1860, 
when  he  went  to  Williamsburgh,  New  York, 
and  run  a  mill.  August  11th,  1861,  enlisted 
in  the  One  hundred  and  second  New  York 
Volunteers,  and  served  with  the  regiment 
through  the  war;  mustered  out  June,  1865,  came 
to  Winona,  ISIinnesota,  in  1867,  and  run  the 
"Glen  mills"  for  two  years;  moved  to  W^asioja, 
in  the  "Star  mills"  two  years;  came  to  Minneapo- 
lis in  1870,  was  with  the  Washburn  A  mill  eigh- 
teen months,  the  Pillsbury  twelve  months,  and  in 
Wisconsin  six  months;  went  into  the  Palisade 
mill  in  1873,  and  has  been  there  since.  Married 
Miss  Mary  Fleener,  March  4th, 1870.  They  have 
one  child  living,  Etta  H. 

E.  C.  Babb  was  born  in  Westbrook,  Maine, 
February,  1834,  where  he  followed  lumbering 
until  1857,  then  moved  to  Berlin  Falls,  New 
Hampshire,  and  continued  the  lumber  business 
until  1862,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  Ninth  New 
Hampshire  Volunteers;  served  as  non-commis- 
sioned officer  three  months,  was  promoted  Second 
Lieutenant.  In  1863,  was  promoted  First  Lieu- 
tenant, and  Captain  in  1864;  was  honorably 
discharged  June,  1865;  speculated  in  oil  in 
Canada  two  years;  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1868, 
and  engaged  in  lumbering  until  the  fall  of  1875; 
since  then  has  been  in  the  ice  business;  proprie- 
tor of  the  Minneapolis  Ice  Company,  until  the 
formation  of  the  Cedar  I^ake  Ice  Company  in  1878. 
Was  married  at  Berlin  Falls,  New  Hampshire, 
August,  1862,  to  Miss  L.  Chandler,  of  that  place. 

Ernest  and  Bernard  Bachner,  twin  brothers, 
were  born  in  Prussia,  Fel)ruary  1st,  1844.  They 
learned  the  gunsmith  trade  in  their  native  coun- 
try, and  in  1865,  came  to  America,  landing  at 
Baltimore.  Ernest  secured  a  position  in  a  giui 
manufactory  at  Wasliiugton,  D.  C,  and  Bernard 
came  west,  securing  a  position  at  EauClaire, Wis- 
consin. They  remained  in  their  respective  places 
about  a  year,  and  then  met  by  appointment  at 
Minneapolis;  since  then  they  have  been  identi- 
fied with  the  interests  of  this  city.  For  descrip- 
tion of  business,  see  other  portions  of  this  work. 


506 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


S.  Harlan  Baker,  civil  engineer,  office  101  Cen- 
tral Avenue,  was  born  fiftj-  miles  west  of  Phila- 
delphia. Pennsylvania.  May  30th.  1846.  He  fol- 
lowed farming  at  home  tUl  1865.  when  he  entered 
the  State  Normal  school,  at  Jlillersville.  Penn- 
sylvania, and  graduated  in  the  fall  of  1867,  after 
which  he  lay  sick  for  two  years.  In  1869  came 
west  for  his  health  and  located  in  Minneapolis. 
In  the  spring  of  1870,  went  railroad  siuveying 
under  Colonel  Clough,  remained  a  short  time 
and  engaged  on  Government  survey  on  the  line 
of  the  Xorthern  Pacific  Eailroad,  where  he 
remauied  until  the  spring  of  1872,  when  he 
opened  his  present  office.  In  1876  was  elected 
county  surveyor,  and  sened  two  terms.  Mar- 
ried in  Minneapolis,  November,  1875,  to  Miss 
Laura  ^ILxer.    They  have  one  child,  Jessie  . 

George  Bagley,  a  native  of  London,  Englan  d 
was  born  March  17th.  1850.  At  the  age  of  two, 
he  moved  with  parents  to  Kingston,  Canada,  and 
settled  on  a  farm.  "When  seventeen,  he  began 
an  apprenticeship  at  the  confectioners"  trade  in 
London,  Canada,  and  served  three  years.  In 
1872  he  removed  to  Cliicago  where  he  worked  at 
his  trade  mitil  1878.  when  he  came  to  this  city, 
established  a  candy  manufactory,  and  has  since 
remained  m  that  business,  now  located  at  316 
Nicollet  Avenue.  He  married  Mary  Purge  of 
Chicago.  December  2oth.  1874.  They  have  one 
child.  Ettie  lola. 

Muier  Ball  was  bom  December  loth.  1838,  at 
Berne.  Albany  county,  New  York.  Remained 
on  farm  until  the  age  of  sixteen :  came  to  Min- 
nesota in  1857,  and  lived  at  Caledonia  one  year, 
thence  to  St.  Paul,  and  in  1859  engaged  in  mer- 
cantile business  at  Eockford.  Wright  county,  be_ 
ing  the  only  trader  there.  In  1861  sold  out  and 
came  to  Minneapolis  and  liought  a  photograph  I 
gallery  of  Charles  Bobinson,  and  conducted  it  un- 
til the  following  spring,  when  he  sold  out  aud 
moved  to  Lake  City  and  opened  the  ginseng  ' 
trade.  In  1863,  moved  to  Menomonee,  Dunn 
county,  Wisconsin,  and  run  a  livery  stable,  store 
and  farm  for  three  years.  Then  returned  to 
Eockford,  and  went  into  trade.  Built  a  saw  mill 
opposite  Greenwood  and  run  it  two  yeai-s ;  it 
burned  and  he  moved  to  Delano  and  built  the 
Delano  Flour  and  Saw  Mills:  remained  thereun- 
til 1879,  and  was  foremost  in  building  up  the 
town.    Came  to  Minneapolis  in  November,  1879, 


and  entered  into  real  estate  and  commission 
business.  In  1880,  sold  his  Delano  property  and 
in  the  fall  opened  a  real  estate  office  in  the  Clark 
House.  Was  married  February  18th,  1862,  to 
Miss  Kate  P.  Powers,  of  Greenwood.  Their 
children  are  Willie  F.,  Robert  Leslie,  Ruth  A., 
Frank  P..  and  Firman  G.  Mrs.  Ball  died  De- 
cember 17th.  1875.  and  Mr.  Ball  married  for  his 
second  wife  Mrs.  Sallie  W.  Jackson,  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, July  16th,  1879.  She  had  one  daughter, 
Viola  Jackson. 

Daniel  R.  Barber  was  bom  at  Benson.  "\'er- 
mont,  in  1818,  lived  with  his  father  on  the  farm 
mitil  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age.  when  he 
embarked  in  mercantile  life,  which  he  followed 
for  thirteen  years,  twelve  of  which  he  was  post- 
master. In  1856  he  closed  his  business  m  Ben- 
son, and  came  West,  locating  at  the  then  small 
town  of  St.  Anthony  Falls.  For  several  years 
his  business  was  dealing  in  real  estate  and  loaning 
money,  large  sums  of  which  were  intrusted  to 
liim  by  Eastern  parties,  and  on  which  he  never 
met  with  a  loss.  He  assessed  the  town  and  city 
for  eleven  years,  and  was  once  census  enumerator. 
In  1872  he  bought  the  Cataract  Mill  idescriljed 
elsewhere  in  this  work),  which  he  has  operated 
successfully  since.  Mr.  Barber  was  married  in 
Febraary,  1845,  at  Orwell.  Vermont,  to  Miss  El- 
len L.  Bottum,  with  whom  he  has  since  lived. 
The  fruits  of  this  union  are:  JuUa  B.,  born  in 
May,  1846,  and  Edwin  R.,  born  in  November, 
1852.  In  August,  1865,  Miss  Julia  was  married 
to  J.  AVells  Gardner,  of  tliis  city,  who  died  in 
San  Francisco,  California,  in  1876.  Edwin  E. 
married  Miss  Hattie  E.  Sidle,  a  daughter  of  H. 
G.  Sidle,  banker,  in  October.  1873.  They  are 
now  living  at  41  South  Seventh  street.  Both 
Edwin  and  Mrs.  Gardner  are  partners  with  their 
father  in  the  mill.  After  the  death  of  Mr.  Gard- 
ner. 31r.  and  Mrs.  Barber  left  the  home  they  had 
built  up  and  occupied  for  twenty-one  years,  cor- 
ner Fourth  street  and  Second  Avenue  south,  and 
now  live  with  their  daughter  at  Second  Avenue 
south  between  Fourth  and  Fifth  streets. 

Ed.  C.  Barber  was  born  in  Franklin  county, 
Illinois.  June  1st,  1849.  and  was  brought  up  in 
his  native  state,  and  worked  four  years  in  the 
post-office  at  Cairo  ;  also  engaged  as  mail  agent 
on  mail  train  for  eight  years.  After  some  time 
spent  in  various  other  pursuits,  he  came  to  Min- 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


507 


neapolis  in  July,  1880,  and  started  a  meat-market 
at  1224  Western  Avenue.  Married  in  1871.  Pres- 
ent family,  wife  and  one  boy. 

Charles  S.  Bardwell  was  born  iu  llampsliire 
county,  Massachusetts,  November  19th,  1836. 
Lived  witli  liis  parents  on  the  farm  until  the  age 
of  eigliteen,  when  lie  came  to  St.  Paul,  Minneso- 
ta, and  at  once  went  to  work  in  a  sash  factory, 
remaining  but  a  few  montlis  ;  tlien  went  to  Ex- 
celsior, and  engaged  in  carpentering  until  1863. 
Enlisted  the  following  fall  in  the  Second  Minne- 
sota Cavalry,  serving  two  years  and  one  month. 
Was  on  the  frontier  among  the  Indians,  near  the 
Bad  Lands,  and  engaged  in  numerous  contliets 
with  the  red-skins.  Was  discharged  in  the  fall  of 
1865,  and  returned  to  Minneapolis  and  engaged 
as  foreman  witl)  J.  Copelandand  Company,  in  the 
sash,  door  and  blind  business.  Kemained  with 
them  six  years.  In  the  fall  of  1872,  went  into 
business  with  L.  C.  Bisbee.  Sold  out  in  1875, 
and  moved  to  his  present  location.  Married  Miss 
Eliza  Green,  in  1858,  who  died  May  8tli,  1864. 
Mr.  Bardwell  has  one  son,  who  is  now  in  the  senior 
year  at  the  iniiversity.  In  1867  he  was  married 
again,  to  Miss  iSTettie  Jenks,  who  died  in  1872. 
They  had  one  child,  Lamont  J. 

D.  H.  Barker  was  born  in  Cumberland  county, 
Maine,  March  1st,  1844.  In  1862  he  located  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  engaged  in  the  limiber  busi- 
ness. Came  to  Minneapolis  in  1865,  and  followed 
lumbering  seven  years.  Started  a  meat  market 
and  route  in  1872,  on  Central  Avenue,  E.  D., 
where  he  continued  until  lie  was  burned  out,  in 
January,  1879.  Next  opened  at  his  present  loca- 
tion, where  he  is  doing  a  growing  business  in 
meats,  salt  and  fresh,  canned  goods,  fish  and  oys- 
ters, at  No.  717  Washington  Avenue  south.  Mar- 
ried in  1870,  to  Miss  Katie  Lammer.  They  have 
three  cliildren  :    Nettie,  Gracie,  and  Edna. 

S.  Barker,  burn  m  Ripley  county,  Indiana,  Au- 
gust 16th,  1844.  Came  to  this  city  in  1866,  and 
worked  four  years  in  a  saw-mill,  as  niillwriglit, 
and  has  assisted  in  building  nearly  all  the  mills 
in  the  city,  and  has  also  worked  at  repairing.  For 
the  past  three  and  a  half  years,  has  been  with 
Pillsbury  exclusively,  as  a  mill-wright.  Married 
Rachel  Jerman,  November  17th,  1868.  They 
have  three  children  :  Warren  E.,  William  E.,  and 
Mary. 

Jacob  Barge,  is  a  native  of  Germany,  born  in 


1839.  Established  business  in  Minneapolis  in 
1863.  First  year's  business  was  two  thousand 
dollars.  In  1880  it  amounted  to  thirty  thousand 
dollars.  Mr.  Barge  is  at  present  one  of  the  alder- 
men of  the  city.  Married  Miss  Louisa  Gessart. 
They  have  two  children:  Louisa  and  Emma. 

Thomas  G.  Barnard,  of  the  furniture  manufac- 
turuig  firm  of  Barnard  and  Cope,  was  born  in 
1826,  at  Charlotte  Town,  Prince  Edward  Island. 
Remauied  there  until  the  age  of  nineteen,  when 
he  went  to  Boston  and  learned  the  cabinet  ma- 
kers trade.  After  this,  worked  four  years  in  Bos- 
ton. Thence  to  Norway,  Oxford  county,  Maine, 
engaging  in  the  manufacture  of  furniture  for 
five  years.  Came  to  Minneapolis  in  1857,  and 
engaged  in  the  furniture  business.  His  ripe  ex- 
perience, covering  a  period  of  tliirty  years,  has 
made  his  present  establishment  one  of  the  insti- 
tutions of  the  city.  Mr.  Barnard  has  a  pleasant 
home  where  he  resides  with  his  family,  on  Tenth 
street,  corner  of  Mary  Place. 

E.  G.  Barnaby  was  born  in  Montreal,  Canada, 
in  1839.  He  remained  tliere  for  sixteen  years, 
then  he  moved  to  Chatham,  Canada  West,  where 
he  remained  till  1857,  thence  to  New  York  city, 
entering  the  mercantile  establisliment  of  Lord 
and  Taylor,  where  he  remained  until  1863.  He 
then  went  to  Memphis,  Tennessee,  engaging  in 
business  about  a  year.  During  the  same  year, 
took  charge  of  a  dry  goods  house  where  he  re- 
mained till  May,  1867,  and  then  started  a  gents" 
furnishing  store  under  the  Overton  Hotel,  and 
in  1872,  started  another  store  in  the  same  line, 
under  the  Peabody  Hotel.  He  continued  busi- 
ness till  1879,  wlien  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and 
opened  a  gents'  furnishing  store,  at  No.  2,  Nicol- 
let House  block.  Was  married  in  Brooklyn, 
New  York,  March,  1865,  to  Miss  Mary  Finley. 
They  have  three  children :  Carrie,  Minnie  A., 
and  Mary  B. 

John  T.  Barnum,  of  the  firm  of  P.aniiini  and 
Goodrich,  trunk  manufacturers,  was  born  at 
Rochester,  New  York,  JMareh  5th,  1857.  Re- 
ceived his  education  at  the  Rensselaer  Polytech- 
nic school,  Troy,  New  York,  in  1879  and  remained 
in  Rochester  one  year.  Came  to  ^linneapolis  in 
April  1880,  was  with  D.  D.  Whitney  in  his  trunk 
factory.  September  1st,  1880,  took  possession  of 
the  business  in  company  witli  Mr.  Goodrich. 

F.  C.   Barrows    was    born  in  Orino,   Maine, 


508 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


March  29th,  1832.  He  was  reared  in  the  lumber 
region  of  that  state;  after  reaching  manhood,  en- 
gaged in  that  business  until  1S55.  when  he  moved 
from  the  "Pine  Tree  State"  and  came  direct  to 
St.  Anthony.  He  at  once  entered  the  ranks  as  a 
lumberman,  firet  for  Dwight.  AVoodbury  and 
Company,  in  building  a  mill  and  dam  at  St.Fran- 
cis,  above  Anoka,  on  the  Rum  river.  In  1868  he 
formed  a  partnership  with  Jonathan  Chase,  in 
the  winter  of  1869-"70,  he  and  his  brother  be- 
came partners,  the  firm  known  as  "  Barrows 
Bros."  For  several  years  they  did  job  work  for 
J.  Dean  and  Company,  during  which  time  they 
accumulated  quite  a  stock  of  logs,  which  they 
were  two  years  in  converting  into  lumber.  In 
March,  1878,  he  entered  the  firm  of  which  he  is 
now  a  member.  Merriman,  Barrows  and  Company. 
He  was  married  to  ^liss  Sarah  J.  Swain,  at  Min- 
neapolis, October  2.5th,  1864.  They  have  had 
five  childi-en:  four  of  whom  are  now  living:  Nellie. 
Freddie.  Harry,  and  Frankie.  Mrs.  Barrows 
died  in  March.  1873.  He  remained  a  widower 
initil  March,  1877,  when  he  was  imited  to  Mrs. 
Sadie  E.  Jones,  of  Stillwater. 

W.  yi.  Barrows.  lx)rn  at  Augusta.  Maine.  Sep- 
tember 1st,  1830,  moved  with  his  parents  to  Orino, 
MUford  and  Lincoln,  finally  to  Chester,  where  he 
remained  till  18.5-5.  following  lumbering.  ]SIoved 
to  Old  Town,  and  remained  till  tlie  fall  of  18-56 ; 
came  to  St.  Anthony  and  for  seven  years  worked 
in  the  woods  wintere  and  on  the  river  sum- 
mere.  Run  a  freiglit  train  from  St.  Anthony  to 
St.  Paul  from  1863  to  186-5.  In  the  fall  of  1865 
started  the  lumber  business  with  a  Mv.  Spafford, 
under  the  firm  name  of  Barrows  and  Spafford  for 
one  year,  then  alone  for  one  year.  In  the  fall  of 
1867  took  as  partner  Andrew  Hall,  for  one  year. 
Fall  of  1868  the  firm  of  Barrows  Brothere  was 
formed.  Married  Xancy  Fernold.  July  3d.  18-55. 
They  have  six  children.  WiUiam  H.,  Melvin  P., 
Wyley  R.,  Lydia  F..  Eddie  P.  and  Jessie. 

C.  H.  Bates,  was  born  at  Cohasset,  Massachu- 
setts, November  26th,  18.52.  He  was  educated 
principally  at  Boston,  Massachusetts,  also  studied 
dentistrj-  in  the  same  place  and  practiced  his  pro- 
fession there.  Has  practiced  dentistry  eight  years. 
Came  to  Minneapolis  in  May,  1880.  and  is  now 
permanently  located  at  327  Nicollet  Avenue. 
Family  consists  of  himself  and  wife. 

John  W.  Bates  was  bom  in  Brattleboro,  Ver- 


mont, January  5th,  1849,  where  he  lived  for  four 
yeare,  then  moved  with  parents  to  Troy,  New 
York,  and  remained  about  two  years.  In  1855, 
came  to  ^Mimiesota  with  his  mother  and  settled 
in  St.  Anthony.  From  1868  to  1873  taught  school 
in  Henry  county,  Illinois,  and  from  1873  to  1877 
engaged  in  coopering  at  St.  Joseph,  Missomi- 
Returned  to  Minnesota,  and  in  August,  1879,  he 
was  appointed  on  the  poUce  force,  which  position 
he  has  since  held.  His  mother  died  ui  1873  in 
this  city. 

A.  L.  Bausman  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
March  2oth,  1834.  Educated  at  Pittsburg  and 
stodied  dentistry  at  the  same  place  for  three 
years.  Came  to  Minneapolis  in  1856,  and  has 
been  in  continuous  practice  of  his  profession 
since.  The  doctor  is  the  oldest  dentist  in  prac- 
tice in  the  city.  "Was  married  to  Miss  Fannie  R. 
Abraham,  of  Minneapolis,  November,  1863;  she 
died  in  1876.  Married  again,  January.  1879.  to 
Rebecca  Fenby,  of  St.  Louis.  They  have  three 
children — Bertha,  George  and  Fenby. 

John  Bayer,  proprietor  of  Bayer's  hotel,  located 
at  109  First  street  north.  Mr.  Bayer,  was  born 
in  Germany,  in  1831;  came  to  America  m  18.54; 
came  to  Minnesota  in  May,  1855,  and  located 
in  Scott  county,  where  he  remained  for  ttaee 
years,  thence  to  Wisconsin  and  lived  three  years. 
In  1861,  enlisted  in  the  First  Minnesota  Regi- 
ment Volunteers;  served  three  years,  when  he  re- 
turned to  Scott  county,  and  remained  until  the 
spring  of  1865,  when  he  came  to  Minneapolis. 
Married  Annie  Berndgen,  July  21st,  1865.  They 
have  five  children;  .lohn  R.  H..  Lucy.  George  G., 
Anthony  M..  and  Frank  X.  M. 

James  Baxter,  firm  of  Downs  and  Baxter,  was 
born  in  "Westmoreland,  England.  August  10th, 
1835.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  commenced  the 
trade  of  stone  cutter  and  mason;  came  to  Ame- 
rica in  1854,  and  finished  his  trade  hi  Chicago, 
where  he  remained  until  1857,  when  he  came  to 
St.  Paul.  In  18.59.  went  to  Carrollton.  Indiana, 
where  he  was  employed  as  foreman  for  quarries 
and  cut  stone  used  in  the  Portland  locks,  for  Bar- 
ton, Robinson  and  Company,  contractors  for 
Louisville  and  Portland  canal  and  locks.  In 
1865,  came  to  ^MinneapoUs,  and  until  1877,  was 
employed  as  foreman  for  R.  B.  Langdon,  Sauls- 
paugh  and  Company,  St.  Anthony  Falls  Water- 
Power  Company,  and  othere,  also  took  some  con 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


509 


tracts  on  his  own  account.  Was  married  at  St. 
Antliony,  November  2d,  1859,  to  Miss  Catlierine 
Ryan,  of  St.  Paul.  They  have  five  children  liv- 
ing; William  C,  Mary,  Bridget,  Eleanor  and  Cath- 
erine. 

J.  Flanders  Beaumont,  eye  and  ear  surgeon, 
was  born  in  Freeport,  Illinois,  March  29th,  1859; 
educated  at  Freeport  and  Montrose,  Illinois,  and 
at  Princeton  college.  First  studied  medicine 
with  his  father  Dr.  J.  H.  Beaumont,  and  Dr. 
Constantine  Ilering,  of  Philadelphia,  Pennsylva- 
nia. Graduated  from  the  Hahnemann  Medical  Col- 
lege, of  Philadelphia  in  1876,  with  the  degree  of 
M.  D.  He  next  entered  the  New  York  Ophtlial- 
mie  Hospital  and  studied  diseases  of  the  eye  and 
ear,  was  afterwards  assistant  sm'geon  in  the  same 
hospital.  Was  also  an  attending  physician  of  the 
New  York  Homeopathic  Dispensary.  He  came 
to  Minneapolis  in  August,  1880,  and  conflnes  his 
practice  solely  to  the  treatment  of  eye  and  ear 
diseases  ;  is  a  member  of  the  American  Oplithal- 
mological  and  Otological  Societies;  Illinois 
Homeopatic  Association,  and  Hennepin  coimty 
Homeopatic  Society.  Dr.  Beaumont  was  mar- 
rieg  in  1878  to  Miss  Ella  Jenifer,  of  Chicuinati, 
Ohio.    Thev  have  one  child;  Alice  J. 

Franklin  Beebe,  of  the  law  firm  of  Beebe 
&Rossman,  112  Hennepin  Avenue,  was  born  at 
Lincklaen,  Chenango  county,  New  York,  October 
28th,  182-5.  Remained  with  parents  until  1843, 
attending  Oxford  and  DeRuyter  Academies. 
He  then  entered  the  State  Normal  School  at  Al- 
bany, New  York,  and  in  1848  began  the  study  of 
law  at  Ti'uxtou,  with  Alanson  Coats,  and  finished 
in  the  office  of  John  Waite  at  Norwich,  New 
York.  Was  admitted  to  practice  in  1851,  and 
formed  a  partnership  with  John  Waite,  and 
practiced  law  at  Norwich,  until  the  fall  of  1855, 
when  he  came  West  and  located  at  Minneapolis 
in  1856.  Opened  an  office  near  the  old  land  otHce, 
and  soon  after  removed  to  the  building  then 
owned  by  T.  Chambers,  near  the  suspension 
bridge.  Has  since  been  elected  three  times  to 
the  office  of  probate  judge,  in  the  meantime  fol- 
lowing his  profession.  The  present  firm  was 
formed  in  the  fall  of  1879,  and  is  a  successful 
one.  Was  married  first  in  Norwich,  New  York, 
April,  1858,  to  Miss  Lavlnia,  daughter  of  Dr. 
James  Thompson,  of  that  city,  who  died  January 
13th,  1868,  leaving  two  daughters  now  living — 


Mary  Frances  and  Harriet  Lavinia.  Mr.  Beebe 
was  married  again  to  Dora  H.,  daughter  of  D. 
G.  Thompson,  of  North  Warmouth,  Maine. 
They  have  one  child  now  living — Daniel  G. 

Alonzo  H.  Beal  was  born  in  Saco,  York  county, 
Maine,  July  10th,  1833.  When  fourteen  years  of 
age  he  began  studying  photography,  but  left  that 
business  and  went  to  Buffalo  in  1852,  engaging 
in  the  furnishing  business  two  years.  In  1854  he 
returned  to  ^Nlaine,  as  a  photographer,  and  has 
continued  as  such  ever  since.  In  April,  1855,  he 
was  married  to  Ruth  Clark,  of  HolUs,  Maine. 
They  have  two  children,  Eugene  and  Charles. 
Mr.  Beal  moved  to  Boston,  in  1857,  thence  to  St. 
Anthony  Falls  in  1860.  After  having  made  sev- 
eral attempts  to  get  a  fine  gallery,  each  of  which 
was  destroyed  by  fire,  he  finally  established  him- 
self at  No.  18  South  Fourth- street,  where  he  lias 
since  remained  and  prospered. 

Jacob  Becker  was  bom  in  Stark  county,  Ohio, 
November  18th,  1841,  and  was  married  to  Eliza- 
beth Moarls,  in  1867.  They  have  had  five  child- 
ren, three  of  whom  are  living — Mary,  Anna  and 
Ida.  Mr.  Becker  enlisted  in  1861  in  the  One 
Hundred  and  Seventh  Ohio  volunteers.  He 
served  one  year  only,  and  removed  from  Wooster, 
Wayne  county,  where  he  at  that  time  lived,  to 
Milwaukee,  Wisconsin;  thence  to  Winona,  St. 
Louis  and  Minneapolis.  Here  he  erected,  in  1873, 
the  Island  Saloon,  and  has  since  been  proprietor. 

S.  N.  Bell  is  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  was  born 
January  4th,  1831.  He  married,  in  1854,  Rosetta 
Bowers,  of  New  York.  They  have  six  children: 
Minnie,  Eva,  Carrie,  Milton,  Grant  and  Colfax. 
He  lived  in  Racine,  Wisconsin,  a  number  of  years, 
engaging  in  farming  while  there;  also  after  re- 
moving to  Faribault  county,  Minnesota.  In 
1875,  he  engaged  in  the  grocery  business  in  Mm- 
neapolis,  416  Nicollet  Avenue,  where  he  is  still 
found. 

Karl  Bendeke,  a  native  of  Norway,  was  born 
April  21st,  1841-  After  graduating  from  the 
medical  school  of  Christiana,  Norway,  in  1865.  he 
came  to  the  United  States,  1867.  At  Chicago  he 
again  graduated  from  the  medical  college  in  1869, 
and  practiced  in  that  city  until  he  removed  to 
Rushford,  Minnesota,  in  1870.  He  practiced 
there  five  years  then  came  to  Minneapolis.  He 
was  married  to  Josepliine  Fanske,  from  Bergen. 
Norway,  in  1869. 


510 


HISTOBY  OF  EEXyEPIN  COUNTY. 


F.  Benjamin  was  bom  in  Connecticut  in  1839, 
and  at  tlie  age  of  twenty-two  went  to  California  and 
engaged  in  mining  for  two  yeare,  wlien  he  re- 
turned to  Connecticut.  In  1874  he  came  to  Min- 
neapolis and  opened  a  saloon.  He  and  Ella  M. 
Spaulding  were  married  in  1872.  Their  children 
are  Frederick  and  (Jracie. 

C.  Henr>-  Benton,  of  the  firm  of  Benton.  Ben- 
ton and  Roberts,  attorneys  at  law,  was  bom  at 
Lunenburgh.  Essex  county,  Vermont,  in  1841- 
His  parents  and  family  moved  to  Guildhall,  Ver- 
mont, and  the  same  year  his  father  came  west  to 
secure  a  home,  but  soon  died  at  Rockford,  Il- 
linois. In  1860,  C.  H.  entered  the  Vermont 
University  at  Burhngton,  and  in  1861  enlisted  in 
the  Fifth  Vennont  volmiteers,  being  promoted 
to  first  lieutenant  and  mustered  out  September 
19th.  1864.  Soon  after,  lie  entered  the  Albany 
law  scliool.  from  which  he  graduated  in  1866  and 
commenced  practicing  in  Troy,  Vermont.  He 
married  Miss  Flora  Hadley,  who  died  in  1869. 
Two  years  later  Mr.  Benton  came  to  Mmneapo- 
lis,  where  he  was  mamed  to  Jeanette  Graham  of 
this  city,  who  bore  him  two  children,  Christine 
and  Harry. 

Webster  Benner  was  bom  in  Lmcoln  coimt}% 
Maine.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1870  and  was 
in  the  drug  business  until  1880.  when  he  origin- 
ated the  Minneapolis  Soap  Works.  He  has  a 
partner  in  business,  the  firm  name  being  Pomeroy 
and  Benner.  They  make  shipments  throughout 
the  north-west.  ilr.  Benner  was  married  in 
Mauie,  and  has  one  son  li\'ing  at  AValdboro,  Lin- 
coln county. 

Col.  R.  C.  Benton  was  bom  at  Waterford,  Cale- 
donia county,  "\'ermont.  May  13th,  1830.  At 
twenty-one  he  entered  the  University  of  Ver- 
mont, and  gi-aduated  with  the  class  of  1854.  He 
taught  school  at  .Johnson.  '\'ermont.  two  years 
and  was  there  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1856.  He 
practiced  law  until  1861,  when  he  entered  the 
army  as  captain  of  com)iany"D."  Fifth  Vermont 
infantry.  In  1862  he  was  promoted  to  the  office 
of  lieutenant  colonel  of  the  Eleventh  ^'ermont  and 
remained  in  service  until  1864.  He  participated 
in  some  of  the  principal  battles,  beuig  wounded 
Jmie  9th,  at  the  battle  of  Savage  Station.  After 
the  war  he  returned  to  "N'ermont  and  again  prac- 
ticed his  profession.  In  1867  he  removed  to  St. 
Albans,Vermont,  andiu  1875  located  in  Minneapo- 


lis. He  was  assistant  secretary  of  Vermont  state 
senate  in  1856-"57,  count}'  attorney  of  Lamoille 
county  in  1860-"61.  and  a  member  of  A'ermont 
state  board  of  education  in  1874.  He  married 
Miss  Sara  Leland  in  1856.  Their  children  are, 
Lucy  and  ilary.    Two  children  have  died. 

S.  J.  Bennett,  born  at  ^Mineral  Point.  Wiscon- 
sin. He  lived  at  that  place  until  sixteen  years  of 
age,  when  he  went  to  Colorado.  After  spending 
three  years  there  he  returned  to  Wisconsin ; 
thence  to  ^linnesota.  and  in  1874  settled  in  ^lin- 
neapolis,  engaging  in  the  coopering  business.  He 
married  Nancy  King,  in  1872.  Enlisted,  in  Au- 
gust. 1862.  in  the  Twenty-first  Wisconsin,  served 
one  year,  and  was  discharged  for  disaliility. 

A.  Bermann  is  a  Russian  by  birth,  and  was 
bom  May  29th.  1853.  He  came  to  Minneapolis 
in  November.  1879.  and  was  engaged  in  peddluig 
imtil  1880,  when  he  became  a  partner  of  L.  Blou- 
stein.  They  are  now  knoii\Ti  as  the  firm  of  Ber- 
mann and  Bloustein.  and  deal  in  new  and  second- 
hand goods.    He  was  married  October  10th.  1877. 

A.  C.  Berry,  captain  of  police.  v\as  born  Feb- 
ruarj-  21st.  1830,  at  Pittsfield  Maine.  He  settled 
in  Minneapolis  in  1S66.  and  being  a  carpenter,  at 
once  commenced  that  business,  and  continued  in 
it  until  appointed  on  the  police  force,  in  1867. 
Since  his  promotion  to  the  rank  of  captain,  in 
1877.  he  has  discharged  his  duties  with  credit  to 
himself  and  to  the  general  satisfaction  of  the 
force  at  his  command.  He  was  married  in  Pe- 
nobscot county,  Elaine,  to  Jennie  ;M.  Whitcomb, 
November  30th  1854.  Their  two  children,  Ida 
and  Charles,  have  died. 

Herman  Bidwell  was  born  in  New  York.  March 
2d,  1851.  He  commenced  in  the  milling  business 
at  Galesville,  AVisconsin,  in  1870,  and  remained 
there  five  years ;  then  removed  to  La  Crosse,  re- 
maining four  years.  He  became  a  resident  of 
Minneapolis  in  July,  1879,  and  and  has  since  been 
engaged  in  milling.  His  marriage  with  Lue  Cur- 
tis, occurred  November  7th,  1875.  They  are  the 
parents  of  one  child.  Julia. 

John  BeiTy,  deceased,one  of  the  pioneers  of  Hen- 
nepin county,  was  bom  in  Buxton  Maine,  in  1801. 
Was  engaged  in  farming  and  carpenter  work  until 
he  came  to  St.  Anthony,  in  1851,  and  has  followed 
farming  most  of  the  time  since.  He  was  the  first 
man  to  raise  a  crop  on  the  west  side.  Iraving  made 
a  claim  on  section  "31,  east  of  Cedar  Lake,  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


511 


April,  1851,  and  resided  there  until  1857,  since 
which  time  he  has  lived  in  the  city.  Mr.  Berry 
fell,  while  engaged  in  carpenter  work  at  Bangor, 
Maine,  and  shattered  his  right  arm,  and  by  a 
similar  accident,  twelve  years  since,  his  right  leg 
was  hijured.  He  married  Hannah  Bunker,  Feb- 
ruary 12th,  1826.  The  children  living  are  :  ^Irs. 
W.  A.  Kowell,  of  this  city,  Mrs.  D.  L.  Paine  of  In- 
dianapolis, Iniliana,  and  JSIark  T.,  surveyor  and 
superintendent  for  Dean  and  Harrison.  Mrs  Ber- 
ry died  April  23d,  1879.  Mr.  Berry  lived  with 
his  son,  Mark  T.,  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  April,  1881. 

Prederick  G.  Berry  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  Ilen- 
nepui  county,  Minnesota,  in  1857.  At  the  age  of 
sixteen  he  commenced  teaching.  He  entered  the 
State  University  of  Minnesota  in  1874,  and  grad- 
uated after  a  six  years'  course.  In  July,  1880, 
same  year,  he  was  taken  as  book-keeper  in  the 
money  order  department  of  the  Minneapolis  post- 
office.  He  commenced  studying  law,  in  the 
office  of  Morrison  and  Fitch,  in  September,  1880. 

Jonathan  C.  Berry  was  born  and  lived  in  Bux- 
ton, York  county,  Maine,  until  twelve  yjearsof  age' 
when  he  removed  to  Grove,  Allegany  comity' 
New  York,  and  learned  blacksmith ing.  He  spen^. 
six  years  in  the  Galena,  Illinois,  lead  mines  ;  then 
stalled  for  California,  with  team  and  wagon,  in 
1852,  and  succeeded  in  reachmg  there  August 
27th.  He  engaged  in  teaming  and  mining  until 
1854.  During  that  year  he  bought  and  run  the 
first  threshing  machine  in  the  state.  He  came  to 
St.  Anthony  in  1855,  and  purchased  an  interest  in 
a  plow  factory  and  made  the  first  plow  manufac- 
tured in  the  state.  He  was  married  at  White 
Oak  Springs,  Wisconsin,  in  1858,  to  Miss  Amanda 
Beck  with,  who  was  bom  at  Noblesville,  Indiana. 
They  have  two  children  :  Frank  and  Flora. 

E.  L.  Bidwell,  of  the  firm  of  Bidwell  and  Com- 
pany, is  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  and  was 
born  March  15th,  1856.  He  became  a  resident  of 
Nortlifield,  Minnesota,  in  1859,  where  he  re- 
mained six  years ;  then  came  to  Minneapolis, 
where  he  received  his  education,  and  has  since 
resided. 

G.  W.  Bigby  was  Ixmi  in  Pennsylvania,  in  1845, 
and  in  early  life  learned  the  carpenter's  trade 
with  his  father.  He  came  to  Minnesota  in  1857, 
and  settled  in  Freeborn  county,  where  he  re- 
mained until  July,  1880,  when  he  became  a  citizen 


of  Minneapolis.  He  has  worked  at  his  trade 
many  years,  and  is  well  established  as  a  contract- 
or, builder,  and  cabinet-maker. 

L.  Biggs  was  born  in  Maryland,  February  15th, 
1836.  He  learned  his  trade  as  mill-wright  at 
home,  then  removed  to  Indiana,  wliere  he  spent 
ten  years.  He  was  wedded  to  Mary  J.  Lynn  in 
1863,  who  bore  him  two  children,  Elma  and  Ro- 
land. His  wife  died  in  August,  1870.  After  re- 
maining a  widower  seven  years,  he  married  Annie 
Byers.  They  have  one  child,  Mabel.  Mr.  Biggs 
came  to  Minneapolis  in  1871.  He  was  one  of 
those  who  assisted  in  liuilding  the  old  "A"  mill, 
and  helped  to  rebuild  the  old  "  B  "  mill.  He  has 
been  in  the  employ  of  Washburn  and  Company 
during  the  nine  years  of  his  citizenship. 

J.  W.  Birdwell  was  born  Seiiteniber  10th.  1838, 
at  Tuscumbia,  ^Vlabama.  He  moved  to  Minnea- 
polis in  1871,  and  has  remained  here  since.  At 
the  first  call  for  volunteers  he  enlisted,  and  served 
in  the  war  luitil  mustered  out  at  Trenton,  Ten- 
nessee, in  1863.  He  was  married,  on  his  return 
to  Julia  Clift,  of  Illinois.  She  has  borne  him 
one  child,  Josephine.  Mr.  Birdwell  is  the  Min- 
neapolis manager  of  the  business  of  the  Victor 
Wheat  Heater  Company. 

Hon.  David  Blakeley,  manager  of  the  Trib- 
une, was  born  in  Franklin  county,  Vermont,  in 
1834.  The  family  moved  from  there  to  Syracuse, 
New  York,  in  1838,  where,  at  the  age  of  thirteen, 
he  entered  the  jirinting  office  of  the  Daily  Star. 
In  that  offlce  and  that  of  the  Journal,  he 
thoroughly  mastered  the  typographical  art. 
After  conipletiug  his  apprenticeshii).  returned  to 
Vermont  and  devoted  five  years  to  study.  In 
1857,  he  left  the  University  of  Vermont,  and 
came  to  Minnesota,  where  he  entered  the  profes- 
sion of  journalism,  starting  three  newspapers. 
In  1860,  was  elected  chief  clerk  in  tlie  house  of 
representatives,  and  re-elected  the  following  year. 
He  was  then  appointed  superintendent  of  public 
instruction  by  Governor  Ramsey,  and  at  expira- 
tion of  term,  was  returned  to  the  office  by  elec- 
tion. He  contributed  largely  to  the  organization 
of  the  common  school  system  of  Minnesota. 
In  1805,  he,  with  his  brother,  ilajor  C.  II.  Blake- 
ley, purchased  the  Chicago  Evening  Post  and 
took  editorial  charge  of  that  paper,  remaining 
until  April,  1874,  when  he  disposed  of  his  inter- 
est m  the  Evening  Post  and  succeeded  to  the  ed- 


512 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


itx)rship  of  the  St.  Paul  Pioneer.  One  year 
later,  he  conceived  the  idea  of  consolidating  the 
Pioneer  and  the  Press,  which  was  soon  ac- 
complished, and  during  his  service  with  the  con- 
solidated Pioneer  Press,  was  jointly,  \\-ith  Mr. 
Wheelock.  in  editorial  cliarge  of  the  paper.  The 
ilinneapolis  Tribune,  having  subsequently  been 
added,  Mr.  Blakeley  removed  to  Minneapolis, 
tlie  better  to  represent  the  journal  in  this  city. 
Finally  becoming  convinced  that  there  was  a  fine 
future  for  journalism  in  Minneapolis,  he  severed, 
his  connection  with  the  St.  Paul  establishment 
entirely,  and  taking  the  Minneapolis  Evening 
Tribune  in  charge,  he  has  maintained  his  relations 
with  that  journal  since.  On  ^lay  11th,  1880,  in 
company  with  Gen.  A.  B.  Xettleton,  he  estab- 
lished the  Morning  Tribune,  thereby,  giving  to 
Minneapolis,  a  first-class  metropolitan  journal,  of 
which  her  citizens  have  had  every  reason  to  be 
proud. 

L.  y.  X.  Blakeman,  who  is  a  native  of  Xew 
York  city,  came  to  this  place  in  1S69,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  until  1874. 
when  he  became  a  partner  of  G.  Menzel,  in  the 
foundry  business. 

William  Blakeman ,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of 
this  locality,  was  born  in  Prussia,  April  IStb,  1828. 
He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1848,  and  set- 
tled m  La  Fayette,  Indiana,  where  he  engaged  in 
upholstering  and  carriage  trimming  until  1856, 
when  he  removed  to  Saint  Anthony.  He  was 
the  first  upholsterer  here.  He  retired  from  la- 
bor in  1808,  and  has  since  lived  on  the  fruits  of 
his  industry.  He  manied  Magdalme  Kretz,  of 
Germany.  They  have  five  chikhen  living;  Mary, 
Lizzie,  Frank.  Charles,  and  Fred. 

Adolph  Blitz,  M.  D..  was  born  in  Prussia, 
February  IWh,  1845.  He  moved  to  America  in 
1864,  and  studied  medicine  at  the  Cincinnati  Col- 
lege of  Medicine  and  Surgery.  From  this  insti- 
tution he  graduated  in  1873.  He  removed  to 
Nashville.  Tennessee,  in  May,  1874.  and  while 
there  he  became  a  member  of  the  Xashville  Med- 
ical Society,  Davidson  County  Medical  Society, 
and  Tennessee  State  Medical  Society.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  American  Medical  Association, 
International  Medical.  Ophthalmological  and  Ot- 
ological  Congiess;  in  Marcli,  1877,  Doctor  Blitz 
in  company  with  others,  founded  the  Xashville 
Medical  College,   which  afterward  became  the 


medical  department  of  the  Univereity  of  Ten- 
nessee. On  account  of  failing  health,  he  re- 
signed his  position  and  removed  to  ^Slunieapolis 
in  1880.  Doctor  Blitz  was  married  in  1877.  to 
Aima  D.  Wicks,  of  Xew  Bedford,  Massacliusetts. 
They  have  two  daughters;  Xellie  and  Bertha. 

J.  W.  Blood,  was  bom  March  16th,  1845,  at 
Boston.  Massachusetts.  He  moved  with  his  pa- 
rents to  .Janesville,  Wisconsin,  in  18.55.  He  re- 
ceived an  academic  education  at  Milton,  Wiscon- 
sin, and  at  Chicago,  where  he  learned  the  trade 
of  machinist.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1874, 
and  has  been  engaged  as  foreman  in  the  machine 
shops  of  the  Harvester  Works  since.  He  was 
married  to  Miss  E.  W.  Cragg,  of  Cincinnati,  in 
1874.     They  have  one  child;  Meda. 

L.  Bloustein,  of  the  firm  of  Bermann  and  Blou- 
stem,  was  bom  in  Poland,  1839.  His  early  life 
%\  as  spent  in  Scotland,  and  a  few  years  later  he  be- 
gan business  in  England.  In  1879  he  came  to 
America,  and  the  next  year  took  as  a  partner, 
Mr.  A.  Bermann.  Tliey  now  deal  in  gents"  fm-- 
nishing  goods,  and  have  a  large  stock. 

C.  N.  Boardman,  dentist,  was  bom  at  Water- 
loo, Yates  county,  Xew  York.  January  6th,  1841. 
He  was  educated  principally  at  Blount  Yernon, 
and  studied  dentistry  at  Cincinnati  four  years. 
He  commenced  his  practice  in  Columbus,  Indi- 
ana. Coming  to  Minneapolis,  in  1872,  he  at  once 
established  himself  as  a  dentist,  and  has  been  in 
continuous  practice  here  since.  ^liss  Elizabeth 
LeDuc  of  this  city  became  his  wife  in  1874. 

W.  ^I.  Boardman.  was  born  at  Rochester.  Xew 
York,  October  4th,  1857.  During  early  Ufe  he 
lived  on  a  farm,  later  he  was  engaged  in  the  gro- 
cery business.  In  1876,  lie  came  to  this  city  and 
opened  a  restaurant,  ilr.  ^I.  C.  Tate  joined  him 
in  this  business  in  October.  1880.  when  they 
bought  the  restaiuant.  which  the\'  now  run  at 
214  Xicollet  Avenue.  He  married  Sarah  McCue, 
July  20th,  1880. 

A.  H.  Bode  was  born  in  Hanover,  Germany, 
in  1838.  He  came  to  America  and  located  at 
Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  m  1848,  and  attended  the 
public  schools  of  that  city  until  1853,  when  he 
entered  a  la-svy-er's  office.  In  the  summer  of  1855 
he  removed  to  ^Madison  and  went  to  work  for  the 
LaCrosse  and  Milwaukee  Railway  as  warehouse- 
man at  Richfield,  and  was  afterwards  agent  at 
Horicon  for  four  vears.      Returned  to  Milwau- 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


513 


kee,  and  in  1863,  went  into  the  Merchant's  bank. 
In  August,  1865,  he  came  to  Minnesota  as  gen- 
eral freight  and  ticket  agent  of  the  Miiniesota 
Centi-al  Railway,  and  after  its  purchase  by  the 
Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul,  remained  as  general 
agent  until  1871.  lie  was  then  engaged  with  a 
construction  company,  until  1873,  since  which 
time  he  has  been  with  the  Minneapolis  and  Saint 
Louis  Eailway.  lie  was  married  at  Iloricon, 
Wisconsin,  December  26th,  1858.  They  have 
eight  children:  Carrie  F.,  Addie  C,  Willie  F., 
Mabel,  Freddie  C,  Bessie  I.,  Grace  E.,  and  J. 
Henry. 

John  Bofferding,  one  of  the  early  settlers,  was 
born  in  Luxembourg,  August  29th,  1826.  lie  came 
to  the  United  States  in  1850,  and  settled  first  at 
Sauk  City,  Wisconsin.  In  1853  he  started  on  a 
prospecting  trip  which  ended  in  his  settling  in 
Minneapolis  in  1856.  Here  he  worked  at  his 
trade,  that  of  carpenter,  until  1875,  when  he  be- 
gan the  grocery  busuiess  and  has  since  continued 
it.  He  was  married  in  1862  to  Katrina  Frius,  of 
Germany,  who  bore  him  three  children.  Those 
living  are  Maggie  and  William. 

Nicholas  Bofferding,  brother  of  the  above,  and 
who  also  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1856,  was  born 
at  Luxembourg,  August21st,  1830.  He  worked  at 
at  the  carpenter  trade  heie  until  1875,  and  has 
since  worked  with  his  brother,  Mr.  John  Bofferd- 
ing. 

T.  M.  Bohan,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  born 
June  29tli,  1832.  He  came  to  the  United  Stales 
in  1848,  and  remained  in  New  York  one  year, 
then  removed  to  Milwaukee.  There  he  learned 
the  shoemaking  trade,  at  which  he  worked  until 
1855;  then  he  moved  to  St.  Anthony  and  opened 
a  shop  and  two  years  later  engaged  as  foreman 
for  Wensinger.  In  1877  Mr.  Bohan,  in  company 
with  J.  A.  Kennedy  started  in  the  boot  and  shoe 
trade.  One  year  later  Mr.  Kennedy  sold  his  in- 
terest to  Mr.  McNeice,  the  present  partner.  Mr. 
Bohan  was  married  to  Anna  Sliortell,  of  Milwau- 
kee, in  1857.  They  have  seven  children:  Mary, 
John,  Amiie,  Timothy,  Thomas,  James,  and 
Katie. 

George  F.  BoUier  was  born  in  Switzerland, 
June  18th,  1819.  He  learned  tlie  trade  of  shoe- 
maker in  his  native  country  and  worked  at  it  un- 
til 1856,  when  he  emigrated  to  the  United  States, 

coming  direct  to  St,  Anthony,  where  he  has  smce 
33 


resided.  In  1858  he  opened  a  boot  and  shoe  store 
and  has  added  to  his  stock  from  time  to  time. 
Mr.  Bollier  was  married  in  1856,  to  Sarah  Alle- 
mann,  of  Switzerland,  who  died  in  1864.  He  was 
manied  in  1866,  to  Paulina  Diedrich.  Their 
children  are:  William  and  Hattie. 

N.  H.  Bolton  was  born  ten  miles  south  of  Cleve- 
land, Ohio,  FeV>ruary  10th,  1839.  He  remained 
with  his  parents  until  twenty-seven  years  of  age 
and  there  acquired  a  knowledge  of  milling  and 
manufacturmg.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1872 
and  at  once  commenced  in  his  present  business, 
that  of  manufacturing  mill  machinery.  Mr.  Bol- 
ton was  married  in  1865  at  Farmington,  Wash- 
ington county,  Wisconsin,  to  Mary  L.  Norton ; 
have  had  three  children:  Celeste,  Gracie  and 
Ada. 

S.  Bonfoy  was  born  in  Montgomery  county, 
New  York,  m  1817.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he 
learned  the  wool-carding  business.  Fifteen  years 
later  he  went  to  Georgia,  remaining  at  Columbus 
eleven  years,  when  he  removed  to  Roswell,  Geor- 
gia. Here  he  was  engaged  as  superintendent  of 
a  wool  factory.  When  General  Sherman  passed 
through  on  his  march  to  the  sea,  the  factory  was 
burned.  He  removed  to  Indiana  and  remained 
nine  years.  In  1874  he  came  to  this  city  and 
again  engaged  in  the  wool-carding  business. 

Hon.  L.  Bostwick  "was  born  in  Toronto,  Cana 
da,  June,  1815.  He  moved  to  St.  Anthony,  ac- 
companied by  his  wife  and  daughters,  in  1850. 
The  year  following,  he  was  elected  justice  of  the 
peace,  which  office  he  held  until  1860.  He  was 
elected,  mider  very  peculiar  circumstances,  to  fill 
a  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation  of  I.  I. 
Lewis.  At  that  time  there  was  a  '-Maine  liquor 
law,"  luider  which  a  person  was  indicted  for 
opening  a  saloon  in  St.  Anthony,  and  the  case 
was  brought  before  Mr.  Lewis,  who  resigned 
rather  than  to  try  the  case.  In  1871,  Judge  Bost- 
wick decided  to  retii-e  from  active  life  and  enjoy 
the  fruits  of  his  labor.  He  has  been  one  of  the 
most  active  citizens  of  this  now  tlourisliing  me- 
tropolis, and  from  its  eailiest  growth  identified 
with  its  interests. 

Pierre  Bottineau,  was  born  January  1st,  1817, 
at  a  place  on  Turtle  river,  Dakota  Territory, 
once  called  Rats  Point,  but  afterwards  named 
Bottineau's  Point  from  its  being  the  residence  of 
his  father,  Joseph  Bottineau;  who  was  engaged 


514 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


with  the  Xorth-westem  Fur  Company.  The 
mother  of  Pierre  Bottineau,  was  a  native  of  the 
Ojibwa  tribe,  whose  father  was  a  captive  Dakota, 
and  mother  an  Ojibwa.  By  this  marriage  there 
were  several  children,  with  only  one  of  whom, 
Pierre,  we  have  to  do.  In  1816.  one  year-  before 
the  birth  of  Pierre,  hostilities  arose  betw^een  the 
Hudson  Bay  Company,  the  old  company  estab- 
Ushed  in  1670,  under  a  grant  by  Charles  II,  of 
England,  to  Prince  Rupert  and  others,  and  the 
Xorth-westerii  Company.  These  were  both  Eng- 
lish companies.  The  Red  River  settlement  was 
founded  by  Lord  Selkirk,  a  Scottish  peer  under  a 
grant  from  tlie  Hudson  Bay  Company.  The 
Xorth-western  Company,  whose  head-quarters 
were  Canada,  traded  by  the  way  of  the  lakes,  and 
had  virtually  pre-empted  tliis  territory  before  the 
Selkirk  colony  arrived  and  did  not  recognize  their 
claim  as  a  part  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company's 
territory  .as  this  company  had  never  before  extend- 
ed their  lines  so  far  south.  The  Hudson  Bay 
Company  transported  goods  Ijy  way  of  Hudson 
Bay.  After  the  establishment  of  the  Red  River 
settlement  in  181:2.  petty  strife  began,  which  in 
1816.  culminated  in  open  liostilities.  Lord  Sel- 
kirk had  demanded  troops  from  the  Governor 
General  for  the  protection  of  his  colony  without 
avail,  but  instead,  was  enjoined  against  repetition 
of  hostilities.  In  spite  of  this  uijunction  some 
more  blood  was  shed,  but  at  last,  as  neither  par- 
ty received  the  support  of  the  government,  an 
amalgamation  took  place,  and  the  united  company 
controUed  the  country.  In  consequence  of  these 
hostiUties,  the  httle  colony  of  Red  River  was 
greatly  weakened  by  emigration  to  the  territory 
of  the  United  States  and  Canada. 

Pierrie  Bottineau's  father  was  commanded  by 
the  North-western  Company  to  take  part  in  the 
struggle  but  he  absented  himself  on  one  of  his 
hunting  expeditions.  On  his  return  he  was  im- 
prisoned, but  owing  to  his  intluence  with  the 
tribe  from  which  he  had  taken  his  wife,  he  was 
soon  released,  as  woi'se  troubles  were  liable  to 
arise. 

Amid  these  busthng  scenes,  in  a  wild  country, 
among  Indians,  and  half-breeds  more  dangerous 
than  the  Indians  themselves.  Piene  Bottineau 
was  born.  He  was  early  trained  by  his  father 
for  the  hunt.  He  possessed  a  strong  frame  and 
rugged  constitution,  and  became  a  skiUful  horse- 


man, and  a  sure  marksman  with  a  rifle,  learning, 
as  well  as  inheriting  these  qualities  from  his 
father,  who  was  unsurpassed  in  the  chase.  His 
father  died  when  he  was  fourteen  years  of  age, 
and  LeCompte.  a  famous  guide,  but  lame  in  con- 
sequence of  an  injury,  pleased  with  the  early 
accomplishments  and  promise  of  the  boy,  took 
him  to  live  with  him.  promising  to  instruct  him 
in  the  mysteries  of  his  art.  LeCompte  was  at 
this  time  the  only  man  conversant  with  the 
country,  and  familiar  with  the  duties  of  a  guide. 
He  held  out  brilliant  prospects  of  high  wages, 
ending  in  a  fortmie,  especially  because  he  needed 
the  sure  foot,  strong  arm  and  quick  eye  of  this 
young  half-breed.  Durmg  the  years  1832-3 
Pierre  made  a  few  short  trips  m  company  with 
LeCompte,  carrying  messages  between  trading 
posts,  but  his  first  long  trip  was  in  1834,  at  the 
age  of  seventeen.  LeCompte  was  then  employed 
by  the  Hudson  Bay  Company  to  carry  messages 
and  the  mail  from  Fort  Garry  to  Fort  Snelling, 
and  Pierre  accompanied  liim.  They  started  the 
first  of  November  and  readied  their  destination 
December  27th.  Communication  was  difficult 
and  expensive,  and  sometimes  not  undertaken 
oftener  than  once  a  year.  They  went  down  on 
the  east  bank  of  the  Red  River,  and  after  eight 
days  reached  Red  Lake  river,  which  it  was  neces- 
sary for  them  to  cross,  though  now  very  high 
and  full  of  drifting  ice.  A  feeble  old  man  named 
Alard,  went  with  them,  and  a  pony  with  a  Red 
River  cart  earned  the  mail. baggage  and  pro\Tsions. 
A  raft  was  quickly  built  and  the  cart  and  its  con- 
tents were  safely  transferred  to  the  other  side  by 
Pierre  and  Alard.  They  next  returned  for  Le- 
Compte and  the  pony,  the  current  carrymg  them 
down  some  distance  at  each  crossing.  On  at- 
tempting to  cross  again,  with  all  hands  and  the 
pony,  their  clumsy  raft  foundered  on  a  stmnp, 
and  was  soon  piled  with  ice  so  that  the  upper  end 
was  submerged,  and  the  lower  end  stuck  up  at  a 
sharp  angle.  The  situation  was  critical  and 
promised  at  the  best,  a  cold  bath  to  all. 

Here  Pierre  proved  himself  equal  to  the  emer- 
gency, for  cutting  loose  a  few  pieces  of  timber  he 
secured  them  together  by  a  cord  made  of  buffalo 
liide,  and  making  his  two  companions  straddle 
the  logs,  since  neither  could  swim,  he  took  the 
chances  of  keeping  on  the  little  raft  and  poling  it 
to  shore.     It  floated,  however,  much  farther,  and 


BIOGBArHICAL. 


515 


struck  a  bend  in  the  river  that  was  frozen  over,  in 
consequence  of  there  being  less  current.  Here 
he  was  obliged  to  jump  on  the  ice,  after  securing 
a  long  cord  to  the  raft,  one  end  of  which  he  held 
in  his  hand.  The  ice  would  not  hold  the  weight 
of  a  man,  and  Pierre  went  in,  all  over,  in  very 
deep  water,  but  holding  fast  to  the  rope.  When 
he  came  up,  he  swam,  breaking  the  ice  before 
him,  to  the  shore,  and  hauled  his  companions 
after  him.  They  were  fortunate  in  having  dry 
suits  at  the  cart,  and  soon  were  all  right  in  dry 
clothing.  The  pony  was  rescued,  and  they 
started  again.  After  traveling  four  days  they 
reached  the  Wild  Kice  river,  and  crossed  the  ice 
and  encamped  near  its  bank.  By  some  means, 
here,  the  pony  who  had  escaped  narrowly  one 
danger  of  drowning,  got  into  this  stream  in  the 
night  and  was  drowned.  In  this  dilemma  it  was 
decided,  as  Alard  could  not  travel,  to  leave 
him  in  charge  of  the  cart  and  stuff  while  Le 
Compte  and  Pierre  went  on  to  Lac  Traverse,  a 
trading  post  of  the  American  Fur  Company,  in 
charge  of  Mr.  Moore.  The  journey,  it  was 
thought,  would  take  four  days.  Pierre  was  load- 
ed with  bedding  and  provisions  supposed  to  be 
sufficient  for  Le  Compte  and  himself  for  the  four 
days'  journey,  and  they  set  out.  The  lameness 
of  Le  Compte  and  the  burden  of  I'ierre  rendered 
traveling  slow,  but  it  proved  that  the  estimated 
distance  of  fifty  or  sixty  miles,  increastd  every 
day  they  traveled.  Le  Compte  seemed  not  to  be 
familiar  with  the  country  and  arriving  at  Goose 
river  he  called  it  the  Cheyenne  and  the  Elm  he 
supposed  the  Wild  Eice.  They  traveled  thus  for 
several  days  until  their  provisions  were  gone,  liop- 
mg  to  reach  the  Bois  des  Sioux,  where  Le  Compte 
declared  he  should  recognize  the  country.  On 
the  eighth  day  they  reached  this  river,  having  been 
already  four  days  without  food,  aiul  found  a  fresh 
Indian  trail  which  they  followed  to  the  camp. 
It  proved  to  be  the  camp  of  a  party  of  Sioux  num- 
bering ten  men  with  five  tepees.  The  strangers 
were  kindly  received  and  their  hunger  appeased 
by  a  repast  of  otter  and  skunk  meat.  The  next 
day  they  reached  the  trading  post  and  obtaining 
a  horse  and  man  returnt  d  for  Alard  and  their 
stuff.  The  old  man's  joy  cannot  be  described,  as 
the  twentieth  day  after  their  departure  he  saw 
them  returning.  He  had  improvised  a  sled  and 
loaded  it  with  blankets  and  provisions,  determin- 


ed to  start  the  next  day,  dragging  his  sled,  trust- 
ing to  a  good  fortune  to  take  him  to  some  habita- 
tion. After  staying  a  few  days  at  the  post,  Le 
Compte  bought  a  horse  of  Mr.  Moore  and  they 
proceeded  to  the  trading  post  of  Mr.  Renville  at 
Lac  qui  Parle  and  from  this  point  they  set  out 
for  Traverse  des  Sioux,  another  trading  post  dis- 
tant four  days  journey.  The  post  was  in  charge 
of  Mr.  Louis  Le  Blanc.  Alard  was  left  at  Lac 
Traverse  on  account  of  the  depth  of  snow  and  the 
difficulty  of  traveling.  Trouble  arose  again  in 
attemptiug  to  find  Traverse  des  Sioux  and  the  two 
companions  were  near  starving,  as  their  supplies 
had  given  out;  when,  fortunately,  a  coon  was 
killed  and  their  hunger  appeased.  After 
traveling  in  a  circuitous  route  for  several 
days  in  search  of  the  trading  post,  Pierre 
insisted  upon  taking  a  direct  course  for  Fort 
Snelling  or  as  near  direct  as  the  Minnesota  river 
would  conduct  them,  disregarding  Traverse  des 
Sioux  altogether.  It  is  a  difficult  matter  to  di- 
vert a  guide  from  an  old  route  but  at  last  the 
point  was  conceded  and  they  set  out.  On  the 
following  day  they  came  on  an  Indian  camp  and 
were  received  in  a  friendly  manner  and  directed 
on  their  way.  It  appeared  that  the  guide  was 
mistaken  in  reference  to  their  location  and  they 
soon  reached  Traverse  des  Sioux,  and  without 
further  accident  arrived  at  Fort  Snelling,  Decem- 
ber 28th,  1834. 

Among  those  whom  Pierre  met  at  the  Fort  at 
this  time  he  mentions  jNIr.  N.  W.  Kittson.  After 
spending  a  short  time  visiting  friends  and  rela- 
tions who  had  formerly  lived  at  Bed  Biver.  he  re- 
turned and  for  two  years  spent  his  time  trappuig 
in  the  winter  and  hunting  buffaloes  during  the 
summer.  Two  hunts  were  usually  made  each 
year,  one  in  the  early  summer  and  one  later,  about 
fall. 

The  outtit  for  these  hunts  was  as  follows:  each 
hunter  was  supplied  with  a  good  hunting  horse, 
gun  and  amnnuiitiou.  and  with  two  or  three  po- 
mes, drawing  each  a  Bed  Biver  cart.  The  latter 
were  used  to  carry  their  families  and  baggage,  as 
well  as  to  transport  the  results  of  the  chase. 
Frequently  these  hunting  parties  would  number 
several  hundred  hunters,  besides  their  families. 

After  reaching  the  hunting  grounds,  each  found 
occupation  in  killing  the  buffaloes,  dressing,  dry- 
ing, cooking  and  making  pemmican.    Pemmican 


516 


HISIOBT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


was  an  importaut  article  of  food  and  merchandise 
with  the  Hudson  Bay  Company  in  fuinisliing 
supplies  to  their  employees,  and  still  continues  to 
be  used.  It  was  made  in  the  following  manner. 
The  lean  buffalo  meat  was  cut  into  thin  strips,  and 
a  skillful  woman  would  cut  these  strips  round 
and  round,  making  them  quite  long.  These  were 
spread  in  the  sun  during  the  day.  and  gathered  at 
night  in  order  to  protect  them  from  rain  or  dew 
until  they  became  as  dry  as  a  bone.  They  were 
then  placed  over  the  fire  to  cook,  lifter  this  the 
meat  was  beaten  in  a  bufl'alo  hide  until  com- 
pletely pulverized,  when  it  was  mixed  with  melted 
fat  and  packed  in  skins  for  market.  The  lean 
and  fat  of  two  animals  is  condensed  in  one  sack 
of  pemmican.  Xo  salt  or  seasoning  was  used  in 
its  preparation,  but  properly  prepared  it  would 
never  spoil.  Besides  the  process  had  driven  out 
the  water  and  so  reduced  the  bulk  that  a  very 
little  would  satisfy  hiuiger  and  furnish  food 
in  the  most  condensed  form  for  long  journeys. 
When  the  carts  were  loaded  with  pemmican  and 
hides  the  party  returned  from  the  hunt.  En- 
counters with  hostUe  Indians,  and  accidents  fre- 
quently occun-ed  which  caused  much  danger  and 
risk. 

During  the  summer  of  lS3o  Pierre  made  a  trip 
to  Hudson  Bay  in  the  employ  of  the  Hudson  Bay 
Company,  and  again  the  next  summer  a  second 
trip.  It  will  give  some  idea  of  the  hardships  to 
which  voyageure  were  subject  if  we  state  here 
the  tests  to  which  they  were  subjected  before 
they  were  employed.  A  day  and  place  was  set 
for  those  who  desired  employment,  to  exliibit 
their  powers  of  endurance.  The  load  of  a  voyag- 
eur,  two  packages  weighing  about  one  hmidred 
pomids  each,  was  ready  and  the  man  who  could 
carry  the  load  to  a  certain  goal  and  return  with- 
out resting,  in  the  quickest  time,  was  counted  the 
best  man,  and  from  those  most  successful 
the  employees  were  chosen.  The  Hudson  Bay 
Company  were  haughty  and  overbearuig  to  the 
natives  and  half-breeds,  and  treated  them  as 
"comme  les  betes,"  while  the  policy  of  the  Ameri- 
can Fin-  Company  was  much  more  liberal.  This 
led  many  to  transfer  their  trade  to  the  American 
company. 

December  1st,  1836,  Pierre  Bottineau  married 
Genevieve  Larance,  daughter  of  John  Baptiste 
Larance,  a  farmer  of  the  Bed  River  settlement. 


A  few  months  after,  he  luidertook  the  memorable 
journey  across  the  plains,  as  guide  for  ^lartui 
McLeod.  and  two  companions,  Parys  and  Hayes, 
from  LaFourch,  Red  River  colony.  Territorj-  of 
Hudson  Bay,  to  Fort  Snelling.  The  time  esti- 
mated for  the  journey  was  twenty-five  days;  of 
this,  the  journey  to  Lac  Traverse  was  estimated 
at  fifteen  days,  and  the  remainder  of  the  journey 
ten  days.  The  time  consumed  was,  however, 
fifty  days,  and  two  of  the  party,  Messrs.  Parys 
and  Hayes,  perished  by  the  way.  The  indomi- 
table hardihood  of  Pierre  Bottineau,  alone, 
brought  ilr.  McLeod  and  himself  through.  They 
started  with  a  dog  traneau.  moccasins  and  snow- 
shoes.  The  deep  snow  and  the  inexperience  of 
the  part}-  retarded  their  progress. 

They  so  freqently  required  their  snow-shoes 
or  moccasins  loosened  or  tightened  that  the  pa- 
tience of  Bottineau  was  taxed  to  its  utmost,  and 
short  days"  journeys  were  accomplished.  This 
was,  however,  only  a  small  matter  compared  with 
the  trouble  that  followed.  Blizzards,  cold,  and 
want  of  food  finally  added  to  their  miseries,  untU 
Hayes  was  lost  in  a  storm  and  never  seen  again, 
and  Parys,  though  fo\uid.  was  in  such  a  frozen 
condition  as  to  compel  him  to  remaui  in  a  hut, 
carefully  built  and  provided  for  his  comfort,  imtU 
hoi-ses  could  be  sent  for  him  from  Lac  Traverse. 
"When  the  relief  party  arrived  they  found  proof 
that  death  had  ended  his  sufferings  soon  after 
their  departure.  Mr.  Parys  was  a  Polish  gentle- 
man who  had  sensed  under  Remarmo,  and  left 
his  country  after  the  fall  of  "Warsaw  to  avoid  the 
fury  of  the  Czar  Nicholas  I.  Mr.  Bottineau  and 
the  surviving  traveler,  Hon.  Martin  McLeod,  ar- 
rived in  safety  at  Fort  Snelling,  April  16th.  1S37. 
May  4th,  Bottineau  started  on  liis  return  on  horse- 
back, took  a  traveler  at  Lac  Travei-se,  and 
reached  the  Red  River  June  oth.  Spent  the  sum- 
mer and  winter  following,  m  the  usual  way,  himt- 
mg  and  trapping.  May,  1838,  he  rmdertook  his 
next  flip  across  the  plains  as  guide  for  a  large 
party,  consisting  of  forty  families,  Swiss.  French, 
and  Scotch.  This  trip  was  accomplished  without 
any  remarkable  mcident,  except  that  the  Indians 
along  their  route  became  somewhat  troublesome, 
and  it  was  necessary  to  court  their  good  will  by 
distributing  tobacco  and  flour  among  them  in 
passing  then  villages.  This  was  especially  true 
because  of  the  hostilifrs'  of  the  Sioux  toward  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


517 


Chippewas,  and  the  half-breeds  of  the  north  were 
associated  with  the  Chippewas.  Four  of  these 
Sioux  villages  were  passed  at  Lac  Traverse,  num- 
bering eiglity  or  ninety  braves  ;  two  at  Big  Stone 
lake,  numbering  three  hundred  ;  two  at  Lac  quj 
Parle,  two  hundred  ;  one  at  Blue  Earth,  seventy; 
one  atlledwood,  one  hundred;  one  at  Traverse  des 
Sioux,  one  hundred  and  fifty;  one  at  Belle  Plainer 
fifty  ;  one  at  Little  Eapids,  one  lnuidred;  two  at 
Shakopee,  three  hundred.  These  tifteen  hmrdred 
warriors  were  often  on  the  war  path.  At  Minne- 
ha-ha.  Lake  Calhoun  and  Pig"s  Eye  there  were 
five  or  six  hundred  more.  Some  of  them,  whose 
villages  were  not  in  their  path,  might,  notwith- 
standing, be  met  on  the  plains.  Owing  to  some 
accidents  to  their  carts  and  one  person,  it  was  de- 
termined to  send  a  messenger  ahead  to  obtain 
from  General  H.  II.  Sibley  his  barge  to  transport 
the  party  from  Traverse  des  Sioux.  On  arrival 
at  this  point  the  boat  was  found  m  reatliness,  and 
the  party  were  successfully  landed  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing,  though  the  time  occupied  from  Traverse  des 
Sioux  was  fourteen  days,  owing  to  low  water. 

At  this  pouit  in  his  history  Mr.  Bottineau  stops 
to  pay  a  tribute  to  the  kindness  of  Gen.  Sibley,  to 
whom  he  was  frequently  indebted  for  courteous 
and  generous  acts.  He  always  extended  this 
kindness  to  poor  or  rich,  white  man,  Indian,  or 
half  breed.  The  Sioux  held  him  in  the  highest 
regard  and  called  him  the  "Great  iledicineMan.' 
He  smoked  a  red  pipe  with  a  long  stem  and  often 
hunted  with  the  Indians.  On  one  occasion'  after 
hunting  all  day  unsuccessfully,  while  smoking 
around  the  camp  fire,  he  cried  out  "Well,  we  will 
kill  a  bear  to-morrow!"'  Sure  enough  the  next 
day's  hunt  brought  in  the  bear  and  forever  estab- 
lished the  Indians'  faith  in  Gen.  Sibley.  Botti- 
neau brought  down  twenty  head  of  cattle  from 
the  Red  lliver  settlement  as  well  as  some  other 
merchandise.  lie  sold  on  his  arrival,  cows  at  |oO 
to  $7-5,  oxen  at  -flSO  to  .|200  per  pair,  butter  at 
fifty  cents  per  poimd. 

October,  1838,  he  engaged  to  guide  a  small  party 
of  men  to  Red  River  and  remained  there  until 
184(1.  Jilne  1st,  1840,  he  crossed  the  plains  once 
more  with  a  large  party  consisting  of  twenty  fami- 
Ues,  and  brought  his  own  family  along  to  settle 
in  this  country.  On  this  journey  he  fell  in  with 
the  old  guide  Le  Compte  and  a  party  conveying 
a  Mr.  Simpson  to  Fort  Snelling.    Mr.  Simpson 


was  a  son  of  Sir  George  Simpson  of  England,  who 
had  been  making  an  expedition  in  aid  of  science 
and  was  now  on  his  return,  bound  for  England. 
Simpson  showed  signs  of  insanity  at  this  meeting 
but  the  parties  diverged,  intending  to  take  differ- 
ent routes.  On  the  next  day  Bottineau  was  over- 
taken by  two  men  riding  at  full  speed  after  him, 
who  requested  him  to  come  to  the  aid  of  the  other 
party  as  Mr.  Simpson,  hi  a  fit  of  insanity  had 
killed  two  of  the  party,  one  of  whom  was  Le 
Compte  himself.  The  relief  party  foimd  that  he 
had  added  his  own  death  to  that  of  his  comrades 
by  blowing  out  his  brains.  After  disposing  as  well 
as  could  be  done  of  the  bodies  of  the  slain,  Mr. 
Bottineau  joined  the  remainder  of  the  party  with 
his  own  and  proceeded,  arriving  at  the  Fort  in 
July.  Here  he  found  great  changes,  for  the  offi- 
cers of  the  Fort  had  driven  away  Perry  and  Ger- 
vais  and  others ;  only  a  few  remained  and  they 
were  on  the  point  of  going,  having  received  noti- 
fication to  that  effect  from  the  Fort.  Here,  for 
the  first  time  Bottineau  met  Franklin  Steele. 
Bottineau  went  on  to  Saint  Paul  with  his  family 
and  made  a  claim  there  in  1840,  between  Gervais 
and  Clewette,  camping  on  the  bluff  opposite  the 
site  of  the  old  Xational  hotel.  The  claim  ran  as 
follows:  Commencing  at  a  point,  now  the  foot  of 
Jackson  street,  running  down  the  river  eighty 
rods,  thence  at  right  angles  to  the  river  one  mile, 
embracing  a  strip  eiglity  rods  wide  running  back 
to  Clewette"s  claim.  Not  having  money  to  invest 
in  permanent  improvements,  he  pitched  a  skin 
tent  (lodge)  on  the  blutf  and  lived  there  all  sum- 
mer. During  the  summer  he  was  employed  by 
Mr.  Aiken,  an  old  agent  ot  the  American  Fiu- 
Company,  with  others  to  transport  freight.  In  the 
fall  he  was  able  to  Iniild  a  house  and  make  some 
improvements  on  his  claim.  In  the  .spring  of  1841 
he  put  twenty  acres  in  crops.  From  this  time  he 
was  employed  at  various  things  but  largely  for 
tlie  American  Fur  ('ompany,  until  the  spring  of 
184-5.  During  this  time  he  made  one  more  trip 
to  the  Red  Ri\er.  In  the  summer  of  1845  he 
moved  to  the  falls  of  St.  Antliony  and  became 
identified  with  the  interests  of  the  place  imtil 
1854,  when  he  removed  to  Bottineau  Prairie  in 
JMaple  Grove.  During  the  years  1845  and  '46  he 
made  two  more  journeys  to  the  Red  River  settle- 
ment. 
In  1851,  Mr.  Bottineau  acted  as  guide  to  Gov. 


518 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Kamsey.  and  (lie  commissioners  appointed  by  the 
government  to  negotiate  a  treaty  with  the  Pem- 
bina Indians.  The  journey  was  made  with  a  mili- 
tary escort.  After  holding  a  council  with  the  Indi- 
ans at  Pembina,  and  concluding  the  treaty,  the 
commissioners  and  Gov.  Ramsey  expressed  a  wish 
to  visit  Fort  tiarry,  and  it  was  determined  to  ex- 
tend the  trip  accorduigly  into  the  British  domin- 
ion. In  1853  he  piloted  (Jov.  Stevens,  of  Wash- 
ington Territory  on  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad 
exploration,  going  west  to  the  Rocky  Mountains 
and  retm-ning  by  the  jSIissouri  river  to  St.  Louis. 

In  the  fall  of  1853,  Mr.  Bottineau,  made  a 
hunting  excursion,  acting  as  guide  for  a  party  of 
English  lords  and  bankers.  During  the  winter 
of  1854-"5,  he  went  with  Captain  Carney  to  Mille 
Lac  with  a  military  escort  to  arrest  two  Indian 
murderers.  In  1856  he  made  an  expedition  with 
Colonel  Smith,  to  explore  the  northern  country 
for  a  suitable  point  to  locate  a  military  post.  In 
1858,  after  the  report  of  Colonel  Smith's  expedi- 
tion, further  exploration  was  determined  on  by 
the  general  government  with  reference  to  the  es- 
tablishment of  the  post  in  (juestion.  Mr.  Bottin- 
eau accompanied  Colonel  White  and  a  captain  in 
the  regular  army  who  were  charged  with  the  en- 
terprise. This  expedition  determined  the  site  and 
located  the  present  Fort  Abercrombie  at  a  point 
then  known  as  Graham's  Point.  In  the  winter  of 
"56  and  '57,  he,  with  others,  located  the  town 
site  of  Breckenridge,  and  during  the  following 
summer  he  located  a  town  site  on  his  own  account 
at  the  mouth  of  Cheyenne  river.  In  1859,  he 
went  with  Skinner,  the  geologist,  to  locate  salt 
springs  for  the  state.  In  June,  1860,  he  accom- 
panied a  military  expedition  to  Pembina,  and  on 
his  return,  went  with  Gov.  Ramsey  and  Judge 
Bailey  to  negotiate  a  treaty  with  the  Pembina 
and  Red  Lake  bands  of  Chippewas,  but  were  not 
successful  in  concluding  treaty.  In  1862,  he 
made  a  trip  with  Captain  Fisk  to  Montana,  and 
after  reaching  Benton,  left  them  to  another  guide 
and  returned,  passing  through  great  dangers 
from  Indians.  Since  then  he  lias  resided  on  a 
farm  at  Red  Lake  Falls,  I'olk  county. 

William  AV.  Bosworth  was  born  in  Washington 
county,  Maine,  December  16th,  1857.  In  1857  he 
came  to  St.  Anthony  and  engaged  in  the  lumber- 
ing trade  until  1875,  when  he  was  appointed  on 
the  police  force  as  patrol,  and  in  May,  1876,  was 


appointed  sergeant,  and  served  in  that  capacity 
until  1877,  and  since  as  patrol.  He  was  married 
to  iliss  jSIaria  Craig,  at  St.  Anthony,  August, 
1867.  Their  children  are  George,  Fred,  and  Eva 
May. 

M.  C.  Boutell  was  born  at  Worcester,  Massa- 
chusetts, in  1837.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he 
was  employed  by  Messrs.  Nelson  and  Rice,  of  that 
city,  and  remained  sixteen  years.  He  moved  to 
St.  Paul  in  1863,  and  engaged  in  the  hardware 
business.  In  1876,  removed  to  Mimieapolis.  Mr. 
Boutell  was  married  to  Miss  Maria  Wellington, 
of  Massachusetts,  who  bore  him  three  sons  and 
one  daughter. 

Millard  F.  Bowen,  attorney  and  counselor  at 
law,  was  born  in  N  ew  Orleans,  Louisiana,  April 
19th,  1856.  He  was  educated  at  Buffalo,  New 
York,  and  studied  law  with  Bowen  &  Rogers,  of 
that  city.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Min- 
neapolis, January,  1879,  and  has  been  in  practice 
here  since.  His  office  is  located  at  324  NicoUet 
Avenue. 

Winn  M.  Brackett,  originator  of  the  Minneap- 
olis lire  department,  was  born  in  ]SIaine  in  1843. 
He  moved,  in  1846,  to  Nova  Scotia,  with  his  par- 
ents, where  his  father  was  American  consul. 
Six  years  later  he  returned  to  the  United  States, 
and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  was  identified  with  the 
Hose  "Annex"  of  Washington  Engine  Company, 
No.  1,  of  Calais.  In  1861.  Mr.  Brackett  enlisted 
as  musician  in  the  Sixth  regiment,  Maine  volun- 
teers, and  served  until  the  fall  of  1S62,  when  he  re- 
turned to  Calais.  Here  he  was  appointed  paymas- 
ter's clerk,  with  headquarters  at  Washington.  He 
came  to  JSIinneapolis  in  1865,  and  was  engaged  as 
boolc-keeper  f or  Eastman,  Gibson  and  Company. 
About  this  time  he  organized  the  ]SIiller's  Fire 
Association,  from  which  has  grown  the  present 
fire  department  of  JSIinneapolis.  In  1871  he  was 
elected  second  assistant  of  the  department,  and 
at  expiration  of  the  term  was  chosen  chief 
engineer,  and  has  held  the  position  since.  Mr. 
Brackett  was  married  at  ^linneapolis,  in  1867,  to 
ISIiss  Emily  Iloyt,  formerly  of  Portland,  Maine. 
They  have  four  sons:  Charles  and  Winslow  M., 
Jr.,  are  living;  Chapin  and  Frankie  are  dead. 

T.  A.  Brann,  is  a  native  of  Maine,  born  at  Gar- 
diner, Kennebec  county,  March  26th,  1840.  He 
enlisted  as  a  private.  April  ISth,  1861;  he  was 
promoted  through  the  intervening  grades  to  the 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


519 


rank  of  First  Lieutenant.  In  1866,  he  located 
at  Saint  Charles,  Minnesota;  two  years  after,  he 
removed  to  Whitewater,  Wisconsin,  where  he 
remained  until  1877,  when  he  came  to  Minne- 
apolis. Mr.  Brann  is  the  local  freight  agent  of 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  Saint  Paul  Railway 
Company,  which  position  he  has  held  since  com- 
ing here.  lie  was  married  in  1866,  to  Miss  M.  J. 
Atkins,  of  Gardiner,  Maine.  They  are  the  par- 
ents of  four  children. 

E.  C.  Briggs  was  bom  at  Coventry,  Khode  Isl- 
and, February  20th,  1838.  He  came  west  in 
1854,  and  located  at  Richfield,  Minnesota,  where 
he  engaged  in  farming  and  carpentering  until 
1877,  when  he  removed  to  this  city,  and  was 
employed  as  packer  in  the  Minneapolis  Mill;  he 
has  continued  to  serve  as  such  ever  since.  Mr. 
Briggs  was  married  to  Miss  V.  M.  Ray,  in  Sei> 
tember,  1860.  Their  children  are :  Ida  and 
George. 

William  Brigham  was  born  in  Worcester 
county,  Massachusetts,  September  19th,  1835. 
Early  in  life  he  located  at  Marietta,  Ohio,  and 
ivas  in  the  boot  and  shoe  Itusiness  there  until 
1855;  thence  to  LaFayette,  Indiana,  until  1865; 
thence  to  Chicago  until  1869,  when  he  came  to 
Minnesota  and  settled  at  Saint  Peter,  still  con- 
nected with  the  boot  and  shoe  business.  In 
August  1873,  he  came  to  this  city,  where  he  was 
engaged  as  foreman  by  the  North  Star  Boot  and 
Shoe  Company.  Mr.  Brigham's  family  consists 
of  his  wife  and  one  daughter. 

F.  II.  Brimmer,  dentist,  was  born  at  Ellsworth, 
Maine,  December  30th,  1844.  He  received  his 
education  in  his  native  place,  and  there  studied 
dentistry  with  Doctor  Osgood.  He  graduated 
from  the  Philadelpha  Dental  College— Class  of 
1876-7,  with  degiee  of  D.  D.  S.  He  came  to 
Minneapolis  September  30th,  1879.  Doctor  Brim- 
mer is  unmarried. 

E.  Broad  is  a  native  of  Maine,  and  was  born 
May  29th,  1814.  His  father,  being  a  blacksmith, 
he  commenced  in  early  life  to  learn  the  trade. 
In  1842  he  moved  to  Bangor  and  remained  there 
in  pm-suitof  his  trade,  until  1855,  when  he  came 
west  and  located  at  Saint  Anthony,  where  he 
has  since  been  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
edged  tools.  Mr  Broad  was  married  to  Miss  S. 
C.  Marsh,  at  Portland,  Maine,  in  1844. 

Rev.  David  Brooks  was  bom  in  England,  No- 


vember, 1802.     He  learned  the  tailoring  bu.siness, 
and  was  converted  at  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and 
joined  the  Wesleyan   Methodists.     Educated  in 
England,  and  licensed  to  preach  in   1832,  and 
preached  in  his  native  country  ten  years.     Came 
to  America  in  1842.     Settled  in  Kenosha,  Wis- 
consin.   Joined  the  Rock  River  conference  in 
1844.    Appointed  to  Dixon,  Illinois,  for  one  year. 
Fell  into  the  Wisconsin  conference  in  1845,  at 
its  organization,  and  was  stationed  one  year  at 
Light  House  Point,  and  one  year  at  Platteville  ; 
also  stationed  at    Dodgeville    and    AVatertown. 
Came  from  the  Baraboo  conference  to  I^Iinnesota 
in  1853,  by  order  of  Bishop  Scott,  to  take  charge 
of  the  Mimiesota  district  as  presiding  elder,  em- 
bracing all  the  territory  of  JSIinnesota  and  seven- 
teen thousand  square  miles  of  Wisconsin.    Was 
its  presiding  elder  four  years,  making  appoint- 
ments and  filling  them,  that  reached  from  the 
soutliem  line  of  the  state  to  Lake  Superior.  AVas 
the  presiding  elder  of  Lake  Superior  district  two 
years,  by  appointment  from  the  Winona  confer- 
ence ;   then  from  the  ^Minneapolis  conference  to 
the  Minneapolis  district,  l)y  Bishop  Baker,  for 
four  years.     Appointed  to  the  Monticello  circuit 
for  two  years,  and  one  year  agent  for  the  Hamline 
University  ;   then  five  years  agent  for  the  Amer- 
ican  Bible   Society.    Was  then  sent  by  Bishop 
Clark  to  the  Sauk  Centre  district  as  presiding  el- 
der for  two  years.    At  the  end  of  that  time  the 
work  in  the  upper  district  was  re-organized  by 
Bishop  Haven,  necessitating  a  change  in  tlie  pre- 
sidmg  elder's  district.     From  Sauk  Centre  he 
went  to  Brooklyn  Centre  one  year ;  from  there  to 
Champlin  and  Maple  Grove  for  three  years.     At 
the  end  of  that  time  he  again  took  the  agency  of 
the  American  Bible  Society  for  two  years.    The 
first  winter  he  came  to  Minnesota,  he  obtained  a 
charter  for  the  Hamline  University,  and  named 
it,  and  m  the  following  season  obtained  from 
Bishop  Hamline,  from  whom  it  takes  its  name, 
the  munificent  sum  of  twenty-five  thousand  dol- 
lars.    Was  the  first  president  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  the  institution. 

In  June,  1855,  he  left  St.  Paul,  camping  out  in 
the  open  air  on  his  way  to  Fort  Ripley,  from 
there  with  a  guide  to  assist,  put  his  boat  into  the 
^Mississippi  river,  paddling  on  to  Sandy  Lake, 
East  Savannah  river,  St.  Louis  river,  thence  to 
Superior  Bay,  carrying  his  canoe  across  portages 


520 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


vaiying  in  distance  from  one  mile  to  ten;  when 
iu  St.  Louis  liver,  had  an  encounter  with  a  black 
bear,  who  wanted  to  takf  passage  on  the  boat  or 
give  him  the  bear's  hug.  Tliis  he  objected  to, 
and  having  no  weapon  but  his  oar  which  he  used 
industriously  about  the  bears  head  and  fore  paws, 
spattering  water  in  liis  face  until  he  was  glad  to 
beat  a  retreat,  shaking  the  water  from  his  shaggy 
eye  brows,  so  that  he  could  see  which  way  to 
make  his  escape.  Landed  in  Superior  at  the  head 
of  the  lake,  and  preached  the  first  protestant  ser- 
mon ever  heard  there,  also  obtained  a;  site  and  lot 
for  a  church.  ^Married  JSIiss  Ann  Moseley,  who 
died  of  cholera  in  18-50;  married  again  in  1852  to 
]SIargaret  W.  Prior.  They  have  had  five  children, 
Jabez,  Josia,  Emma,  Adin,  and  Amy  A. 

Jabez  Brooks,  D.  D.,  Professor  of  the  Greek 
Language  and  Literature  at  the  University  of 
Minnesota,  was  bom  in  England.  When  a  youth 
his  parents  emigrated  to  America  and  settled  ui 
Wisconsin  in  1842,  at  Soutliport,  now  Kenosha. 
At  this  point  he  pursued  his  studies  at  Southport 
Academy.  After  finishing  his  preparatory  studies 
in  the  West  he  entered  the  sophomore  class  in 
Wesleyan  University  at  ISIiddletown,  Connecticut, 
in  1847,  and  graduated  ui  1850.  He  maintained 
himself  while  pursuing  his  studies  by  teaching 
and  performing  whatever  labor  he  could  get. 
After  graduating  he  came  to  Wisconsin  and  con- 
ducted until  1851  a  seminaiy  at  Watertown,  Wis- 
consin, lie  next  occupied  the  chair  of  Greek  and 
Mathematics  in  Lawrence  University  at  Apple- 
ton,  Wisconsin.  In  1854,  he  was  elected  princi- 
pal of  the  prepatatory  department  of  Ilamline 
University  at  Red  Wing,  and  entered  upon  his 
duties  on  the  16th  of  November,  and  during 
1854-5  he  was  pastor  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church  at  that  place.  In  1857-8,  ill-health  com- 
pelled him  to  reth'e  from  teaching.  In  1861 
he  was  elected  president  of  Hamline  University, 
which  position  he  retamed  until  1869,  when  he 
resigned,  and  the  same  year  was  elected  professor 
of  Greek  at  the  University.  Since  1869  he  has 
continuously  held  that  position,  and  for  several 
years  after  the  decease  of  Professor  AV'alker  in 
1876,  had  charge  of  the  department  of  Latin  also. 
During  his  presidency  of  Ilamline  University, 
Professor  Brooks  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Normal  school  board,  the  Agricultural  College 
board,  the  general  conference  of  the  Methodist 


Episcopal  church,  and  commissioner  of  Indian 
payments.  Mr.  Brooks  was  married  in  1854  to 
Miss  Ruby  B.  Pearee,  of  Watertown,  Wisconsin, 
and  has  had  five  children:  The  eldest,  Adin  P., 
died  February  2d,  1881,  D.  Denslow,  Olive  E., 
now  Mrs.  E.  T.  Sykes,  Anna  E.  and  Lucia  May. 

Ole  Brohaugh,  a  native  of  Norway,  was  born 
August  20th,  1852.  He  came  to  the  United  States 
ui  1869  and  located  in  Red  Wing,  Minnesota, 
where  he  was  engaged  iu  farmuig  until  1874.  He 
then  started  a  meat  market,  in  which  he  con- 
tinued one  year,  when  he  came  to  Minneapolis 
and  opened  a  meat  market  with  a  partner.  In 
January,  1880,  Mr.  Brohaugh  bought  his  part- 
ner's interest  and  has  since  continued  alone.  Mr. 
Brohaugh  was  married  in  1878,  to  Albertine  Han- 
son, who  bore  him  one  daughter,  Clara. 

Baldwui  Brown  was  born  in  Rochester,  New 
York,  February  7th,  1838.  He  came  to  St.  An- 
thony in  1849,  in  company  with  his  parents.  His 
first  enterprise  was  freighting  from  St.  Paul  and 
St.  Anthony  to  the  different  government  posts. 
He  dealt  in  horses,  cattle  and  real  estate  for 
several  years,  and  m  1862,  built  the  old  "St.  Cloud 
Hotel."  He  was  engaged  in  different  pursuits 
untU  1870,  when  he  opened  a  livery  and  sale 
stable.  Mr.  Brown  was  member  of  city  council 
from  '72  to  '77,  member  of  legislature  "73  and  was 
elected  member  of  board  of  county  commissiouera 
Hennepin  county,  fall  of  1880.  He  married  Em- 
ma Day  in  1865.  Th^iir  children  are,  Charles, 
William,  Baldwin  and  Frederick. 

Benjamin  J.  Brown  was  born  in  Maine,  April 
4th,  1821.  A  few  years  in  early  life  were  devoted 
to  lumbering,  and  at  twenty-six  years  of  age  en- 
gaged in  travelmg  business,  in  which  he  remained 
about  six  years,  and  in  1852  came  to  St.  Anthony. 
Here  he  commenced  the  lumbering  business,  in 
which  he  was  successful  rmtil  the  great  financial 
crash  of  1857.  He  is  now  employed  as  overseer 
in  lumbering  camps.  Mr.  Brown  was  the  first 
marshal  of  St.  Anthon>'.  He  was  also  interested 
with  Anson  Northnip  in  the  civilization  of  mur- 
derous Indians,  by  the  hemp  method,  in  1857. 
He  was  married  to  Nellie  Carleton,  April  8th. 
1855.  They  have  ten  children  hving,  two  of 
whom,  Ben  Bruce  and  Nellie,  were  born  at  Crow 
Wing,  being  the  first  white  children  born  in  that 
region,  and  jNlis.  Brown  the  second  white  woman 
who  lived  in  that  locality. 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


621 


C.  D.  Brown  was  bom  In  Maine,  in  1835.  At 
eighteen  years  of  age,  he  learned  the  trade  of 
wagon-maker,  and  has  continued  in  that  business 
since,  except  three  years  spent  at  sea.  He  came 
to  St.  Anthony  in  1857,  and  In  the  fall  of  1859  es- 
tablished opposite  the  Pillsbury  "A''  mill.  Mr. 
Brown  enlisted,  in  1862,  in  the  First  Minnesota 
battery,  and  was  discharged  at  the  end  of  one  year 
on  account  of  failing  health.  After  returning,  he 
opened  a  shop  near  the  present  location,  which 
was  burned  in  1869;  soon  after  he  located  at  his 
present  shop,  417  Main  street,  S.  E.  Mr.  Brown 
was  married,  in  1859,  to  Henrietta  Murphy  who 
has  borne  him  four  children. 

r.  D.  Brown  was  born  at  Vienna,  Maine,  May, 
1847.  lie  came  to  Minneapolis  with  his  parents 
in  1854.  He  learned  the  trade  of  blacksmith  of 
his  brother,  when  he  was  so  small  he  was  obliged 
to  stand  on  a  block  to  strike  the  anvil.  "Brown 
Brothers'"  were  the  first  lires  started  in  the  C. 
M.  &  St.  P.  R.  R.  shops.  Mr.  Brown  was  mar- 
ried, in  1870,  to  Miss  E.  S.  Lindstrom.  They  have 
two  children,  May  and  Xellie.  Levi  ]?rown,  his 
father,  started  the  first  blacksmith  shop  on  the 
west  side,  and  died  in  1857. 

J.  H.  Brown  is  a  native  of  Canada,  and  was 
born  September  16th,  1856.  He  married  Eliza- 
beth Gipson,  June  2d,  1879.  They  have  one 
daughter.  His  early  life  was  spent  in  the  hotel 
business.  During  the  summer  of  1880,  he  moved 
to  Minneapolis,  and  now  lias  a  sample  room,  527 
Washington  Avenue  south. 

J.  M.  Brown  was  born  at  Winthrop,  Maine, 
August  19th,  1839.  He  came  to  this  city  in  1869, 
where  he  engaged  in  lumbering  three  years,  then 
bought  a  shingle  mill  at  Belknap,  on  the  Saint 
Paul  and  Dulutli  Railroad.  He  had  this  mill  in 
operation  foiu'  years,  then  returned  to  ^Slinueap- 
olis.  Since  1878,  he  has  been  engineer  in  the 
North  Star  Planing  JSIill.  Mr.  Brown  married 
Ada  Dean,  December  25th,  1867. 

W.  W.  Brown  was  born  in  Vermont,  in  1843. 
He  moved  to  Iowa  in  1863,  and  followed  the 
hotel  busmess  fifteen  years.  He  removed  to 
Lake  ('alhoun,  Minnesota,  in  1878,  and  after 
having  in  charge,  one  year,  the  Lake  Side  House, 
he  came  to  Minneapolis,  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided. He  is  now  the  proprietor  of  the  Theatre 
Comique,  and  also  of  the  Sherman  House,  129 
Second  street  north. 


Zelora  E.  Brown,  was  bom  in  Brookfield,  Mad- 
ison county,  New  York,  February  9th,  1834. 
When  four  years  of  age,  his  parents  moved  to 
Genesee,  New  York,  where  his  father  received 
a  severe  injury,  by  a  falling  tree,  which  resulted 
in  his  back  being  broken;  and  what  is  quite  re- 
markable, he  is  still  in  good  health,  having 
lived  the  last  forty  years  with  liis  lower  limbs 
paralyzed.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one,  Mr.  Brown 
came  west,  but  soon  returned  to  New  York, 
where  he  married  Miss  Mary  R.  Armstrong, 
December  30th  1856.  They  came  to  Dakota, 
Wisconsin,  in  1859,  where  he  engaged  in  farming 
until  1861,  when  he  was  drafted,  but  accepted 
the  alternative  of  paying  three  hundred  dollars, 
and  remained  with  his  family.  In  the  fall  of  the 
same  year  he  engaged  with  N.  F.  Griswold,  of 
Beaver  Dam,  Wisconsin,  as  traveling  agent  for 
agricultural  implements,  with  whom  he  remained 
four  years,  three  years  of  the  time  being  spent  at 
Rochester,  Minnesota,  where  he  was  superintend- 
ent of  Mr.  Griswold's  business  in  that  section. 
Here,  a  son,  AValter  R.,  was  bom  to  him.  He 
then  moved  to  Irvington,  Iowa,  and  become  a 
partner  with  J.  R.  Armstrong,  in  a  general  mer- 
chandise store,  remaining  five  years.  Another 
child  was  l)orn  there.  Clarence  Z.  In  1871,  Mr. 
Brown  came  to  Minneapolis,  where  he  again  en- 
gaged as  solicitor  and  collector  for  Mr.  Griswold, 
traveling  seventy-five  thousand  miles  by  team. 
He  fcn'med  a  partnership  with  H.  O.  Hamlin,  in 
1877,  which  still  exists,  dealing  in  real  estate. 

J.  B.  Brouillette  was  born  in  Canada,  in  1824. 
He  was  a  dry  goods  merchant  in  his  native  place 
three  years,  then  moved  to  New  Orleans,  w'liere 
he  was  engaged  in  the  Saint  Charles  hotel  five 
years;  thence  to  California,  where  he  was  in  the 
hotel  business  five  years;  thence  to  Australia,  re- 
maining there  two  years.  He  also  spent  several 
years  in  Washington  Terrritory,  Oregon  and  the 
British  Possessions,  engaged  in  farming  and 
mining.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1879.  where 
he  has  since  remained.  ^Ir.  Brouillette  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Jane  Renwick.  Their  living  chil- 
dren are  Mary,  Joseph,  James,  Louise.  and\'ictor. 

James  Bryant  was  bom  at  Bedford,  Indiana, 
January. 22d,  1843.  He  came  with  his  parents  to 
Minneapolis  in  1856;  his  father,  R.  R.  Bryant  en- 
gaged in  mercantile  business  on  ^Vashington  Av- 
enue.   In   1861,  James  Bryant  enlisted  in  the 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


First  Minnesota  Volunteer  Infantry;  he  was 
wounded  in  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  In  1863,  and 
Ln  July.  1865.  was  honorably  discharged.  He 
was  elected  register  of  deeds  for  Hennepin  coun- 
ty, m  1866,  which  office  he  held  until  1871.  He 
then  entered  upon  the  abstract  business,  in  which 
he  continued  until  1876.  wlieii  lie  entered  the 
clerk's  office  as  deputy  clerk  of  court  and  served 
until  January.  1881,  when  he  again  went  into 
the  abstract  business.  Mr.  Bryant  was  married 
in  this  city  to  Miss  Abbie  Robinson,  in  Xovem- 
ber,  1865.  They  have  had  six  children,  five  of 
whom  are  living. 

Ilemy  Buckendorf  is  a  German,  and  was  born 
November  2d,  1844.  He  attended  the  public 
schools  of  Germany  until  the  age  of  fifteen,  when 
he  learned  the  business  of  florist.  He  served  one 
and  a  half  years  in  the  Prussian  army.  Soon  af- 
ter, he  emigrated  to  the  United  States,  coming  di- 
rectly to  Minneapolis,  where  he  at  once  engaged 
m  the  business  of  florist,  in  which  he  still  con- 
tmues.  and  has  one  of  the  finest  establishments 
in  the  city.    Mr.  Buckendorf  is  unmarried. 

AVilliam  Buckendorf  was  born  in  Germany,  in 
1833.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of  his  na- 
tive countrv  until  1S4S.  He  then  was  instructed 
in  floral  gardening.  In  1857  he  came  to  America 
with  Judge  Ames,  and  was  in  the  employ  of  Dr. 
Ames  until  1863,  when  he  purchased  his  present 
gardens.  Mr.  Buckendorf  was  the  first  florist  in 
this  city.  He  was  married  to  Barbara  Weber^ 
September,  1860,  who  died  sixteen  years  later, 
leaving  four  children.  Mr.  Buckendorf  was  mar- 
ried m  October.  1878,  to  Maria  Gerdis. 

Martin  Buerfeuing  was  bom  in  Prussia.  Octo- 
ber 13th,  1847.  He  lived  in  his  native  countiy 
twenty-one  yeai-s,  during  wliich  tune  he  learned 
harness-making.  In  1868  he  came  to  America. pro- 
ceeding directly  to  ^Minneapolis,  where  he  settled. 
and  worked  at  his  trade  until  1875.  He  was  then 
appointed  on  the  police  force,  where  he  has  since 
officiated.  He  was  married  to  Kustena  "Weinard. 
of  Wilmington.  Delaware,  in  1873.  who  bore  him 
three  children  :    Ida.  Mary,  and  Anna. 

G.  C.  Bugbee  was  bom  at  St.  Johnsbury,  Ver- 
mont, April  loth,  1837.  He  was  reared  to  man- 
hood in  his  native  place,  and  in  1857  came  to 
Mmneapolis.  Mr.  Bugbee  loaded  the  firet  lumber 
for  shipment  from  this  city,  on  the  Chicago,  ilil- 
waukee  and  St.  Paul  liaUroad,  and  has  been  en- 


gaged in  that  business  since.  He  is  at  present 
with  the  Minneapolis  and  St.  Louis  RaUway,  also 
St.  Paul.  Minneapolis  and  Manitoba  Railway.  Mr. 
Bugbee  was  married  at  St.  Paul.  May  22d,  1863, 
to  Miss  Dora  M.  Gabert. 

Edward  Biu-ke  was  born  at  ^Montello.  "Wiscon- 
sm,  August  19th.  1857.  While  yet  a  boy  he 
■  moved  with  his  parents  to  Winona.  Minnesota. 
At  the  age  of  twelve  he  commenced  as  a  miller 
at  Minnesota  City,  and  remained  for  five  years 
in  the  employ  of  the  Winona  Mill  Company  of 
that  place.  In  May  1879,  he  removed  to  Minne- 
apolis, where  he  was  employed  in  the  Washbum 
Mills  eight  months :  he  then  engaged  with  the 
Standard  Mill  as  packer,  and  has  since  remained 
at  that  place. 

L.  W.  BurreU  was  bom  July  13th,  1852,  at 
Dover,  Maine.  Here  he  attended  school  imtil 
eighteen  years  of  age,  when  he  changed  his  home 
to  Clearfield.  Pennsylvania;  he  then  learned 
blacksmitliing.  In  1872  he  removed  to  Minne- 
apolis ;  for  six  years  he  was  in  the  employ  of  other 
parties,  and  in  1878  opened  a  shop  and  resumed 
his  trade,  until  the  establishment  of  the  Hame 
Factory.  "Sir.  BuiTell  was  married  November, 
1877,  to  Miss  Flora  Rich,  who  bore  him  two  child- 
dren,  Rose  and  Thomas. 

William  E.  Burwell  was  born  at  Buffalo,  New 
York,  November  24th,  1844.  He  moved  to  New 
York  city  in  1854,  thence  to  Minneapolis,  Novem- 
ber 4tli.  1874.  Here  he  entered  the  First  Na- 
tional Bank  as  general  book-keeper,  which  position 
he  held  until  May,  1880.  he  then  being  elected  as- 
sistant cashier  of  the  Northwestern  National 
Bank. 

C.  R.  Buslmell  was  born  in  Jefferson  county. 
New  York.  November,  1832.  He  engaged  in  farm- 
ing until  1848,  when  he  went  to  Racine,  Wisconsin, 
and  learned  the  machinists  trade ;  here  he  re- 
mained until  1855,  then  removed  to  Waconda 
county,  IlUnois.  In  1857  he  located  at  Lake  City, 
Minnesota,  employed  ui  manufacture  of  sa.sh, 
doors,  blinds,  etc.  Meethig  with  reverses,  caused 
by  the  panic  of  1857,  he  was  made  destitute  and 
through  the  winter  of  ■57-"58  he  subsisted  princi- 
pally on  corn  meal  and  molasses.  In  1862  he 
went  to  St.  Paul  and  was  employed  m  the  Pio- 
neer foundry,  by  Mr.  Gillman  ;  the  sprmg  follow- 
ing he  came  to  St.  Anthony  and  engaged  with 
Charles  Scott  in  his  foimdrv.    Mr.  Bushnell  start- 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


523 


ed  a  machine  shop  in  1S64,  on  the  west  side  of 
the  river  and  made  the  sliafting  for  the  first  wool- 
en mill  ever  built  in  this  city.  He  sold  out  in 
1865,  and  that  year  formed  a  co-partnership  known 
as  C.  R.  Hushnell  and  Co.,  hut  afterwards  better 
known  as  the  St.  Anthony  Iron  Works.  Since 
January,  1880,  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  firm 
of  Bushnell  and  Spear,  I^'orthwestern  Stove 
Works.  Mr.  Bushnell  was  married  September, 
1855,  to  Miss  Delia  Kitz.  Tlieir  children  are, 
Charles,  Arthur  and  Elbert. 

Louis  Buschjost  was  born  in  Germany,  Feb- 
ruary 14th,  1850.  He  acquued  a  knowledge  of 
shoe-making  in  his  native  country,  and  worked 
at  it  until  1 874,when  he  came  to  the  United  States. 
He  first  settled  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  thence  to 
Saint  Joseph,  Missouri,  where  he  remained  until 
1877,  when  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and  has  since 
continued  in  his  business.  Mr.  Busclijost  was 
married  to  Emma  Altwein,  of  Wisconsin,  who 
bore  him  a  son;  Otto. 

B.  r.  Butler  was  born  in  Maine,  in  1829.  He 
moved  to  Detroit,  Michigan,  in  1854,  an<l  was 
with  the  Michigan  Central  railroad.  In  185f),  he 
located  at  Minneapolis,  engaged  in  the  sash  and 
blind  business;  a  few  months  after,  he  took  a 
claim  at  Forest  City,  remaining  on  it  one  year; 
thence  to  Fair  Haven,  Stearns  county,  and  pur- 
chased a  farm,  which  he  tilled  imtil  1873.  He 
then  returned  to  this  city,  where  he  has  been  em- 
ployed in  the  Nortli  Star  Iron  Works  and  mill- 
wright in  the  different  mills  throughout  the 
state.  Married  Miss  Eliza  Tucker,  in  1860. 
They  have  one  cliild  living;  Allana. 

G.  S.  Butler  was  Ixn-n  at  Cliiiton,  New  York, 
March  4th,  1834.  He  engaged  in  book-keeping 
for  twenty  years  previous  to  his  entering  mer- 
cantile business.  He  located  in  Minneapolis  in 
1876.  Mr.  Butler  was  married  August  6th,  1862, 
at  Clinton,  New  York,  to  Miss  Sophia  A.  Com- 
stock;  Harriet  E.,  and  Alice  B.,  are  their  chil- 
dren. 

H.  C.  Butler  was  born  in  ^Nlaine,  in  1838,  where 
he  remained  until  coming  to  Minneapolis,  in 
1857.  He  is  the  proprietor  of  the  Minneapolis 
Mill  Pick  Depot  and  Iron  Works,  whicli  business 
he  has  carried  on  since  his  coming  to  the  city. 
Mr.  Butler  was  married  to  Miss  Eunice  L.  Baine 
of  this  city,  in  1857.     They  have  seven  children. 

W.  E.  Butler  is  a  native  of  Maine,  born  May, 


1848.  At  twelve  years  of  age  he  learned  the 
trade  of  saw  flier,  and  continued  in  it  until  1871, 
when  lie  commenced  learning  photography  of  W. 
H.  Jacoby.  In  1874  he  commenced  business  in 
his  present  location  on  Central  Avenue,  Nicollet 
Island.  Mr.  Butler  does  a  general  photographic 
business,  including  portraits  in  India  ink,  water 
colors,  and  oil.  He  was  married  to  Miss  Fannie 
Wluttier,  of  this  city,  in  1872.  They  have  one 
son:  Henry  Edwin. 

F.  G.  Buttolph  was  born  at  Troy,  Oakland 
county,  Michigan,  December  5th,  1847.  At  the 
age  of  sixteen,  he  accompanied  his  parents  to  Can- 
ada, where  he  learned  his  trade,  that  of  dyeing,  and 
engaged  in  it  until  1878,  when  he  came  to  Min- 
neapolis. In  addition  to  his  dyeing  works  here, 
he  has  a  hat  establishment,  in  whicli  he  renovates 
silk,  felt,  and  straw  hats. 

T.  J.  Buxton  was  born  in  Washington  county, 
Pennsylvania,  November  18tli,  1833.  He  moved 
with  his  parents,  to  Union  county,  Ohio,  1835, 
where  he  resided  on  a  farm  until  twenty-one 
years  of  age.  He  began  banking  business  at 
Marysville,  as  cashier,  where  he  continued  six 
years.  Mr.  Buxton  raised  Company  "E,'"  Sixty- 
sixth  Regiment,  Ohio  Infantry,  and  entered  the 
field,  in  West  Virginia,  in  1862.  He  participated 
in  several  of  the  most  prominent  engagements, 
being  taken  prisoner,  at  Port  Republic,  and  held 
as  such  in  Salisljury  and  Libby  prisons,  for  four 
months.  In  1869  he  located  at  Minneapolis  and 
opened  the  City  Bank,  in  which  he  has  served  as 
cashier  since.  He  has  also  held  the  office  of  city 
treasurer  for  four  terms.  Mr.  Buxton  ^^'as  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Delia  A.  (iriffln,  of  Delaware  county, 
Ohio.    Their  children  are:  Bessie  and  Marie. 

James  Byrnes  is  a  native  of  Ireland.  He  ac- 
companied his  parents  to  America  in  1852,  locat- 
ing on  a  farm,  in  Hennepin  county,  Minnesota; 
he  remained  with  his  parents  three  years,  then 
spent  two  years  in  Saint  Anthony.  At  the  age 
of  seventeen  he  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade. 
Mr.  Byrnes  was  in  the  south  three  years,  during 
the  war.  He  came  to  this  city,  in  1865,  and 
opened  a  blacksmith  shop.  He  married  Julia  F. 
Sullivan,  in  1S65,  who  has  been  a  resident  of  this 
state  twenty-six  years.  They  have  live  cliildren 
living,  and  have  lost  three  sons.  Mr.  Byrne's 
shop  is  located  at  104  First  street  south,  where  he 
employs  three  men. 


524 


BlSTOnT  OF  HENNEPIK  COUNTY. 


CHAPTER   LXXVII. 

BIOGRAPHICAL.   C   AND    II. 

W.  F.  Cahill  came  to  :MLiineiipolis  in  1S.53.  He 
bought  tlie  Island  mill  in  1860.  and  operated  it 
until  1870,  when  it  was  destroyed  by  Are.  The 
same  year  he  built  the  Holly  mills,  and  also  the 
Florence  mill  at  Stillwater.  Cahill  and  Company 
purchased  the  Dakota  mill,  in  1S73,  and  in  1877 
the  Galaxy,  from  the  Aukeny  estate.  The  latter 
mill  was  destroyed  by  the  explosion  of  May, 
1878,  and  rebuilt  by  Cahill.  Fletcher  and  Compa- 
ny, in  1878-9.  It  was  opened  in  December  of  the 
latter  year.  Mr.  Cahill  also  had  an  interest  in 
the  ilinnetonka  mill,  from  1875  to  1'877.  He  was 
married  in  18-53,  to  Sarah  M.  Bailey.  Their  chil- 
dren are  :  Florence,  now  the  wife  of  F.  Green  . 
leaf,  Mariam  B.,  now  :Mrs.  F.  Ilinkle,  Helen  F. 
now  the  wife  of  M\  T.  Maxfield;  Paul  W.,  died  at 
the  age  of  four  years. 

James  Cain  came  to  Mimiesota  in  1863,  and  for 
five  years  was  engaged  in  farming  in  Dakota 
county ;  then  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1868,  and 
followed  lumbering  seven  years.  In  1875  he  en 
gaged  in  saloon  business  on  Second  street  north 
where  he  remained  two  years,  then  moved  to  his 
present  location,  24  Hennepin  Avenue.  Septem. 
ber  27th,  1876,  he  married  Frances  Murphy. 

T.  H.  Cain  was  born  in  ^larch,  1856.  In  eai-ly 
life  he  went  to  Canandaigua,  New  York,  thence 
to  Clinton,  Iowa,  and  learned  the  trade  of  horse- 
shoer.  He  located  at  Mimieapolis  in  October, 
1878.  Here  he  worked  for  different  parties  until 
March,  1880,  when  the  existing  firm  of  Keep  & 
Cain  was  formed. 

George  CaUadine.  harness  and  horse  furnish- 
ings, 16  First  street  north.  He  was  born  in  Hert- 
fordshire, England,  in  1827.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-two  he  entered  the  army  and  served  as 
saddler,  three  yeare,  in  the  Eleventh  Hussars.  In 
1852,  he  went  to  Australia,  and  remained  three 
years:  returned  to  England,  and  in  1856  came  to 
Miimesota;  settled  at  Rockford,  Wright  comity, 
where  he  still  owns  240  acres  of  land.  At  the 
breaking  out  of  the  war.  Mr.  Calladine  recruited 
a  company  on  money  raised  by  the  sale  of  his 
live  stock;  of  this  company  he  was  first  lieutenant, 
and  ser\-ed  three  years  and  six  months:  was  mus- 


tered out  as  captain  at  Chicago  in  1865.  He  par- 
ticipated in  many  of  the  principal  engagements 
of  the  war.  and  was  provost  marshal  for  General 
Burnside  during  his  Tennessee  campaign.  In 
1866,  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  engaged  in  the 
harness  business  with  Mr.  Pavitt;  since  1870  Mr. 
CaUadine  has  carried  on  the  trade  alone.  He 
was  married  in  1866  to  Margaret  McDonald,  of 
Chicago.  They  have  two  children.  Caroline  M. 
and  Margaret  E. 

Dr.  Arthur  A.  Camp  was  bom  in  Jersey  City, 
Xew  Jersey,  August  15th,  1850.  He  was  educat- 
ed in  Burlington,  "S'ermont,  graduated  from  the 
University  of  that  place.  In  1869,  he  learned  the 
drug  business  at  Saratoga  Springs,  and  continued 
in  it  until  1875,  when  he  removed  to  New  York 
and  was  engaged  as  assistant  house  physician  in 
a  hospital.  He  studied  mediehie  and  graduated 
from  Xew  York  Homeopathic  ^ledical  College  in 
1878;  he  came  directly  to  ^linueapolis,  and  has 
since  been  in  continuous  practice  here.  He  was 
elected  president  of  the  Homeopahtic  Medical 
Society  of  Hennepin  county,  m  September,  1879, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1880.  Dr.  Camp  married 
Miss  Mary  Walton,  at  Saratoga  Springs,  in  1878. 
They  have  one  cliild:  Arthur  W. 

John  McK.  Campbell,  contractor  and  builder.  Is 
a  native  of  Scotland,  where  he  was  born  January 
1st,  1842.  He  emigrated  with  his  parents  to 
Prince  Edward  Island  in  1843.  In  1856.  he  en- 
tered the  coast  merchant  sailing,  and  continued 
until  1863,  when  he  returned  home  and  served  an 
apprenticeship  at  ship  building;  then  went  to  sea 
for  one  year:  he  lauded  in  Xew  York,  ti^aveled 
about  through  several  states  and  finally  settled  in 
Owatonna.  Minnesota,  where  he  remained  three 
years  dt)iug  carpenter  work.  He  removed  to 
Minneapolis  in  1870,  and  has  since  been  engaged 
here  in  contracting.  In  1873,  he  married  Mary 
Morrison.  Three  children  have  been  born  to 
them;  Aima  Belle,  Alvin  B.  and  Mai-y. 

E.  C.  Cauvet,  of  the  firm  of  Cauvet  and  Reid, 
was  born  in  Xew  York  city,  Xovember  4th,  1836. 
He  enlisted  May  24th,  1861,  in  Company  C,42d 
Xew  York  Infantry.  At  the  battle  of  BaU's  Bluff 
he  was  promoted  to  second  lieutenant,  and  first 
lieutenant  at  Antietam.  December  13th.  1862. 
at  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  he  was  promoted 
to  captain ;  and  January  1st,  1864,  was  appointed 
assistant  provost  marshal,  under  General  Han 


BIOGBAFHICAL. 


525 


cock.  He  held  this  office  until  June,  1864.  Was 
mustered  out  at  New  York  city,  July  13th,  1864. 
After  leaving  the  sen'ice  he  went  into  the  plumb- 
ing business  at  New  York,  wliicli  he  continued 
ten  years.  In  February,  1874,  he  came  to  Miinie- 
apolis,  and  has  been  in  business  here  since  that 
time.  His  wife  was  Emma  Knight,  wliom  lie 
maiTied  January  8th,  1866.  Three  cliildren  liave 
been  bom  to  them  ;  only  one  is  living,  Viola  L. 

Casper  Cantieny,  a  native  of  Switzerland,  was 
bom  in  1807.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1850, 
and  located  in  Ohio  for  five  years,  during  which 
time  lie  followed  house  carpentering.  He  then 
spent  two  years  in  Illinois  and  three  in  Wiscon- 
sin, in  the  hotel  business ;  also  kept  the  Garden 
City  Hotel  of  St.  Paul  two  years.  In  1861  he  en- 
listed in  tlie  First  ilinnesota  Cavalry,  and  served 
seventeeu  months.  From  that  time  he  worked  at 
the  carpenter's  trade  in  St.  Paul  and  Red  Wing, 
until  1865.  when  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and  fol- 
lowed his  trade  here  four  years.  In  1H79  he  erect- 
ed the  building  he  now  uses  for  a  liquor,  cigar  and 
confectionery  store.  No.  1  Nicollet  Avenue.  He 
was  married  in  1848,  to  Maria  Coray.  They  have 
four  children. 

T.  J.  Canney,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  was 
born  in  Tuftenborough,  October  27th,  1831.  He 
came  to  Wright  county,  Minnesota,  m  1857,  moved 
to  Clear  Water  in  1859,  thence  to  ^Minneapolis  in 
1864  and  started  a  dairy,  whicli  business  he  con- 
tinued until  1876,  when  he  purchased  the  state 
right  for  patent  concrete  sidewalks.  He  was 
married  in  1855,  to  Julia  Smith  of  New  Hamp- 
shire. Their  children  are:  Fred,  Frank,  John, 
Flora,  Bessie  and  George  ;  the  latter  died  in  1876 
aged  twelve  years.  Mr.  Canney  is  contractor  in 
concrete  walks  and  drive  ways,  also  house  and 
barn  roof  painting,  with  fire  and  water  proof 
paint ;  No.  1929  Western  Avenue. 

E.  J.  Carlin  was  bom  at  Troy,  New  York,  in 
1848.  When  a  child  he  went  with  liis  parents  to 
Binghamton,  New  York  and  remained  until  1870, 
when  he  removed  to  Iowa.  In  1871  he  came  to 
Minneapolis,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  the 
cooper  business,  with  the  exception  of  three  years 
passed  in  Philadelphia.  His  wife  was  Ella 
McCarthy,  whom  he  married  in  1875.  Their  resi- 
dence is  No.  714  Seventeenth  Avenue  south. 
Mr.  Carlin  was  one  of  the  founders  and  is  a  char- 


ter member  of  the  Hennepin  County  Barrel  Com- 
pany. 

C4.  C.  Carr,  born  in  Lauderdale,  Mississippi, 
June  1st,  18.59.  His  parents  were  slaves  and  his 
father  died  in  the  great  struggle  for  freedom  ;  his 
motlier  came  to  this  city  with  her  children,  and 
at  tlie  age  of  six  years  G.  C.  was  oliUged  to  go  on 
the  street  blacking  boots  and  selling  papers,  until 
1870,  when  he  commenced  attending  the  public 
schools ;  his  love  for  penmanship  induced  him 
to  turn  nearly  his  whole  attention  in  that  di- 
rection. In  1875  he  went  to  Red  Wing  and 
worked  as  shop-boy  in  a  barber's  shop  morn- 
ings and  evenings,  attending  school  during  the 
day.  He  remained  until  1878,  having  learned 
the  barber's  trade.  His  business  enabled  him  to 
attend  Commercial  college,  and  he  is  now  bend- 
uig  his  energies  to  perfect  himself  in  penman- 
ship, with  a  view  to  teaching.  His  place  of  bus- 
iness is  at  409  Hennepin  Avenue. 

L.  S.  Carr,  head  miller  at  the  I'nion  ]SIill.  was 
born  at  Watertown,  Wisconsin,  February  23d, 
1851.  He  learned  milling  at  home,  where  he 
worked  about  seven  years;  he  came  here  in  Sep- 
temljer.  1874,  and  was  in  the  Washburn  A  mill 
until  May  2d,  1878.  On  that  day  :Mr.  Carr  left 
the  mill  three  minutes  before  six  o'clock,  and  at 
ten  minutes  after  six  the  explosion  occun'ed  which 
left  the  mill  a  mass  of  ruins.  After  tliis  he 
worked  in  the  Pillsbury,  the  Washburn  B  and 
the  Washburn  C  mills  until  March  1st,  1880,  when 
he  went  to  the  Union  mill.  He  was  married  May 
29th,  1878,  to  Ida  R.  Ripley. 

E.  D.  Case  was  born  in  Minneapolis,  October 
2d,  1857.  He  was  married  December  24th,  1878, 
to  Eva  M.  Cobb.  E.  D.  is  the  son  of  Emanuel 
Case,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Hemiepm  coun- 
ty, who  died  a  few  years  since.  Mr.  Case  is  en- 
gaged in  the  livery  business  at  211  Plymouth  Av- 
enue. 

George  W.  Gates,  a  native  of  Elaine,  was  born 
in  Cutler,  Washington  county,  in  18.54.  He  came 
to  Minnesota  when  a  child,  and  lived  on  a  farm 
at  Bloomington  until  1870;  since  that  time  he  has 
been  engaged  in  the  agricultural  implement  busi- 
ness. He  is  now  with  II.  Kirkwood  as  book- 
keeper and  traveling  salesman.  September  18th, 
1877,  he  man-ied  Mary  C.  PhilUps,  of  St.  Paul, 
who  has  borne  him  one  child,  Edith  E. 

William  AI.  Carlton  was  bom  at  Manchester, 


526 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Xew  Hampshire.  Xovember  27th,  1844.  When  a 
child  he  went  with  his  parents  to  Beaver  Dam. 
Wisconsm:  from  tliere  he  removed  to  VTatertown 
and  learned  the  milling  business.  He  spent  some 
time  in  Madison.  Beaver  Dam  and  Monroe,  and 
in  1,S72  came  to  Minneapolis;  he  worked  at  rail- 
road building  on  the  frontier  one  season,  but  re- 
turned to  this  city  and  has  been  with  the  Holly 
mill  since  June.  1874.  He  is  now  head  miller. 
April  26th.  1870.  he  married  Maggie  Graham,  of 
AViscousin.  Their  children  aie  Clara,  Jeanette 
and  Elizabeth  Grace. 

H.  :M.  Carpenter,  a  native  of  Ehode  Island, 
was  born  in  Providence  in  1828.  He  came  to  St. 
Anthony  in  1854  and  worked  two  years  as  clerk 
for  Tufts,  Refolds  &  Wliittemore.  In  1857  he 
engaged  in  general  merchandise  business  with 
Mr.  Andrews  as  partner,  but  they  were  burned 
out.  in  about  sixteen  months,  and  in  1860  Mr.  Car- 
penter started  ui  the  same  business  alone.  He  con- 
tinued it  four  years,  and  in  the  meantime  bought 
an  interest  in  a  paper  mill.  In  the  spring  of  1865  he 
started  the  paper  store  at  St.  Paul,  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  took  a  partner.  J.  T.  Averill.  the  lat- 
ter taking  charge  of  the  St.  Paul  store.  Since  the 
withdi-awal  of  Cutler  and  Secombe  from  the 
firm.  Mr.  Cai-penter  has  had  entire  control  of  the 
paper  mill.  He  married  Kate  Ladd.  of  Provi- 
dence, Ehode  Island,  April  20th,  1852.  Three 
children  have  been  bom  to  them:  Frank.  Henry 
and  Edwin. 

Rev.  J.  F.  Chaffee,  pastor  of  Ilemiepin  Ave- 
nue Tabernacle,  was  born  in  Attica,  Xew  York, 
Xovember  5th,  1827;  converted  and  joined  the 
Free  Will  Baptist  at  twelve  years  of  age.  At 
eighteen,  moved  to  Illinois  and  soon  joined  the 
Methodist;  before  twenty-one  years  of  age,  was 
admitted  on  trial  in  the  Rock  River  Conference, 
and  sent  to  the  Carthage  circuit  for  one  year,  at 
Oquawka  two  years,  Iilonmouth  one  year,  Knox- 
\i\le  one  year,  Lewiston  two  years,  Jefferson 
street.  Chicago,  two  years,  transferred  to  iliune- 
sota  in  1857:  to  St.  Anthony  imtil  the  spring  of 
18-59,  then  to  Jackson  street,  St.  Paul,  from  the 
spring  of  "59,  to  the  fall  of  '60,  then  two  years  in 
Minneapolis.  Five  years  presiding  elder  of  the 
ilinneapolis  and  St.  Paul  district.  Three  years 
pastor  of  Centenary  church,  duruig  which  time 
the  church  was  built  and  dedicated.  One  year 
city  missionary,  during  which  time  the  Seventh 


street  church  was  built  and  dedicated:  for  the 
next  three  yeai-s.  was  agent  of  the  Hamline  Uni- 
versity, duruig  that  time  which  he  re-located  on 
fifty  acres  of  valuable  land.  The  next  year  suppli- 
ed Duluth.  one  year  in  Faribault,  two  years  pre- 
siding elder  of  AVinona  district,  one  year  in  Jack- 
son street.  St.  Paul,  then  invited  to  come  to  the 
present  pastorate  on  Hennepin  Avenue;  was  a 
member  of  two  general  conferences  in  1868  and 
1880;  was  maiTied  in  1849  to  Calista  Hopkins,  of 
Xew  York;  have  two  children  living;  Canie  C. 
and  Hugh  G. 

W.  II.  Chamberlain,  a  native  of  Maine,  was 
born  in  1830.  In  1846  he  went  to  Boston.  Massa- 
chusetts, and  remained  four  years,  working  in  a 
furniture  store,  and  part  of  the  time  clerking  in 
a  hotel.  In  1850  he  went  to  Xew  York  and 
kept  books  one  year  in  the  Commercial  Exchange 
bank:  from  there  he  removed  to  Brooklyn,  where 
he  learned  the  jeweler's  trade,  then  spent  one 
year  in  Ohio,  and  in  1857  came  to  ilinnesota; 
he  located  in  Saint  Anthony,  but  in  1862  moved 
on  this  side  of  the  river,  and  since  that  time  has 
been  engaged  in  the  jewelry  business  here:  he  is 
at  Xo.  6  Washington  Avenue  south.  ^Mr.  Cham- 
berlain was  with  General  Sibley  in  his  raid 
against  the  Indians  in  1862.  He  was  married 
in  1856.  at  Troy.  Xew  York,  to  Charlotte  Knick- 
erbacker.  Their  living  children  are :  William, 
Ida.  Mary  and  Charlotte. 

AV.  B.  Champion  was  bom  on  Prince  Edward 
Island,  in  1848.  He  moved  to  Maine  and  resided 
about  eight  yeare,  then  came  to  ^Mumeapolis  in 
1878,  and  engaged  in  forming  the  Hennepin 
County  Barrel  Company,  of  which  he  is  the  pres- 
ident. His  wife  was  Miss  ^linnie  McArthur  to 
whom  he  was  married  in  1870.  They  reside  at 
.309  AVashington  Avenue  north. 

Rev.  Z.  L.  Chandonnet.  pastor  of  the  church 
of  Our  Lady  of  Lourdes,  was  bom  July  10th, 
1848.  at  St.  Pierre  Les-Recquets,  Xicollet  county, 
Quebec.  He  attended  the  Petit  and  Grand  Sem- 
inaries, in  Quebec,  completing  his  theological 
education  at  Tliree  Rivers,  where,  on  the  22d  of 
Xovember  1874,  he  was  ordained  and  at  once 
appointed  A'icarof  St.  Francis  of  Xivier's  church 
at  Baliscan.  Here  he  remamed  imtil  September 
29th,  1875,  when  he  was  appointed  to  a  like  posi- 
tion at  St.  Anna's  Church,  at  Yamachiche.  This 
position  he  retained  until  October,  1877,  when 


BIOGSAPHICAL. 


he  came  to  Minnesota,  and  was  placed  in  charge 
of  the  churches  at  Belle  Prairie  and  Little  Falls, 
ilorrisoii  county,  remaining  there  luitil  March 
1st,  1879,  when  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the 
churches  at  Lenz  and  Corcoran,  Hennepin  county, 
and  in  December  following  was  transferred  to 
his  present  charge  in  MinneapoUs. 

James  Chant  was  born  in  Somerset  county, 
England,  January  15th,  1840.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1873,  and  located  the  same  year 
at  Ilawley,  Clay  county,  JNlinnesota,  on  a  farm. 
Here  he  remained  until  1878,  when  he  became  a 
partner  of  Mr.  Maskell  in  the  city  meat  market. 
Mr.  Chant's  family  consists  of  his  wife  and  nine 
children. 

Josiah  II.  Chase,  a  native  of  Kingston,  New- 
Hampshire,  was  born  September  15th,  1840.  He 
learned  the  trade  of  carriage  making  of  liis  father, 
and  remained  with  him  imtil  1852,  when  he  went 
to  Boston  and  worked  in  a  clothing  store,  at  a 
weekly  salary  of  two  dollars  and  seventy-five 
cents.  In  1856  he  came  to  Ohnsted  county,  Min- 
nesota ;  afterward  made  a  claim  of  160  acres  in 
Mower  county.  In  the  fall  of  1856  he  came  to 
St.  Anthony,  and  the  following  springpurchased, 
in  company  with  S.  A.  Lewis,  a  stock  of  Ijnots 
and  shoes,  to  which  in  a  few  months  they  added 
general  merchandise ;  in  two  years  Mr.  Chase 
bought  out  his  partner  and  continued  the  business 
alone;  in  1861  he  closed  the  dry  goods  depart- 
ment, and  carried  only  boots  and  shoes  and  cloth- 
ing. In  1866  he  was  burned  out  and  at  once  lo- 
cated on  Main  street:  in  1875  he  erected  the 
building  lie  now  occupies,  located  on  Central 
Avenue,  corner  Second  street.  Mr.  Chase  is  the 
oldest  clothing  dealer  in  the  city.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  lK63,to  Ellen  May  Rankin.  They  have 
had  four  children  only  two  of  whom  are  now  liv- 
ing; Henry  and  Josiah. 

C.  E.  Chilstrom,  a  native  of  Sweden,  was  born 
July  22d,  1851.  He  came  to  America  with  his 
parents  in  1856  and  located  in  Wisconsin,  but  re- 
moved to  Minnesota,  and  his  parents  now  reside 
in  Litchfield.  In  January,  1871,  he  came  to  Min- 
neapolis and  worked  for  Dr.  Linn,  afterward  for 
Pabody  and  Whittaker,  and  has  continued  in  the 
drug  business  since.  The  firm  of  Patterson  and 
Chilstrom  was  formed  in  October,  1880  ;  they  car- 
ry a  full  line  of  goods  appertaining  to  the  drug 
trade.    Mr.  Chilstrom 's  wife  w'as  Matilda  Nelson 


of  Sweden,  to  whom  he  was  married  in  May, 
1880. 

E.  H.  Chittenden  was  born  in  Monroe  county, 
New  York,  in  1832.  In  1856  he  went  to  Medina, 
New  York,  and  practiced  as  veterinary  surgeon 
four  years,  then  removed  to  Ohio  and  remained 
two  years.  In  1862  he  began  steamboating  on 
the  Ohio  river  and  followed  that  business  four 
years;  he  then  came  to  Minnesota  and  engaged  in 
farming  in  Faribault  county  until  1874,  when  he 
removed  to  JSlinneapolis.  He  built  two  small 
steamers  and  ran  one  of  them  one  season,  between 
this  city  and  St.  Cloud,  then  sold  her  and  re- 
sumed liis  practice  as  veterinary  surgeon,  which 
he  has  continued  since.  Was  married  in  1858,  to 
Hannah  Gerry ;  six  children  have  been  born  to 
them  but  only  two  are  living. 

J.  A.  Christian  was  born  in  Wilmington,  North 
Carolina,  September  12th,  1832.  He  moved  to 
Walworth  county,  Wisconsin,  in  1847,  and  from 
there  to  Chicago  in  1851 ;  thence  to  Caledonia, 
Illinois,  where  lie  dealt  in  cattle,  hogs,  wheat,  etc., 
until  1860,  when  he  went  to  Colorado,  and  for 
nine  years  engaged  in  mining.  Six  years  of  this 
time  lie  was  treasurer  of  Summit  county.  In 
186!)  he  came  to  Minnesota,  and  for  two  years  was 
in  the  himliering  business  at  Dayton  ;  then  came 
to  Minneapolis  and  ran  the  Zenith  mill  for  two 
years.  He  entered  the  firm  of  George  II.  Chris- 
tian and  Company,  in  1873.  The  latter  retired  at 
the  expiration  of  one  year,  and  the  firm  took  the 
name  of  J.  A.  Christian  and  company.  The  mill 
explosion  of  May,  1878,  caused  suspension  of  bus- 
iness, and  in  July  of  the  same  year  a  new  firm 
was  formed,  under  the  name  of  Christian,  Broth- 
er and  Company,  and  own  the  Crown  Boiler  mill. 
In  June,  1874,  Mr.  Christian  married  Mary  E. 
Ilall,  who  has  borne  him  three  daughters :  Carrie, 
Annie,  and  Susie. 

Llewellyn  Christian,  a  native  of  A\'etumpka 
county,  Alabama,  was  bom  June  10th,  1841.  In 
1844  he  went  with  his  parents  to  Wilmington, 
North  Carolina,  and  in  1849  removed  to  Geneva. 
Wisconsin.  In  1854  he  went  to  Chicago,  and  at- 
tended high  school  four  years.  At  the  expiration 
of  that  time  he  went  to  New  York,  and  remauied 
until  1872,  when  he  came  to  Miiiiieapi)lis  and  en- 
gaged in  the  Zenith  mill,  the  firm  name  being 
Christian,  Day  and  Company.  From  that  time 
until  the  present  he  has  been  associaied  with  J. 


528 


mSTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


A.  Christian.  His  wife  was  iliss  Eliza  French, 
whom  he  married  in  1874. 

Le\i  Cliristlieb.  born  in  Cumberland  countj-, 
Pennsylvania,  July  Stli,  1S44.  He  went  to  St. 
Joseph,  Missouri,  in  1869,  and  the  same  year  re- 
moved to  this  city.  Until  the  spring  of  1870  he 
worked  with  Greeley,  Love  and  Company,  har- 
ness-making; then  with  Davis  and  ilcCalluui, 
and  the  Trades  Manufacturing  Company,  until 
August,  1874,  when  he  went  uiio  partnership  with 
John  H.  Arnell,  and  has  continued  to  do  a  pros- 
perous business  since.  They  are  located  at  108 
Central  Avenue.    Mr.  ChristUeb  is  immarried. 

Richard  Chute  was  born  at  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 
September  2.3d,  1820,  and  moved  to  Columbus  at 
the  age  of  seven  years,  and  four  years  later  to 
Fort  Wayne,  Indiana.  In  1841,  he  formed  a 
partnership  with  William  G.  Ewing  in  the  fur 
trade:  from  that  time  until  18.54,  he  visited  in  the 
autumn  of  each  year,  Mimiesota,  Iowa  and  other 
western  points.  He  was  at  St.  Anthony  in  1844 
and  built  a  house,  which  was  used  for  several 
years  as  a  trading  post.  After  the  death  of  liis 
partner  in  1854,  Mr.  Chute  located  m  Saint  An- 
thony, and  until  1868,  had  charge  of  the  property, 
since  owned  by  the  Saint  Anthony  Water  Power 
Company;  he  sold  lots  lying  east  of  Main  street, 
but  was  restricted  from  selling  between  that  and 
the  river;  since  tliat  time  he  lias  been  engaged  in 
real  estate  business.  While  traveling  in  the  fur 
busmess,  Mr,  Chute  was  present  at  the  forming  of 
several  treaties  with  Indians.  He  was  at  Agency 
City,  Iowa,  when  the  treaty  was  concluded  with 
the  Sac,  and  Fox  tribe  by  which  they  ceded  to  the 
government  aU  their  lands  in  Iowa  territory  ;he  was 
also  at  Washington  when  the  treaty  was  made 
with  the  Winnebagos  in  18.56.  In  early  days  he 
took  a  lively  interest  in  railroad  matters  and  was 
among  the  incorporators  of  some  of  the  compa- 
nies, ilr.  Chute  was  commissioned  by  Gen. 
Sibley  as  Colonel  of  the  Seventeenth  Regiment 
MUitia,  and  in  1862,  he  was  quartermaster  of  an 
expedition  from  Fort  Snelling  to  the  Chippewa 
countiT,  under  Gen,  Dale.  In  1863,  he  was  ap- 
pointed regent  of  the  State  University.  He  is 
an  elder  in  the  Andrew  Presbyterian  church,  and 
has  been  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school 
for  many  years.  He  manied  Mary  Young,  of 
Indiana-,  February  28th,  1850.  They  have  three 
living  children;  Charles.  Willie  and  Grace, 


C.  W.  Clark,  a  native  of  Delaware  county, 
New  York,  was  bom  March  3d,  1827.  Until 
seventeen  years  of  age,  he  lived  on  a  farm,  then 
learned  the  black-smith"s  trade.  In  1847,  he 
went  to  South  Wilbraham,  Massachusetts;  thence 
to  Illinois,  and  in  1860,  came  to  this  city.  In 
1867,  Mr,  Clark  built  a  shop  near  where  Goodf el- 
low  and  Eastman  now  are,  and  in  1875,  bought 
his  present  shop  which  is  20x66  feet,  and  two- 
stories  high,  situated  on  the  corner  of  Third 
street  and  Third  Avenue  south.  He  was  mar- 
ried December  19th,  18.52,  to  Eliza  Bliss,  of  2dass- 
aehusetts,  who  has  borne  him  nine  children, 
seven  of  whom  are  living. 

II.  B.  Clark  was  born  in  Brockton,  ilassachu- 
setts,  March  7th,  1841.  He  received  his  early  ed- 
ucation in  his  native  town  and  worked  for  his 
father  until  1859,  when  he  went  to  California. 
He  returned  in  1861,  and  worked  at  the  whole- 
sale grocery  business  in  Boston,  ilassachusetts, 
until  1869,  when  he  came  to  Minneapolis.  The 
following  year  he  opened  a  meat-market,  and  has 
been  in  that  business  since,  with  the  exception  of 
two  and  one-half  years  wliicli  he  spent  in  charge 
of  the  Xational  Hotel  of  this  city.  He  removed 
to  his  present  location  in  July,  1880. 

Isaac  B.  Clark  was  born  in  Ethngham,  Illinois, 
October  2d,  1856.  When  two  years  of  age  he 
moved  witli  his  parents  to  Missouri,  and  lived 
on  a  farm  until  eighteen  years  old.  In  1874,  he 
removed  to  Galesburg,  and  two  years  later  went 
south;  he  visited  Memphis,  New  Orleans  and 
Saint  Louis,  In  1878.  he  came  to  Minnesota  and 
settled  in  this  city.  In  the  spring  of  1880,  he 
traveled  through  Dakota  and  Montana,  but  re- 
turned here  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year  and 
opened  his  photograph  gallery  on  Washington 
Avenue  south. 

Professor  Jolm  Sinclair  Clark  was  bom  at 
Saint  Marys,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1849.  After  teach- 
ing for  a  few  years  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  in 
Jime  1870,  and  entered  the  classical  course  at 
the  University.  Acting  as  assistant  librarian  of 
the  institution  for  four  years  he  thus  furnished 
himself  with  the  means  necessary  to  carry 
through  the  full  University  course,  and  grad- 
uated in  June,  1876,  He  was  immediately  ten- 
dered, and  accepted,  the  position  of  instnictor  in 
Latin  and  mathematics.  This  place  he  filled 
until  the  spring  of  1880,  when  he  was  appointed 


BIOGBArHICAL. 


529 


assistant  professor  of  Latin,  and  still  remains  as 
such. 

Jolni  Clark,  a  native  of  Norfolk,  England,  was 
born  November  13th,  1827.  lie  came  with  his 
parents  to  America  in  1834,  and  located  at  Gene- 
see, New  York;  remained  tliere  three  years,  and 
then  removed  to  Kishwaukee,  Illinois,  where  he 
resided  until  1867,  when  he  came  to  this  city,  and 
has  since  lived  here,  with  the  exception  of  eight- 
een nitintlis  passed  in  Florida.  While  at  Kish- 
waukee he  learned  the  trade  of  carriage-making 
and  blacksmithing,  and  has  been  in  that  busi- 
ness nearly  all  his  life.  He  was  married  in  Illi- 
nois to  Miss  Esther  Palmer.  They  are  the  par- 
ents of  five  children:  Ella,  now  the  wife  of  J.  W. 
Crockett,  Walter,  Frederick,  Luther  and  Charles. 

John  W.  Clark  was  born  at  Minneapolis,  .Jan- 
uary •'Jth,  1861.  He  is  engaged  as  book-keeper 
for  his  father,  F.  P.  Clark,  at  his  saw-mill  on  the 
corner  of  Main  street  and  Fourth  Avenue  N.  E. 

Gilbert  Clough  is  a  native  of  Lyme,  New 
Hampshire;  he  was  born  August  26th,  1839,  and 
came  to  Minneapolis  with  his  parents  in  1857. 
He  worked  at  logging  from  the  time  of  his  arriv- 
al, and  in  1866  went  into  the  business  with  his 
brother,  U.  M.  Clough;  their  cut  the  first  year 
was  one  and  one-half  million  feet;  it  now  amounts 
to  about  eighteen  millions  annually.  Mr.  Clough's 
wife  was  Fannie  Shereton,  whom  he  married  May 
28th,  1873.  They  reside  on  Fifth  street  near 
Fourth  Avenue  S.  E. 

Rev.  Daniel  Cobb,  A.  M.,  was  born  November 
7th,  1818,  in  Onondaga  county.  New  York, 
where  his  father  was  a  preachei-  for  forty  years. 
The  suliject  of  this  sketch  was  converted  May 
5tli,  1839;  educated  in  the  Onondaga  institute, 
teaching  school  at  different  times;  entered  the 
ministry  in  1843,  at  the  Oneida  animal  confer- 
ence. First  appointment  for  one  year  to  El- 
bridge  and  Sennet;  next  to  Freetown.  Then 
for  two  years  each  at  the  towns  of  Owasco,  Mor- 
avia, Asbury,  Cortlandsville,  Norwich,  New 
York  Mills,  Utica.  "Was  transferred  to  the  Min- 
nesota conference  in  1857,  and  appointed  presid- 
ing elder  of  the  Winona  district  for  two  years; 
from  there  to  the  lied  Wing  district  as  presiding 
elder  for  four  years;  after  that,  stationed  in  Min- 
neapolis, in  what  is  now  the  Centenary  church; 
then  appointed  chaplain  for  the  Sixth  Minnesota 

Regiment,  remaining  in  the  chaplaincy  until  the 
34 


close  of  the  war;  was  present  at  the  last  battle  at 
Fort  Blakely,  Mobile.  On  returning  home  in 
August,  1865,  was  mustered  out  of  sei-vice,  and 
the  September  following,  was  appointed  to  the 
Jackson  street  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  St. 
Paul  for  three  years;  thence  to  Rocliester  two 
years;  then  to  the  Minneapolis  first  churcli  for 
one  year;  at  the  end  of  that  time,  took  a  super- 
numary  relation  and  went  east  on  a  visit  for  one 
year, preaching  at  the  Asligreen  Methodist  Episco- 
pal church,  Albany,  New  York,  for  seven  months, 
and  the  Wall  street  church,  Auburn,  two  months. 
Returning  to  ilinnesota  at  the  end  of  the  year, 
was  appointed  presiding  elder  for  the  ^Minneapo- 
lis  district  for  two  years,  and  presiding  elder  for 
St.  Paul  district  for  two  years;  thence  to  the  Cen- 
tenary church  for  two  years;  then  appointed  pre- 
siding elder  of  the  Owatonna  district  for  four 
years;  when  he  came  to  Minnesota  in  1857,  as 
presiding  elder  of  the  Winona  district,  there  was 
twenty-two  thousand  sipiare  miles  of  territory  to 
look  after.  Providing  himself  with  a  pair  of  In- 
dian ponies  and  a  buckboard,  drove  for  four  years 
organizing  (piarterly  conferences;  establishing 
churches,  preacbing,and  in  one  year,  preached  two 
hundred  and  eighty-six  sermons,  taking  wheat 
for  pay,  throwing  the  sacks  into  his  wagon  and 
carrying  it  to  Red  Wing  to  sell.  lie  has  taken 
charge  of  forty-nine  camp  meetings,  extending 
from  the  Iowa  line  to  Breckenridge;  was  elected 
chaplain  in  the  Minnesota  legislature  for  two 
years.  First  candidate  for  governor  on  tlie  pro- 
hibition ticket  in  I860.  For  tliirty-seven  years 
this  veteran  of  Methodism  has  preached  every 
Sunday  excepting  the  time  he  was  in  the  army, 
and  one  Sabbath  out  of  the  desk,  on  account  of 
sickness.  The  honorary  degree  of  A.  M.  was 
conferred  upon  him  by  State  University  at  Ath- 
ens, Ohio.  Married  April  22d,  1858,  in  Red 
Wing,  to  Louisa  M.  Sherman,  who  was  educated 
at  Fort  Edwards,  New  York,  and  for  three 
years  was  preceptress  in  the  Ilamline  University. 
They  have  three  children;  ^Vlonzo  W.,  Temper- 
ence  Irene,  and  Ida  May. 

H.  J.  Cobb,  a  native  of  Harmony,  Somerset 
county,  Maine,  was  born  in  1837.  He  came  to  St. 
Anthony  November,  1853,  and  engaged  in  lum- 
bering. In  the  summer  of  1855  he  brought  the 
first  cattle  on  a  steamer  from  Rock  Island,  Il- 
linois, and  has  since  that  time  been  engaged  in  the 


530 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


cattle  trade,  with  the  exception  of  three  or  foiu- 
summers.  Mr.  Cobb  is  the  pioneer  cattle  dealer 
of  tliis  county.  He  is  now  a  member  of  the  firm 
of  Smith.  Cobb  and  Brackett,  stock  dealers.  He 
is  also  in  the  grocery  business  on  Fifth  Avenue 
south.  In  1857  Jlr.  Cobb  married  Miss  ;Mary 
Jilonel  of  Harmony.  Maine.  Their  children  are. 
Edward,  George  and  Grade. 

AV.  C.  Colbrath  was  born  in  Adrian.  Michigan, 
in  August,  1848.  He  came  here  in  1864  and 
worked  for  leading  druggists  of  the  city  until 
187i!,  when  he  went  into  business  with  a  partner; 
after  two  and  one-half  years  he  bought  his  part^ 
ner's  interest  and  has  carried  on  the  busmess  alone 
since  that  time.  He  keeps  a  fine  line  of  artists" 
and  carriage  painter's  materials  and  occupies  the 
floor  and  basement  of  his  store.  Xo.  43  Washing- 
ton Avenue  south.  Mr.  Colljrath  was  married  in 
1874  to  Lucy  C.  Kussell.  daughter  of  R.  P.  Rus- 
sell, one  of  the  pioneers  of  this  county. 

Emerson  Cole,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  was 
born  in  Milan  in  1S3S1.  He  came  to  Minneapolis 
in  1864  and  engaged  in  the  milling  business,  which 
he  has  followed  to  the  present  time.  His  wife 
was  Agnes  0"Xeill  of  St.  Paul.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  Cole  and  Hammond,  manufactiu'ers 
of  lumber. 

Thomas  Coleman  is  a  native  of  Ireland :  he 
was  born  in  1838.  In  early  childhood  lie  came 
with  parents  to  Kingston,  Canada ;  he  removed  to 
Chicago.  Illinois,  and  thence  to  Galena,  where  he 
learned  the  shoemaker's  trade  and  worked  until 
1848;  he  then  removed  to  Cincinnati.  Ohio,  and 
from  there  to  California,  but  finally  settled  in 
!MinneapoUs  in  1863.  He  worked  for  different 
boot  and  shoe  houses  here  until  1878,  when  he 
started  in  business  for  himself,  and  has  since 
been  domg  a  good  trade.  In  1865  he  married 
ilargaret  T.  Williams,  who  has  borne  him  two 
children. 

D.  r.  Collins,  M.  D.,  was  bom  in  Cork,  Ireland, 
September  19th.  1850.  and  was  educated  at  St. 
"\'incenfs  Seminary  of  that  city.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  ui  1866.  and  lived  in  Xew  York 
city  one  year,  when  he  went  to  London.  England, 
and  studied  for  two  years ;  he  returned  to  Xew 
Ymk  and  went  to  the  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical 
College,  where  lie  graduated  in  1873  ;  during  the 
same  year  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Medico-legal  Society,  and  in  1875  he  was 


appointed  one  of  the  physicians  connected  with 
the  board  of  public  charities  and  corrections  of 
Xew  York  city.  Dr.  Collins  removed  to  Minne- 
apolis in  February.  1879 ;  since  coming  here  he 
has  been  appointed  consulting  physician  of  the 
orphan  asylum,  and  medical  examiner  of  the 
Catholic  JIutual  Insurance  Association.  He  was 
maiTied  in  Paris.  France.  May  16th.  1874.  to  Miss 
Frances  Brown.  They  have  two  cliildren,  Mark 
and  Jerome. 

Jesse  Collom  was  lioni  at  Meadville.  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  when  a  child  came  to  Sauit  Paul  with 
his  parents.  In  1865  he  came  here  and  attended 
school  for  a  time,  and  in  1870  went  in  Mr.  Mar- 
shall's store  and  learned  the  jeweler's  trade,  re- 
maining two  years.  He  then  went  to  Iowa  and 
to  California,  but  returned  to  this  city  in  1876, 
and  has  since  kept  a  jewelry  store  at  29  Fourth 
street  south.  In  1874  Mr.  Collom  married  Ada 
Xeedliam.  Their  children  are  WiUie  and  Yeniey. 

X.  E.  Colstrom,  a  native  of  Sweden,  was  bom 
May  9th,  1834.  He  emigrated  to  America  in 
1869  and  located  in  this  city.  In  1870  he  married 
Martha  Britha.  They  have  fom- children:  Annie, 
Charles,  John  and  Frank.  Mr.  Colstrom  is  the 
inventor  and  manufacturer  of  the  ilinneapolis 
slab-press  brick  machine,  also  brick  moulders  and 
trucks.  This  machine  was  perfected  in  1876,  by 
Mr.  Colstrom.  who  is  the  sole  proprietor.  Twen- 
tj'-two  thousand  bricks  can  be  turned  out  in  ten 
hours,  by  this  machme.  His  place  is  142  Twelfth 
stieet  north. 

J.  H.  Conkey  was  born  at  Plattsburg.  Xew 
York,  December  25th,  1820.  He  came  west  in 
1850.  and  located  in  Wisconsm.  It  was  he  who 
laid  the  first  iron  on  the  Chicago.  Milwaukee  and 
Saint  Paul  Raih'oad  between  Milwaukee  and 
Waukesha.  In  1859,  in  company  with  R.  B. 
Langdon  and  others,  he  did  the  first  grading  on 
the  Sauit  Paul  and  Pacific  Railroad,  and  after- 
ward engaged  in  busmess  in  Wisconsin  until 
1865.  at  which  time  he  removed  to  Faribault, 
where  he  remained  sLx  years.  He  came  to  this 
city  in  1872,  engaged  m  business  in  company  with 
R.  B.  Langdon  at  the  Union  planing  mill,  and 
has  smce  continued  in  the  same.  Mr.  Conkey 
was  married  in  1848  to  Martha  A.  Langdon.  She 
has  borne  him  sL\  children,  only  three  of  whom 
are  living:  Frank,  Robert  and  Jennie. 

EUas  H.   Connor  was  born  at  Xew  Sharon, 


BIOOBAPHICAL. 


531 


Maine,  August  23d,  1824.  He  lived  in  his  native 
town  until  twenty-one  years  of  age,  then  spent 
three  years  on  the  Penobscot  River.  In  1S4S  he 
came  to  Lakeland,  Minnesota,  opposite  Hudson, 
"Wisconsin,  where  he  worked  one  winter,  then 
located  at  St.  Anthony,  and  has  since  resided 
here.  lie  is  a  carpenter  and  mill-wright,  and  he 
built  the  first  two-story  frame  house  in  the  city, 
for  Captain  Rollins,  in  1849.  He  purchased  lots 
in  1850  and  built  his  present  residence  on  Second 
street  south-east.  He  has  carried  on  a  large 
bushiess  in  contracting,  building  and  drafting; 
he  was  in  charge  of  the  wood  work  on  both  the 
old  and  new  suspension  bridges,  and  drove  the 
first  horse  across  the  old  bridge;  when  the  new 
one  was  building,  Mrs.  Connor  and  her  daughter 
Georgia,  then  only  six  years  old,  walked  to  the 
middle  of  the  bridge  on  a  single  plank,  and  re- 
turned in  safety.  Mr.  Connor  built  the  first 
bridge  across  the  Saint  Croix,  at  Taylors  Falls; 
he  has  built  a  number  of  large  mills  in  different 
cities,  and  has  had  extensive  contracts  in  carpen- 
ter work  in  all  parts  of  the  country  adjacent  to 
Minneapolis.  He  married,  in  1855,  Miss  Hannah 
Rollins,  who  has  borne  him  three  children:  Lil- 
lian, Georgia  and  Rosa. 

A.  S.  Converse,  a  native  of  Wmdsor,  Massa- 
chusetts, was  born  .lanuary  4th,  1820.  When 
eighteen  years  of  age  he  removed  to  Clienango 
county,  New  York,  and  remained  there  in  the 
carriage  making  business  until  1854,  when  he 
came  to  Minnesota,  and  located  in  Dakota  county; 
but  in  January  1855,  he  engaged  in  wagon  and 
carriage  making  in  Minneapolis,  and  has  since 
been  a  resident  of  this  city.  His  wife  was  Caro- 
line Kenyon,  whom  he  married  in  Clienango 
county.  New  York.  Their  children  are:  Van- 
elia,  who  was  the  wife  of  A.  D.  Frescott,  (de- 
ceased), Rufus  and  Alvin.  They  reside  at  No. 
725,  Washmgton  x\verme  north. 

H.  T.  Cook  is  a  native  of  Canada.  At  the  age 
of  six  years  he  moved  with  his  parents  to  New 
York,  and  remained  there  until  1851,  when  he 
went  to  Wisconsin,  and  learned  the  wagon  makers' 
trade  at  Oshkosh,  after  which  he  removed  to 
lovia;  came  to  this  city  in  1877,  and  has  been  in 
business  here  since.  His  wife  was  Zayda  IIol- 
sen,  of  Iowa,  whom  he  married  m  1853.  She  has 
borne  him  three  children. 

C.  II.  Cook  was  born  in  the  state  of  New  York 


in  1846.  In  1851  he  went  with  his  brother  to 
Wisconsin,  then  passed  some  time  in  Iowa,  and 
came  to  Minneapolis  in  the  spring  of  1880.  He 
was  married  in  1875  to  Frances  Becker.  They 
have  two  children. 

Grove  B.  Cooley  was  born  at  Attica,  New 
York,  December  10th,  1827.  In  1848  he  began 
the  study  of  law  at  Canandaigua,  and  two  years 
later,  moved  to  Wisconsin,  where  he  was  a  pro- 
fessor in  the  Ripon  College  from  1853  to  1858, 
teaching  the  dead  languages  and  the  higher 
branches  of  mathematics.  In  the  autumn  of  1858 
he  removed  to  Minnesota  and  located  at  Mantor- 
ville.  Dodge  county,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law,  serving  four  years  as  coimty  at- 
terney  and  eight  years  judge  of  probate.  He  was 
also  a  leading  memljer  of  the  board  of  education 
of  ;Mantorville.  lie  was  a  member  of  the  state 
legislature  hi  1872  and  chairman  of  the  judiciary 
committee,  leaving  a  good  record.  He  was  asso- 
ciated for  two  years  with  Hon.  A.  J.  Edgerton, 
now  United  States  Senator,  in  the  practice  of  law 
at  Mantorville,  under  the  firm  name  of  Edgerton 
and  Cooley.  For  four  years  he  was  a  partner  of 
Hon.  Samuel  Lord,  now  deceased,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Cooley  and  Lord.  In  1872,  Judge  Cooley 
came  to  Minneapolis  and  entered  into  partnership 
with  Thomas  Lowry,  whicli  continued  until  the 
spring  of  1874,  when  he  was  unanimously  elected 
judge  of  the  municipal  court  of  Minneapolis, 
which  position  he  has  filled  to  the  general  satis- 
faction of  the  public  and  continues  to  hold.  In 
1856  he  was  made  a  Master  Mason  in  the  Ripon 
Lodge,  Ripon,  Wisconsin,  and  has  since  been  an 
active  member  and  a  diligent  ^lasonic  student. 
In  1872,  he  was  Grand  Master  of  Masons  in  ^Min- 
nesota. 

George  W^.  Cooley,  civil  engineer,  office  411  Nic- 
ollet Avenue.  Mr.  Cooley  is  a  native  of  New 
York  city;  he  was  born  in  the  year  1845,  and 
lived  with  Ms  parents  until  nineteen  years  of  age, 
when  he  came  West  and  engaged  with  the  St. 
Paul  and  Pacific  Railway  Company  as  assistant 
engineer,  and  served  in  their  surveys  until  1867. 
It  was  he  who  drove  the  first  stake  for  the  St. 
Paul  and  Pacific  Railway  west  of  the  Mississippi. 
During  1867-"G8-"69  he  was  engaged  in  the  United 
(States  surveys  in  Mmnesota  and  Dakota.  He 
located  the  junction  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
way with  the  Lake  Superior  and  Mississippi,  and 


532 


HISTOET  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


commenced  the  construction  of  the  Northern  Pa- 
cific Railway  February  loth,  1S70,  under  General 
Ira  Spaiilding.  In  ISTO  Mr.  Cuoley  resumed  busi- 
ness in  ilinneapolis  as  civil  engineer  and  surveyor, 
and  has  conti.uied  in  the  same  line  to  the  present 
time.  lie  has  surveyed  about  one-third  of  this 
city,  and  has  been  engaged  on  many  of  the  rail- 
roads and  public  improvements  throughout  the 
country.  He  served  one  term  as  county  survey- 
or, was  assistant  engineer  of  the  falls  improve- 
ment, also  of  the  work  on  the  Minnesota  river, 
and  has  lately  completed  the  improvement  of 
Hull's  Narrows,  Lake  Minnetonka,  having  been 
ai)pointed  by  the  legislature.  Mr.  Cooley  is  now 
chief  engineer  of  the  Minneapolis,  Lyndale  and 
Lake  Calhoun  Railway. 

Joseph  Coombs  was  born  in  the  year  1831,  in 
England.  He  came  to  America  in  1852  and  lived 
four  and  one-half  years  in  Maine,  then  came  to 
St.  Anthony  and  took  a  homestead.  For  two 
years  he  worked  in  the  mines  near  Lake  Supe- 
rior, and  in  1864  returned  to  Maine,  where  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Agnes  L.  Conary.  He  re- 
mained there  nearly  two  years,  then  returned  to 
Minneapolis,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  the 
coopering  business  here.  ^Ir.  Coombs  resides  at 
605  Twelfth  Avenue  south. 

B.  Cooper,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born 
in  Lancaster  county,  in  1841.  He  came  to  this 
city  in  1857,  and  for  about  seven  years  was  en- 
gaged in  carpenter  work  and  farming,  with  the 
exception  of  some  time  spent  south  during  the 
war.  Mr.  Cooper  is  now  engaged  in  contracting 
and  building.  The  following  are  a  few  of  the 
many  buildings  erected  by  him:  The  residences 
of  Mrs.  Byers,  W.  B.  Jackson,  J.  M.  Williams 
and  D.  R.  Barber.  He  employs  about  twenty- 
five  men  ;  office,  corner  of  Hawthorne  Avenue 
and  Twelfth  street.  In  1869  Mr.  Cooper  married 
Addie  Bassett.  They  have  two  children  :  Edna 
and  William. 

Charles  Coot  was  born  in  New  York  city,  Au- 
gust 30th,  1847.  He  moved  here  in  October, 
1875,  and  worked  one  year  in  the  car  shops  of  the 
street  railway.  In  1876  he  went  to  work  for  J. 
T.  Elwell,  in  the  spring-bed  business,  and  has 
charge  of  the  maiuifacturing  department.  At 
the  age  of  seventeen  Mr.  Coot  enlisted  m  the 
United  States  navy ;  he  was  on  the  Ladonia,  an 
iron-side  steamer,  eight  months,  tlien  was  trans- 


ferred to  another  steamer  and  remained  until  the 
close  of  the  war .  He  was  honoral)ly  discharged 
April,  1865. 

Judge  F.  R.  E.  Cornell  was  born  November 
17th,  1821,  at  Coventry,  Chenango  county.  New 
York.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  began  teaching 
winters,  and  when  possible  to  do  so  he  attended 
school  at  Oxford  Academy.  In  1840  he  entered 
Union  College  at  Schenectady,  and  after  gradua- 
ting in  1842  taught  several  years,  in  the  meantime 
reading  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1846,  and  commenced  practice  with  A.  G.  Chat- 
field,  the  late  Judge  Chatfield  of  this  state;  con- 
tinued until  1854,  when  he  came  to  Minneapolis. 
He  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in  New  York, 
has  been  a  member  of  the  city  council,  of  the 
state  legislature  several  times,  and  was  attorney 
general  six  years.  In  January,  1875,  he  took  his 
seat  as  associate  judge  of  the  supreme  court,  and 
still  holds  that  position.  His  marriage  with  Eliza 
Burgess  occmred  in  1847.  They  have  had  three 
children;  the  living  are  Frank  and  Carrie. 

Charles  Copliu  was  bom  in  La  Porte  comity, 
Indiana,  October  13th,  1849.  In  1864  he  moved 
to  Richmond,  remaining  one  and  one-half  years; 
thence  to  Chicago  for  two  years  and  on  to  Iowa. 
He  located  m  Minneapolis  in  1874,  dealing  in 
groceries  two  years,  then  went  into  the  meat 
market  with  Fortier  and  Company.  Their  place  of 
business  is  known  as  the  "Excelsior  Market." 
Mr.  Copliu  was  married  December  13th,  1876. 

T.  W.  Correns,  a  native  of  St.  Lawrence  coun- 
ty. New  York,  was  born  in  1835.  His  early  life 
was  spent  in  farming;  in  1872  he  went  to  Iowa 
and  remained  six  years.  He  came  to  Mimieap- 
olis  in  1878,  since  which  time  he  has  kept  a  sa- 
loon at  525  Washington  Aveiuie  south. 

Wyman  Costigan  was  born  in  Penobscot  coun- 
ty, JIaine,  December,  1844.  He  became  a  resi- 
dent of  Minneapolis  in  1869,  and  was  a  lumber- 
man until  lie  entered  into  partnership  with  For- 
tier and  Coplm  in  1875.     He  was  married  in  1866. 

Andrew  Craik  was  born  in  Scotland  in  1817. 
When  an  infant  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Can- 
ada, and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  commenced  to 
learn  milling.  In  1846  he  removed  to  Tlnee  Riv- 
ers, Canada,  and  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
oat-meal  for  the  Quebec  market.  In  1861  he  re- 
moved to  La  Crosse,  Wisconsin,  and  eight  years 
later  came  to  this  city;  he   purchased  the  Edina 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


533 


mills  at  Richfield,  and  lias  since  conducted  them, 
in  company  with  his  brother  John.  He  also  has 
a  flour  and  feed  store  at  219  First  Avenue  south. 
Mr.  Craik  was  the  first  man  to  manufacture  pearl 
barley  and  oat  meal  in  the  state  of  Minnesota. 
His  wife  was  Miss  Elizabeth  Broadfoot  of  Scot- 
land. She  has  borne  him  six  children:  William, 
James,  John,  Andrew,  Isabel  and  Alexander. 

E.  A.  Cramsie,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  was 
born  at  Philadelphia,  in  1836.  He  learned  the 
blacksmith's  trade,  and  in  1866,  moved  to  St. 
Paul,  where  he  worked  at  his  trade  with  his 
father  and  brother.  He  enlisted  in  the  Tenth 
Minnesota  Infantry  and  served  until  the  regi- 
ment was  discharged;  on  his  return  from  the 
army ,  he  came  to  this  city  and  worked  for  dif- 
ferent persons  until  1875,  when  he  established  bu- 
siness for  himself  at  111  Main  street  south-east; 
he  now  has  a  partner  and  they  transact  a  general 
blacksmithing  business,  making  a  specialty  of 
fine  horse-shoeing.  Mr.  Cramsie  married  Miss 
Mary  Ahem,  of  St.  Paul,  in  1858.  They  have 
had  seven  children. 

M.  H.  Crittenden,  born  in  Washtenaw  county, 
Michigan,  in  1834.  In  1855,  he  moved  to  'Winona, 
Minnesota,  engaged  in  farming  until  1863,  when 
he  went  to  Rochester  and  embarked  in  mercan- 
tile business.  In  1867,  he  removed  to  St.  Paul 
and  commenced  the  manufacture  of  galvanized 
iron  cornice,  roofs,  etc.  Mr.  Seribner,  his  pres- 
ent partner  became  interested  with  him  in  1S72; 
their  office  and  factory  in  St.  Paul  is  on  the  corner 
of  Sibley  and  east  Sixth  streets,  and  in  this  city 
at  203  and  205  First  Avenue  north.  Mr.  Crit- 
tenden was  married  to  Miss  Murray,  in  1855. 
They  are  the  parents  of  two  children. 

A.  J.  Creigh  has  been  identified  with  the  city 
of  Minneapolis  since  1876;  he  came  here  that 
year  as  the  agent  of  Emerson,  Fisher  and  Com- 
pany, carriage  manufacturers  of  Cincinnati,  and 
has  since,  by  square  dealing,  and  strict  attention 
to  business,  established  a  good  trade  which  is 
yearly  increasing.  The  sales  for  the  year  1880, 
amounted  to  six  hundred  buggies;  lie  also  deals 
largely  in  horses  and  harness. 

Richard  Crosby,  a  native  of  Canada,  was  born 
January  23d,  1851.  He  came  with  his  parents  to 
Le  Sueur  county,  Minnesota,  w'lien  he  was  five 
years  of  age,  and  remained  on  a  farm  until  he  was 
nineteen.     Came  to  Minneapolis  in  1874,  and  has 


worked  as  mill  wright  since  that  time.  He  has 
been  employed  bi  tlie  Anchor  mill  since  June, 
1879,  occupying  the  position  of  head  mill-wright. 
Mr.  Crosby  was  married  in  1874;  his  wife  was 
Eveline  A.  Campbell,  who  died  in  August,  1876, 
leaving  one  child,  Alice  M. 

Captain  Judson  Kewell  Cross  was  born  January 
16th,  1838,  in  the  town  of  Philadelphia,  Jefferson 
county.  New  York.  He  is  the  son  of  Rev.  Gor- 
ham  Cross,  who  was  pastor  of  the  Congregational 
Church  at  Richville,  St.  Lawrence  county.  New 
York,  for  forty  years.  He  went  to  Olierlin  College, 
Ohio,  at  the  age  of  seventeen  and  remained  until 
the  war  broke  out,  supporting  himself  by  teach- 
ing during  the  college  vacations,  which  at  that 
time  were  in  the  winter.  He  was  the  second  one 
to  sign  the  roll  at  the  great  church  at  Oberlin, 
April  20th,  1861,  when  after  a  stirring  speech  by 
Professor  Monroe,  a  hundred  college  students  en- 
listed in  a  half  hour  and  became  the  somewhat 
famous  company  C,  Seventh  Ohio  Infantry  regi- 
ment. He  was  commissioned  its  first  lieutenant 
April  2fith,  1861  ;  he  was  with  his  regiment 
through  the  several  campaigns  in  West  Virginia, 
under  Generals  McClellan,  Rosencranz  and  Cox, 
was  severely  wounded  in  the  arm  and  shoul- 
der, and  taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Cross 
Lanes  in  West  Virginia,  August  26th,  1861;  being 
too  badly  wounded  to  be  sent  on  to  Richmond  he 
was  kept  in  the  rebel  camp  during  the  battle  of 
Carnifax  Ferry,  September  10th,  where  (ieneral 
Rosencranz  first  won  his  fame,  and  at  the  ferry 
the  next  day,  when  the  two  armies,  Generals 
Floyd  and  Henry  A.  Wise  on  the  rebel  side, 
fought  several  liours  over  them  at  Clifton,  and 
was  finally  recaptured  by  (feneral  Rosencranz  on 
the  11th  of  September.  He  was  taken  by  slow 
stages  to  Cincinnati,where  he  was  skilfully  treated 
by  Dr.  Muzzy  and  his  arm  saved.  November 
25th,  1861,  he  was  promoted  to  captain  of  com- 
pany K,  the  same  regiment,  and  as  soon  as  able 
he  was  detailed  as  recruiting  officer  at  Cleveland, 
where  he  remained  until  he  rejoined  his  regiment 
early  in  1863,  at  Dumfries,  Virginia,  having  been 
married  to  Clara  Steele  Norton  at  Oberlin.  Ohio, 
September  11th,  1862.  His  wound  gave  him  so 
much  trouble  that  he  resigned  February  9th,  1863, 
and  studied  law  at  the  Albany  law  school  until 
June  13th  1863,  when  he  was  commissioned  first 
lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  regiment  V.  R.  C,  and 


53 1 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


promoted  to  captain.  Ootober  28th,  1863.  by  Presi- 
dent Lincoln,  and  \\as  stationed  at  Cleveland,  St. 
Louis,  and  Indianapolis.  In  December,  1863,  he 
was  placed  in  command  of  the  military  post  at 
liladisou.  Indiana,  remaining  imtil  April,  1864, 
when  he  was  made  acting  assistant  adjutant  gen- 
eral of  the  district  of  Indiana,  and  chief  of  staff 
of  the  commanding  general  of  that  district.  In 
July  following  he  was  ordered  to  "Washington,  D. 
C,  and  received  the  appointment  of  assistant  pro- 
vost marshal  of  the  dish-let  of  Washington,  and 
placed  on  the  staff  of  the  military  governor.  In 
November  he  was  appointed  provost  marshal  of 
Georgetown,  D.  C,  and  soon  after  special  mus- 
tering officer,  to  muster  for  pay  at  Annapolis, 
JIaryland,  the  eighteen  thousand  returned  pris- 
oners of  war  from  Andersonville.  He  resigned 
his  commission  and  was  honorably  discharged 
March  16th,  1865.  He  finished  his  law  studies  at 
Columbia  College,  New  York  city  and  the  Albany 
law  school,  graduating  in  the  spring  of  1866.  lie 
soon  commenced  practicing  law  at  Lyons,  Iowa, 
of  which  city  he  was  elected  mayor  in  1871.  He 
remained  in  Lyons  nearly  ten  years  as  partner  of 
of  Hon.  A.  R.  Cotton,  who  was  in  congress  part 
of  the  time.  Captain  Cross  came  to  ilimieapolis 
October  15th,  1875,  and  formed  a  law  partnership 
with  his  old  friend  and  classmate.  Col.  H.  G. 
Hicks,  with  whom  he  is  still  in  active  practice. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Plymouth  Congregational 
Church  of  this  city,  and  in  politics  is  a  republican. 
He  has  four  children  living:  Kate  Bml,  aged  six- 
teen; Morton  Murdock,  aged  fourteen;  Nellie 
Malura,  aged  eleven,  and  Clara  Amelia,  aged 
three.    One,  Clevie  S.,  died  in  infancy. 

Wm.  Cross  was  born  in  the  province  of  Onta- 
rio, Canada,  June  9tli,  1858.  He  gi-ew  to  man- 
hood tliere  and  learned  the  trade  of  tinsmith  ;  in 
1879  he  removed  to  ^Minneapolis,  and  worked  at 
his  trade  until  April,  1880,  when  he  started  in  the 
business  with  Hans  Lindas,  the  finn  now  being 
Cross  and  Lindas.  They  deal  in  stoves  and  tin- 
ware, and  manufacture  copper  and  sheet-iron 
utensils.  They  are  located  at  829  Washington 
Avenue  south. 

G.  N.  Culver,  a  native  of  Saint  Paul,  Minne- 
sota, was  born  July  11th,  1857.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  schools  of  that  city  and  com- 
pleted a  course  at  the  Faribault  militaiy  school. 
At  the  age  of  sixteen  years  he  began  business  by 


assisting  his  father,  Geo.  Culver,  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  Metropolitan  hotel  at  Saint  Paul. 
In  the  fall  of  1878  he  started  in  the  book  busi- 
ness, soliciting  for  different  publications.  He 
continued  this  until  December,  1879,  when  he 
established  a  book  store  at  Stillwater,  located  on 
lower  Jlain  street;  and  in  the  winter  of  1880  he 
piu'chased  one-half  interest  in  the  book  store  at 
255  Nicollet  Avenue,  Minneapolis,  firm  name  of 
Culver  and  Merrill.  Sir.  Culver  married  Miss 
Saidee  Ten  Eyck,  in  Saint  Paul,  July  11th,  1879. 

A.  A.  Cummings  was  born  in  Illinois,  near 
Chicago,  November  7th,  1855,  and  made  that  city 
his  home  luitil  he  grew  to  manhood.  lie  learned 
the  painter's  trade  with  WilUam  Glasgow  at  Chi- 
cago, and  worked  with  other  fine  workmen  until 
he  is  now  master  of  the  art.  In  1S77  he  came 
here  and  engaged  in  sign  and  ornamental  paint- 
ing for  Mr.  Wagner.  In  1879  he  formed  a  part- 
nership with  Mr.  J.  M.  Bailsman,  which  con- 
tinued until  October,  1880,  when  Mr.  Cummings 
went  into  business  alone.  His  present  location  is 
at  252  Hennepin  Avenue. 

E.  W.  Cummings,  a  native  of  Lycoming,  Penn- 
sylvania, was  born  in  June,  1825.  He  attended 
York  Academy  seven  years,  and  in  1843  came 
west.  He  traveled  through  several  states,  and 
finally  located  at  Cottage  Grove,  ^Minnesota,  in 
1845.  There  he  opened  a  farm  and  made  some  im- 
provements, but  lost  it,  because  of  being  a  minor. 
In  1847,  he  came  to  Saint  Paul  and  worked  as 
clerk  for  Mr.  Jackson  in  mercantile  business.  The 
fall  following  he  came  to  St.  Anthony  and 
made  a  claim  at  what  is  now  the  junction  of  the 
maui  line  and  liranch  of  the  St.  Paid,  Minneapo- 
lis and  Manitoba  railroad,  improved  it  and  fol- 
lowed general  farming  until  1853,  whsn  he  went 
into  the  real  estate  business,  and  has  been  thus 
occupied  until  the  present  time  ;  his  office  is  at 
100  Central  Avenue.  Mr.  Cumming"s  wife  was 
Martha  Estes,  of  St.  Anthony.  Their  children 
are  Minnie  and  Louise,  both  living  with  their 
parents  at  32o  Sixth  Avenue  south-east. 

R.  R.  Ciunmins,  a  native  of  Delaware  county, 
Pennsylvania,  was  born  May  17th,  1844.  He 
learned  the  trade  of  machinist  at  Philadelphia. 
August  8th,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  the  army  of  the 
Potomac,  and  took  part  in  all  the  battles  in  which 
the  regiment  engaged.  lie  was  mustered  out 
July  23d,  1864,  and  came  to  Eden  Prairie,  Hen- 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


535 


nepin  county.  He  built  the  steamer  "  Mary,"  for 
Captain  Ilalsted,  in  187ti,  and  ran  one  season  as 
her  captain.  Dnring  the  winter  fdllowing  lie  as- 
sisted in  building  the  "  Ilattie,"  and  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1877  he  ran  the  "  Fresco,"  on  Lake  Min- 
netonka.  In  1879  he  came  here,  and  worked  for 
C.  C.  Washburn  three  months,  and  since  that 
time  has  been  in  the  Galaxy  mill.  May  2d,  1805, 
he  married  Georgiana  Leigh,  who  lias  borne  liim 
two  cliildren  :     Oscar  and  Lena. 

T.  C.  Cunningham  was  liorn  at  Bangor,  Mainei 
in  1857.  He  came  to  Minnesota  in  1859,  and  lo- 
cated in  Kice  county,  where  he  followed  milling 
until  coming  to  this  city  in  1876.  He  was  in  the 
restaurant  business  until  January,  1880,  when  he 
took  the  Bushnell  House,  of  which  he  is  now  pro- 
prietor. Mr.  Cunningham  was  married  January 
13th,  1880,  to  Miss  Ellen  Peters. 

C.  C.  Curtiss  was  born  August  23d,  1837,  in  Clin- 
ton, Oneida  county.  New  York.  In  1858  he  grad- 
uated from  the  normal  school  at  Alliany,  and  lias 
since  followed  the  profession  of  teaching,  with 
the  exception  of  two  years  that  he  kept  books,  in 
New  York  city  and  Rochester.  He  came  to  Min- 
nesota in  1869,  liaving  previously  received  tlie  de- 
gree of  M.A.  from  Hamilton  College,  New  York, 
and  settled  m  Rochester,  where  he  was  elected 
city  .superintendent  of  schools,  which  position  he 
held  one  year ;  then  went  to  Winona,  and  re- 
mained four  years,  teaching  penmanship  in  the 
normal  school.  In  1874  he  came  to  ^Minneapolis, 
and  started  "  Curtiss'  Business  College,"  and 
started  another  in  St.  Paul  in  1879.  Mr.  Curtiss 
married  Maggie  Hamilton,  who  has  borne  him 
five  children.  Those  living  are  :  Willie,  Harry, 
and  Fred. 

Theodore  L.  Curtis,  deceased,  a  native  of 
Freeport  Maine,  was  born  in  181 H.  He  came  to 
Minneapolis  in  1855,  and  followed  the  business 
of  contractor  and  builder  for  a  time,  and  after- 
ward engaged  in  furniture  manufacturing  and 
undertakmg.  He  married  Miss  Esther  Moore, 
August  27th,  1846.  Six  children  were  born  to 
them  :  Emma,  Susie,  Fannie,  Theodore,  Etta, 
and  Norman.  Mr.  Curtis  died  September  11,1 874. 

Theodore  F.,  son  of  Theodore  L.  Curtis,  was 
born  at  Portland,  Maine,  February  7th,  1855, 
and  came  here  with  his  parents,  when  a  babe. 
In  1878  he  opened  a  restaurant  at  No.  39,  Wash- 
ington Avenue  south,  afterward  kept  the  "Bon 


Ton,"  and  in  April,  1880,  opened  the  "Fulton 
Market"  restaurant,  at  221,  First  Avenue  south, 
where  he  is  still  in  business. 

James  Cuthbertson,  a  native  of  Canada,  was 
born  in  1843.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1866, 
and  worked  at  pattern  making  for  the  ISIinneap- 
olis  Iron  Works,  and  remained  with  them  three 
years.  In  1870  he  engaged  in  business  for  him- 
self, and  in  1874  the  firm  of  Fender  and  Cuth- 
bertson was  formed;  they  manufacture  the  Stan- 
dard middlings  purifiers,  and  other  mill  furnish- 
ings, at  425,  Fourth  street  south.  Their  goods 
are  largely  used  in  all  the  mills  of  tliis  city,  also 
in  many  other  places  throughout  the  country. 
In  1874  Mr.  Cuthliertson  married  Hannah  Bates; 
two  children  have  been  born  to  them:  Harry 
and  Jennie.  Mrs.  Cuthbertson  died  February 
23d,  1880. 

C.  II.  Daggett,  member  of  the  firm  of  Bid- 
well  and  Company,  was  born  at  Canton,  Massa- 
chusetts, September  19th,  1847.  He  came  to  Min- 
neapolis in  1867,  and  worked  for  M.  D.  Bidwell 
until  1873,  since  which  time  he  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  firm.  He  was  married  in  1873,  to 
Sarah  N.  Bidwell,  of  this  city.  They  have  one 
son;  Hubert  L.,  aged  three  years. 

Alpheus  Dale  was  born  in  the  state  of  Penn- 
sylvania, in  1844.  At  the  age  of  nine  years,  he 
removed  with  his  parents  to  Illinois  and  remained 
there  until  1863,  when  he  removed  to  Iowa, 
and  two  years  later,  came  to  Minneapolis.  He 
worked  at  carpentery  until  1871,  then  started  a 
hack  stable,  and  continued  until  1879,  when  he 
added  a  livery  business.  His  stable  is  located  at 
220  Second  Avenue  north,  where  he  has  accom- 
modations for  thirty-four  horses.  Mr.  Dale  was 
married  February  28tli,  1872,  to  Louisa  Arnold. 

Rudolph  Dalluge,  a  native  of  Germany,  was 
born  November  8th,  1844.  In  the  fall  of  1867, 
he  came  to  America  and  passed  the  winter  in 
Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  coming  to  this  place  the 
following  spring.  He  learned  the  trade  of  black- 
smith in  his  native  country,  and  has  been  engaged 
in  that  business  in  this  city.  He  was  married 
September  13th,  1873,  and  is  the  parent  of  one 
son  and  two  daughters.  He  has  been  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  Dalluge  and  Rapke,  general  black- 
smithing,  since  1S76.  Their  shop,  which  is  locat- 
ed at  106  north  First  street,  is  26x36  feet.  They 
run  two  fires  and  employ  three  men. 


536 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY 


Patrick  Daly,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  bom  in 
Tryone  coiint>'.  April  23d.  1S36.  In  1S57,  he 
went  to  Australia,  where  he  engaged  in  gold 
mining;  in  1865.  he  removed  to  Xew  Zealand, 
and  continued  mining.  In  October,  1870,  he  left 
that  country  for  America,  landed  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, California,  and  after  a  short  time, 
came  to  ^Minneapolis.  Until  1875,  he  was  in  the 
hotel  business;  since  then,  has  sen'ed  on  the 
police  force.  Married  in  1860,  to  Catharine  Fox, 
a  native  of  Ireland.  They  have  had  six  children, 
four  of  whom  are  living. 

T.  K.  Danforth  was  born  in  Nashua.  New 
Hampshire,  in  1824.  He  came  to  Saint  Paul,  in 
the  fall  of  1853,  and  engaged  in  the  express  busi- 
ness for  eleven  years;  then  accepted  a  position 
as  conductor  on  the  Saint  Paul  and  Pacific  rail- 
road, which  he  held  until  1875,  when  he  went  to 
Champlin,  Hennepin  county,  and  engaged  in 
farming  until  1878.  He  then  came  to  this  city 
and  opened  a  livery,  sale  and  boarding  stable, 
which  he  has  since  conducted.  His  location  is 
in  the  rear  of  the  Brigham  house,  on  Hennepin 
Avenue,  between  Fifth  and  Sixth  streets.  He 
was  manied  August  2d.  1857.  to  Olive  Fogg. 
They  have  one  child,  Hattie,  born  Kovember 
26th,  1860. 

S.  Ct.  Daniels,  proprietor  of  the  Bellevue  house, 
corner  Washington  and  Third  Avenue  north, 
was  born  in  Saint  Albans,  "S'ermont,  in  1841. 
He  engaged  m  hotel  business  in  his  native  town, 
then  in  Boston,  Massachusetts,  four  yeare;  in  the 
Cit>-  hotel.  Brattleboro,  Vermont,  two  years;  and 
two  years  in  the  Park  house.  He  built  the  Bel- 
levue house,'  this  city,  in  1870.  It  is,  in  size, 
30x40  feet,  three  stories  higli.  and  contains  thirty- 
one  rooms.  Mr.  Daniels  is  the  oldest  landlord 
in  the  city. 

Frank  Dark  is  the  proprietor  of  the  ^larket 
hotel,  located  corner  of  First  street  and  Firet 
Avenue  north.  The  house  has  a  stable  in  con- 
nection, which  has  room  for  fifty  horses.  The 
proximity  of  this  house  to  the  city  market,  makes 
it  a  favorite  with  the  farmers.  C.  D.  Dark,  son 
of  the  proprietor,  has  charge  of  the  office. 

T.  H.  Darum  was  bom  in  Copenhagen,  Den- 
mark, in  1S48.  He  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1873,  and  for  two  vears  resided  m  Illinois  and 
Wisconsin.  lie  came  to  Minneapolis,  and  for 
five  years  was  traveling  for  A.  Kelly  and  Com- 


pany, selluig  goods.  In  September,  1880,  he 
opened  a  saloon  on  Tenth  Avenue  south,  comer 
of  Second  sti'eet. 

John  Davin  was  born  in  Xorthampton,  Mas- 
sachusetts, in  November,  1852.  His  parents  re- 
moved to  Beloit,  Wisconsin,  when  he  was  a  babe, 
and  in  1864  they  removed  to  this  city.  At  the 
age  of  thirteen,  John  commenced  life  for  himself. 
He  first  worked  on  the  canal,  and  then  went  into 
the  Arctic  mill,  where  he  remained  for  seven 
years.  He  then  went  into  the  old  Washbum  mill 
one  year,  and  came  to  the  Cataract,  where  he 
worked  as  packer  one  year,  and  has  since  re- 
mained in  that  mill.  He  has  learned  milling 
thoroughly. 

Professor  Charles  Davidson  was  born  near 
Hudson,  Ohio.  July  29th,  18.52.  When  he  was 
:  three  years  of  age  his  parents  removed  to  Iowa. 
He  attended  a  select  school  at  Danville,  and  af- 
terward taught  in  his  father's  house,  on  the  farm 
near  GrinneU,  Iowa.  In  1869  he  entered  the  pre- 
paratory department  of  the  Iowa  College,  and  af- 
ter six  yeare,  graduated  m  the  classical  course.  In 
1876  he  entered  the  graduate  department  of  Yale 
College,  and  in  the  fall  of  1877  returned  to  Grin- 
neU, where  he  was  appointed  tutor  in  the  Iowa 
College,  which  position  he  occupied  four  months. 
He  then  taught  six  months  in  the  graded  school 
of  GrinneU.  In  the  summer  of  1878  he  received 
the  Master's  degree,  and  in  the  faU  was  chosen 
professor  of  languages  in  Mitchell  Seminary.  In 
1879,  moved  to  ^Minneapolis,  and  founded  the 
"Minneapolis  Academy."  His  wife,  whom  he 
married  in  1878,  was  Miss  H.  A.  Noyes.  of  Inde- 
pendence, Iowa.  She  was  born  October  29th, 
1852,  and  giaduated  from  the  Iowa  College  in 
1878.  She  supported  herself  durmg  the  entire 
course  by  teaching,  vacations. 

C.  Wright  Davison  was  born  in  Leeds  county, 
Province  of  Ontario,  February  27th,  1849.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  graduated  from  a  country 
winter  school,  and  began  teaching,  receiving  for 
his  services  the  princely  sum  of  six  dollars  and 
fifty  cents  per  month,  and  board.  At  twenty-one 
he  went  to  Nebraska  and  engaged  in  carpenter 
work,  then  as  clerk,  and  afterward  as  district 
agent  for  the  American  Insurance  Company  at 
Kansas  City  and  St.  Louis,  Missouri.  He  then 
engaged  with  Richard  Edwards  on  the  city  direc- 
tory, and  in  the  winter  of  1872  was  sent  by  him 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


537 


to  publish  the  St.  Paul  directory.  In  1873,  re- 
turned with  W.  M.  Campbell,  and  issued  St.  Paul, 
Minneapolis  and  La  Crosse  directories.  In  1874-5 
was  in  tlie  printing  business.  In  1876,  was  man- 
ufacturing fine  furniture,  employing  twenty  men. 
Since  that  time  has  given  his  attention  to  tlie  di- 
rectory and  Abbott's  map  of  Minneapolis,  enjoy- 
ing a  prosperous  business,  the  result  of  grit  and 
perseverance. 

R.  A.  Davison  was  born  in  Ohio.  He  moved 
to  Iowa,  and  engaged  as  cashier  with  Matthews 
and  son,  at  Rockford.  He  remained  there  two 
years,  and  when  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Cedar  Falls  was  organized,  he  accepted  a  posi- 
tion in  it  and  remained  for  six  years.  He  then 
came  to  Minneapolis  and  opened  the  banking 
business  of  R.  A.  Davison  and  t'ompany,  on  the 
east  side.  Mr.  Davison  was  married  to  Miss  Mary 
L.,  daughter  of  Hon.  H.  Leavitt,  of  Waterloo, 
Iowa. 

E.  J.  Davenport  was  born  at  Middlebury,  Ver- 
mont, May  15th,  1852.  He  graduated  at  Middle- 
bury  College  in  1871,  and  came  to  Minneapolis  in 
the  fall  of  that  year.  He  occupied  the  position 
of  deputy  clerk  of  the  district  court  until  1874, 
and  for  the  three  years  following  was  clerk  of  the 
municipal  court.  From  that  time  until  January, 
1881,  he  was  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  ;  then 
entered  upon  his  duties  as  clerk  of  the  district 
court,  to  which  office  he  was  elected  in  the  fall  of 
1880.  He  was  maiTied  June  15th,  1875,  to  Miss 
Jennie  H.  Taylor,  a  grand-daugliter  of  ex-Presi- 
dent Harrison.  They  have  one  child,  Levi  B., 
born  November  11th,  1876. 

J.  H.  Davis  was  born  at  ^V'arren,  Vermont, 
April  12th,  1838.  He  grew  to  manhood  on  a 
farm,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  this  city  in 
1858.  He  engaged  as  check  clerk  with  the  C.  M. 
and  St.  P.  Railway,  and  remained  in  that  position 
until  the  spring  of  1880,  since  which  time  he  has 
given  his  entire  attention  to  his  interest  in  the 
Meyrs  and  Davis  dray  line.  He  became  a  member 
of  that  linn  in  1871.  Mr.  Davis  is  an  unmarried 
man,  and  resides  with  his  mother  at  111  Sixth 
street  south. 

W.  II.  H.  Day,  of  the  firm  of  Smith  &  Day, 
was  born  in  Washington  county,  Maine,  November 
20th,  1840.  He  came  with  his  father  to  Minneap- 
olis in  June,  1854,  and  has  resided  here  since.  In 
March,  1876,  he  entered  into  partnership  with  J. 


R.  Smith  in  the  hardware  business  at  529  Wash- 
ington Avenue  south.  lie  was  married  in  Aug- 
ust, 1863,  to  Nettie  K.  Hanscomb,  of  JLaine. 
They  have  four  children:  Addie  M.,  Franklin  E., 
Fannie  E.  and  Frederic  II. 

William  11.  Davis  was  born  at  Philadelphia, 
Penn.sylvania,  May  1st,  1840.  He  learned  the 
trade  of  machinist,  serving  four  years  with  Al- 
fred Jenks  and  Son.  In  1 866,  removed  to  Canton, 
Ohio,  and  for  five  years  was  foreman  of  E. 
Ball  and  Company's  iron  works.  He  was  engaged 
at  his  trade  in  Wheeling,  Virginia;  returned  to 
Canton,  and  went  to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  until  1876, 
wlien  he  came  to  Minneai)olis  and  engaged  as  su- 
perintendent of  tlie  Harvester  Works,  which  po- 
sition he  held  until  October,  1879.  He  then  en- 
tered into  partnership  witli  IlashowandMaish  in 
the  Variety  Iron  Works.  Mr.  Davis  was  married 
November  24th,  1864.  Children:  Calvin  Hart- 
ley, born  in  Philadelphia,  and  Mabel  Ellen,  born 
in  Canton,  Ohio. 

Ernest  Dean,  a  native  of  Sweden,  was  born  in 
1851.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1866,  located 
in  Hastings,  Mirniesota,  one  winter,  then  came  to 
Minneapolis.  First  worked  at  painting,  and  in 
1870  engaged  with  Greenleaf  and  Buchanan,  deal- 
ers in  boots  and  shoes.  He  then  passed  two  years 
at  Brainerd,  and  on  his  return  to  this  city  en- 
gaged as  salesman  with  Clementson  for  six 
years.  Then  with  C.  A.  Heffelflnger  until  the 
organization  of  the  firm  of  Liljengren  and  Dean, 
furniture  manufacturers,  in  May,  1880.  He  was 
was  married  in  1875  to  Ida  Peterson. 

Joseph  Delorier  was  born  in  Dakota  Territory, 
near  the  Canada  line,  in  1849.  He  moved  to  St. 
Cloud,  Minnesota,  in  1864,  and  to  this  city  four 
years  later.  From  1867,  he  was  engaged  in  sur- 
veying for  seven  yeai-s;  since  then  has  kept  a 
boarding  house  at  No.  13  Second  street  north. 
He  married  Adelaide  Boucher  in  1876,  who  has 
borne  him  one  child,  Wilfred  L. 

Z.  Demeules  was  born  in  lower  Canada  July 
23d,  1838.  He  received  liis  education  at  Montreal 
College  and  came  to  Minnesota  in  1855,  settling 
at  Osseo,  where  he  engaged  as  clerk  in  a  general 
store.  In  1862  he  established  business  for  him- 
self, and  in  1879,  removed  to  Minneapolis  and 
opened  his  grocery  store  at  27  First  sti-eet  south. 
He  has  been  a  notary  public  m  Hennepin  coimty 
for  sixteen  years.    Married  Margaret  Labresche, 


538 


HTSTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


of  Micliigan.  In  1859.  Of  the  nine  children  bom 
to  them,  eight  are  livhig. 

W.  II.  Dennis,  architect,  was  born  in  Delaware 
county.  >'ew  York,  in  1845.  At  the  age  of  fif- 
teen, he  went  to  New  York  citj-,  began  learning 
the  profession  of  architect,  and  made  that  place 
his  home  for  fifteen  years.  During  this  time,  he 
spent  t\\o  years  in  Europe,  perfecting  himself  in 
liis  chosen  profession.  lie  had  charge  of  the  city- 
hall  building  at  Cleveland.  Ohio,  which  cost  half 
a  million  dollare.  and  was  employed  on  the  state 
capitol  of  Michigim.  He  was  married  in  1S77, 
and  came  to  Minneapolis  the  following  year.  He 
drew  the  plans  for  the  residence  of  R.  B.  Lang- 
don  and  the  wholesale  stores  of  T.  A.  HaiTison, 
Wyman  and  Mullin,  Ball  and  Xaylor,  the  Hen- 
nepin Avenue  Methodist  church,  and  many  bther 
prominent  buildings  and  residences. 

D.  Dennison  was  born  in  Farmington,  Maine, 
in  1843.  In  1866  he  removed  to  New  Y'ork  city 
and  remained  there  until  1874,  when  he  came  to 
this  city.  He  was  engaged  with  tlie  firm  of  Bar- 
nard and  Cope,  furniture  manufactmei'S,  until 
the  fall  of  1879,  when  he  became  one  of  the  part^ 
ners  in  the  firm  of  J.  II.  Iliscock  &  Co.  Mr. 
Deimison  was  married  in  1872  to  Helen  Green. 

James  E.  Dennison  was  born  in  Farmington, 
Maine,  in  1842.  In  1865  went  to  Xew  Y'ork  city 
and  eight  years  later  removed  to  Little  Falls, 
S'ew  Y'ork,  where  he  was  employed  as  foreman 
in  a  furniture  factory.  He  then  retiu-ned  to 
Maine  and  came  to  Minneapolis  in  February, 
1880,  and  engaged  in  the  fiuniture  manufactur- 
ing business  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  J.  H. 
Hiscock  &  Co.  In  September,  1862,  he  enlisted 
in  the  Eighth  Maine  and  sened  thirteen  months 
as  member  of  the  band.  He  then  went  to  Cali- 
fornia and  remained  until  he  went  to  New  Y'ork 
in  I860. 

II.  T.  Dick,  a  native  of  New  Y'ork,  was  boni  in 
1844.  He  was  engaged  in  the  restaurant  business 
in  Iowa  for  several  years,  and  came  to  this  city  in 
1878.  where  he  opened  a  restaurant  on  First 
Avenue  south,  but  not  making  it  pay,  he  removed 
to  Washington  Avenue  south,  and  in  December, 
1880,  opened  at  his  present  location  405  XicoUet 
Avenue,  where  he  has  accommodations  for  forty 
people.  He  manied  Lizzie  Ceperley  in  1872,  and 
has  three  children;  Maud,  Charles  and  Hattie. 

Seymour  Dickinson  was  born  m  St.  Lawrence 


county,  New  York,  April  5th,  1843.  Moved  to 
Wisconsin  in  1856,  and  in  1862,  enlisted  in  the 
Twenty-fii-st  Infantry;  re-enlisted  in  the  Third 
Wisconsin  Cavaliy  in  1863,  and  served  imtil  his 
discharge  in  the  fall  of  ls65.  In  1873,  went  into 
the  sewing  machine  business,  and  two  years  later, 
removed  to  Owatonna,  Minnesota.  In  1879, 
came  to  Minneapolis  and  has  had  charge  of  the  of- 
fice of  the  American  Sewing  ^lacliine  since.  He 
was  married  in  1860  to  Matilda  Eickel,  by  whom 
he  had  two  children:  Elsie  and  Yiola.  His  first 
wife  ilied  in  1873,  and  he  maixied  in  1875.  Fanny 
L.  Peet.  Their  children  are.  Agnes.  Ida.  and 
Warren. 

Fred.  W.  DiUingham  was  bom  in  Oxford  coun- 
ty, Maine,  August  11th,  1851.  In  early  youth  he 
came  with  his  parents  to  Miiuieapolis  where  he 
was  educated  at  the  common  schools  and  State 
University.  He  worked  for  his  father,  one  of  the 
pioneere  of  this  county,  mitil  1876.  when  he  en- 
gaged as  salesman  with  the  North  Star  Boot  and 
Shoe  Company,  in  which  position  he  still  con- 
tinues. 

Charles  B.  Dixon  was  bom  at  Janes\Tlle,  Wis- 
consin. July  27th.  1856.  While  young,  his  pa- 
rents moved  to  New  Y'ork,  and  he  grew  to  man- 
hood in  that  state,  learning  the  milling  business 
at  Lockport.  Came  to  ilinueapohs  in  Jidy.  1879, 
and  worked  at  the  Standard  mill.  He  was  mar- 
ried January  28th,  1878,  at  Lockport,  New  Y'ork, 
to  Miss  Helen  Eager. 

J.  S.  Dodge,  a  native  of  New  Y'ork,  was  bom  in 
Oswego  county,  ilarch  18th,  1853.  He  learned 
milling  in  his  native  town,  Pulaski.  Came  to 
this  city  in  1870,  and  engaged  as  head  stone-dresser 
at  the  Washlnirn  B  mill.  Two  years  later  he 
removed  to  Elkader,  Iowa,  and  had  charge  of  the 
Elkader  mills.  He  returned  to  Minneapolis  in 
1874  and  has  since  been  with  the  Washburn  mills. 
Since  January,  1880.  he  has  had  charge  of  the 
Hungarian  department  ui  the  C  mUl.  Married 
Ida  Sherman  of  Iowa,  September  18th,  1876. 

A.  M.  Dole  was  born  in  Waterbiu-y.  Vermont, 
March  1st,  1814.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  went  to 
Ottawa,  Canada,  and  was  with  Hamilton  Brothers 
in  the  lumber  business.  Then  engaged  in  mer- 
chandise and  lumber  business  at  Pembrook,  On- 
tario, mider  firm  name  of  Cameron  and  Co.  In 
1855  he  came  west  on  a  prospecting  tour  and  after 
seeing   Minneapolis,  determined  to  make    that 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


539 


place  his  home  at  some  future  time.  He  started 
a  luml)er  mill  at  Chippewa  Falls,  Wisconsin,  and 
continued  there  until  1862,  when  he  sold  his  in- 
terest to  his  partner  and  managed  his  business  in 
Canada  mitil  1872,  when  he  came  to  this  place. 
In  1878,  he  became  interested  in  the  Star  Oil 
Company,  of  which  he  is  the  manager.  Married 
in  1857,  Miss  S.  M.  Stiles  of  Fort  Covington,  New 
York.  They  have  had  two  children,  Fannie  J. 
and  George.  Fannie  died  in  186S  and  George  is 
with  his  father  in  the  Star  Oil  Company. 

James  Albert  Dodge,  professor  of  chemistry 
in  the  University  of  Minnesota,  was  born  at  Sa- 
lem, ISIassachusetts,  March  27th,  1848.  He  grad- 
uated at  the  Salem  high  school  in  1863,  entered 
the  classical  course  at  Harvard  University  in 
1865,  and  graduated  in  1869.  He  next  taught 
school  one  year  in  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  thence 
returned  to  Salem  and  taught  in  the  high  school 
three  years,  paying  close  attention  to  the  science 
of  chemistry.  In  1873,  he  went  to  Europe,  pur- 
suing the  study  of  chemisti-y  at  the  Universities 
of  Heidelberg  and  Berlin,  in  Germany.  He  went 
from  Germany  to  Mancliester,  England,  and 
studied  with  Professor  H.  E.  Roscoe,  the  famous 
chemist.  In  1875,  he  returned  home  and  taught 
in  the  Omaha,  Nebraska  high  school,  making  a 
specialty  of  teaching  cliemistry.  In  the  fall  of 
1876,  he  returned  to  Europe  to  complete  his 
studies  at  Leipsic  and  Heidelberg,  receiving  fi'om 
the  latter  tlie  degree  of  Ph.  I),  in  tlie  spring  of 
1878.  Returning  home  he  took  a  position  as  pro- 
fessor of  natural  science  in  Baldwin  college  at 
Berea,  Ohio.  In  the  fall  of  1880,  he  accepted 
the  offer  of  professor  of  chemistry  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Minnesota. 

John  W.  Doell  was  born  in  Saxony,  German 
Empire,  August  28th,  1851.  After  attending  col- 
lege at  Eisenach  four  years,  he  came  to  America 
in  1867,  and  was  engaged  for  several  years  as  a 
type-setter  m  Philadelphia  and  Pittsburgh.  In 
1872.  he  came  to  Addisou,  Illinois,  where  he  com- 
pleted his  studies  in  English  at  tlie  Seminary 
whence  he  graduated  in  1874.  Coming  to  ilin- 
neapolis,  he  was  engaged  in  teaching  Trinity 
Parochial  school,  continuing  until  November  1st, 
1880,  when  he  resigned. 

W.  A.  Dolliver  was  born  at  Kenduskeag.  Maine, 
October  2d,  1844.  lie  received  liis  education  in 
his  native  town  and  remained  there  until  the  age 


of  twenty-one,  when  he  went  to  Bangor,  Maine, 
and  began  in  liusiness  as  an  insurance  agent. 
He  remained  at  Bangor  until  coming  to  Minne- 
apolis in  1874,  and  has  since  resided  here.  He 
still  continues  in  insurance  and  now  conducts 
what  is  known  as  Dollivers'  Insurance  Exchange, 
representing  six  of  the  leading  companies.  He 
was  united  in  maiTiage,  November  15th,  1870,  to 
Miss  Ella  Simonton,  of  Maine.  They  are  parents 
of  one  son,  aged  one  year. 

Edward  Donlin  was  born  in  November,  1824, 
and  is  a  native  of  Ireland.  He  came  to  America, 
in  1839,  and  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  Minne- 
sota, locating  in  Washiugton  Lake  township, 
Sibley  county;  he  had  the  honor  of  naming  the 
township.  In  1865  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and 
was  employed  by  others  seven  years,  then  com- 
menced business  for  himself,  and  is  now  proprie- 
tor of  the  North-west«rn  Marble  Works.  He 
was  married  in  1849  to  Miss  Jane  S.  Bunnell,  of 
New  York  city.   They  are  parents  of  six  children. 

M.  Donnelly  was  born  in  Lewis  county.  New 
York,  January  31st,  1837.  He  learned  the  shoe- 
maker's trade  at  Booneville,  Oneida  county.  He 
first  started  in  the  pursuit  of  his  trade  in  his  na- 
tive county.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1872, 
and  started  in  the  boot  and  shoe  business  in  Feb- 
ruary of  the  next  year,  at  his  present  location, 
312  Washington  Avenue  north.  He  employs 
nine  men  who  are  constantly  at  work  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  all  kinds  of  boots  and  shoes  to  order. 
He  married  Helen  E.  Ilintou,  of  Lewis  county, 
New  York,  in  1859. 

J.  W.  Doran  was  born  in  1850  in  Indiana.  He 
moved,  in  early  life,  with  his  parents  to  Ohio. 
He  lived  there  five  years,  then  went  to  James- 
town, Blue  Earth  count)',  Minnesota,  in  May, 
1857.  He  resided  there  until  coming  to  Minneap- 
olis in  1872.  He  learned  the  trade  of  cooper  in 
this  city,  and  jomed  the  association  in  1876.  He 
was  married  in  1879  to  Miss  M.  C.  Graham.  Res- 
idence, 918  Chicago  Avenue. 

J.  II.  Doruer  was  born  at  Adrian,  Michigan,  in 
1852.  He  went  to  Chicago  in  1870,  and  learned 
the  art  of  making  confectionery  witliMr.  Eckardt, 
the  famous  Chicago  caterer.  He  remained  there 
until  1880  when  he  came  to  Mimieapolis.  Ilehas 
now  one  of  the  finest  establishments  of  the  kind 
in  this  city.  His  wife  was  Pauline  Kelly,  of  Chi 
cago. 


.540 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


C.  J).  Dorr  was  born  at  East  Great  Works,  now 
knovTO  as  Bradley.  Maine,  in  1824.  He  followed 
lumbering  tlirough  early  life  and  in  1847  came  to 
St.  Anthony.  In  ls49  lie  built  a  frame  house, 
then  in  company  with  a  few  men  went  to  Swan 
river  and  met  '-nole-in-the-Day."  an  Indian 
chief  at  Little  Rock,  and  aranged  with  him  for 
getting  out  timber,  for  which  they  were  to  pay 
five  dollars  per  tree.  They  cut  about  one  hun- 
dred sticks— which  was  the  first  timber  gotten  out. 
Mr.  Dorr  continued  in  lumbering  until  he  became 
connected  with  the  ilississippi  and  Rum  River 
Boom  Company.  For  ten  years  he  was  employed 
in  looking  up  and  locating  government,  state  and 
school  lands.  He  served  as  alderman  of  St.  An- 
thony one  term.  In  1866  he  took  the  position  of 
boom  master  and  yet  serves  in  that  capacity.  He 
married  Celestia  A.  Ricker  of  Maine,  March  4th, 
1849. 

Daniel  Douglass  is  a  native  of  England.  He 
came  to  Minneapolis  in  ISTl,  and  was  in  the  em- 
ploy of  Walker  Brothers  five  years,  being  foreman 
three  years.  After  leaving  their  employ  he  en- 
gaged in  business  for  himself  and  is  now  a  mem- 
ber of  the  prosperous  firm  of  Douglass  and  Hall, 
machinists  and  mill  funiishei's.  He  was  married 
at  Bury.  England,  August,  1866,  to  Elizabeth 
Holt.  Mary  E.,  Sarah  A.,  and  Annie  are  their 
living  children.    Residence  on  Cedar  Lake  road. 

James  Dougherty  was  bom  at  Baltimore,  Mary- 
land. August.  1855.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in 
1862  with  his  parents.  He  commenced  working 
in  the  Pillsbury  mill  in  1871  at  the  foot  of  the 
ladder  and  has  advanced  step  by  step  until  he  has 
reached  the  position  he  holds  at  present,  that  of 
stone  dresser.  He  has  been  stone  dresser  and 
gilnder  for  six  years  past.  By  his  strict  attention 
and  industry  gives  entire  satisfaction  to  his  em- 
ployers. 

Hezekiah  B.  Dow  is  a  native  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, bom  December  30th,  1826.  He  lived  with 
his  parents  on  a  farm  until  twelve  years  of  age, 
when  they  moved  toGilmanton.Xew  Hampshire, 
and  four  years  later  to  Yershire,  ^'ermont.  At 
the  age  of  seventeen  he  went  to  Lowell,  Massa- 
chusetts, and  served  an  apprenticeship  as  mason 
and  plasterer.  He  heard  of  the  falls  of  St.  Aji- 
thony  and  resolved  to  see  them,  so  in  1850  he 
started  west.  At  the  time  he  arrived  at  St.  An- 
thony there  were  but  few  families  here,  but  his 


■  trade  j'ielded  him  four  and  five  dollars  per  day, 
which  soon  enabled  him  to  purchase  a  home  on 
the  banks  of  the  Mississippi  and  send  for  his  wife, 
whom  he  had  left  in  !Maine.  They  lived  on  the 
east  side  thirteen  years.  In  1864  he  removed  to 
Minneapolis  and  bought  property  of  Mr.  Biekford, 
where  he  now  resides,  at  4(11  Fourth  street  north. 
He  was  married  to  Miss  Eliza  Goodrich  of  Bart- 
lett,  New  Hampshire,  in  18-55.  Their  only  sur- 
viving child  is  Horton  L.,  who  is  station  agent  at 
Osakis.  Minnesota,  for  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis 
and  Manitoba  Raihoad. 

Professor  John  F.  Downey  was  bom  at  Hirams- 
burg,  Ohio,  January  inth,  1846.  When  he  was 
eleven  years  old  his  parents  removed  to  ^Michigan. 
He  attended  school  at  Three  Elvers,  and  Colon 
Seminary,  staying  at  the  latter  place  two  years. 
Thence  he  went  to  Hillsdale  College,  Michigan, 
entered  the  freshman  class  in  the  spring  of  1867 
and  graduated  in  1870,  after  which  he  took  the 
place  of  Professor  Collier,  professor  of  natural 
sciences,  for  a  year,  and  then  was  principal  of  the 
school  at  CassopoUs.  Michigan.  At  the  expiration 
of  that  time  he  took  a  post-graduate  course  in  the 
higher  mathematics,  astronomy  and  civil  engi- 
neering at  the  University  of  Michigan.  For  sev- 
eral years  after  completing  his  post-graduate 
course  he  was  professor  of  mathematics  and  as- 
tronomy at  Ann  Arbor.  In  the  fall  of  1880  he 
received  an  offer  and  accept€d  the  same  posi- 
tion at  the  University  of  Minnesota.  He  was 
married,  December,  1875,  to  Miss  Stella  Osborne, 
of  CassopoUs,  Michigan,  by  whom  he  has  one 
child,  Harold  D. 

J.  O.  Drange,  a  native  of  Norway,  was  born  in 
1830.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1861.  and 
resided  in  Racine,  Wisconsin,  eight  years,  en- 
gaged in  blacksmithing.  He  then  went  to  Otter 
Tail  county.  Minnesota,  on  a  farm,  remaining 
three  years :  thence  to  Minneapolis,  where  he 
worked  at  blacksmithing  luitil  1879,  when  he 
opened  a  clothing  store,  located  at  309  Washuig- 
ton  Avenue  south.  His  wife  was  Jeiniie  Ileeu, 
whom  he  married  in  1876. 

William  Dressier  was  born  in  (Germany,  July 
24th,  1831.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1852,  and  passed  the  time  in  prospecting  in  vari- 
ous parts  of  the  country  until  1856,  when  he  came 
to  ^Minneapolis.  He  removed  to  St.  Paul  and 
lived  four  years;  thence  to  Osseo,  Minnesota,  in 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


o41 


1862,  and  remained  until  1864.  He  then  went  to 
Watertown,  Minnesota,  and  engaged  in  tlie  grist 
and  saw-mill  business  until  1870,  when  he  re- 
turned to  Minneapolis,  and  has  since  been  in  a 
sale  and  boarding  stable.  He  was  married  in 
1859,  to  Doretlia  Ruter,  of  Germany.  They  have 
seven  children  :  Matilda,  Amelia,  Martin,  Anna, 
Fred,  Albert,  and  Otto. 

D.  DriscoU,  born  in  1840,  is  a  native  of  Ireland. 
At  sixteen  years  of  age  he  learned  carriage-mak- 
ing, serving  an  apprenticesldp  of  Ave  years,  also 
paying  a  premium  of  fifty  dollars.  He  has  been 
in  the  business  continually  ever  since.  He  came 
to  America  in  1862,  locating  at  Waupun,  Wiscon- 
sin. In  1871  he  removed  to  Minneapolis,  and 
worked  at  his  trade  until  187.5,  when  he  estab- 
lished business  for  himself .  In  1879  the  firm  of 
Driscoll  and  Forsyth  was  formed.  He  married 
Miss  Margaret  Ryan,  in  1866.  They  have  five 
daughters  and  two  sons. 

C.  H.  Dubois  was  born  March  24th,  1847,  at 
High  Falls,  New  York.  The  son  of  a  farmer  in 
poor  circumstances,  he  worked  his  way  through 
the  Albany  Normal  school.  After  serving  for 
three  years  as  principal  of  a  large  public  school, 
he  spent  a  year  at  Cornell  University.  Next  he 
attended  the  law  department  of  Michigan  Uni- 
versity, from  which  he  graduated.  After  resid- 
ing a  year  in  Galveston,  and  another  in  Washing- 
ton, he  purchased  the  Herald  at  Grand  Haven, 
Michigan,  and  two  years  later,  the  Saturday  Eve- 
ning Post  at  Grand  Rapids.  Noting  tlie  rapid 
growth  of  Minneapolis,  in  wealth  and  population, 
Mr.  Dubois  concluded  that  here  was  a  much 
larger  field  than  in  Michigan.  On  the  26th  day 
of  July,  1879,  he  started  the  Saturday  Evening 
Spectator,  which  is  now  a  well  established  weekly 
newspaper. 

William  Duhnke  is  a  native  of  Prussia.  He 
came  to  America  in  1854;  resided  at  Chicago  one 
year;  thence  to  Milwaukee  remaining  two  years. 
He  next  made  Indiana  his  home  where  he  re- 
mained seven  years,  dealing  in  general  merchan- 
dise, also  kept  the  Tell  City  post-office.  In  1866, 
he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and  after  being  a  dealer 
in  crockery  one  year,  opened  the  Mozart  hall  of 
which  he  is  proprietor.  He  married  Augusta 
Guhr  in  1857.  Siie  died  in  1871,  leaving  two 
children;   William    and    Amelia.     Mr.    Duhnlce 


married  again,  Annie  Guhr,  who  bore  him  two 
children;  Reinhold  and  Laura. 

C.  II.  Dunham  was  born  at  Plainville.  Connec- 
ticut, June  26th,  1852.  He  moved  with  his  par- 
ents to  Faribault,  Minnesota,  when  a  child;  vvhile 
there  learned  milling  and  worked  in  mills 
until  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  which  was  in  Au- 
gust, 1880.  On  his  arrival  in  this  city,  he  entered 
the  Union  mill  as  miller. 

L.  A.  Dunn  was  born  at  Lancaster,  Ohio,  Au- 
gust 19th,  1850.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1869 
and  received  his  education  at  the  University  of 
Minnesota,  and  after  graduating  read  law  with 
Beebe  and  Shaw,  and  with  Lochren,  McNair 
and  Gilfillan,  and  was  admitted  to  practice.  He 
was  appointed  clerk  of  the  mimicipal  court  by 
Judge  Cooley  in  1877  for  one  year.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Mr.  Wilson,  who  died  in  1879,  and 
Mr.  Dunn  served  the  remainder  of  his  term.  The 
spring  of  1880,  he  was  appointed  for  one  year. 
His  marriage  occurred  in  1876.  He  is  the  parent 
of  one  son;  William. 

Thomas  Dium  is  a  native  of  Ireland,  born  in 
1647.  He  came  to  the  Ignited  States  in  1857,  his 
father  having  preceded  him.  He  learned  milUng 
with  the  Pillsbinys,  was  with  them  six  years, 
and  is  now  in  the  Anchor  mill.  Ten  years  pre- 
vious to  his  coming  liere  he  was  engaged  in  cot- 
ton mills.  He  married  Miss  Mary  McCarthy, 
September  19th,  1870.  Their  children  are:  Will- 
iam J.,  Thomas  M..  Juliet,  Ellen  and  Grace. 

R.  P.  Dunningtou  was  born  in  Morgan  county, 
Ohio,  in  1885.  He  located  at  St.  Anthony  in 
1856,  and  assisted  in  building  Bassett's  saw-mill 
on  Bassetfs  Creek;  also  assisted  in  putting  hi  the 
machinery  at  the  North  Star  Woolen  Mills  and 
the  Cataract  mill.  He  continued  as  a  mill-wright 
until  1873,  when  he  took  the  Pettit  &  Robinson 
saw'-mill  to  operate.  In  1878  he  opened  a  liquor 
store  and  billiard  hall.  He  married  Ella  Rowe 
in  1867.  She  died  in  1870,  leaving  one  child, 
Parris  M. 

J.  A.  Dunsmoor,  deceased,  was  born  in  Lunen- 
burgli,  Worcester  county,  Massachusetts,  Decem- 
ber 18th,  1808.  He  located  first  at  Farmiugton, 
Maine,  and  was  elected  from  that  district  to  the  leg- 
islature. He  also  held  many  responsible  offices 
in  that  locality,  some  of  which  were  :  postmaster, 
county  treasurer,  superintendent  of  school  boards, 
etc.    He  removed  to  St.  Anthony  in  1851,  and  tlie 


542 


HISTOBT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


next  year  bought  land  in  the  present  town  of 
Eichfleld,  Hennepin  county.  A  portion  of  tliis 
land  lie  donated  to  the  Hichlield  Mills  Company. 
l)eing  where  the  mills  now  stand.  Another  por- 
tion he  donated  for  the  school  building.  He  was 
a  man  of  unusual  enterprise,  and  ranked  among 
the  most  prominent  men  in  his  town  and  county. 
Among  the  otlices  of  trust  which  he  held  were : 
assessor,  postmaster,  and  justice  of  the  peace.  In 
1873  he  removed  with  his  family  to  Los  Angeles, 
California,  at  which  place  his  busy  and  well  spent 
life  ended,  December  2Sd,  1873.  The  remainder' 
of  the  family  still  reside  there,  except  one  son, 
Frederick  A.,  who  is  a  resident  physician  of  Mui- 
neapolis.  ilr.  Dunsmoor  was  married  June 
4th,  1837,  to  Almira  Mosher,  of  Temple,  Maine. 
Their  children  are  :  James  F.,  Irving  A.,  Albert 
v.,  Charles  H.,  Frederick  A.,  and  John  M. 

F.  A.  Dunsmoor  has  been  a  life  long  resident 
of  Hennepin  county,  having  been  born  at  Hich- 
lield, May  28th,  1853.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  public  schools  and  State  University,  of 
Minneapolis.  He  tirst  studied  medicine  with  Drs. 
Goodrich  and  Kimball,  of  this  city,  and  gradu- 
ated from  the^Bellevue  Hospital  ^Medical  College, 
of  Xew  York,  in  1875.  He  after\\ards  received 
private  instructions  ui  surgery,  diseases  of  the 
chest,  pathology  and  chemistry,  from  Professors 
Hamilton,  Flint,  Janeway.  and  Doremus.  He 
was  associated  for  a  time  with  H.  H.  Kimball  in 
practice,  and  as  a  surgeon  for  the  jMilwaukee  and 
St.  Paul  Railroad.  He  is  a  memlier  of  the  State 
iledical  Association,  and  is  professor  of  surgery 
hi  the  medical  department  of  Hamline  Universi- 
ty. He  was  married  in  1876,  to  Bessie  Turner, 
daughter  of  the  late  Dr.  Turner,  of  the  United 
States  army. 

W.  Droll  was  liorn  in  1846,  at  Bavaria.  He 
came  to  America  in  1868  and  to  Minne- 
apolis in  1873,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  Ijarrels,  tulis,  hogsheads, 
kegs,  etc.  He  was  married  in  1878.  Ilesidence 
828  ilain  street  north-east. 

E.  W.  Dyer  was  bora  at  Addison,  Washington 
comity,  Maine,  in  1836.  He  engaged  in  farming 
and'boat  building,  and  in  186-lcame[to  Corcoran. 
Hennepin  county,  Minnesota,  then  went  to  Pike's 
Peak  for  two  years  and  returned  to  Corcoran  in 
1859.  In  1862  he  removed  to  Rockford,  Wright 
county,  and  for  two  years  was  a  carriage  maker, 


then  worked  a  farm  until  coming  to  Minneapolis 
in  1875,  and  has  since  been  proprietor  of  the  Wil- 
lier  House.  November,  1879.  he  took  the  Clark 
House  and  ran  it  one  year,  then  returned  to  the 
Wilber  House.  He  married  Aimie  Astrope,  of 
Canada,  in  1863.  Their  children  are.  Abbie  F. 
and  Harris  II. 


CHAPTER  LXXVIII. 

BIOGRAPHICAL,   E,   F   AND   G. 

E.  W.  Eddy,  a  native  of  Brunswick,  New  York, 
was  born  June  28th,  1826.  He  went  to  Albany 
and  remained  two  years,  then  removed  to  St.  Paul 
and  remained  in  the  livery  business  there  until 
1861,  when  he  came  here  and  in  1864  sold  out; 
then  he  passed  three  years  lumbering,  and  in  1867 
returned  to  the  livery  business.  He  built  the 
stable  he  now  occupies  in  1878;  it  is  located  on 
Third  street  between  Nicollet  and  First  Avenue 
south.  Air.  Eddy  married  Julia  Groff  in  1849; 
she  died  in  1869,  leaving  two  children,  Melford 
and  Carrie:  he  was  married  the  second  time  in 
1872,  to  AnnaWalch. 

A.  H.  Edsten,  a  native  of  Sweden,  was  born  in 
1837.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1864,  and  lo- 
cated at  Chicago,  where  he  was  first  engaged  as 
cabinet-maker,  and  afterward  was  employed  on 
the  wood-work  in  car-shops;  he  remained  there 
about  two  and  one-half  years,  and  came  to  Min- 
neapolis Mny  5th,  1867.  He  worked  in  car-shops 
until  he  estiibhshed  himself  in  the  furniture  bus- 
iness in  1871. 

P.  F.  Eichelzer  was  bom  near  Heidelberg,  Ger- 
many, October  7th,  1850.  When  two  years  of  age 
he  came  with  his  parents  to  America  and  settled 
in  New  Orleans:  removed  to  La  Fayette.  Indiana, 
in  1855,  and  in  1872  he  came  to  this  city,  and  en- 
tered his  present  business  as  hatter  and  furrier, 
with  J.  S.  Sneddy  for  partner.  Mv.  Eichelzer 
had  nine  years  experience  in  this  business  while  at 
La  Fayette.  He  married  Louise  B.  Gregory, 
September  1st,  1874.  They  have  one  child,  Hat- 
tie  G. 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


543 


Wyman  Eliott  was  bom  in  Penobscot  county, 
Maine,  May  19th,  1834.  He  came  to  Minneapo- 
lis in  1854,  and  has  been  closely  identified  with 
the  growth  and  prosperity  of  the  city;  he  has  had 
the  advantage  of  witnessing  its  advancement 
in  every  direction,  and  has  tlius  become  well  ac- 
quainted with  its  history  and  early  settlers.  He 
passed  his  first  year  in  Minnesota  on  a  claim  near 
Monticello;  he  is  one  of  the  pioneer  farmers  and 
market-gardeners  of  this  county.  He  has  a 
pleasant  home  at  the  corner  of  Tenth  street  and 
Ninth  Avenue  south.  Mr.  Eliott  was  married 
November  25th,  1868,  to  Maiy  Ella  Chase,  of 
this  city.  They  have  two  children,  Sarah  and 
Jenella. 

Charles  J.  Elliot,  a  native  of  Canada,  was  born 
December  2oth,  1848.  He  came  to  this  city  in 
the  smumer  of  1871  and  worked  at  his  trade  of 
miller  until  1872,  when  he  commenced  in  busi- 
ness and  continues  very  suc«essfidly,  as  dealer  in 
fruits,  confectionery,  oysters,  ice  cream,  etc.,  at 
727  Wasliington  Avenue  south.  Mr.  Elliot  mar- 
ried ill  1875,  Dora  Tool  of  Minneapolis. 

D.  Elliot  was  bom  December,  1828,  in  Penob- 
scot county,  Maine.  In  1852  he  went  to  Califor- 
nia and  was  interested  in  mining  until  the  winter 
of  1854,  when  he  retumed  to  Maine,  and  the  fol- 
lowing spring  came  here  and  pre-empted  a  farm 
of  160  acres  where  his  present  residence  is,  1415 
Sixth  Avenue  south  ;  for  five  or  six  years  he  was 
engaged  in  gardening.  In  May,  1862  he  went  to 
Montana  but  returned  in  1S64  and  for  a  time  car- 
ried on  a  grocery  business.  Mr.  Elliofs  wife  was 
Marietta  Smyth,  of  Maine.  Tliey  have  one  child, 
Etta. 

B.  R.  Ellis,  born  October  19th,  1835,  at  Nan- 
tucket, Massachusetts.  In  early  life  he  went  to 
northern  New  York,  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen 
commenced  to  learn  carpentering.  In  1862  he  re- 
moved to  Iowa  and  remained  six  years,  then  re- 
timied  to  New  York.  After  a  residence  of  four 
years  there  and  one  year  in  Canada  he  went  to 
Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa.  In  the  spring  of  1874  he 
came  to  Minneapolis  and  has  since  been  engaged 
in  business  here  ;  the  firm  at  present  is  Ellis  and 
Huff,  carpenters,  builders  and  jobbers,  305  Second 
Avenue  south.  Mr.  Ellis  was  married  October 
19th,  18.54,  to  Miss  Spears,  who  died  in  1862,  leav- 
ing two  children;  his  second  wife  was  Mary 
Mead,  who  has  borne  him  two  daughters. 


James  T.  Elwell  was  bom  July  2d,  1855,  at  St. 
Anthony,  Minnesota.  He  moved  with  his  pa- 
rents to  Granite  City  and  thence  to  St.  Cloud, 
where  he  remained  until  1864,  then  removed  to 
Cottage  Grove ;  In  1874  he  came  here  and  estab- 
lished the  business  of  manufacturuig  spruig  beds. 
Mr.  Elwell  is  a  young  man  of  energy  and  perse- 
verance, and  is  meeting  with  deserved  success ;  a 
description  of  his  business  will  be  found  in  this 
work  among  the  manufactures  of  the  city. 

Setli  Emerson  was  born  at  Deer  Isle,  Maine, 
in  1834.  Twenty-three  years  of  his  life  were 
passed  on  the  sea;  he  commenced  before  the  mast 
and  worked  his  way  iip  to  Captain.  In  1870,  he 
came  to  Minnesota  and  located  at  Wells,  re- 
mained only  two  years,  then  came  to  Minneapolis 
and  engaged  in  carpenter  work.  He  is  now  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Galpm  and  Emerson, 
carpenters,  builders  and  jobbers;  they  employ 
eif^hteen  men,  and  their  principal  business  has 
been  building  residences.  Mr.  Emerson  was  mar- 
ried in  1864  to  Miss  Whitney.  Their  residence  is 
923  Twenty-flrst  Avenue  south.  They  have  had 
five  children,  only  two  of  whom  are  living. 

George  W.  Emery,  M.  D.  was  born  at  Toronto, 
Canada,  J\hiy  21st,  1841.  He  received  bis  edu- 
cation in  the  schools  of  that  city;  Knox  college 
and  Jilodel  school.  He  studied  medicine  at  the 
University  of  Tronto,  at  ]5ellevue  hospital  medi- 
cal college,  and  in  1865,  graduated  from  the 
Berkshire  medical  college  of  Pittsfleld, Massachu- 
setts. He  practiced  in  Illinois  eight  years,  and 
four  years  in  Wisconsin.  In  May,  1877,  became  to 
Mimieapolis  and  has  since  followed  his  profession 
here.  He  is  physician  to  the  Bethany  Home,  and 
is  medical  examiner  for  the  New  England  AIu- 
tual.  New  York  Life  and  Ilartfortl  Continental 
Insm-ance  companies.  Dr.  Emery  was  married 
in  1861  to  Miss  Hall,  of  Philadelphia,  who  died 
in  1862;  in  1864,  he  married  Matilda  Fairfield,  of 
Toronto,  Canada.  They  have  one  child.  Bertha. 
Dr.  Emery  is  a  member  of  the  Peoria  county, 
Illinois,  medical  society,  and  of  the  Minnesota 
state  medical  society. 

N.  H.  Emmans,  a  native  of  Sussex  county, 
New  Jersey,  was  bom  Jainiary  19th,  1854.  He 
gi-ew  to  manhood  with  his  parents  on  a  farm  and 
attended  the  public  schools  at  home,  also  Starkey 
Seminary,  at  Eddytown,  New  York.  He  came 
to  this  city  in  1875,  and  two  years  later  entered 


544 


RISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


the  Boston  one  price  clothing  store,  where  by  en- 
ergy and  strict  attention  to  business,  he  has  gained 
the  entire  confidence  of  his  employers,  and  now 
has  charge  of  the  merchant  tailoring  department. 

August  Ende  was  bom  in  Germany,  in  1829, 
and  emigrated  to  America  in  1847.  He  lived  at 
Baltimore.  Maryland,  the  first  year  then  removed 
to  St.  Louis,  Missouri;  thence  to  Freeport,  Illi- 
nois, where  for  two  years  he  was  in  the  hotel 
business.  In  1855,  he  came  to  St.  Anthony  and 
continued  the  same  business  until  1863:  he  then 
moved  to  this  side  of  the  river,  bought  and  en- 
larged the  Farmer's  hotel,  and  has  since  kept  the 
house.  He  married  Miss  Amelia  Rev,  at  St. 
Louis  in  1853.  They  have  nme  children,  Louisa, 
Edward,  Bertha,  Charles,  Adolph,  Amelia,  Emma 
Anna  and  Julius, 

C.  O.  Euglested  was  bom  in  Norway,  in  1851. 
In  1868  he  came  to  the  United  States,  and  passed 
two  years  in  farming,  at  Rushford,  Miimesota; 
he  came  here  in  1872,  and  for  four  years  worked 
about  the  lumber  mills :  in  1S7<)  he  started  in  the 
saloon  business  at  117,  "Washington  Avenue 
south,  and  in  April,  1880,  moved  to  Xo.  1201. 
He  was  married  in  1878,  to  Laura  Egstrom.  who 
has  borne  him  one  child:  Harry  .J. 

Henry  Enger,  a  native  of  Xorway,  was  born 
Februarj'  19th,  1847.  He  emigrated  to  America 
in  1869,  and  located  in  Wisconsin,  where  for 
tliree  years  he  was  in  the  saloon  business;  in 
187.'?  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  passed  eighteen 
months  in  a  hotel,  and  three  yeare  in  the  Xorth 
Star  Laundr}'.  Since  that  time  he  has  been  in 
the  restaurant  business.  He  married  ^liss  Lena 
Olsen  in  1876,    They  have  one  child:  Mar>', 

Samuel  Erb  was  bom  in  Canada.  January  26th, 
1852.  He  came  to  MinneapoUs  in  1870.  and  the 
year  following  went  to  work  at  the  Goodnow 
and  Ilawly  lumber  mill,  where  he  had  charge  of 
the  scaling  department  two  years;  since  1873  he 
has  had  the  management  of  the  mill.  Mr.  Erb"s 
wife  was  Catherine  Hoben;  they  were  married 
June  30th,  1874,  and  reside  at  112  Fourth  Ave- 
nue north.  Their  children  are  Mary,  who  died 
at  the  age  of  one  and  one-half  years.  William 
and  Samuel, 

T,  J.  Essene  was  born  in  Sweden.  February 
26th,  1853,  He  came  to  ^Vmerica  in  1863,  and 
lived  in  Chicago  until  1866,  when  he  removed  to 
this  citj-;  he  was  employed  by  Thompson  and 


Wiggin  until  1870,  when  he  went  into  the  meat 
business,  and  since  1877  has  kept  a  market  in 
partnerehip  \\'ith  Mr,  Hopper,  Mr,  Essene's 
wife  was  Annie  Mersen,  of  Milwaukee,  Wiscon- 
sin: she  has  borne  him  two  children,  only  one  is 
living,  a  girl  bom  m  1880. 

J.  M.  Eustis  was  born  in  Oxford  coimty,  Maine, 
December  loth,  1827.  In  1857  he  removed  to 
MimieapoUs,  and  with  his  ot\ti  hands  cleared 
away  the  hazel  brush  and  threw  up  the  first  dirt 
for  the  Xicollet  House,  which  was  completed, 
fiu'nished  and  opened  May  1858;  during  the  hard 
times  of  1857.  he  was  advised  by  some  of  the 
leading  men  here,  to  abandon  the  enterprise, 
but  with  his  pluck  and  perseverence  he  carried  it 
llu-ough  to  successfid  completion,  and  then  dis- 
posed of  his  interest  to  Gilson  Brothers.  At  the 
commencement  of  the  rebellion  he  made  a  con- 
tract with  the  Government  to  feed  all  the  ^linne- 
sota  soldiers  for  thu-ty-seven  cents  each  \iev  day; 
he  also  suppUed  the  army  under  General  Sibley, 
during  the  war  upon  the  frontier,  after  the  In- 
dian massacre.  At  the  same  time  he  was  en- 
gaged in  the  lumber  business  with  W.  E,  Jones 
and  Company,  for  about  five  years,  then  built  a 
block  on  Hennepin  Avenue,  He,  in  company 
with  others,  selected  the  site  for  a  fair  ground, 
laid  out  a  track,  erected  buildhigs  and  put  every- 
thing in  good  order  for  the  piupose,  ^Ir.  Eustis 
has  been  a  contractor  on  the  Northern  Pacific 
railroad;  and  was  in  the  employ  of  the  St,  Louis 
railroad  company  for  several  years,  until  in  the 
fall  of  1880,  he  was  elected  sheriff  of  Hennepin 
county  for  two  years, 

O,  J,  Evans,  M.  D,,  was  born  in  Oneida  county, 
New  York,  February  5th,  1840,  He  was  educat- 
ed at  the  academy  of  Rome,  in  his  native  state, 
and  studied  medicine  with  Dr,  Armsby,  professor 
of  anatomy  at  the  Albany  Medical  College  :  also 
with  I)r,  Mrgil,  of  Rome,  New  York.  After 
completing  the  regular  courses  of  lectures 
at  the  Albany  College,  he  graduated  fi'om 
that  institution  in  1862,  receiving  the  degree  of 
M.  I).  Dr.  Evans  was  comissioned  as  assistant 
surgeon  of  the  Fortieth  New  York  Infantry,  in 
1862,  and  in  1864  was  promoted  to  first  surgeon. 
He  was  also  metlical  director  of  the  department 
of  Farmville,  Virginia,  and  was  placed  on  the 
1  operating  board  of  surgeons,  holding  both  posi- 
'  tions  until  the  close  of  the  war.    He  was  mus- 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


545 


tered  out  of  service  in  July,  1865,  came  to  tills 
city,  and  has  since  practiced  medicine  here,  liis 
office  being  at  22  Hennepin  Avenue.  He  is  pres- 
ident of  the  Hennepin  County  Medical  Associa- 
tion, a  member  of  the  State  iledical  Society,  and 
president  of  the  Minneapolis  Board  of  Health, 
this  being  his  second  term.  He  also  served  one 
term  in  the  City  Council.  Dr.  Evans  was  married 
in  1869,  to  Elizabeth  Dodge,  v^flio  died  in  .January, 
1879.  She  was  a  daughter  of  Colonel  John 
Dodge,  of  Princeton,  Illinois. 

John  R.  Everard,  a  native  of  J^iverpool,  Eng- 
land, was  born  in  June,  1828.  While  there  he 
learned  the  tailor's  trade.  In  July,  1878,  he  came 
to  Minneapolis,  and  locating  at  213  Hennepin 
Avenue,  established  a  merchant  tailoring  busi- 
ness, in  which  he  invested  a  capital  of  seven 
thousand  dollars.  He  employs  fourteen  men  in 
his  manufacturing  department,  wliich  is  still  lo- 
cated at  213  Hennepin  Avenue,  but  in  November, 
1878,  he  removed  his  place  of  business  to  10 
Washington  Avenue  south. 

Albert  E.  Farrington  was  born  at  Conway, 
New  Hampshire,  in  1816.  He  came  to  Minne- 
sota, 1855,  and  located  at  Maple  Grove,  where  he 
engaged  in  farming  nine  years.  He  exchanged 
his  farm  for  one  in  Hassan,  Minnesota,  and  re- 
moved there  at  once,  where  he  lived  until  1874, 
when  he  came  to  Minneapolis.  Since,  he  has 
been  dealing  in  real  estate,  also  buying  and  sell- 
ing horses.  Mr.  Farrington  is  now  proprietor  of 
the  Fourth  Avenue  hotel.  His  sons  are  engaged 
in  a  livery  and  sale  stable. 

G.  F.  Farrington  came  from  Boston,  in  1879, 
where  he  had  been  engaged  in  the  merchant  tai- 
lormg  business  for  some  time  previous.  He  lo- 
cated at  219  Hennepin  Avenue,  in  April  of  the 
same  year.  Here  he  remained  until  JMarch,  1880, 
when  he  leased  his  present  location,  a  store  room 
with  manufacturing  establishment  on  tliird  Hoor, 
at  239  Nicollet  Avenue.  Mr.  Farrington.  though 
comparatively  young,  is  a  very  enterprising  and 
'successful  business  man. 

N.  D.  Federspil  (one  of  the  earliest  settlers) 

was  born    in    France,   1824.    He  came  to  the 

United  States  in  1853,  and  settled  first  at  Port 

Washington,  Wisconsin.    In  1854  he  came  to  St. 

Anthony  and    followed   the   blacksmith's  trade 

there  until  1856,  when  he   removed  to  the  west 

side  of  the  river,  and  is  now  one  of  the  oldest 
35 


blacksmiths  in  the  business  in  Minneapolis.  Mr. 
Federspil  was  married  in  1847,  to  Margaret 
Weber,  of  Luxemboiug.  Tliey  have  seven  chil- 
dren living:  Catherine,  Jean  P.,  John,  Mary,  Jo- 
sephine, Annie  and  Nicholas. 

Robert  Feek  is  a  native  of  England,  bom  Jan- 
uary 8th,  1834.  He  went  to  Ogdensburg,  New 
York,  in  1856,  where  he  remained  seven  years; 
thence  to  Ontario,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the 
hotel  business  several  years.  He  established  a 
restaiu'ant  in  Minneapolis  in  1879,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  Mr.  Feek  married  iliss  Sophia 
Dove,  in  1855,  who  bore  him  one  son,  Robert  G. 

J.  C.  Felch  w'as  born  in  Grafton  county.  New 
Hampshire,  May  lOtli,  1842.  At  the  age  of 
eighteen  he  learned  telegraphy,  and  continued  in 
that  business  eight  years.  In  the  spring  of  1869, 
he  was  elected  to  the  house  of  representatives  of 
New  Hampshire,  for  one  year.  He  came  to  Min- 
neapoUs  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year ;  the  spring 
following  removed  to  Fort  Abercrombie,  Dakota; 
where  he  was  postmaster  three  years.  He  then 
returned  to  this  city,  and  in  1875  he  engaged  with 
the  Pettit  mill,  and  has  remained  with  them  since. 
Mr.  Felch  married  Miss  Annie  Frott,  October, 
1876.    They  have  one  child,  Gertie  M. 

Frank  B.  Felt,  of  the  firm  of  H.  G.  Harrison 
&  Co.,  started  in  the  grocery  business,  in  Minne- 
apolis, in  1868,  in  the  employ  of  B.  S.  Bull  and 
Company.  He  remained  with  them  three  jears,  and 
was  afterwards  with  Newell  and  Harrison,  eight 
years.  He  entered  the  firm  now  known  as  H.  G. 
Harrison  &  Co.,  June  10th,  1880.  This  firm  occu- 
pies the  front  rank  of  grocery  houses  in  the 
north-west. 

W.  J.  Fender,  of  the  firm  of  Fender  and  Cuth- 
bertson,  was  born  at  Kingston,  Ontario,  Septt-m- 
ber  14th,  1839.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1867, 
where  he  worked  seven  years  at  pattern  making. 
In  1874  he  entered  into  partnership  witli  J.  Cuth- 
bertson  and  built  tlie  La  Croix  or  French  puri- 
fiers. Mr.  Fender  is  the  inventor  of  the  "Stand- 
ard Purifiers,"  about  three  hundred  of  which  are 
in  use  in  this  city.  This  purifier  is  in  use  in  all 
parts  of  the  world  where  llour  is  made.  It  was 
invented  in  1874,  and  since  then  several  improve- 
ments have  been  made.  Mr.  Fender  is  also  a 
member  of  the  Jirm  of  ( iunn,  Cross  and  Co.,  whose 
establishment  contains  all  kinds  of  general  mill 
supplies. 


546 


HJSTUIiY  OF  HE y KEPI X  COUyi  Y. 


John  Ferguson  is  a  native  of  Scotlanii  and  was 
bom  in  1 S49.  He  came  to  the  Tnited  States  at  the 
age  of  ten,  and  learned  the  trade  of  mill-«Tight,  at 
Phihidelphia.  Pennsylvania.  In  1801  he  enlisted 
in  company  "I,"  First  regiment  United  States 
Artilleiy  ;  he  was  in  service  until  August,  1865, 
and  participated  in  all  engagements  of  the  com- 
pany. On  his  return  he  removed  to  Ilanisburg, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  remained  two  years,  com- 
ing to  Minneapolis  in  1867.  lie  engaged  in  car- 
pentering six  years  and  has  since  been  in  the 
mill-wright  business,  throughout  the  nortlnvtst ; 
he  has  been  in  the  Crown  Roller  mill  since  No- 
vember, 1S7H.  ^Ir.  Ferguson  was  married  June 
21st,  1871,  to  Miss  Isabella  Savage  ;  they  are  pa- 
rents of  two  children,  Isabella  and  John. 

Emil  M.  Ferrant,  son  of  one  of  the  earliest  set- 
tlers, ilartin  Ferrant,  was  bom  in  St.  Anthony, 
September  7th,  1854.  Here  he  received  his  early 
education,  until  1872.  when  he  went  to  Europe  to 
complete  his  studies.  He  returned  ui  1878,  locat- 
ing in  ilinneapolis,  where  he  still  resides  and  is 
engaged  with  the  well  known  firm  of  Smith  and 
Scribner. 

Charles  Ferrier,  a  native  of  Scotland,  was  born 
December  8th,  1852.  His  childhood  was  passed 
on  a  farm,  but  at  the  age  of  fourteen  he  learned 
the  trade  of  blacksmithing,  in  which  business  he 
continued  until  1872,  when  he  emigrated  to 
America.  He  located  at  Winona.  ^linnesota, 
where  he  was  in  the  employ  of  the  Winona  and 
St.  Peter  railroad  two  years;  he  then  removed 
to  Wells,  Mimiesota,  where  he  was  engaged  with 
the  Southern  Jlinnesota  railroad  six  months ; 
thence  to  >«'ebraska  and  to  Mason  City,  Iowa, 
where  he  opened  a  shop  and  worked  at  his 
trade  until  coming  to  this  city  in  the  spring  of 
1876.  Mr.  Ferrier  was  married  to  ^liss  Lydia 
Kust,  in  1876,  who  bore  him  one  daughter,  Flos- 
sie F. 

A.  H.  Fessler  was  born  in  Berks  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, in  1849.  At  the  age  of  twelve  he  com- 
menced to  learn  miUing,  and  has  been  since  the 
completion  of  his  trade  engaged  in  different  mills 
from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  coasts.  He  came 
to  Minneapolis  in  1872,  where  he  remained 
two  years,  and  after  visiting  various  towns  in  the 
state,  spent  two  years  in  Califoinia.  returned 
in  1878,  and  at  once  engaged  with  M'ashburn  and 
Company.     He  is  now  head  miller  of  the   Wash- 


burn "B."  Mr.  Fessler  married  Miss  Kate  Less- 
man.  July,  1878.  They  are  parents  of  one  child, 
Gertrude. 

J.  W.  Field  was  born  May  2d,  1853,  in  Dexter, 
Jefferson  county,  New  York.  He  engaged  in 
the  boot  and  shoe  business  at  Utica.  >'ew  York, 
a  number  of  years,  when  he  decided  to  come 
West.  He  removed  from  that  city  to  Minneap- 
olis in  1876.  where  he  at  once  opened  an  estab- 
lishment in  the  same  hue  of  business.  He  makes 
a  specialty  of  Burt's  men's  shoes.  ^Ir.  Field 
was  married  in  1876.  to  EUa  J.  Wager,  of  Oneida. 
Madison  county,  New  York. 

W.  A.  Fisher  was  bom  in  Illinois  in  1847.  In 
1860  he  came  to  Munieapolis  and  was  engaged  in 
farming  three  years,  after  which  he  enlisted  in  the 
Eleventh  ^linnesota  regiment.  He  remained  in 
service  one  year,  when  he  returned  to  this  city 
and  attended  school.  In  company  with  C.  H. 
Cole  and  E.  H.  Chittenden.  (1876)  he  built  the 
steamer  ••Monticello"  and  ran  the  same  between 
this  city  an  St.  Cloud  forthree  years.  Mr.  Fisher 
engaged  in  the  restaurant  business,  in  the  "Mar- 
ket Eestaurant,"  in  1879,  furnishing  that  year 
fifty-five  thousand  seven  hundred  meals.  In  1 867 
he  married  Miss  Mmy  Smith.  Their  children 
are:  Alberty.  Ernest,  Lizzie  and  ^Imnie. 

Thomas  Fitch,  attorney  at  law,  was  bom  m 
New-  York,  1838.  He  moved  to  San  Francisco, 
California,  where  he  read  law  with  Judge  Shaffer, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1864.  The  same 
year,  in  Nevada,  he  opened  his  first  office,  and 
practiced  his  profession  until  the  expiration  of  his 
term  in  congress,  in  1871.  when  he  was  employed 
by  parties  in  New  York  to  attend  to  some  mining 
litigation  in  Salt  Lake,  after  which  he  was  en- 
gaged by  Brigham  Young  as  attorney  and  counsel. 
During  his  stay  he  was  elected  as  senator  from  a 
proposed  state,  with  a  constitution  providing  for 
the  surrender  of  polygamy.  The  subject,  how- 
ever, did  not  receive  the  attention  of  congress. 
Mr.  Fitch  spent  two  years  in  tiaveling  through 
Europe,  the  South,  and  California,  after  which  he 
remained  four  years  in  Arizona,  engaged  in  prac- 
ticing his  profession.  In  1880  he  removed  to 
Minneapolis,  and  formed  a  partnership  with  Mr. 
Morrison,  known  as  the  firm  of  Morrison  and 
Fitch.  He  was  married  in  San  Francisco  in  1863, 
to  Mrs.  Annie  M.  Shultz. 

Rev.    Herman    l^'leer,    pastor    of    St.    John's 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


547 


Church,  was  born  at  Westfalen,  Germany,  May 
20th,  18.52.  Came  to  America  the  same  year,  and 
settled  in  Gasconada  county,  Missouri.  Spent 
Lis  boyhood  on  liis  fatlier's  farm,  until  January, 
1871,  when  he  went  to  Elmhurst,  Illinois,  and  en- 
tered the  Evangelical  Protestant  Seminary.  Ee- 
mained  there  four  years,  received  a  certiticate  en- 
titling him  to  admission  into  the  theological  sem- 
inary at  Marthasville,  Missouri,  entered,  and 
graduated  June  21st.  1878.  Was  ordained  in  St. 
Louis  on  the  same  day,  and  appointed  to  this 
charge.  Also  has  charge  at  Osseo,  Champlin, 
and  Medicine  Lake,  which  places  he  visits  once  in 
three  weeks. 

Samuel  Foreman  was  born  in  Baltimore,  in 
1840.  In  early  life  he  moved  to  Louisville,  Ken- 
tucky, thence  to  Indiana;  he  lived  in  several  cities 
in  that  state,  and  in  1874,  removed  to  Minneapo- 
lis. Mr.  Foreman  learned  his  trade,  that  of  a 
blacksmith  at  the  age  of  fifteen  and  has  been  en- 
gaged in  the  same  since.  He  was  married  in 
April,  1877  to  Miss  Irena  McKey,  who  bore  him 
one  daugliter,  Lillie,  who  died  in  1880. 

John  Forler  is  a  native  of  Canada,  and  was 
bom  February  22d,  1840.  He  lived  on  a  farm 
until  nineteen  years  of  age  when  he  learned  the 
tanner's  trade.  In  18G3,  he  came  to  Minneapolis, 
and  in  company  with  Mr.  Harvey,  engaged  in 
photography  ;  he  sold  to  his  partner  after  an  ex- 
perience of  fourteen  months.  He  removed  to  his 
present  location  in  1876,  where  he  has  a  large 
stock  of  new  and  second  hand  furniture.  Mr. 
Forler  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Stokes  in  1874. 
They  have  three  children. 

W.  Forsyth  was  born  at  Kingston,  Canada,  in 
1842.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  learned  wagon- 
making;  serving  an  apprenticeship  of  six  years, 
and  has  since  been  continually  in  the  business. 
In  1864,  he  went  to  Toronto,  Canada,  and  the 
next  year  removed  to  Titusville,  Pennsylvania. 
In  April,  1872,  he  removed  to  St.  Paul;  thence  to 
Minneapolis  in  September  of  the  same  year.  -He 
worked  for  various  parties  in  wagon-making  until 
1879,  when  the  firm  of  Driscoll  and  Forsyth  was 
formed,  .and  has  since  continued.  He  was  married 
in  1864  to  Miss  Elizabeth  H.  Scott.  They  have 
one  son  and  three  daughters. 

C.  J.  Fortier  was  born  in  Lower  Canada,  July 
26th,  1843.  He  moved  to  Maine  in  18-51,  where 
he  remained  eleven  years,  at  that  time  going  to 


California,  remaining  five  years.  In  1869,  he 
came  to  Minneapolis  and  engaged  hi  lumbering 
two  years,  in  the  grocery  business  two  and  one-half 
years,  then  opened  the  meat  market  m  which 
he  still  continues  his  business.  His  partners  are 
Charles  Coplin  and  Wyman  Costigan.  Mr.  For- 
tier"s  family  consists  of  his  wife  and  live  chil- 
dren. 

A.  D.  Foster,  one  of  the  oldest  pioneers,  was 
born  near  Pittsljurgh,  Pennsylvania,  August  22d, 
1801.  He  lived  on  a  farm  until  eighteen^years  of 
age,  when  he  acquired  a  knowledge  of  the  tanner 
and  currier  ti'ade.  After  engaging  in  the  mer- 
cantile business  in  Pittsburg,  also  in  Washington 
county,  of  that  state,  he  sold  his  interests  and 
removed  to  St.  Louis,  Missouri.  In  1848,  he,  be- 
ing in  frail  health,  came  to  St.  Anthony,  with 
the  hope  of  being  benefited.  He  came  from  Chi- 
cago with  a  team,  and  for  a  time,  engaged  in 
teaming,  drawing  logs  fourteen  miles,  from  Coon 
Creek,  to  be  converted  into  lumber  with  which  to 
build  the  steamer  "Gov.  Eamsey."  He  lived 
one  winter  in  a  shanty  sixteen  feet  square,  for 
which  he  paid  nine  dollars  per  month.  In  18.50, 
he  erected  a  store  building,  and  was  successful  in 
business  until  18.56,  when  he  was  burned  out. 
Since  then  he  has  lived  almost  a  retired  life,  de- 
voting a  portion  of  his  time  to  fruit  culture.  Al- 
though seventy-nine  years  of  age,  Mr.  Foster  is 
an  active  man  and  still  reads  without  the  use  of 
glasses.  He  was  married  in  Washington  county, 
Pennsylvania,  September  9th,  1824,  to  Miss  Mar- 
tha Ramsey.  They  have  thi-ee  children:  Josiah, 
who  resides  in  Indianapolis;  Martha,  who  resides 
in  Racine,  Wisconsin;  and  Lysander,  who  is  a 
physician,  in  this  city. 

Andrew  J.  Foster,  one  of  the  early  pioneers  of 
this  region,  was  born  in  Cooper,  Washington 
county.  Maine,  June  8th,  1827.  He  moved  to  St. 
Anthony,  in  1849,  and  in  the  spring  of  18.50  en- 
gaged in  lumbering,  in  which  he  continued  two 
years.  He  then  pre-empted  eighty  acres  of  laud 
on  what  is  uow  known  as  Franklin  Avenue.  In 
1857,  Mr.  Foster  retired  from  the  lumbering  busi- 
ness and  commenced  gardening  on  his  claim, 
which  he  continued  to  do  for  seventeen  years. 
He  next  engaged  in  a  general  real  estate  business, 
building  and  selling  houses,  etc.  In  tne  spring 
of  1880  he  opened  a  grocery  store  in  connection 
with  his  other  enterprises.    Mr.  Foster  first  mar- 


548 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


ried  Miss  Abi^'ailGetchell,  of  'Washiiigton  conn-  ^ 
ty,  Maine,  who  ilied  in  1852.  He  remained  a  ^ 
widower  one  year,  when  he  married  ^Slrs.  Mary 
Averill.  of  Stillwater,  the  ceremony  being  per- 
formed by  Justice  Hedderly,  first  justice  of  St. 
Anthony.  Their  children  are:  Ada,  William. 
Owen  and  Elmer. 

Stephen  Fox  was  born  at  Buffalo,  Xew  York. 
1843.  lie  engaged  in  farming  ten  years,  when 
he  entered  the  army  as  mechanic  in  the  quarter- 
master's department.  At  the  close  of  the  war 
he  returned  to  Erie  county.  New  York,  and  en- 
gaged in  milling;  he  was  also  employed  in  sev- 
eral states  as  a  mechanic.  In  1878,  he  removed 
to  Minneapolis,  where  he  has  since  resided.  Mr. 
Fox  was  married  December  1st,  1878,  to  Miss 
Jlaiy  Ruddock. 

Samuel  Franklin  was  born  in  Butler  county, 
Ohio,  November  29th  1818.  At  the  age  of  six- 
teen he  learned  tailoring  and  engaged  in.  his  pro- 
fession, in  dilTerent  parts  of  his  native  state  and 
of  Indiana,  until  1852,  when  he  came  to  St. 
Paul,  Miiniesota;  where  he  remained  until  the 
spring  following,  when  he  removed  to  JSIinneap- 
olis.  He  engaged  in  teaming  seven  years, 
and  in  187.3,  again  established  himself  in  tailor- 
ing. Mr.  Franklin  was  married  to  iliss  Mary 
Halsey,  in  1840.  Their  children  living  are:  Wil- 
liam B.,  Martha  J.,  Mary  L.,  Samuel,  Jr.,  and 
Fannie  W. 

S.  J.  Franklin,  sou  of  Samuel  Franklin,  was 
bom  at  Minneapolis,  August  21,  18-56.  He  ac- 
quired a  knowledge  of  the  carpenter's  trade  and 
in  1876  was  employed  by  the  Manitoba  railway 
company,  in  whose  employ  he  remained  three 
years,  and  has  since  been  with  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee and  Saint  Paul  railroad  company. 

William  B.  Franklm,  son  of  Samuel  Franklin, 
was  bom  at  Middleton,  Ohio,  in  1842.  He  came 
with  his  parents,  to  jMinneapolis,  in  1853.  He  en- 
listed in  the  Sixth  ^linnesota  volunteers  and 
served  until  his  discharge  in  1865.  Three  years 
later  he  was  employed  by  the  Minnesota  Stage 
Company,  where  he  continued  as  driver  till  1873. 
He  made  a  claim  of  160  acres  (1878),  at  Clontarf, 
Swift  county,  on  which  he  has  since  lived.  Mr. 
Franklin  married  Susana  Sheran  in  1S75.  Their 
children  are,  James  and  William. 

P.  J.  Eraser,  was  bom  in  I'pper  Canada,  Octo- 
ber 7th,  1847.    He  came  to  Bed  Wing,  Mimieso- 


ta,  in  1863,  and  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
doors,  sash,  blinds,  etc.  He  came  to  Minneapo- 
lis in  1869.  The  firm  of  Fraser  and  Shepherd,  in 
1879  built  a  spacious  buildmg,  and  now  carry  on 
the  wholesale  manufacture  of  sash,  doors,  blinds, 
mouldings,  glazed  sash,  brackets,  stair  railings, 
scroll  sawing  etc. 

Cornelius  Frederichs,  first  assistant  of  fire  de- 
partment, also  of  the  firm  of  G.  T.  Yail  and  Co., 
was  bom  in  Germany,  October,  1840.  He  came 
to  America  with  his  parents,  when  four  years  of 
age,  locating  at  Detroit,  Michigan.  The  spring 
of  1858  he  removed  to  ;Minneapolis  and  engaged 
in  cabinet  making  with  his  brother.  In  1861,  he 
enlisted  in  the  Third  Minnesota  Yolunteer  Infan- 
try, and  in  the  winter  of  1863  re-enlisted  and  was 
honorably  discharged,  August,  1865.  Mr.  Fred- 
erichs returned  to  this  city  and  again  engaged  in 
the  cabinet  business  with  Mr.  Vail,  in  1858.  He 
entered  the  fire  department  in  1871,  was  elected 
foreman  of  the  Hook  and  Ladder  Company,  and 
in  1874  he  was  elected  second  assistant  chief  en- 
gineer: in  1876  he  was  elected  first  assistant  chief 
engmeer.  during  ■\\  hich  time  he  was  engaged  in 
cabinet  and  undertaking  business.  Mr.  Frederichs 
was  married  to  Jliss  'Slaiy  Lacher  in  1862,  who 
died  June  16,  1864. 

George  Frenet,  a  native  of  Canada,  was  bom 
November  25th,  1842.  He  resided  in  his  native 
place  until  nineteen  years  of  age.  In  1862  he 
visited  Lake  Superior,  where  he  was  engaged  as 
engineer  in  a  copper  mine.  Three  years  later  he 
removed  to  Minneapolis  where  he  was  employed 
by  Dean  and  Company,  lumber  merchants,  ten 
years.  In  the  spring  of  1878  he  was  appointed  on 
the  police  force,  which  position  he  has  since  held. 
His  marriage  with  Mary  Lebrieh,  of  Michigan, 
was  solemnized  December  7th,  1865. 

Louis  E.  Fritsche  was  born  in  Germany,  July 
15th,  1848.  He  came  to  America  in  1854.  In 
1867  he  located  in  Minneapolis,  where  he  com- 
pleted his  trade,  that  of  coppersmith,  which  he 
had  begun  at  New  Ulm,  Minnesota.  This  city 
has  since  been  his  home.  Mr.  Fritsche  and  Miss 
Pauline  Bader  were  iniited  in  marriage  Decem- 
ber 27th,  1879. 

G.  W.  Floyd  was  born  in  Watertown.  New 
York,  April  28th,  1842.  He  aciiuired  a  knowl- 
edge of  photography  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He 
engaged  in  his  business  several  years  before  com- 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


549 


ingto  Minneapolis  m  1871.  Soon  after  his  arriv- 
al, lie  took  charge  of  the  operating  department  of 
Mr.  Jaeoby's  gallery.  In  August,  1875,  Mr. 
Floyd  opened  an  establishnnient  for  himself,  and 
does  a  large  business.  He  was  maiTied  to  Mrs. 
Frank  Sweet,  of  Minneapolis,  in  1875. 

Harlow  A.  Gale  was  born  in  Worcester  county, 
Massachusetts.  When  tiiree  years  of  age  his  fa- 
ther died,  and  he  lived  with  an  imcle  in  Vermont, 
Kev.  Samuel  (ioddard,  until  1845,  when  he  re- 
turned to  liis  mother.  In  1 852  he  went  to  Massa- 
chusetts, and  engaged  in  teaching  and  studying 
until  1856,  when  he  graduated  from  Union  Col- 
lege, New  York.  The  same  year  he  came  to  this 
city,  and  engaged  in  tlie  real  estate  business.  In 
1858  he  was  appointed  deputy  clerk  of  the  dis- 
trict court  for  Hennepin  county,  and  in  1859  was 
appointed  county  aviditor.  Was  subsequently 
elected  for  two  terms,  and  in  1865  declined  a  third 
nomination.  He  bougiit  out  the  insuriince  agency 
of  W.  B.  Cornell,  and  with  S.  C.  Gale  organized 
the  real  estate  and  insurance  agency  of  Gale  and 
Company.  In  1872  he  bought  and  platted  Gale's 
first  addition  to  Minneapolis,  and  in  1873  the 
second.  It  was  he  who  conceived  and  executed 
the  idea  of  tlie  present  city  market,  a  description 
of  which  may  be  found  elsewhere.  Mr.  Gale  was 
married  in  1859,  to  Lilibie  Griggs,  who  has  liorne 
him  four  cliildren  :  Harlow,  Robert,  Willie,  and 
Isabel. 

S.  C.  Gale  was  born  September  15th,  1827,  at 
Royalston,  Massachusetts.  Was  apinentieed  to 
learn  the  tanner's  trade  until  17  years  of  age, 
when  he  commenced  preparation  for  college.  lie 
studied  at  the  academies  of  Xew  Salem,  Shel- 
biniie  Falls,  and  West  Brattleboro,  Vermont,  and 
finally  Yale  College,  where  he  graduated  in  1854, 
after  which  lie  attended  Harvard  law  school  one 
year  and  taught  school  two  years,  continuing  to 
read  law  in  the  meantime.  In  1857  he  came  to 
Minneapolis,  and  the  autumn  of  the  same  year  he 
was  admitted  to  the  liar.  After  a  year  or  two  he 
discontinued  the  practice  of  law  and  engaged  in 
real  estate  business,  which  he  still  continues  with 
success.  Mr.  Gale  has  a  pleasant  home  on  the 
corner  of  First  Avenue  south  and  Fourth  street. 
He  was  married  October  15th.  1861,  to  Miss  Su- 
san Damon,  of  Massachusetts.  They  are  the  pa- 
rents of  five  children. 

G.  R.  Galpin,  a  native  of  Tioga  county,  Xew 


York,  was  born  March  27th,  1843.  He  resided 
there  until  1869,  when  he  came  to  Minneapolis; 
he  engaged  in  different  jiursuits,  and  for  a  time 
worked  at  his  trade  of  mill-wright,  but  finally  in 
1875,  started  in  the  grocery  business,  which  he 
still  conducts  at  No.  319  Washington  Avenue 
north. 

Morenus  Galpin  was  bom  in  Auburn,  New 
York,  April  23d,  1843.  In  early  life  he  moved 
with  his  parents  to  Battle  Creek,  Michigan,  where 
lie  learned  the  carpenter's  trade.  In  1802,  he  en- 
listed in  Merrill's  horse,  an  independent  regiment, 
designed  for  body-guard  to  General  Fremont, 
served  imtil  1865  and  was  wounded  five  times. 
He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1871;  for  two  years 
was  foreman  for  Frank  Fleming,  and  was  with 
George  Libby  five  years.  The  firm  of  Galpin 
and  Emerson  was  established  April  1st,  1880. 

Thomas  Gardiner  was  born  at  Fredericton,  New 
Brunswick,  September  12th,  1833.  He  moved  to 
St.  Anthony  in  1857,  and  remained  until  1860, 
when  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  engaged  in  the 
drug  business  with  Dr.  W.  H.  Leonard  at  the 
present  stand  of  Janney,  Brooks  and  Eastman. 
In  1868  the  firm  dissolved  by  mutual  consent, 
and  Mr.  Gardiner  went  in  business  alone,  estab- 
lishing a  homoeopathic  pharmacy,  which  despite 
the  fact  of  its  being  a  new  departure,  has  from 
the  first  grown  steadily.  Mr.  Gardiner  married 
in  1862,  Mary  Knight,  of  Buffalo,  New  York. 
Their  childi'en  are  Louise  and  Mary. 

L.  Garrity,  a  native  of  County  Mayo,  Ireland, 
was  born  in  1841.  He  emigrated  to  America  in 
1858,  and  after  a  short  residence  in  New  York,  lo- 
cated in  Hudson,  Wisconsin,  Miiere  he  remained 
until  1872;  then  removed  to  Minneapolis  and 
embarked  in  the  hotel  business  on  Second  Avenue 
south.  In  1877  he  went  to  his  present  location. 
No.  206  Washington  Avenue  south.  He  married 
Catharine  Hopkins  in  November,  1869.  Their 
children  are  Mary,  Kate,  James,  Edward,  Timo- 
thy and  Annie. 

C.  A.  Gau,  a  native  of  (ierniany,  was  born  in 
1844.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1866. 
For  three  years  he  lived  in  Carver,  Minnesota, 
and  kept  the  Railroad  House;  the  rest  of  the 
time  he  has  been  a  resident  of  Minneapolis,  and 
since  November,  1877,  has  been  iiroprietor  of  the 
Union  House,  No.  613  Washington  Avenue 
south.    In  1872  he  married  Louise  Thorn,  who 


550 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNIY. 


has  borne  him  tliiee  children:  Henry,  Amelia 
and  Louise. 

G.  A.  Gibbs  was  born  in  Montreal.  Canada. 
December  28th,  1841.  In  September  1861.  he 
he  moved  to  Port  Hope.  Michigan,  and  the  same 
fall  enUsted  in  the  Tenth  Michigan  Infantry, 
and  served  until  August.  1865;  he  returned  to 
Canada  and  worked  at  carpentering  there  until 
1870,  when  he  came  to  this  city  and  continued  in 
his  trade  several  years.  In  1877  he  passed  six 
months  at  Fort  Custer,  Montana,  but  returned 
in  June,  1878,  and  engaged  as  mill-wright  at  the 
Zenith  mill;  he  now  occupies  the  position  of 
head  mill-wright  at  the  North- western  mill.  His 
wife  was  Anna  Sweet,  of  Nova  Scotia;  they  were 
married  in  September  1871.  They  have  three 
children:  Marion.  Edgar  and  Howard. 

N.  H.  Giertsen,  a  native  of  Norway,  was  born 
January  2oth,  1852.  He  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1867,  and  settled  in  Minneapolis  where 
he  worked  in  various  lines  of  business  until  1871, 
when  he  opened  a  grocery  and  general  merchan- 
dise store  at  213  First  sti-eet  north  where  he  still 
continues  in  business.  Mr.  Giertsen  was  mar- 
ried in  1874  to  Mary  Clark  of  this  county.  They 
have  two  children:  Arthur  and  Mabel. 

Henry  Giles  was  bom  in  Oxfordshire,  England. 
He  came  to  New  York.  July  6th.  1848.  and  re- 
mained until  September,  1849.  having  charge  of 
the  naturalist,  Audubon,  during  the  time  his  mind 
was  impaired.  He  then  went  to  Eldorado.  Wis- 
consin, thence  to  Fon  du  Lac  where  he  fitted  up 
the  Forest  street  steam  mills;  he  then  had  charge 
of  a  mill  in  Menasha  for  about  two  years,  and  of 
the  Lawrence  mills  at  Appleton,  three  years.  In 
March,  1873.  he  came  here  and  was  employed  as 
head  stone-dresser  at  the  "A"  miU  four  years 
previous  to  the  explosion,  and  since  July,  1878, 
has  been  at  the  '■C"  mill.  He  married  Sarah 
Gilbert,  July  loth,  1S49;  she  has  borne  him  seven 
children:  Henry,  Lucy,  Willie,  Louisa  and  Lu- 
ella.  twins,  and  Hattie.  Gilbert  died  at  the  age 
of  four  years. 

J.  Gillesby  was  born  in  Hamilton,  Connecticut, 
August  20th.  1855.  He  lived  on  a  farm,  and 
from  boyhood  engaged  in  buying  and  sellmg 
stock.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1873,  and  has 
been  interested  in  the  meat  market  business 
most  of  the  time  since.  He  is  proprietor  of  the 
Clifton  House,  on  Third  street  north-east ;  it  is  a 


fine  little  brick  house  of  thirty  rooms,  and  nearly 
new.  Mr.  Gillesby  married  Katie  Rice,  of  Red 
Wing,  in  November,  1880. 

U.  M.  Gilmore,  born  at  Newville.  Pennsyl- 
vania, in  1840.  He  came  to  this  city  in  1857, 
but  on  account  of  the  financial  crash,  and  the 
hard  times  resulting,  he  returned  to  Pennsylva- 
nia in  the  fall  of  the  same  year.  In  1861  he  en- 
listed in  the  Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  the 
first  volunteer  regiment  of  cavalry  in  the  service. 
He  commenced  as  corporal,  but  when  mustered 
out  in  1864,  held  the  commission  of  captain:  he 
was  in  many  of  the  principal  battles,  and  was 
wounded  in  Januar>-,  1864.  After  leaving  the 
army  he  was  in  business  in  Pennsylvania  for 
abotit  one  and  one-half  years,  and  in  1866,  re- 
turned to  Minnesota;  he  was  in  the  auction  busi- 
ness for  six  years,  and  since  that  time  has  been 
engaged  in  furnitiu-e  manufacturing.  His  mar- 
riage with  Miss  Sarah  Kyle,  of  Maryland,  oc- 
curred in  1867.  They  reside  at  909  Washington 
Avenue  north. 

J.  H.  Gilmore,  born  at  Steubenville.Oliio.  July 
17th,  1848.  When  quite  young  he  moved  with 
his  parents  to  Mount  Pleasant,  where  he  attended 
the  public  schools  and  worked  at  farming  several 
years,  and  then  was  in  the  cattle  trade  until  1867. 
He  read  law  in  Illinois  two  years,  spent  the  same 
length  of  time  traveling  in  the  west,  and  returned 
home  and  purchased  an  interest  in  a  newspaper, 
which  he  sold  in  1872  and  removed  to  Chicago, 
thence  to  Minneapolis ;  here  he  followed  pruiting 
for  a  time,  then  became  associated  with  Mr. 
Baker  in  civil  engineering ;  he  now  owns  several 
farms  in  this  state  and  is  interested  in  real  estate 
and  lumbering.  His  nuptials  with  Abliie  Chase 
were  celebrated  February  19th,  1879.  They  have 
one  child,  Raymond. 

J.  A.  Gilman.  a  native  of  Wisconsin,  was  born 
in  Washington  county,  in  1834.  He  lived  there 
until  1873.  He  enlisted  in  the  Twenty-first  regi- 
ment of  United  States  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  at 
the  battle  of  Chickamauga.  in  Georgia,  he  was  cap- 
tured and  taken  to  Libby  prison  in  company  with 
sixty  others.  They  were  transferred  several  times 
and  after  fifteen  months"  imprisonment  Mr.Gilman 
and  eleven  others  were  exchanged,  the  remaining 
forty-nine  haviiig  died  during  confinement.  He 
was  honorably  discharged  at  Washington.  August 
6th,  1865.    He  then  returned  to  his  home  in  Wis- 


BIOGSAPHICAL. 


551 


consin,  and  in  1873  he  removed  to  Minnesota. 
He  remained  at  St.  Paul  a  few  montlis,  then  lie- 
came  a  resident  of  Minneapolis,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  He  has  been  in  the  employ  of  the 
St.  Panl,Minneapolisand  Manitoba Raihoad Com- 
pany as  car  inspector,  since  his  lirst  locating  liere. 
July  3d,  1869,  he  married  Amelia  Marco,  of  Wis- 
consin. Four  children  have  been  born  to  them: 
John  H.,  Nellie  E.,  Fred  R.,  and  Albert  A. 

J.  Q.  Gilman,  born  December  1st,  1851,  at  Hal- 
lowell,  Maine.  When  nineteen  years  of  age  he 
learned  the  blacksmith's  trade,  and  in  1872  opened 
a  shop  at  Richmond,  Maine.  Staid  there  only  one 
year,  and  removed  to  Gardiner,  where  lie  worked 
in  partnership  with  another  man  until  1877,  when 
he  came  here,  and  worked  at  his  trade  on  Sixth 
Avenue  south.  From  there  he  moved  to  the  cor- 
ner of  Fourth  Avenue  and  Third  street  south, 
and  in  November,  1880,  opened  the  shop  where 
he  now  is,  at  230  Fifth  Avenue  south.  In  June, 
1878,  he  married  Miss  Ida  Blaisdell. 

Charles  Gille,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  born 
September  2-5th,  1842.  He  came  to  America  in 
1852,  and  lived  at  Watertown,  Wisconsin,  until 
1861,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  Twentieth  Wiscon- 
sin Infantry,  and  served  threee  years.  He  was 
mustered  out,  and  re-enlisted  in  the  Forty-third 
Wisconsin  Infantry,  and  served  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  He  then  went  into  the  furniture  business 
in  Iowa,  and  from  there  to  Mankato,  Minnesota, 
where  he  was  employed  as  carpenter  imtil  1877, 
when  he  came  here,  and  has  since  been  a  con- 
tractor for  carpenter  work  ;  office  on  Third  street 
and  Fifteentli  Avenue  north-east.  In  1869  he 
married  Mary  Malli,  who  has  borne  him  seven 
children.  Those  living  are  :  Lena,  Emma,  Ber- 
tha, William,  and  Herman. 

G.  F.  Girrbach  was  born  March  29th,  1842,  at 
Calmbach,  Kingdom  of  Wurtemberg.  In  April, 
1864,  he  came  to  America.  Lived  a  few  months 
in  Connecticut,  then  to  New  York  city,  and  in 
1865  came  here.  He  worked  for  the  firm  of  J. 
Dean  and  Company  until  1871,  when  he  estab- 
lished himself  in  the  saxicery  business,  and  the 
year  following  added  a  stock  of  general  merchan- 
dise. He  is  doing  a  successful  business  at  1624 
Fifth  street  south.  His  wife  was  Louisa  Jager, 
whom  he  married  in  1864.  They  aie  the  par  nts 
of  six  children  :  Louisa,  William,  Lydia,  Fred, 
Mimiie,  and  Esther.  I 


James  Givans,  a  native  of  Ohio,  was  born  in 
1830.  He  went  to  West  Liberty,  Iowa,  in  1853, 
and  engaged  in  the  livery  business.  In  1872  he 
removed  to  Minneapolis,  and  occupied  stables 
with  Mr.  Ensign  until  1880,  when  he  moved  to 
the  alley  back  of  the  city  market.  He  has  a  sale 
stable  exclusively.  Mr.  Givans  married  Mary 
Innman,  of  Pennsylvania,  in  185.5.  She  died  in 
1867,  leaving  three  children:  George,  Sophia, 
and  Callle.  His  second  wife  was  Sarah  Bozarth, 
whom  he  married  in  1871.  She  has  borne  him 
three  children  :     Daisy,  Ethel,  and  Mary. 

Mitcliell  W.  Glenn  was  born  December  24th, 
1830,  at  Newark,  New  Jersey.  In  early  child- 
hood he  moved  to  Mount  Vernon,  Ohio,  and  at 
the  age  of  eleven  entered  a  machine  shop;  he 
afterwards  learned  ironing  carriages,  and  then  re- 
turned to  the  machine  shop.  He  entered  the 
army  as  color-bearer  of  the  Eighth  Indiana, 
though  he  had  the  use  of  but  one  arm,  the  other 
being  lame  from  an  injury:  at  the  battle  of  Rich 
Mountain,  he  carried  the  only  colors  on  the  field. 
He  received  several  wounds  at  that  battle,  one 
shows  plainly  now  over  the  left  eye.  After  his 
return  home  he  was  commissioned  adjutant  of  the 
Thirty-fifth  Indiana,  which  position  he  held  two 
years,  and  in  1863,  he  was  made  colonel  of  the 
One  hundred  and  Seventeenth  Ohio  Militia.  He 
came  to  this  place  in  1868,  and  went  into  the 
North  Star  Iron  Works.  In  1878.  he  purchased 
the  Minneapolis  Boiler  Works.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  the  city  council  since  1872,  with  the 
exception  of  one  yeai,  and  vice-president  of  the 
council  two  terms;  he  was  also  chairman  of  the 
board  of  county  commissioners  for  two  years. 
His  marriage  with  Mary  Kelly,  of  Ohio,  was  cel- 
ebrated October  8th,  1862.  Tlieir  children  are,  J. 
Willard  and  Eugene. 

William  Glessner  was  born  January  22d,  1816, 
in  Somerset  county,  Pennsylvania.  When  fifteen 
years  of  age  he  went  to  Ohio,  and  remained  until 
the  spring  of  1854,  when  he  came  to  St.  An- 
thony. He  entered  a  homestiad  and  lived  on  it 
only  one  year,  then  returned  to  St.  Anthony 
and  engaged  v\ith  ilr.  Johnson  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  furniture;  after  two  years  partnership  Mr. 
Glessner  carried  on  tlie  business  alone;  in  1870,  he 
abandoned  nianufactuiing  and  entered  the  retail 
furniture  and  the  undertaking  business,  which 
he  still  continues.     His  wife  was  Miss  Abbie  De 


552 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEIUN  COUNTY. 


Vaul,  of  Ohio,  who  has  borne  him  five  children. 
Mr.  Glessner's  residence  is  at  the  corner  of 
Eighth  street  and  Eighth  Avenue,  south-east. 

Gottleib  Ghiek  (deceased)  was  born  April  22d, 
ISiiS.  in  Gei-many.  In  1855.  he  came  to  America, 
and  the  year  following  moved  to  Minneapolis.  In 
1857,  he  built  a  brewery,  which  was  destroyed  by 
fire  and  rebuilt  in  1880:  it  has  a  capacity  of  forty- 
five  barrels  per  pay.  He  married  Caroline  Foell 
in  1857;  eleven  children  have  been  born  to  them,  j 

Louis,  Charles,  Emma,  fdeceased),  Emma,  Jen-  I 

i 

nie,  Carrie,  John.  Louisa,  Christina,  Annie  and 
Lydia.    Mr.  Gluek  died  October  16th.  1880. 

J.  G.  Gluck  was  born  March  24th.  1833.  in 
Bavaria.  In  1849,  he  came  to  America  and  lived 
in  Xew  York  city  nearly  fovir  yeare.  then  was  em- 
ployed as  journeyman  at  the  tailor's  trade  which 
he  learned  in  Bavaria.  In  1857,  he  came  here,  and 
the  year  following,  established  himself  in  busi- 
ness as  a  merchant  tailor  at  St.  Anthony;  since 
1863,  he  has  been  on  the  west  side  of  the  river.  He 
married  Annie  Gutzwieller  in  1858.  and  in  March. 
1876.  she  died,  leaving  four  children,  Franklin, 
John,  Mary  and  George.  His  second  wife  was 
Franziska  Boldt.  who  has  borne  him  two  children. 
Hugo  and  Albert. 

Ard  Godfrey,  a  native  of  Penobscot  county. 
Maine,  was  born  at  Orono,  January  18th.  1813. 
His  father  and  elder  brother  being  mill-wrights, 
he  learned  that  trade,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen, 
had  charge  of  building  a  lumber  mill.  In  1847 
he  came  to  St.  Anthony,  to  take  charge  of  the 
improvements  of  the  water  power  then  inaugu- 
rated by  FrankUn  Steele,  Rantoul  and  others. 
He  arrived  in  October,  and  in  1848  returned  to 
Maine.  While  there  he  made  arrangements  with 
Steele  to  return  to  St.  Anthony.  He  liad  quite  an 
experience  in  building  dams  in  Maine.  After  his 
return  to  this  place  he  operated  in  lumber  for 
Steele  and  others,  also  for  himself,  for  several 
years.  In  1852  he  had  a  claim  made  for  him  by 
Captam  Monroe,  of  Fort  Snelling,  near  Minne- 
haha Falls,  where  he  has  since  lived,  with  the 
exception  of  seven  yeai-s  spent  in  this  city,  to  give 
his  children  better  educational  advantages.  In 
1853  he  built  a  saw-mill  on  Muniehaha  Creek, 
and  in  1866  a  grist-mill;  both  were  destroyed  by 
fire.  He  was  married  in  January,  1838,  to  Har- 
riet N.  Burr,  of  Maine ;  children,  Helen,  now 
Mrs.  M.  Berry,  of  :SIinneapoMs;  Abner,  a  farmer 


near  Hancock;  Harriet  E..  a  teacher:  Martha  A., 
Sarah  C.  now  Mrs.  Osborne,  of  tlus  city  :  Mary 
and  Minnie.  Tliree  chDdren  died  in  infancy. 
Mr.  Godfrey  resides  on  his  farm  near  Minnehaha 
Falls  where  he  has  a  pleasant  home. 

Chris  Goehringer  came  to  Minnesota  m  1865, 
and  located  at  North  Branch;  he  was  one  of  four 
men  who  located  and  named  the  town.  He  re- 
sided there  about  three  and  one-half  years,  then 
came  to  this  city  and  worked  in  a  saw-mill  two 
years.  For  a  sliort  time  he  was  in  the  grocery 
business,  then  started  a  saloon  on  First  Avenue 
north,  and  is  now  in  the  same  business  at  101  Nic- 
ollet Avenue.  In  1870  he  helped  to  organize  hose 
company  number  three,  and  in  1872  was  elected 
its  first  assistant,  which  position  he  held  until 
1875,  when  he  was  elected  foreman,  and  acted  in 
that  capacity  until  the  company  disbanded  in 
1879.  lie  married  Mary  Nieson  in  1870.  Their 
children  are  Lena,  Chris  and  Kate. 

O.  A.  Gonyea,  a  native  of  Maine,  was  bom 
January  26th.  1833.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in 
1865.  and  for  sixteen  years  worked  in  the  woods 
and  on  the  river.  He  is  proprietor  of  the  New 
Idea  billiard  hall.  No.  21  Main  street  south-east, 
which  he  built  in  1872.  His  wife  was  Catherine 
Hogan.  whom  he  married  in  1861.  They  have 
four  children:  William.  Lillie.  NeUie  and  Charles. 

A.  H.  Goode  is  a  gentleman  whose  long  expe- 
rience well  qualifies  him  to  fill  the  position  he 
holds  as  manager  of  the  Minneapolis  branch 
house  of  J.  H.  Kerrick  and  Company.  This 
firm  manufacture  and  deal  m  iron  and  wood-work- 
ing machinery  and  supplies. 

P.  Goodrich  was  born  at  Rochester,  New  York, 
in  1857.  At  the  age  of  three  years  he  went  with 
hi.H  mother  to  Boston  and  lived  eight  years;  then 
after  passing  three  years  in  Chicago,  he  returned 
to  Rochester  to  prepare  for  college:  he  graduated 
from  the  univei-sity  of  tliat  city  in  1880.  and  came 
to  Minneapolis  in  August  of  the  same  year.  In 
September.  1880,  he  purchased  in  company  with 
J.  T.  Barnum,  the  trunk  manufactory  of  D.  D. 
Whitney,  whicli  business  they  are  now  conduct- 
ing at  25  Washington  Avenue  north. 

E.  Gordon,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  was 
born  in  July.  1853.  When  fourteen  years  of  age 
he  commenced  learning  the  mason's  trade,  and  has 
followed  that  occupation  since.  In  1855  he  came 
with  his  parents  to  St.  Anthony,  and  m  1867  re- 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


553 


moved  to  Colorado;  he  went  to  Michigan  in  1876, 
and  returned  to  this  city  in  1878,  since  whicli  time 
lie  has  done  business  here  as  contractor  for  ma- 
sonry work:  he  makes  a  specialty  of  plastering, 
cistern-building  and  kalsomining.  His  residence 
is  No.  810  Washington  Avenue  north. 

L.  B.  Gorman,  a  native  of  Quebec,  was  born  in 
September,  1853.  lie  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1867,  and  followed  the  lumber  business  at 
Grand  Rapids,  Wisconsin,  for  one  year.  In  1868 
he  came  to  ^Minneapolis  and  continued  tlie  same 
work  until  June,  1878,  when  he  took  the  billiard 
hall  at  the  corner  of  Hennepin  Avenue  and  Sec- 
ond street.  His  marriage  with  Jennette  Hibl)ard 
occurred  December  25th,  1878. 

William  W.Gould  was  born  in  Canada,  Decem- 
ber 15th,  1840.  He  learned  the  milling  business 
in  Uxbridge,  Ontario  county,  and  in  September, 
1865,  moved  to  Soutli  Bend,  Indiana,  where  he 
taught  school  one  year,  then  went  to  Boone  coun- 
ty, Iowa,  and  was  employed  in  cabinet  and  carpen- 
ter work  one  year,  thence  to  Council  Bluffs, 
where  he  worked  as  carpenter  for  the  Chicago 
and  Northwestern  Railway.  He  returned  to 
South  Bend  and  worked  at  milling  and  cabinet 
making  until  June,  1.S78,  when  he  came  to  this 
city  and  helped  build  the  Pettit  and  Washburn 
mills ;  since  June,  1880,  he  has  been  employed  as 
mill-WTight  at  the  North-western  mill.  He  mar- 
ried Alice  Burdic  in  1873.  They  have  one  child, 
Harry. 

Charles  E.  Gray.  l)orn  at  Westerly,  Washington 
county,  Maine,  October  7th,  1849.  When  six 
years  of  age  he  came  here  and  at  the  age  of  eigh- 
teen commenced  lumbering,  which  employment 
he  continued  for  seven  years.  In  1874  he  engaged 
in  the  milling  business  at  the  North  Star  mill;  re- 
mained two  and  one-half  years  with  this  firm,  be- 
ing part  of  the  time  in  charge  of  a  mill  at  Long 
Lake,  since  then  he  has  been  at  the  North-west- 
ern mill.  Mr.  Gray  married  Eva  Lowell,  April 
4th,  1H76.  They  had  one  child,  Sadie,  who  died 
m  infancy. 

C.  A.  Graves  was  born  at  Cameron,  Somerset 
county,  Maine,  April  25th,  1837.  In  early  man- 
hood he  commenced  to  work  at  building,  and  was 
engaged  on  saw  mills  on  the  Penobscot  river,  and 
at  different  places  in  the  United  States  and  Cana- 
da. In  1857  he  came  to  St.  Anthony ;  worked  at 
his  trade  on  the  St.  Croix  river  two  years,  thence 


to  Stillwater,  where  he  remained  until  1864,  when 
he  went  south  and  worked  one  year  for  the  govern- 
ment construction  department.  In  1867  he  came 
to  Minneapolis  and  since  that  time  has  been  em- 
ployed constructing  mills. 

Thomas  K.  Gray  was  bom  in  Lincoln  county, 
Maine,  in  June,  1833.  His  home  has  been  in 
Minneapolis  since  October,  1855.  In  1866  he 
married  Julia  Allen ;  they  are  the  parents  of  five 
children:  Horace,  Edward,  Herbert,  Grade  and 
Daisy.  Mr.  Gray  is  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  Gray 
and  Hoftlin  of  this  city,  and  is  also  in  the  drug 
business  at  No.  108  Bridge  square ;  this  business 
was  established  in  1856  by  John  D.  Gray  and  Dr. 
M.  R.  Greely.  In  1858,  T.  K.  Gray  bought  the 
doctor's  interest  and  the  firm  of  Gray  Brothers 
continued  until  1870,  when  John  D.  was  obliged 
to  travel  for  his  health,  and  Mr.  T.  K.  Gray  has 
since  been  alone  in  the  busines.  In  1865  the  pres- 
sent  building  was  erected  ;  three  stories  and  the 
basement  are  occupied  for  the  transaction  of  this 
large  and  increasing  business. 

J.  L.  (irandy  was  born  in  Dundas  county,  Can- 
ada, in  1825.  He  moved  with  his  parents  to  St. 
Lawrence  county.  New  York,  and  lived  there 
imtil  1847,  when  he  went  to  Wisconsin.  He  did 
carpenter  and  jobbing  work  at  Grand  Rapids 
until  the  war  broke  out,  when  he  enlisted  in  the 
Eighteenth  Wisconsin  Volunteers,  served  one 
year  and  was  discharged  for  disability.  In  the 
spring  of  1863  he  removed  to  Beaver  Dam  and 
remained  four  years  in  the  employ  of  J.  H.  Row- 
ell  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of  seeders.  Since  the 
fall  of  1867  he  has  resided  in  Minneapolis,  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  of  the  New  Comet 
washing  machines.  He  married  Pauline  Eaton, 
in  Wisconsin.  They  have  foiu'  children,  Phoebe 
Ann,  Augustus,  I^ouis  Lincoln  and  Ida  May. 

W.  Q.  Greely  was  born  May  20th,  1827,  in  Wal- 
do county,  Maine.  He  attended  school  until  sev- 
enteen years  of  age,  when  he  commenced  to  learn 
blacksmithing.  He  went  to  Bangor,  where  for 
five  years  he  worked  at  forging  for  Pope  and 
Lang:  also  fitted  up  a  factory  at  North  Vassel- 
borough,  Maine.  Since  October,  1855,  he  has 
lived  at  St.  Anthony.  He  occupied  various  loca- 
tions for  a  number  of  years,  and  finally  built  a 
shop  on  Main  street  south-east.  This  was  de- 
stroyed by  fire,  and  in  1877  he  purchased  the  shop 
he  now  occupies.  No.  131  Main  street  south-east. 


564 


HISTOIiY  OF  EENNEPIN  C0UN7Y 


His  wife  was  Amanda  Gowaii.  of  Bradford, 
Maine.  They  liave  two  children  living:  Otto 
and  Alice. 

Anton  Grethen,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  horn 
in  November,  1834.  and  in  18.54  emigrated  to 
America.  He  read  law  with  Brisbin  and  Bige- 
low,  of  St.  Paul,  and  was  achnitted  to  the  bar  in 
December,  1858.  He  followed  his  profession 
until  elected  auditor  of  Hennepin  county  in  1864. 
This  oflSce  he  filled  until  1871,  when  he  resumed 
his  law  practice  in  the  firm  of  D.  G.  Shilloek.  and 
afterward  with  (ieneral  Baxter.  In  1880  he  was 
elected  alderman  for  the  First  ward.  Mr.  Grethen 
resides  on  XicoUet  Island.  He  was  married  in 
1857  to  Babette  Jenkins.  Their  children  are: 
Emilie,  Adolf  and  Otto. 

J.  M.  Gritlith  was  born  in  1835,  in  Germany. 
AVhen  a  child  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Amer- 
ica, and  lived  in  Saint  Clair  county.  Illinois,  until 
twenty-one  years  of  age.  and  then  in  Montgomery 
county,  five  years.  He  removed  to  Montana, 
where,  for  nine  vears.  he  was  engaged  in  con- 
tracting and  building,  also  operated  a  saw-mill, 
and  for  a  time  conducted  a  general  merchandise 
business.  His  marriage  with  Came  Sharp  oc- 
curred in  April,  1867.  They  are  the  parents  of 
five  children:  Ernest,  Benjamin,  Mary,  Frank- 
lin, and  an  mfant.  He  is  now  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  brooms,  and  dealing  in  broom 
com. 

John  Grime,  a  native  of  England,  was  born  in 
1846.  He  came  to  America  in  1869,  and  locating 
at  Scranton,  Pennsylvania,  commenced  work  in 
the  Delaware.  Lackawanna  and  Western  rail- 
way shops,  where  he  was  employed  until  1870; 
that  year  he  came  to  Miimeapolis  and  worked  for 
the  ^Minneapolis  and  St.  Louis  Railway  Company 
imtil  1872,  when  he  went  to  the  Harvester  AVorks, 
and  in  April,  1880,  began  preparations  for  his 
present  business,  that  of  manufacturing  ma- 
chinists" and  engineers"  tools.  Mr.  Grime  was 
married  in  this  city,  September  22d,  1875,  to  Em- 
ma Morrill.    They  have  one  son.  Edward. 

"William  Grimshaw,  a  native  of  Philadelphia. 
Pennsylvania,  was  born  December  6th,  1853. 
He  came  to  Minneapolis  with  his  parents  in  1855; 
he  studied  here  and  grailuated  from  the  only  high 
school  in  the  city  at  that  time.  When  only  four- 
teen years  of  age  he  commenced  the  carpenter's 
trade,  working  with  his  father  summers  and  at- 


tending school  winters;  his  business  is  now  that 
of  architect  and  builder.  He  was  married  in  Oc- 
tober, 1876,  to  ^liss  Miimie,  daughter  of  George 
Roberts,  of  Wisconsin. 

E.  S.  Grindall  was  born  at  Penobscot.  Maine, 
March,  1832.  He  moved  with  liis  parents  to 
Bangor,  and  followed  butchering  for  five  years; 
then  he  went  to  Boston  and  engaged  in  draying 
until  1855,  when  he  removed  to  Iowa,  and  a  few 
months  later,  to  this  city.  He  was  with  Hause 
and  Bailey  for  a  time,  and  then  in  the  employ  of 
Stimson  and  Hayes,  and  in  1855-"56  assisted  in 
drawing  stone  for  the  old  Winslow  House.  In 
1865  he  started  a  dray  line,  which  he  has  since 
continued  with  profit.  He  was  married  in  1858 
to  Sarah  Smith.  They  are  the  parents  of  four 
children:  Sabine,  George,  Eaberand  Bertie.  Mr. 
Grindall's  father  was  county  commissioner  for 
several  years;  his  mother  is  still  living. 

John  Grosbusch.  a  native  of  Germany,  was 
born  in  1846.  He  came  to  America  in  1868,  and 
lived  on  a  farm  one  vear  near  Albert  Lea;  from 
there  he  went  to  Steele  county  where  he  worked 
on  a  farm  and  in  a  brewery  untU  1871,  when  he  re- 
moved to  this  city,  and  was  in  a  brewery  here 
four  years,  then  started  a  saloon  on  Washington 
Avenue,  and  in  the  spring  of  1880  moved  to  his 
present  location  He  married  Theresa  Ilausler  in 
1876.    Their  children  are  Mary  and  John. 

Freeman  Cirover.  a  native  of  ]!sew  Brunswck, 
was  born  September  13th.  1831.  In  1857  he 
moved  to  Wisconsin  and  was  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness until  187.0.  then  he  went  south  and  for  three 
years  was  engaged  in  growing  oranges  in  Florida, 
but  returned  to  Wisconsin  and  in  1880  came  to 
this  city.  He  is  proprietor  of  the  Butler  Hotel, 
No.  709  Third  street  south.  In  June,  1862,  he  mar- 
ried Margaret  Ileasely.  Five  children  have  been 
born  to  them:  John.  Mary.  Otis,  George  and 
Ward. 

Frank  Grygla,  born  in  1848.  at  Cracow,  Poland, 
aiul  emigrated  to  America  in  1870  ;  he  lived  m 
Milwaukee  two  years,  then  removed  to  Chicago. 
In  1877  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  in  company 
with  Mr.  Selden  engaged  the  manufacture  of  gal- 
vanized iron  cornice,  fire  and  water-proof  sky 
lights,  elevator  buckets,  doors  and  shuttere.  etc., 
etc..  No.  114  Third  street  north.  Mr.  Grygla  was 
married  in  1877.  He  is  the  father  of  two  child- 
ren. 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


555 


Absalom  R.  Guilder,  born  at  Milton,  Vermont, 
in  August,  1826.  He  lived  with  his  parents  un- 
til 1842,  when  he  moved  to  Watertown,  Wiscon- 
sin, and  engaged  in  building  the  "Old  Yellow 
mill"  or  that  place.  In  1866  he  came  to  Minne- 
apolis to  assist  in  the  construction  of  the  Wash- 
burn 15  mill ;  after  its  completion  lie  turned  his 
attention  to  a  long  felt  want  of  those  interested 
in  milling ;  after  a  long  and  laborious  task  he  was 
rewarded  with  a  series  of  patents,  which  placed 
him  in  the  front  rank  of  our  ablest  inventors.  In 
June,  1872,  he  secured  his  first  patent  for  a  mid- 
dlings purifier,  the  second  in  December  of  the 
same  year,  the  third  in  October,  1873,  the  fourth 
in  September,  1874,  the  fifth  in  May,  1875,  and 
the  sixth  was  for  drying  and  draining  hose.  In 
April  1876,  he  made  an  improvement  on  granu- 
lating machines,  and  in  September,  1876,  another 
patent  on  middlings  purifiers;  July,  1877,  an  im- 
provement on  the  turbine  wheel,  and  in  1877, 
1878,  and  1880,  he  received  re-issues  on  several  of 
them ;  they  are  all  patented  in  the  United  States 
and  Canada  and  his  machinery  has  been  sold  in 
all  parts  of  the  world  where  fioiir  is  manufac- 
tured. Mr.  Guilder  married  Eva  Collins  in  1850. 
They  have  one  child,  Ella.  Mrs.  Guilder  died 
February  10th  1S71. 

Simon  Guimon  was  born  in  Quebec,  Canada, 
May  12th,  1840.  He  moved  to  Dayton,  Minne- 
sota, in  1862,  and  for  four  years  was  in  the  wood 
business;  in  1866,  he  moved  to  Anoka,  and  worked 
eleven  years  as  sawyer  m  the  mills;  he  removed 
to  this  city  in  1877,  spent  two  years  more  in  the 
wood  business,  and  in  May,  1880,  bought  the 
Union  house,  121  First  street  north.  His  wife 
was  Ellen  Goodin;  they  were  married  in  July, 
1866;  seven  children  have  been  born  to  then, 
those  living  are  Mary,  Josephine,  Simon,  Nellie, 
and  Ida. 

S.  R.  Gunnersen  was  born  in  Norway,  in  1844. 
He  attended  school  in  his  native  town  until  his 
eighteenth  year,  when  he  entered  the  University 
at  Christiana.  Passed  all  the  degrees  common  to 
a  divinity  student,  and  in  1867,  took  the  degree 
of  D.  D.  Afterwards  studied  theology  in  Ger- 
many. After  traveling  through  several  Euro- 
pean countries,  came  to  Augsburg  Seminary, 
Minneapolis,  in  1874,  and  was  elected  a  member 
of  its  faculty. 


CHAPTER  LXXIX. 

BIOGRAPniCAL.    H,   I    AND   J. 

Charles  F.  Haglin,  of  the  firm  of  Haglin  and 
Corser,  architects,  was  born  at  Syracuse.  New 
York,  in  1848.  He  studied  tlie  profession  of 
architect  at  Syracuse,  and  in  1869,  moved  to  De- 
troit, Michigan,  remaining  luitil  the  fall  of  the 
same  year,  when  he  went  to  Cliicago.  and  in  1873, 
came  to  Minneapolis.  He  estalilished  an  office  in 
connection  with  Mr.  Long,  and  in  1876,  formed  a 
partnership  with  Mr.  Corser.  Mr.  Haglin  drew 
the  plans  for  the  Minneapolis  and  St.  Paul  depot, 
also  for  the  high  school  building,  completed  1879. 
W.  N.  Haight  was  born  at  Burlington,  Ver- 
mont, in  1850.  His  early  life  was  passed  at  St. 
Albans,  of  that  state,  and  after  the  age  of  twelve 
years,  he  was  there  engaged  in  architecture  and 
building.  He  located  in  Minneapolis,  in  1876, 
and  has  been  successful  in  business.  Mr.  Haight 
built  the  Woman's  Home,  Col.  Benton's  residence 
and  others. 

Christopher  Webber  Hall  was  liorn  in  Wards- 
boro,  Windliam  county,  Vermont,  February  28th, 
1845.  He  remained  with  his  parents  on  the  farm, 
attending  the  village  school,  and  for  one  or  two 
terms  the  Lelaud  and  Gray  Seminary,  at  Town- 
send,  Vermont,  until  he  began  preparation  for 
college  at  Chester  Academy,  Chester,  Vermont. 
The  expense  of  his  preparatory  course  was  paid 
by  teaching  penmanship.  Entered  Middlel)ury 
College  in  1867,  and  graduated  in  1871.  Taught 
one  year  at  Glen's  Falls,  New  York  ;  then  came 
to  Mankato,  Minnesota,  as  principal  of  high 
school.  In  1873  he  was  elected  superintendent  of 
the  Owatonna  city  schools,  where  he  remainad 
until  his  departure  for  Europe  to  pursue  his  sci- 
entific studies  in  the  universities  of  Germany. 
July  27th,  1875,  he  married  Nellie  A.,  eldest 
daughter  of  Hon.  M.  H.  Dunnell,  of  Owatonna, 
who  shortly  afterward  accompanied  him  to  Ger- 
many. She  died  at  Leipzic,  February  21st,  1876. 
After  taking  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy, 
Prof.  Hall  returned  to  America  in  December,  1877, 
and  passed  six  weeks  assisting  Prof.  Seeley.at  the 
Middlebury,  Vermont,  College.  In  April,  1878, 
upon  invitation  of  Prof.  Winchell,  he  came  to 
Minneapolis,  and  entered  into  work  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Minnespta,  relieving  that  gentleman  of 


656 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


his  class-room  duties,  that  he  might  give  his  at- 
tention to  the  duties  of  tlie  natm-al  liistory  sur- 
vey of  the  state.  In  June  following  he  was  em- 
ployed for  one  year  with  the  duties  indicated  hy 
tlie  title  of  assistant  state  geologist,  and  later,  the 
same  year,  was  appointed  professor  of  geology, 
mineralogj-  and  biology,  wliieh  position  he  has 
since  held. 

J.  G.  Haller,  pastor  of  the  Evangelical  Mission, 
was  bom  in  Iv'ew  York,  in  1858,  moved  to  Michi- 
gan in  1864,  and  was  converted  at  twelve.  He 
attended  district  school  until  fourteen  years  of 
age,  then  took  a  clerkship  in  a  mercantile  house 
for  a  few  months:  it  not  being  congenial  to  his 
tastes,  left  it  and  fitted  for  college  in  the  high 
school.  At  sixteen  entered  the  Jfortli-western 
college,  at  Xapierville,  Illinois,  and  graduated 
in  tliree  years.  Came  to  Minnesota  in  1877, 
taught  school  seven  months,  in  Stearns  counti.', 
and  in  1878  joined  the  Minnesota  conference  and 
was  stationed  on  the  Dakota  circuit,  twenty-flve 
miles  south  of  St.  Paul,  laboring  jointly  with 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Manthey.  In  the  spring  of  1879 
stationed  at  the  Minneapolis  Mission,  when  fail- 
ing health  almost  compelled  him  to  abandon  the 
ministry,  but  feeling  a  stronger  obligation  to  his 
Master  than  to  himself,  he  persevered  until  health 
returned. 

Lorentz  Hailing,  a  native  of  Sweden,  was  bom 
in  1839.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1867, 
residing  in  Xew  York  one  year  where  he  was  em- 
ployed as  tailor.  After  visiting  cities  in  Wis- 
consin and  ^Michigan,  he  located  at  Winona.  Min- 
nesota, where  he  remained  two  and  one-half 
years.  In  1871.  he  removed  to  Minneapolis, 
where  he  opened  a  saloon  and  has  since  resided. 
Mr.  Hailing  manied  .lulia  Danielson,  in  1870. 
Their  children  are  Hjalmar.  Xellie,  Jessie,  and 
Florence. 

William  S.  Hall,  a  native  of  England,  was 
bom  in  January.  1844.  He  came  to  America,  in 
September.  1869.  fii-st  locating  at  Philadelphia, 
and  remaining  there  until  1871,  when  he  returned 
to  England.  In  1873  he  returned  to  America 
and  removed  to  Hudson,  Wisconsin,  where  he 
was  in  the  employ  of  the  West  Wisconsin  rail- 
road until  1878:  he  then  came  to  ^linneapolis. 
and  entered  his  present  business,  that  of  ma- 
chinist. His  man-iage  with  Miss  Alice  Singleton 
was    solemnized    at  Bmy,    England,,  in_  1868. 


Their  children  are:  Sarah  A.,  John  Wm.,  and 
Susan. 

Hobart  O.  Hamlin,  son  of  Oliver  Hamlin,  was 
born  at  Salem,  Wayne  county.  Pennsylvania, 
June  29th.  1832.  Mr.  Hamlin  moved  to  St.  An- 
thony, ^Minnesota  Territory,  in  1854,  and  has 
since  resided  at  the  Falls.  In  the  fall  of  1856, 
he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  with  Al- 
pheus  Rowell.  and  in  common  with  many  othei-s 
durmg  the  ti-ying  period  of  1857,  he  met  with 
severe  financial  reverses.  In  that  year  he  was 
elected  the  first  auditor  of  Hennepin  comity,  but 
soon  resigned  his  position  and,  in  1861.  was 
elected  clerk  of  the  district  court,  which  office  he 
filled  foiu'  years.  In  1877.  he  formed  a  partner- 
ship witli  Zelora  E.  Brown,  and  tliey  have  since 
been  successfully  engaged  in  the  real  estate,  loan 
and  insurance  business.  Mr.  Hamlin's  and  Miss 
Anna  Rocke's  nuptials  were  celelirated.  Septem- 
ber 28th,  1862.  Their  children  are:  Grant  G., 
Oliver  C,  George  B.,  Ernest  T.  Kate  and  Ho- 
bart O. 

Henry  Ilamm.  a  native  of  Germany,  was  bom 
in  1846.  He  came  to  the  United  States,  in  1873, 
locating  in  Philadelphia,  and  veiy  soon  enlisted  in 
the  Ninety-eighth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  in 
which  he  ser\-ed  eight  months.  He  returned  to 
Philadelphia,  where  he  engaged  in  blacksmithing 
until  1867.  He  established  his  saloon  Inisiness  in 
Minneapolis  in  1879.  He  was  married  to  Lizzie 
Freideger  in  1872,  and  have  three  children,  Annie, 
Maggie  and  Lillie. 

William  Hammond  was  born  in  Oakfield.  Wis- 
consin, May  22d,  1847.  He  came  to  Miimeapolis 
in  1870  and  worked  at  lumbering  ten  years.  In 
July.  1880.  he  established  a  saloon  business  at  21 
Nicollet  Avenue. 

C.  J.  Ilamnstrom  was  bom  May  16th,  1843,  in 
Sweden.  He  learned  the  trade  of  shoe-maker 
at  an  early  age.  and  continued  in  that  avocation 
until  1865,  when  he  came  to  the  United  States, 
proceeding  directly  to  Minnesota.  Four  years  he 
was  engaged  in  the  pursuit  of  his  trade  in  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  state,  thence  came  to  Minneapo- 
lis. In  1874,  he  opened  an  estabUshment  and  has 
since  been  very  successful  in  the  manufacture  of 
boots  and  shoes.  Mr.  Ilamnstrom  was  married 
in  1866  to  Miss  Barbara  Larsom,  of  Sweden. 
They  have  foiu-  children,  Preston,  David,  Lydia 
and  Elizabeth. 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


557 


Kichard  Hankinson  was  born  at  Grand  Rapids, 
Michigan,  in  1842.  He  lived  on  a  farm  until 
1861,  when  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  Eiglith 
ilicliigan  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  was  wounded 
at  Wilmington  Island  in  1862,  and  was  discharged 
in  1863,  on  account  of  his  wounds.  He  re-enlisted 
in  the  Thirteenth  JMichigan  Light  Artillery  and 
served  till  the  close  of  the  war.  He  came  to 
Minneapolis  in  186-5  and  entered  the  service  of  the 
North-western  Telegraph  company,  and  has  since 
been  in  their  employ.  He  was  line  builder  and 
repairer  four  years;  for  three  years  was  superm- 
tendent  of  construction,  and  since  has  been  as- 
sistant general  superintendent.  He  organized  the 
North-western  Telephone  E.xchange  company  in 
1878,  and  was  elected  general  manager,  serving 
as  such  until  March  1880. 

Samuel  F.  Ilance,  physician  and  surgeon,  was 
born  at  Macedou,  Wayne  county.  New  York, 
July  1st,  1825.  He  was  educated  at  Canandaigua, 
New  York,  also  at  Wesleyan  University  of  Lima. 
He  studied  and  graduated  as  M.  D.  at  the  Albany 
Medical  College,  and  has  been  in  continuous 
practice  since.  In  1862,  he  entered  the  army  as 
surgeon  of  the  Eighty-ninth  Illinois  Infantry,  and 
was  successively  promoted  brigade  surgeon,  and 
division  medical  director,  in  General  McCook's 
corps.  On  account  of  ill-health,  he  served  only 
two  years.  He  located  at  Minneapolis,  ui  1872, 
and  has  practiced  here  since.  Dr.  Hance  is  a 
member  of  the  State  Medical  Society  of  Minne- 
sota. He  and  Miss  Sarah  ^^^ right  were  united  in 
matrimony,  in  1855.  They  have  one  child,  Eliz- 
abeth. 

George  A.  Hanson  was  born  at  Soutlibridge, 
Worcester  county,  Massachusetts,  in  1842.  He 
received  an  academic  education  and  a  course  in 
Thompson,  Connecticut,  College.  In  1861,  he 
enlisted  in  Company  II,  Eifty-flrst  ^lassachusetts 
nine-months'  volunteers,  and  was  discharged  at 
the  expiration  of  the  time.  After  his  discharge 
he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  until  com- 
ing to  Minneapolis,  in  1875.  Tlie  next  year  he 
was  employed  as  general  agent  of  the  Non-istown 
agricultural  works  until  1878,  when  he  entered 
the  Minneapolis  Harvester  works,  as  general  su- 
perintendent, where  he  has  since  remained.  Mr. 
Hanson's  marriage  with  Miss  Carrie  Lewis  oc- 
curred at  Soutlibridge,  August,  1861.  Their 
children  now  living  are  George,  Frank  and  Edgar. 


J.  D.  Hanson  was  born  October  30th,  1826,  at 
St.  Stevens,  Charlotte  county.  New  Brunswick. 
At  nine  years  of  age  he  apprenticed  as  a  black- 
smith, and  has  since  engaged  in  the  business. 
He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1877,  and  two  years 
later  built  the  shop  he  now  occupies.  Having 
formed  a  partnership  with  his  son,  the  firm  is 
now  known  as  J.  D.  Hanson  and  Son.  He  was 
married  June  13th,  1848,  to  iliss  Susan  Toiu-til- 
lott  who  bore  him  four  sons  and  three  daughters. 

J.  W.  Hargraves  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
at  an  early  age  moved  with  his  parents  to  Wiscon- 
sin. At  the  age  of  twelve  he  removed  to  Deco- 
rah,  Iowa,  and  while  there  accpiired  a  knowledge 
of  milling.  In  1877,  he  removed  to  Lanesboro, 
where  he  remained  three  years;  he  then  came  to 
Minneapolis.  Mr.  Hargraves  was  married  in 
1878,  to  Miss  Augusta  Jordan,  who  bore  him  one 
child,  James  C. 

Ariel  C.  Harris,  attorney  at  law,  was  born  at 
Toledo,  Ohio,  November  30th,  18.55.  He  was  ed- 
ucated in  the  Toledo  high  school  and  University 
of  California.  He  read  law  in  the  law  depart- 
ment of  Michigan  University  in  the  class  of  1876. 
After  practicing  in  Detroit,  Michigan,  for  a  time 
he  removed  to  Texas,  in  1877,  thence  to  this  city 
in  the  summer  of  1879.  Mr.  Harris  was  mana- 
ger of  the  Saturday  Evening  Spectator  one  year, 
when  he  opened  his  law  office  and  has  since  prac- 
ticed his  profession. 

S.  A.  Harris,  cashier  of  the  North-western  Na- 
tional Bank,  tirst  came  to  this  city  in  1868.  From 
1870  until  April,  1880,  he  held  positions  in  the 
different  banking  iastitutions  in  the  city  At 
the  latter  date  he  was  elected  to  his  present  posi- 
tion. 

H.  G.  Harrison  was  born  at  Belleville,  St. 
Clair  county,  Illinois,  April,  1822.  He  remained 
at  his  native  place  until  1859,  when  he  came  to 
Minneapolis  and  engaged  in  lumbering,  and  or- 
ganized the  firm  of  J.  Dean  and  Company.  When 
the  Security  Bank  was  establislied,  Mr.  Harrison 
became  its  vice-president,  which  office  he  has 
since  held.  He  was  the  second  person  who  en- 
gaged in  the  wliolesale  grocery  liusiness  in  this 
city:  lie  opened  with  a  partner,  B.  S.  Bull,  in 
1863.  After  a  period  of  eight  years  a  new  part- 
nersliip  was  formed  with  George  R.  Newell,  which 
was  dissolved  in  1879.  Mr.  Harrison  was  mar- 
ried in  1847,  to  ^Miss  Irene  A.  Robinson,  who  died 


558 


HISTOBT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


in  1876.  Their  cliildren  are  Edwin,  George, 
Lewis,  Hugh  and  Perry.  Mv.  Harrison  remar- 
ried to  Miss  Lizzie  Hunt,  who  bore  liimone  cliild. 
James  G. 

Thomas  A.  Harrison  was  l)oni  in  St.  Clair 
county,  Illinois.  December  IStli,  1811.  He  lived 
on  a  farm  until  sixteen  years  of  age,  when  he 
moved  with  his  father  to  Belleville,  Illinois,  and 
worked  in  a  flour  mill  which  his  father  had  pur- 
chased. In  1860,  iMr.  Harrison  removed  to  JSIin- 
neapolis  to  join  his  two  brothers  who  had  pre- 
ceded him.  Two  years  later  he  entered  into 
partnership  with  his  brothere,  and  J.  Dean,  form- 
ing the  well-known  firm  of  J.  Dean  and  Company, 
and  carried  on  an  extensive  lumber  trade.  When 
tlie  Security  Bank  came  Into  existence,  ilr. 
Harrison  was  elected  its  president,  which 
high  trust  he  still  retains.  His  marriage  with 
Miss  Rebecca  Green  was  solemnized  in  Novem- 
ber, 1840.    Four  children  were  born  to  them. 

Philip  Hartmami,  a  native  of  Germany,  was 
born  in  1846.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1854,  locating  in  Scott  county,  Minnesota.  Ten 
years  later  he  removed  to  ^liinieapolis,  where  he 
was  employed  in  Morrison  Brothers'  saw-mills, 
until  1874,  when  he  opened  a  saloon,  billiard-hall 
and  summer  gardens,  at  his  present  location.  Mr. 
Hartmann  married  Katie  Pauly,  in  1872,  who 
bore  him  live  children.  Those  living  are: 
Adolph,  Philip  and  Annie. 

Charles  C.  Hashow,  a  native  of  France,  was 
born  in  1843.  He  became  familiar  with  the  ma- 
chinist's trade,  in  his  native  country.  In  1862, 
he  came  to  America  and  superintended  several 
copper  mines  on  Lake  Superior.  He  invested 
largely  in  mining  stock,  but  in  the  tinancial  panic 
after  the  war,  he  lost  heavily  and  was  left  desti- 
tute. He  walked  from  La  Belle  to  Houghton, 
sixty-eight  miles,  then  went  by  boat  to  Green 
Bay,  thence  to  Chicago,  where  he  found  employ- 
ment, which  was  furnished  him  by  the  North- 
western ^Manufacturing  Company.  In  1865,  he 
came  to  Minneapolis,  and  was  engaged  as  fore- 
num  in  the  Minneapols  lorn-Works  ten  years, 
then  began  business  for  himself  once  more.  Mr. 
Hashow  married  Jliss  JSIary  Crickler,  in  1866. 
Their  children  are:  Charles  and  Louise. 

W.  H.  Hastings  was  born  in  Elmira,  Chemung 
county,  New  York.  He  came  west  with  his 
parents  who  located  at  Red  Whig,  Minnesota. 


Here  he  remained  and  was  engaged  six  years  in 
the  flouring  mills.  After  pursuing  his  trade,  in 
the  states  of  Michigan  and  Wisconsin,  he  re- 
tiuned  to  Minnesota  and  was  employed  in  the 
Galaxy  mills  of  this  city,  as  stone  dresser.  He 
was  married  May  30th,  1871,  to  Miss  Bessie  Ken- 
dall.   They  are  parents  of  one  child.  Bernice. 

Henry  Hauschild,  a  native  of  Germany,  was 
born  in  1848.  He  came  to  America  in  1867,  and 
lived  two  years  in  southern  Minnesota,  when  he 
removed  to  this  city.  In  the  spring  of  1880,  he 
became  proprietor  of  the  present  sample  room  and 
billiard  hall.  Mr.  Hauschild  and  Miss  Jennie 
Stremel  were  married  m  1872.  They  have  two 
children,  Oscar  and  John. 

Jacob  Hauser  was  born  m  Germany  in  1829. 
He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1853,  locating 
first  in  Wisconsin ;  during  the  same  year  he  went 
to  California,  where  he  remained  three  years, 
when  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  at  once  opened 
a  grocery  store.  He  is  one  of  the  oldest  grocers 
in  the  city.  Mr.  Hauser  was  married  in  1857,  to 
Catherine  Holloran,  a  native  of  Ireland.  Their 
children  are  Catherine,  Johanna  and  John. 

J.  F.  Ilause  was  born  at  Tyrone,  Schuyler 
comity.  New  York,  July  12th  1850.  He  came  to 
Minneapolis  in  1870,  and  after  working  three 
years  for  Mr.  Heffelflnger  became  his  partner  in 
the  boot  and  shoe  trade.  Two  years  later  he 
opened  a  shoe  store  and  in  1875,  sold  a  share  to 
Mr.  Davis;  this  firm  continued  until  April.  1880, 
when  Jilr.  Davis  sold  and  was  succeeded  by  Mr. 
Chesnut.  The  firm  is  now  known  as  Hause  and 
Chesnut. 

E.  P.  Hawthone,  retired,  was  bom  at  Hunting- 
ton, New  York,  in  18'42.  He  came  to  St.  Paul  in 
1861,  and  immediately  opened  a  farm  of  160  ficres 
in  Richfield,  Hennepin  county.  He,  however,  still 
resided  in  St.  Paul,  remaining  there  until  1866, 
when  he  removed  and  located  on  his  farm.  There 
he  remamed  ten  years  at  the  expiration  of  which, 
he  removed  with  his  family  to  Minneapolis  and 
rented  the  farm,  which  he  still  owns.  ^Ir.  Haw- 
thorne and  Miss  Rebecca  Giles  were  married  in 
1866.  Their  children  are  Meredith,  Harry  and 
William. 

W.  P.  Hawthorne  was  born  in   Westchester 

county.  New  York,  in  1837.     He  located  in  Henry 

I  county,  Illinois,  in  1859,  where  he  engaged  in 

farming  two  years.    In  1862,  he  enlisted  in  the 


BIOGBAFHICAL. 


569 


Nineteenth  Illinois  volunteers  and  served  three 
years.  lie  participated  in  some  of  the  most  noted 
engagements.  After  his  discharge  in  1865,  he 
came  to  ilinnesota,  locating  on  a  farm  in  Kich- 
field,  where  he  remained  thirteen  years.  He  then 
removed  to  Minneapolis  and  entered  the  flouring 
mill  business  and  built  the  Trades  mill  in  com- 
pany with  his  brother,  D.  M.  Hawthorne,  in  1879. 
Mr.  Hawthorne's  man'iage  to  Miss  Ellen  Shark 
took  place  in  1865.  Their  children  are  Nor- 
man and  Ellen. 

John  Hayes,  born  in  June,  1819,  is  a  de- 
scendant of  William  Hayes  and  Julia  Ryan,  of 
Ireland.  He  came  to  America  in  1847,  remain- 
ing a  short  time  in  New  York,  then  came  to 
St.  Anthony,  in  1856.  Mr.  Hayes  was  one  of  the 
early  settlers,  and  was  obliged  to  endure  the 
hardships  of  pioneer  life.  lie  pursued  his  avoca- 
tion, that  of  a  carpenter  until  May,  1861,  when  he 
engaged  in  the  grocery  business  in  which  he  has 
since  continued.  JSIr.  Hayes  was  married  in 
Chicago,  July  8th,  1855,  to  Miss  Margaret  Hardy. 
They  have  eight  children,  all  of  whom  are  livhig 
at  home  except  two  daughters,  who  are  at  the 
convent  in  St.  Paul. 

M.  P.  Hayes  was  born  at  Limerick,  Maine,  in 
1829.  He  went  to  Brighton,  Massachusetts, 
where  he  was  employed  as  salesman  in  a  meat 
market,  remaining  about  seven  years.  In  the 
fall  of  1854,  he  came  to  St.  Anthony  and  opened 
a  meat  market  which  he  kejit  until  1865,  when  in 
company  witli  H.  M.  Martin,  he  established  the 
old  St.  Anthony  Iron  Works.  In  1876,  they  took 
another  partner,  C.  R.  Bushnell,  and  continued 
business  until  1879,  when  their  works  were  des- 
troyed by  Are.  In  1876,  Mr.  Hayes  in  company 
with  T.  F.  Andrews  built  the  block  occupied  by 
N.  B.  Harwood  and  company.  Three  years  later 
they  built  four  elevators.  Mr.  Hayes  was  mar- 
ried at  J.,imerick,  Maine,  in  1855,  to  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Stimson.  Their  children  are  Ellen  E.,  Car- 
rie A.,  Emma  and  Frank  M. 

George  Hayford  was  born  at  Farmersville,  Cat- 
araugus  county.  New  York,  in  1843.  He  came 
to  this  city  in  1865,  and  was  employed  by  Judd 
and  Brackett  in  the  Washburn  B  mill,  since 
which  time  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  different 
mills  of  the  city,  occupying  the  position  of  head 
miller,  grinder,  and  stone-dresser.  Mr.  Hayford 
was  married  to  Miss  Ardilla  Stillman  from  his 


old  home  in  New  York,  in  1864.  They  have  one 
child. 

O.  F.  Haynes  was  born  November  7th,  1845,  at 
Wilmington,  Vermont.  He  learned  the  trade  of 
blacksmith,  and  since  his  locating  in  Minneapolis, 
has  been  engaged  in  the  pursuit  of  his  avocation. 
He  was  married  November  12th,  1865,  to  Angle 
E.  Bowen,  born  at  Jamaica,  Vermont,  in  1848. 
They  have  two  children,  Lillian  A.,  and  Fred- 
die E. 

Lambert  Hays,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
December  25th,  1841.  He  came  to  Albany,  New 
York  with  his  parents,  where  they  lived  three 
years.  After  living  five  years  in  Wisconsin,  he 
removed  to  St.  Antliony,  where  he  engaged  in 
the  bakery  business  in  which  he  continued  until 
1871.  He  then  opened  his  First  and  Last  Chance 
sample  room  at  his  present  location,  lie  has  also 
been  a  member  of  the  city  fire  department  sev- 
eral years.  Mr.  Hays  was  married  in  1H64.  Their 
children  are,  Katie,  Theodore,  Lambert,  Lizzie, 
Joseph,  Mary,  and  Albert. 

James  H.  Hazer  was  born  at  Albany,  New 
York,  in  1838.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  acquired 
a  knowledge  of  engineering  at  Troy,  New  York, 
where  he  remained  until  1857,  when  he  went  to 
Hartford,  Connecticut.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in 
the  First  Connecticut  Cavalry,  and  was  with  the 
army  of  the  Potomac  until  1865,  when  he  was 
discharged.  In  1874  he  removed  to  Minneapolis, 
and  took  charge  of  the  Monitor  Plow  Works  en- 
gine four  years ;  then  of  the  Nicollet  House  engine 
until  November,  1879,  since  which  time  he  has 
had  control  of  the  Corliss  engine  at  elevator  "A.'' 
Mr.  Hazer  was  married  to  Miss  Annie  Travis,  of 
Madelia,  Minnesota,  m  1865.  Their  children  are 
Frank  and  Clarence. 

Fred  Ileckrich,  born  in  1843,  is  a  native  of 
Germany.  He  came  to  this  city  in  1867,  and  for 
six  years  was  engaged  as  a  painter.  Since  that 
time  he  has  been  the  proprietor  of  his  present 
restaurant  and  sample  room.  For  several  years 
he  has  been  a  member  of  the  fire  department. 
Mr.  Heckrich  was  married  in  1869,  to  Caroline 
Figge,  who  bore  him  three  children :  Freddie, 
Charles,  and  Mattie. 

Edwm  Hedderly,  deceased,  one  of  the  earliest 
pioneers,  was  born  in  Pliiladelphia,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1814.  He  was  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits 
in  his  native  place  until  1846,  when  he  located  in 


560 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Indianapolis,  Indiana,  and  was  connected  with  ; 
tbe  business  interests  of  tliat  place.  In  1849  he 
came  to  St.  Anthony,  which  at  that  time,  like  St. 
Paul,  was  only  an  Indian  trading  post.  In  1851 
he  took  a  claim  of  one  hundi-ed  and  sixty  acres  ! 
in  what  is  now  known  as  "West  ilinneapolis.  He 
was  connected  witli  the  various  committees  ap- 
pointed for  the  purpose  of  naming  and  laying  out 
the  streets  and  boundaries  of  this  city.  His  first 
business  experience  here  was  in  the  firm  of  Iled- 
derly  and  Chambers,  grocers ;  next  as  Hedderly 
and  Koach,  hardware  dealers  ;  then  as  Hedderly 
and  Vroman,  and  last  as  E.  Hedderly,  druggist, 
in  which  business  he  continued  until  his  deatli 
in  June,  1880.  He  was  prominently  connected 
with  tlie  interests  of  this  locaUty  for  thirtj-one 
years.  He  was  married  to  Mary  J.  Kennard.  of 
Philadelpliia.  Tlieir  living  children  are  :  Ange- 
line  E.,  Emma,  Theresa  J.,  George  AV.,  Edwin 
P.,  Charlotte  C,  Thomas  L.,  Alfred  H.,  Daniel 
G.,  and  Josie  J. 

D.  G.  Hedderly,  son  of  one  of  the  earliest  pio- 
neers of  this  region,  was  bom  in  MumeapoUs, 
March  16th,  1856,  where  he  has  always  lived. 
After  receiving  his  education.  Mr.  Hedderly  was 
employed  by  the  Trades  Manufactming  Company 
as  harness  maker,  imtU  he  became  familiar  with 
the  trade;  afterward,  by  George  Calladine.  In 
1875  he  opened  a  grocery  store,  and  has  since 
been  having  a  fine  ti'ade.  Mr.  Hedderly "s  mar- 
riage witli  Lillian  A.  Foster  was  solemnized  in 
1877.    They  have  one  daughter;  Zetta  V. 

T.  L.  Hedderly  was  born  in  this  city,  April 
2d.  18-52. and  was  a  son  of  the  old  pioneer.  Edwin 
Hedderly.  and  is  one  of  the  first  white  boys  born 
in  tliis  locality.  Mr.  Hedderly  received  his  ed- 
ucation in  Minneapolis,  and  studied  dentistry 
with  Doctor  Bowman,  which  profession  he  has 
practiced  six  years.  He  was  married  in  1875. 
to  !Miss  Jessie  McGregor,  of  Black  River  Falls, 
Wisconsin.  Their  children  are:  Dtmcan,  Boy 
and  Edwin. 

X.  M.  Hedstrom.  boni  in  1843,  is  a  native  of 
Sweden.  He  emigrated  to  America,  in  1869. 
Being  a  miUer.  he  has  been  in  tlie  employ  of  the 
firm  of  Crocker,  Fisk  and  Company,  occupying 
the  position  of  shipper  in  the  Minneapolis  mill 
for  ten  years.  Iilr.  Hedstrom  was  married  in 
1873,  to  Miss  Ellen  Xelson,  who  bore  him  two 
children:  Emilv  and  Charles. 


C.  B.  Heflelflnger  was  born  in  Cumberland 
county,  Pennsylvania.  January  13th,  1834.  He 
came  to  ^Minneapolis,  in  1S57.  where  he  engaged 
in  various  pureuits  until  1861,  when  lie  responded 
to  the  first  call  for  volunteers,  by  enlisting  in  the 
First  Minnesota  Infantry,  Company  D.  He  was 
promoted,  for  gallant  conduct,  to  the  office  of 
second  Ueutenant,  firet  lieutenant  and  captain 
successively.  In  1864  he  was  mustered  out,  but 
in  1865  he  was  tendered  the  commission  of  ma- 
jor of  the  First  Minnesota  Artillery,  by  Governor 
Miller,  which  he  accepted  and  served  as  such 
until  mustered  out  in  October.  1865,  at  Fort 
Snelling.  !Mr.  Heffelfinger  engaged  in  the  boot 
and  shoe  business,  in  1866.  with  Mr.  Walker, 
under  the  name  of  Walker  and  Heffelfinger. 
Four  years  later  he  bought  Mr.  Walker's  interest, 
and  in  1873,  in  company  with  others,  he  organ- 
ized the  North  Star  Boot  and  Shoe  Company, 
and  has  been  its  manager  since  its  organization. 
Mr.  Heffelfinger  was  married,  in  1863,  to  Mary 
E.  Totton.  Their  children  are:  Alfred,  William, 
Frank.  Mary.  Fannie  Charles  and  Annie. 

C.  A.  Heffelfinger  was  born  in  Cumberland 
county.  Pennsvlvania.  March  Sth,  1850.  He  first 
located  permanently  in  Mmneapolis,  in  1866,  en- 
gaging with  the  firm  of  Walker  and  Heffelfinger, 
boot  and  shoe  dealers,  one  of  the  firm.  ^lajor 
Heffelfinger,  being  his  brotlier.  He  succeeded 
the  firm,  in  1874,  as  sole  proprietor  and  has  since 
continued  in  the  same  line  of  business.  He  is 
also  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  Heffelfinger  and 
Kingman,  of  Red  Wing,  Minnesota.  He  was 
married  in  August,  1879,  to  Carrie  B.  King, 
daughter  of  W.  S.  King,  of  this  city. 

Frank  Hefti  was  born  in  Switzerland,  June 
16tli,  1844.  He  was  educated  in  his  native  coun- 
try, in  the  universities  of  Zurich  and  Muenchen; 
he  studied  medicine  five  years  at  these  universi- 
ties, and  graduated  at  '-Kanton  Glarus,"  Switz- 
erland, with  degree  of  "JI.  D.."  in  18S8.  Doctor 
Hefti  came  to  the  United  States  in  1874.  locating 
in  AViseonsin.  where  he  remained  two  years. 
He  then  located  in  Minneapolis,  where  lie  has 
been  in  continuous  practice.  Doctor  Hefti  was 
married  in  1871.  to  Anna  Blumer.  of  Switzerland. 
Their  children  are  Barbara  and  Katie. 

J.  Hefty,  a  native  of  Switzerland,  was  born 
April  28th,  1833.  He  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1853  and  located  in  Illinois.    After  a  few  veal's 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


561 


he  removed  to  Eau  Claire,  Wisconsin,  wliere  he 
remained  until  1868;  then  removed  to  Minneapo- 
lis, and  in  1869  opened  a  gi'ocery  store  in  which 
he  has  since  continued.  lie  was  married  in 
Switzerland,  in  1860,  to  Barbara  Colljy.  They 
have  eight  children:  Emma,  Ella,  Andrew,  Fred, 
Julia,  Nick,  Frank  and  George. 

W.  II.  Ilelfrich  was  born  in  Lehigh  county, 
Pennsylvania,  March  21st,  1848.  He  remained 
with  his  parents  mitil  1864,  when  he  removed  to 
Logansport,  Indiana,  and  engaged  in  milling, 
continuing  there  five  years.  He  then  came  to 
Minneapolis  and  secured  a  situation  with  Tom- 
linson  and  Tiffany,  at  the  Arctic  mill  as  second 
miller.  He  was  engaged  in  the  mills  of  the  city 
a  number  of  years,  when  he  took  the  position  of 
head  miller  in  the  Empire  mill,  January  14th, 
1877,  which  position  he  still  holds.  Mr.  Ilelfrich 
was  married,  May  2.5th,  1877.  to  Miss  Nellie  Legg 
who  bore  him  one  child,  Mabel. 

John  Ileinrich,  of  the  firm  of  Mueller  and 
Ileinrich,  was  born  in  1829.  He  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1853,  locating  at  Galena,  Illinois,  and  en- 
gaged in  the  meat  business  one  and  one-half 
years.  He  removed  to  Prairie  du  Chien,  Wiscon- 
sin, remaining  seven  years  in  market  business 
and  boarding  house.  He  removed  to  Minneapolis 
in  1865,  and  had  control  of  a  meat  market  eight 
years,  going  into  partnership  with  Mr.  Mueller  in 
the  brewery  in  1874.  He  married  Minnie  Bor- 
chert  in  1858.    They  are  parents  of  five  children. 

Frank  E.  Ilesler,  son  of  Alexander  and  Helen 
Hesler,  was  born  at  Galena,  Illinois,  April  3d, 
1851.  In  1854,  moved  with  his  parents  to  Chi- 
cago, Illinois,  where  he  resided  until  1869,  when 
he  removed  to  Evanston,  Illinois.  He  entered 
the  Northwestern  University,  and  in  1872  he 
accepted  a  position  as  division  engineer  on  the 
Prophetstown  extension  of  the  Chicago,  Burling- 
tod  and  Qnincy  Eailway.  In  the  following  year 
he  began  his  journalistic  career  upon  the  repor- 
torial  staff  of  the  Chicago  Post.  December  1st, 
1873,  Mr.  Ilesler  removed  to  Minneapolis,  as  city 
editor  of  the  Evening  Times.  Witli  the  excep- 
tion of  about  two  years  spent  in  travel,  Mr.  Iles- 
ler has  been  engaged  m  journalism  for  the  past 
seven  years.  When  the  Daily  Evening  Journal 
was  re-organized,  he  was  appointed  city  editor, 
and  now  occupies  that  position.    He  was  married 

to  Ada  V.  Keid,  only  daughter  of  Hon.  A.  M. 
36 


Reid,  December  loth,  1874.  In  June,  1851,  Mr. 
Ilesler's  parents  with  their  babe,  visited  St.  An- 
thony, and  held  Frank  under  the  spray  of  the  then 
primitive  falls.  A  bystander  at  the  time,  re- 
marked, "Who  knows  but  that  some  day  this 
may  be  the  site  of  a  great  city,  and  that  this  babe 
may  not  come  here  to  live."  The  prophecy  has 
been  verified. 

-J.  H.  Henderson  was  born  in  Livingston 
county,  New  York,  February  4th,  1829.  He  came 
to  St.  Anthony  in  1852 ;  in  a  few  weeks  he  re- 
moved to  Anoka  and  assisted  in  building  the  first 
dam  across  Rum  river.  He  remained  at  Anoka 
sixteen  years.  In  1861  he  enlisted  and  served  one 
year  in  the  war.  In  1869  he  came  to  Minneapolis 
and  engaged  in  the  grocery  business  ;  also  dealt 
in  lime,  feed  and  cement,  in  which  business  he 
continued  four  years,  then  opened  a  sale  and 
livery  stable  at  his  present  location.  Mr  Hen- 
derson married  Aim  J.  Kurn,  of  Livingston  coun- 
ty. New  York,  in  1855.    They  have  one  child. 

J.  W.  Henion  was  born  at  Plymouth,  Wayne 
county,  Michigan,  April  8th,  1832.  AV^hen  yet  a 
child  he  accompanied  his  parents  to  New  York, 
where  he  remained  until  1854,  when  he  came  to 
Minnesota  and  located  at  Anoka.  When  the  St. 
Paul  and  Pacific  railroad  was  built  through  Ano- 
ka, Mr.  Henion  accepted  the  position  of  station 
agent.  In  1866  he  was  appointed  agent  at  St. 
Antliony,  where  he  served  until  a  station  was 
established  on  the  west  side  when  he  took  charge 
of  it  in  1867  and  held  the  position  of  general  station 
agent  until  .January  1st,  1880.  Mr.  Henion  is  one  of 
the  oldest  station  agents  west  of  Chicago,  having 
held  that  office  continually  for  seventeen  years.  In 
1878  he  was  treasurer  and  one  of  the  directors  of 
the  Street  Railway  company.  Mr.  Henion  was 
married  at  Anoka,  January  1st,  1857,  to  Miss 
Emily  Robbins.     They  have  one  child,  Grace. 

C.  Henry,  foreman  of  Hose  Company  No.  3, 
was  born  in  Washington  county,  Wisconsin, 
in  1845.  He  attended  the  public  schools  until 
I860  when  he  commenced  his  ai)prenticeship  as 
shoemaker.  In  1864  he  enlisted  in  company  I, 
Thirty-seventh  Wisconsin  volunteers,  and  served 
with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  until  he  was  mus- 
tered out  in  1865.  He  soon  settled  in  Wisconsin, 
where  he  followed  his  trade  until  1868,  when  he 
came  farther  west,  locating  in  Minneapolis.  In 
1871  he  was  appointed  on  the  police  force,  serving 


562 


HTSTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


until  1875.  He  was  appointed  as  foreman  of 
Hose  Company  Xo.  3,  at  the  time  of  its  organiza- 
tion in  1873.  In  1866  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Kate  Shuple.  Their  children  are,  John,  Annie, 
Andrew  and  William. 

Kennedy  Henry,  a  native  of  Scotland,  was  born 
at  Ayr,  February,  11  tli,  1S44.  He  apprenticed  as 
miller  in  his  native  town  and  served  six  years. 
He  was  married  to  Hiss  Annie  Boyd,  a  native  of 
Scotland,  in  1866.  and  embarked  for  America  on 
their  wedding  day.  He  located  at  Cliieago,  where 
he  remained  as  a  miller,  three  years,  then  re- 
moved to  Pittsburgh,  Peinisylvania,  remaining 
eight  years.  In  April,  1S7^^,  he  came  to  Minne- 
apolis and  obtained  a  situation  as  second  miller 
in  the  Excelsior  mill  and  has  since  held  the  same 
position.  He  has  had  tliree  children  born  to  him , 
John.  Kennedy  and  Annie. 

C.  E.  Henshaw  M.D.,  was  born  at  Kirtland.Ohio, 
March  20th.  1814.  He  received  his  education  in 
Ohio  and  Kentucky.  He  studied  medicine  and 
graduated  from  the  medical  department  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  New  York.  He  practiced  his  profes- 
sion in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  eight  year.-^,  wlien  he  re- 
moved to  Minneapolis,  in  1880,  and  located  his 
office  at  101  Washington  Avenue  south.  Dr. 
Henshaw  is  the  father  of  one  child.  Emily. 

J.  W.  Ilernhuid.  of  the  firm  of  Malmsten,  Xel- 
son  and  Company,  was  born  in  May,  1855.  and  is 
a  native  of  Sweden.  He  accompanied  his  parents 
to  America,  in  1869.  locating  at  Red  Wing.  Min- 
nesoUi,  where  they  remained  until  1871,  when 
they  removed  to  Minneapolis.  Mr.  Hernlund 
learned  the  machinist's  trade,  after  which  he  at- 
tended Macalester  College,  preparatory  to  a  two 
years'  course  at  the  University  of  Minnesota. 
The  death  of  his  father  compelled  him  to  return 
to  the  pursuit  of  his  trade,  and  in  1879  he  bought 
an  interest  in  the  firm  of  Malmsten  and  Nelson, 
and  has  since  been  a  member  of  that  firm.  Mr. 
Hernlund  was  married  in  this  city,  to  Miss  Clara 
Berguest.  November  12th.  1879. 

Henry  G.  Hicks  is  a  native  of  New  York,  was 
born  at  Varysburgh,  Genesee,  now  Wyoming 
county,  January  16th.  1838.  At  eleven  years  of 
age  he  commenced  to  learn  the  harness  trade  with 
his  father.  At  the  age  of  fifteen,  he  began  teach- 
ing school,  which  occupation  he  was  engaged  in 
until  1861.  At  the  ages  of  fourteen,  fifteen  and 
sixteen  he  worked  on  a  farm.    His  education  was 


secured  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native 
state  and  at  Girard,  Pennsylvania;  also  attended 
three  summers  at  Oberlin.  Ohio,  where  he  entered 
college  in  1860.  In  1855,  he  removed  toFreeport, 
Illinois,  and  in  July,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  Sec- 
ond Illinois  Cavalry,  as  a  private,  in  Company  D; 
was  made  corporal  and  sergeant  of  his  company, 
sergeant  major  and  adjutant  of  his  regiment. 
He  afterwards  sen-ed  as  adjutant  of  the  Seventy- 
first  and  Ninety-third  Illinois  Infantry  Regiments 
until  February.  1864.  Was  with  a  squadron  of 
the  Second  Illinois  Cavalry  at  the  battle  of  Fort 
Donaldson,  and  in  the  Ninety-third  Infantry  at 
Raymond.  Jackson,  Champion  Hills,  the  siege  of 
Vicksburg  and  Missionary  Ridge,  being  severely 
wounded  in  the  face  at  the  latter  place.  In  April, 
1865,  he  removed  to  Minneapolis,  and  has  since 
made  this  his  home.  He  was  married  May  3d, 
1864,  to  Mary  Adelaide,  daughter  of  I.  G.  Beede, 
of  Freeport.  Illinois,  by  whom  he  had  four  chil- 
dren, two  of  whom  are  living,  a  daughter  of 
fifteen,  Minnie  Adelaide,  and  a  son  of  twelve, 
Howard  Henry.  His  first  wife  dying  in  July, 
1870,  he  married  again  November,  1873,  Susan- 
nah R.  Fox,  of  Clarion  county,  Pennsylvania. 
Mr.  Hicks  was  sheriff  of  Hennepin  county  from 
December.  1867,  to  January,  1871;  was  city  justice 
of  Minneapolis  three  years,  1871-'4.  Has  been 
from  1870,  to  the  present  time,  a  member  of  the 
board  of  trustees  for  soldier's  orphans,  and  pres- 
ident of  the  board  for  the  last  seven  years.  Was 
a  member  of  the  house  of  representatives  in 
1878-'9  and  '81.  At  tlie  close  of  his  term  as  city 
justice,  in  1874,  he  commenced  the  study  and  prac- 
tice of  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1875.  He  is  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of 
Cross  and  Hicks. 

Cliarles  Ilierholzer  was  biu-u  in  Germany,  No- 
vember 2d,  1828.  He  acquired  a  knowledge  of 
shoemaking.  m  his  native  country,  and  continued 
in  the  pursuit  of  his  trade  until  1849,  when  he 
emigrated  to  the  United  States,  locating  first  at 
St.  Louis.  The  next  year  he  removed  to  Missis- 
sippi, where  he  remained  one  year,  thence  to 
Louisiana.  Here  he  made  his  home,  until  1855, 
when  he  removed  to  St.  Antliony  and  the  next 
year  opened  a  boot  and  shoe  store,  and  is  proba- 
bly one  of  the  oldest  men  in  the  business,  in  the 
city.  Mr.  Ilierholzer  was  married,  in  1854,  to 
Marguerita  Berger,  of  Germany.     Their  children 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


563 


are:  Ellen,  August,  Mary,  Charles,  Frank  and 
Adolph. 

O.  A.  Hilgermann  is  the  proprietor  of  the  Bos- 
ton furniture  house.  Tliis  house  was  established 
in  September,  1880,  as  a  branch  of  O.  A.  Ililger- 
mann's  establishment  at  Chicago.  The  walnut 
furniture  is  manufactured  by  this  house  and  sold 
<■  on  Chicago  price  list.  Mr.  E.  Bundschuh  has  the 
management  of  the  Minneapolis  house,  which  is 
located  at  405  Washington  Avenue  south. 

F.  C.  Hill  was  born  in  Vermont,  1850.  In  1870 
he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  remained  one  year, 
when  he  returned  to  Vermont,  and  engaged  in  the 
hotel  business  a  few  years,  then  removed  to 
Cambridgeport,  Massachusetts.  In  1876,  he  re- 
turned to  this  city  and  was  employed  by  the 
Street  Railway  Company  two  years,  when  w'ilh 
his  brother,  F.  K.  Hill,  he  opened  the  Chicago 
House. 

F.  K.  Hill,  in  comprny  with  his  brother,  is 
proprietor  of  the  Chicago  House,  of  this  city.  He 
was  born  in  Vermont,  1855.  He  went  to  Boston, 
1873,  where  for  several  years  he  was  in  the  res- 
taurant business.  In  1876,  he  came  to  this  city 
and  was  in  the  employ  of  the  Street  Railway 
Company,  and  since,  in  the  above  named  house, 
with  his  brother.  Married  Mary  Cavanaugh  in 
1878;  they  have  one  child. 

Francis  Hill  was  born  at  Rochester,  New  York, 
September  11th,  1836.  He  learned  milling  with 
his  brother,  Ichabod,  and  has  been  with  him, 
through  the  greater  part  of  his  experience.  Mr. 
Hill  has  been  in  the  employ  of  Mr.  Brackett  one 
year  and  Pillsbury  five  years.  His  marriage  to 
Miss  Julia  Brackett  was  solemnized  March  26th, 
1859.  Their  children  are:  Julia,  Cora,  Mary, 
Clara  and  Lucy. 

Ichabod  P.  Hill,  head  miller  of  Palisade  mill, 
was  bom  at  Westonville,  New  York,  December 
18th,  1831.  He  became  a  miller  at  Rochester, 
New  York,  and  spent  ten  years  in  Rochester  and 
Oswego.  He  came  West  in  1S54.  located  in  St. 
Anthony,  and  worked  in  the  old  ^linnesota  mill, 
being  engaged  m  milling  five  years;  he  then  con- 
ducted the  Nicollet  House  one  year,  when  he 
sold  out  and  removed  to  Belle  Plaine  and  purchas- 
ed the  Belle  Plaine  mills,  which  were  burned  four 
years  later.  In  1873  he  returned  to  this  city  and 
was  engaged  as  stone-dresser,  and  since  1875  has 
been  head  miller.     He  is  probably    the  oldest 


miller  in  the  city.  Mr.  Hill  married  Miss  Agnes 
Bibbins,  June  3d,  1858.  Their  children  are  Lola, 
Ichabod,  Dursean,  Blanche  and  Harvey. 

James  W.  Hill,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire, 
was  born  in  1818.  He  enlisted  as  drummer-boy 
in  the  war,  and  sei-ved  three  years.  He  attended 
the  Newbury  Seminary,  Vermont,  three  years, 
then  removed  to  Manchester,  New  Hampshire, 
for  the  purpose  of  preparing  for  an  apothecary. 
After  traveling  about,  several  years,  he  came  to 
this  city,  and  engaged  in  the  livery  and  sale  stable 
business  in  1874.  Mr.  Hill  married  Elizabeth 
Richardson,  who  bore  him  two  children,  Eliza- 
beth and  Charles. 

L.  D.  Hill  was  born  in  Cumberland  county. 
Maine,  May  19th,  1845.  He  resided  on  a  farm 
until  eighteen  years  of  age,  when  he  enlisted  in 
the  Third  Maine  Battery,  under  Captain  E.  R. 
Mayo.  He  was  with  the  company  until  June, 
1865.  In  August  of  the  same  year,  he  came  to 
Minneapolis  which  has  principally  been  his  home 
since.  He  is  now  engaged  in  dealing  in  second 
hand  goods,  27  Nicollet  Avenue.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1878  to  Julia  E.  Stouart.  Their  children 
are  Charles  and  Willie. 

George  Hineline,  a  native  of  Germany,  was 
born  April  3d,  1830.  He  came  with  his  parents 
to  America,  locating  in  Ohio.  He  removed  in 
1859  to  Minnesota,  and  was  engaged  in  different 
parts  of  the  state  as  a  miller.  In  1866  he  loca- 
ted in  this  city,  and  secured  a  position  as  head 
miller  with  Perkins  and  Crocker;  he  remained 
with  them  four  years.  In  1872,  he  bought  one- 
third  interest  in  the  Holly  mill,  which  he  sold 
five  years  later,  and  purchased  one-thir<l  interest 
in  the  Model  mill,  which  interest  he  now  controls. 
Mr.  Hineline  married  Miss  Rosetta  Stewart,  of 
Ohio.  Their  children  are  Margaretta,  IMary, 
Thomas,  Emma  and  Agnes.  Two  children  have 
died. 

Francis  S.  Ilinkle  was  born  at  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  August  22(1,  1847.  He  came  to  ^Minneapo- 
lis January  1st,  1878.  Mr.  Hinkle  with  his  broth- 
er bought  the  Holly  mill  May  31st,  1878. 

John  Hinton  was  born  at  Birmingham,  Eng- 
land, February  29th,  1832.  He  removed  to  the 
United  States  with  his  parents  in  1845,  who  lo- 
cated at  West  Cambridge,  Massachusetts.  He 
served  apprenticeship  in  England  as  saw  manu- 
facturer.   He  removed  to  St.  Louis  in  1857,  and 


564 


BISTORT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


was  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  saws  until 
ISliT.  when  he  removed  to  Minneapolis,  and  pur- 
sued the  same  business.  lie  volunteered  in  the 
fire  department  in  1868,  and  was  appointed  fore- 
man of  the  steamer  and  hose  company  Xo.  1 ,  in 
1S77.  wliieh  position  he  resigned,  but  remained  a 
member  until  the  organization  of  the  paid  depart- 
ment, in  1879,  when  he  was  appointed  as  first 
pipeman.  and  continued  as  such  until  1880.  when 
he  was  again  appointed  as  foreman  of  the  steamer 
and  hose  company  Xo.  1.  He  was  married  to 
Miss  Sarah  E.  Locke,  of  Jklassachusetts,  Febru- 
ary 28th.  1844.    They  have  two  children. 

J.  H.  Hiscock  was  bom  in  Franklin  county, 
Maine,  in  1851.  He  learned  his  trade  of  cabinet- 
maker ill  Xew  York  city,  where  he  remained 
nearly  five  years.  He  removed  to  Waverly.  Iowa, 
in  May,  1876,  but  soon  after  came  to  Minneapolis 
and  resumed  his  trade,  in  the  employ  of  others, 
until  1879.  The  firm  of  .J.  II.  Hiscock  and  Com- 
pany was  then  formed,  which  has  been  in  the  furni- 
ture manufactiuing  business  since.  Mr.  Hiscock 
was  mamed  in  1876,  to  iliss  Kate  Dagget.  Resi- 
dence 422  University  Avenue  south-east. 

J.  T.  Hobbs  was  bom  in  Xewark.  Xew  Jersev. 
in  1842.  At  eleven  vears  of  age  he  went  to  Wis- 
consin, and  lived  with  an  inicle  three  years,  when 
he  went  into  the  lead  mines  of  La  Fayette  county, 
in  that  state,  and  was  employed  there  twelve 
years.  He  then  removed  to  Eau  Claire,  and 
passed  eight  years  in  lumbering.  He  came  to 
Minneapolis  in  September,  1878.  and  since  that 
time  has  been  engaged  in  millmg,  and  is  now 
shipping  clerk  in  the  Trades  mill.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  August,  1873,  to  Miss  Sarah  J.  Hanes. 

Henry  Hobine  was  bom  April  12th,  1844,  at  St. 
Louis,  Missouri.  He  has  been  engaged  as  a 
mill-wright  for  twelve  years  in  Utah  and  \\'yo- 
ming  territories  and  states  of  Kansas  and  JSIis- 
souri.  In  1872,  he  located  in  Mimieapolis,  and 
has  assisted  in  putting  in  machinen-  in  nearly 
all  the  mills  of  this  city,  erected  since  then.  He 
has  been  in  the  Xorth-western  mill  since  Septem- 
ber, 1879.  In  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  Seven- 
teenth Missouri  Eiflemen,  known  as  the  St.  Louis 
Turnere,  sen-ed  three  and  one-half  years  and 
participated  in  a  number  of  the  principal  con- 
flicts; he  was  discharged  in  December.  I860.  He 
married  iliss  Luretta  Salfell  m  1875.  They  have 
one  child,  John  H. 


E.  J.  Hodges  was  bom  in  Ohio,  in  1848.  He 
enlisted  in  the  Thirty-second  Wisconsin  Yolun- 
teei-s  in  1862.  and  was  discharged  in  .June,  1865. 
He  went  to  Fond  du  Lac  and  worked  in  the  lumber 
mills  until  he  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1875,  since 
which  time  he  has  been  employed  in  the  planing 
mills  of  this  city.  He  has  been  with  the  Union 
mills  as  superintendent  since  January,  1880. 
He  married  Miss  Emma  Martin  in  1869.  They 
have  one  child,  Hattie  A. 

George  Holehouse  is  a  native  of  Lower  Can- 
ada. At  ten  years  of  age  he  accompanied  his 
parents  to  the  United  States,  locating  at  Buffalo, 
Xew  York.  Upon  reaching  manhood,  he  served 
an  apprenticeship  as  machhiist  and  mill-wright. 
He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1862,  engaged  in  the 
pureuit  of  his  trade  several  months,  and  enlisted 
in  August  of  the  same  year,  and  served  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  in  the  Seventh  Minnesota  Itegi- 
ment.  After  his  discharge,  he  removed  to  Red 
Wing  and  remained  six  years,  when  he  went  to 
Iowa.  In  1878,  he  located  in  this  city,  and  has 
been  employed  in  the  platform  mills  much  of  the 
time  since.  He  married  Miss  Louisa  Blakie,  of 
Red  Wing,  in  1867. 

Charles  Holmberg.  a  native  of  Sweden,  was 
bom  in  1849.  He  came  to  America  in  1871,  lo- 
cating at  Fort  Wayne.  Indiana,  where  he  was  em- 
ployed in  a  flouring  mill.  He  removed  to  tins 
city  in  1873,  and  secured  a  situation  in  the  Min- 
neapolis mill  of  Crocker.  Fisk  and  Company, 
since  wliich  time  he  has  remained  with  the  same 
firm  and  now  occupies  the  position  of  stone 
di-esser  and  miller. 

H.  W.  Holmes  was  born  in  Allegheny  City, 
Pennsylvania,  January  4th,  1845.  He  came  to 
Minneapolis  in  1858.  He  engaged  in  steam- 
boating  on  the  Minnesota,  Mississippi  and  Red 
Rivers  until  1877,  with  the  exception  of  five 
years,  during  which  he  was  engaged  with  the 
Xorth-weslem  Union  Packet  Company  on  the 
Chippewa  river  one  year,  and  in  the  milling 
business  at  AVabasha,  three  years.  In  1877, 
he  engaged  in  milling  in  this  city,  in  which 
lie  has  since  continued.  He  maiTied  Miss  Fran- 
ces E.  Rollins.  February  Sth.  1869.  Two  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  them,  Payton  E.  and 
Agnes. 

Charles  Evans  Holt  was  born  at  Clinton,  Mas- 
sachusetts.   When  eight  years  of  age  he  moved 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


565 


with  his  parents  to  Cleveland,  where  his  father 
still  resides.  Here  he  received  his  education, 
and  at  sixteen  years  of  age,  he  enlisted  in  the 
Sixth  Ohio  Cavalry,  in  whicli  he  served  three 
years,  engaging  in  the  battles  of  Cross  Keys,  Cul- 
pepper Court  House,  and  numerous  others.  He 
was  honorably  discliarged,  at  the  hospital,  at 
City  Point,  Virginia,  at  that  time  and  for  many 
months  after,  being  mider  the  physician's  care. 
He  returned  home  in  1865,  then  removed  to  Bos- 
ton, where  he  was  assistant  superintendent  and 
foreman  of  the  iron  works  of  George  T.  Mc- 
Lauthlin  and  Company.  In  1875  he  came  to  this 
city  and  was  employed  as  head  book-keeper  for 
O.  A  Pray,  and  in  1878  became  one  of  the  pres- 
ent firm  of  O.  A.  Pray  and  Company.  While  in 
Cleveland  he  was  in  the  firm  of  Holt,  Kuple  and 
Company,  machinists,  also  firm  of  D.  Holt  and 
Son.  He  was  active  in  organizing  the  Young 
People's  Christian  Association,  of  (Ueveland, 
and  A'as  first  secretary,  then  president  of  the 
same.  He  is  a  director  of  the  AVidows  and  Or- 
phans' Protective  (Life)  Association  of  Minne- 
sota, and  honorary  vice-president,  for  Minnesota, 
of  the  United  States  Mutual  Accident  Associ- 
ation of  New  York  and  Chicago.  His  union 
with  Miss  Rebecca  E.  Slierman,  occuned  at  Lo- 
well, Massachusetts,  May  6th,  1867,  They  have 
four  daughters:  Alice,  Agnes,  Sophie,  and  Lucy. 
Their  two  sons  are  deceased. 

E.  E.  Holt  was  bom  at  Lebanon.  Connecticut, 
November,  1823.  He  went  to  New  York  city  in 
1837,  and  for  twelve  years  occupied  tlie  position 
of  book-keeper  tor  J.  W.  and  J.  Morgan,  coal 
dealers;  he  was  also  engaged  by  J.  Odell,  servuig 
in  the  same  capacity  two  years.  He  removed  to 
Oswego  county.  New  York,  where  he  opened  a 
general  produce  store;  thence  to  Beaver  Dam, 
Wisconsin,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the  drug 
business  twelve  years.  In  1 867  he  removed  to  this 
city  and  under  the  firm  name  of  Treat,  Holt  and 
Company,  began  dealing  in  furniture,  and  at  the 
end  of  one  year  closed  out,  and  was  employed  by 
the  Elevator  Company,  where  he  has  since  re- 
mained. He  was  married  to  Miss  Anna  Tilley 
of  New  Jersey,  in  1843.  Children:  Carrie  W., 
now  wife  of  George  H.  Eastman;  ]SIinnie  Y., 
wife  of  r.  B.  Felt;  and  Hudson  K.  who  died  at 
tlie  age  of  eight  years. 

Henry  Honkomp,  proprietor  of  the  Mmneap- 


olis  Cotton  Mill,  came  to  this  city  in  January, 
1877,  from  Chicago,  and  has  Ijeen  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  seamless  bags,  carpet  warp,  etc. 
since  his  locating  at  the  foot  of  Sixth  Avenue 
south. 

Frank  Hopper  was  born  at  Oswego,  New  York, 
May  29th,  1853.  He  came  to  McLeod  county, 
Minnesota,  in  1857,  where  he  remained  two  years, 
removing  thence  to  Chippewa  Falls,  Wisconsin. 
Two  years  later  lie  went  to  Wavtrly  and  rented 
a  mill  which  he  had  in  control  eight  months, 
when  he  again  changed  his  location  to  Le  Sueur 
and  worked  in  different  mills  until  1876.  He  lo- 
cated in  Minjieapolis  in  the  spring  of  1878,  and 
has  since  been  employed  at  the  Anchor  mill.  He 
was  married  June  3d,  1878,  to  Miss  Estella 
Chance,  who  bore  him  one  child,  Albert. 

Frank  J.  Horan,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  born 
in  Galway,  March,  1847.  He  came  to  this  coun- 
try in  1866,  and  remained  in  New  York  city  three 
years,  then  came  to  Minneapolis,  and  has  since 
been  engaged  in  business  as  merchant  tailor.  He 
began  business  with  very  small  capital,  but  by 
perseverance  and  hard  work  lie  has  risen  and  now 
has  an  extensive  business,  employing  thirty  per- 
sons. Iilr.  Iloraii  was  married  in  1878,  to  Maggie 
Mahoney. 

Mrs.  J.  W.  Horan  is  proprietress  of  the  Milwau- 
kee House,  situated  at  112  Second  street  south. 
This  house  was  built  by  Mr.  J.  W.  Horan,  in  1867, 
who  was  its  proprietor  until  November  6th,  1874, 
when  he  died.  His  widow  has  since  taken  charge 
of  the  house,  which  has  seventeen  rooms,  with 
office,  parlor,  dining-room  and  kitchen  on  first 
floor. 

W.  H.  Ilorner  was  bom  in  Washington  county. 
Indiana,  February  28th,  1848.  He  accompanied 
his  parents  to  Scott  county,  Minnesota,  in  1854, 
and  remained  witli  them,  on  the  farm,  until  he 
reached  manhood.  In  1868  he  removed  to  North- 
field  and  learned  milling,  remaining  one  and  one- 
half  years,  when  he  went  to  Marsluill,  Lyon 
county,  and  took  a  claim,  on  whicli  he  lived  two 
years.  He  then  £ame  to  Minneapolis  in  Septem- 
ber, 1873,  and  engaged  with  C.  A.  Pillsbury,  where 
he  remained  three  years,  then  went  to  Chippewa 
Falls,  Wisconsin,  returning  the  next  year  and 
again  was  employed  by  Pillsbury  as  packer.  He 
was  married  to  Miss  Dora  La  Eoy  in  August, 
1876.    Their  children  are  William  B.  and  Bessie. 


566 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


J.  W.  Horton,  a  native  of  England,  was  born 
March  23d,  1842.  He  came  to  the  I'nited  States 
in  1850,  locating  at  Minnetonka,  Minnesota.  He 
farmed  nntil  18G1 .  when  he  enlisted  in  the  United 
St<ites  Sharp  Sliooters,  serving  two  and  one-half 
years.  After  his  discharge  he  located  at  Colum- 
bus. Ohio,  remaining  three  years.  In  1867,  he 
came  to  this  city,  and  practiced  as  a  veterinary 
sm-geon.  From  July,  1875,  until  August,  1880, 
he  was  driver  of  hose  carriage  No.  2.  He  was 
married  April  17th,  1871,  to  Miss  Julia  A.  Hoy. 
Their  only  child  living  is  Frankie. 

O.  Ilovelson  was  born  February  23d.  1837,  and 
is  a  native  of  Norway.  He  there  passed  his 
youth  and  learned  his  trade,  that  of  shoe- 
maker. He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1868, 
working  at  his  trade  in  ilenomonee,  Wisconsin, 
and  other  places  until  1873,  when  he  came  to  Min- 
neapolis and  after  being  employed  by  boot  and 
shoe  firms  five  years,  he  opened  a  store  of  his  own 
and  has  continued  in  the  same  place  since.  He 
was  married  in  1868,  to  Carrie  Hanson  of  Norway. 
They  have  four  children.  Oluf.  Hannah,  Hilda, 
and  Bernhard. 

E.  P.  Howell  was  born  in  Allegheny  county, 
Pennsylvania.  November  8th.  1839,  where  he  re- 
sided until  1867.  He  then  removed  to  Minneapo- 
lis and  first  engaged  with  "Walker  and  HefCel- 
fliiger.  boot  and  shoe  dealers,  in  whose  employ  he 
remained  until  1873,  when  he  became  one  of  the 
firm  of  Heffelfinger,  Howell  and  Company,  at 
Eed  "Wing,  and  resided  there  five  years,  when  he 
sold  his  interest  to  Mr.  Kingman  and  opened  an 
establishment  at  his  present  location,  119  Nicollet 
Avenue.  He  is  doing  a  fine  business,  employhig 
six  men  in  the  custom  department. 

Michael  Hoy,  special  city  detective,  was  born 
near  Phillipstown,  Ireland.  He  came  with  his 
parents  to  America,  in  March,  1853.  He  was  first 
employed  as  a  stone  cutter  in  New  York,  then 
came  west,  locating  at  St.  Anthony  in  1857,  and 
labored  on  the  stone  work  of  the  State  Universi- 
tj'.  He  continued  at  his  ti-ade  until  the  fall  of 
1859,  when  he  went  to  Louisiana  as  foreman  on 
the  levees  of  the  Mississippi  river.  The  next  year 
he  returned  to  St.  Anthony  and  took  the  contract 
for  building  the  East  Side  Irish  Catholic  Church. 
He  enlisted  in  the  Tenth  Minnesota  ^'olun- 
teers  and  was  commissioned  second  lieutenant  by 
Governor  Eamsey.    He  went  with  Sibley's  expe- 


dition across  the  plains  in  1863,  and  during  the 
trip  encountered  the  Sioux  Indians  at  different 
places.  At  the  battle  of  Nashville,  December 
15th  and  16th,  1864,  where  he  was  in  command 
of  company  "K,"  he  was  wounded  and  was 
honorably  discharged  April,  1865,  on  account  of 
his  wounds.  He  returned  to  his  home  and  in 
1867  was  elected  city  marshal  of  St.  Anthony, 
serving  seven  years,  until  the  consolidation  of  the 
two  cities,  since  which  he  has  been  a  member  of 
the  police  force,  serving  as  captain  and  chief.  At 
present  he  is  the  city  detective,  which  office  was 
created  for  him  by  the  council.  He  was  married 
in  October,  1860,  to  Miss  Catherine  Qualy,  at  St. 
Anthony.  They  have  had  twelve  children,  seven 
of  whom  are  living. 

"WiUiam  Hoy,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  born 
June  25th,  1835.  He  lived  in  his  native  place 
until  fifteen  years  of  age.  In  1850  he  came  to 
America,  locating  at  Brooklyn,  where  he  resided 
two  years,  engaged  in  marble-cutting.  He  then 
removed  to  Otsego,  New  York,  where  he  remained 
three  years.  In  18.55  he  came  to  Minnesota,  lo- 
cating at  St.  Anthony,  and  teamed  from  that  city 
to  Little  Falls  with  supplies.  Three  years  later 
he  was  employed  as  assistant  wagon-master  by 
the  government,  on  the  Spirit  Lake  expedition 
j  against  the  Indians.  In  1862  he  joined  the  Tenth 
'  Minnesota,  serving  under  General  Sibley  against 
the  Indians,  at  Mankato.  Two  years  after,  he 
began  the  house-moving  business,  in  which  he 
has  continued.  He  was  married  August  26th, 
1859,  to  Mrs.  Mary  Kelly,  a  native  of  Ireland,  by 
whom  he  has  nine  children :  John,  Kosanna, 
Willie,  Agnes,  Joseph,  Thomas,  Edward,  George, 
and  Christopher. 

II.  J.  Hughes  is  a  native  of  Wales,  and  was 
born  in  1846.  He  came  to  America,  locating  in 
Columbia  county,  Wisconsin,  where  he  remained 
seven  years,  then  removed  to  Blue  Earth  county, 
MiiHiesota.  He  came  to  this  city  in  the  fall  of 
1873,  and  worked  in  Symes"  barrel  factory  for  two 
years  and  has  since  then  been  in  the  coopering 
business.  Since  June,  1878,  he  has  been  with  the 
Co-operative  Barrel  Company.  He  was  married 
in  1878,  to  Jiliss  Anna  McCormick,  They  reside 
at  1225  Ninth  street  south, 

Thomas  S.  Hughes  was  born  in  Tipperary, 
Ireland,  in  1829.  His  father  died  when  he 
was  eight  years  of  age,  when  he,  ^ith  his  moth- 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


567 


er  and  three  sisters,  went  to  Liverpool,  Eng- 
land, there  serving  an  apprenticeship  of  five  years 
as  stone-mason  and  brirli-layer.  In  1852  he  was 
married,  and  with  wife  and  mother  came  to 
America,  locating  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He 
worked  at  his  trade  five  years,  four  of  which 
were  in  the  employ  of  tlie  Little  Miami  Railroad 
Company.  In  1857,  he  removed  to  Faribault, 
Minnesota,  thence  to  Hastings,  and  after  making 
the  latter  place  his  liome  seven  years,  removed  to 
Le  Sueur  county,  on  a  farm.  He  came  to  Minne- 
apolis in  1866,  and  has  since  resided  here,  engag- 
ing in  the  pursuit  of  his  trade,  under  the  direction 
of  George  McMullin.  Mr.  Huglies  was  married 
in  1852  to  Miss  Sarah  Jones,  wlio  has  borne  him 
five  children:  Susan  S.,  Edmond  S.,  Katie  E.  S., 
Elizabeth  S.,  and  Thomas  S.,  Jr. 

James  Hull  was  born  December  15th,  1836.  and 
is  a  native  of  Nova  Scotia.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  in  April,  1854.  He  worked  at  ship- 
building for  thirteen  years  at  Boston,  New  York, 
Philadelphia,  and  Wilmington,  Delaware.  He 
next  was  employed  in  building  sleeping  coaches 
for  the  Jackson  and  Sharp  Car  Company,  remain- 
ing with  them  three  years,  when  he  went  to  Du- 
luth,  and  was  in  the  employ  of  the  railroad  com- 
pany, building  a  depot  and  elevator.  He  remained 
one  year,  then  came  to  Minneapolis,  engaged  as  a 
mill-wright,  in  the  different  mills  of  the  city. 
After  the  explosion,  Messrs.  Hull  and  Parker  re- 
built the  Pillsbiiry,  Anchor  and  Empire  mills, 
also  the  new  elevator,  in  1879,  in  company  witli 
L.  C.  Bisbee.  He  married  Miss  Jennie  M.  Brown, 
in  1868.  They  have  two  children  living:  Harry 
A.  and  Meta. 

H.  II.  Humphrey  was  born  in  Lorain  county, 
Ohio,  September  16th,  1844.  He  came  to  Minne- 
sota in  1854,  and  engaged  in  farming  in  Rice 
county;  thence  to  this  city  in  1870,  and  has  since 
made  tliis  his  home.  He  was  in  the  employ  of 
Mr.  Bidwell  until  he  entered  into  partnership  with 
Daggett  and  Bidwell.  He  was  married  in  Au- 
gust, 1864,  to  Miss  Rosie  Bidwell. 

B.  Hunt  was  born  at  Baden,  Germany,  June 
7th,  1834.  He  came  to  the  United  States,  in 
1854,  locating  at  Lansing,  Iowa,  and  engaged  in 
milling  until  1866,  when  he  came  to  this  city. 
Here  he  engaged  In  milling  one  year,  when  he 
was  appointed  on  the  police  force,  where  he  served 
until  1878,  except  two  years  on  account  of  sick- 


ness. On  retiring  from  the  force,  he  removed  to 
Oregon,  and  once  more  engaged  as  a  miller,  and 
as  such,  remained  until  August,  1880,  wlien 
he  returned  to  this  city  and  became  the  proprie- 
tor of  the  Hennepin  Honse,214  First  street  north. 
He  was  married  to  Margaret  Hirt  in  1860.  They 
have  tliree  cliildren  living,  Peter  B.,  Kate,  and 
Bernard  X.  Mr.  Hunt  also  owns  tlie  building  on 
Plymouth  Avenue,  occupied  as  the  Bethany 
Home,  which  he  erected  in  1868. 

Samuel  Hunter  was  born  in  Glasgow.  Scotland. 
He  came  to  tlie  United  States  in  1852.  located  at 
Providence,  Rhode  Island,  where  lie  learned  the 
trade  of  plumber  and  gasfltter.  Five  years  later 
he  removed  to  Chicago,  thence  to  St.  Louis,  in 
1850,  where  he  resided  until  the  first  call  for  vol- 
unteers, when  he  enlisted  in  the  Tliird  Missouri 
Infantry.  At  the  expiration  of  five  months,  he 
entered  the  United  States  Navy,  and  was  attached 
to  the  navy  yards  at  Cairo  and  Mound  City,  Illi- 
nois, until  the  close  of  hostilities.  He  came  from 
St.  Louis  to  this  city  in  1867;  he  returned  three 
years  later  to  St.  Louis,  wliere  he  remained  three 
years,  then  came  to  this  city  and  located.  He 
was  the  first  plumber  here,  and  at  that  time  were 
neither  gas  nor  water-works.  He  was  married  in 
1861,  to  Miss  Rose  Burns,  of  St.  Louis.  They 
are  parents  of  four  children  living,  Andrew  W., 
Jessie,  John  B.,  and  Samuel. 

George  H.  Huntington  was  born  in  Green  Lake 
county,  Wisconsin,  in  1848.  He  attended  the 
district  schools  until  1864,  when  he  came  west 
with  his  parents,  locating  in  Dodge  county,  Min- 
nesota. For  five  years  he  attended  the  North- 
western College,  and  taught  school,  when  he  came 
to  Minneapolis,  engaged  in  the  ice  business  with 
Roberts  and  Lum.  In  the  fall  of  the  same  year, 
he  was  employed  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and 
St.  Paul  Railroad  as  brakeman;  he  served  in  diff- 
erent positions  in  railroading,  and  was  also  in  the 
coopering  business  until  1878,  when  he  opened 
and  conducted  the  Bushnell  House  on  Fourth 
street,  Minneapolis.  In  May,  1880,  he  was  ap- 
pointed on  the  police  force,  and  is  yet  serving. 
He  was  married  in  1878,  to  Miss  Sarah  Erickson, 
of  North  Branch,  Minnesota. 

James  Huntington  was  born  in  Canada  East, 
May  29th,  1818.  He  came  to  Dodge  county,  Min- 
nesota, in   1864.     While  there  built  a  fiouring 


568 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


mill,  of  which  he  t\as  proprietor  three  years. 
In  1869  he  bought  the  Buslmell  House  in  this 
city,  of  which  he  was  proprietor  until  1876  ;  he 
then  removed  to  Hinckley,  Minnesota,  but  re- 
turned to  this  city  two  years  later.  He 
then  rented  the  Sixth  Avenue  House,  where  he 
has  since  been.  He  was  married  in  1846,  at 
Lowell,  Massachusetts,  to  Jliss  Rachel  C.  Bur- 
bank,  a  native  of  A'ermont.  Their  children  are: 
George  H..  James  H.,  Abbie  H.,  and  Alice  H.  C. 

James  F.  Huston,  a  native  of  New  Brunswick, 
was  born  May  11th,  1830.  He  came  to  Minne- 
apolis in  1865  and  for  four  years  had  charge  of 
the  Monitor  Plow  Works.  In  1S70  he  formed 
partnership  with  Mr.  McCrimmon,  with  the  firm 
name  of  Huston  and  McCrimmon,  wliich  was  dis- 
solved in  one  year.  He  pursued  his  calling  initil 
1874  in  this  city,  when  he  removed  to  Eagle  Har- 
bor, Michigan,  where  for  three  years  he  was  in 
the  employ  of  the  government  making  improve- 
ments in  the  harbor.  In  June,  1879,  he  returned 
to  this  city  and  has  since  been  in  the  pursuit  of 
his  trade.  He  married  Miss  Anna  Hannes,  in 
1869.  They  have  five  children  livmg:  Nicholas, 
Mary  J.,  Anna,  Sarah  and  James. 

E.  A.  Hutchins,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Vermont, 
November  14th,  1838.  His  education  was  secured 
at  different  schools  and  Fort  Edward  Institute, 
New  York ;  he  studied  at  Plattsburg,  Burlington, 
Vermont,  and  at  Berkshire  JSIedical  College,  at 
Pittsfield,  ^Massachusetts.  He  practiced  in  St. 
Lawrence  coimty.  New  York,  until  tlie  spring  of 
1878,  when  he  came  to  this  city  and  is  now  per- 
manently located  here.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
St.  Lawrence  County  Medical  Association  and  is 
now  a  member  of  the  State  ^Medical  Society.  He 
w'as  married  in  1863 ;  his  wife  died  leaving  one 
daughter,  Jennie  C.  In  1867  he  re-married  and 
has  one  daughter  by  his  second  wife,  Gabrielle  E. 

George  E.  Iluy  was  born  in  Steuben  county, 
New  York,  in  1819.  He  remained  at  the  old 
homestead  until  1851,  when  he  came  west,  locat- 
ing at  Long  Prairie,  Minnesota,  in  1852,  and  the 
next  year  removed  to  iSIinneapolis  and  engaged 
in  lumbering ;  it  was  he  who  sawed  the  first  lum- 
l)er  on  the  west  side.  In  1854  he  was  elected 
register  of  deeds  and  also  served  as  superbitend- 
ent  of  the  Minneapolis  Mill  Company  imtil  1857. 
He  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace  in  1858,  and 
about  that  time  built  and  had  charge  of  a  planmg 


mill  in  company  with  R.  P.  Russell,  on  the  site  of 
tlie  present  Model  mill.  In  1861  be  built  the 
Dakotii  tlouring  mill  and  took  as  partner  O.  B. 
King ;  in  1866  Mr.  Huy  became  sole  owner  and 
eight  years  after,  sold  to  S.  S.  Brown  and  com- 
pany. On  account  of  failing  health  he  went  to 
the  Black  Hills,  where  he  engaged  in  mining. 
He  married  Miss  Mary  Ticknor,  who  died  a  few 
years  after,  leaving  one  daughter,  Mary  E.  He 
was  again  married,  to  Miss  Caroline  Taylor,  who 
bore  him  five  sons,  aU  residents  of  this  city: 
George  L.,  Frank,  Albert,  Arthur  and  Douglass. 

L.  Mell  Hyde  was  born  at  Almond,  New  York, 
in  1824.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1857,  and 
published  the  Minnesota  Beacon,  a  temperance 
paper,  and  afterwards  the  Rural  ^Minnesotian, 
which  was  devoted  to  agriculture,  also  to  the 
temperance  work.  In  the  years  of  1858,'  59,  and 
'60,  he  held  the  position  of  Grand  Secretary  of 
tlie  Good  Templars,  and  was  again  elected  as 
such  in  1880.  His  profession  was  tliat  of  house 
painting  and  wood  engraving  in  which  he  con- 
tinued eight  years,  then  engaged  in  wood  engrav- 
ing only,  at  222,  Hennepui  Avenue.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Annie  H.  Goodrich  in  1860.  They 
are  parents  of  two  children:  William  L.  and 
Grace  F. 

Valentine  G.  llush  was  born  in  Licking 
county,  Ohio,  in  1842.  In  1867,  he  took  the  ad- 
vice offered  to  young  men  by  Horace  Greely,  and 
came  west,  locating  in  Minneapolis.  For  two 
years  he  was  engaged  as  clerk,  and  during  that 
time  was  married  to  Florence  M.,  daughter  of 
Jiulge  W.  W.  Woods,  of  Marysville,  Ohio.  In 
1869,  he,  in  company  with  three  other  gentlemen, 
started  the  City  Bank,  and  three  years  later,  he 
establislied  V.  G.  Hush's  Bank,  in  which  he  has 
since  continued.  Mr.  Hush  has  been  connected 
\\ith  banking  since  boyhood,  having  never  been 
engaged  in  any  other  business.  The  names  of 
his  cliildren  are:  Estelle  Woods,  Harriet  Louise, 
Jane  Mary,  Florence  Belle,  and  William  Woods. 

John  Corrin  Hutchinson  was  born  on  the  Isle 
of  Man,  England,  May  11th,  1840.  He  emigra- 
ted to  America  with  his  mother  in  1867.  He 
first  worked  on  a  farm  near  Red  Wing  for  two 
years,  then  taught  in  a  district  school  for  one 
year.  Mr.  Hutchinson  then  entered  the  Uni- 
versity in  1870,  and  by  his  energy  and  persever- 
ance, working  at  whatever  he  could  get  to  do, 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


569 


pushed  his  way  througli  the  institution,  taking  a 
complete  classical  course,  and  graduating  in  1876. 
During  the  junior  year  he  taught  in  the  St.  Paul 
high  school.  After  graduating  lie  was  employed 
as  instructor  of  Greek  and  Latin  in  the  Univers- 
ity. In  1880  Mr.  Hutchinson  was  appointed  as- 
sistant professor  of  Greek,  which  position  he  now 
occupies.  He  was  raarded  in  1876,  to  Miss  L.  D. 
Hinckley,  daughter  of  J.  B.  Hinckley,  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers  in  Minneapolis.  They  have 
three  cliildren,  Effie  II.,  Drusilla  and  Ruth. 

Rev.  Dr.  Henry  Iliowizi  was  born  ui  Russia, 
January,  1851,  w-here  he  attended  school  until 
sixteen  years  of  age,  pursuing  rabbinical  studies. 
He  then  left  for  Germany,  spending  two  years 
under  the  auspices  of  Dr.  Baerwald;  thence  to 
the  Jewish  seminary  in  Berlin,  under  tlie  care  of 
the  celebrated  Honviz,  remaining  with  him  for 
three  years ;  from  there  to  the  theological  semi- 
nary at  Breslau,  for  over  one  year.  Was  then 
called  to  London  by  the  Anglo-Jewish  Associa- 
tion, to  acquire  a  knowledge  of  the  English  lan- 
guage and  popular  science,  for  the  purpose  of  vis- 
iting the  East  as  a  teacher  and  director  of  a 
school.  From  London  he  was  sent  to  Paris,  for 
the  pm-pose  of  learning  the  French  language,  at 
the  same  time  studying  Spanish.  After  remain- 
ing in  Paris  fifteen  months,  he  proceeded  to  Af- 
rica, for  the  purpose  of  managing  a  school  for 
children  at  Tetuan,  remaining  there  for  seventeen 
months,  battling  with  the  cholera,  famine,  and 
the  barbarisms  of  the  uncivilized  natives,  whose 
great  or  chief  mark  of  honor  was  to  kill  an  infi- 
del, for  such  they  called  all  who  came  to  civilize 
them.  From  that  point  he  crossed  to  Gibralter, 
remaining  there  for  one  year,  instructing  the 
youth,  preaching  in  the  synagogue,  and  giving 
lectures.  From  there  he  proceeded  to  America, 
landing  in  New  York,  July  20th,  ISso,  remaining 
in  the  city  for  a  few  days,  tlien  going  to  Harris- 
sonburgh,Virginia,to  ofliciate  during  the  holidays. 
So  satisfactory  were  his  labors  that  they  invited 
him  to  become  their  resident  pastor ;  but  a  differ- 
ence arising  upon  the  day  of  worship,  which  was 
not  in  keeping  with  the  Jewish  Sabbath,  he,  in  a 
scholarly  letter,  clothed  in  kind  and  courte- 
ous language,  declined  the  offer,  and  left  for  Chi- 
cago, Illinois,  where  he  preached  one  sermon, 
to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  congregation  ;  but 
the  Portuguese  pronunciation  which  he  gave  them 


did  not  agree  with  their  German  pronunciation. 
Bidding  them  good-bye,  he  left  for  Cincinnati, 
spending  two  or  three  weeks  with  Rev.  Dr.  J.  M. 
Wise,  who  advised  him  of  the  necessity  of  the 
Hebrew  Reformed  congregation  of  ilinneapolis, 
to  which  place  he  immediately  came,  and  received 
a  unanimous  call,  which  he  accepted,  and  is  now 
in  full  charge,  very  much  to  the  satisfaction  of 
all. 

B.  F.  Inks,  a  native  of  Brandonville,  Preston 
county.  West  Virginia,  was  l)orn  July  7th,  1855, 
and  in  November,  1857.  accompanied  his  father 
to  Minneapolis.  With  the  exception  of  two 
years  in  the  grocery  store  of  Bradley  and  Branch, 
Mr.  Inks  has  always  worked  at  carpentering,  be- 
ing employed  by  other  parties  until  November, 
1880,  when  the  firm  of  Stranahan  and  Inks,  con- 
tractors and  builders,  was  formed. 

C.  H.  Ireland  was  born  June  19th,  1836,  at 
Dexter,  Maine,  and  came  to  this  city  in  1876. 
Mr.  Ireland  is  an  old  hotel  man,  havinj  had  sev- 
eral years  experience  in  the  business  while  in 
Maine.  In  1880  he  rented  the  Fewer  House  at 
215  Second  street  south;  it  is  of  brick,  and  three 
stories  high.  Mr.  Ireland  keeps  a  strictly  tem- 
perance house.  Ilis  marriage  with  Sarah  Lang- 
don,  of  Hyde  Park,  Massachusetts,  took  place 
June  1st,  1870.  In  June,  1874,  she  died,  leaving 
one  child,  Clarence  (J. 

C.  Jacobson,  a  native  of  Norway,  was  born 
August  9th,  1835.  He  emigrated  to  the  United 
States  in  November,  1868,  and  first  settled  at  Red 
Wing,  Minnesota.  In  1869  he  removed  to  this 
city,  and  worked  at  various  lines  of  business  un- 
til July,  1878,  when  he  embarked  ui  the  grocery 
trade;  he  owns  the  jiroperty  where  he  is  now  lo- 
cated, at  1314  Fourth  street  south,  and  is  doing  a 
prosperous  business.  In  January,  1862,  he  mar- 
ried Sigrid  Engebretsen.  They  have  five  living 
children:  John,  Laura,  "Wolborg,  Charlotte  and 
Jacob. 

George  G.  Jacoby  was  born  in  1838,  in  Germa- 
ny. He  moved  to  New  York  in  1859,  remained 
two  years,  and  in  1861  enlisted  in  the  Fourteenth 
New  York  volunteer  militia,  the  first  regiment 
that  enlisted  to  serve  through  the  war,  served 
one  year,  and  was  discharged  for  disability.  He 
located  in  West  A^irginia,  and  transacted  a  gen- 
eral merchandise  business  until  1865,  when  he  re- 
turned to  New  York;  after  a  thi-ee  years'  resi- 


570 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


dence  there,  he  went  to  Philadelphia,  where  for 
nine  years  he  was  in  the  wholesale  liciuor  trade. 
In  1877  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and  after  abont 
two  years'  experience  in  the  clothing  and  mer- 
chant tailoring  business,  returned  to  the  wholesale 
licpior  trade.  He  was  married  April  18th,  1868, 
to  Fannie  Miliols. 

AV.  H.  Jacoby,  photograph  artist,  was  born  at 
Massillon,  Ohio,  May  24th,  1841.  Since  the  early 
age  of  fourteen  he  has  studied  the  art,  and  now 
stands  in  the  front  rank  of  photographers.  In 
1861  he  opened  a  gallery  at  Dayton,  Ohio,  from 
there  he  went  to  Springfield,  thence  to  Xenia 
and  in  1866  removed  to  this  city.  He  commenced 
business  here  at  the  corner  of  Bridge  square  and 
Second  street,  and  about  five  years  after,  built 
his  present  studio  at  2.52  Nicollet  Avenue.  In 
September,  1860,  he  mairied  Louisa  Stafford. 
They  have  one  child,  Charles  L. 

Matthew  Jarvie,  a  native  of  Scotland,  was 
born  December  18th,  1827.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1855,  and  settled  in  Berkshire 
county,  Massachusetts,  where  he  worked  at  the 
woolen  manufacturing  business;  he  moved  from 
that  county  in  1857,  and  continued  the  same  pur- 
suit at  various  places.  In  1871  he  came  here 
and  was  at  once  engaged  as  superintendent  of  the 
weaving  department  of  the  Xorth  Star  Woolen 
Mills.  This  position  he  resigned  in  1873,  and 
entered  the  grocery  trade  in  which  he  is  meeting 
with  success:  he  owns  the  property  where  he  is 
now  located,  No.  1329,  Fourth  street  south. 
His  wife  was  Miss  M.  Jarvie,  whom  he  married 
in  18.55. 

Thomas  Jeffery,  a  native  of  England,  was  born 
September  16th,  1845,  in  Derbyshire.  In 
October,  1865,  he  came  to  the  United  States 
and  lived  in  New  York  city  until  1875,  when  he 
removed  to  Minneapolis  and  started  in  the  carpet 
business;  first  alone,  then  as  Kenyon  and  Jeffery, 
and  now  tlie  firm  name  is  T.  Jeffery  and  Com- 
pany. Their  place  of  business  is  No.  225  Nicol- 
let Avenue.  He  was  married  in  1869,  to  Miss 
M.  B.  Hague  of  England;  the  fruits  of  this  union 
were  four  cliildren,  only  one  of  whom  survives: 
John  Arthur,  aged  seven  years. 

G.  A.  Jenks,  born  at  'Watertown,  Jefferson 
county,  New  York,  in  1826.  He  removed  to 
AVorcester,  Massachusetts,  in  1846,  and  was  em- 
ployed in  the  manufacture  of  machinery,  with 


L.  and  A.  G.  Coes;  after  about  two  years  he  was 
given  the  general  management  of  the  financial 
department;  he  was  with  this  firm  ten  years. 
In  1856  he  went  to  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  and  ac- 
cepted a  similar  position  in  the  wholesale  diy 
goods  establisliment  of  Pittman  Brothers.  In 
1860  he  came  to  Minnesota,  and  in  1862  was  ap- 
pointed reimblicau  commissioner  to  go  into  the 
army  and  take  the  vote  of  soldiers;  and  in  1865 
was  at  Prairie  du  Chien,  in  the  quartermaster's 
department.  He  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
barrels,  for  a  time,  at  Excelsior,  and  in  1872, 
came  to  Minneapolis;  he  worked  for  different 
firms  until  September  1st,  1878,  since  which  time 
he  has  been  employed  by  Eraser  and  Shepherd  as 
general  book-keeper.  In  1846  he  married  Pam- 
elia  Lockwood.  They  have  one  child:  Arthur, 
who  is  now  assistant  train  dispatcher  for  the 
Minneapolis  and  St.  Louis  Railway. 

A.  W.  Jewett,  a  native  of  Maine  was  born  in 
June,  1840,  at  Aurora.  His  fatlier  was  a  black- 
smith and  so  he  commenced  learning  that  trade 
as  soon  as  he  was  large  enough  to  hold  a  hammer, 
and  has  continued  in  the  business  since.  In 
April,  1869,  he  came  to  this  city  and  is  now  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Myers  and  Jewett.  De- 
cember 11th,  1872,  Mr.  Jewett  married  Anna  Mc- 
Causland.    They  have  two  sons:    Ira  and  Leon. 

A.  M.  Johnson,  a  native  of  Ohio,  was  born  JNIay 
29th,  1849,  in  Logan  county.  He  accompanied 
his  parents  to  Minneapolis  in  1866,  and  attended 
school  here  three  years.  Until  1872  he  worked 
witli  his  father  at  building,  and  then  started  in 
the  milling  lousiness  at  the  "Old  City  Mill,"  where 
he  remained  three  years ;  he  then  w-ent  to  the 
Pettit  mill  where  he  is  still  employed.  Mr.  John- 
son's marriage  with  Miss  Clarinda  Scott  occurred 
October  11th,  1874.  Two  children  have  been 
born  to  them:  Nellie  and  Gertrude. 

Asa  E.  Johnson,  M.  D.,  was  born  at  Bridge- 
water,  Oneida  county.  New  York,  March  16th, 
1825.  He  first  studied  medicine  in  1849  with  Dr. 
Kellog,  a  homeopathic  physician  ;  then  stuiUed 
three  years,  in  Otsego  county,  with  Dr.  Erastus 
King;  afterward,  he  became  dissatisfied  with  his 
homeopathic  experience  and  attended  two  courses 
of  lectures  at  the  State  University  of  New  York, 
where  he  graduated  March  16th,  1851.  The  fol- 
lowing >Iay  he  went  to  15eloit,  Wisconsin,  and 
practiced  there  until  May,  1853,  then  removed  to 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


571 


St.  Anthony.  Dr.  Johnson  is  the  oldest  practic- 
ioner  in  the  city.  lie  was  married  Marcli  16th, 
18.53,  to  Hannali  Russel,  of  Wisconsin.  Tliey 
are  tlie  parents  of  one  child,  Roesina. 

The  Dr.  was  county  physician  for  one  year,  and 
on  the  board  of  liealth  two  years.  It  was  lie  wlio 
suggested  tlie  organization  of  the  Minnesota 
Academy  of  natural  sciences,  now  located  in  this 
city;  he  was  the  first  president  of  that  institution 
and  lield  the  office  four  years.  He  has  served  on 
committees  of  various  natural  sciences,  entomo- 
logy, comparative  anatomy,  geology  and  crypto- 
gamic  botany;  he  classified  and  identified  eight 
hundred  species  in  mycological  botany.  Among 
the  classifications,  the  Dr.  is  the  discoverer  of 
seventeen  new  species,  peculiar  to  this  state;  some 
of  them  have  been  confirmed  by  such  liigli  au- 
tliority  as  Professor  Peck,  state  botanist  of  Kew 
York;  he  also  discovered  at  Palmer  Lake  mound, 
Brooklyn,  Minnesota,  the  skeleton  of  a  mound 
builder;  this  curiosity  is  now  in  the  Minnesota 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences. 

Charles  W.  Johnson  was  born  in  Belleville,  St. 
Clair  county,  Illinois,  March  ITtli,  1843.    He  re- 
ceived an  high  school    education  at  his  native 
place,  and  learned  tlie  printer's  trade  at  intervals 
between  the  terms  of  school.     lie  came  to  Min- 
nesota in  1860  and  worked  on  a  farm  and  taught 
school  two  years ;  enlisted  in  the  Sixth  Minneso- 
ta and  served  over  tliree  years.    At  the  close  of 
the  war  he  returned  to  Minneapolis,  taught  scliool 
and  finally  resumed  his  business  of  setthig  type, 
drifting  naturally  into  newspajier  work  in  the  ca- 
pacity of  correspondent,  reporter  and  editor  on 
various  city  papers,     lie  was  elected  and  served 
one  year  as  city  clerk.    In  1873  he  was  elected 
assistiuit  secretary  of  the  state  senate  and  tlie  fol- 
lowing year  was  elected  secretary  of  tliat  l)oily 
and  for  six  years  afterwards  performed  the  duties 
of  that  office.     In  1880  he  was  appointed  super- 
visor of  the  census  in  tlie  second  census  district 
of  Minnesota.     During  the  winter  of  1881  he  was 
engaged  as  the  AVashington  correspondent  of  the 
Pioneer-Press,  and  received  the  republican  nomi- 
nation for  chief  clerk  of  the  United  States  senate. 
He  has  been  engaged  actively  in  politics  of  Min- 
nesota as  a  republican  for  many  years,  and  has 
been  secretary  of  the  state  central  committee  and 
of  the  republican  central  committee  for  the  Third 
congressional  district.    His  family  consists  of  his 


wife,  the  daughter  of  J.  D.  Rich,  Esq.,  and  two 
promising  children. 

David  B.  Jolinson,  a  native  of  Winchester, 
Gurnsey  county,  Ohio,  was  born  August  7th, 
1852.  When  seventeen  years  of  age,  he  went  to 
Muskingum  College  in  New  Concord,  Ohio,  and 
remained  there  aliout  two  years;  he  tlien  attended 
the  Geneva  institute  for  the  same  length  of  time. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-one,  he  l>egan"the  study  of 
law  with  Milton  Barnes  at  Cambridge,  Ohio,  and 
later  with  Amos  Coggswell,  of  Owatonna,  Min- 
nesota. He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Febru- 
ary, 1S76,  and  practiced  law  at  Owatonna  three 
years,  then  came  to  this  city  and  has  since  re- 
sided here.  He  married  Miss  Carrie  M.  Johnson 
at  Owatonna,  June  27th,  1877.  Tliey  have  one 
child,  Antoinette. 

C.Johnson  was  born  in  Sweden,September  12lh, 
1847.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1868,  and 
after  a  short  stay  in  Kansas,  he  removed  to  Good- 
hue county,  Minnesota,  where  he  remained  until 
1872.  He  then  came  to  Minneapolis  and  engaged 
in  the  grocery  liusiness  in  which  he  continued 
until  becoming  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Ryberg 
and  Company  in  the  Stockholm  meat  market. 
He  was  married  in  1880  to  Anna  Peterson,  of 
Sweden. 

r.  A.  Johnson  was  born  in  Sweden  in  1849. 
He  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1871,  and 
located  in  Minneapolis.  For  five  years  he  was 
with  the  American  Express  Company,  and  since 
that  time  has  been  in  the  hotel  business.  He  has 
been  proprietor  of  the  Swea  House  since  Septem- 
ber, 1879.  It  is  located  at  723  Washington  Av- 
enue south.  His  marriage  with  Lena  Cornell  oc- 
curred in  June,  1880. 

George  H.  Johnson  was  born  in  Norway.  He 
came  with  his  parents  to  America  in  1850,  and 
settled  in  Cook  county,  Illinois.  In  1862  he  en- 
listed in  the  First  Illinois  Artillery.  He  served 
most  of  tlie  time  with  the  army  of  the  Cumber- 
land, and  was  ui  the  l)attlesof  Chickamauga,  Stone 
River,  Lookout  Mountain,  Mission  Ridge,  and 
otliers.  He  also  accompanied  Sherman  as  far  as  At- 
lanta on  his  march  to  the  sea.  He  was  mustered 
out  ill  July,  1865,  and  came  to  this  city  in  the  au- 
tumn following.  He  worked  in  the  lupiber  mills 
for  a  time,  and  then  went  on  tlie  police  force. 
Mr.  Johnson  was  elected  sheriff  in  1870-72-74,  and 
•went  to  the  legislature  in  1876.    In  May,  1877,  he 


572 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


was  appointed  deputy  sheriff,  and  has  since  con- 
tinued to  fill  that  office.  His  wife  was  An- 
nie Sheridan,  of  Anoka.  She  has  borne  him  five 
children.    Those  living  are  :    George  and  Xellie. 

J.  W.  .Johnson  was  born  May  2d,  1825,  in 
Franklin  county.  Xew  York.  He  learned  the 
contracting  and  building  business,  and  worked  in 
that  line  until  1857,  when  he  engaged  in  mer- 
cantile business.  In  August,  1864,  he  moved  to 
Ked  Wing.  Minnesota,  and  in  1868  came  to  Min- 
neapolis, lie  was  in  the  dry  goods  trade  here 
imtil  September,  1869,  when  he  took  charge  of 
the  North  Star  Iron  Works,  then  located  in  St. 
Anthony,  but  removed  to  the  west  side,  and 
greatly  enlarged  in  1870.  In  1872  he  bought  one- 
fourth  interest  in  the  works,  and  in  1874  twught 
the  other  three-fourths,  and  conducted  the  busi- 
ness until  1880,  when  he  retired  from  active  busi- 
ness. January,  1881,  he  was  elected  president  of 
tlie  City  Bank.  Mr.  Johnson  has  been  married 
twice ;  his  first  wife  was  ilartlia  Walker.  The 
second  wife.  Mrs.  Malinda  Eoman.  has  borne  him 
tteee  children  :    Annie,  Frederick,  and  Walter. 

K.  Johnson,  a  native  of  Norway,  was  born  in 
1844.  He  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1868, 
and  ten  years  later  came  to  ^linneapolis.  He  is 
engaged  as  mill-wright  at  the  lumber  mill  of  P. 
G.  Lamoreaux,  and  resides  at  203  Third  street 
north. 

Peter  Johnson,  a  native  of  Sweden,  was  born 
July  12th,  1845.  He  attended  school  until  1861. 
then  followed  farming  until  1SG6.  when  he  came 
to  America;  he  first  located  in  AVright  county, 
Minnesota,  and  in  May.  1867.  came  to  this  city; 
he  worked  as  an  apprentice  at  the  mason's  trade 
until  1870.  then  worked  five  years  as  journey- 
man, and  since  1875  has  been  contracting.  Mr. 
Johnson  still  retains  his  old  homestead  in  Wright 
county.  He  was  married  August  3d,  1873,  to 
Miss  Christina  Swedeburg;  they  reside  at  507 
Fourth  street  north.  Two  childi'en  have  been 
born  to  them:  Carrolton  and  John  Edward. 

W.  H.  Johnson  was  born  October  5th,  1825.  at 
Ogdensburg.  New  York.  At  the  age  of  nine- 
teen years  commenced  lumbering;  in  1849  he 
went  to  Wisconsin,  bought  160  acres  of  land,  and 
after  the  heavy  work  of  clearing  was  done,  he 
run,  in  connection  with  his  farm,  a  saw-mill  and 
lumbering  business.  Mr.  Johnson  hauled  a  por- 
tion of  the  rolling  stock  for  the  Chicago  and 


North-western  railway  from  Sheboygan  to  Fond 
du  Lac,  a  distance  of  forty-one  miles,  on  a  plank- 
road,  using  eight  teams;  he  drew  an  engine  en- 
tire. In  June.  1864,  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and 
had  charge  of  Monison's  saw-mill  until  1879, 
when  he  was  elected  superintendent  of  the  wa- 
ter-works. He  was  councilman  four  consecutive 
years,  and  went  to  the  legislature  in  1877-"78. 
He  married  Miss  Sarah  Lyman,  of  Jefferson 
coimty,  New  York,  March  11th,  1847.  Their 
children  are  Jasper  and  Sumner.  Mr.  Johnson 
and  family  reside  at  1229  Eighth  street  south. 

Joseph  Jonas,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  bom 
June  16th.  1848.  He  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1872.  and  lived  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  until 
the  following  year,  when  he  came  to  Minneapolis, 
and  has  since  been  engaged  in  the  sale  stable 
business.  In  1880  he  started  a  gi'ocery  and  gen- 
eral merchandise  store  at  his  present  location.  No. 
420  Plymouth  Avenue.  Mr.  Jonas  married,  in 
1879,  Caroline  Sternberg,  of  Pnissia. 

J.  G.  Jones  was  born  in  Washington  comity, 
Maine.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1857,  and 
went  into  the  clothing  busmess  in  company  with 
his  father.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  Third  Min- 
nesota "N'ohmteers.  and  served  four  years.  He 
participated  in  the  battle  of  Murfreesboro,  the 
seige  of  "Mcksburg  and  the  capture  of  Little 
Kock;  he  then  came  to  Minnesota  and  took  part 
in  the  war  against  the  Sioux  Indians ;  he  was  at 
the  battle  of  Wood  Lake  where  three  hundred 
Indians  were  captured,  thirty-eight  of  whom  met 
the  death  penalty  on  the  scaffold  at  Mankato  in 
1862.  On  being  mustered  out  of  service  he  re- 
turned to  ilinneapoUs,  and  was  elected  county 
treasurer  while  absent  on  his  wedding  tour.  This 
oflice  he  held  four  years.  Since  1870  he  has  been 
engaged  in  the  logging  business.  He  now  has 
lumber  yards  at  the  corner  of  Washington  Ave- 
nue and  Tenth  street  north.  In  1866  he  married 
Anna  Harrison.  They  have  two  children:  Carrie 
and  Harrison. 

Edwin  Smith  Jones,  president  of  the  Hennepin 
Coimty  Savings  Baidi,  was  bom  June  8d,  1828,  at 
Chaplin.  Windham  coimtj",  Connecticut.  He  re- 
ceived such  education  as  the  schools  of  his  native 
town  afforded,  and  attended  two  terms  at  the 
Monson  Academy,  Massachusetts.  After  com- 
pleting his  academical  studies  he  began  the  study 
of  law  ui  the  office  of  Hon.  J.  H.  Carpenter,  at 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


573 


WlllimanticConnecticut.  Having  finished  bis  pro- 
fessional course  lie  wished  to  explore  the  rich  and 
fertile  lands  of  the  west,  which  were  only  waiting 
to  reward  the  toil  of  those  industrious  ones  who 
were  willing  to  work.  He  accordingly  carried  out 
his  plans  in  18o4,  coming  to  seek  a  home  and  for- 
tune in  Minnesota.  Finding  Minneapolis  a  de- 
sirable place  in  which  to  locate,  he  entered  the 
law  office  of  Hon.  Isaac  At  water  to  complete  his 
reading.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  18.55  and 
continued  with  Mr.  Atwater  until  1857,  and  after- 
wai-ds  alone.  The  next  year,  1858,  he  was  elected 
to  the  ofBce  of  probate  judge,  in  which  he  con- 
tinued until  1861.  In  18fi3  he  entered  the  Union 
army  and  was  commissioned  captaui  and  commis- 
sary of  subsistence  in  the  department  of  the  gidf, 
an  office  which  he  retained  to  1866,  when  he  re- 
turned to  ^linneapolis  and  resumed  the  practice 
of  his  profession.  During  the  years  of  1866-7  he 
was  chairman  of  the  county  lioard  of  supervisors. 
Continuing  to  practice  until  1870.  Judge  Jones 
accepted  the  position  he  now  occupies,  president 
of  the  bank.  In  1873-4  he  was  a  member  of  the 
city  council.  Since  1860  he  has  been  connected 
with  the  Masonic  fraternity.  He  and  his  wife 
are  members  of  Plymouth  Church  in  this  city.  He 
was  married  in  September,  1853,  to  Miss  Harriet 
M.,  daughter  of  Whitman  and  Harriet  James  of 
his  native  town,  and  lost  his  wife  twelve  years 
later.  He  was  married  again  in  September, 
1866,  at  Minneapolis,  to  Miss  Abigal  J.  James, 
sister  of  his  first  wife.  She  died  in  April,  1872. 
In  May,  1877,  at  Goffetown,  New  Hampshire, 
Mr.  Jones  was  wedded  to  Miss  Susan  C,  daughter 
of  Charles  and  Susan  C.  Stinson.  His  children 
living  are:  Edwin  S.,  Jr.,  Ellen,  David  P.  and 
William  O. 

R.  F.  Jones,  born  in  St.  Lawrence  county. 
New  York,  September  25th,  1852.  He  came  to 
Minneapolis  in  1875,  and  since  then  has  been  a 
wholesale  and  retail  dealer  in  oysters,  fish,  game, 
etc.,  at  his  place  of  business,  No.  306  Hennepin 
Avenue.  The  wholesale  trade  is  very  extensive; 
shipments  being  made  throughout  Minnesota, 
Wisconsin,  Iowa,  and  the  north-western  territo- 
ries. He  is  the  originatcn-  of  the  bi-and  of  oysters 
known  as  the  Gold  Seal;  they  are  packed  and 
shipped  to  him  by  his  branch  house  in  Baltimore, 
Maryland.  IMr.  .Jones  family  consists  of  a  wife 
and  one  child. 


W.  H.  Jones,  born  in  Wales,  May  1st,  1845. 
In  the  spring  of  1857,  he  accompanied  his  parents 
to  America,  and  lived  witli  then  on  a  farm  in 
Columbia  county,  Wisconsin,  until  1866,  w'hen  he 
went  to  Green  Lake  county,  and  for  two  seasons 
was  in  the  agricultural  implement  business;  then 
be  was  employed  one  year  as  general  agent  for  a 
Milwaukee  firm,  and  afterward  with  E.  H.  Gam- 
mon. In  January,  1878,  he  established  himself 
in  the  agricultural  implement  business  in  this  city. 
He  is  now  president  of  the  Piano  Manufacturing 
Company  of  Piano,  Illinois.  He  married  Eliza- 
beth Owens,  September  18th,  1876.  They  have 
three  children,  Hugh,  William  and  Arthur. 

Amos  C.  Jordan,  managing  editor  of  the  Tri- 
bune, was  born  in  Eaton,  Canada  East,  April  22d, 

1842.  He  removed  to  Minnesota  w  itli  his  parents 
in  May,  1854,  locating  at  Piu-gatory,  four  miles 
from  Excelsior  in  Hennepin  coimty.  In  1857,  he 
entered  as  an  apprentice  in  the  office  of  the  St. 
Anthony  Express,  then  owned  by  Isaac  Atwater. 
In  1861,  with  four  other  compositors  of  thexitlas, 
owned  by  W.  S.  King,  he  enlisted  in  the  First 
Minnesota  Infantry,  and  in  the  absence  of  Jlr. 
King  at  Washington,  they  closed  the  office.  Re- 
maining in  the  service  continuously  until  Au- 
gust, 1865,  he  returned  to  Minneapolis,  and  soon 
afterward  secured  the  position  of  telegrapli  edi- 
tor of  the  Daily  Tribune.  In  1872,  he  resigned, 
and  with  Col.  Lounsberry,  founded  the  Bismarck 
Tribune,  of  which  he  had  entire  editorial  charge 
during  the  first  year.  In  1874,  he  jouied  as  night 
editor  of  the  St.  Paul  Pioneer,  owned  by  David 
Blakeley.  After  the  consolidation  of  the  Pioneer 
and  the  Press,  he  continued  as  night  editor  of  the 
consolidated  concern  until  the  purchase  of  the 
Minneapolis  Tribune  by  Mr.  Blakeley,  when  he 
once  more  returned  to  Minneapohs  to  assume  the 
duties  of  managing  editor,  which  position  e  has 
since  held.  Mr.  Jordon  has  done  more  of  edito- 
rial service  in  Minneapolis  than  perhaps  any 
other  person.  His  continuous  service  in  respon- 
sible positions  on  leading  journals  in  the  state, 
amply  testify  to  his  capacity  and  ability. 

R.  W.  Jordan,  a  native  of  Ohio,  was  born  in 

1843.  In  18.')2  he  went  to  Illinois,  and  in  1859 
removed  to  Colorado,  where  he  commenced  busi- 
ness as  an  architect.  In  1871  he  w'ent  to  Salt 
Lake  city,  and  remained  one  year,  from  there  to 
Chicago,  and  thence  to  Sedalia,  Jilissouri.     His 


574 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


eye-sight  failed  and  for  a  time  he  was  obliged  to 
abandon  his  profession,  but  resumed  it  event- 
ually, and  in  1879,  established  his  office  hi  Minne- 
apolis. He  was  married  in  1870  to  Matilda 
Lewis,  who  was  the  first  graduate  under  Miss 
Jones,  who  came  from  England  to  establisli  the 
Festalozzian  system  of  education.  Mrs.  Jordan 
was  the  founder  of  Trenton  Institute,  of  Trenton, 
New  Jersey. 

John  P.  Joseph,  born  in  Germany,  February 
22d,  1837.  lie  came  to  America  in  1859,  and 
lived  two  yeai-s  in  New  York  city;  he  then  re- 
sided in  Ohio  seven  years,  and  at  the  expiration 
of  that  time  came  to  this  city.  In  1863  he  en- 
Msted  in  the  Seventy-second  Ohio;  was  shortly 
after  transferred  to  the  mechanical  department 
of  Franklin  shops,  at  Nashville,  Teimessee,  and 
remained  there  until  the  close  of  the  war.  In 
1878  he  commenced  the  business  of  bottling  beer, 
and  since  ISSO  has  also  manufactured  all  kinds 
of  soda  water,  champagne,  cider,  seltzer-water, 
etc.;  his  place  of  business  is  at  the  corner  of  Mar- 
shall north-east  and  Thirteenth  Avenue.  JSIr. 
Joseph  was  married  in  1860,  to  Miss  Katrina 
Eeinhart.    Thev  have  four  children. 


CHAPTER  LXXX. 

BIOGEAPniCAL,  K,  L  AXD  M. 

John  D.  Kaestner  was  born  October  21st,  1852, 
in  Sheboygan,  Wisconsin.  He  moved  to  St.  Paul 
iu  1871;  five  years  later  he  came  to  this  city  and 
started  in  the  shoe  findings,  hide  and  leather 
business,  at  No.  228  Washington  Avenue  north. 
He  is  doiug  a  prosperous  trade  here,  and  also  acts 
as  agent  for  a  Sheboygan  firm,  buying  hides  and 
shipping  to  them.  Mr.  Kaestner  was  married  in 
1876  to  Amelia  Selsemeyer,  of  Wisconsin.  They 
are  the  parents  of  one  child:  Lillian. 

J.  Kantrowitz  was  bom  Januarj-  1st,  1844,  in 
Gennany.  He  came  to  America  in  1859,  and  lo- 
cated in  New  York,  where  he  was  employed  in  a 
mercantile  house  until  1861,  when  he  went  to 
Troy  and  spent  six  years  in  the  clothing  business 
with  A.  Ksensky  Brothers.    In  the  fall  of  1880 


he  came  here  and  established  the  Bay  State  one- 
price  clothing  house,  at  220  Hennepin  Avenue, 
where  he  is  doing  a  thriving  business.  He  was 
married  February  12th,  1865,  to  Pauline  Cohen. 
Their  children  are  James.  Isaac,  Alexander, 
Minnie,  Rosa,  Frank  and  Josephine. 

Frederick  Herman  Karlson  was  born  in  Swe- 
den in  1834;  attended  the  Univereity  of  Stock- 
holm a  number  of  yeare,  and  was  engaged  as 
missionary  for  a  short  time.  He  came  to  America 
in  1S6S,  settled  in  ^Mitchell  county,  Iowa,  and  the 
following  year  removed  to  Fayette  county.  In 
1870  he  was  ordained  in  La  SaUe  county,  Illinois, 
and  at  once  commenced  his  ministerial  labor  in 
Faj^ette  county,  Iowa.  Came  to  Minneapolis  in 
1880  and  took  charge  of  St.  Paul's  church  ;  also 
has  a  Norwegian  congregation  in  St,  Paul,  which 
he  visits  once  in  three  months.  Has  three  chil- 
dren. Alma  "\'ictoria,  Agnes  F.  Louisa  and  Karl 
Herman,  born  respectively  in  1863, 1867  and  1873. 

C.  II.  Keator  came  to  Minnesota  in  1856,  lo- 
cated at  Greenwood,  Hennepin  county,  and  for 
five  years  followed   hunting   and   trapping.     In 

1861  he  enlisted  in  the  Mounted  Rangers,  and  in 

1862  m  the  Eighth  Minnesota  Volunteere.  From 
1865  until  1867  he  was  in  the  auction  and  com- 
mission business,  then  he  formed  a  partnership 
with  Mr.  Snyder  in  the  bill  posting  business;  also 
as  caniere  for  the  Mimieapolis  Daily  Tribune.  In 
1879  they  sold  the  carrier  busuiess.  but  still  con- 
tinue the  bill  posting.  Their  office  is  in  the  Trib- 
une counting  room.  City  hall.  Mr.  Keator  mar- 
ried ;Martha  McLeod  November  15th,  1864. 
Their  only  child,  Jessie,  died  at  the  age  of  two 
yeai-s. 

C.  T.  Keen  was  born  September  21st.  1842,  at 
Calais,  Maine.  In  1865  he  went  to  Oskosh,  Wis- 
consin, and  was  lumbering  eight  yeare,  and  two 
years  in  the  hotel  business.  In  1875  he  removed 
to  this  city,  and  followed  carpentering  until 
March,  1880,  when  he  became  proprietor  of  the 
Glyndon  House,  219  Third  street  south.  He  was 
married  October  18th,  1875,  to  Miss  Susanna 
King,  who  has  borne  him  one  child,  Daisy. 

Matthias  Kees,  born  in  Prussia,  September  27th, 
1839.  He  came  to  America  in  1856.  and  first  set- 
tled in  Illinois,  but  soon  moved  to  Marathon 
comity,  Wisconsin,  and  until  1859  was  interested 
in  the  lumber  trade  there.  Then  he  returned  to 
Illinois,  and  remained  until  1862,  when  he  w'ent 


BIOOBAPHICAL. 


575 


to  Racine,  Wisconsin,  and  enlisted  in  the  Eighth 
Wisconsin  Battery,  light  artillery.  He  was  mus- 
tered out  in  August,  1865.  In  >September  of  the 
same  year  he  came  to  this  city,  and  worked  as 
clerk  until  1869,  when  he  started  a  grocery  store. 
He  is  now  located  at  328  First  street  north.  In 
1877  Mr.  Kees  was  elected  to  the  city  council  to 
fill  a  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  Alder- 
man Thompson,  and  in  the  spring  of  1880  he 
was  again  elected.  In  1866  he  married  Susan 
Knaeble.  Seven  children  have  been  born  to  them. 
Those  living  are  :     Clara,  Susan,  and  Edwin. 

Andrew  Keim  was  born  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio, 
April  18th,  1859.  In  early  youth  he  went  to  San- 
dusky, and  in  1868  removed  to  St.  Cloud,  Minne- 
sota, where  he  learned  harness-making.  He  came 
to  this  city  in  1877,  and  worked  for  George  Thele 
until  November.  1880,  when  he  started  in  busi- 
ness with  Mr.  Arnoldy,  at  120  Plymouth  Avenue. 

George  Ilackett  Keith  was  born  in  Orange 
county,  Vermont,  May  4th,  1825.  He  attended 
the  district  schools  at  home  until  sixteen  years 
of  age,  when  he  worked  on  a  farm  one  season, 
for  seven  dollars  per  month.  He  then  went 
to  Meriden,  New  Hampshire,  and  passed  four 
years  in  studying  and  teaching.  He  removed 
to  Indianapolis,  and  engaged  in  teaching  private 
school  one  year,  after  which  he  was  appointed  su- 
perintendent of  the  preparatory  department  of 
the  Franklin  College,  at  Franklin,  Indiana.  He 
continued  his  studies  and  attended  lectures  until 
1852,  when  he  graduated  from  the  medical  college 
at  Woodstock,  ^'ermont.  He  moved  to  the  city  of 
New  York  and  began  practice,  paying  considera- 
ble attention  to  dentistry.  In  1855  he  came  to 
Minneapolis,  and  has  since  resided  here,  with  the 
exception  of  1859-60,  when  he  made  a  southern 
trip.  Dr.  Keith  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  this  city,  but  turned  his  attention 
almost  wholly  to  dentistiy.  He  was  a  memijerof 
the  lirst  state  legislature,  which  met  in  1858-9. 
During  the  Indian  war  of  1862,  he  was  surgeon 
of  the  expedition  sent  to  the  relief  of  Fort  Aber- 
crombie.  In  1863  he  received  the  appointment  of 
provost  marshal  for  the  second  district  of  Min- 
nesota, and  held  the  position  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  In  May,  1871,  he  was  appointed  post- 
master, and  re-appointed  in  1875.  He  was  mar- 
ried July  2d,  1851,  to  Anna  Judson,  daughter  of 
Dr.  Jonathan  Going.    She  died  in  1862.    The 


present  Mrs.  Keith  was  Henrietta,  daughter  of  S. 
A.  and  Dora  Jewett.  Their  children  are  Walter, 
Mabel,  and  Mary. 

H.  C.  Keith,  a  native  of  Randolph,  "Vermont, 
was  born  in  1823.  In  1841  he  moved  to  Dover, 
New  Hampshire,  and  remained  there  three  years 
in  the  dry-goods  and  drug  trade;  he  then  ti'avel- 
ed  three  years  with  Dr.  Cutler,  and  in  1853  set- 
tled in  Minneapolis.  He  pre-empted  what  has 
since  been  known  as  Falls  City,  now  a  part  of 
Minneapolis.  Until  1877  he  was  contracting  and 
building;  then  he  was  in  the  real  estate  business 
till  1877,  when  he  went  to  Lake  Minnetonka;  he 
spends  his  summers  there,  and  will  build  a  board- 
ing house  on  Howard's  Point.  In  1844  he  mar- 
ried Ruth  Canney,  of  Dover,  New  Hampshire. 
Three  children  have  been  born  to  them.  All  are 
now  living  in  this  city. 

Albert  A.  Keith  was  born  at  Dover,  New 
Hampshire,  January  30th,  1851.  At  the  age  of 
three  years  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Minneso- 
ta. They  located  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  about 
three  miles  below  Minneapolis.  Albert  received 
his  education  in  the  graded  schools  of  this  city, 
and  attended  the  college  at  Hillsdale,  Michigan, 
one  year,  after  which  he -returned  home  and  took 
a  position  as  clerk  in  the  post-office  and  remained 
five  years.  When  the  carrier  system  was  adopt- 
ed, he  was  promoted  to  the  position  of  superin- 
tendent of  carriers,  which  he  has  filled  five  years. 
He  was  married  in  March,  1874,  to  Miss  Maggie 
McKahan,  of  Minneapolis.  They  have  one  boy, 
Louis  Henry,  aged  two  years.  Mr.  Keith  has  been 
a  member  of  the  Old  Settlers'  Association  since 
its  organization. 

J.  M.  Keller  was  born  in  Prussia,  April  17th, 
1830.  lie  came  to  the  United  States  in  1S49,  and 
settled  in  St.  Louis  in  1850.  He  came  to  this 
city  in  1854,  and  worked  four  years  for  M.  S. 
Hoblitt.  He  bought,  with  Frank  Rorbach,  the 
Morgan  mill  at  Shingle  Creek,  but  sold  in  1865, 
and  the  following  year  was  in  the  cattle  trade. 
In  1866  he  went  in  bu.siness  with  a  nephew,  but 
owing  to  ill  health  he  sold  in  1869,  He  opened 
the  market  at  his  present  location,  428  First  Ave- 
nue north,  in  September,  1879,  Mr,  Keller's 
wife  was  Minnie  Runge.  They  have  six  children 
living. 

II.  H.  Kelley  was  born  in  Washington  county, 
Maine,  February  4th,  1854.    In  the  fall  of  1869 


576 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIX^  COUNTY. 


he  came  to  this  citj-,  and  was  employed  as  clerk 
in  different  business  houses  until  he  started  a 
meat  market  in  company  with  his  brotlier:  they 
continued  this  until  August.  1S80,  when  they 
sold,  and  established  their  stock-yards  and  slaugh- 
ter-house. 

W.  A.  Kelley.  brother  of  the  above,  is  a  native 
of  Maine;  he  was  bom  in  Washington  county, 
December  27th.  ISol.  He  has  been  in  partner- 
ship with  his  brother  ever  since  his  arrival  in 
Minneapolis  in  1S74. 

Dr.  E.  S.  Kelly  was  bom  June  24th,  1848,  in 
Ottawa,  Canada,  where  he  received  a  liberal  edu- 
cation. He  came  to  Minnesota  in  1867  and  locat- 
ed in  this  city.  He  entered  the  State  Universit)' 
in  the  second  year  of  its  existence  and  studied 
there  five  years.  He  first  studied  medicine  with 
Dr.  H.  H  .  Kimball,  and  graduated  from  Rush 
Medical  College,  February  1878.  being  first  in  his 
class.  Immediately  after  gi-aduating  he  returned 
to  Minneapolis  and  has  since  continued  in  prac- 
tice here.  June  1st.  1880,  Dr.  Kelly  was  elected 
county  physicidn. 

F.  W.  Kelly  was  born  April  oth,  1851,  at 
Brooklyn.  Long  Island.  He  learned  the  plumb- 
ing trade  at  Cleveland,  Ohio  ;  worked  at  it  there 
and  in  Kew  York  city  until  1869,  when  he  re- 
moved to  St.  Paul ;  he  lived  there  several  yeare 
aud  then  worked  two  years  in  Chicago.  He  came 
here  in  1873.  and  engaged  with  Wilson  and 
Rogers,  J.  L.  Spink,  and  others  in  his  line  of 
business  until  1S77.  since  which  time  he  has  been 
alone.  Mr.  Kelly  was  married  in  1875,  to  Miss 
Catherine  Collins  of  St.  Paul. 

II.  Krueger  was  born  at  Watertown.  Wiscon- 
sin, October  ItUh,  1859.  He  learned  the  trade  of 
gunsmith  at  Eau  Claire,  Wisconsin.  In  1877  he 
came  to  JSIinneapohs  and  established  business  at 
his  present  location.  A  description  of  his  busi- 
ness may  be  found  elsewhere. 

W.  F.  Kelly,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  bom  in 
1838.  He  lived  in  England  from  1849  until 
1862  when  he  emigrated  to  America  ;  for  a  short 
time  lie  lived  in  New  York  city,  then  went  to 
I'ennsylvania  and  in  1864  returned  to  Xew  York. 
The  year  following  he  removed  to  this  city  and 
worked  in  the  J^Iilwaukee  and  St.  Paul  railroad 
shops  until  1872,  when  he  started  in  the  grocery 
trade,  in  which  he  is  having  a  rapidly  growing 
blisiness.    In  Nov. .  1 857 ,  he  married  Annie  Ryan . 


Edward  Kennedy  was  bom  in  Ireland.  In  1 861 
he  came  to  the  United  States  and  Uved  in  New 
York  until  1865.  employed  as  blacksmith  for  a 
railroad  company.  He  then  removed  to  ;Minne- 
apolis  and  worked  as  engineer  in  the  machine 
shops  for  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul 
company.  He  worked  some  time  with  Mr.  But- 
ler to  familiarize  himself  with  the  manufacture 
of  mill  picks,  and  then  embarked  ui  that  business. 
Ills  shop  and  contents  were  entirely  destroyed 
by  fire  in  November.  1880.  but  he  rebuilt  on  First 
street  south  where  he  is  now  located.  His  wife 
was  Margaret  Murpln  .  Their  children  are  Ed- 
ward and  Margaret. 

A.  II.  Kenyon  was  born  in  Washington  county, 
New  York,  September  14th,  1842.  He  came 
here  in  February.  1873.  and  engaged  in  the  dry 
goods  trade  for  about  three  yeare;  then  he  was 
in  partnership  with  Thomas  Jeffery  a  while,  and 
ui  August,  1880,  went  in  the  carpet  business 
with  Mr.  ]SIcYeigh.  The  firm  carries  a  full  line 
of  everything  appertaining  to  the  wholesale  and 
retail  carpet  trade. 

Walter  Kerridge  was  horn  in  Norfolk  county, 
Englaiul.  January  21st.  1854.  He  attended  the 
public  schools  until  eighteen  years  of  age,  then 
learned  the  florist  business  which  he  stiU  fol- 
lows. In  1872  he  came  to  America,  and  to  this 
city  in  1876.  In  June  of  the  following  \ear,  he, 
in  company  with  his  father  and  brother,  estab- 
lished their  present  business  at  617  Fourth  street 
north.    Mr.  Kerridge  has  never  married. 

John  Keys  was  born  in  1842.  In  1862  he 
moved  to  Canada,  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade 
when  young,  and  has  worked  at  it  twenty-one 
yeare.  He  removed  to  Hastings.  ^Minnesota,  in 
June,  1862,  thence  to  Granville,  Dakota  county, 
where  he  lived  five  years.  September.  1879,  he 
came  here  and  opened  a  shop  on  First  street 
south,  and  in  ^larch,  1880,  formed  a  partnerehip 
with  T.  II.  Cain  and  bought  the  shop.  No.  117 
First  Avenue  south.  He  ;\as  maiTied  in  1863, 
and  is  the  father  of  five  children. 

B.  W.  Kiniliall.  M.  D..  was  bom  in  Bethel, 
O.xford  county,  ilaine.  March  12th.  1829.  He 
received  his  early  education  at  Gould's  academy, 
and  at  the  Brighton  academy,  of  Cumberland 
county.  He  first  studied  medicine  with  Dr. 
Twitchell,  of  his  native  place,  and  next  with  Dr. 
Peasley,  of  Hanover,  New  Hampshire.    He  grad- 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


577 


iiated  with  the  degree  of  Tsl.  D.,  from  the  medi- 
cal department  of  Bowdoin  College,  Maine,  in 
1857.  He  practiced  eight  years  as  government 
physician  in  Idaho  and  Oregon,  and  in  July, 
1869,  came  to  this  city.  He  has  been  in  practice 
as  an  occuUst  and  aurist  since  1871,  havmg  studied 
at  the  Manhattan  eye  and  ear  infirmary,  the  New 
York  eye  and  ear  hospital,  and  also  with  Dr. 
Mark  Stephenson  of  New  York.  In  1875  he 
married  Susie  Lyon.  They  have  two  children 
living. 

T.  S.  King  removed  to  ^Minneapolis  in  the  au- 
tumn of  1862,  and  has  since  been  a  resident  of 
the  city.  Immediately  upon  coming  to  the  city, 
accepted  a  position  on  the  State  Atlas,  a  weekly 
paper  published  by  W.  S.  King,  and  remained 
with  the  paper  in  a  business  and  editorial  capa- 
city until  the  birth  of  the  Minneapolis  Daily 
Tribune  in  the  summer  of  1867,  into  vv'hich  the 
Atlas  was  merged.  He  was  city  editor  of  the 
Tribime  for  the  first  eighteen  months  of  its  exis- 
tence. In  .July,  1871,  accepted  a  tempting  offer 
from  the  publishers  of  the  St.  Paul  Pioneer,  and 
devoted  himself  to  establishing  the  Munieapolis 
branch  and  editorial  department  of  that  paper. 
Mr.  King  has  since  been,  and  now  is,  connected 
with  the  Pioneer  and  its  successor,  the  Pioneer 
Press,  as  Minneapolis  city  editor. 

Charles  D.  Kingsley,  born  in  Medina  county, 
Ohio,  September  15th,  1826.  When  quite  young, 
he  moved  with  his  parents  to  Missouri,  and  in 
April,  1846,  located  at  Marine  Mills,  Minnesota; 
he  followed  lumbering  three  years,  and  in  June, 
1849,  removed  to  St.  Anthony.  He  worked  at 
his  trade  of  stone  mason  and  plasterer  a  number  of 
years,  and  in  1862,  enlisted  in  the  Ninth  Minne- 
sota Volunteer  Infantry;  he  was  captured  in  June, 
1864,  and  confined  at  Andersonville,  Savannali 
and  Millen  prisons.  He  came  home  on  a  furlough 
and  was  honorably  discharged  xVugust  1st,  1865. 
He  has  served  on  the  police  force  of  this  city 
since  May,  1879.  His  wife  was  Julia  Shepherd, 
who  has  borne  him  four  children,  Ira,  Eflle,  and 
William;  John  (deceased.) 

Edward  Kingsley,  a  life  long  resident  of  Min- 
neapolis, was  born  May  2d,  1856.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  this  city. 
He  has  been  employed  in  the  manufacture  of 
eave  troughs,  and  is  at  present  running  a  planer 
in  an  establishment  of  that  kind.  In  1871,  he 
37 


volunteered  in  the  fire  department,  and  was 
appointed  stoker;  on  organization  of  the  paid  de- 
partment, he  was  given  the  position  of  first  pipe- 
man  and  in  May,  1880,  was  appointed  foreman.  He 
was  married  in  Minneapolis,  April  17th,  1878,  to 
Miss  Augusta  Gould.  Their  union  has  been 
blessed  with  one  child.  Burton. 

E.  D.  Kirst,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born  in 
1831.  When  but  fourteen  years  of  age  he  com- 
menced to  learn  cabinet-making.  In  1856  he 
came  to  America,  and  for  two  years  lived  in  Sul- 
livan county,  New  York,  then  removed  to  Ded- 
ham,  Massachusetts,  and  remained   until  July, 

1861,  when  he  came  to  this  city.    In  August, 

1862,  he  enlisted  in  the  Ninth  Minnesota,  Com- 
pany B.  The  first  summer  was  spent  in  the 
Indian  campaign;  then  he  went  south  and  partic- 
ipated in  all  the  battles  of  the  regiment.  He  was 
mustered  out  August,  1865.  Mr.  Kirst  does  cab- 
inet work,  repairing,  general  joljbing,  and  manu- 
factures corn  husk  mattresses  at  923  First  street 
north.  Mr.  Kirst  was  married  in  1861.  His  wife 
died  in  1876;  she  was  the  mother  of  two  boys. 

A.  II.  Kirk  was  born  in  Broome  county,  New 
York,  July,  1847.  He  enlisted  in  the  Sixteenth 
New  York  Battery,  February,  1864,  and  was  hon- 
orably discharged  in  July,  1S05.  He  came  to  this 
city  in  1871,  and  was  employed  by  O.  A.  Pray 
and  Company  for  two  years.  After  that  he  took 
charge  of  the  mill  furnishing  shops  for  J.  W. 
Johnson,  and  also  did  the  draughting  for  the 
establishment,  until  May  1st  ,  1878,  when  he 
started  for  himself  in  the  business  of  manufactur- 
ing mill  furnishings.  He  married  Nettie  Strong, 
May  15th,  1873.  Their  two  cliildren  are  Zoe  and 
Freeman. 

M.  J.  Klopp  was  born  November  28th,  1847,  in 
Lebanon  county,  Pennsylvania.  In  1855  he  went 
to  Logansport,  Indiana,  and  at  tlie  age  of  fifteen " 
years  commenced  learning  carriage-making,  wh  ch 
trade  he  has  since  followed.  ]Mr.  Klupp's  poor 
health  obliged  him  to  travel,  and  he  spent  some 
time  in  California,  Colorado  and  Arkansas.  In 
June,  1878,  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and  worked  at 
his  trade,  being  employed  by  different  firms  uniil 
October,  1880,  when  he  opened  a  shop  at  99  Main 
street  S.  E.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  years  he  en- 
listed and  served  eight  months,  then  I'e-enlisted 
and  served  until  1865.  His  wife  was  Christiana 
Schaefer.    They  have  one  son,  Henry. 


578 


HISTOEY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


J.  W.  Kline,  a  native  of  Frederick  county.  :Mary- 
land.  was  bom  in  1S39.  lie  came  to  Minneapo- 
lis in  1874  and  worked  at  his  trade,  that  of  cooper, 
until  1877,  when  he.  assisted  by  otliei-s,  formed 
the  North  Star  Banel  Company.  At  present 
Mr.  Kline  is  president  of  this  company.  He  re- 
sides with  his  family  in  this  cit)'. 

Rev.  David  Buell  Knickerbacker  D.  D.,  was 
bom  in  Rensselaer  count\".  Xew  York.  Feb.  24th, 
1833.  lie  is  the  son  of  Hon.  Herman  Knicker- 
backer, who  was  a  member  of  congress  from  that 
district,  also  judge  of  proljate  in  Rensselaer  coun- 
ty. David  B.  was  prepared  for  college  at  the 
Academy  of  Greenwich.  New  York;  he  then  en- 
tered Trinity  College,  Hartford,  and  graduated 
in  18o3;  and  hi  June,  1856,  he  graduated  from 
the  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Chmch  of  Xew  York  cit\-.  On  the  first 
Sunday  in  July  of  the  same  year, he  was  ordained 
deacon  in  Trinity  Church.  Xew  York,  by  Bishop 
Potter,  and  was  at  once  appointed  missionary 
bishop  of  the  north-west.  His  wliole  ministerial 
life  has  been  spent  in  Minneapolis.  He  was  or- 
dained priest  in  Gethsemane  Church,  July.  1875, 
by  Bishop  Kemper.  In  1874  he  received  the  de- 
gree of  doctor  of  di\-init>'  from  Hartford,  Connec- 
ticut. In  1877  he  was  elected  missionary  bisliop 
for  Xew  Mexico  and  Arizona,  but  dechiied  the 
honor.  He  has  held  the  office  of  dean  of  the 
northern  convocation  of  ^ilinnesota,  by  appoint- 
ment of  the  bishop,  since  1870,  and  lias  represent- 
ed the  diocese  in  general  conventions,  five  times, 
since  its  admission  into  union  with  the  general 
convention  in  1859.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
standing  committee  of  the  diocese,  and  also  of  its 
missionary  committee  since  its  organization. 

A.  H.  Knowles,  a  native  of  England,  was  born 
in  1830.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1854. 
"and  Uved  the  first  few  months  in  Philadelphia, 
then  spent  two  months  in  Xew  York  iii  the 
steam  and  gas  fitting  business.  He  traveled  for 
ten  years  througli  the  middle  states  building  gas 
works,  and  in  IS'iO  came  to  this  city  ;  since  which 
time  he  has  been  in  the  wholesale  and  retail 
liquor  business. 

Alois  Knoblauch,  bom  in  Wurtemberg,  Ger- 
many, September  24th,  1833.  He  was  educated 
and  learned  the  shoemaking  trade  in  his  native 
country.  In  1854  he  came  to  America ;  worked 
a  short  time  in  Xew  York,  then  removed  to  Chi- 


cago. Illinois,  and  thence  to  Fulton  county.  In 
1857  he  came  here  and  started  a  small  boot  and 
shoe  store ;  he  is  now  enjoying  a  thriving  busi- 
ness at  26  First  street  north,  and  125  Washington 
Avenue  south.  He  was  mamed  in  1858  to  Ame- 
lia Stulcman.  Their  children  are:  Antliony, 
Frank,  Amelia,  Alois,"\Villiam,  Henrietta,  George, 
Charles,  Henry,  Alexander  and  a  babe. 

M.  B.  Koon.  bom  January  22d.  1841.  in  Steu- 
ben county.  Xew  York.  He  moved  with  his  par- 
ents to  Michigan,  and  received  his  education  at 
the  Hillsdale  College.  In  1864  he  went  to  CaU- 
fornia  and  remained  two  years,  then  returned  to 
Michigan,  studied  law,  and  in  1867,  commenced 
practice  at  Hillsdale;  in  1870,  he  was  elected  pros- 
ecuting attorney  of  that  countj%  and  held  the  of- 
fice five  years.  In  1878  he  came  to  this  city  and 
established  the  practice  of  law  in  company  with 
E.  A.  MeiTill;  the  firm  of  Koon  and  Merrill  con- 
tinued until  Xovember.  1879.  when  Arthur  Keith 
became  associated  with  them,  and  the  firm  name 
is  now,  Koon,  Menill  and  Keith.  Mr.  Koon 
married  Josie  Van  De  ^lark  in  1873.  Their 
children  are  Kate  and  Louise.  Residence  Xo.  30 
Sixth  street  south. 

John  Kraemer,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  bom 
in  December,  1827.  He  emigrated  to  the  United 
States  in  1857.  and  worked  at  blacksmitliing  in 
Chicago  a  few  months,  then  came  to  this  city  and 
continued  the  trade  here  eighteen  years,  ^lith  the 
exception  of  three  yeai-s  in  the  war.  He  enlisted 
August  2d,  1862,  in  the  Eighth  Minnesota  Yol- 
imteers.  His  wife  was  Barbara  Eoch;  their  mar- 
riage occurred  August  2d.  1852.  'Sir.  Kraemer 
owns  the  building  which  he  has  occupied  for  the 
past  five  years,  X''o.  227  Central  Avenue. 

A.  C.  La  Brash,  a  native  of  ilichigan,  was 
bom  July  7th,  1841.  His  father,  being  a  black- 
smith, taught  him  the  trade  while  yet  a  boy.  In 
the  fall  of  1854,  he  located  at  Waukegan,  Illi- 
nois, thence  to  Chicago  where  he  remained  four- 
teen months,  then  returned  to  "Waukegan,  and  in 
1858,  he  came  to  St.  Paul,  where,  with  his  father, 
he  opened  a  shop,  and  for  nearly  two  yeare  re- 
mained there,  then  came  to  St.  Anthony.  AVhile 
here,  he  was  employed  by  others  until  1861;  he 
then  went  to  Osseo  and  opened  an  establishment 
of  his  own.  and  remained  there  until  the  Indian 
outbreak  of  1862,  when  he  returned  to  this  city, 
and  has  since  remained,  doing  a  general  black- 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


579 


smithing  business  on  First  street  north.  He 
married  Miss  Julia  Potvin,  of  Canada,  in  1860. 
Tliey  have  three  sons  and  one  daugliter. 

II.  E.  Lamoreaux  was  born  at  Arcadia,  Xew 
York,  July  23d,  1S42.  In  1862,-he  engaged  in  the 
canal  business,  owning,  and  having  in  charge  a 
boat  between  Buffalo  and  New  York,  until  1875, 
when  he  came  to  this  city  engaging  in  lumbering 
about  three  years.  In  October,  1880,  he  rented 
and  furnished  his  present  liilliard  ball  at  223  First 
Avenue  south.  He  married  ilary  Smith,  of  New 
York,  March  3d,  1863.  They  have  two  children, 
Louis  and  Mary. 

Cliristian  Lamp,  a  native  of  Denmark,  was  born 
August  24th,  1845.  He  passed  his  youth  in  his 
native  place,  where  he  learned  shoemaking. 
He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1873,  and  first 
located  at  Marquette,  Michigan,  remaining  five 
yeai-s,  when  he  removed  to  St.  Paul.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1879,  lie  located  at  Minneapolis,  and  with  his 
brother  opened  a  boot  and  shoe  store.  He  is  a 
member  of  tlie  Light  Infantry  band.  He  married 
Miss  Sophia  Nelson,  of  Denmark,  in  1868.  who 
has  borne  him  five  children,  four  of  wlioni  are 
living:  Walter.  Bodil  Mary,  Christian  and  Joa- 
chim. 

Joachim  Lamp,  born  .January  7th,  1855,  is  a 
native  of  Denmark.  He  learned  shoemaking 
there,  came  to  the  LTnited  States,  in  1876, 
and  has  been  with  his  brother  since.  He  is  also 
a  member  of  the  Light  Infantry  band,  playing 
baritone  trombone,  and  strings. 

Freeman  P.  Lane,  of  the  law  firm  of  Giddings 
and  Lane,  is  a  native  of  Washington  county, 
Maine,  born  April  20th,  1853.  He  came  west 
with  his  parents  in  1862,  locating  in  Minneapolis. 
He  began  his  labors  by  engaging  as  a  newsboy 
selling  the  Press  and  Pioneer.  He  attended 
school  until  1867,  after  which  he  worked  in  L.  L. 
Stanchfield's  mill,  at  the  mouth  of  Bassett's 
Creek.  In  1868  he  was  clerk  for  his  father  in  the 
gi'ocery  business.  He  entered  the  employ  of  the 
Northwestern  Telegraph  Company  as  line  builder 
and  repairer  in  Minnesota  and  Dakota,  and  re- 
mained with  them  until  1872.  During  this  time, 
however,  be  attended  school  two  winters  at  the 
Minneapolis  Business  College.  He  then  began 
reading  law  with  Albee  Smith,  and  in  1873,  en- 
tered the  Albany  Law  School,  of  New  York. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  at  Albany,  May  4th, 


1874,  returned  to  this  city,  and,  in  1875,  formed  a 
partnership  with  G.-W.  Harl,  and  the  next  year 
the  present  firm  of  Giddings  and  Lane  was  organ- 
ized, and  is  conducting  a  successful  business. 
Mr.  Lane  was  married,  in  1875,  to  Miss  Mollie 
Lauderdale ,  who  has  borne  him  two  children: 
Bessie  and  Ina. 

James  S.  Lane  is  a  native  of  New  Brunswick, 
born  in  1833.  After  reaching  the  age  of  man- 
hood, he  gave  his  attention  principally  to  lumber- 
ing. In  1852,  he  came  to  St.  Anthony  and  engaged 
with  the  old  water  power  company,  and  later  with 
H.  T.  Welles.  He  was  surveyor  general  of  logs 
and  lumber  for  three  terms.  He  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  firm  of  L.  Butler  and  Company  of  No. 
One  Platform  mills,  now  ilerriman.  Barrows  and 
Company.  He  was  married,  in  1860,  to  Miss 
Aubine  Dorman,by  wliom  he  has  seven  children: 
Verna,  Minnie,  Lizzie,  Mittie,  Frank,  Emma  and 
Mark.  His  mother,  Mrs.  ^^elma  Lane,  is  a  mem- 
ber of  his  household,  and  though  seventy-five 
years  of  age,  is  in  good  health,  and  has  been  a 
resident  of  this  city  since  1855. 

Leonidas  M.  Lane  was  born  in  1835,  at  St. 
Stephens,  New  Brunswick.  At  sixteen  years  of 
age  he  entered  a  saw  mill,  remaining  there  until 
August,  1855,  when  he  came  St.  Anthony,  and 
entered  the  mills  as  sawyer,  and  remained  until 
1861.  He  then  enlisted  in  Company  A,  First 
Minnesota  Volunteers,  for  three  months.  In  the 
fall  of  1862  he  re-enlisted  in  Company  A,  Ninth 
Minnesota  Volunteers.  At  the  battle  of  Bry- 
son's  cross-roads,  he  was  taken  prisoner,  and 
taken  to  Macon,  Georgia;  from  there  to  Charles- 
ton, thence  to  Columbia.  After  an  imprison- 
ment of  nine  months  he  reached  the  Union  lines. 
He  returned  to  St.  Anthony  in  March,  1865.  He 
has  since  been  in  the  lumbering  business  in  con- 
nection with  his  brother,  J.  S.  Lane,  and  is  now 
a  member  of  the  fii-ni  of  Merriman,  Barrows  and 
Company.  He  married  Anna  JiIcLeod  in  1869. 
Their  children  are,  Harry,  Eva,  Robbie,  Roscoe 
and  Leon. 

E.  B.  Langdon  wfis  born  at  New  Haven,  Ver- 
mont, in  1826.  He  received  an  academic  ed- 
ucation, and  began  active  life  as  foreman  of  a 
construction  party  on  the  Rutland  and  Burling- 
ton railroad,  in  1848.  Since  then  the  principal 
business  of  his  life  has  lieen  the  construction  of 
railroads,  having  under  his  superintendence,  roads 


580 


HISTOBT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


in  Vermont.  Ohio,  Indiana.  Illinois,  Wisconsin, 
^linnesota.  Tennessee  and  Mississippi.  Ilebnilt 
the  water-power  canal  for  the  Minneapolis  :Mill 
Co.,  in  lS(j(),  also  erected  a  number  of  the  import- 
ant buildings  of  the  city.  He  had  charge  of  the 
party  who  broke  the  ground  for  the  first  railroad 
in  the  state,  the  St.  Paul  and  Pacific  railroad,  in 
1858.  Since  1866  he  has  been  a  resident  of  Min- 
neapolis. In  1872.  R.  B.  Langdon  and  Company 
erected  a  planing-mill  on  Third  street  which 
they  still  own.  He  was  state  senator  for  sL\  con- 
secutive years  ending  in  1878.  and  is  now  vice- 
president  of  the  Minneapolis  and  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road. He  married  Sarah  Smith  in  1859.  Their 
children  are:  Cavour,  Martha,  and  Caroline. 

J.  Lange  was  boni  June  25th,  1836,  in  Ger- 
many. He  acquired  a  knowledge  of  the  mason's 
trade  in  his  native  country,  and  in  1866  came  to 
the  United  States  and  located  in  Xew  York.  Ten 
years  later  he  removed  to  Minneapolis,  and  erected 
the  building  on  Riverside  Avenue,  where  he  is  lo- 
cated, doing  a  good  business  in  groceries.  He 
was  maiTied  in  1869,  to  Helen  Gerdes,  of  Ger- 
many. They  are  the  parents  of  six  children,  four 
of  whom  are  living:  Emily,  Henry,  "William, 
and  Herman. 

Louis  Laramee  is  a  native  of  Monti-eal,  Canada, 
bom  April  11th,  1837.  He  removed  to  Pittsfleld, 
Massachusetts,  in  1S55,  and  enraged  in  the  pur- 
suit of  Ids  regular  trade,  that  of  harness-making. 
He  came  to  St.  Paul  in  1857;  thence  to  St.  An- 
thony, and  to  tliis  city  in  1865,  and  has  since  re- 
mained here,  in  business.  His  present  location 
is  304  Nicollet  Avenue,  where  he  has  an  extensive 
establishment,  employing  twenty-eight  men.  Un- 
til 1876,  he  was  working  as  an  employee,  and  by 
his  energy  and  strict  attention  to  business  has  el- 
evated himself  to  his  present  position.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1870,  to  Miss  Alphonsie  Davis,  of  ilontreal, 
who  bore  him  two  children.  Eugenie  and  Alfred. 

Carl  Larson  is  a  native  of  Xurway,  and  was 
bom  January  26th,  1844.  He  came  to  America 
in  1868,  coming  to  Minnesota  and  locating  in 
Fillmore  county,  where  he  resided  four  years,  en- 
gaged as  a  wheat  buyer.  In  1872  he  came  to 
Minneapolis,  where  he  was  in  the  employ  of  East- 
man and  Bovey  for  three  years.  He  kept  a  board- 
ing-house in  this  city  for  three  yeare,  and  in  1878, 
became  proprietor  of  the  A'ictoria  Hotel,  where 
he  is  stUl.    He  was  married  in  Norway,  to  ilar- 


tha  Baltzerson.  in  1866.  They  have  one  adopted 
child,  whom  they  call  George  Larson. 

Eben  E.  La\\Tence,  machinist  at  Anchor  mill, 
was  bom  at  Cherryfield,  Washington  county, 
Maine,  November  7th,  1847.  He  came  to  Minne- 
apolis in  April.  1870.  and  gave  his  attention  to 
lumbering  until  the  the  spring  of  1877.  He  then 
engaged  in  the  Pillsbury  mill,  remaining  three 
years ;  then  to  the  Anchor  mill  as  machhiist. 
While  in  the  lumber  business  he  passed  several 
winters  in  tlie  pineries,  occupying  positions  as 
chopper  and  superintendent. 

W.  H.  Lauderdale  was  bom  in  Livingston 
county.  New  York,  August  loth,  1830.  He  ob- 
tained his  education  at  his  native  place,  in  the 
public  schools.  At  sLxteen  years  of  age  he  com- 
menced the  tailor's  trade,  completing  it  at  San- 
dusky, Ohio.  He  went  to  Wooster  in  1849,  where 
he  remained  four  yeare.  In  the  fall  of  1857 
he  came  to  Minneapolis.  He  took  a  claim 
near  Lake  Calhoun,  on  which  he  lived  until  1866, 
when  he  invested  in  another  in  BrookljTi  town- 
ship, and  after  remaining  one  year  returned  to 
this  city  and  engaged  in  the  dairy  business  until 
1879.  The  next  year  he  foiined  a  partnersliip 
with  Min''r  Ball,  dealing  in  real  estate.  They 
dissolved  partnership  in  1881,  and  he  began  busi- 
ness under  the  firm  name  of  Lauderdale  and  Com- 
pany, at  1 1  Washington  Avenue  north.  He  was 
married  in  1852  to  Mary  E.  Sloaue,  who  bore  him 
three  children  :  Marg-aret,  Jeanette,  Mollie.  and 
Frank.  Mrs.  Lauderdale  died  in  1872.  His  sec- 
ond wife  was  Mrs.  Susan  Robertson,  of  Nova 
Scotia.    They  have  one  child,  George  Hayes. 

James  W.  Lawrence,  of  the  firm  of  Wilson  and 
Lawrence,  was  bom  in  New  York,  August  9th, 
1846.  He  moved  with  his  parents  to  Syracuse, 
where,  ^\hile  young,  he  attended  the  graded 
school.  In  1857  he  accompanied  his  parents  to 
St.  Anthony,  remaining  until  1 860.  when  he  re- 
tm-ned  to  Syracuse  and  entered  Hamilton  Col- 
lege in  1864,  from  which  he  graduated  after  a 
four  years'  course.  He  read  law  in  New  York 
city,  with  Sheldon  and  Brown,  one  year,  and,  in 
1869,  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  returned  to 
this  city  in  1870,  and  the  next  year  formed  the 
partnerehip  which  now  exists.  During  these  in- 
tervening years  he  has  served  two  terras  as  coun- 
ty attorney  of  Hennepin  county.  Mr.  Lawrence 
was  married,  in  1873,  to  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


581 


J.  K.  Sidle.  They  have  two  children,  Jacob  S. 
and  James,  Jr. 

Brady  Lawson  is  a  native  of  Norway,  born  in 
1845.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1867,  lo- 
cating first  in  Eau  Claire,  Wisconsin;  thence  to 
Minneapolis  in  1880.  He  is  proprietor  of  the 
Eau  Claire  House,  211  Second  Avenue  south. 
He  married  Ida  Oelson,  in  1873,  who  bore  him 
three  children:  Levi,  Dewettand  Edward. 

Jerome  Layman,  one  of  tlie  oldest  residents  of 
this  county,  came  to  this  city  with  his  parents 
when  less  than  one  year  of  age,  in  1852.  At  that 
time  there  were  but  three  houses  on  the  west 
side  of  the  river.  He  has  passed  twenty-seven 
summers  and  winters  on  the  same  location,  cor- 
ner of  Eighteenth  Avenue  and  Twenty-first 
street.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Knickerbocker 
Euriiiture  Company,  a  description  of  which  is 
given  elsewhere. 

Rev.  N.  M.  Learned,  pastor  of  Franklin  Ave- 
nue Methodist  Episcopal  Cluux'h,  was  born  in 
Vermont,  October  29th.  1838.  He  was  converted 
in  1855,  licensed  to  preach  in  1859;  studied  at 
Newbury  Seminary  and  New  Hampton  Theolo- 
gical Institute.  Received  into  the  conference  in 
1863,  and  was  ordained  deacon  in  1865.  Ordained 
elder,  1867,  filling  appointments  at  Eden  Mills 
and  other  places.  Was  sent  to  Stowe  for  two 
years,  then  to  Bakersfield  for  two  years.  While 
there  buried  his  wife,  then  went  to  Cambridge,then 
to  Middletow^n  Springs,  and  Clarendon  Springs. 
Then  transferred  by  Bishop  Simpson  to  Troy  con- 
ference New  York.  While  at  Wells,  had  a  great 
revival,  and  over  one  hundred  conversions, 
which  resulted  in  the  founding  of  a  church,  and 
he  was  unanimously  invited  to  be  its  pastor, 
which  he  accepted  and  remained  for  two  years. 
Then  failing  health  sent  him  to  Minnesota,  and 
at  the  re(iuest  of  the  presiding  elder  of  the  St. 
Cloud  district,  he  went  to  Sauk  Rapids.  He 
then  went  to  Austin,  Texas,  for  a  few  months, 
and  returning  to  Minnesota,  was  transfeired  by 
Bishop  Wiley  from  the  Troy  conference  to  the 
Minnesota  conference  and  stationed  at  Clinton 
Avenue  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  St.  Paul,  for 
one  year.  Then  to  Farmington  for  two  years, 
doing  much  good.  Then  to  the  Washington  Av- 
enue Methodist  Episcopal  church  for  two  years; 
many  were  ^dded  to  the  church;  he  found  a  debt  of 
$2,000,  which  was  provided  for.  The  quarterly  con- 


ference unanimously  voted  for  his  return,  but  on 
account  of  the  great  strain  upon  his  system,  asked 
for,  and  was  permitted  to  make  a  change.  Married 
February  16th,  1864,  to  Miss  Saphrona  B-uck,  of  St. 
Albans,  Vermont,  a  lady  of  rare  accomplishments, 
and  a  skilled  artist,  whose  fame  and  loveliness  was 
too  soon  cut  off  by  death.  Married  again  in  Octo- 
ber, 1873,  to  Miss  Lucy  A.  Herrick,  of  St.  Albans, 
Vermont,  who  was  educated  at  the  New  Hamp- 
ton Institute.  She  is  a  lady  of  high  culture 
and  an  artist  of  distinction  and  fine  taste,  as  the 
many  beautiful  pictures,  which  adorn  the  walls 
of  their  pleasant  home  will  testify.  They  have 
two  children,  Frank  IL,  and  Mattiel. 

Julius  Leber  is  a  native  of  Dresden,  Kingdom 
of  Saxony,  born  February  22d,  1828.  He  acquired 
a  knowledge  of  truss  making  at  Dresden,  and 
worked  at  his  trade  in  Liverpool,  Berlin,  Vienna, 
and  other  European  cities,  until  1849,  when  he 
emigrated  to  Ameri'-a,  and  worked  in  New  York, 
St.  Louis,  New  Orleans,  Philadelphia  and  other 
places  until  1870 ;  he  then  bought  a  farm  and  lo- 
cated at  Anoka,  Minnesota.  Two  years  later  he 
removed  to  Minneapolis  and  commenced  the 
manufacture  of  trusses,  wire  bolting  cloth,  and 
mechanical  apparatus  for  deformities.  The  greater 
portion  of  his  work  is  done  by  contract  for  medi- 
cal men  of  large  cities.  Mr.  Leber  was  married 
in  1851,  to  Teresa  Brudj  of  Saxony.  Their  child- 
ren are:  William,  Henry,  Louisa,  Juhus,  Jr.,  and 
Adolph. 

John  T.  Lee  was  born  in  1840,  and  is  a  native 
of  Canada.  He  accompanied  his  parents  to  Ver- 
mont, and  in  1856  to  Lowell,  Massachusetts. 
His  father  was  a  blacksmith  and  taught  his  son 
the  trade,  while  so  young  he  was  obliged  to  .«tand 
on  a  box  to  strike  tlie  anvil.  In  1875,  Mr.  Lee  re- 
moved to  Montreal,  Canada,  and  there  remained 
in  the  blacksmith  and  carriage  making  business 
until  1879,  when  lie  came  to  this  city.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  city  council  of  Lowell,  in  1866-7 
and  was  trial  justice  in  the  same  place  fourteen 
years.  He  was  married  in  1863,  to  Miss  Lucy 
Marsh,  who  bore  him  one  son,  George. 

John  M.  Lee  was  born  in  New  York,  August 
19th,  1827.  He  came  to  Minnesota  in  1856  and 
located  in  St.  Anthony,  and  worked  a  short  time 
at  carpentering ;  he  then  removed  to  Michigan 
where  he  remained  until  1865,  when  he  enlisted 
in  the  Eleventh  Michigan  Infantry  and  went  to 


582 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Tennessee,  where  he  remained  until  September, 
1865,  and  received  his  diseliarge.  He  located  in 
McLeod  county,  Minnesota,  on  a  farm,  in  1868, 
and  remained  three  years,  then  returned  to  iliu- 
neapolis  and  has  since  given  his  attention  to  car- 
pentering. He  was  married  in  1858,  to  Alniira 
Jones  of  New  York,  by  whom  he  has  two  child- 
ren: Eliza  and  Agnes. 

I^.  A.  Legg  was  born  in  Lowell,  Massachnsetts 
February  13th,  1853.  He  moved  to  Berlin,  Wis- 
consin, while  quite  young,  and  in  1866  removed 
to  Minneapolis.  He  has  been  at  his  present  lo- 
cation. Fourth  street  south,  between  Xicollet  and 
First  Avenue  south,  alxmt  two  years.  He  has  a 
sale,  livery,  and  boarchng  stable.  He  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Annie  Xoren  in  1878. 

John  G.  Lennon  was  born  at  Bolton,  England, 
July  6th,  1815.  He  came  to  America  in  1841,  as 
supercargo  of  a  vessel,  for  the  tirm  in  whose  em- 
ploy he  had  l)een.  He  landed  in  Xew  Orleans, 
and  after  delivering  the  cargo,  passed  two  years 
in  traveling  through  the  states,  and  in  1843  loca- 
ted at  St.  Croix  Falls,  remaining  two  years,  when 
he  returned  to  St.  Louis  and  engaged  with  the 
American  Fur  Company.  He  returned  to  Men- 
dota,  Miiuiesota,  in  1846,  and  the  next  year  re- 
moved to  St.  Paid.  In  1849  he  took  charge  of 
the  St.  Anthony  outfit,  and  remained  until  1856; 
then  began  business  for  himself  in  the  mercan- 
tile and  lumbering  line.  This  he  sold  in  1859, 
and  removed  to  his  stock-farm  in  Sibley  county, 
remaining  until  the  rebellion.  He  accompanied 
the  Sibley  expedition  to  l^e\irs  Lake  and  the 
Missouri  river,  as  assistant  in  the  commissary 
department  imder  Captain  Forbes.  He  retiu'ned 
to  Fort  Snelling  in  the  fall  of  1863,  then  w^nt  to 
Memphis,  Tennessee,  where  he  was  quartermas- 
ter of  the  first  division  of  the  Sixteenth  corps  un- 
der General  Mower.  They  disbanded  at  Louis- 
ville, Kentucky,  where  he  remained  in  the  real 
estate  business  and  prosecuting  claims  for  the 
government.  In  1873  he  returned  to  this  city, 
and  has  since  continued  in  the  real  estate  busi- 
ness. During  the  winter  of  1877  he  suffered  a 
stroke  of  paralysis,  from  which  he  has  never 
fully  recovered.  He  was  married  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing to  Mary  B.  Me  Lain,  in  1851.  Theirchildren 
are  Catharine  and  John. 

AV.  11.  I.,eonard,  physician  and  surgeon,  was 
born  in  Tolland  county,  Connecticut,  December, 


1826.  He  received  a  high  school  education  in 
his  native  state,  and  one  course  at  the  Xew 
York  State  University,  and  graduated  from  the 
Yale  ^ledical  School,  session  of  1S52-3.  He  set- 
tled in  Wyoming  county,  Xew  York,  and  began 
his  practice.  He  removed  to  Minneapolis  in 
1855.  and  has  continued  in  practice  here  since. 
In  Xovember,  1862,  he  entered  the  army  as 
assistant  surgeon  of  the  Fifth  ilinnesota  Infantry, 
and  was  afterwards  promoted  to  surgeon.  He 
mustered  out  at  Fort  Snelling  in  1865,  and  re- 
sumed his  practice  as  a  physician  immediately 
after  his  discharge.  He  was  health  officer  of  the 
first  board  organized  in  this  city.  When  he  be- 
gan in  his  profession,  he  was  the  youngest  prac- 
titioner in  the  city.  He  was  married  in  Octo- 
ber. 1853.  to  Miss  Jane  Preston,  of  Connecticut. 
Theu-  children  are:  William,  now  a  physician, 
and  Gertrude. 

John  Leppla,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
in  1846.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1860, 
and  passed  two  years  in  Pennsylvania  and  Ken- 
tucky; then  removed  to  Appletou,  Wisconsin, 
remaining  two  years.  In  1864  he  came  to  Min- 
neapolis and  engaged  in  milling  until  1876,  when 
he  opened  a  saloon  and  billiard  hall.  He  was 
married  in  1871,  to  Lena  WistfaU,  who  bore  him 
three  children:  Lena,  Annie,  and  John. 

G.  L.  Levi  and  Company  are  proprietors  of 
the  Philadelphia  One  Price  Clothing  Store,  at 
205  Hennepin  Avenue  and  204  Xicollet  Avenue. 
The  house  on  Ilemiepin  Avenue  was  established 
by  Aultmau  and  Loucheim,  who  were  succeeded 
by  G.  L.  Levi  and  Company,  in  1877.  This  firm 
removed  to  their  present  location  the  next  year-, 
where  they  transact  a  jobbing  and  retail  busi- 
ness. The  individual  members  of  the  firm  are 
G.  L.  Levi  and  M.  Levi, 

G.  F.  Libby  is  a  native  of  Maine,  born  in  Octo- 
ber, 1834.  At  the  age  of  sixteen,  he  learned  the 
trade  of  blacksmithing  in  Cherryfield,  of  his  na- 
tive state.  In  1854.  he  located  in  Wisconsin,  and 
the  next  year  removed  to  St.  Anthony,  He  re- 
mained only  a  short  time,  then  w-ent  to  Montieello 
and  opened  a  blacksmith  shop.  There  he  resided 
until  1858,  when  he  returned  to  this  city  and 
opened  an  establishment  at  his  present  location, 
104  First  street  north,  it  being  at  that  time,  the 
onlv  one  of  the  kind  on  that  street.    He  was  en- 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


583 


with  his  trade.  He  was  married  to  Miss  Elsie 
Sime,  of  New  Brunswick,  in  1860.  They  have 
three  sons  and  five  daughters.  Mr.  Lil)l)y  served 
two  years  as  street  commissioner. 

Joseph  Libby  was  born  at  Goldsborough,  Maine, 
January  12th,  1805.  He  lived  there  twenty-five 
years,  then  removed  to  Washington  county,  giv- 
ing his  attention  to  lumbering.  In  1850,  he  came 
to  this  city  and  almost  immediately  started  up 
Rum  River,  on  a  prospecting  tour.  He  engaged 
in  lumbering  on  tliis  river  for  seven  years,  about 
one  hundred  miles  above  the  present  site  of 
Anoka.  In  1857,  he  built  a  flat-boat,  seventy-four 
by  eight  feet,  and  after  loading  it  with  supplies 
for  the  camp  during  tlie  winter,  towed  and  pad- 
dled it  np  tlie  Mississippi  about  two  hundred 
miles.  He  had  a  crew  of  sixteen  men.  eight 
working  oxen,  some  cattle  for  beef,  and  one  horse 
used  to  tow  the  boat.  They  were  about  twenty- 
six  days  on  the  route.  Mr.  Libby  was  the  first 
lumberman  in  that  region,  and  worked  tliere  un- 
til 1877.  He  has  since  lived  with  liis  family  in 
this  city,  enjoying  the  fruits  of  his  labors.  He 
was  married  in  July,  1832,  to  Miss  Priscilla  Wil- 
son. Tliey  are  the  parents  of  nine  children,  seven 
of  whom  are  living,  the  eldest  being  forty-two. 

Thomas  Libby  is  a  native  of  England,  born  Au- 
gust 29th,  1824.  He  learned  the  mechanic's  trade 
at  home.  In  August.  1850,  he  came  to  the  United 
States  and  located  at  Middletown,  Connecticut, 
where  he  remained  working  at  his  trade  five 
years.  He  then  removed  to  a  farm  in  Wisconsin, 
where  he  resided  fifteen  or  sixteen  years  engaged 
in  farming,  in  connection  with  his  trade.  He 
removed  to  Baraboo,  and  remained  until  com- 
ing to  Minneapolis  in  1878.  He  married  Miss 
Theresa  Hocking,  of  England,  in  1845.  They 
have  foiu-  children:  Theresa,  Thomas,  Mary  and 
William. 

N.  P.  Liljengren  is  a  native  of  Sweden,  born  in 
1845.  He  came  to  America  in  1873,  and  located 
in  Illinois,  coming  to  this  city  the  next  year.  He 
worked  as  furniture  polisher  until  1877,  when  he 
started  in  the  manufacturing  business  and  has 
been  successfully  engaged  in  it  since.  He  was 
united  to  Miss  Augusta  Anderson  in  1877.  Resi- 
dence Ninth  Avenue  south. 

H.  F.  Lillibridge,  a  well  known  resident  of 
Minneapolis,  was  born  May  26th,  1836,  at  Wil- 
mington, Todd  coimty,  Connecticut.    He  came 


to  this  city  in  1856  and  after  remaining  a  few 
months  removed  to  Monticello,  Wright  county, 
where  he  remained  eight  years  in  the  mercantile 
business :  lie  was  a  clerk  for  Fox  and  !Mealy  one 
year,  then  bought  Mr.  Mealy 's  interest  in  1857. 
He  sold  out  his  interest  and  returned  to  this  city 
in  I860  and  in  partnership  with  J.  (i.  Smith  en- 
gaged in  making  sash,  doors  and  blinds.  He  dis- 
posed of  his  interest  and  kept  books  for  J.  Dean 
and  Company,  and  remained  until  he  purchased 
the  cracker  bakery.  Mr.  Lillibridge  is  now  con- 
ducting the  leading  cracker  and  confectionery 
manufactory  of  the  north-west,  located  in  three 
buildings.  13.  17  and  19  South  Third  street. 

I.  L.  Lincoln  was  bom  in  Worcester,  Massa- 
chusetts. April  5th,  1818.  He  learned  his  trade, 
that  of  blacksmithing,  at  sixteen  years  of  age. 
He  passed  a  number  of  years  in  visiting  through 
his  native  state  and  New  Hampshire  and  in 
August,  1847,  removed  to  Peru,  South  America, 
engaged  in  the  pursuit  of  his  trade  and  ship- 
ping provisions,  until  1855.  He  then  located  in 
Illinois  and  worked  in  a  steam  saw  mill  one  and 
one-half  years,  thence  to  Kankakee,  residing  seven 
years  on  a  farm.  He  came  to  St.  Paul  in  1863 
and  two  years  later  went  to  South  Bend  andFar- 
mington.  In  1872  he  made  this  city  his  home 
and  has  since  remained  here  in  the  blacksmithing 
business.  At  present  lie  is  a  member  of  tlie  firm 
of  Lincoln  and  Lee.  He  has  been  maiTied  three 
times;  to  his  present  wife  in  1874. 

Hans  Lindas  was  born  in  ^larsliall,  Wisconsin, 
in  1854.  He  passed  liis  youth  in  Ills  native  town 
and  learned  the  trade  of  tinsmith.  In  1875  he  re- 
moved to  La  Crosse,  Wisconsin  ;  thence  in  1876 
to  Chicago.  The  next  year  he  came  to  this  city 
continuuig  at  his  trade  until  1880,  when  he  be- 
came one  of  the  firm  of  Cross  and  Lindas,  located 
at  829  Washington  Avenue  south.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1878,  to  Belle  Ilowland  of  Norway,  who 
bore  him  one  child,  Charles. 

H.  Lindblad  is  a  native  of  Sweden,  born  July 
12th,  1850.  He  gained  a  knowledge  of  machin- 
ery in  his  native  country,  and  in  1872,  came  to 
America.  He  was  employed  as  a  house-builder 
and  cabinet  maker,  at  Taylor's  Falls,  Miunesot?, 
two  years,  and  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1874. 
Here  he  has  been  engaged  in  building,  also  in 
the  different  mills  of  the  city  as  a  mill-wright  for 
two  years  past,  and  is  now  in  the  Pettit  mill.  He 


584 


HISTORY  OF  HENKEPIN  C0UK1Y. 


married  iliss  Johanna  Jolinson  in  1874.    Their 
children  are,  John.  Herman  and  Ileljra. 

Thomas  yi.  Linton  was  born  at  Dover,  Xew 
Hampshire,  December  2.5th,  1831.  He  went  to 
California  in  1851,  and  engaged  in  mining  three 
years,  when  he  came  to  this  city  and  gave  his  at- 
tention to  lumbering  five  years;  lie  was  tlien  in 
the  employ  of  A.  Kelly,  grocer,  three  years.  He 
traveled  through  Oregon.  Montana.  California, 
and  Utah,  passing  two  years,  then  returned  to 
this  city  in  1864.  Two  years  after  his  return,  the 
firm  of  Clark  and  Linton  was  established— whole- 
sale dealers  in  grain.  Hour  and  feed,  505  Wash- 
ington Avenue  south.  He  was  married  in  1869 
to  Miss  Man-  Bean,  who  bore  him  one  child, 
Mary. 

A.  Livingston  was  born  in  Schoharie  county, 
S'ew  York,  in  1845.  He  accompanied  his  parents 
to  Albany  in  1857.  and  remained  there  until  1864, 
the  last  three  year's  being  spent  in  the  dry-goods 
business.  He  next  removed  to  Janesville,  'Wis- 
consin, dealing  in  groceries  until  1S71.  when  he 
came  to  Minneapolis.  The  next  year  he  bought 
the  stock  of  groceries  from  Mr.  George  Wales  at 
823  Fourth  street  south,  where  he  has  since  re- 
mained. He  was  married  in  1873  to  Lizzie  Love, 
of  Albany,  Xew  York.  They  have  onp  daughter 
living.  Grace. 

William  Lochren,  of  the  firm  of  Lochren,  Mc- 
Nair  and  Gilflllan,  was  born  April  3d,  1832,  at 
Tyrone,  Ireland.  He  came  to  America  at  the  age 
of  two  years  and  passed  his  youth  in  northern 
Vermont,  and  received  a  common  school  and  aca- 
demic education.  He  read  law.  and  was  admit- 
ted to  the  bar  in  Franklin  county,  "N'ermont,  in 
1856.  During  that  year,  he  came  to  St.  Anthony 
and  practiced  his  profession  there  until  1869.  with 
the  exception  of  the  time  passed  in  the  army.  In 
1869,  the  firm  of  Lochren.and  McXair  was  formed, 
Avhich  continued  until  1871.  wlien  J.  B.  Gilflllan 
was  admitted  as  partner.  Mr.  Lochren  enlisted 
as  private  in  the  First  Mmnesota  Volunteers  in 
1861,  but  in  course  of  time,  was  promoted  to 
First  Lieutenant;  he  resigned  two  months  before 
his  discharge.  After  his  retiu-n,  he  was  city  at- 
tarney  much  of  the  time,  until  the  consolidation 
of  the  two  cities.  He  was  elected  state  senator 
in  1868  from  the  fourtli  district,  which  then  in- 
cluded Hennepin,  Anoka,  Isanti,"  Mille  Lacs  and 
Benton  counties.    He  was  also  city  attorney  of 


this  city  in  1877.  He  was  married  in  1871  to  Mrs. 
ilartlia  Demmon,  who  died  in  1879,  leaving  one 
daugliter,  Martha. 

J.  E.  Lockwood,  of  the  firm  of  Lockwood,  Up- 
ton and  Company,  was  born  in  Orange  county, 
Xew  York,  in  1832.  He  learned  the  trade  of 
machinist  at  the  Matteawan  Manufucturing  Iron 
Works,  one  of  the  oldest  establishments  in  that 
country,  in  1845.  In  1854  he  went  to  Providence, 
Ehode  Island,  where  he  was  engaged  in  steam 
engine  works,  which  during  the  war  employed 
sixteen  hundred  men.  In  1865  he  entered  the 
Schenck  Machine  Works  as  superintendent,  re- 
maining luitil  1 869,  when  he  removed  to  Jilinnea- 
polis,  and  superintended  the  Minnesota  Iron 
Works  until  1872.  He  then  commenced  business 
for  himself  in  a  shop  where  the  Humboldt  miU 
now  stands.  From  there  he  removed  to  his  pres- 
ent location,  and  the  present  firm  was  organized. 
He  was  married  in  18-55  to  Martha  Colville.  Their 
children  Uving  are  Edwin  and  Mary. 

H.  Lohse,  a  native  of  Hamburg,  Germany,  was 
born  August  19th,  1853.  He  studied  art  in  Ger- 
many from  1870  until  January,  1880,  when  he 
came  to  Minneapolis.  He  worked  with  Mr.  W. 
Brown  a  few  mouths,  then  went  in  partnership 
with  him.  and  finally  bought  his  interest  in  the 
business.  Mr.  Lohse  does  fine  work  in  card  and 
cabinet  photographs.  His  gaUerj-  is  119  Wash- 
ington Avenue  north. 

A.  C.  Loring  was  born  in  Wilwaukee.  Wiscon- 
sin, August  31st,  1858.  At  the  age  of  two  years 
he  moved  with  his  father  to  Minneapolis.  The 
firm  of  Weeks  and  Loring  was  organized  January 
1st,  1880.  They  are  wholesale  dealers  in  grain, 
miU-feed,  etc.,  and  will  this  year  buy  and  sell 
two  thousand,  seven  hundred  and  fifty  car-loads, 
doing  business  mostly  with  Xew  York  and  Xew 
England.  Their  place  of  business  is  405  Wash- 
ington Avenue  south.  He  married  Miss  Ida 
Eastman  in  1879.  One  child  has  been  born  to 
them,  Fred.  Mrs.  Loring  died  in  Xovember, 
1880. 

S.  B.  Lovejoy  was  born  at  Livermore.  Maine, 
in  1850.  He  came  with  his  parents  to  St.  An- 
thony in  1854.  In  1868  he  entered  the  First  Xa- 
tional  Bank  as  collection  boy  and  corresponding 
clerk,  after  which  he  held  the  position  of  assist- 
ant book-keeper,  and  iu  1872  was  promoted  to 
chief  book-keeper.    In  1874  he  took  charge  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


585 


W.  Hale  and  Company's  flouring-mill,  and  the 
next  year  the  firm  dissolved.  He  then  became 
treasurer  of  the  Rum  River  Boom  Company,  and 
has  since  held  that  position.  He  was  married  in 
this  city,  in  1872,  to  Miss  Louise,  daughter  of 
George  N.  Morgan,  now  deceased,  an  old  settler 
of  this  country.  Their  children  are :  Emma 
Louise,  Edith,  and  Ethel. 

Henry  A.  Loverin  was  born  in  Chicago,  in 
1838.  He  came  to  St.  Anthony  in  1849,  and  at 
the  age  of  eighteen  years  went  to  California,  re- 
maining nine  years.  He  returned  to  St.  Anthony 
and  was  married  in  1865,  when  he  removed  to 
Chicago  remaining  there  nine  years  engaged  in 
contracting  and  building.  In  1874  he  located  in 
this  city,  and  the  year  following  established  his 
present  business,  that  of  carpentering,  cabinet- 
making  and  jobl)ing. 

r.  P.  Lowell  is  a  native  of  Maine,  born  October 
28th,  1852.  He  passed  his  childhood  and  received 
his  educaton  in  his  native  place.  In  1868  he 
went  to  Florida,  but  returned,  however,  the  same 
year.  In  1871  he  engaged  in  business  in  Port- 
land, Maine,  but  sold  out  the  next  year  and  re- 
turned to  his  native  place  where  he  opened  a 
grocery  store,  in  which  he  continued  until  1876; 
he  then  sold  oiit  and  removed  to  this  city.  He 
first  had  a  stand  in  the  city  market  and  then 
bought  the  grocery  store  at  229  Central  Avenue, 
where  he  has  remauied.  He  wai  married,  in 
1874,  to  Lizzie  Foye,  who  died  three  years  after, 
leaving  one  child,  Harry.  He  married  in  1880, 
Martha  Hughes,  who  has  borne  him  one  child. 
Myrtle. 

J.  F.  Low  was  born  at  Frankfort,  Maine,  in 
1831.  He  remained  with  his  parents  until  ISoO, 
when  he  went  to  Boston  and  remained  four  years, 
then  came  west,  locating  at  St.  Anthony  in  Octo- 
ber, 1854.  At  that  time  there  were  but  two 
buildings  on  the  west  side.  When  the  news  was 
received  that  that  land  was  open  to  entry,  over 
two  hundred  claim  shanties  sprang  up  in  one 
night.  Mr.  Low  traded  a  gold  watch  for  a  claim, 
which  he  sold  two  weeks  later  for  five  hundred 
dollars.  He  took  out  the  first  auctioneer's  license 
issued  in  Minnesota,  and  in  company  with  Mr. 
Sawtelle  engaged  in  selling  goods  at  auction  in 
the  towns  adjoining.  He  removed  to  Oak  Grove, 
on  a  farm,  where  he  remained  four  years,  thence 
to  St.  Paul  two  years.     In   1862,  he  enUsted  in 


Company  G,  Sixth  Minnesota  Infantry,  and  was 
in  the  Indian  campaign.  One  year  later  he  re- 
turned to  Fort  Snelling  and  remained  five  years. 
He  was  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  at 
Darwin,  Minnesota,  two  years,  then  came  to  this 
city,  taking  charge  of  the  Pacific  elevator,  which 
position  he  has  since  held.  He  married  Miss 
Leatliers,  of  Maine,  who  died  in  1870.  His  sec- 
ond wife  was  Miss  Cyphers,  of  this  city.  They 
have  six  children,  the  oldest  son  being  a  conductor 
on  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Manitoba  Rail- 
road, running  from  St.  Paul  to  St.  Cloud. 

S.  B.  Jjoye  is  a  native  of  New  Brunswick,  born 
July  19th,  1835.  He  moved  to  Maine  in  1855, 
thence  to  Kansas,  coming  to  Minneapolis  by  boat, 
in  1857.  He  learned  harness  making  after  leav- 
ing school,  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  and  on  coming  to 
this  city  engaged  in  the  harness  business.  He 
was  formerly  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Greeley, 
Loye  and  Company,  this  establishment  being  one 
of  the  first  here.  He  was  married  in  1861,  to 
Antoinette  Palmer,  of  Hennepin  county,  who 
has  borne  him  three  sons:  William,  Edwin,  and 
Albert.  Mr.  Loye's  place  of  business  is  118 
AVasliington  Avenue  south. 

Rudolph  Lueck,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  bom 
February  24th,  1838.  He  came  to  the  United 
States,  in  1866,  and  spent  one  year  in  Wisconsin, 
at  Milwaukee  and  LaCrosse.  In  1867  he  located 
in  this  city,  being  in  the  employ  of  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railroad  car  shops  imtil 
1877,  when  he  opened  a  restaurant  and  sample 
room,  at  1219,  Washington  Avenue  south,  where 
he  has  since  remained.  He  married  Constance 
Riepenzike,  in  1866.     They  have  one  child:  Mary. 

JSIary  Hale  Lufkin,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Jeffer- 
son county,  Indiana,  and  received  her  early  ed- 
ucation there.  She  studied  medicine,  and  grad- 
uated from  the  Hygeo  Therapeutic  College,  of 
New  York,  in  1863,  with  the  degree  of  M.  D. 
After  graduating  she  practiced  in  Indiana  until 
1870,  when  she  removed  to  Minneapolis  and  has 
since  practiced  here.  Her  method  of  treatment 
is  principally  by  application  of  various  kinds  of 
baths,  on  hygienic  principles,  such  as  electro-ther- 
mal, improved  Turkish,  etc.  Her  establishment 
is  known  as  the  Hygienic  Health  Institute,  and 
is  the  only  one  of  the  kind  ui  the  city,  Located 
256J  First  Avenue  South. 

Mr.  Gus  Lundell,  partner  in  business  of  P. 


586 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Osander,  is  a  native  of  Sweden,  born  April  25th, 
1846.  He  attended  the  public  schools  in  his  na- 
tive country  a  number  of  terms,  and  in  1868 
emigrated  to  Quebec,  Canada.  The  same  year 
he  removed  to  Iowa,  and  engaged  in  farming 
until  1871.  when  he  located  in  MinneapoUs.  and 
entered  into  partnership  with  P.  Osander,  deal- 
ing in  pumps,  wind-mills,  and  general  business 
in  wells.  257  First  Avenue  south. 

A.  G.  Luudberg,  a  native  of  Sweden,  was  born 
December  18th,  1847.  Here  he  lived  until  1870, 
during  which  time  he  gained  a  knowledge  of 
shoe-making.  He  then  came  to  the  United 
States,  locating  first  at  Hastings.  Minnesota. 
thence  to  ilmneapolis  in  1872,  where  he  worked 
at  his  trade  six  years,  then  opened  a  shop  witli 
^Ir.  Odegard  at  12  Second  Avenue  south.  He 
married  Annie  Dahlgren,  of  Sweden,  in  1877. 
They  have  two  children,  Ludwig  and  Ruth. 

C.  C.  Lyford  Y.  S.,  graduated  from  the  Illinois 
Industrial  University  m  "75.  from  the  McGill  Med 
ical  College  in  1879,  and  from  the  Montreal  Yet- 
ermary  College  in  1877.  He  came  to  Minneapo- 
lis in  March,  1880,  and  began  practicing  his  pro- 
fession; he  also  practiced  during  vacations  of 
school.  Office  and  infirmary,  309  and  311  Sec- 
ond Avenue  soutli. 

John  Lynch,  mill-wright  of  Cataract  mill,  was 
born  in  1837.  He  learned  the  trade  of  miller  in 
his  native  country,  and  at  the  age  of  tweuty-thres 
went  to  Glasgow,  Scotland,  and  i-emained  there 
imtil  1879  when  he  came  to  the  United  States  and 
located  at  Minneapolis,  working  m  the  Galaxy  mill 
eight  mouths,  and  has  since  been  in  the  Cataract 
mill.  He  was  married  in  1864  to  Catharine  Mc- 
Dounigh  who  bore  him  one  child,  Francis. 

Michael  Lyons  was  born  at  Longford.  Ireland, 
August  loth,  1833.  He  went  to  England  at  the 
age  of  twelve,  with  his  parents,  and  was  there 
reared  to  manhood.  He  came  to  America  in  the 
spring  of  1853.  locating  first  in  Xew  York,  where 
he  remained  four  years  engaging  in  plastering, 
that  being  his  trade.  He  then  came  to  St.  An- 
thony where  he  has  since  remained,  working  at 
his  trade.  He  married  2iliss  Rose  Ann  Clary,  of 
St.  Anthony,  m  1866.  Residence,  628  Quincy 
street. 

Jacob  Machmeier,  a  native  of  Milwaukee.  Wis- 
consin, was  born  November  2d,  1855.  Wlien  fif- 
teen years  of  age  he  commenced  learning  black- 


smithing  and  has  continued  the  trade  since.  He 
was  in  different  places  in  Wisconsin  until  the 
spring  of  1879,  when  he  removed  to  Fargo,  and 
in  the  fall  of  the  same  year  to  ^linneapolis.  At 
first  he  worked  for  the  street  car  company,  then 
a  short  time  for  JSIr.  Cramsie.  and  is  now  one  of 
the  firm  of  Murphy  and  Machmeier ;  they  do  all 
kinds  of  repairing  and  job  work,  and  make  a 
specialty  of  horse  shoeing. 

J.  H.  Mackroth,a  native  of  Germany,  was  bom 
in  October.  1848,  and  was  given  the  advantages 
of  a  college  education.  He  came  to  America  in 
1868,  and  was  employed  by  the  Chicago.  Burling- 
ton and  Qumcy  railroad  company  as  civil  en- 
gineer, until  1870 ;  then  two  years  for  the  Mis- 
souri, Iowa  and  Nebraska  railroad,  and  three 
years  in  the  office  of  the  latter  company  serving 
as  auditor.  After  this  he  went  in  business  for 
himself,  and  is  now  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Clark 
and  Mackroth,  dealers  in  agricultural  implements. 
Mr.  Mackroth  resides  at  1408  Nicollet  Avenue. 
He  was  married  in  1875  to  Belle  Kelso.  Their 
children  are  Otis  and  Stuart. 

1).  A.  Macurdy,  born  at  Dunbarton,  New 
Ilampshke,  in  1832.  For  many  years  he  kept  a 
general  store  in  liis  native  state.  August  11th, 
1862  he  enlisted  in  the  Fourteenth  New  Hamp- 
shire Yolunteers  as  private,  and  was  promoted  to 
captain  :  he  was  honorably  discharged  July  28th, 
1865.  He  went  to  St.  Paul  in  November,  1878, 
and  after  a  residence  of  a  few  months  there,  re- 
moved to  this  city.  In  June,  1879,  he  was  em- 
ployed by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul 
railroad  company  and  has  has  charge  of  shipping 
the  lumber  from  this  point.  He  married  Salome 
Fellows  in  1852.  They  have  buried  their  three 
children. 

C.  Madson,  a  native  of  Denmark,  was  born 
October  11th,  1849.  He  came  to  tlie  United 
States  in  1871,  and  located  at  St.  Paul.  Here- 
moved  to  Minneapolis,  and  was  employed  m  the 
Nortli  Star  Woolen  Mills  until  the  spring  of  1876; 
in  September  of  that  year  he  started  in  the  gro- 
cery trade  in  partnership  with  Mr.  Johnson. 
They  own  the  property  tliey  are  occupying,  No. 
1216  \Vestern  Avenue.  Mr.  Madson  was  mar- 
ried in  1879  to  Lotta  Johnson. 

Louis  Maeder  was  born  in  Switzerland.  Janua- 
ary  1st,  1831.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1854,  and  passed  a  few  months  in  Ohio  and  two 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


587 


years  in  Indiana;  then  spent  six  years  in  Wiscon- 
sin in  tlie  brewing  business.  In  1862  lie  came  tn 
this  city  and  liept  the  toll  house,  at  the  bridge 
near  Orth's  brewery,  some  time,  and  in  1865  be- 
came proprietor  of  the  hotel  where  he  now  is,  at 
229  Main  street,  N.  E.  His  marriage  witli  The- 
resa Schab  took  place  August  2d,  1862.  They  have 
had  five  children:  Elizabeth,  Josephine,  Cliarles, 
Albert  and  Louis. 

W.  I).  Mahaffy,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  born 
September  25th,  1848.  He  was  educated  at 
Queen's  College,  Belfast.  On  leaving  school  he 
removed  to  Canada,  and  located  in  Toronto, 
where  lie  carried  on  an  extensive  painting  and 
decorating  establishment.  In  July,  1880,  he 
came  to  Minneapolis,  and  contemplates  making 
this  his  home. 

Mrs.  B.  Mahoney  is  the  owner  and  landlady  of 
the  Excelsior  House,  situated  at  the  corner  of 
Second  street  and  Second  Avenue.  This  house 
was  built  in  1872;  it  is  33x60  feet  and  two  stories 
in  height.  Mrs.  Mahoney  was  left  a  widow  in 
1871,  with  a  family  of  seven  children. 

Captain  Lewis  Maisli  \\as  born  July  2d,  l.slO, 
at  York,  Pennsylvania.  When  sixteen  years  of 
age,  he  was  apprenticed  to  the  Variety  Iron 
Works  of  York,  and  served  there  four  years.  In 
August,  1860,  he  took  an  active  part  in  organiz- 
ing a  company,  and  was  appointed  second  lieu- 
tenant of  Company  B,  Eighty-seventh  Regiment 
Pennsylvania  A^olunteers;  he  was  promoted  to 
captain  in  October,  1863.  In  June,  1861,  he  was 
captured  and  held  as  a  prisoner  of  war  for  nine 
months;  then  he  made  his  escape,  and  was  mus- 
tered out  of  service  in  April,  1865.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1867,  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  has  since 
been  in  business  here;  he  is  a  member  of  the  firm' 
of  Hashow,  Maisli  and  Davis  of  the  Variety  Iron 
Works.  Mr.  Maish  was  married  in  1863  to  Jen- 
nie Gaenslen,  Their  only  living  child  is  Xettie. 
Mrs.  Maish  was  well  known  by  many  of  the  sick 
and  wounded  soldiers  for  whom  she  cared.  For 
Iier  persistence  in  aiding  the  wounded  Union  sol- 
diers, she  was  arrested,  by  order  of  a  rebel  gen- 
eral, and  sent  with  forty-four  Union  ladies  to 
Richmond,  and  incarcerated  in  "Castle  Thun- 
der" until  exchanged. 

August  Malnisten,  a  native  of  Sweden,  was 
liorn  in  1844.  He  learned  the  trade  of  machinist 
in  the  old  countrv,  and  in  18G9  came  to  America. 


He  located  in  Minneapolis  and  worked  at  his 
trade  with  different  firms,  until  he  engaged  in 
business  for  himself.  He  was  married  in  this 
city,  in  August,  1871,  to  Miss  Annie  Johnson. 
Their  children  are :  Mary,  Nellie,  Annie  and 
Jennie.  The  family  reside  at  1121,  Eighth  street 
south. 

William  Marriott  was  born  in  Nottingham, 
England,  Marcli  27th,  1832.  He  came  to 
America  in  1849,  and  served  an  apprenticesliip 
in  Henry  Diston's  saw  works  at  Philadelphia. 
After  learning  his  trade  he  began  business  in 
company  with  Henry  Diston,  at  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
manufacturing  saws,  files,  etc.  He  made  and 
lost  a  large  fortune,  then  became  discouraged 
and  retired  from  business  for  six  years,  during 
which  time  he  invented  Marriott's  celebrated 
boiler  compound.  He  came  to  this  city  in  1879, 
and  was  employed  by  different  firms  until  1880, 
when  he  again  went  into  business,  manufactur- 
ing all  kinds  of  saws,  at  No.  256,  Sixth  Avenue 
south. 

Albert  Marsh,  born  in  Aroostook  county, 
Maine,  June  21st,  1840.  He  moved  with  his 
parents  to  Bangor,  where  he  attended  the  public 
schools  until  1858,  when  he  entered  Kent's  Hill 
College,  and  graduated  in  the  spring  of  1861. 
Soon  after  leaving  school  he  enlisted  in  the 
Second  Maine  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  was 
wounded  at  the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run,  and 
taken  prisoner,  but  was  paroled,  and  returned 
just  in  time  to  participate  in  the  battle  of  Fred- 
ericksburg; another  time  when  he  was  captured 
he  made  his  escape  by  swimming  a  river.  His 
regiment  was  mustered  out  in  June,  1863,  and 
the  following  Septemljer  he  re-enlisted.  He  re- 
ceived four  wounds,  and  was  several  times  taken 
prisoner,  and  served  until  honorably  discharged 
in  1866.  He  came  here  in  1878,  and  since  the 
fall  of  1879  has  served  on  the  police  force. 
His  wife  was  Eva  Sumner.  Their  children  are: 
Arnold  and  Fred. 

Jacob  Marten  was  born  in  (ierniany,  in  1838. 
He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1864,  and  lived 
one  year  in  Carver  county,  Minnesota,  engaged 
in  farming.  In  1865  he  came  to  this  city,  worked 
about  five  months  in  a  brewery,  then  was  em- 
ployed in  the  woolen  mills  nearly  five  years,  and 
passed  two  years  in  the  teaming  business.  In 
1872  he  erected  the  buildmg  at  1501  AVashington 


588 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Avpnue  south,  and  for  four  years  kept  a  grocery 
and  feed  store.  In  the  summer  of  1880  he  built 
at  1507  Washington  Avenue  south,  where  he  is 
now  located.  Jle  married  Mena  Copul  in  1867. 
Their  children  are:  Anna,  Mary,  Amelia,  Lillian, 
John,  and  William. 

II.  jNI.  Martin  came  to  jNIinneapolis  in  1857,  and 
worked  at  printing  until  1861,  when  he  enlisted 
and  served  three  years  in  the  First  Minnesota 
Volunteers;  afterwards  two  years  on  tlie  frontier. 
In  1866,  he  returned  to  this  city  and  again  en- 
gaged in  printing  until  1868,  when  he  took  up  his 
present  business.  He  is  located  at  209  Xicollet 
Avenue,  and  deals  in  soda,  mineral  and  excelsior 
wat«'s.  October  7th,  1866,  he  married  Matilda 
Peterson.  They  have  had  four  children;  only  two 
are  living. 

Mahlon  Martindell,  a  native  of  Lambertville, 
New  Jersey  was  born  April  20th,  1839.  He 
learned  carpentering,  and  in  1870,  moved  to  Iowa, 
where  he  remained  one  and  one-half  years.  In 
1872,  he  came  here  and  worked  in  the  Washburn 
A  mill,  and  has  since  been  employed  as  mill- 
wright at  the  different  mills  of  this  city.  On  the 
18th  of  January,  1866,  his  mariage  with  Kachel 
Dalrymple  took  place.  Five  children  have  been 
born  to  them.  Harry,  Ella,  Laura,  Leva,  Lille 
and  Bessie. 

Col.  Hans  Mattson,  editor  of  tlie  Stats  Tidning, 
was  born  in  Onestad,  Sweden,  I)t;cember  23d, 
1832.  He  received  his  primary  education  at 
Christianstf-d,  Sweden,  and  at  the  age  of  seven- 
teen, entered  military  service.  Two  years  later 
he  left  the  service  and  emigrated  to  the  United 
States,  arriving  in  June,  1851.  He  engaged  in 
various  occupations  in  the  eastern  states,  and  the 
second  winter  in  this  country,  he  mastered  the 
English  language.  His  parents  came  to  this 
country  in  1853,  and  together  they  went  to  Illi- 
nois. In  August  of  that  year,  he  located  with  a 
colony  of  his  countrymen,  in  Goodhue  county. 
^Mimiesota,  and  at  once  took  a  prominent  position 
in  the  public  affairs  of  his  township.  He  specu- 
lated in  lots  and  lands  until  the  crash  of  1857, 
which  left  him  in  debt.  He  then  began  the 
study  of  law  with  Warren  Bristol,  now  a  judge 
in  Arizona  territory,  and  after  one  year  was  ad- 
mitted to  practice.  He  occupied  several  promi- 
nent offices  in  Goodhue  county,  and  on  the  break- 
ing out  of  the  war,  enlisted  as  captain  of  Com- 


pany D,  Third  ^Minnesota  Infantry.  Was  pro- 
moted through  the  intervening  oflices,  and  came 
home  in  1865  as  colonel  of  his  regiment.  He  then 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  until  1866,  when  he 
went  to  Chicago  as  editor  of  a  Swedish  newspa- 
per. January,  1867,  he  returned  to  Minnesota  as 
secretary  of  the  state  board  of  immigration,  and  in 
1869,  was  elected  secretary  of  state,  but  went  to 
Europe  in  tlie  interests  of  railroad  corporations, 
before  his  term  expired,  llemained  in  Europe 
four  years,  and  returned  to  this  state,  and  has 
since  resided  in  Minneapolis.  He  is  chief  edi- 
tor of  the  Stats  Tidning.  a  Swedish  newspaper, 
and  general  manager  of  the  Swedish  Tribune  of 
Chicago.  He  was  married  November  23d,  1855, 
in  the  town  of  Vasa,  Goodhue  county,  to  Chers- 
tin  Peterson,  who  was  born  in  Sweden,  April  oth, 
1838.  Their  marriage  ceremony  was  the  first 
performed  in  that  township.  After  passing 
througli  many  hardships  in  the  course  of  his  life, 
he  is  now  enjoying  the  comforts  of  a  happy  home. 

Paul  Marto,  born  January  7th,  1848,  in  Ver- 
mont. In  1861  he  went  to  Fort  Plain,  Xew  York, 
and  remained  until  he  enlisted,  in  1862,  in  the 
one  lunidred  and  twenty-eiglith  New  York  Yu\- 
unteers.  After  serving  three  years  he  returned 
to  Fort  Plain,  and  for  live  years  was  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  cigars.  In  1870  he  removed 
to  Minneapolis.  He  continued  in  the  cigar  busi- 
ness about  two  years,  then  went  back  to  New 
York  for  a  short  time,  and  thence  to  Bennington, 
Vermont,  where  he  resided  until  1878,  when  he 
once  more  came  to  this  city,  and  went  into  business 
at  No.  53  Central  Avenue.  He  married  Amanda 
Clapper,  in  1869. 

George  Maskell,  a  native  of  England,  was  bom 
January  lltli,  1839,  in  Essex  county.  In  1873  he 
came  to  the  United  States,  and  first  located  in 
Clay  county,  Minnesota,  where  he  was  employed 
in  farming  until  1874.  He  then  came  to  this  city 
and  opened  the  lirst  meat  stall  in  the  new  market, 
where  he  is  still  located.  Mr.  Haskell's  family 
consists  of  a  wife  and  one  son. 

William  Massolt,  born  January  1st,  1831,  in 
Germany.  In  1850  he  moved  to  Pennsylvania, 
and  lived  at  AUentown  until  1854,  when  he  went 
to  Seneca  county,  Ohio.  The  year  following  he 
came  to  this  city,  and  hence  to  Stillwater,  where 
lie  resided  nine  years,  and  then  spent  four  years 
at  Eau  Claire,  Wisconsin.    He  returned  to  Min- 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


589 


neapolis  in  1868,  and  engaged  in  bottling  ginger 
ale,  soda  and  mineral  waters,  etc.  He  is  at  126 
Plymouth  Avenue.  In  1861  lie  married  Mary 
Costmann.  Tlieir  living  children  are  :  Matilda, 
Albert,  Anna,  Augusta,  Willie,  Ida,  Lillie,  and 
Charlie. 

A.  C.  Matthews  was  born  in  Montgomery 
county.  New  York,  February  1st,  1832.  He  went 
with  his  parents  to  Pennsylvania,  and  learned 
carpentering.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  he 
removed  to  Ohio,  and  thence  to  Illinois.  In  1861 
he  enlisted  in  the  Seventeenth  Illinois,  Company 
D,  as  private,  and  was  promoted  to  first  lieuten- 
ant. He  was  several  times  wounded,  and  in 
February,  1863,  resigned  on  account  of  disability. 
At  Winona,  Minnesota,  he  was  engaged  in  car- 
penter work  about  ten  years,  and  removed  to  this 
city  in  1873.  He  was  employed  at  the  Washburn 
"A"  and  '•  B  "  mills  until  July,  1878  ;  since  that 
time  has  been  at  the  "  C  "  mill.  In  1863  lie  mar- 
ried Jenny  Taylor.  Their  children  are  :  Harry, 
Charles,  Frank,  Winnie,  George,  Ernest,  Grace, 
and  a  babe. 

Samuel  Martty  was  born  in  Switzerland,  Feb- 
ruary 25th,  1821.  He  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1848,  and  resided  in  the  state  of  New  York 
until  1852,  wlien  he  removed  to  Dakota  county, 
Minnesota,  and  bought  a  farm.  He  has  made 
Minneapolis  his  home  since  18G2.  In  September. 
1879,  he  opened  a  drug  store  at  103  Plymouth 
Avenue.  Mr.  Martty  married,  in  1846,  Margaret 
Hilflcker.  They  are  tlie  parent-s  of  four  children: 
Mary,  Sophie,  Othmar,  and  Lizzie. 

Nicholas  Mangen  was  born  May  6th.  1856,  in 
Germany.  In  1866  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and 
in  1876  commenced  blacksmithing;  he  also  learned 
the  trade  of  wagon-making,  and  is  now  doing  a 
good  business.  He  was  formerly  in  company 
with  Mr.  Wier.  but  in  December,  1880,  Mr.  Man- 
gen bouglit  his  partner's  interest,  and  is  now 
manufacturing  wagons,  sleighs,  etc.,  besides  do- 
ing general  blacksmithing.  In  1880,  he  married 
Annie  Jaspers,  who  has  borne  him  one  son. 

Nicholas  Mauren  was  born  June  25th,  1842,  in 
Prussia.  He  came  with  his  parents  to  America 
and  located  at  Chicago,  Illinois,  where  he  re- 
mained nine  years.  In  October,  1861,  he  came  to 
Minnesota  and  the  year  following  enlisted  in 
Company  I,  Si.xth  Minnesota  Volunteers.  He 
was  promoted  to  corporal  and  served  three  years. 


being  discharged  with  the  regiment  in  August, 
1865.  On  his  return  he  located  in  Minneapolis, 
and  has  since  resided  here,  engaged  in  the  manu- 
facture of  barrels,  and  is  the  business  manager  of 
the  East  Side  Co-operative  Barrel  Company.  In 
October,  187 1,  he  married  Anna  Thielen.  They 
are  the  parents  of  live  children. 

E.  M.  May,  a  native  of  New  York,  was  bom 
Febniary  25th,  1829,  in  Madison  county.  When 
comparatively  young,  he  learned  the  confection- 
ery business  at  Troy,  New  York,  and  has  fol- 
lowed it  ever  since.  In  1874  he  came  to  Minne- 
apolis and  has  become  very  popular  here  as  a 
confectioner  and  caterer.  His  marriage  with 
Lydia  Smith  took  place  in  1851.  at  Oxford,  Che- 
nango county.  New  York.  Their  family  consists 
of  two  sons  and  oiie  daughter. 

J.  B.  JNIaynard  was  born  in  Montreal,  Canada, 
January  19th,  1845.  He  learned  milling  at  home 
and  in  1869  moved  to  Bochester,  New  York,  and 
worked  at  liis  trade  there  five  years.  After  a 
residence  of  two  years  in  Illinois,  he  returned  to 
Bochester,  thence  to  Toronto,  Canada,  and  in 
January,  1879,  came  to  Minneapolis.  Since  June, 
1880,  he  has  had  charge  of  the  North  Star  mill. 
His  wife  was  Harriet  Grieve,  whom  he  married  hi 
1875.    She  has  borne  him  two  children. 

S.  McAninch  was  born  in  Licking  county, 
Ohio,  December  6th,  1846.  He  accompanied  his 
parents  to  Valparaiso,  Indiana,  in  1855.  In  1861 
he  enlisted  and  served  three  years  in  the  war  of 
the  rebellion,  participating  in  the  battles  of  Nash- 
ville, Altoona,  Atlanta,  Dalton  and  many  others. 
After  leaving  the  army  lie  lived  in  Indiana  five 
years,  then  went  to  Michigan  and  was  employed 
in  a  barrel  factory  there  three  years.  In  1873  he 
came  to  this  city  and  was  in  a  planing  mill,  and 
worked  for  Bisbee  and  Moses  until  1877,  since 
which  time  he  has  been  running  stationary  en- 
gines fordifferent  parties.  He  married  Ida  Hun- 
ter in  1870.    Their  children  are:  Harry  and  Orvil. 

William  McArdlewas  born  in  Ottawa,  Canada, 
October  5th,  1848.  He  moved  to  the  state  of 
New  York  in  1865,  and  lived  there  two  years.  In 
1867  he  spent  a  short  time  in  Kansas  in  the  cattle 
herding  business.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  and 
engaged  in  lumbering  until  May,  1880.  since  then 
has  been  in  the  saloon  business  with  Mr. 
Walker.  July  28th,  1879,  he  married  Miss  Kate 
nice,  who  has  borne  him  one  child,  Susan  Kate. 


590 


BISTORT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Joseph  McCartin.  a  native  of  Lonsdale.  Rhode 
Island,  was  bom  November  26th,  1857.  When  a 
boy.  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Minneapolis, 
and  since  1866  has  been  in  the  Union  mill,  witli 
the  exception  of  two  yeai-s  that  he  was  employed 
in  the  Xorth  Star  woolen  mills. 

Eev.  Tliomas  ^leClary.  pastor  of  the  Fii-st 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  was  born  in  Canada 
in  1841.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  in  1859,  and 
appointed  to  Eureka  in  1860.  on  a  salary  of  fifty 
dollars;  to  Glencoe  one  year,  having  a  revival 
and  making  many  additions  to  the  church.  At 
Shelbyville  one  year.  St.  Peter  and  Cleveland  one 
year,  at  Morristown  for  two  years,  then  to  Anoka 
for  three  years.  Red  AVing  two  years.  Then  to 
the  Seventh  street  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
for  three  yeare.  during  which  time  the  member- 
ship was  increased  from  about  sixty  to  three 
hundred. '  During  that  time,  organized  the  Wash- 
ington Avenue  Methodist  Church,  which  is  now 
in  a  flourishing  condition.  Organized  and  built 
a  mission  chapel  on  the  comer  of  Cataract  and 
Thud  streets,  also  organized  and  built  a  mission 
chapel  on  the  comer  of  Eighteenth  Avenue  south 
and  Twenty-second  street.  From  the  Seventh 
street  church  he  was  transferred  to  the  upper 
Iowa  conference  as  pastor  of  the  Fu-st  Methodist 
Episcopal  church  at  Davenport.  Then  trans- 
fened  back  to  ^Minnesota  and  stationed  at  Man- 
kato  for  three  years,  paying  in  that  time  fifteen 
hundred  dollare  of  the  floating  debt,  and  adding 
by  conversion,  some  two  hundred  membei-s  to  the 
church.  Commenced  about  tliat  time  a  coui-se  of 
temperance  and  literary  lectures.  Among  his 
popular  ones  are:  '-Diana  of  the  Ephesians,"' 
■•Henry  Wilson,"  "Struggle  for  a  Home,"  '-Joan 
of  Arc."  and  "Sunshine  in  Labor."  Among  the 
many  incidents  of  his  eventful  life  we  cannot  re- 
frain from  mentioning  the  following:  Weary  of 
traveling  on  foot  over  his  large  circuit,  he  bought  \ 
a  horse  for  thirty-seven  dollars,  paying  teji  dollare 
down,  then  a  harness  had  to  be  improvised :  some 
scraps  of  leather  were  obtained  and  with  tow 
strings  for  buckles  and  using  an  old  piece  of  the 
britching  of  an  old  harness  for  a  breast  plate  and 
a  bed  cord  for  reins  and  a  jumper  for  a  sleigh, 
with  a  white  hat  on  his  head  and  a  pair  of  green 
goggles  on  his  nose,  our  hero  in  the  cause  of  j 
Methodism  started,  earning  witli  him  in  his 
primitive  rig  at  times,  all  there  was  of  Methodism. 


At  another  time,  the  ladies  made"  out  of  an  old 
three  cornered  blanket,  a  coat  for  him.  with  the 
broad  stripe  around  the  bottom.  When  at  an- 
other place  a  broken  merchant  gave  him  a  cut- 
away coat  with  the  sleeves  much  too  short  for 
him,  which  he  wore  for  a  while  and  then  traded 
with  a  Pennsylvania  farmer  for  a  capacious  shad- 
bellied  one,  which  was  afterwards  cut  up  and 
made  into  a  vest  for  him.  At  another  place  he 
received  for  a  year's  preaching  one  hundred  ears 
of  corn  and  two  chickens,  and  had  to  catch  them 
himself  and  carried  them  six  miles  on  horseback 
to  get  them  cooked.  At  one  collection  on  a  very 
important  occasion,  after  the  contents  of  the  con- 
tribution box  had  been  carefuUy  examined  and 
finding  only  a  few  pennies  and  a  button  or  two 
in  it.  he  with  much  gra\1ty  of  manner  told  them 
it  was  not  worth  a  benediction,  and  dismissed  the 
congregation  without  it.  Married  ^Iiss  Lizzie 
Fowble  of  Ohio.  They  have  four  children:  Clar- 
ence O.,  Clara  II..  Ella  Zue  (the  elocutionist),  and 
Corrhie. 

S.  J.  McCarty  wasborn  in  Ireland.  April  Ttli. 
1841.  He  came  to  America  with  his  parents  in 
1847,  and  located  at  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania. 
At  the  age  of  seventeen,  he  commenced  learning 
the  machinisfs  trade,  and  in  1857.  moved  to 
ileeker  county.  Minnesota,  but  in  about  three 
yeare  he  returned  to  Pittsburgh  and  worked  at  his 
trade  until  18')2.  when  he  came  to  ilinnesota  and 
tauglit  school  in  Meeker  county.  In  the  sprmg 
of  1869,  he  came  to  this  city  and  was  employed 
four  months  in  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St. 
Paul  Railroad  shops,  then  worked  six  years  as 
foreman  of  the  Xorth  Star  Iron  Works,  and  for 
over  two  years  was  O.  A.  Pray"s  foreman.  Since 
June,  1880,  he  has  been  working  at  mill  machinery, 
forging  and  general  blacksmithing.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  18S5  to  Lizzie  Campbell,  who  died  in 
1878,  leaving  four  children. 

A.  S.  McCulloch  was  born  m  1836.  in  Cumber- 
land county.  Pennsylvania.  Until  twent\-five 
years  of  age,  he  lived  on  a  farm,  then  engaged  in 
mercantile  business  six  years,  and  was  for  a  time, 
treasurer  and  collector  for  the  Ilarrisburg  and 
Potomac  Railroad  Company.  He  came  to  Min- 
neapolis in  1874,  formed  a  partnership  with  D. 
M.  Gilmore,  and  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
furniture.  Their  factory  is  located  in  South  :Min- 
neapolis. 


BIOOBAFHICAL. 


591 


M.  McCune,  a  ilative  of  Ohio,  was  born  in  1837. 
He  moved  to  Ripon,  Wisconsin,  in  1S54,  and  work- 
ed at  fanning  twenty  years;  he  tlien  went  to  Aus- 
tin, Minnesota,  and  resided  until  October,  1880, 
when  he  came  to  this  city,  and  started  in  the  res- 
taurant and  lodging-house  business  at  18  Wash- 
ington Avenue  north. 

Ernest  McDonald  was  born  December  14th, 
1848,  in  Maine.  lie  came  west  when  a  child  and 
located  at  Brooklyn,  in  18.53.  He  removed  to 
Minneapolis  in  1859;  was  in  the  grocery  business 
and  working  in  tlie  pineries  until  1875,  when  he 
opened  a  restaurant  on  Nicollet  Avenue;  lie  re- 
mained there  about  three  years,  then  moved  to 
his  present  location,  Boston  Oyster  House  No. 
200  Hennepin  Avenue.  His  wife  was  Annie 
Lewis.     Tlieir  children  are  Nellie  and  Minnie. 

Francis  S.  McDonald  was  born  June  10th,  1835, 
in  Cumberland  county,  Maine.  At  the  age  of 
seventeen  he  went  to  Saccarappa,  and  worked  in 
a  cotton  factory  through  the  summer,  and  in  the 
fall  removed  to  Lewiston,  where  he  was  employed 
in  the  same  way.  After  spending  one  year  in 
Massachusetts,  he  came  to  Minnesota.  Served 
one  term  as  coiuity  commissioner  of  Wright 
county,  and  was  assessor  of  Otsego.  In  1861  he 
enlisted  as  private  in  the  Third  Minnesota  Vol- 
unteers, and  was  promoted  to  orderly  sergeant. 
He  had  command  of  his  company  in  the  Indian 
campaign,  and  was  commissioned  second  lieuten- 
ant. He  re-enlisted  in  Hatch's  Battalion,  and 
was  detailed  as  cleik  in  the  draft  rendezvous  at 
Fort  Snelling  until  1865,  when  he  was  mustered 
out.  In  180(1  he  was  appointed  postmaster,  which 
office  he  held  about  live  years,  when  he  resigned. 
In  1868  he  come  to  this  city,  and  was  employed 
by  different  parties  until  1874,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed deputy  and  afterwards  elected,  county 
auditor.  He  was  married  in  1857,  to  Elizabeth 
Spencer.  Their  children  are :  Mary,  Frank, 
Charles,  and  Nellie. 

James  McDaniel  was  born  in  Madison  county. 
New  York,  December  1st,  1847.  He  went  to 
Manlius,  Onondaga  county,  in  1864,  to  learn  the 
milling  business,  and  worked  there  fourteen 
months.  He  then  returned  to  Madison  comity 
for  one  and  one-half  years,  and  after  residing  in 
Oneida  coiuity  about  a  year,  he  went  to  Cazenovia. 
His  next  move  was  to  Dexter,  Michigan,  where 
lie  remained  two  years,  and  in  March,  1874,  came 


to  this  city.  He  worked  several  years  in  the  A 
and  B  mills,  and  now  occupies  the  position  of 
head  miller  in  the  C.  In  1878  he  married  Fannie 
Robie,  who  has  borne  him  one  child,  Albert. 

John  McDonald  was  born  November  2d,  1830, 
in  Maine.  In  1847  he  went  on  a  whaling  expedi- 
tion. After  two  years  experience  lie  gave  up  this 
business,  and  sailed  for  San  Francisco.  They 
were  totally  wrecked  on  the  coast  of  Panama,  but 
were  picked  up  by  another  vessel  and  continued 
their  journey.  He  traveled  about  from  Califor- 
nia to  the  Sandwich  Islands,  China,  Cape  Horn, 
and  Columbia,  until  1850,  when  he  went  to  Bos- 
ton, thence  to  Mobile,  and  In  1852  he  came  to 
Minnesota  and  made  a  claim  of  160  acres  in 
Wright  county,  which  he  sold  two  years  later, 
and  came  here.  In  1861  he  enlisted,  and  since 
being  honorably  discharged  has  divided  his  time 
between  running  as  pilot  on  the  upper  Mississippi 
and  lumbering.  He  married  ^Slary  J.  Wood,  in 
1862.  Of  their  three  children  but  one  is  living. 
Addle  C. 

John  W.  McDonald,  born  January  17th,  1842, 
in  Canada.  He  worked  at  milling  there  five 
years,  and  in  1866  moved  to  Faribault,  Minne- 
sota, continuing  in  the  same  business.  He 
then  spent  two  years  at  Clinton  Falls,  nine 
months  at  Mantorville,  one  year  at  Northfield, 
and  in  1871  came  here.  He  was- employed  at  the 
Washburn  B,  the  Zenith,  the  Palisade  and  the 
Humboldt  mills  until  the  explosion,  since  which 
time  he  has  been  at  the  Pettit.  His  marriage 
with  Mrs.  Sarah  Coburn  took  place  in  January, 
1871.    Their  children  are:  Agnes  and  Irving. 

P.  McDonald,  a  native  of  Canada,  was  born 
April  4th,  1848.  He  went  to  Maine  in  1864,  and 
remained  six  months,  then  followed  lumbering 
eiglit  years  in  Michigan,  and  was  two  years  in 
Wisconsin,  engaged  in  the  saloon  and  lumber 
busuiess.  In  1877  he  came  to  this  city,  continu- 
ing in  the  lumbering  business  until  he  opened 
his  sample  room  on  Hennepin  Avenue. 

Father  James  McGolrick,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  is  a  native  of  Tipperary,  Ireland,  where 
lie  received  a  thorough  theological  education  in 
All  Hallow's  College,  Dublin.  Upon  the  com- 
pletion of  his  studies  in  1867,  he  came  to  America, 
remaining  one  year  in  St.  Paul,  where  he  was 
engaged  as  assistant  priest  at  tlie  Cathedral.  In 
1868  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and    soon  there- 


592 


mSTOBY  OF  REKNEPIN  COVNTT. 


after  seemed  the  grounds  on  which  his  house  is 
located;  first  erected  a  small  frame  building  in 
which  services  were  held  until  his  new  church 
the  first  Catholic  church  on  the  West  Side,  was 
built  and  dedicated.  He  has  heen  foremost  in 
every  good  work  connected  witli  liis  society,  and 
is  universally  esteemed  by  the  citizens  of  Min- 
neapolis, irrespective  of  sectarian  association  or 
religious  views. 

S.  X.  McGaughey  was  bom  in  1827,  at  Mount 
Carmel.  Indiana.  In  1847  he  went  to  Decatur 
county,  and  was  in  the  saw-mill  business  nine 
years;  then  moved  to  Minnesota  and  worked  at 
farming  six  or  seven  years.  He  then  passed 
some  months  at  Red  Wing,  dealing  in  wheat,  and 
in  1863  came  to  this  city.  For  a  while  he  was 
employed  in  manufacturing  pumps;  afterward 
spent  two  years  with  the  North  Star  Iron  Works, 
and  one  year  in  the  fence  works,  eince  1875  he 
has  been  in  the  Union  Planing  Mill.  In  1848  he 
maiTied  Isabella  Wynn.  Their  children  are  Vi- 
ola, Margarette  and  Cora. 

William  ilcGregor  was  bom  in  Montreal,  Can- 
ada, March  6th,  1852.  After  receiving  a  liberal 
education  in  Ids  native  place,  he  embarked  in  the 
groceiy  business  in  1875  and  continued  it  until 
coming  to  Minneapolis  in  1879,  when  for  one 
year  he  was  in  the  oil  busuiess.  In  1880  he  bought 
an  interest  in  the  meat  market  of  Salladaand 
Company,  727  Washington  Avenue  south. 

A.  G.  McKenzie,  born  November  11th,  1821,  in 
Beaver  county,  Pennsylvania.  From  1840  until 
1850,  he  acted  as  pilot  of  a  steamboat  on  the 
Ohio  river,  and  then  came  to  St.  Anthony  and 
was  in  the  employ  of  Benson  and  Patterson  in 
the  stage  line.  He  was  in  a  liotel  near  Fort 
Suelling  about  two  years;  then  returned  and 
opened  a  restaurant  in  St.  Anthony.  In  1863  he 
went  East,  but  came  here  again  in  1865,  and  went 
into  the  sutler's  department  at  Fort  Snelling. 
He  passed  eighteen  months  at  the  Black  Hills,  and 
traveled  from  1874  until  1880,  when  he  opened  a 
restaurant  at  113  Central  Avenue.  His  wife 
was  Joanna  Christmas;  their  marriage  took  place 
in  June,  1852.  Three  children  have  been  born  to 
them:  Don  Carlos,  Isaac  and  Harry. 

K.  II.  McLaskey,  a  native  of  New  Bmnswick, 
was  born  in  1844.  He  lived  t«o  years  in  Iowa, 
and  in  1872  removed  to  Minneapolis.  He  was 
in  the  lumbering  business  three  years,  and  for  the 


past  five  years  has  been  connected  w  ith  the  mills 
of  this  city.  July  ISth,  1867,  Mr.  McLaskey 
married  Josephine  Kildea.  They  have  had  five 
children:  Henry.  Frank,  Willie.  Cora  and  Ernest. 

Peter  McKernan  was  Ijorn  in  Ireland,  Decem- 
ber, 1833.  He  came  to  America  in  1848,  and  re- 
ceived his  education  in  New  York.,  In  1857  he 
came  toilinneapolisand  worked  at  farming  until 
1861,  when  he  enlisted  in  Hatch's  battahon  and 
served  until  honorably  discharged  in  1865.  He 
returned  to  this  city,  and  from  1872  acted  as 
street  commissioner,  until  he  entered  the  police 
force,  in  which  he  serves  as  patrol.  In  Februan", 
1857,  he  married  Ellen  Eochford.  Tliey  have 
had  five  children.  Ellen.  Margaret,  Ferrel,  Peter 
and  ilary.    Only  ilary  survives. 

James  McMillan,  a  native  of  Maine,  was  bom 
October  24th,  1856.  in  Oxford  county.  In  1872 
he  came  to  ^linneapolis  and  was  employed  in  the 
North  Star  woolen  mill,  in  the  wool  and  sheep- 
skin department,  until  1876,  when,  with  a  part- 
ner, he  started  in  his  present  business.  They  are 
at  109  First  Avenue  south,  and  deal  in  hides, 
wool,  tallow,  etc. 

James  McMullen  was  born  July  21st,  1824,  at 
Beading,  Pennsylvania.  When  ten  years  of  age 
he  went  as  cabin  boy  on  tlie  bark  White  Oak. 
He  followed  the  sea,  on  various  vessels,  until 
1849,  visiting  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  the  last 
three  years  being  captain  of  vessels  in  the  West 
India  ti-ade.  On  leavung  the  water,  in  1849,  he 
moved  to  St.  Anthony,  with  his  family.  He 
worked  several  yeare  at  carpentering,  and  then 
went  into  the  general  merchandise  business,  with 
H.  Morrison,  at  Pine  Bend.  He  built  a  shingle 
mill  on  the  St.  Anthony  Water  Power  Company's 
dam.  In  1878  it  was  moved  and  his  present  saw- 
mill erected.  Mr.  Mcilullen  was  several  years  a 
member  of  the  St.  Anthony  city  council.  In 
1849  he  married  Charlotte  McKniglit.  who  has 
borne  him  three  children:  the  living  are  Albert 
and  Willie. 

Albert  E.  ^McMullen  was  born  Jime  30,  ISol,  in 
^linneapolis.and  was  one  of  the  first  white  children 
bom  in  this  citv'.  He  attended  the  public  schools 
and  University,  and  assisted  his  father,  who  was 
a  contractor,  until  twenty  years  old,  when  he  en- 
gaged as  book-keeper  and  teller  in  the  Exchange 
and  Savings  Bank.  He  occupied  the  same  posi- 
tions and  that  of  cashier,  in  different  banks  until 


BIOOBAFHICAL. 


593 


1879,  since  tlien  be  has  given  his  whole  attention 
to  the  lumber  mill  in  which  he  is  a  partner ;  he  is 
also  one  of  the  firm  of  Wilcox  and  Co.,  who  own 
a  general  store  at  Big  Stone  Lake.  In  1878  he 
married  Minnie  Wilcox ;  she  has  borne  him  one 
son. 

George  McMullen  was  born  in  March,  1819,  at 
Ottawa,  Canada.  He  learned  the  trade  of  con- 
tractor from  his  father.  In  18.57,  he  left  his  na- 
tive city,  came  to  Minneapolis  and  has  since  fol- 
lowed his  trade  here.  As  an  evidence  of  his 
popularity  and  worth,  we  mention  some  of  the 
leading  buildings  of  the  city  which  he  erected. 
In  1860  he  built  Harrison's  block,  the  oldest  cut 
stone  building  here;  MendenhalFs  bank,  resid- 
ence and  gieen  house ;  T.  A.  Harrison's  house  ; 
the  Centenary  Methodist  Church;  St.  Mark's 
Episcopal  Church;  the  Athena>um  ;  City  Hall; 
Church  of  the  Immaculate  Conception;  Wash- 
burn A  and  C  mill,  two  stone  elevators  belonging 
to  the  Washburn  mills,  tlie  dam  wall  for  Wash- 
burn and  Company,  foundation  for  the  MillerS) 
Association  elevator,  and  Taylor's  mill ;  also  the 
anchors  for  the  suspension  bridge  and  finished 
the  towers ;  he  built  the  stone  arch  bridge ;  North 
Star  Iron  Works ;  the  Pillsbury  A  mill ;  and  is 
now  at  work  on  the  James  Hill  canal. 

R.  S.  McMurdy,  M.  D.,was  born  July,  1824,  at 
Albany,  New  York.  He  received  his  education 
there,  and  graduated  from  the  Albany  Medical 
College  in  1846;  for  several  years  he  was  city 
physician  of  that  place.  He  practiced  for  a  time 
in  Ohio,  and  since  the  spring  of  1873  has  been  in 
Minneapolis.  Dr.  McMurdy  married  in  1847. 
His  wife  died,  leaving  one  cliild,  Robert  C.  His 
second  wife  was  Mary  Pease,  whom  he  married 
in  1873.     They  have  two  children. 

W.  W.  McNair,  of  the  law  lirni  Lochren  Mc- 
Nair  and  Gilflllan,  was  born  in  1836,  in  New 
York.  In  18-54,  he  went  to  Wisconsin ,  and  March, 
1857,  removed  to  this  city.  Soon  after  liis  arrival 
in  Minneapolis,  he  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
the  United  States  territorial  court.  He  has  re- 
peatedly been  nominated  by  his  party,  but  has 
never  held  office,  with  tlie  exception  of  being 
coimty  attorney  in  1861-2,  mayor  of  St.  An- 
thony two  years,  and  several  times  a  member 
of  school  boards.  In  1862,  he  married  Louise, 
sister  of  Hon.  E.  M.  Wilson,  of  this  city.    Tliey 

are  the  parents  of  two  children. 
38 


W.  D.  McNiece,  a  native  of  "Vermont,  was 
bom  October  3d,  1845,  iii  Orange  county.  In 
1861,  he  went  to  New  York  city,  remained  eight 
years.  He  was  four  years  in  the  drug  trade  in 
St.  Lawrence  county,  and  then  returned  to  New 
York  city,  where  he  resided  until  1878,  when  he 
came  to  Minneapolis  and  l)eeame  a  partner  of  Mr. 
Bohan,  in  tlie  boot  and  shoe  business,  104  Central 
Avenue. 

William  McVeigh,  a  native  of  Ottawa  City. 
Ontario,  Canada,  was  born  June  5th,  1839.  He 
came  to  Minneapolis  in  1872,  and  was  in  the  car- 
pet and  dry  goods  business  with  McConnell  and 
Company,  six  years.  In  August,  1880,  he  became 
a  partner  of  Mr.  Kenyon  in  an  extensive  whole- 
sale and  retail  carpet  business. 

Daniel  McWaters  was  born  in  Muirkirk,  Ayre- 
shire,  Scotland.  He  came  to  America  in  1866, 
and  to  Minneapolis  in  1875.  He  engaged  with 
the  North-western  foundry  as  foreman,  and  re- 
mained with  tlie  company  until  the  spring  of 
1880,  when  he  formed  a  partnership  with  R.  Feet 
in  an  establishment  known  as  the  Minneapolis 
Brass  Works.  January,  1875.  he  married  Sarah 
Paul.    They   are  the  parents  of  two  children: 

J.  O.  r.  Meagher  was  born  in  1852,  at  St.  Paul. 
He  went  to  Troy,  New  York,  and  learned  the 
laundry  and  dyeing  business.  He  returned  to 
Minnesota  and  in  1879  bought  the  place  where  he 
is  now  in  business.  No.  26  Second  street  north. 
The  works  are  run  by  steam,  and  it  is  in  every 
way  a  first-class  institution. 

George  H.  Mead  was  bom  at  Waukegan,  Illi- 
nois, in  1847.  He  became  a  resident  of  Minneap- 
olis in  the  fall  of  1865.  He  was  in  tlie  omnibus 
company  twelve  years,  then  formed  a  partnership 
with  Mr.  Robinson.  They  are  now  proprietors  of 
a  livery,  boarding  and  sale  stable  at  220  Third 
street  south. 

Henry  Melstroh  was  born  in  1833,  in  Germany. 
He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1864,  locating 
in  Carver  county,  Minnesota,  and  worked  one 
year  at  tailoring.  In  1865  he  came  to  this  city, 
and  the  next  year  went  to  Stillwater,  where  he 
resided  until  1873.  when  he  returned  to  Minne- 
apolis. In  1876  he  removed  to  his  present  loca- 
tion in  the  American  House,  No.  800,  Marshall 
street.  East  Division.  January,  1869,  he  mar- 
ried Racliel  Macks.  They  have  three  children; 
the  living  are:  Joseph  and  Katie. 


594 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


R.  J.  Mendenliall,  loan  agent,  was  born  in 
Guilford  oounty,  North  Carolina.  November  25th, 
1828.  lie  attended  sdiool  a  few  years  in  New 
England,  then  went  to  Ohio,  and  in  1853  re- 
turned to  North  Carohna.  Tlie  next  year  he 
went  to  New  York,  and  in  1855  to  Iowa  as  civil 
engineer;  the  year  following  he  came  to  this  city, 
and  has  since  been  in  business  here.  On  his 
arrival  in  Minneapolis  he  could  not  find  a  dray 
to  haul  his  trunk  and  was  obliged  to  get  a  wlieel- 
barrow.  Mr.  Mendenhall  was  married  February 
11th,  1858,  to  Abby  Swift,  of  Massachusetts. 
They  have  no  children. 

J.  C.  Menor,  born  December  24th,  1847,  in 
Ashland  county,  Ohio.  lie  learned  the  mill- 
ing business  in  his  native  town,  and  came  to  this 
city  in  1873;  he  remained  only  about  three 
months,  and  went  to  Red  Wing,  where  he  was 
employed  as  second  miller.  He  returned  to  ilin- 
neapolis  in  June,  1874,  and  was  with  E.  V. 
AVhite  two  years.  He  then  went  to  Lanesboro, 
and  remained  until  July,  1878,  when  he  returned 
and  fitted  up  the  Standard  mill,  where  he  has 
since  occupied  the  position  of  head  miller. 

Gregor  Menzel  was  born  in  Bielendorf,  in  the 
province  of  Silesia,  Prussia,  August  21st,  1826. 
For  his  family  record,  see  volume  eleven,  page 
397,  of  American  Cyclopedia.  His  father  died 
before  Gregor's  buth,  but  his  last  request  was 
that  if  his  offspring  was  a  boy,  and  lived,  he 
should  learn  a  trade.  When  five  years  of  age 
he  nearly  lost  his  life  in  a  flood,  which  swept 
away  their  Uttle  home  and  nearly  all  the  property 
his  mother  possessed.  When  ten  years  old  he 
went  on  foot  across  the  mountains  to  Friedeberg, 
Austria,  to  live  with  an  uncle,  and  fulfill  his  fa- 
ther's last  wish.  In  July,  1842,  having  learned 
the  blacksmith's  trade,  he  returned  on  foot  to 
Prussia,  and  went  to  work  in  a  large  machine 
shop,  near  Glatz,  to  learn  the  machinist's  trade. 
After  this  he  considered  it  necessary  to  travel  and 
work  in  different  jilaces,  in  order  to  perfect  him- 
self as  a  mechanic.  He  walked  to  Breslau, 
Frankfort,  Berlin,  Hamburg,  and  Bremen,  being 
employed  in  different  shops.  While  working 
near  the  latter  place,  he  became  acquainted 
with  Henrietta  1).  Roesner,  whom  he  married. 
Soon  after,  they  started  for  this  country,  stopped 
a  short  time  in  London,  and  arrived  at  New  York 
April  7th,  1847.    He  at  once  commenced  work 


with  James  Bogardus,  the  celebrated  inventor 
(see  volume  two,  page  780,  American  Cyclopedia) 
and  worked  for  him  until  August,  1850,  when  he 
removed  to  Alilwaukee.  He  was  given  the  posi-' 
tion  of  foreman  in  the  machinery  department  of 
the  Menominee  Locomotive  Jilanufacturing  Com- 
pany, and  held  the  situation  until  December  1st, 
1854,  when  he  went  into  partnership  with  L. 
Keuck,  and  under  the  name  of  Menzel  and  Keuck, 
carried  on  steam  engine  building.  In  1855,  M. 
and  M.  Stone  bouglit  Mr.  Keuck's  interest,  and 
the  new  firm  name  was  Menzel,  Stone  and  Com- 
pany. They  were  also  extensively  engaged  in 
manufacturing  threshing  machines,  and  in  1855, 
made  the  first  threshing  engine  used  in  the  west. 
The  following  year  he  took  an  active  part  in  poli- 
tics, helped  organize  the  Repidilican  party,  and 
was  the  presidential  elector  from  the  first  district 
of  Wisconsin,  and  cast  his  vote  for  John  C.  Fre- 
mont and  Dayton,  in  the  electoral  college.  On 
the  first  of  February,  1857,  Messrs.  Cummings 
and  Goodrich  bought  the  Stone  interest.  The 
shop  was  moved  and  enlarged,  and  carried  on  un- 
der the  name  of  Menzel,  Cummings  and  Good- 
rich. The  same  year  the  first  elevator  was  built 
in  JSIihvaukee,  by  Angus  Smith  and  Company. 
For  tins  he  manufactured  the  engine,  boiler,  and 
all  the  other  machinery  and  iron  work.  He  also 
made  the  first  mash  machine  driven  by  power  in 
that  city,  for  Y.  Blatz's  brewery.  After  years  of 
prosperity,  came  reverses.  The  financial  crisis  of 
1857,  which  swept  the  whole  country,  relieved 
him  of  all  his  hard  earnings.  He  then  devoted 
his  time  to  inventions.  He  obtained  a  patent  on 
a  steam  boiler,  April  5th,  1859  (see  Patent  Office 
Report  of  1859,  and  for  cut  see  Scientific  Ameri- 
can of  October  1st,  1859),  and  also  on  a  fire  and 
burglar-proof  safe,  April  24th,  18S0  (see  Patent 
Oflice  Report  of  1S60).  One  of  his  large  safes 
was  bought  by  J.  Dean  and  Company  of  this  city, 
in  18G6.  In  the  spring  of  1860,  he  took  an  eight- 
stamp  steam  quartz-mill  to  Colorado,  put  it  in 
operation,  and  returned  with  the  intention  of 
building  another  quartz-mill  to  work  the  claims  he 
secured  in  Colorado ;  but  the  rebellion  broke  out, 
and  his  i)lans  were  frustrated.  In  the  fall  of 
1861,  he  took  charge  of  the  elevator  and  engines 
for  Angus  Smith  and  Company,  and  remained 
with  them  luitil  Jiuie  lltli,  1864,  when  he  accepted 
ed  the  position  of  superintendent  of  the  Bay  State 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


595 


Iron  Maniifactui'ing  Company,  at  that  time  the 
largest  works  of  the  kind  in  Milwaukee.  His  first 
work  there  was  to  bnikl  a  250  horse-power,  low- 
pressure  beam  engine,  it  being  tlie  first  in  that  city, 
and  was  built  for  Mr.  Smith's  new  elevator,  A.  In 
18(i6  the  steam  engine,  boiler,  etc.,  were  built  under 
his  supervision  for  J.  Dean  and  Company's  Pa- 
cific mill,  and  August  16th  of  that  year  he  ar- 
rived in  Minneapolis,  to  put  the  machinery  in  the 
mill.  It  was  accomplished  on  the  8th  of  October, 
and  the  firm  were  so  well  pleased  with  his  work 
that  they  presented  him  with  one  hundred  dol- 
lars, as  a  token  of  appreciation.  He  liked  this 
city  so  well  that  he  determined  to  make  it  his 
home,  in  time.  July  1st,  1868,  he  bouglit  an  in- 
terest in  the  Cream  City  Iron  Works,  in  Milwau- 
kee, and  the  business  was  carried  on  under  the 
name  of  Menzel,  Stowell  and  Company,  until 
November,  1870,  when  he  withdrew  from  the 
firm,  to  come  to  Minneapolis  and  accept  the  posi- 
tion offered  him  as  superintendent  of  the  North 
Star  Iron  Works,  of  this  city.  The  following  is 
some  of  the  work  done  under  his  supervision : 
the  celebrated  saw-mill  of  W.  D.  Wasliburn  and 
Company,  at  Anoka,  also  Isaac  Staples',  at  Still- 
water ;  the  engine  at  the  Nicollet  House,  engine 
and  machinery  in  the  City  Hall,  including  passen- 
ger and  freight  elevator,  the  first  in  the  city  ;  the 
engines  at  Captain  Eollins' saw-mill,  Barnard  and 
Company's  factory,  etc.;  he  also  designed  all  of 
the  above  machinery.  On  the  first  of  April,  1874, 
he  formed  a  partnership  with  his  son,  Charles  G., 
and  D.  C.  Howard,  to  establish  the  Nortliwestem 
Foundry.  The  works  are  located  on  the  corner 
of  Third  street  and  Tenth  Avenue  south,  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railway.  The 
first  gray  iron  castings  were  made  July  13th,  and 
the  first  car-wheels,  first  in  the  city,  were  cast 
October  12th,  1874.  On  the  1st  of  September,  L. 
V.  N.  Blakeman  bought  the  interests  of  C.  G. 
Menzel  and  D.  C.  Howard,  and  the  business  is 
still  carried  on  under  the  name  of  G.  Menzel  and 
Company.  It  may  well  be  said  of  the  firm,  they 
have  a  good,  hard-earned  reputation.  His  family 
circle,  until  their  arrival  here,  was  unbroken,  and 
consisted  of  his  wife  Henrietta,  Maggie  II.,  Car- 
rie M.,  Charles  G.,  Minnie  A., and  Emma  D.;  but 
to  his  great  sorrow,  his  eldest  and  beloved  daugh- 
ter, Maggie  H.,  passed  away,  January  24th,  1872. 
T.  E.  Mercer,  a  native  of  lUinois,  was  bom  at 


Peoria,  June  27th,  1850.  He  came  to  Minneapo- 
lis in  1864,  and  attended  school  several  years,  two 
of  which  were  spent  at  the  University.  He 
moved  to  Grinnell,  Iowa  and  engaged  in  the  hotel 
business  and  followed  it  until  1877,  when  he  re- 
turned to  this  city  and  was  in  the  grocer^'  busi- 
ness until  April  15th,  1880.  He  then  opened  the 
restaurant  and  oyster  house  on  Tliird  street,  be- 
tween Nicollet  and  Hennepin  Avenue.  He  mar- 
ried Emma  Brown,  May  15th,  1872. 

O.  C.  Merriman,  born  Julv  27th,  1827,  in  St. 
LavsTence  county,  New  York.  From  1854  until 
1859  he  resided  in  Wisconsin,  then  removed  to  St. 
Anthony,  and  has  since  been  identified  with  this 
place.  For  a  time  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
law,  but  since  1870  has  been  in  the  lumber 
business ;  he  was  a  member  of  the  firm  of  L.  But- 
ler and  Company.  The  firm  of  Merriman,  Bar- 
rows and  Company,  as  at  present  organized,  dates 
from  April,  1878.  Mr.  Merriman's  wife  was 
Rosanna  Herring  of  St.  Lawrence  county,  New 
York ;  tlieir  marriage  took  place  in  1854.  They 
have  four  boys  and  one  girl  living.    • 

Charles  Metzger  was  born  May  19th,  1842,  at 
Albany,  New  York.  In  1849  he  accompanied  his 
parents  to  Galena,  Illinois,  where  he  lived  until 
1856  ;  in  the  fall  of  that  year  he  came  to  Minne- 
sota and  settled  in  St.  Paul,  wliere  he  learned  the 
painter's  trade.  He  enlisted  in  1861  and  was  dis- 
charged in  1862.  He  re-enlisted  in  1864,  serving 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  Since  1870  he  has 
lived  in  tliis  city  and  been  employed  as  painter 
and  house  decorator.  September  12th,  1865,  he 
married  Charlotte  Halgren  of  Illinois, 

Fritz  Metzke,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  bom 
May  2d,  1827.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1852  and  located  in  Cliicago.  He  was  in  the  hat, 
cap  and  fur  business  until  July,  1880,  when  he 
came  here  and  opened  what  is  known  as  the  Chi- 
cago Exchange,  at  117  Nicollet  Avenue.  In  1854 
he  married  Ino  Kirchner.  They  have  had  seven 
children,  only  two  are  living. 

John  I).  Meyer,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
November  28th,  1820.  He  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1852  and  lived  in  New  York  two  years. 
He  removed  to  St.  Louis  and  two  years  later  to 
La  Crosse,  Wisconsin,  being  all  the  while  engaged 
in  the  dyeing  business.  In  1866  he  came  to  this 
city ;  his  steam  dyeing  establishment  is  at  No. 
2  Hennepin  Avenue.    He  married  Mary  Sefried 


596 


EISTOEY  OF  BENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


November  otli.  1857.  They  have  six  children: 
Amelia,  Mary,  Bertha,  Emma,  Olga  and  John. 

Jacob  Meyrs  was  bom  in  New  York,  June  12th, 
1840.  He  was  employed  in  farming  and  teaming 
nntil  1866.  since  then  he  has  been  a  resident  of 
Minneapolis,  and  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
Meyi-s  and  Davis,  dray  Hne.  In  October,  1870, 
he  married  Carrie  Ilinglesback.  Their  children 
are:  Clara,  Mary  and  Amelia. 

J.  W.  Miehie  was  born  in  Canada,  in  1851. 
His  father  being  a  miller,  he  has  been  in  that  busi- 
ness since  early  boyhood.  In  1876,  he  came  to 
Minneapolis,  and  since  that  time,  has  been  em- 
ployed by  the  Pillsburys  in  the  different  mills. 
His  marriage  with  Delphia  Lawrence,  occurred 
in  this  city.  February  lOtli,  1879.  One  child  has 
been  bom  to  them.  Charles. 

^X.  A.  ]SIiller.  manager  of  the  jSlinneapolis  de- 
partment of  the  Pioneer  Press,  commenced  his 
career  in  a  printing  office,  where  he  ser\'ed  a  reg- 
ular apprenticeship  of  seven  years,  mastering 
every  detail  of  the  business,  but  having  a  love 
for  mercantile  pursuits,  abandoned  the  trade. 
Engaging  in  business,  became  a  traveler,  and,  in 
the  course  of  time,  made  the  grand  circuit  of  the 
globe.  "When  the  war  of  the  rebellion  broke  out, 
he  was  in  Australia,  but  upon  receipt  of  the 
news,  immediately  started  for  home,  and  entered 
the  I'nion  service.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in 
November,  1875,  and  at  once  was  placed  in 
charge  of  the  Minneapolis  brancli  of  the  Pioneer 
Press,  to  which  he  is  at  present  devoting  all  his 
time  and  energies. 

J.  H.  Miller,  a  native  of  Oswego  county,  New 
York,  was  bom  December  9th,  1 852.  He  learned 
the  milling  business  at  home,  and  in  December, 
1872,  came  to  Minneapolis  and  engaged  with  C. 
A.  Pillsbury  as  night  grinder,  after  that,  he 
worked  as  stone-dresser.  He  then  had  charge  of 
the  Empire  mill  six  months,  after  which  he 
worked  one  year  at  the  Pillsbury  mill,  and  since 
August,  1878,  he  has  occupied  the  position  of 
head  miller  at  the  Excelsior. 

J.  "\V.  Miller,  born  April  22d,  1858,  at  Chateau- 
gay,  New  York.  At  the  age  of  fifteen,  he  went 
to  Malone,  learned  the  tinner's  trade,  and  worked 
there  until  1878.  at  which  time  he  removed  to 
this  city.  He  worked  for  Stafford  and  Company 
until  April,  1879,  when  he  started  for  himself  in 
the  stove  and  hardware  business.    In  September, 


1880.  Mr.  Smith  became  his  partner,  forming  a 
young,  enterprising  and  prosperous  firm.  Mr. 
Miller  man-ied  in  1878,  Jennie  Heath.  They 
have  one  child,  Mary. 

AValter  JSIiller,  a  native  of  England,  came  to 
the  United  States  in  1869,  and  located  in  Min- 
nesota City.  He  remained  there  two  years,  en- 
gaged in  milling,  having  learned  that  business  in 
England.  He  then  lived  in  Lanesboro  about  one 
and  one-half  years,  and  from  that  time  was  em- 
ployed in  different  mills  in  this  state  imtil  May 
1880;  since  then  he  has  been  working  as  packer 
in  the  Standard  mill  of  this  city. 

Sylvester  Mills  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1855, 
and  for  seven  years  worked  a  farm  in  this  town- 
ship. He  now  has  a  bowling  saloon  and  bar  at 
16,  Second  street  south. 

David  A.  Milne,  bom  March  15th,  1853,  in 
Canada.  In  1864  he  went  to  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa, 
and  the  next  year  commenced  working  in  a  mill. 
He  removed  to  Nashua  in  1871 ,  and  for  two  years 
had  charge  of  E.  P.  Greely"s  mill;  he  then  came 
to  this  city,  and  was  employed  by  !Mr.  Cahill  one 
year.  In  the  spring  of  1864  he  rented  the  ^loney 
Creek  Mill,  at  Houston,  Minnesota.  From  there 
went  to  Salem,  Wisconsin,  and  in  1877.  returned 
to  Minneapolis.  He  was  with  Washburn  until 
July,  1879,  and  since  then  has  been  at  the 
CJalaxy.  where  he  is  the  head  miller.  He  mar- 
ried Emma  Pattison,  August  19th  1875. 

Charles  A.  Mitchell,  business  manager  of  the 
Tribune,  was  born  in  Cambridge,  Massachusetts, 
September  16th,  1845.  His  first  business  ven- 
ture was  in  connection  with  the  Boston  Gold 
Mining  Company,  in  the  fall  of  1865.  The  com- 
pany sent  him  to  Colorado,  where  he  remained 
two  years  and  six  months.  Thence  he  retumed 
to  Boston,  remained  there  until  June  7,  1869, 
when  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  became  iden- 
tified with  the  newspapers  of  this  city  in  July, 
1873,  first  taking  charge  of  the  circulation  of  the 
St.  Paul  Pioneer,  in  Minneapolis.  He  remained 
with  the  Pioneer,  and  its  successor,  the  I'ioneer 
Press,  until  1876,  when  that  paper  was  consoli- 
dated with  the  Morning  Tribune  and  the  Even- 
ing Mail.  Mr.  Milchell  at  that  time  purchased 
the  circulation,  of  the  ^lail  and  the  Tribune, 
and  continued  the  owner  as  long  as  the  Pioneer 
Press  company  owned  the  Tribune,  and  after  it 
passed  into  the  hands  of  the  present  company, 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


597 


up  to  March  9tli,  when  he  was  made  manager  of 
the  Tribune.  Mi:  Mitchell  was  married  in  No- 
vember, 1878,  to  Miss  Mary  J.  Church,  of  Boston, 
Massachusetts. 

Amos  L.  Miner  was  born  November  27th,  1S87, 
in  Clinton  county,  New  York.  He  lived  with  his 
parents  until  thirteen  years  of  age,  when  he  nent 
to  East  Salem  and  clerked  in  a  store  for  his 
brother,  about  two  years.  He  then  removed  with 
his  brothers  to  Juneau,  Wisconsin,  thence  to 
Horicon,  and  after  one  year  to  St.  Croix  county, 
where  he  learned  the  trade  of  mill-wright.  In 
1862  he  enlisted  in  the  Thirtieth  Wisconsin  Vol- 
unteers, and  served  three  years.  He  came  to  this 
city  in  June,  1866,  and  was  one  year  with  Web- 
ster and  Pray,  then  went  to  Polk  county  and 
worked  a  farm  five  years.  In  1871  he  returned, 
and  for  nearly  two  years  had  charge  of  the  mill- 
furnishing  department  of  Lee  and  Hardenbergh's 
iron-works.  He  invented  a  middlings  purifier, 
and  manufactured  them,  in  partnership  with  Ilar- 
denbergh  and  Fender,  until  October,  1873,  when 
he  sold  his  interest  to  O.  A.  Pray,  and  acted  as 
superintendent  of  the  old  Minnesota  Iron- Works, 
until  Jime  1st,  1878,  when  he  became  a  partner  in 
the  firm  of  O.  A.  Pray  and  Company.  He  mar- 
ried Sarah  Beede  in  1859.  Their  children  are: 
Adella,  Mary,  Lydia  and  Charles;  one  died  in  in- 
fancy. 

John  Mittwer,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  born 
March  30th,  1844.  He  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1868,  and  has  resided  in  Minneapolis  most  of 
the  time  since.  He  worked  at  painting,  and  af- 
terward in  a  hardware  store  until  1875  when  he 
engaged  in  trade  for  himself.  He  owns  the 
building  which  he  now  occupies,  1301  Washing- 
ton Avenue  north,  and  is  doing  a  good  business 
in  hardware.  In  1870  he  married  Frederica 
Weiss,  who  has  borne  him  one  child,  Julius. 

Louis  Moelchert,  born  in  1851,  is  a  native  of 
Prussia.  In  1873  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and 
was  employed  for  five  years  in  the  hardware 
trade,  part  of  the  time  selling  goods  on  the  road. 
In  June,  1879,  he  fitted  up  and  opened  his  present 
place  of  business,  503  Washington  Avenue  nortli. 
His  wife  was  Miss  Anna  Brown  ;  their  marriage 
occurred  in  1875.  They  are  the  parents  of  two 
children:  Etta  and  Minne. 

E.  Mohr,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born  in  1854. 
He  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1871,  and 


located  at  Sheboygan,  Wisconsin.  In  1879  lie  re- 
moved to  Minneapolis  and  engage!  in  the  bakery 
business  at  the  corner  of  Fif  tli  street  and  Sixth 
Avenue  south.  His  marriage  with  Mary  Toi-pe 
occurred  September  30th,  1877.  They  have  two 
children:  Paul  and  Minnie. 

A.  P.  Molin,  is  a  native  of  Sweden,  born  April 
3d,  1851.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1869, 
making  Cliicago  his  liome  two  years.  After  taking 
a  tour  throughout  the  country  he  came  to  this  city 
in  1873,  and  has  since  made  this  his  place  of  resi- 
dence. In  1876  he  became  one  of  the  partners  in 
the  firm  of  Ryberg  and  Company  in  the  Stockholm 
meat-market. 

M.  C.  Mooney  was  born  October  29th,  1854,  at 
Newport,  Vermont.  In  1866  he  went  to  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  and  worked  at  the  meat  trade  in 
Faneuil  Hall  Market,  and  in  the  same  business  at 
Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  until  March,  1879, 
when  he  removed  to  ^ilinneapolis,  and  in  August 
of  the  year  following,  bought  an  interest  in  the 
firm  of  Barker  and  Company,  717  Washington 
Avenue  south. 

Professor  John  G.  Moore  was  born  in  Germany 
in  November,  1848.  His  father  dying,  Mr.  Moore 
in  1863,  came  to  America  with  his  guardian,  and 
went  to  Oswego  county,  New  York.  At  the 
close  of  the  war.  he  made  a  tour  through  the 
South,  and  then  went  to  New  Haven,  Connecticut. 
After  attending  sjhool  for  a  time,  he  returned  to 
Oswego  county,  entered  the  academy  at  Mex- 
ico, where  he  fitted  for  college,  and  entered  Cor- 
nell University  whence  he  graduated  after  a  four 
years  course.  After  graduating,  he  held  the  po- 
sition of  instructor  in  German  in  Trumansburg 
Academy,  in  Tompkins  county,  for  two  years. 
In  1873  he  received  an  offer  from  the  State  Uni- 
versity, which  he  accepted,  and  after  being  em- 
ployed as  instructor  in  German  for  two  years  was 
appointed  Professor  of  German,  which  he  still 
retams.  Professor  Moore  was  married,  in  1877, 
to  Miss  Anna  Cole  of  Sene  a,  New  York.  They 
have  one  child,  William  C. 

H.  G.  O.  Morrison  was  born  in  Livermore, 
Maine,  January  24th.  1817.  In  the  spring  of 
1834  he  went  into  a  printing-office  at  Gardner, 
and  from  there  to  Bangor  the  following  Decem- 
ber, where  he  engaged  on  the  Bangor  AV'hig  and 
Courier.  He  graduated  at  the  Bangor  high 
school,  and  read  law  with  Appleton  and  UiU,  the 


598 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


former  now  chief  justice  Appleton.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  fall  of  1838,  and  began 
practice  at  Sebec,  Maine.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Mauie  legislature  in  the  fall  of  1840.  and  served 
in  the  session  of  1841.  He  continued  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  in  Maine  until  1855,  when 
he  came  to  St.  Anthony,  and  two  years  later  went 
to  Dakota  county  and  started  the  town  of  Pine 
Bend,  remaining  there  twelve  years.  He  served 
in  the  legislature  of  Minnesota  during  the  ses- 
sions of  1860-"61.  In  1862  was  appomted  by 
President  Lincoln,  assessor  of  the  internal  rev- 
enue for  the  congressional  district,  which  then 
comprised  the  northern  part  of  the  state,  and 
held  the  position  imtil  186-5  or  1866.  He  moved 
to  St.  Paul  in  1869,  and  remained  until  1872, 
when  he  returned  to  this  city.  AVas  deputy  col- 
lector of  internal  revenue  from  1869  to  1873,  and 
since  then  has  been  in  the  practice  of  law.  He 
is  now  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Morrison  and 
Fitch.  He  was  married  in  1841  to  Maria  F. 
Lovejoy,  of  Maine;  she  died  nine  years  after, 
leaving  no  children.  He  was  married  the  second 
time  at  the  cathedral.  St.  Paul,  to  Rebecca  Xew- 
ell.  They  have  three  children  living,  David 
Whipple.  Samuel  Benjamin  and  Stanford. 

A.  C.  Morrison  was  born  October  10th.  1841,  at 
Xorthfield,  New  Hampshire.  He  came  to  St. 
Anthony  in  December,  1854.  and  worked  with  his 
father  in  liis  mill  five  years;  then  went  to  Castle 
Eock,  Minnesota,  and  worked  on  a  farm  two 
years.  He  enlisted  in  the  Fourth  Minnesota  Vol- 
unteers, and  served  nearly  four  years;  after  being 
mustered  out,  he  returned  to  this  city  and  has 
since  been  employed  in  the  different  mills  here. 
He  has  acted  as  engmeer  for  Wheaton,  Refolds 
and  Company  since  March.  1880.  He  married 
Annette  Carlton  in  July.  1873. 

Clinton  Morrison  was  born  January  21st,  ]842,at 
Livermore,  Maine.  He  was  educated  in  his  na- 
tive town,  and  in  1855,  came  with  his  parents  to 
Minneapolis.  In  1863,  he  engaged  in  the  mer- 
cantile business,  and  afterwards  in  lumber  busi- 
ness; since  1878  has  been  interested  in  the  Min- 
neapolis Harvester  Works,  being  vice-president 
of  the  company.  Mr.  IMorrison  manled  Julia 
Washburn,  of  Massachusetts,  in  February,  1873. 
They  have  one  child,  Ethel. 

Elisha  ^Morse  was  born  Januan-  12th.  1831,  at 
South  Paris,  Maine.    He  went  to  California  in  > 


1852.  remained  about  two  years,  and  removed  to 
Macomb.  lUiuois,  where  he  was  in  the  real  es- 
tate business  until  he  enlisted,  in  1862,  in  Seventy- 
eighth  Illinois  Volunteers  as  private,  and  was 
promoted  to  first  lieutenant.  He  was  captured 
and  held  a  prisoner  seventeen  months;  after  he 
rejoined  his  rej;iment.  he  was  commissioned  cap- 
tain, and  was  honorably  discharged  in  June,  1865. 
The  following  spring  he  came  here,  and  for  a 
time  engaged  in  the  purchase  of  flour  for  eastern 
markets;  then  was  in  the  wholesale  grocerv'  trade 
three  years  with  Messrs.  Stephens  and  Xewell, 
and  has  since  been  doing  an  extensive  real  estate 
and  loan  business.  April,  1859,  he  married  Liz- 
zie Pillsbun,',  who  has  borne  him  six  children; 
the  living  are,  George,  Mary,  Edward,  William 
and  Frank. 

Frank  L.  Morse,  a  native  of  Vermont,  was 
born  January,  1837,  at  Johnson.  April,  1858,  he 
came  to  St.  Anthony.  At  the  first  Minneapolis 
election  he  was  chosen  alderman,  and  was  three 
times  re-elected  to  that  office:  he  was  also  elected 
to  represent  this  district  in  the  legislature  in  1871, 
and  four  times  re-elected.  Mr.  Morse  was  mar- 
ried in  Chicago.  June,  1879,  to  Catherine  Cimi- 
mings,  of  Burlington,  Vermont. 

George  A.  Morse  was  bom  in  Peterborough, 
HUlsborough  county,  New  Hampshire,  July  6th, 
1836.  He  moved  to  Lowell,  Massachusetts,  in 
1852,  and  two  years  later  to  Lewistown,  Maine. 
In  October,  1864,  he  come  to  this  city,  and  the 
year  following,  started  in  the  book  and  stationery 
business;  he  is  located  at  206  Central  Avenue. 
Mr.  Morse's  family  consists  of  a  wife  and  one  son. 

Elias  W.  Mortimer  was  born  at  Hastings.  Eng- 
land. May  34th,  1837.  He  came  to  America  and 
located  at  St.  Paul  in  1855,  working  at  the  baker's 
trade.  In  1863  he  enlisted  in  the  Fifth  Minne- 
sota Infantry  and  ser\ed  until  the  fall  of  1865; 
when  discharged  he  was  orderly  sergeant  of  com- 
pany F.  He  returned  to  Minnesota  and  has  since 
been  employed  by  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and 
Manitoba  railway  company.  He  Is  now  baggage 
agent  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  the  Chi- 
cago, St.  Paul.  Minneapolis  and  Omaha  railway, 
and  general  baggage  agent  for  the  Minneapolis 
and  St.  Louis  railroad.  His  wife  was  Altanice 
Hayford  of  Farmers\'ille,  New  York.  Their 
children  are:  Elias,  Mary  Jane,  Georgia  and  Wil- 
lie. 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


599 


G.  "W.  Mortimer  was  bom  at  St.  Paul,  Minne- 
sota, July  27th,  1857.  He  moved  with  his  pa- 
rents to  Xorthlield,  where  he  worked  three  years 
in  the  packing  department  of  the  Ames  mill.  In 
1870  he  came  to  this  city  and  for  three  years  was 
employed  at  the  Washburn  B  mill ;  he  was  with 
Mr.  Cahill  at  Minnetonka  two  years,  and  one  year 
at  the  Pillsbury  mill  liere.  He  then  removed  to 
Red  Wing  and  was  employed  in  a  mill  there  three 
years,  bnt  returned  to  Minneapolis  in  August, 
1880,  and  went  to  work  at  the  Galaxy.  His  wife 
was  Miss  G.  A.  Foster.  Their  chikh-en  are: 
Chancie  and  Frederick. 

Elias  Moses,  bom  April  18th,  1829,  in  Piscata- 
quis county,  Maine.  He  was  left  an  orphan  at 
the  age  of  fourteen,  and  when  eighteen  years  of 
age  engaged  as  salesman  in  a  general  merchan- 
dise store;  the  next  year  he  went  into  tlie  lumber 
business,  which  he  carried  on,  in  connection  with 
farming,  for  eight  years.  He  came  to  St.  Anthony 
in  October,  1856,  and  has  since  been  in  the  lumber 
trade,  having  been  in  business  for  himself  since 
1860.  He  married  Lydia  Nichols,  of  Maine,  in 
1852.  Their  three  children  have  all  passed  away: 
Hannah,  Herbert  and  an  unnamed  infant.  Jlrs. 
Moses  died  April  4tli,  1879. 

E.  H.  Moulton,  a  native  of  New  York  city,  was 
born  January  10th,  1844.  He  came  to  Minneapo- 
lis in  1872  and  has  been  treasiu-er  of  the  Farmers 
and  Meclianics  Savings  bank  since  its  organiza- 
tion in  1874.  Mr.  Moulton's  wife  was  Harriet 
Skiles;  their  marriage  occured  November  11th, 
1874.    They  have  two  children:  Kate  and  Eder. 

E.  Moulton,  deceased,  was  born  in  1827,  at 
Haviland,  Maine.  He  came  to  St.  Anthony  in 
1849  and  woiked  at  carpentering  fifteen  years. 
Jn  1864  he  established  the  second  planing  mill  on 
the  east  side.  Tlie  firm  of  E.  Moulton  and  son, 
commenced  manufacturing  farm  wagons  in  1879, 
making  a  specialty  of -'The  Moulton  Wagon;"' 
shop  is  at  tlie  corner  of  Division  and  Taylor 
streets,  east  division.  Mr.  Moulton  died  during 
the  winter  of  1880. 

John  B.  Mueller  was  born  in  Bavaria  in  1850. 
He  emigrated  to  America  and  was  twelve  years 
engaged  in  tlie  manufacture  of  Morocco  leatlier, 
at  Milwaukee,  and  at  tlie  same  time  had  an  inter- 
est in  a  New  York  fur  company.  In  1862  lie  re- 
moved to  St.  Paul,  wliere  for  three  years  lie  was 
engaged  in  the  distillery  and   wholesale  liquor 


trade.  May,  1865,  he  came  to  this  city,  and  that 
year  the  comer  stone  of  the  Mueller  and  Ilein- 
ricli  brewery  was  laid  by  Kranzlein  and  Mueller. 
In  1857  he  married  Rosa  Smith,  of  Milwaukee. 
They  have  seven  children. 

Louis  C.  Mueller  was  born  in  Germany,  March 
24th,  1839.  In  February,  1859,  he  came  to  the 
United  States,  and  lived  in  Milwaukee  ten  years, 
employed  as  salesman  for  a  large  dry  goods  house. 
He  removed  with  his  brother  to  Faribault  in 
1865,  and  although  commencing  with  very  little 
capital,  they  have  by  energy  and  persevei'ance, 
built  up  the  leading  dry  goods  house  of  that  place. 
In  1876  Mr.  Mueller  opened,  in  Minneapolis,  the 
German-Scandinavian  Bank,  and  was  president 
of  tlie  institution;  after  paying  all  depositors,  he 
closed  the  bank  in  October,  1878.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Mueller  and  Schulte  since 
June,  1880;  they  deal  in  harness  and  saddlery 
hardware.  Mr.  Mueller  married,  Ln  1868,  Matilda 
Hill.    They  have  one  child:  Cora. 

A.  H.  Mudgett,  a  native  of  Maine,  was  born 
in  1824,  at  Hallowell.  He  moved  to  Boston  in 
1842,  and  Chicago  in  1862,  thence  to  Rochelle, 
and  in  1875,  to  Tiptown.  He  has  been  in  practice 
as  a  veterinary  surgeon  more  than  thirty  years. 
In  April,  1878,  he  came  to  this  city;  his  office  is 
at  410  Fourth  street  south. 

AVilliam  Mulliken,  born  July  19th,  1830,  m 
Steuben  county,  New  York.  He  learned  civil  en- 
gineering and  followed  that  business  in  Oliio  and 
Indiana  until  1856,when  he  went  to  Illinois,  and  in 
1860,  to  Wisconsin.  He  came  to  this  city  in  July, 
1863,  and  was  employed  as  assistant  engineer  on 
the  Minneapolis  and  St.  Paul  Railway  unt  1  De- 
cember, 1865,  when  he  went  to  the  Pennsylvania 
oil  regions.  He  returned  to  Minnesota,  and  lias 
much  of  the  time  since,  been  in  the  real  esUite 
business;  lie  was  in  the  United  States  land  office 
from  1870  to  "74,  and  was  one  year  special  agent 
in  the  pension  department.  In  June,  1880,  he  re- 
turned to  this  city,  and  has  since  been  dealing  in 
pine  lands.  He  married  Sarah  Cortelyon  in  1859. 
They  have  one  child,  Ida. 

Albert  S.  Munger  was  born  March  1st,  1837,  at 
Orwell.  Vermont.  In  1857,  he  moved  to  Water- 
ford,  Minnesota,  and  worked  at  farming  a  num- 
ber of  years;  he  removed  to  this  city  in  1 867  and 
was  engaged  with  George  B.  Wright  on  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad  until  1870,  when  he 


(iOO 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


entered  the  police  force,  and  five  years  later  was 
promoted  to  chief  of  police.  Mr.  Munger  is 
widely  known  as  a  faithful,  vigilant  and  efficient 
officer;  his  office  is  at  the  city  station  house,  iii 
the  rear  of  212  First  Avenue  south.  He  married 
in  1863,  Mary  Kelly,  who  was  a  teacher  in  the 
public  schools  of  Northfield.  They  have  one 
child.  May  Alberta, Lincoln. 

J.  W.  jSIunson.  a  native  of  Maine,  was  born 
February  25th,  1820,  in  the  town  of  Cooper.  He 
learned  the  trade  of  blacksmith  at  East  Machias 
and  worked  there  until  1849,  when  he  Ment  to 
California;  he  remained  only  seven  months,  but 
went  again  in  1852  and  stayed  one  and  one-half 
years.  In  May,  1856,  he  came  to  Minneapolis, 
worked  for  a  man  named  Fenderson  a  short  time, 
and;the  year  following  established  his  own  black- 
smith shop.  December,  1841 ,  he  married  Miss  Ab- 
bie  Munson.    They  have  two  daughters. 

A.  Murphy,  born  December,  1834,  in  Ireland. 
When  nine  years  of  age,  he  came  with  his  par- 
ents to  America,  and  located  in  Senaca  county, 
New  York,  where  he  learned  the  lilacksmith's 
trade.  In  1855,  he  removed  to  St.  Paul,  thence 
to  Minneapolis.  He  has  had  different  partners, 
but  is  now  a  member  of  the  firm  of  ^lurphy  and 
Machmeier;  they  do  general  blacksmithing  at  111 
Main  street  south.  In  November,  1866,  he  mar- 
ried Annie  Fuer.  They  have  had  seven  children, 
one  daughter  is  dead. 

J.  P.  Jilusser  established  his  present  business 
April  15th,  1879.  He  manufactures  patterns, 
wagon  jacks,  step  Irdders,  clothes  dryers,  ironing 
boards  and  barrel  trucks.  His  place  of  business 
is  No.  110  Main  street  and  his  residence  306 
Eighth  street  south-east. 

W.  Muther,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
November  11th,  1836.  He  emigrated  to  the 
United  States  in  1865,  located  at  Minneapolis  and 
engaged  in  contracting,  building  and  architect- 
ure. For  the  past  year  he  has  been  employed  as 
mill-wright  at  the  Crown  Roller  mill.  In  1867 
he  married  Christiana  Brooch.  Their  children 
are:  Leo.  Henry,  Edward,  Ludwig  and  ^Vendlin. 

C.  W.  :Myers  was  born  in  Lewis  county,  New 
York.  AVhen  eighteen  years  of  age  he  com- 
menced to  learn  the  trade  of  blacksmith.  In 
1873,  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  has  since  been 
in  business  here.  He  is  now  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  Myers  and  Jewett.    His  wife  was  Susie 


Ilinton,  whom  he  married  in  1868.  Mrs.  Myers 
died  February  27th,  1877,  leaving  one  child,  Mary 
Helen. 

W.  D.  Myers,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Jladison 
county,  New  York,  February,  1830.  He  was  ed- 
ucated at  Washington,  D.  C,  and  graduated  from 
the  National  University,  medical  department  of 
Columbia  College.  He  was  one  year  surgeon  of 
the  Eighty-eighth  Indiana  Infantry,  and  after 
being  mustered  out,  resumed  his  practice  at 
Waterloo,  Indiana.  December,  1878,  he  came  to 
this  city  and  established  the  Surgical  Infirmary, 
of  which  he  is  surgeon  and  medical  director.  It 
has  thirty  finely  furnished  rooms,  and  is  situated 
on  the  corner  of  Second  Avenue  south  and  Third 
street. 


CHAPTEE  LXXXI. 

BIOGRAPHICAL,  N,  O   AND   P. 

Rev.  Edward  Duffield  Neill  was  the  first  Pro- 
testant clergyman  who  settled  in  St.  Paul.  He 
was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  August  9th,  1823, 
and  is  the  son  of  the  late  Henry  NeUl,  M.  D.,one 
of  the  vice-presidents  of  the  college  of  physicians 
in  that  city.  He  was  a  student  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  and  Amherst  College,  Massachu- 
setts, graduating  in  1842,  at  the  latter  institution. 
His  theological  studies  were  pursued  at  Andover 
Theological  Seminary,  and  under  the  distin- 
guished commentator,  the  Rev.  Albert  Barnes  of 
Philadelphia.  Declining  calls  to  churches  in 
1847,  he  went  to  tlie  neighborhood  of  Galena,  Il- 
linois, where  he  performed  missionary  labor 
among  the  miners.  At  his  own  request  he  was 
transferred  to  St.  Paul,  then  a  small  hamlet,  by 
the  Presbytery  of  Galena,  and  on  the  23d  of  April, 
1849,  arrived  there,  and  at  once  commenced  his 
labors,  and  matle  arrangements  to  build  the  first 
brick  dwelling  in  Miiniesota,  which  is  still  in 
good  preservation,  situated  near  the  comer  of 
Fourth  and  Washington,  opposite  the  Aletropoli- 
tan  Hotel,  St.  Paul.  During  the  first  year  of  his 
residence  ui  St.  Paul  he  also  preached  at  the  falls 
of  St.  Anthony  every  other  Simday  afternoon,  as 


BIOOBAPHICAL. 


tun 


has  been  mentioned  in  the  history  of  Minneapo- 
lis, lie  erected  the  first  Protestant  house  of  wor- 
ship for  the  white  population  of  Minnesota,  at  St. 
Paul,  in  tlie  summer  of  1849.  and  in  Novemljer 
of  the  same  year  organized  tlie  First  Presbyterian 
Church  in  St.  Paul.  In  May,  1850,  the  wooden 
church  building  was  destroyed  by  fire,  and  a  large 
brick  churcli  at  the  corner  of  Tliird  and  St.  Peter 
streets  was  built  in  its  place,  and  is  now  changed 
into  stores.  Eesignlng  the  charge  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  church,  lie  began  to  preach  in  the 
new  and  upper  portion  of  St.  Paul,  where  there 
were  no  churches,  and  in  1855  organized  the 
churcli  known  as  the  "House  of  Hope.'"  now  the 
largest  in  that  city,  of  wliich  the  Rev.  David  R. 
Breed  is  pastor.  He  acted  as  its  pastor  for  five 
years,  when  he  resigned.  Williams,  in  his  -'History 
of  St.  Paul"  writes:  "During  this  period  he  gave 
great  attention  to  educational  and  literary  mat- 
ters. He  was  appomted  territorial  superintend- 
ent of  instruction  in  1851,  and  held  that  office  two 
years.  In  1853  he  organized  and  secured  the  erec- 
tion and  endowment  of  the  'Baldwin  School." 
In  1855  he  secured  the  building  of  the  'College 
of  St.  Paul,"  which  was  for  several  years  a  clas- 
sical academy  for  young  men.  lie  was  at  the 
same  time  secretary  of  the  St.  Paul  board  of  edu- 
cation. For  several  years  he  was  chancellor  of 
the  State  University.  He  was  also  state  suiierin- 
tendent  of  public  instruction  from  1858  to  1864, 
and  secretary  of  the  Historical  Society  from  1851 
to  1863."  Hon.  D.  Burt,  state  superintendent  of 
public  instruction,  in  his  report  in  1881  to  the 
legislature  of  Minnesota,  writes:  "The  territorial 
law  of  1851,  requh-ing  the  governor  to- appoint  a 
superintendent  of  scliools,  remained  in  the  statutes 
until  1860.  In  tliat  year,  it  was  enacted,  that 
the  Chancellor  of  the  University,  an  officer 
then  required  to  be  appointed  by  the  board 
of  regents  should  be  ex-offlcio  superintendent. 
This  act  made  E.  D.  Neill  the  first  state 
superintendent  of  public  instruction.  In  tlie 
first  state  report,  he  recommended  the  gen- 
uine township  system,  and  the  appointment  of 
county  superintendents,  and  also  that  the  ap- 
portionment of  school  funds  should  be  made, 
upon  the  number  of  scholars,  attending  tlie  dis- 
trict school.  Two  of  these  early  recommenda- 
tions have  been  realized,  and  the  third  is  yet  to 
come.    The  first  annual  state  report  could  con- 


tain but  few  statistics,  since  territorial  superin- 
tendents had  adopted  no  plan  for  gathering  such 
data.  Mr.  Neill  was  the  author  of  the  first 
teachers"  register  ever  issued  in  the  state,  and  of 
the  first  forms  used  for  reports  on  the  condition 
of  schools.  On  the  7th  of  March,  1861,  a  law 
was  passed  requiring  a  joint  convention  of  the 
senate  and  house  to  elect  a  superintendent  of 
public  instruction  for  a  term  of  two  years.  What- 
ever may  have  been  the  motives  dictating  this 
legislation,  it  could  not  have  resulted  from  any 
general  hostility  to  Mr.  Neill,  for  on  the  same 
day  in  which  the  act  became  a  law,  he  was 
elected,  in  joint  convention,  by  an  almost  unani- 
mous vote,  as  superintendent  of  puljlic  instruc- 
tion, for  two  years.  But  on  the  29th  of  April, 
he  was  appointed  chaplain  of  the  First  Minnesota, 
causing  a  vacancy  in  the  superintendency,  whicli 
the  Governor  filled,  by  requirement  of  the  school 
law." 

In  .June,  1861,  he  accompanied  the  first  troops 
that  left  Fort  Snelling,  for  the  seat  of  war,  as 
chaplain  of  the  First  Minnesota  Regiment,  and 
was  with  that  regiment,  in  the  first  battle  of  Bull 
Run,  and  at  Fair  Oaks,  and  in  the  seven  day"s 
conflict  ending  at  Malvern  Hills.  He  was  then 
appointed  by  President  Lincoln,  Ihiited  States 
hospital  chaplain,  and  assigned  to  one  of  the 
Pliiladelphia  hospitals.  Early  in  1864,  he  re- 
ceived an  appointment  at  the  President's  house, 
in  Wasliington,  as  secretary  to  open  and  arrange 
al.  correspondence,  and  to  sign  land  patents  for 
the  President.  He  continued  on  duty  in  the 
Executive  mansion  until  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Grant,  in  1869,  United  States  consul 
at  Dublin.  He  held  the  consulate  for  two  years, 
tlien  resigned,  and  resumed  his  work  in  JMiiine- 
sota,  wliich  liad  been  suspended  by  the  civil 
war,  as  president  of  tlie  Baldwin  School  and  Col- 
lege of  St.  Paul,  wliich  were  consolidated  by  the 
legislature,  in  1874,  as  Macalester  College,  so 
called,  because  the  late  Charles  Macalester,  of 
Philadelpliia,  bequeathed  to  the  college  the  large 
five  story  stone  edifice,  built  for  a  hotel,  situated 
in  the  East  Division  of  Minneapolis,  overlooking 
the  Falls  of  St.  Antliony. 

In  January,  1874,  ^Ir.  Xeill  was  one  of  the 
first  clergymen  to  unite  in  the  Reformed  Episco- 
pal church  movement,  and,  he  was  instrumental 
in  the  erection  of  Clirist  Churcli,  on  Hennepin 


602 


BISTORT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Avenue,  in  Jlinneapolis,  which  he  still  serves. 
He  has  been  a  frequent  contributor  to  magazines 
and  reviews,  and  has  pubUshed  several  sermons. 
The  following  books  are  also  from  his  pen: 
History  of  Minnesota,  in  1858,  published  by  J. 
B.  Lippincott  and  Company.,  pp.  628;  History  of 
Mmnesota  enlarged,  758  pp..  published  in  1873; 
History  of  Minnesota,  thud  edition,  828  pp.  pub- 
hshed  in  1878,  by  Johnson,  Smith  and  Harrison, 
Minneapolis;  Terra  Mariae,  or  Tlireads  of  Mary- 
land Colonial  History,  J.  B.  Lippincott  and  Com- 
pany. 1867,  pp.  260;  Fairfaxes  of  England  and 
America,  Joel  Muusell,  publisher,  Albany,  1868, 
pp.  234;  Virginia  Company  of  London,  Joel  Mun- 
sell.  pubhsher,  Albany,  1869,  pp.  432;  EngUsh 
Colonization  of  America,  Strahan  and  Company, 
London,  England,  1871,  pp.  352;  Founders  of 
Maryland,  published  by  Joel  Munsell,  Albany, 
1876,  pp.  193;  Minnesota  Explorers  and  Pio- 
neers, for  North  Star  Publishing  Company,  1881, 
pp.  128. 

For  many  of  the  facts  in  preparing  this  sketch, 
we  have  been  indebted  to  Johnson's  Cyclopedia, 
Ahbone"s  Dictionary  of  Authors,  and  Drake's 
Dictionar}'  of  Biography,  Mr,  Neill  was  married 
October  4th,  1847,  by  Rev.  J.  J,  Graff,  at  Snow 
Hill,  Worcester  county  ilaiyland,  to  Nancy, 
daughter  of  Richard  Hall,  of  said  county.  His 
children  aie:  Minnesota,  born  in  St,  Paul,  March 
28th,  1850;  Samuel,  born  m  St.  Paul,  December 
10th,  1852;  Henry,  born  in  St,  Paul,  April  loth, 
1855;  Edward  Duffield,  bom  in  St,  Paul,  August 
1st,  1858;  John  Selby  Martin,  bom  in  St,  Paul; 
March  25th,  1860. 

Frank  Navratil,  a  resident  of  Minneapolis 
smce  1866,  is  a  native  of  Bohemia,  born  October 
4th,  1844,  He  passed  his  childhood  in  his  native 
country,  where  lie  learned  the  shoemaker's  trade. 
He  came  to  America,  and  after  working  in  various 
cities  m  this  country,  he  located  in  this  citjand 
worked  at  his  trade  until  1871,  when  he  opened 
his  establishment,  and  has  continued  as  boot  and 
slioemaker  since.  His  wife  was  formerly  Mary 
Jehnek,  of  Boliemia,  whom  he  married  in  1869, 
Their  children  are  Frank,  Rosie  and  Lucy  (twins,) 
George  and  Eda. 

An''"-  w  H,  Nelson,  of  the  firm  of  Mahnsten, 
Nelson  and  Company,  is  a  native  of  Sweden,  born 
April  10th,  1849.  Coming  to  America  in  1866, 
he  located  tirst  at  Anoka,  Minnesota,  remaining 


there  two  years,  when  he  came  to  Minneapolis. 
He  engaged  with  E.  Broad  in  the  manufacture 
of  edged  tools,  and  general  blacksmithing.  After 
having  learned  his  trade  he  traveled  through  the 
South,  working  at  several  places  he  visited.  In 
1872,  he  returned  to  this  city,  and  four  years  later 
formed  a  partnership  with  E,  Hernlund,  and  aft- 
erwards takmg  Mr.  Malmsten  as  a  partner  in 
blacksmithing.  His  marriage  with  Emma  Hern- 
lund occurred  in  1875.  One  daughter  has  been 
bom  to  them,  Olive  R, 

B.  F,  Nelson,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  was  bom 
ui  1843.  He  became  a  resident  of  Minneapolis 
in  1864.  For  a  short  time  he  was  engaged  in 
rafting  lumber,  then  was  employed  in  a  shingle 
mUl,  and  remained  until  1867,  at  which  time  he 
assiuned  the  control  of  the  Butler  mill,  sawing 
shingles  by  the  thousand  until  1872,  He  then 
became  a  partner  of  W.  C.  Stetson,  They  built 
the  Pacific  ])laning  mill,  also  the  St.  Louis  mill. 
In  1879  this  firm  dissolved,  Mr,  Stetson  taking 
the  Pacific  and  Mr.  Nelson  the  St,  Louis  mill, 
which  he  has  had  in  operation  since.  He  was 
married  in  1869  to  Martha  Rose,  who  died  m  1874, 
leaving  two  sons,  "William  E,  and  Guy  H,  His 
second  wife  was  Miss  Fredingburg,  whom  he 
married  in  1875. 

Thomas  Nelson  "Forday"  was  bom  in  Forday, 
Norway,  June  20th,  1852.  He  received  his  edu- 
cation in  his  native  town,  where  he  lived  until 
1866,  then  came  to  America,  locating  first  in 
Michigan.  From  there  he  went  on  the  lakes  as 
a  sailor,  thence  to  St.  Louis,  where  he  was  in  the 
employ  of  the  government.  In  1868  he  fras  un- 
der General  Custer  in  the  New  Mexico  and  Kan- 
sas campaign.  He  became  a  resident  of  Minne- 
apolis in  1869.  and  turned  his  attention  to  lum- 
bering until  1880.  when  he  was  appointed  on  the 
police  force,  where  he  has  continued,  ^Ir.  Nel- 
son is  a  single  man. 

General  A.  B.  Nettleton,  editor  of  the  Morning 
Tribune,  was  born  ui  Delaware  county,  Oliio, 
November  14th,  1838;  lived  on  the  parental  farm 
until  sixteen  yeare  of  age,  attending  the  common 
schools  of  the  neighborhood.  In  1855  he  accept- 
ed employment  with  a  leading  mercantile  and 
lumbering  firm  at  Lexington,  Michigan.  In  1857 
he  entered  Oberlin  College,  Ohio,  "While  yet  at 
college,  on  April  14th,  1861,  two  days  after  the 
fall  of  Fort  Sumpter,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  an 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


603 


Ohio  volunteer  infantrj'  company,  under  Presi- 
dent Lincoln's  first  call  for  75,000  troops,  and  was 
chosen  first  sergeant.  The  company  was  not  ac- 
cepted by  the  governor  of  the  state,  as  Ohio's 
quota  was  already  full.  After  the  battle  of  Bull 
Run,  in  July  of  1861,  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
again  volunteered  for  army  service  as  a  private  in 
Company  H  of  the  Second  Ohio  Cavalry,  then  or- 
ganizing at  Camp  Wade,  near  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Was  elected  first  lieutenant  of  his  company,  and 
marched  to  the  front  in  October,  1861.  Served 
with  his  regiment  in  Kansas,  Arkansas,  Indian 
Ten'itory,  Missouri,  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Geor- 
gia, Alabama,  West  Virginia,  Ohio,  Indiana  (in 
the  latter  states  during  Morgan's  raid),  Virginia, 
Maryland  and  North  Carolina.  His  service  was 
continuous  from  August,  1861,  to  June  15th, 
1865— two  months  after  the  final  surrender  of  the 
confederate  armies,  and  among  the  officers  imder 
whom  he  directly  served  were  Blunt,  Burnside, 
H.  G.  Wright,  G.  A.  Custer,  Wilson,  Sheridan, 
Meade  and  Grant — the  last  year  and  a  half  of  ser- 
vice, being  under  the  immediate  leadership  of 
Custer  in  Slieridan's  famous  cavalry  corps  of  the 
Potomac  army.  Was  present  in  seventy-three 
engagements  and  pitched  battles,  including 
among  the  latter.  Grant's  campaign  of  the  Wil- 
derness, and  Sheridan's  brilliant  series  of  victo- 
ries in  the  Slienandoah  Valley.  He  was  succes- 
sively promoted  to  captain,  major,  lieutenant- 
colonel,  and  colonel  of  his  regiment,  and  was 
brevetted  brigadier-general  on  the  recommenda- 
tion of  General  Custer,  as  of  date  February  25th, 
1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the 
Shenandoah  campaign.  After  being  mustered 
out  of  the  army  he  studied  law  for  a  time  at  the 
law  school  in  Albany,  New  York.  In  1866  be- 
came editor  and  part  proprietor  of  the  Daily  Reg- 
ister at  Sandusky,  Ohio.  In  1868  was  a  delegate 
to  the  national  republican  convention  at  Chicago, 
which  nominated  Grant  and  Colfax  for  president 
and  vice-president.  In  1868  removed  from  San- 
dusky to  Chicago  and  became  publislier  of  the 
Advance.  In  1870  removed  to  Philadelpliia,  and 
became  associated  with  the  banking  house  of  Jay 
Cooke  and  Company  in  their  relation  as  fiscal 
agents  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Com- 
pany; and  also  held  the  position  of  general  agent 
of  the  trustees  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad, 
in  connection  with  the  land  interests  of  that  cor- 


poration. In  1875,  served  as  general  agent  of  the 
purchasing  committee  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad  Company  in  re-organizing  the  corpora- 
tion. Has  served  for  ten  years  as  a  trustee  of  Ober- 
lin  College.  In  March,  1 880,  removed  to  Minneapo- 
lis, Minnesota,  having  purchased  a  half  interest 
in  the  Daily  Tribune. 

II.  T.  Ness,  a  native  of  Norway,  was  born  in 

1843.  He  came  to  this  city  in  1870,  and  has  since 
been  engaged  in  the  hotel  business.  He  is  now 
proprietor  of  the  Western  House,  119  Second 
street  north,  owned  by  Air.  Lawrence,  of  the  law 
firm  of  Wilson  and  Lawrence.  Mr.  Ness  was 
married  in  1871,  to  Olene  Peterson.  They  have 
had  four  children  ;  only  one  is  living,  Ida  G. 

Louis  Neudeck,  deceased,  was  bom  in  Pliila- 
delphia,  Peimsylvania,  December  25th,  1821.  He 
was  one  of  the  early  pioneers  of  this  region, 
coming  to  St.  Anthony  in  1849.  He  received  his 
education  in  his  native  city,  and  later  engaged  in 
the  meat  business,  in  which  he  contmued  untU 

1844,  when  he  sold  out  and  removed  to  Beloit, 
Wisconsin,  remaining  one  year;  thence  to  Rock- 
ford,  Illinois,  a  few  months,  and  next,  in  1845,  to 
Stillwater,  Minnesota,  where  he  opened  a  dry 
goods  store,  continuing  until  coming  to  this  city. 
In  1S55  he  opened  a  meat  market  in  St.  Anthony, 
but  sold  out  m  1861.  During  tlie  Indian  troubles 
of  the  next  year,  he  assisted  in  raising  and  was 
one  of  Anson  Northrup's  company,  which  went 
to  Fort  Ridgely.  In  1863,  Mr.  Neudeck,  in  com- 
pany with  Captain  Fisk,  went  to  Montana,  and 
opened  a  ranche  for  the  piupose  of  doing  an  ex- 
tensive business  in  cattle  raising.  He  returned 
to  this  city  for  supplies  in  1864,  and  again  started 
with  a  wagon  train  of  seven  teams.  When  near 
Fort  Rice,  Montana,  one  of  the  wagons  needing 
repairing,  he,  with  several  men  remained  in  the 
rear,  to  perform  the  task.  While  here  they  were 
attacked  by  Indian?.  Mr.  Neudeck  and  several 
others  were  murdered.  His  body  was  never  re- 
covered. The  only  clue  to  the  sad  fate  of  this 
unfortunate  pioneer  was  a  revolver  on  which  was 
his  name,  it  being  snatched  from  one  of  the  In- 
dians. Six  of  the  wagons  with  the  supplies 
reached  Fort  Rice,  and  were  sold,  the  proceeds 
being  sent  to  the  widow  and  children  in  this  city. 
His  widow  was  formerly  Catherine  AVolff,  whom 
he  married  in  1848.  There  are  five  children  liv- 
ing. 


604 


HISTORY  OF  HEXl^'UFIN  COUNTY. 


Louis  W.  Xeiideck.  a  life  loiisr  resident  of  this 
city,  was  born  May  3d,  185:;,  and  is  a  son  of  Louis 
Neudeck,  deceased.  It  was  liere  that  he  received 
his  education,  and  first  worked  for  Glenn  sind 
Thompson,  and  afterwards  for  E.  B.  Ames.  Af- 
ter a  short  trip  to  Duluth,  in  1870.  he  engaged  in 
the  meat  business  in  Austin  and  Bed  Wing,  and 
returned  to  Minneapolis  in  1879.  Immediately 
after,  he  bought  the  meat  market  of  Henry 
Schulze,  where  he  has  since  continued.  His  mar- 
riage with  Clara  Eames,  of  Red  Wing,  occurred  in 
1879.     They  have  one  child,  Linnie. 

Angust  Newborn  is  a  native  of  Sweden,  born 
December  3d,  18^8.  He  lived  on  a  farm  until 
se\enteen  years  of  age,  when  he  commenced  his 
apprenticeship  as  a  tailor.  He  emigrated  to  Ame- 
rica in  1872,  locating  at  Joliet,  Illinois.  Here  he 
was  hi  tlie  employ  of  a  steel  rail  company  five 
years,  then  came  to  Minneapolis.  He  was  with 
his  brother,  J.  Newborn,  who  is  a  tailor,  until  be. 
ginning  alone  in  October,  1880,  at  237  Twelfth 
Avenue  south. 

George  E.  Xewell,  in  company  with  Messrs. 
Stevens  and  ^lorse,  established  a  wholesale  gro- 
cery establishment  at  9,  11  and  13  Washington 
Avenue  norlli.  ,Vt  the  end  of  three  years  Messrs. 
Stevens  and  ^Slorse  retired.  The  firm  of  Xewell 
and  Harrison  was  then  formed,  which  continued 
until  1879.  when  Mr.  Harrison  retired.  Since 
that  time  Mr.  Xewell  has  been  alone,  doing  a 
successful  business. 

E.  Newman,  a  native  of  Norway,  was  born 
October  14tli,  1845.  He  learned  the  trade  of 
moulder  in  his  native  country  and  worked  at  it 
until  1863.  He  then  emigrated  to  America,  and 
the  same  year  located  in  ilinneapolis.  He  en- 
gaged in  the  pursuit  of  his  trade  six  years,  when 
he  opened  a  gi-oeery  store.  In  1873,  he  sold,  and 
engaged  in  otbfr  pursuits  until  1880,  when  he 
started  a  grocery  at  his  present  location,  1318 
Fourth  street  south,  which  property  he  o\mis. 
He  is  doing  a  thriving  business.  He  was  married 
in  1870  to  Emma  Evensen.  of  Norway.  Four 
children  have  been  born  to  them.  Emma  S..  Clara 
v.,  Annie  E.,  and  Eddie  W. 

G.  H.  Nichols  was  bom  at  Braintree,  Vermont, 
May  18th,  1 823.  He  went  to  Randolph,  ^'ermont, 
in  1833,  and  in  1843,  learned  the  building  of  pipe 
organs.  Three  years  later,  he  removed  to  Bridge- 
water,  Massachusetts,  and  engaged  with  C.  H.. 


Packard,  who  was  the  originator  of  the  reed  or- 
gan, from  which  all  reed  organs  from  that  day  to 
this  have  sprung.  After  I'emaining  six  months, 
he  retin-ned  to  his  native  state  and  commenced 
the  manufacture  of  melodeons  and  organs.  The 
next  year  he  removed  to  Braintree,  Massachu- 
setts, continuing  in  the  same  business:  he  remained 
there  until  1848,  when  poor  health  compelled  him 
to  change.  He  traveled  through  Vermont  until 
1856,  when  he  came  west  and  located  at  Prescott, 
Wisconsin.  In  1862.  he  enlisted  in  the  Second 
Wisconsin  Cavalry,  but  was  discharged  after  sen- 
iug  seven  months,  on  account  of  failing  health. 
In  1869,  he  began  the  manufacture  of  cabinet  or- 
gans, and  has  since  continued.  He  opened  his 
salesroom  in  Minneapolis.  July.  1879,  and  removed 
his  works  here  in  the  fall  of  1880.  His  factory 
is  located  on  Second  Avenue  south-east,  comer  of 
Prince  street. 

J.  Newton  Nind,  city  editor  of  the  "Tribune," 
was  born  in  St.  Charles,  Illinois,  in  March,  1854, 
and  is  of  English  descent,  his  parents,  James  G. 
and  Mary  C.  Nind,  having  removed  to  this  coun- 
try from  England  in  1849.  His  home  continued 
at  his  buth-place  until  1866,  when  he  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Winona.  Minnesota,  where  he 
soon  after  imbibed  a  love  for  joiu-nalism  while  en- 
gaged as,  carrier  on  the  '-Eepublican"  of  that 
city.  While  so  engaged,  he,  with  four  other 
boys,  each  with  a  cash  capital  of  seven  dollars, 
launched,  on  the  13th  of  February,  1869,  the  first 
copy  of  the  "North  Star."  a  three-column  semi- 
monthly. At  the  end  of  the  firet  six  months 
Mr.  Nind  became  the  manager  of  the  pa- 
per, and  enlarged  it  to  five  columns,  in  which 
form  he  conducted  it  until  August  17tli, 
1870.  During  the  ensuing  year  he  improved  him- 
self in  the  art  of  printing.  In  December,  1871, 
I  at  Red  Wing,  he  renewed  the  "North  Star"  as  a 
weekly  publication,  which  he  edited,  printed  and 
published  as  a  means  of  prosecuting  studies  at 
the  Red  AVing  Institute.  In  December,  1872,  he 
relinquished  its  management  to  accept  a  position 
as  reporter  on  the  St.  Paul  "Pioneer,"  and  has 
since  served  at  different  times  as  reporter  on  the 
following  papers:  the  St.  Paul  "Pioneer."  Minne- 
apolis "Times,"  St.  Paul  '-Press,"  ilinneapolis 
"Mail,"  the  "Pioneer  Press,'"  and  has  filled  the 
position  of  city  editor  of  the  Minneapolis  "Trib- 
une" since  September,  1877.    He  was  married  in 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


605 


December,  1879,  to  Agnes  C.  AVilliams  of  Eed 
AVing. 

William  C.  Xoble  was  bom  at  Jolmsburgh, 
New  York,  December  9th,  1840.  lie  worked  on 
a  farm  until  the  fall  of  1862,  then  went  into  tlie 
store  of  B.  Thomas,  as  salesman,  and  two  years 
later  became  a  member  of  the  firm.  In  1865  he 
sold  his  interest  and  came  to  St.  Anthony  the 
spring  of  the  next  year.  A  few  months  after  his 
arrival  he  was  employed  by  O.  T.  Swett  in  a  gen- 
eral merchandise  store  as  book-keeper ;  here  he 
remained  until  1876,  when  in  company  with  J. 
H.  McHerron,  purchased  the  grocery  department 
of  Mr.  Swett's  store.  At  the  death  of  Mr.  ilcHer- 
ron,  in  1878,  Mr.  S.  Armstrong  bought  his  interest 
and  the  firm  is  now  knf)wn  as  Ifoble  and  Arm- 
strong, 22  University  Avenue  south-east. 

J.  P.  Noel,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born  in 
in  1845.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1870, 
locating  at  Minneapolis.  For  three  years  he 
drove  a  beer  wagon  since  which  time  he  has  kept 
saloon  at  701  Washington  Avenue  south.  He 
married  Augusta  Engle  in  November,  1873. 
They  have  one  child,  George  A.  W. 

August  J.  Noerenberg,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was 
born  in  1853.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1860,  locating  at  St.  Paul,  giving  his  attention  to 
hotel  keeping.  In  1875  he  came  to  this  city  and 
started  a  brewery,  in  which  he  continued  mitil 
1879,  when  he  opened  a  saloon  at  1728  Seventh 
street  south.  He  married  Dora  ^I.  Blohn,  March 
3d,  1879.     They  have  one  child,  August  C. 

F.  D.  Noerenberg,  is  a  native  of  Prussia,  born 
in  1845.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  came  to  America 
and  located  at  St.  Paul.  He  kept  hotel  in  that 
city  until  1870.  He  became  a  resident  of  Min- 
neapolis in  1875,  and  in  1880  took  possession  of  the 
city  brewery  and  is  now  engaged  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  beer.  He  was  married  in  1868  to  Miss 
Caroline  Richmond,  who  died  in  1875.  After  re- 
maining a  widower  three  years  he  married  Johan- 
na Sprunkmann,  who  has  Ixirne  Inm  three  child- 
ren. 

James  Nolan,  was  born  at  Quebec,  Canada, 
July  10th,  1847.  At  ten  years  of  age  he  accom- 
panied his  parents  to  St.  Paul,  where  he  lived  un- 
til 1861.  He  then  enlisted  in  the  Fifth  Minneso- 
ta Volunteer  Infantry  and  served  four  years. 
The  following  are  some  of  the  engagements  in 
which  he  participated:  Siege  of  Corinth,  Vicks- 


burg,  Richmond,  and  battle  of  Nashville;  also 
many  skirmishes.  From  1S71-72  he  was  on  the 
police  force  at  St.  Paul ;  he  was  also  detective  on 
the  St.  Paul  and  Duluth  railroad  one  year.  He 
was  appointed  on  the  police  force  in  this  city  in 
1878,  where  he  has  since  remained.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1873,  to  Annie  E.  Dickson.  They  have 
three  children:  William,  Mary  and  Edward  J. 

L.  C.  Noracon  was  born  at  Menasha,  "\riscon 
sin,  November  7th,  1854.  He  located  in  Minne- 
apolis in  1875,  and  worked  in  the  "A"'  mill 
eighteen  months,  then  in  the  old  Humboldt,  nine 
months.  On  the  completion  of  the  new  Humboldt 
he  was  employed  until  1880,  and  has  since  been 
machine  man  in  the  Cataract  mill.  He  married 
Miss  Ada  Cook,  April  22d,  1880. 

John  Norman,  born  November  27th,  1846,  is  a 
native  of  Sweden.  He  was  a  farmer  and  grain 
buyer,  previous  to  his  coming  to  America  in  1868. 
He  came  direct  to  Minneapolis,  where  he  was 
employed  as  laborer  in  a  brick  yard.  In  1872  he 
returned  to  his  native  country,  and  in  April  mar- 
ried Mrs.  Carrie  Swansen,  and  with  his  bride  re- 
turned to  this  city.  In  1879  he  was  appointed  on 
the  police  force,  which  position  he  has  since  held. 
Two  children  have  been  born  to  them:  Alice  A. 
and  Frank  T. 

W.  H.  Norris  was  born  at  Ilallowell,  Maine, 
July  24th,  1832.  He  prepared  for  college  at 
Dwighfs  High  School,  Brooklyn,  New  York, 
went  through  a  full  collegiate  course  at  Yale 
College,  and  graduated  in  1854.  He  attended 
Dane  Law  School  at  Harvard  College.  In  1856 
he  removed  to  Green  Bay,  Wisconsin,  and  com- 
pleted his  law  studies  at  the  office  of  James  H. 
Howe,  afterward  attorney  general  of  Wisconsin, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  October,  1857,  and 
continued  with  J.  H.  Howe  until  1862.  He  then 
practiced  alone  until  1870,  and  "for  eight  years 
had  a  young  partner.  In  1879  he  formed  a  part- 
nership with  E.  H.  Ellis,  who  was  judge  of  the 
Tenth  circuit  of  Wisconsin,  which  continued  un- 
til 1880,  when  he  removed  to  Minneapolis  and 
located  his  office  at  239  Nicollet  Avenue.  His 
favorite  line  of  practice  has  been  commercial,  in- 
surance and  railroad  law.  His  marriage  with 
Miss  Hannah  B.  HaiTiman  occurred  at  Green 
Bay,  in  1859.  They  have  three  children:  Louise, 
Georgia  and  Harriuian.  Mr.  Norris'  library  is 
large  and  complete,  probably  the  finest  in  the  city. 


606 


mSTOEY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


AV.  S.  Xott.  of  the  firm  of  E.  B.  Preston  and 
Company,  is  a  native  of  Dnblin.  Ireland,  born  in 
July,  18o2.  His  parents  were  English,  with 
whom  he  came  to  America  in  1855,  locating  at 
Xew  York,  where  he  received  his  education.  lie 
then  removed  to  Chicago,  remaining  until  Janu- 
ary, 1880,  when  he  came  to  this  citj-  as  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  E.  B.  Preston  and  Company,  and 
opened  business  in  the  sale  of  leather  and  rubber 
beltuig  and  rubber  goods  of  all  kinds.  Located 
at  203  Nicollet  Avenue. 

Anson  Xorthrup,  one  of  the  most  noteworthy 
characters  in  the  roll  of  pioneers,  was  born  in 
Connewango,  Xew  York,  January  3d,  1817, 
where  he  lived  with  his  father  till  the  spring  of 
1839,  when  he  moved  to  Morgan  county,  Illinois. 
In  October  following,  he  left  for  the  northern 
wilds,  with  a  drove  of  twenty  oxen  for  the  Falls 
of  the  St.  Croix,  and  twenty  for  AUen's  camp, 
then  just  opened  at  the  present  site  of  Chippewa 
Falls,  Wisconsin.  Two  men  were  sent  to  help 
him  drive  to  Allen's  camp,  which  was  reached 
the  latter  part  of  November.  There  was  but  one 
house  between  Prairie  du  Chien  and  the  Falls,  a 
rude  cabin  occupied  by  one  Keid,  at  Trempealeau 
Bluff.  Arriving  at  this  point,  they  found  Keid 
was  absent  on  a  trip  to  Galena,  for  supplies,  and 
his  wife  (a  squaw)  entirely  out  of  provisions. 
Several  '-Mackinaw"  boats,  laden  with  supplies 
for  Allen's  camp,  were  on  the  way  up,  and 
thinking  to  fall  in  with  them  the  next  day,  they 
left  nearly  all  their  provision  at  Reid's;  but  the 
boats  had  pushed  through  with  all  possible  dis- 
patch, in  fear  of  being  frozen  in,  and  their  gene- 
rosity cost  them  a  four  day's  fast  in  the  then 
barren  wilds  of  the  Chippewa  Valley.  Finally, 
when  almost  worn  out  with  hunger  and  fatigue, 
they  reached  Allen's  camp,  about  midnight,  but 
their  anticipated  feast  was  prevented  by  the 
stern  refusal  of  Allen's  sqiiaw  to  give  them  more 
than  a  cup  of  tea  until  next  morning.  Mr  Nor- 
thrup  remained  at  Allen's  camp  about  three 
weeks,  before  he  could  get  a  guide  to  help  him 
through  to  the  Falls,  owing  to  hostilities  then 
existing  between  the  Sioux  and  Chippewa  Indi- 
ans, which  rendered  travel  anytliing  but  agree- 
able. Finally,  however,  he  secured  the  senices 
of  a  guide,  and  made  the  journey  in  safety,  arriv- 
ing just  before  Christmas,  This  was  the  first 
drove  of  oxen  ever  brought  to  the  northern  wUds, 


and  their  ownere  the  first  limibermen  in  that 
region.  Returning  in  the  spring  of  1840  to  Illi- 
nois, he  made  preparations  to  go  north,  and  the 
next   year,   1841,  took   boat  at  St.  Louis  and 

'  reached  the  Falls  of  the  St.  Croix  in  ilay.  three 
weeks  from  the  time  of  leaving  St.  Louis.  There 
were  no  settlements  above  Prairie  du  Chien. 
When  more  fuel  was  needed  for  the  boat,  she 
was  tied  up,  while  the  deck  hands  went  ashore 
cut  and  "toted"  enough  wood  for  another  '-run.'' 
The  boat  was  the  '-Indian  Queen,'"  built  to  run 

!  on  the  Jilissouri,  and  never  made  a  second  trip  to 
this  region.  In  May,  1844.  he  moved  to  what  is 
now  Stillwater,  and  built  a  hotel,  the  first  house 
in  the  place.  He  also  bought  160  acres  of  land 
which  now  embraces  about  one-half  the  site  of 
that  vigorous  young  city. 

In  1849,  he  sold  his  interest  there  and  built  the 
American  House  at  St.  Paul,  the  first  all  frame 
building  in  the  place.  The  rough  lumber  for  this 
building  was  brought  from  the  mUls  at  St.  Croix 
Falls,  and  the  flooring,  siding,  sash,  doors,  etc., 
from  St.  Louis.  The  American  was  formally 
opened  to  the  public  July  4th.  1850,  and  soon 
thereafter  sold,  after  which  ;Mr.  Northrup  came 
to  St.  Anthony  and  commenced  the  erection  of 
the  St.  Charles  Hotel,  a  little  above  the  present 
site  of  Clark's  mills.  This  was  the  second  aU 
frame  building  here,  the  first  being  a  hastily  con- 
structed house  built  and  occupied  by  Mr.  North- 
rup while  the  St.  Charles  was  in  course  of 
completion.  The  hotel  was  opened  July  4th, 
1851,  the  same  day  the  steamer  "  Gov.  Ramsey  " 
made  her  first  run  up  the  river,  under  command 
of  Captain  John  Rollins.  After  running  the  St. 
Charles  two  years,  he  rented  it,  and  engaged  in 
other  pursuits.  In  185S,  he  visited  the  Pacific 
coast,  returning  after  an  absence  of  four  months, 
and  bought  the  old  steamer  '•  Governor  Ramsey," 
which  he  took  up  the  river  as  far  as  Grand  Rap- 
ids (taking  it  over  the  falls  at  Sauk  Rapids  by 
means  of  windlasses  and  other  necessary  appli- 
ances), then  back  to  Crow  Wing,  where  he  took 
the  machinery  out.  and  took  the  boat  apart  above 
the  hull.  February  16th,  1859,  he  left  St.  Paul 
with  forty  teams  and  a  crew  of  men,  proceeded 
to  Crow  \Vuig.  loaded  the  boat  and  machinery, 
and  started  for  the  Red  river,  cutting  roads 
through  the  timbered  portion  of  the  route,  and 
reaching  the  river  about  eight  mUes  below  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


607 


present  site  of  Fargo,  April  8th.  Tliey  liad  not 
tlie  protection  of  even  a  tent,  yet  the  men  were 
all  in  good  health  and  spirits,  notwithstanding  it 
was  severe  weather,  and  the  snow  two  feet  deep 
when  they  arrived  at  their  destination.  Early  in 
the  season  he  bnilt  the  boat,  run  it  to  Lake  AVin- 
nipeg,  then  back  to  Georgetown,  where  it  was 
sold,  and  has  since  done  good  service  on  the  Red 
River  of  the  North. 

At  tlie  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion,  Mr. 
Northrup  entered  the  army,  receiving  the  appoint- 
ment of  wagon  master  in  the  First  Regiment 
Minnesota  Volunteers.  In  September,  1861,  he 
was  appointed  wagon  master  in  General  Gorman's 
brigade;  in  March,  1862,  to  alike  position  in  Gen- 
eral Sedgewick's  division,  and  in  June  following 
was  put  in  charge  of  the  trains  of  Sumner's 
corps.  Army  of  the  Potomac,  where  he  remained 
until  the  memorable  Indian  massacre  in  August, 
1802,  when  he  obtained  leave  of  absence,  and  has- 
tened home  to  aid  in  protecting  the  home  bor- 
ders. The  day  following  his  arrival  in  Minneap- 
olis, he  obtained  a  captain's  commission  from 
Governor  Ramsey,  with  instructions  to  raise  a 
company  of  mounted  men,  and  proceed  with  all 
haste  to  the  relief  of  Fort  Ridgely,  which  was 
then  besieged  by  the  murderous  savages.  As  in- 
dicative of  the  "spirit  of  the  times,"  and  the  con- 
fidence reposed  in  Captain  Northrup  by  his  towns- 
men, it  is  only  necessary  to  state  thaton  the  same 
day  he  received  his  commission,  he  raised  a  com- 
pany of  ninety-six  men,  and  at  nine  o'clock  that 
evening  had  marched  them  to  Shakopee,  twenty- 
five  miles  from  Minneapolis,  on  the  way  to  Fort 
Ridgely.  The  entire  march  was  made  in  three 
days,  and  with  a  company  now  augmented  to  140 
men,  he  reached  the  beleagured  fortress  just  at 
daylight,  having  marched  all  night. 

It  is  but  simple  justice  to  state  here  that  Cap- 
tain Northrup  was  the  first  to  relieve  the  dis- 
tressed inmates  of  the  fortress.  Others,  with  less 
modesty,  and  as  surely  with  less  honesty,  have 
claimed  the  laurels  due  only  to  this  old  patriot, 
who  never  courted  even  a  passing  compliment  for 
his  timely  services. 

Since  the  close  of  the  war,  Capt.  Northrup's 
life  has  been  marked  by  the  same  spirit  of  change 
and  adventure  that  cliaracterized  his  previous 
years.  For  two  years  he  kept  the  First  National 
Hotel,  five  years  was  spent  at  Duluth,  mainly  in 


contracting  and  jobbing  for  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad  Company,  and  in  1874,  leaving  Duluth, 
he  came  to  St.  Paul,  then  took  a  short  trip  to 
Texas,  from  whence  he  returned  to  St.  Paul,  and 
remained  until  May,  1880,  \\hen  he  removed  to 
Fort  Snelling  and  opened  a  boarding-house.  Mr. 
Northrup  put  up  the  first  brick  building  in  Min- 
neapolis, now  known  as  the  Bushnell  House,  on 
Fourth  street,  near  the  court-house.  It  is  impos- 
sible to  here  enumerate  all  the  noteworthy  inci- 
dents connected  with  the  career  of  this  veteran 
pioneer,  whose  life  is  remarkable  for  its  restless, 
energetic  character,  and  ever  varying  hues.  An- 
son Northrop  married  Miss  Betsey  Jane  Edwards, 
August  23d,  1838.  at  Waterbury.  N.  Y.,  by  whom 
he  has  had  ten  children,  six  of  whom  are  now 
living. 

W.  II.  Nudd  was  born  at  AVakefield,  New 
Hampshire,  July  16th,  1831.  He  came  to  Minne- 
apolis in  18.57  and  was  in  a  bakery  seven  years, 
then  engaged  in  farming  in  St.  Anthony.  In  1870 
he  entered  the  firm  of  which  he  is  now  the  head. 
The  firm  name  is  Nudd  and  Knight,  and  they 
manufacture  wood  eave  troughs,  etc.,  on  Main 
street,  south-east.  He  married  Miss  Laura 
Shepherd  of  Bangor,  Maine,  in  18.59.  Their 
children  are:  Lottie  S.,  Henry  A.,  Benjamin  F., 
and  Edwin  F. 

W.  Nyberg,  of  the  firm  of  Lockwood,  Upton 
and  Company,  is  a  native  of  Sweden,  born  May 
2d,  1852.  He  came  to  America  with  his  parents 
in  1858,  and  received  his  education  in  the  scliools 
of  this  city.  In  1869  he  apprenticed  in  the  St. 
Anthony  Iron  Works  and  after  finishing  his  trade 
remained  until  its  destruction  by  fire  in  April, 
1879.  In  June,  following,  he  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  Mr.  Upton  in  the  LTnion  Iron  Works, 
afterwards  taking  Mr.  Lockwood,  which  formed 
the  present  firm.    Mr.  Nyberg  is  unmarried. 

Dennis  O'Brien  is  a  native  of  Ireland,  born  De- 
cember 15th,  1844.  He  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1866,  locating  in  this  city,  engaged  in  lumber- 
ing for  W.  D.  Washburn.  He  remained  in  that 
business  five  years,  then  went  on  the  Northern 
Pacific  railroad,  building  bridges;  he  contiiuied 
in  that  business  two  years,  returning  to  this  city 
in  1873  and  working  at  lumbering  for  Robinson 
and  Company  until  1875,  and  since  that  time  has 
been  in  the  fiouring  mills.  He  is  now  in  the  feed 
department  of  the  Cataract  mill. 


608 


HISTOBY  OF  HEXNEPIX  C0UX2Y. 


Gustav  ilarcilius  Oftedal  was  born  in  Staven- 
ger.  Xonvay,  Februaiy  22d,  1846,  where  he  at- 
tended a  preparatory  school  during  his  boyhood. 
In  1SG8  he  accepted  the  position  of  "watch  in- 
spector" of  a  telegraph  station  at  Arendal,  wliere 
he  remained  almost  permanently  until  his  call  to 
America  in  1S77.  "While  at  Arendal  lie  passed 
"examen  candidatus  juris."  at  Christiana  Univer- 
sity in  1872  also  spending  some  lime  in  the  study 
of  theology  at  Arendal.  In  1877  he  received  a 
call  from  the  congregation  in  Minneapolis  and  at 
once  started  for  tliis  field  of  labor,  completing  liis 
theological  course  at  Augsburg  Seminary  and  or- 
dained at  the  latter  place. 

S.  Oftedal  was  born  in  Stavenger.  Xorway.  in 
1844.  He  attended  college  in  his  native  town 
until  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age,  when  he  en- 
tered the  university  at  Christiana,  where  he 
passed  the  degrees  of  "  examenatium  "  and  "  ex- 
amen philosopbicum,"  and  spent  the  next  six  or 
seven  years  traveling  in  England,  France. 
Spain,  Italy,  and  tlie  United  States.  In  1871  he 
took  the  degree  of  divinity  at  the  university,  and 
in  1873  came  to  Minneapolis,  and  has  since  held 
an  important  position  in  the  faculty  of  Augsburg 
Seminary. 

Jolm  E.  Ofstie  was  born  in  Xorway.  He  came 
to  America  in  1868,  locating  in  Minneapolis.  He 
clerked  in  tlie  dry  goods  store  of  "William  Gaslin; 
then  went  to  Chicago,  and  was  employed  in  a 
wholesale  and  retail  clolliing  house  until  1876, 
when  he  returned  to  this  city,  and  established 
the  Boston  Square  Dealing  One  Price  Clothing 
House,  at  227  "Washington  Avenue  south.  He 
remained  tliere  until  1878,  tlien  removed  to  his 
present  location.  Xo.  2  Pence  Opera  House. 

J.  H.  Oleson  is  a  native  of  Xorway,  bom  Au- 
gust ]3lh,  1850.  He  came  to  Dakota  countj,-, 
Minnesota,  in  1866.  He  commenced  learning 
photography  in  1870,  with  "W.  H.  Jacoby,  of  this 
cit)\  He  opened  an  establisliment  in  1874,  at  307 
"Washington  Avenue  south.  He  makes  a  specialty 
of  card  and  cabinet  photographs.  He  married 
Miss  Annie  G.  Jolinson,  of  this  city,  July  11th, 
1874.  Their  children  are  :  Iver  W.,  Gustave  H., 
and  Albert  J. 

H.  C.  Oliver  was  born  at  Sterling.  Cayuga 
county.  Xew  York.  July.  1842.  He  lived  on  a 
farm  in  early  life,  then  moved  with  his  parents  to 
Corning,  Xew   York.    In   1867   he  removed  to 


Champaign,  niinois:  thence  in  1870  to  Indiana- 
polis. Indiana,  and  remained  there  until  coming 
to  Minneapolis,  in  1880.  He  was  railroading  sis- 
teen  years  prior  to  his  locating  in  this  cit>-.  thir- 
teen years  of  the  time  being  a  conductor.  He 
was  married  in  1869,  to  Miss  S.  K.  Lower,  of 
Xew  ITork.    They  liave  one  daughter. 

Simon  Olesen  was  born  in  Xorway.  in  1837.  He 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1869,  and  located  at 
La  Crosse,  Wisconsin,  where  he  was  in  the  lum- 
ber business  four  years.  In  1873  he  became  a 
resident  of  Minneapolis,  and  has  lieen  at  work  in 
the  Union  Planing  mill  suice.  He  married  Carrie 
Johnson  in  1876.  Thek  children  are :  Carrie  S. 
and  Man.- 1. 

Otto  T.  Olson  was  bom  in  Sweden,  in  1852. 
He  came  to  Iowa  in  1872,  thence  to  St.  Paul  in 
187.5.  He  was  in  the  hardware  business  in  each 
place.  He  located  in  Minneapolis  in  1880,  open- 
ing a  sample  room  at  1229  "Washington  Avenue 
north,  where  he  still  remains. 

C.  D.  O'X^eil  was  born  September  2.5th.  1849, 
at  Plymouth,  "Wisconsin.  He  attended  school  in 
his  native  town  until  twelve  years  of  age.  when 
he  went  to  Xew  Y'ork  city  to  live  with  an  imcle 
and  attend  school,  also  to  learn  the  trade  of  sign- 
painting  and  gi-aining.  He  finished  learning  his 
trade  in  1867.  and  worked  at  it  in  Xew  York  and 
Brooklyn  until  1869.  Was  in  Rochester  one  year, 
thence  to  Chicago,  where  he  remained  until  May, 
1879.  He  then  located  in  Minneapolis,  and  was 
employed  by  Adams  and  Skinner,  painters,  and 
remained  with  tliem  until  commencing  business 
alone,  on  the  corner  of  Xicollet  Avenue  and 
Tliird  street.  He  makes  fine  graining  a  specialty. 
He  was  married  in  1873.  to  Miss  Guera  F.  Van 
Dusen  of  Michigan.  Their  children  are  Clarence 
and  Xina. 

George  "W.  Oi"ff  was  born  at  Bangor.  Maine, 
in  1836.  He  remained  at  Bangoruntil  1861.  when 
he  went  to  Boston  and  learned  the  profess- 
ion of  architect.  He  remained  at  Boston  ten 
years,  then  retimied  to  his  native  town  where  he 
remained  until  1878.  being  constantly  engaged  in 
his  profession.  He  came  to  this  city,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1879  established  his  oflace  at  250  First 
Aventie  south. 

Alexander  T.  Ormond.  Ph.  D..  professor  of 
mental  and  moral  philosophy  and  history  at  the 
University,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  born 


BIOOBAPHICAL. 


609 


in  Punxsutawney,  Jefferson  county,  Pennsylva- 
nia, in  1847.  When  five  years  of  age,  moved 
with  his  parents  to  Armstrong  county,  near  tlie 
Allegheny  river.  Was  reared  on  a  farm  and  en- 
gaged in  agricultural  pursuits,  with  occasional  in- 
terruptions, until  he  was  twenty-four.  Received 
the  ordinary  public  school  education,  which  was 
supplemented  by  a  term  or  two  at  an  academy. 
Began  teaching  in  the  public  schools  when  seven- 
teen years  old;  teaching  winters  and  working  on 
the  farm  summers.  In  1870,  went  to  Oxford, 
Ohio,  and  spent  sub-freshman  year  in  Miami 
University.  Returned  home  at  the  close  of  the 
year  and  resumed  teaching  and  farming.  In 
1872-3  was  principal  in  a  soldiers'  oi-phan  school 
at  Dayton,  Pennsylvania.  In  the  autumn  of 
1873,  went  to  Princeton  and  entered  tlie  freshman 
class.  Experienced  the  usual  ups  and  downs  of 
college  life,  and  graduated  in  1877,  in  a  class  of 
one  himdred  and  ten.  Won  by  competition  the 
Mental  Science  Fellowship,  which  decided  the 
special  direction  of  his  future  course.  Remained 
at  Princeton  doing  post-graduate  work  until  last 
June,  when  he  went  through  the  necessary  pre- 
liminaries and  received  the  degree  of  Pii.  D 
Came  to  the  State  University  of  Minnesota  in 
September,  1880,  where  he  occupies  the  chair  of 
philosophy  and  histoiy. 

John  Orth  was  born  in  1821,  in  France.  He 
remained  there  until  1847,  when  he  emigrated  to 
America,  locating  at  Erie,  Pennsylvania,  .md 
lived  at,  or  near  there  until  he  came  to  Minneapolis 
in  1850.  He  started  the  first  brewery  and  sold 
the  first  beer  in  this  county.  ITe  first  made  three 
barrels  wliich  lasted  the  town  of  St.  Anthony  one 
week.  His  old  brewery  occupied  the  same  ground 
on  which  is  now  liis  large  establishment  wliich 
makes  four  hundred  and  eighty  barrels  of  beer 
each  week.  He  was  maiTied  in  1849  to  Miss 
Mary  C.  Weinel.  They  have  had  five  children, 
John  W.  born  at  St.  Anthony  in  1850,  is  the 
oldest  living  cliild  born  in  this  city. 

Edward  Orth  is  a  native  of  this  city,  born  Oc- 
tober 4th,  1856.  He  received  his  early  education 
in  this  city  and  finished  at  Minneapolis  Business 
College.  In  1873,  he  was  apprenticed  to  F. 
Whale  and  Company,  liquor  distillers.  In  tlie 
fall  of  the  next  year,  he  went  to  La  Crosse  where 
he  was  engaged  in  lumbering.  In  1876,  he  re- 
turned and  began  work  in  his  father's  brewery  I 
39 


where  he  has  been  since.  He  married  Miss  Kate 
Loftus,  a  native  of  Wisconsin,  May  4th,  1877i 
They  have  two  children,  Maud  and  Edward. 

P.  Osauder  was  born  in  Sweden,  September 
7th,  1843.  He  emigrated  to  New  York  in  July, 
1869,  and  came  direct  to  Webster  county,  Iowa, 
thence  to  Minneapolis,  in  1870.  After  visiting 
several  points  in  the  state,  and  working  on  the 
^lississippi  river,  the  next  year  he  located  per- 
manently in  this  city,  engaging  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  pumps.  He  entered  into  partnership 
with  Gus  Lundell  in  1876,  which  has  since  con- 
tinued. Mr.  Osander  was  married  in  Iowa,  Sep- 
tember 24th,  1869,  to  Carrie  Oleson,  of  Sweden. 
Their  children  are:  Peter  W.,  Eda  K.,  Fred  A., 
and  Will  V. 

J.  C.  Oswald,  a  native  of  Switzerland,  was 
born  May  20th,  1824.  He  came  to  New  York  in 
1847,  and  remained  two  months,  then  went  to 
Cabell  county,  Virginia.  He  was  one  of  the 
first  settlers  in  Dutchtown  in  that  county.  He 
opened  a  general  merchandise  store,  and  was  also 
agent  for  New  York  parties,  for  the  sale  of  landj 
The  spring  of  18.57,  he  sold  and  removed  to  Min- 
neapolis. In  1862  he  bought  a  farm  of  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty  acres,  west  of  the  city  limits,  on 
which  he  lived  and  devoted  his  time  to  raising 
small  fruits,  from  which  he  made  wine,  mostly 
sold  for  medicinal  purposes  in  home  market.  In 
1866,  he  engaged  in  wholesale  wines  and  liquors 
in  this  city,  in  which  he  still  continues.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Lisette  Scheitliu,  in  1847.  Their 
children  living  are:  Matilda,  Lisette  S.,  Bertha 
M.,  and  Emma  W. 

J.  W.  Overacker  was  bom  in  Onondaga,  county 
New  York,  in  1829.  He  resided  in  New  York, 
California,  Illinois  and  Missouri,  came  to 
Minneapolis  in  July,  1874,  and  has  since  been  a 
resident  of  this  city.  He  is  at  present,  secretaiy 
and  treasurer  of  the  Co-operative  Barrel  Com- 
pany.   He  resides  at  721  Seventh  street  south. 

E.  W.  Overlock.  a  life  long  resident  of  Henne- 
pin county,  was  born  at  Brooklyn  Centre,  xVu- 
gust  7th,  1859.  He  acquired  a  knowledge  of 
drugs,  witli  W.  C.  Colbiath,  of  tliis  city.  In 
April,  1880,  the  firm  of  Overlock  Brothers  was 
organized. 

James  II.  Overlock  was  born  at  Brooklyn  Cen- 
tre, Hennepin  county.  He  has  ever  since  been  a 
resident  of  this  county.    He  studied  drugs  with 


610 


HISTORY  OF  HEXXEPIN  COUXIY. 


T.  K.  Gray,  and  worked  for  W.  C.  Colbrath  and 
Mr.  Rose,  both  of  this  city.  In  1880,  he  became 
a  partner  in  the  present  firm  of  Overlook  Broth- 
ers at  102  Central  Avenue. 

E.  A.  Owens,  a  native  of  New  York  city,  was 
born  June  27tli,  1H59.  lie  accompanied  liis  par- 
ents to  Chicago  in  1875  and  completed  his  educa- 
tion tliere.  In  October,  1879,  he  removed  to 
Iowa  and  studied  law  at  tlie  University  in  Iowa 
City.  Tlie  followin;;  year  in  June,  he  came  to 
Minneapolis  and  associated  with  W.  D.  Myers  as 
partner  and  business  manager  of  the  surgical  in- 
firmary, wliich  is  the  only  institution  of  general 
surgery  in  the  north-west.  In  October,  1879,  Mr. 
Owens  married  Mamie  Evans,  of  McGregor,  Iowa. 

A.  J.  Palmes  was  born  at  Le  Roy,  Genesee 
connty.  New  York.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in 
187.5,  and  engaged  with  Mr.  Eames,  and  has  since 
been  general  siiperintenilent  of  O.  Eames"  barrel 
factory.  He  resides  at  711  Fom-teenth  street 
south. 

Jonathan  Palmer  is  a  native  of  Ohio,  born  at 
Massillou,  in  1852.  His  father  died  when  he  was 
four  years  of  age,  and  in  1806  he  moved  with  his 
mother,  to  Plymouth,  Indiana,  remaining  five 
years;  then  removed  to  Iluntsville,  Alabama; 
thence  to  Princeton,  Indiana,  in  1872,  and  estab- 
lished a  bakery.  Three  yeai-s  later  he  came  to 
Minneapolis,  and  in  1880  he  purchased  the  Home 
Made  Bakery  and  took  a  partner,  Mr.  H,  W. 
Drew.  He  also  owns  the  Vienna  and  Nicollet 
Avenne  Bakery.  He  was  married  to  Miss  Nellie 
Gowthorp  in  1875,  who  has  borne  him  one  child: 
Frank  C. 

G.  W.  Parmenter  was  born  at  Utica,  New 
Y'ork,  in  1848.  He  went  to  Marquette  county, 
Wisconsin,  at  seven  years  of  age,  and  two  years 
later  removed  to  Kansas,  and  there  learned  car- 
pentering. He  traveled  through  the  northern 
states  until  the  fall  of  1S71,  settling  at  that  time 
in  Calumet  county,  Wisconsin,  He  resided  there 
until  1878,  when  he  came  to  Minneapolis.  The 
firm  of  Parmenter  Brothers,  contractors  and 
builders,  consists  of  G.  W,,  C.  E.  and  II.  M.  Par- 
menter. Contracts  are  taken  by  them  in  any  part 
of  the  state.  Office  on  Eighth  street,  between 
Hennepin  and  Nicollet  Avenues. 

C.  II.  Parker  was  born  at  Remsen,  Oneida 
county.  New  York,  in  1832.  If  is  father  being  a 
veterinary  surgeon,  he  studied  with  him  when  a 


small  boy.  and  was  raised  in  the  profession.  In 
1817  he  went  to  Madison,  Wisconsin,  remaining 
five  years  in  practice  for  the  Great  Western  Stage 
Company,  thence  to  Waupaca  county.  Wisconsin, 
in  1853,  remaining  four  jears ;  he  resided  in 
Houston  county,  Minnesota,  four  years,  then  re- 
moved to  Oswego  county,New  York,  and  enlisted 
in  tlie  Second  New  York  Cavalry,  in  whicli  he 
served  two  years,  then  re-enlisted  in  the  Thir- 
teenth New  York  Cavalry  and  served  until  his 
discharge  in  1865.  He  then  resided  in  various 
places  in  this  state  until  1875,  when  he  located  in 
^Minneapolis.  During  the  entiie  time  he  prac- 
ticed his  profession  as  veterinary  surgeon.  He 
was  married  in  1877,  to  Mary  Izenburger. 

David  C,  Parker  was  born  at  Medford,  Massa- 
chusetts, in  1852.  He  was  educated  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  and  remained  with  his  parents  until 
eighteen  years  of  age.  After  finishing  his  educa- 
tion he  was  engaged  in  the  wholesale  and  retail 
drug  business  for  seven  or  eiglit  years  at  Boston. 
In  May,  1878,  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  has 
since  been  in  the  employ  of  Upham,  Wyman  and 
Company  as  head  book-keeper,  and  fills  the  posi- 
tion with  credit.  Ilis  marriage  with  Florence  J., 
daughter  of  John  W.  Eastman,  occurred  Septem- 
ber 8th,  1880,  in  this  city. 

L,  N.  Parker  was  born  at  Chester.  Vermont, 
December  11th,  1823.  At  eight  years  of  age  he 
accompanied  his  parents  to  Illinois,  locating  in 
Madison  county.  He  lived  on  a  farm  until  eight- 
een years  of  age,  and  in  1841  removed  to  St. 
Croi.x,  beniga  lumberman  there  until  1849,  when 
he  located  at  St.  Anthony.  He  carried  the  first 
mails  bet  ween  St.  Paul  and  St.  Anthony,  and  ran 
a  line  of  stages  on  this  route  four  years;  was  al- 
so engaged  in  lumbering.  In  1854  he  was  the 
proprietor  of  a  sale  and  livery  stable,  and  also 
practiced  as  a  veterinary  surgeon;  he  has  con- 
tinued in  the  practice  since,  at  102  First  street 
north.  He  married  Amanda  Huse  in  1849.  They 
have  two  daughters  and  fotir  sons;  two  sons  have 
died. 

F.  F.  Patterson  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1849. 
His  parents  moved  to  New  York  when  he  was 
two  years  old,  where  he  lived  until  1865.  At  the 
age  of  twelve  he  began  in  tlie  coasting  service  in 
which  he  continued  four  years,  sailing  from  New 
York  to  different  points  on  the  coasts.  When 
sixteen  veare  of  age  he  had  the  command  of  a 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


611 


schooner  for  a  New  York  firm.  In  IHGo  he  came 
to  Kochester,  Minnesota,  settling  on  a  farm  on 
which  he  lived  until  his  removal  to  this  city  in 
1872.  He  is  now  a  contractor  and  builder.  He 
was  married  in  1871  to  Miss  EmmaLeetof  Roch- 
ester, Minnesota. 

John  Patterson  is  a  native  of  Montreal,  Cana- 
ada,  born  in  18.32.  He  learned  the  mason's  trade 
with  his  father,  and  has  made  it  his  life  business. 
In  1854,  went  to  Monroe,  Wisconsin,  and  two 
years  later  made  St.  Anthony  his  home.  He  is 
the  oldest  contractor  now  doing  business  in  this 
city,  and  worked  on  tlie  Cataract.  Anchor  and 
Zenith  mills.  Patterson  and  Baxter,  in  1868, 
built  the  masonry  for  the  bridge  across  tlie  east 
side  channel.  The  firm  of  Stevens,  Patterson 
and  Company  was  made  in  1873,  and  existed  un- 
til the  present  firm  of  Patterson  and  Aronson  was 
formed.  He  was  married  to  Sarah  A.  Burton  in 
1865,  who  has  borne  him  five  sons. 

Levi  N.  Patterson,  of  the  firm  of  Patterson  and 
Chilstrom,  druggists,  was  born  in  Oneida  county. 
New  York,  in  1848.  He  came  to  Minnesota  in 
1854,  and  located  at  Mankato,  where  he  passed 
his  youth,  and  learned  the  drug  business  in  St. 
Peter  with  Henry  Jones.  In  1872,  located  in 
tliis  city  and  worked  in  a  drug  store  until  1874, 
when  he  became  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  Young, 
Patterson  and  Company,  but  sold  his  interest  five 
years  later.  In  October,  1880,  the  present  firm 
was  formed  and  has  since  continued.  He  was 
married  in  1875  to  Eva  M.  Tibbetts,  of  Mankato. 
They  have  one  cliild :  lluss.  Mr.  Patterson's 
father  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Blue  Earth 
county,  and  was  a  member  of  the  legislature  at 
the  time  of  his  death  in  1861. 

J.  H.  Paul  was  bom  near  Salem,  Indiana,  in 
March,  1847.  He  cam",  to  this  city  in  1871,  and 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  chuieh,  school  and 
office  furniture,  in  which  business  lie  is  at  pres- 
ent. He  was  married  in  March,  1875,  to  Miss  Ida 
Mertens.  Their  children  are:  Joseph  and  Alar-  ' 
garet.    Residence,  871  Sixteenth  Avenue  south. 

Leonard  Paulle  was  born  at  Buffalo,  New  Y'ork, 
in  1854.  There  he  received  his  education  and 
learned  his  trade  as  show-case  maker  and  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  of  them.  He  remained 
at  Buffalo  until  1876,  when  he  came  to  Minnapo- 
lis  and  pursued  his  trade.    He  is  located  at  123 


Washington  Avenue  south,  where  he  is  domg  a 
large  and  thriving  business. 

James  Pauly  is  a  native  of  France,  born  in 
1826.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1849, 
making  Woodbury,  Connecticut,  his  home  seven 
years.  In  1856  he  removed  to  Reed's  Landing, 
Minnesota,  where  he  engaged  in  hotel  keeping 
twenty-three  years,  five  of  which  was  passed  in 
the  Bullard  House,  and  ten  in  the  American 
House.  He  bought  and  took  possession  of  the 
Pauly  House  of  this  city  in  June,  1879.  He  was 
married  in  1857,  to  Miss  Margaret  Simon.  They 
have  two  sons  and  two  daughters. 

F.  M.  Pieronnet  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  in 
1858.  He  accompanied  his  parents  to  St.  Louis, 
Missouri,  at  the  age  of  fifteen.  His  father  being 
a  physician,  he  studied  with  him  until  Jime  1878. 
Having  no  taste  for  his  father's  profession  he 
came  to  Jtlinneapolis  in  that  year  and  was  em- 
ployed in  the  Crown  Roller  mill  one  year  and 
has  since  then  been  engaged  as  book-keeper.  At 
present  he  has  charge  of  the  books  and  financial 
department  for  L.  Paulle,  show  case  manufac- 
turer. 

John  W.  Pence  was  born  in  Warren  county, 
Ohio,  February  11th.  1830.  He  lived  with  his 
father  on  the  farm  until  eighteen  years  of  age, 
then  engaged  with  a  partner,  dealing  in  grain, 
general  merchandise,  etc.,  for  eight  years  with 
marked  success.  In  18.56,  he  went  to  Columbus, 
when  he  was  again  a  dealer  in  grain,  stock,  etc., 
untU  1865,  when  failing  health  induced  him  to 
change.  He  came  to  Minnesota,  and  from  Fari- 
bault to  St.  Paul,  by  stage,  thence  to  this 
city.  In  1866.  he  bought  the  lots  where  now 
stand  the  City  Bank,  and  Opera  House, which  bears 
his  name,  being  at  that  time  among  the  first 
three-story  buildings  in  the  city.  Mr.  Pence  has 
been  president  of  the  City  Bank,  and  has  heavy 
mining  interests  near  Leadville,  Colorado,  and 
owns  with  S.  P.  Snyder,  forty  thousand  acres  of 
rich  rolling  prairie  south  of  Jamestown,  Dakota 
territory.  He  was  married  at  Alinneapolis  in 
1871  to  Miss  Laura  Enell,  of  Maine,  who  died 
January  6th,  1878. 

I.  L.  Penny,  a  resident  of  Minneapolis,  was 
born  in  Maine,  in  1834.  lie  located  here  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1855;  he  is  the  proprietor  of  the  Minne- 
apolis drill  manufactory  at  315  Third  Avenue 
south.    He  was  married  in  1857  to  Miss  Ehoda 


612 


JJJSTOBY  OF  i/£iVjT£'P/iT  COUNTY. 


V.  Bean,  whose  parents  came  here  in  1849. 
Their  cliililren  are.  Herbert  E..  Famiie  ¥.,  Geor- 
gia L.,  and  Wabel. 

George  F.  Perkins  was  born  at  "Westminster, 
Wassachnsetts,  Jnne  9th.  1852.  He  moved  with 
his  parents  to  near  Monticello,  Minnesota,  in  1855, 
and  worl<ed  on  a  farm  until  sixteen  years  of  age. 
In  the  fall  of  1809  he  returned  east  to  attend 
school,  but  instead,  chose  to  learn  the  machinist's 
trade  and  served  his  apprenticeship  at  Fitchburg, 
Massacluisetts.  with  the  Fitchburg  Machine  Com- 
pany, and  retunied  to  Minneapolis  in  1876.  He 
entered  the  shops  of  Walker  Brothers  and 
during  the  same  year  opened  a  shop  of  his  own 
on  a  cash  capital  of  but  seventeen  dollars.  Ow- 
ing to  economy,  energy  and  perseverance  he  is 
now  at  the  head  of  liis  large  establishment. 

Herman  J.  Peters  was  born  at  Dayton.  Ohio, 
in  1855.  AVhen  a  boy  he  moved  to  Kansas  City, 
Missouri,  and  learned  the  trade  of  miller  while 
therein  the  Demond  mill.  He  worked  there  ten 
years  then  went  to  Houston,  Texas,  for  two  years, 
thence  to  this  city  in  June,  1879.  He  was  first  in 
the  employ  of  the  Empire  mill,  then  in  the  Cata- 
ract as  miller,  where  he  has  since  remained. 

Andrew  Peterson,  of  the  firm  of  Peterson  and 
Henland,  is  a  native  of  Sweden,  born  October, 
4th,  1844.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1866, 
first  locating  at  Hastings,  Minnesota.  In  1867 
he  went  to  Montana,  where  he  worked  at  the 
blacksmith's  trade  until  1871.  He  then  came  to 
this  city  and  engaged  in  the  Monitor  plow  works. 
In  April,  1880  he  began  dealing  in  oysters  and 
fish.  He  was  manied  in  1872,  to  Sarah  Ander- 
son, a  native  of  Sweden.  Tliey  have  four  child- 
ren: Carrie,  Annie,  (ieorge  W.,  and  baby. 

A.  G.  Peterson,  a  resident  of  2tIinneapolis,  was 
born  in  Denmark,  October  1st.  18.53.  He  came 
to  the  United  States  in  1868,  locating  at  Fairfield, 
Connecticut,  and  remained  there  until  1870, 
then  came  to  this  city,  and  in  1871  entered  a 
grocery  store  as  clerk;  three  years  later  he  started 
in  the  grocery  business  with  his  brother,  H.  C. 
Peterson.  In  1879,  he  sold  his  interest  to  his 
brother  and  engaged  in  business  for  himself,  at 
lliU3.  Third  Avenue  south.  He  married  Amelia 
J.  Hanson,  of  New  York  city,  in  1878.  They 
are  parents  of  one  child. 

H.  O.  Peterson,  a  native  of  Norway,  was  born 
in  1849.    He  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in 


1869,  and  first  located  in  St.  Cloud,  Minnesota. 
The  next  year  he  removed  to  Minneapolis,  where 
he  worked  in  the  saw  mills  of  the  city  until  1877. 
He  then  clerked  in  a  grocery  store  two  years, 
then  opened  an  establishment,  doing  business  for 
himself.  During  the  same  year,  he  added  a  stock 
of  crockery  ware,  and  in  March,  1»80,  a  full  line 
of  dry  goods  was  added.  He  now  occupies  two 
stores  at  1422  and  1424,  Washington  Avenue 
south.  He  was  mari-ied  in  1871,  to  Christine 
IJlfcken  of  Norway.    They  have  foiu"  children: 

I.  C.  Petersen,  is  a  native  of  Denmark,  horn 
December  13th,  1836.  He  learned  the  shoema- 
ker's trade  in  his  native  country.  In  1873  he 
came  to  the  United  States,  making  Faribault, 
Minnesota,  his  home  until  1877.  In  that  year  he 
removed  to  Minneapolis  and  worked  for  C.  A. 
Ileffelfinger  two  years,  when  he  opened  a  shop 
of  his  own  and  still  continues.  He  married  Miss 
Anna  Larson,  of  Norway,  in  1859.  They  have 
had  ten  children,  five  of  whom  are  living:  Elma, 
D.,  Charles,  Jennie  and  Fannie. 

:Martin  Peterson  was  born  in  Sweden,  in  1845. 
He  emigrated  to  America,  in  1868,  and  settled  at 
Lansing,  Iowa;  thence  to  Keokuk.  In  1871.  he 
came  to  Minnesota,  and  worked  at  railroad  con- 
ti-acting  in  Houston  and  Winona  counties,  until 
the  fall  of  1878,  then  came  to  this  city  and 
started  in  the  grocery  business  at  1501,  Washing- 
ton Avenue  south. 

Oliver  Petersen  is  a  native  of  Norway,  bom 
October  2d,  1S51.  He  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1866,  locating  at  La  Crosse,  Wisconsin,  re- 
maining three  years,  dealing  in  groceries  and  dry 
goods.  He  then  removed  to  Rushford.  Minne- 
sota; thence  to  St.  Paul  in  1870,  and  was  em- 
ployed five  years  b\'  the  St.  Paul  and  Sioux  City 
Railway  Company.  In  1877  he  returned  to  his 
native  country,  remaining  three  years.  He  then 
made  Minneapolis  his  home,  and  engaged  in  the 
saloon  business  at  821  Washington  Avenue  south. 
He  married  Carrie  Davison  in  1879.  who  bore 
him  one  child,  AVilliam. 

John  Petrasch  was  born  in  Bohemia.  October 
12th,  1829.  Here  he  spent  his  youth,  and  became 
familiar  with  the  shoemaker's  trade.  He  emi- 
grated to  the  United  States  in  18-59,  and  after 
passing  one  year  at  St.  Louis,  came  to  Minne- 
apolis, and  at  once  opened  a  boot  and  shoe  store  at 
25  First  street  south,  wliere  he  still  continues. 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


613 


M.  Pettingill  was  born  at  Cambridge,  Maine, 
in  1832.  At  eigliteen  years  of  age  lie  joined  liis 
parents  at  Omro,  Wisconsin,  they  having  moved 
there  one  year  previous.  After  a  stay  of  two 
years'  duration,  he  returned  east  and  was  em- 
ployed in  the  cotton  factories  eight  years,  after 
which  he  removed  to  Iowa,  but  finding  the 
country  too  new  for  business,  he  again  returned 
to  Omro,  and,  with  his  father,  opened  a  boot  and 
shoe  store.  He  traveled  through  the  north-west 
and  obtained  patents,  particularly  for  the  Pettin- 
gill draw-bar  for  car  coupling,  but  lacking  the 
necessary  means  he  was  unable  to  introduce  them 
into  general  use.  He  became  a  resident  of  JSIin- 
neapolis  in  1871,  and  opened  a  restaurant,  with  a 
shoe  shop  in  the  rear.  Four  years  later  he  leased 
the  Chalybeate  Springs,  where  he  now  resides. 
His  marriage  with  Miss  E.  D.  Harrington  occurred 
in  October,  1855.  They  have  six  children,  all  liv- 
ing at  home. 

E.  J.  Phelps,  of  the  firm  of  Phelps  and  Brad- 
street,  furniture  dealers,  came  to  Minneapolis  in 
April,  1878,  from  Aurora,  Illinois,  and  in  company 
with  J.  S.  Bradstreet  established  the  furniture 
business  at  421  and  423  Nicollet  Avenue.  Resi- 
dence at  1027  First  Avenue  north. 

William  Phipps  was  born  at  Maine,  Broome 
county,  New  York,  in  1829.  He  lived  on  a  farm 
until  twenty-one  years  of  age;  then  apprenticed 
as  a  carpenter.  In  1855  he  was  employed  by  the 
government,  and  went  to  Fort  Leavenworth, 
Kansas,  but  soon  returned  to  Illinois  on  account  of 
ill-health.  He  worked  at  his  trade  until  1857, 
when  he  came  to  Minnesota.  After  being  in  the 
employ  of  the  government,  working  in  different 
states,  he  located  at  Minneapolis  in  1872,  where 
he  has  since  lived,  employed  as  a  contractor  and 
builder.  In  1858  he  was  married  to  Miss  Kate 
Arnell,  who  died  in  June,  1864.  His  second  wife 
was  Arbilla  C.  Wilmot,  whom  he  mairied  in 
1866,  and  by  whom  lie  has  three  children:  Ross 
v.,  Willie  II.  and  Clifford.  Residence  at  25 
Seventh  street. 

John  Sargent  Pillsbury,  Governor  of  the  State 
of  Minnesota,  is  a  native  of  Sutton,  Merrimac 
county.  New  Hampshire,  born  July  29th,  1828. 
His  educational  advantages  during  boyhood  were 
limited  to  the  common  schools  of  his  native 
town.  At  an  early  age  he  commenced  learning 
the  painter's  trade,  but  when  about  sixteen  he 


entered  the  mercantile  business  as  salesman  in  a 
store  at  Warner.  Wlien  twenty-one  years  of  age 
he  formed  a  partnership  with  Walter  Harrimon, 
afterwards  Governor  of  New  Hampshire,  which 
continued  two  years.  He  then  removed  to  Con- 
cord, where  he  remained  four  years  in  the  busi- 
ness of  merchant  tailor  and  cloth  dealer.  In 
1853  he  made  a  tour  of  observation  throughout 
the  western  states,  and  in  1855  he  located  at  St. 
Anthony,  Minnesota,  engaging  in  the  hardware 
business  with  success.  In  addition  to  the  losses 
by  the  panic  of  1857.  his  establishment  was  de- 
stroyed by  fire,  entailing  a  loss  of  twenty-two 
thousand  dollars,  with  no  insurance;  but  by  hard, 
honest  labor  and  indefatigable  energy,  he  recov- 
ered, and  in  five  years  was  again  a  prosperous 
merchant.  In  1858  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  city  council  and  re-elected  for  six  successive 
years.  When  the  rebellion  broke  out  he  rendered 
efficient  service  in  organizing  the  Fii-st,  Second 
and  Third  Regiments  gf  Minnesota  Volunteers, 
and  in  1862,  in  company  with  others;  raised  and 
equipped  a  mounted  company  for  service  against 
the  Indians.  In  1863  he  was  appointed  one  of 
the  regents  of  tlie  University  of  Minnesota,  and 
its  present  gratifying  condition  is  largely  owing 
to  his  prudent  endeavors.  In  1872  he  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  flour  in  Minneapolis,  with 
his  nephew,  C.  A.  Pillsbury.  The  firm  of  C.  A. 
Pillsbury  and  Company  is  one  of  the  largest  man- 
ufacturers of  flour  in  the  world.  In  1863  he  was 
elected  state  senator  from  Hennepin  county,  and 
re-elected  for  four  following  terms,  and  again  in 
1872  and  the  succeeduig  term.  In  1875  Mr. 
Pillsbury  was  elected  Governor  and  re-elected  in 
1877  and  1879.  His  administration  has  been 
marked  by  a  thorougli  devotion  to  the  interests  of 
the  people  of  this  state.  He  married  in  Warner, 
New  Hampshire,  November  .3d,  1866,  Miss  Ma- 
hala  Fisk.  They  have  had  four  children:  Ida, 
Susie  May,  Sadie  Belle  and  Alfred  Fisk. 

Charles  F.  Pillsbury,  lawyer,  was  born  in  King- 
field,  Franklin  county,  Maine,  January  31st, 
1828.  He  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  Somerset  county,  Maine,  in  1854.  He  prac- 
ticed his  profession  m  Somerset  and  Franklin 
counties  until  September,  when  he  came  to  Min- 
neapolis and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the 
courts  of  Minneapolis  by  Judge  Vanderburgh  in 
December  of  the  same  year.    He  has  been  en- 


614 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


gaged  in  real  estate  business  in  connection  with 
Ms  law  practice.  He  is  one  of  five  brothers,  bom 
on  the  farm  at  Kinglield.  where  they  all  remained 
until  twenty-one  years  of  age.  Two  of  the  broth- 
ers are  lawyers,  one  a  minister,  one  a  merchant, 
and  one  a  physician.  Mr.  Pillsbury's  marriage 
with  Francis  H.  Boynton.  of  Xew  Portland, 
Maine,  occurred  in  1856.  They  have  had  four 
children,  two  of  whom  are  now  living,  a  son  and 
daughter.  In  1871.  a  son.  aged  twelve  met  his 
death  by  a  fall  on  tlie  ice  on  the  river. 

George  A.  Pillsbury,  son  of  John  and  Susan 
Pillsbury.  is  a  native  of  Sutton.  Merrimac  count>-, 
2sew  Hampshire,  born  August  29th.  1S16.  He 
received  a  common  school  education  in  his  na- 
tive to\\T3,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  he  went 
to  Boston  andj  secured  employment  as  clerk  in  a 
grocery  store.  He  remained  at  Boston  only  a 
httle  over  one  year,  when  he  retirrned  to  Sutton 
and  began  the  manufacture  of  stoves  and  sheet- 
iron  ware  in  company  with  his  cousin,  J.  C. 
Pillsbirry.  In  1840,  he  removed  to  Warner  as 
clerk  for  J.  H.  Pearson,  and  in  July  fi>llowing, 
he  purchased  the  business  and  conducted  the 
same.  He  was  postmaster  at  AVarner  from  1844 
to  1849,  also  held  other  oflBces  of  trust  and  prom- 
inence. In  18.51,  he  received  the  appointment  of 
purchasing  agent  for  the  Concord  railroad,  and 
occupied  that  position  until  1875.  He  became  a 
resident  of  Minneapolis  in  1878,  and  still  resides 
here.  He  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  C.  A.  Pills- 
bury and  Company,  and  also  holds  other  positions 
of  prominence.  He  married  Margaret  S.  Carle- 
ton  in  1841.  They  are  the  parents  of  two  sons, 
Charles  A.,  and  Fred.  C.  both  associated  vdth 
him  in  business.  Charles  is  a  graduate  of  Dart- 
mouth College  and  a  member  of  the  Minnesota 
state  senate. 

C.  E.  Ploch,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
May  22d,  1838.  He  emigrated  to  America  in 
1854,  making  New  York  his  home  where  he 
learned  liis  trade,  that  of  shoe-makmg,  and 
worked  at  it  until  1860.  He  then  removed  to 
South  Carolina,  remaining  seven  years,  then  came 
to  Minneapolis,  lie  w  as  employed  at  his  trade 
by  different  firms  until  1873,  when  he  opened  a 
store  of  his  own  at  508  Washington  Avenue 
north.  He  married  Doretta  Wille,  of  Germany 
in  1865.  Their  children  are,  Amelia,  Clara, 
Alicia  and  CeciUa. 


Frank  Plummer  was  born  at  Brooklyn,  Henne- 
pin coimty,  Mhmesota.  Jime  10th,  1855.  He 
lived  on  a  farm  until  1868,  then  attended  the 
graded  schools  of  St.  Paul  until  1871.  when  he 
entered  the  University  and  finished  his  studies  in 
1873.  He  entered  the  city  engineer's  oflSce  and 
remained  three  years,  and  the  next  spring  went 
to  the  Black  Hills,  remaining  tivo  years.  In 
May,  1880,  he  returned  and  opened  his  present 
office,  in  company  with  F.  H.  Xutter,  as  civil  en- 
gineer. In  tlie  fall  of  1880,  he  was  elected 
county  sirrveyor,  which  office  he  now  holds. 

George  Pomarleau  was  bom  in  Canada,  in  1845. 
He  came  to  Hennepin  county  in  1853,  and  for 
ten  years  lived  with  his  parents  on  a  farm.  The 
next  eight  years  he  was  employed  by  the  govern- 
ment, teaming  from  Fort  Snelling,  and  Fort  Ab- 
ercrombie.  He  is  now  proprietor  of  the  '•Phila- 
delphia Exchange,"  of  this  city,  215  First  street 
north.  He  was  married,  in  1873,  to  Miss  Victo- 
ria Blondio.  Three  children  have  been  bom  to 
them. 

E.  F.  Pomeroy  was  bom  at  Gran\dlle,  Massa- 
chusetts. June  7th.  1833.  He  came  to  Minneapo- 
lis in  ]May,  1880,  from  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa,  where 
he  had  been  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  soap. 
He  has  a  wife  and  five  children  all  Uving  in  this 
city.  He  is  of  the  firm  of  Pomeroy  and  Benuer, 
Minneapolis  Soap  Works. 

J.  L.  Pomeroy  is  a  native  of  Southhampton, 
^lassachusetts,  born  November  3d,  1818.  He  lo- 
cated at  Bassetfs  Creek  in  1855.  engagmg  in 
milling  under  the  firm  name  of  Pomeroy,  Bates 
and  Company,  in  which  he  continued  four  years, 
then  in  company  with  Mr.  Bassett  built  a  distil- 
lery, and  sold  out  in  1862  and  engaged  in  the 
liquor  business  in  this  city.  In  1874,  in  company 
with  E.  X.  Bates  and  Joseph  Day.  he  built  a  flour 
mill  at  Piedmont.  Missouri,  and  the  next  year  re- 
turned to  this  city  and  engaged  in  the  liquor 
business  at  the  comer  of  Second  street  and  First 
Avenue  south.  He  married  Lydia  T.  Thomas 
December  3d.  1840.  Their  children  are :  Martha 
E.,  Julia  C.  and  Edward  T. 

Father  T.  L.  Power,  pastor  of  the  Church  of 
the  Holy  Rosary,  was  bom  in  Waterford  county, 
Ireland,  March  17th,  1830.  He  attended  St. 
John's  College  in  his  native  country,  in  1849 
came  to  America,  and  went  to  St.  Rose,  Ken- 
tucky, where  he  became  a  member  of  the  Domin- 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


615 


lean  Order.  After  completing  his  theological 
studies  there,  he  went  to  Sinsinawa  Mound, 
Wisconsin,  and  in  July,  1856,  was  ordained  at 
Jililwaukee,  by  the  now  venerable  Archbishop 
Henni.  lie  remained  several  years  at  Sinsin- 
awa Mound,  then  went  to  Memphis,  Tennessee 
where  in  1867  he  suffered  a  severe  attack  of  yel- 
low fever.  In  1868  he  returned  to  Sinsinawa 
Mound,  wliere  he  remained  tliree  years,  then 
went  to  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  where 
he  assisted  in  tlie  erection  of  St.  Dominica's 
Church.  In  1878  he  came  to  Mmneapolis,  pur- 
chased the  present  site  of  the  Holy  Rosary,  and 
at  once  commenced  its  erection,  as  well  as  that 
of  the  convent,  which  is  under  his  supervision. 
Father  Power  states  that  upon  his  arrival  here 
he  bought  an  old  building  used  as  a  Swedish 
Church,  and  had  it  moved  to  his  grounds  for 
temporary  purposes.  In  this  old  building,  while 
it  was  yet  on  rollers,  in  the  middle  of  the  street, 
he  celebrated  his  first  mass. 

J.  M.  Pottle,  proprietor  of  the  Minne-ha-ha 
Carriage  Works,  established  his  business  in  1862, 
and  eight  years  after,  his  son,  J.  H.  Pottle,  was 
taken  as  partner,  making  the  present  firm  of  J. 
M.  Pottle  and  Son.  This  firm  employs  twenty- 
five  men,  doing  first-class  work,  wliicli  is  nearly 
all  done  to  order,  and  consists  of  buggies  and 
light  carriages.  Tlieir  works  cover  an  area  of 
125  X 160  feet,  at  117  Second  street  south. 

F.  E.  Pratt,  manufacturer  of  carriages,  sleighs, 
wagons,  etc.,  was  born  at  Bangor,  Maine,  in  1842. 
He  enlisted  in  1861,  and  served  until  his  dis- 
charge in  1865.  He  made  Michigan  his  home  for 
three  years,  and  in  1875  returned  to  his  native 
state,  remaining  two  years ;  then  came  to  Minne- 
apolis, where  he  has  since  resided  and  conducted 
a  lucrative  and  thriving  business.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  Fel)ruary,  1861. 

Otis  Arkwright  Pray  was  born  at  Livermore, 
Oxford  county,  Maine,  February  28th,  1833.  His 
great  grandfatlier  Pray,  who  was  a  soldier  in  the 
revolutionary  war,  emigrated  from  Scotland  to 
Connecticut,  thence  to  Oxford,  ilassachusetts. 
Otis'  father  being  a  mill-wright  and  farmer,  at 
the  age  of  eigliteen  he  decided  to  follow  his 
father's  trade,  and  was  apprenticed  as  such  at 
Lewiston,  to  D.  Beede.  After  serving  three 
years  as  an  apprentice,  he  formed  a  partnership 
with  Mr.  Beede,  which  continued  three  years, 


during  which  time  they  were  engaged  in  mill 
building  throughout  Maine.  In  1867  he  came  to 
Minneapolis,  and  first  built  a  saw-mill  up  the 
river;  tlien  was  employed  by  AV.  D.  Waslnuii  to 
assist  in  buildmg  the  great  Minneapolis  mill-dam. 
After  the  dam  was  fini.slied,  he  built  the  Cataract 
mill,  which  was  the  first  flouring-mill  on  tlie  west 
side.  He  then  removed  to  Afton,  on  St.  Croix 
Lake,  and  engaged  in  building;  then  returned, 
and  erected  the  Union  mill ;  thence  to  St.  Cloud, 
where  he  built  and  operated  a  mill  until  1866, 
when  he  again  returned  to  tliis  city,  and  has  been 
connected  with  tlie  business  interests  since.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  O.  A.  Pray  and 
Company,  iron  manufacturers.  He  married  June 
17th,  1858,  at  Wilton,  Maine,  Miss  Frances  A. 
Fenderson.  They  have  one  son,  Albert  Fender- 
son. 

A.  R.  Prescott  is  a  native  of  Vienna,  Maine, 
born  August  2Sth,  1838.  In  1875  he  went  to  New 
Brunswick,  and  sold  goods  on  the  road  from  St. 
Johns.  In  1877  he  located  at  Sussex,  New 
Brunswick,  and  for  three  years  kept  restaurant: 
then  made  this  city  his  home,  and  opened  a  res- 
taurant at  217  Central  Avenue.  He  was  married 
to  Mary  E.  Bridges,  in  1860,  who  bore  him  one 
child,  Charles  A.  Mrs.  Prescott  died  in  1864. 
His  second  wife  was  Lydia  A.  Bridges,  whom  he 
married  in  1865,  Children  :  Mary  E.,  Lorinda 
I.,  Lydia  E.,  and  Emma;  Laura  and  Effie,  died. 

Cliarles  H.  Prior  was  born  August  1st,  1833,  at 
Plainfield,  Connecticut.  He  moved  with  his  pa- 
rents to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1836,  where  he  at- 
tended the  public  schools  until  1848.  He  attended 
Oberlin  College  of  Ohio,  two  years,  then  at  Cleve- 
land University,  two  years,  completing  a  course 
as  civil  engineer  in  1852.  He  engaged  in  the 
pursuit  of  his  profession  until  1860  on  the  Lake 
Shore  and  Michigan  Southern  railroad,  the  Louis- 
ville and  Sandusky  City  railroad,  and  the  Mil- 
waukee and  Madison  railroad.  He  was  then  em- 
liloyed  in  ihe  operative  department  of  the  Chica- 
go, Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  railroad;  he  is  now 
and  has  been  for  ten  years  past,  superintendent 
of  that  company's  lines,  in  Iowa.  Minnesota  and 
Dakota.  He  was  married  in  1860,  at  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  to  Miss  Delia  M.  Noyes.  Their  children 
are:  Nellie  D.,  Joseph  II.,  and  Edith  L. 

L.  A.  Priest,  of  the  firm  of  L.  A.  Priest  and 
Company,  commission  merchants,  was  born  at 


616 


UISTOEY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Boston,  ilarch  17th,  1844.  lie  first  located  in 
business  at  Walpole,  Massachusetts,  remaining 
until  1877,  when  he  settled  for  a  short  time  in 
Chicago:  thence  to  Deadwood,  Dakota  territory-, 
where  he  was  connected  with  mining  interests 
until  his  removal  to  Minneapolis  in  1880.  He  has 
b?en  unusually  successful  as  a  commission  mer- 
chant, the  stock  in  trade  being  fruits,  produce, 
poultry,  game,  etc.  He  was  married  in  1878,  to 
Mary  "\'an  Xorman  of  Outiirio,  Canada. 

W.  H.  Priest  was  born  in  Essex  county.  New 
York,  in  1841.  In  early  life  he  accompanied  his 
p.irents  to  Illinois,  remaining  there  two  years; 
then  removed  to  Appleton,  "Wisconsin,  where  he 
remained  until  coming  to  this  city  in  1874.  He 
engaged  in  coopering,  and  was  foreman  for  Hall 
and  Dann  for  four  and  one-half  years.  He  en- 
tered the  Hennepin  County  Barrel  Company  in 
May,  1880.  and  is  now  a  member  of  that  organ- 
ization. He  was  married  in  1863  to  Miss  Louise 
Osborne.  Kesidence  at  610  Fourteenth  Avenue 
south. 

Charles  Proehl,  dealer  in  lime,  hair,  cement, 
plaster,  etc.,  was  born  in  Germany  in  1827.  He 
attended  the  public  schools  untU  fourteen  years 
of  age.  then  learned  the  tinde  of  stone-mason. 
He  emigrated  in  1854  to  Illinois,  and  after  re- 
maining a  few  months  came  to  Minneapolis  and 
has  since  made  this  his  home.  He  first  worked 
on  the  old  suspension  bridge,  and  in  1854  he  took  a 
claim  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  in  the  town- 
ship of  Plymouth,  which  he  gave  to  his  brother-in- 
law  and  half-brother.  In  1850  he  commenced  busi- 
ness as  contractor  for  stone  mason  work,  in  which 
he  continued  until  1867,  when  he  began  his  pres- 
ent business.  He  was  the  first  regular  dealer  in 
hair.  lime.  etc..  in  the  city.  It  was  he  who  built 
the  first  stone  foundation  for  a  building  'in  the 
city,  which  now  stands  on  the  comer  of  First 
street  and  Fourth  Avenue  north.  He  was  mar- 
ried m  .St.  Anthony  by  '-Squii-e"  Bostwiek,  in 
1855,  to  Lena  Peters  of  Prussia,  then  living  in 
Minneapolis. 

J.  J.  Provan  was  bom  at  Glasgow,  Scotland. 
May  3d,  1827.  He  learned  the  tailors'  trade 
the  year  in  which  Queen  Victoria  was  crowned. 
He  came  to  America  in  1852,  locating  at  Boston, 
where  he  remained  until  coming  to  Minneapolis 
in  1866.  He  first  opened  a  shop  on  2ilain  street. 
East  Division,  where  the  Pillsbury  A  mill  now 


stands.  He  opened  a  store  of  gents  furnishing 
goods,  in  connection  with  his  merchant  tailoring 
under  the  Pence  block.  In  1869  he  removed  to 
his  present  location,  8  Washington  Avenue 
north.  He  was  married  in  Boston,  to  Miss  Han- 
nah Ilowley,  in  1865,  who  died  December  3d, 
1873,  He  was  again  married  in  1875  to  Ellen  F. 
Holmes  of  this  city. 


CHAPTER  LXXXII. 

BIOGEAPniCAL  Q,  K  AND  S. 

Peter  Quady  is  a  native  of  Germany,  born  in 
1847.  He  came  to  the  United  States  when  a 
small  child,  locating  in  Jefferson  county,  Wiscon- 
sin, and  lived  on  a  farm  until  seventeen  years  of 
age,  then  went  in  the  woods  winters  and  worked 
in  the  saw-mills  summers.  In  1874  he  opened  a 
hotel,  and  has  since  been  in  that  business.  In 
1879  he  became  one  of  the  proprietors  of  Quady "s 
hotel,  in  this  city.  He  married  Miss  Hannora 
Carroll,  November  19th,  1877.  Michael  E.,  and 
Eobert  L.,  are  their  children. 

Robert  Quady,  was  born  in  Jefferson  county, 
Wisconsin,  January  6th,  1856,  He  came  to 
Minneapolis  in  1870,  and  for  six  years  worked  in 
the  woods,  also  in  the  mills.  In  1876  he  leased 
the  Green  Mountain  House,  of  which  he  was 
proprietor  three  years,  then,  in  company  with  his 
brother  opened  Quady "s  Hotel,  in  1879.  He 
married  Miss  Maggie  O'Brien  in  1877.  Their 
children  are:  Maggie  and  Mary  A. 

Thomas  G.  Rainey,  M.  D..  was  bom  at  Belfast, 
Ireland,  March  27th,  1845.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1863.  His  education  was  ob- 
tained partly  in  Ireland,  also  at  Hillsdale,  College, 
Michigan.  He  studied  at  the  Medical  University 
of  that  state,  and  graduated  with  the  degree  of 
M.  D.  in  March.  1872.  He  commenced  his  prac- 
tice immediately  at  Ionia,  and  remained  two 
and  one-half  years,  then  studied  in  New  York 
and  London  one  year.  He  relumed  to  America 
in  1876,  locating  at  Poilland,  Maine,  and  resumed 
practice.  In  1879,  he  became  a  resident  of  Min- 
neapolis, where  has  since  practiced  his  profession. 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


617 


John  P.  Eank,  a  native  of  Gennany,  was  bom 
in  1829.  lie  came  to  the  United  States  in  1843, 
and  remained  eleven  years  witli  liis  parents  on  a 
farm  in  Canada.  In  185-1,  lie  came  to  Minneapo- 
lis and  worked  in  the  woods  one  winter,  the  year 
following  engaged  in  tlie  grocery  business.  In 
1863,  lie  bought  a  building  in  which  he  kept 
saloon  until  it  burned  in  1868.  He  erected  a  new 
building  on  that  site,  and  in  1874  again  opened  a 
saloon  where  he  now  is.  He  married  Miss  Mary 
Gluck  in  1859,  Edward,  John,  Louisa,  Kate, 
Henry,  Louis,  Anna,  Frederick  and  Otto,  are  the 
children. 

N.  Raths  was  born  at  Luxembourg,  October 
27th,  1839.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1855,  locating  first  in  Iowa.  In  1864,  he  removed 
to  Minnesota  and  engaged  in  farming  in  the 
suburbs  of  Miunneapolis,  until  1870,  when  he 
started  a  grocery  store  at  1307  Washington  Ave- 
nue nortli,  in  which  he  is  still  doing  a  tliriving 
business,  and  owns  the  property  on  which  he  is 
located.  His  marriage  with  Anna  Bofferding  oc- 
cured  in  1867.  They  have  five  children  living, 
Maggie,  Nanny,  Willie,  Philomeiia  and  George. 

Jacob  Rauen  is  a  native  of  Prussia,  bom  No- 
vember 1st,  1836.  At  twenty  years  of  age.  he 
came  to  the  United  States  and  first  located  on  a 
farm  in  Crystal  Lake,  Hennepin  county,  Jlinne- 
sota.  Here  he  remained  until  1868,  when  he  re- 
moved to  this  city,  and  the  next  year  built  the 
Ilarmonia  House,  which  he  still  owns.  This 
hotel  was  managed  by  him  until  1877,  when  he 
retired  from  active  business  on  account  of  poor 
health.  He  was  foreman  of  the  old  Gerniaiiia 
Hose  Company  four  years,-aiid  assistant  engineer 
of  the  Minneapolis  fire  department  two  years. 
He  married  Miss  Ernestine  Stultzman,  of  Ger- 
many in  1865.  They  have  three  children  livuig, 
Henrietta  J.,  Annie  C.  and  Charles. 

Peter  Rauen,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
October  17th,  1834.  He  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1854,  and  remained  in  Chicago  two 
years,  then  located  in  St.  Anthony,  and  is  one  of 
the  old  pioneers  of  this  region.  He  removed  to 
St.  Paul  and  remained  until  1S59,  wnen  he  re- 
turned and  commenced  in  the  grocery  and  general 
merchandise  business,  at  the  corner  of  Plymouth 
and  Washington  Avenues,  wliicli  he  has  since 
continued.  He  is  now  the  oldest  German  grocer 
in  the  city,  and  has  accimiulated  much  valuable 


property.  He  was  married  in  1854  to  Christina 
Thielen,  of  Germany.  They  have  had  twelve 
children;  six  are  now  living:  Annie,  Jacob,  Mary, 
Susan,  Josephine  and  Lizzie. 

Thomas  Raymond  was  born  in  Rindge, 
New  Hampshire,  May  2d,  1830.  In  1855  he 
went  to  Moline,  Illinois,  and  engaged  in  manu- 
facturing pails  and  tubs  for  nine  years.  He  re- 
moved to  Minneapolis  in  1864,  was  in  the  same 
business  for  five  years,  and  for  six  years  follow- 
ing was  employed  in  flouring  mills  and  furniture 
factories.  Since  1876,  he  has  been  in  the  employ 
of  Washburn  and  Company.  His  marriage  with 
Miss  Hannah  Longton  occurred  in  1856.  They 
are  parents  of  five  children:  William  S.,  Ida  I., 
Lulu  L.,  Charles  and  George. 

L.  W.  Raymeiiton  was  born  at  Chester,  Ver- 
mont, November  18tli,  1852.  He  received  an 
academic  course  at  Burr  and  Burton's  Seminary, 
at  Manchester,  Vermont,  in  1872,  and  attended 
Middlebury  College  one  year,  after  which  he  re- 
turned to  his  native  town.  He  read  law  at  the 
following  places:  at  Chester,  with  Hugh  Henry; 
at  Uxbridge,  Massachusetts,  with  George  W. 
Ilobbs;  at  Worcester,  with  C.  A.  Merrill,  and  in 
the  summer  of  1879  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
He  removed  to  Minneapolis  the  fall  following, 
and  opened  an  office  in  company  with  G.  W.  Ilael 
in  April,  1880.  The  firm  is  known  as  Hael  and 
Raymenton. 

Judge  John  P.  Rea  was  born  October  13th, 
1840,  in  Lower  Oxford  township,  Chester  coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania.  His  father  owned  a  woolen 
factory,  and  he  passed  his  time  tliere  and  at- 
tending school,  until  September,  1870.  when  he 
went  to  Piqua,  Ohio,  where  he  taught  school, 
lie  enlisted  in  1861  in  company  B,  Eleventh 
Ohio  Infantry,  being  one  of  the  first  in  the  state 
to  enlist.  He  served  in  that  regiment  four 
months,  when  he  was  commissioned  as  second 
lieutenant  of  company  I,  First  Ohio  Cavalry  ;  he 
was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant  March  12th,  1862, 
and  in  April  of  the  next  year  to  the  rank  of  cap- 
tain, and  soon  after  was  brevetted  major.  He 
served  in  the  regiment  three  years  and  four 
months,  having  been  absent  only  ten  days,  seven 
of  which  he  was  a  prisoner  and  three  days  sick. 
In  1865  he  entered  the  Wesleyan  College  at  Dele- 
ware,  Ohio;  he  graduated  in  the  classical  course 
in  June,  1867.    During  the  vacation  of  1866  he 


618 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


entered  the  office  of  Hon.  O.  J.  Dickey,  Lancas- 
ter, Tennsylvania,  as  a  law  student  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  there  in  August,  1868.  In 
Marcli  of  the  next  year  he  was  api)ointed  one  of 
the  three  notaries  public  of  Lancaster,  by  Gover- 
nor Geai-y.  April  12th,  1869  he  was  appointed 
by  President  Grant,  assessor  of  internal  revenue 
for  the  Ninth  district  of  Pennsylvania,  which 
office  he  held  until  it  was  abolished  by  law  in 
1873.  He  continued  practicing  law  in  Lancaster 
until  December,  1875,  when  he  removed  to  Min- 
neapolis. January  2d,  1876,  he  became  editor  of 
the  I\Iinneapolis  Tribune  and  remained  in  that  con- 
nection until  May,  1877.  He  once  more  resumed 
bis  practice  and  in  November  of  that  year  was 
chosen  probate  judge  and  re-elected  in  1879.  He 
married  Emma  M.  Gould  of  Ohio,  October  26th, 
1869. 

Gustavus  Rees,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  bom 
June  18th,  1818.  He  came  to  America  in  1854, 
was  in  the  mercantile  business  until  1871,  when 
he  came  Muineapolis,  and  became  a  partner  of 
his  brother  in  a  clothing  establishment. 

R.  Rees  was  born  in  Germany,  in  February, 
1842.  He  came  to  America  in  1854,  and  engaged 
in  the  mercantile  business,  until  1869,  when  he 
located  in  Minneapolis,  and  opened  a  clothing 
store.    The  firm  name  is  R.  Rees  and  Brother. 

Louis  RehU  a  resident  of  Jlinneapolis,  was 
born  in  Germany,  in  1849.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1865;  and  was  in  the  Lake  Su- 
perior copper  mines,  working  at  his  trade,  that 
of  blacksmith,  three  years,  then  came  to  this 
city.  He  was  employed  as  a  blacksmith  several 
years,  then  opened  an  establishment  of  his  own 
at  No.  1817,  Riverside  Avenue,  corner  of  Fourth 
street  south.  He  is  a  manufactiuer  of  wagons 
also  the  patent  meat  blocks  for  butchers.  Hemar- 
ried  Henrietta  Paul  in  1868,  who  bore  him  four 
children. 

L.  M.  Reid  was  born  at  Cedarville,  Ohio,  June, 
1852.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1865,  and  at- 
tended school  here,  after  whicli  he  clerked  for 
Kelly,  Reid  and  Wagner.  He  had  an  interest  in 
the  North  Star  Boot  and  Shoe  Company  for  three 
years,  then  went  into  the  present  business  of 
plumbing,  gas  tilting,  etc.  The  lirm  name  is 
Cauvet  and  Reid.  Mr.  Reid  was  married  in  1876, 
to  Miss  Frankie  Cook,  of  this  city.  They  have 
two  children:  Finley  Earle  and  Harry  Fayette. 


A.  M.  Reid,  president  of  the  North  Star  Boot 
and  Shoe  Company,  was  born  in  Greene  county, 
Ohio,  in  1829.  Here  he  received  his  early  educa- 
tion, and  upon  reaching  man's  estate  was  in 
manufacturing  and  general  merchandise  business 
for  fifteen  years.  Having  concluded  to  go  west 
he  visited  all  important  cities  west  of  the  Jlissis- 
sippi,  for  the  purpose  of  finding  a  desirable  place 
in  which  to  permanently  settle.  Upon  arriving 
at  Miimeapolis  he  decided  to  look  no  further,  but 
returned  to  an-ange  his  business,  which  he  did, 
and  located  here  with  his  family  in  November, 
I860.  He  did  not  resume  an  active  business  life 
until  he  became  one  of  the  firm  of  Kelly,  Reid 
and  Wagner,  wholesale  grocers,  in  1870.  He  was 
one  of  those  who  organized  the  North  Star  Boot 
and  Shoe  Company,  and  was  secretary  and 
treasiu'er  of  the  company  until  1877,  when  he  was 
elected  its  president.  He  was  married  in  1848,  to 
Julia  Miller,  of  Ohio.  Finley  M.,  Lafayette  M., 
and  Ada  Viola,  now  Mrs.  F.  E.  Hesler,  are  their 
children. 

F.  M.  Reid,  secretary  of  the  North  Star  Boot 
and  Shoe  Company,  was  born  in  Greene  county, 
Ohio,  July  15th,  1850.  He  came  with  his  parents 
to  Minneapolis  in  I860,  and  received  his  education 
at  the  common  and  high  schools  of  the  city.  His 
first  experience  in  mercantile  pursuits  was  with 
the  firm  of  Kelly,  Reid  and  Wagner,  wholesale 
grocers,  his  father  being  a  member  of  the  firm. 
He  was  employed  next  by  the  North  Star  Boot 
and  Shoe  ('ompany  as  their  first  book-keeper.  He 
opened  and  kept  the  first  set  of  books  used  by  the 
company.  He  was  soon  promoted  to  the  position 
of  secretary,  which  he  still  holds  with  credit.  He 
was  married  in  1878,  to  Jennie  M.  Higgins, 
daughter  of  M.  L.  Higgins,  of  Minneapolis,  who 
has  borne  him  one  child,  Bessie  M. 

AVilliam  H.  Keid  is  a  native  of  Ontario,  Can- 
ada, born  May  17th,  1856.  He  learned  milling  at 
home  and  worked  four  years  at  Spicerville,  Can- 
ada, and  has  since  then  worked  in  mills  at  differ- 
ent points  in  Minnesota  and  Wisconsui.  He 
came  to  Minneapolis,  March,  ISSO,  and  engaged 
with  the  Pettit  mill  as  grinder,  and  has  since 
been  with  this  firm. 

S.  T.  Rhuart  was  born  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  De- 
cember 27th,  1850.  During  the  spring  of  1871  he 
came  to  Minneapolis  and  for  six  years  worked  at 
blacksmithing.    In  1877  he  became  the  proprietor 


BIOOBAFHICAL. 


619 


of  the  Washington  Avenue  House,  which  is 
owned  by  C.  M.  Warner.  He  married  Miss  Mary 
Sexton,  Marcli  4th,  1877.  Albert  II.  and  Maggie 
I.  are  their  cliildren. 

S.  M.  Kich  was  born  in  Boston,  DecemVter  2d, 
1851.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1879,  and  en- 
gaged in  dealing  in  oysters,  salt,  dried  and  canned 
fish,  which  is  exclusively  wholesale.  His  trade 
extends  throughout  Miimesota,  Iowa,  Wisconsin 
and  Dakota,  and  its  growth  has  been  very  exten- 
sive. Mr.  Rich  was  married  in  1873,  to  Mary  A. 
W.  Brigham,  of  Boston.  They  have  three  chil- 
dren: Mortimer  B.,  John  H.  and  Henry  L. 

Edward  A.  Richards  was  born  in  Berlin,  Wis- 
consin, September  17th,  1850.  He  came  to  Min- 
neapolis in  1872  and  worked  in  the  Washburn  A 
mill  five  years.  After  the  explosion  he  was  em- 
ployed in  the  Pillsbury  mill  until  the  Washburn 
C  started,  and  since  been  in  this  mill.  He  mar- 
ried Mary  Eckes  in  1877.  Their  children  are, 
Nellie  and  George. 

C.  H.  A.  Richter  is  a  native  of  Prussia,  boi-n 
June  4th,  1837.  In  October,  1863,  he  came  to 
the  United  States.  He  made  Springfield,  Illinois, 
his  home  two  years,  then  to  Brownsville,  Minne- 
sota. In  1866,  he  came  to  IMinneapolis  and 
worked  two  years  at  tailoring,  then  removed  to 
St.  'Peter  and  taught  school  two  years.  He  re- 
turned to  this  city  in  1870,and  has  since  been  in  the 
saloon  business  at  317  Wasliington  Avenue  north. 
He  married  Mary  L.  Kletzin  in  1868.  Henry, 
Fritz,  Emma  and  Ida  are  their  children. 

F.  C.  Rideout  was  born  in  Maine,  in  1852,  and 
there  received  his  education.  In  1876,  he  came 
to  Minneapolis  and  at  once  commenced  dealing  in 
flour  and  feed.  He  and  his  partner,  Mr.  Albert 
Bailey,  are  owners  of  a  feed  mill  of  one  run  of 
stone  at  401  Sixth  Avenue  south,  and  a  two-run 
mill  at  corner  Second  street  and  Fourteenth  Ave- 
nue north.  Mr.  Rideout  w^as  married  to  Miss 
Mary  E.  Bailey,  November,  Stli,  1879.  Residence 
407  Fourth  street  south. 

Theodore  Miles  Riley,  rector  of  Holy  Trinity 
Episcopal  Church,  was  born  at  Carlisle,  Pennsyl- 
vania, June  9th,  1842.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  class  of  1861  at  Dickinson  College,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  of  1863  of  the  Theological  Seminary 
of  New  York.  Was  ordained  deacon  in  June, 
1863,  by  Bishop  Potter  of  New  York,  and  passed 
his  deaconate  at  Newburgh,  New  York,  as  as- 


sistant to  the  Venerable  Dr.  John  Brown,  rector 
of  St.  George's,  Newburgh.  Ordained  to  the 
priesthood  by  Bishop  Potter,  Jime  10th,  1866. 
First  parish  was  All  Saints  Memorial,  at  High- 
lands, Navasink,  New  Jersey,  from  January, 
1866  to  1868.  After  spending  the  winter  in 
Oxford,  England,  returned  and  accepted  the  rec- 
torship of  St.  Paul's,  Winona,  Minnesota,  re- 
maining there  until  October,  1872.  He  then  be- 
ing elected  rector  of  St.  Cumming's  parish,  Phil- 
adelphia, entered  upon  its  duties  the  first  Sunday 
in  Advent  of  the  same  year,  there  remaining  un- 
til the  imperative  order  came  to  leave  the  labori- 
ous charge  to  return  to  Minnesota  as  rector  of 
Holy  Trinity,  of  Minneapolis,  January  15th, 
1876.  lie  also  performed  the  duties  of  rector  at 
Fort  Snelling  for  several  years.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  ecclesiastical  court  of  this  diocese,  one  of 
the  bishop's  examining  chaplains,  and  was  twice 
a  supplementary  deputy  to  the  general  convention, 
taking  a  seat  as  deputy  in  the  latter  part  of  the 
general  convention  of  1880. 

Rev.  John  Ring  was  born  in  Sweden  in  1859. 
Was  in  the  army  tlurteen  years  ;  entered  as  a 
private  and  was  promoted  to  an  ofiflcer.  He  was 
converted  while  there  and  held  prayer  meetings 
in  camp,  converting  many ;  was  honorably  dis- 
charged for  holding  divine  service  in  camp ; 
then  went  into  missionary  work  and  was  con- 
fined in  prison  thirty-one  days  for  preaching 
between  the  hours  of  ten  and  twelve  on  Sunday, 
it  being  a  law  that  none  but  regularly  ordained 
Lutheran  ministers  should  preach  during  that 
time.  He  converted  the  jailor  wliile  confined. 
Came  to  America  in  1866,  and  organized  a  church 
in  Chicago;  preached  three  years,  commencing 
with  thirty  and  leaving  with  150  members. 
AVent  to  Wisconsin  in  1869  and  organized  a 
church  at  Trade  Lake,  and  one  at  Grantsburg ; 
preached  there  three  years.  Came  to  Minneapo- 
lis in  1872  and  organized  the  present  church. 
Went  to  Omaha  in  1874,  preached  three  years 
there  and  in  Council  Bluffs.  Then  to  Kirwan, 
Iowa,  in  1877,  to  the  Swede  Baptist  church  for 
three  years,  then  returned  to  Minneapolis  in  July, 
1880.  Was  married  in  1850,  to  Miss  Erickson, 
who  died  in  1856,  leaving  three  children:  Martha, 
Christian  and  Jolni.  Married  again  in  1875,  to 
Martie  C.  AVicklund. 

Andrew  Rinker,  city  engineer,  was  born  in 


620 


HTSTOIiT  OF  HEh'NEPIN  COUNTY. 


Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  April  15th.  1849. 
After  completing  his  education  as  civil  engineer, 
he  obtained  the  office  of  surveyor  of  the  ninth  dis- 
trict of  Philadelphia  in  1866,  which  position  he 
filled  four  years.  He  was  then  engaged  as 
draughtsman  in  the  registry  bureau  one  year, 
when  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  accepted  the 
office  of  assistant  city  engineer,  and  served  until 
1875.  He  then  formed  a  partnership  with  George 
W.  Cooley,  civil  engmeer  and  surveyor,  of  this 
city.  In  18V6  he  engaged  in  business  for  himself, 
and  in  1877  was  appointed  city  engineer,  w  hich  he 
still  holds.  He  was  married  in  1876,  to  Miss 
Susie  E.  Johnson.  They  have  one  daughter, 
Florence.    Residence,  18  Tenth  street  south. 

Lewis  Eober  was  born  at  Baldwinsville,  Onon- 
daga county,  New  York.  November  11th,  1855. 
He  became  a  resident  of  Minneapolis  in  ISSO.  and 
engaged  in  the  Xorth-westeni  mill  as  machinist. 
He  resides  at  corner  of  Eighth  Avenue  and 
Fourth  street  south. 

William  P.  Roberts  was  born  in  Montgomery 
county,  Pennsylvania,  but  when  quite  young  ac- 
companied his  parents  to  Hartford  county.  Mary- 
land, where  his  father  died  in  1858.  They  re- 
turned to  the  old  homestead  in  Pennsylvania 
where  he  passed  his  time  until  1863,  when  he  en- 
listed in  the  Forty-seventh  Pennsylvania  Volun- 
teer Militia,  but  was  soon  commissioned  as  second 
lieutenant  in  the  Forty-fifth  United  States  Col- 
ored Infantry,  then  was  promoted  to  first  lieu- 
tenant in  August,  1865,  and  was  discharged  De- 
cember loth  of  that  year.  In  January,  1866,  he 
entered  the  State  Normal  School  at  Millersville. 
Pennsylvania,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1867, 
and  immediately  enter^^d  the  law  school  at  Ann 
Arbor.  Michigan,  graduating  in  March.  1869.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  l>y  the  circuit  court  of 
AVashtenaw  county,  Michigan,  the  same  year. 
He  soon  came  west  and  began  his  practice  in  Ne- 
braska Citj'.  Nebraska.  In  1874  he  came  to  Min- 
neapolis and  the  following  spring  opened  an  office 
where  he  has  passed  the  gi-eater  portion  of  the 
time  since  in  the  dilligent  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion. He  is  now  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of 
Benton.  Benton  and  Roberts.  His  marriage  with 
Miss  Anna  2*1.  Pugh  occurred  at  Oxford,  Penn- 
sylvania, in  1869.  He  was  made  a  w^idower  in 
1870.  Six  years  after,  he  married  Miss  Agnes  D. 
Taggait.    They  have  two  children. 


James  Robertson,  head  miller  of  the  Model 
mill,  is  a  native  of  Scotland,  born  October,  1842. 
He  came,  with  his  parents,  to  America,  when  a 
babe,  and  located  at  Racine,  Wisconsin.  He 
learned  milling  at  Racine,  where  he  remained 
until  1871,  when  he  removed  to  Lanesboro,  Min- 
nesota; he  remained  three  years,  then  located  in 
this  city  in  1875.  He  was  employed  in  the  Da- 
kota mill  three  years,  and  has  since  been  in 
charge  of  the  Model  mill. 

L.  R.  Robertson  was  born  near  Ithaca,  New- 
York.  September  3d,  1847.  He  acquired  a  knowl- 
edge of  telegraphy  when  fifteen  years  of  age,  and 
operated  at  Ottawa.  Canada,  nine  months.  He 
was  then  transferred  to  Rouse's  Point.  New 
York:  he  was  at  that  place  when  the  news  of  the 
assassination  of  President  Lincoln  was  sent  over 
the  wires.  In  1865  he  came  west,  his  parents 
having  preceded  him,  to  ^Visconsin,  and  was  soon 
after  sent  to  Minneapolis  by  the  president  of  the 
North-western  Telegraph  Company.  On  coming 
here  he  took  charge  of  the  office  in  1866,  and  is 
now  manager  of  the  same.  He  was  married  in 
1870,  to  E.  Louisa  Waters,  of  this  city.  They 
have  two  children.  Phillip  W.  and  Raymond. 

D.  L.  Robinson  was  born  at  Falmouth,  Mas- 
sacluisetts,  in  1845.  He  located  in  Minneapolis 
in  the  fall  of  1875,  and  was  one  year  with  S;  B. 
Mattison  in  the  omnibus  business,  also  one  year 
with  W.  L.  Nichols.  The  firm  of  Robinson  and 
^Mead  was  then  formed.  Their  livery  stable  is 
of  stone  47x174  feet;  with  room  for  ninety  horses, 
located  at  220  Third  street  south.  Mr.  Robinson 
was  married  in  1871  to  Ellen  E.  Kimball,  of  Wi- 
nona. Ethel  W.  and  Ella  O..  twins,  and  Louis 
K.,  are  their  children. 

A.  C.  Robinson  was  bom  in  St.  Lawrence  coun- 
ty.New  York  in  1841.  He  learned  the  carpenters" 
trade  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  and  has  been  engaged 
in  the  pursuit  of  his  trade  continuously,  except 
three  yeare  passed  in  the  army.  He  enlisted  in  the 
fall  of  1861.  in  the  Sixtieth  New  York  Volun- 
teers. He  received  a  wound  at  Lookout  Mount- 
ain from  which  he  suffered  for  five  yeare.  He  was 
discharged  from  the  hospital  in  1864.  and  at  once 
returned  to  St.  Lawrence  county,  remaining  un- 
til 1866,  when  he  removed  to  Marseilles,  Illinois, 
engaged  in  contracting  and  building.  After  the 
Chicago  fire  he  passed  the  winter  there  taking 
contracts.    In  the  spring  of  1872  he  located  at 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


621 


Worthington,  Minnesota,  making  it  his  home 
eight  years,  wlien  he  came  to  Minneapohs  and  at 
once  made  himself  known  as  a  contractor  and 
builder,  which  business  he  still  follows. 

Charles  Robinson,  register  of  deeds  of  Henne- 
pin county,  was  born  at  Allegheny  City,  Penn- 
sylvania, September  llth,  1839 ;  he  moved  to  New 
Castle  and  there  remained  until  1857,  wlien  he 
came  to  Minneapolis  and  worked  in  a  harness 
shop  one  year,  then  learned  photography  and  be- 
gan business,  continuing  until  the  spring  of  1862. 
He  then  went  with  the  army  of  the  Potomac  as 
mail  agent,  suttler's  clerk,  etc.,  until  the  seven 
days'  retreat,  when  he  returned  home,  but  soon 
after  entered  the  western  army,  with  the  inten- 
tion of  taking  pictures,  but  was  taken  prisoner  at 
Fort  Pillow;  his  apparatus  was  burned  and  he 
was  robbed  of  his  money  and  all  his  clothing  ex- 
cept what  he  had  on.  He  borrowed  money 
enough  to  return  home.  On  arriving  he  be- 
gan working  on  a  farm,  continuing  until  the 
spring  of  1868,  when  he  entered  the  register  of 
deeds  office  as  clerk.  He  was  deputy  register  si.x 
years  and  was  elected  register  in  1877,  and  re- 
elected in  1879.  He  was  married  at  Minneapolis 
in  1871,  to  Mrs.  Annie  Merritt.  Two  children 
have  been  born  to  them:  Charles  and  Flor- 
ence P. 

S.  C.  Robinson  was  born  in  Cumberland  coun- 
ty. New  Jersey,  March  1st,  1831.  At  the  age  of 
fifteen  he  went  from  home  to  work  on  a  farm  and 
two  years  later  apprenticed  as  carpenter,  and 
served  until  twenty-one  years  of  age.  He  then 
moved  to  Millville,  New  Jersey,  and  engaged  in 
his  trade.  In  1858  he  removed  to  Minneapolis. 
For  six  years  he  was  foreman  for  Eastman,  Gib- 
son and  Company,  in  the  eoo|)ering  department, 
then  engaged  in  contracting  and  building.  In  1876 
he  entered  the  firm  of  Bardwell,  Robinson  and 
Company.  He  was  married  in  1852,  to  Miss 
Mary  Dare.  Their  children  are  Charles  N.,  and 
Mary  W. 

Charles  N.  Robinson  was  born  at  Millville,  New 
Jersey,  January  llth,  1853.  He  came  with  his 
parents  to  Minneapolis,  when  five  years  of  age  ; 
attended  the  city  schools  and  for  two  years  was  a 
student  at  the  University.  Since  leaving  school 
he  has  been  in  business  with  his  father,  S.  C. 
Robinson,  in  contracting  and  building,  with  the 
exception  of  one  year,  during  which  he  was  em- 


ployed in  scaling  logs  for  Day  and  Son.  He  is 
now  a  partner  of  the  firm  of  Bardwell,  Robinson 
and  Company,  in  the  manufacture  of  sash,  doors, 
blinds,  etc.,  at  the  foot  of  Thirteenth  Avenue 
south.  H^was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Kate 
Eveland  in  1875.  They  have  one  son,  Frank. 
A  son,  George  D.,  died  in  infancy. 

JI.  Roeller  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1845.  He  ac- 
companied his  parents-to  St.  Paul  in  1852.  where 
he  received  his  education,  remaining  until  1864. 
After  spending  some  time  in  traveling,  he  located 
at  Chicago;  thence  removing  to  New  Haven,  Con- 
necticut, where  he  remained  six  years.  He  then 
came  to  Minneapolis,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
He  is  extensively  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
carriages.  His  marriage  with  Miss  Paulina  Dol- 
sen  of  St.  Paul  occurred  June  10th,  1873.  Resi- 
dence, 1212  Seventh  street  south. 

B.  C.  Rogers  was  born  in  Vermont  in  1836. 
He  came  to  Miiuieapolis  in  1878,  and  since  Feb- 
ruary, 1880,  he  has  been  proprietor  of  the  New 
York  restaurant  at  114  Hennepin  Avenue.  It 
has  a  seating  capacity  for  seventy-five.  Mr.  Rog- 
ers married  Elvira  Walker  in  1874,  who  bore  him 
one  chUd,  Leroy  C. 

G.  D.  Rogers  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  Septem- 
ber 30th,  1830.  At  eight  years  of  age  he  moved  to 
Oswego,  New  York,  remaining  until  1847,  when 
he  returned  to  Pennsylvania.  In  1854  he  re- 
moved to  La  Fayette  county,  Wisconsin,  and  en- 
gaged in  farming  and  milling  until  18G2.  He  en- 
listed in  the  Thirty-first  Wisconsin  Infantry, 
commissioned  as  captain.  After  serving  nine 
months  as  such  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
major;  one  month  later  he  was  commissioned 
lieutenant  colonel  and  next  colonel.  In  the  fall 
of  1865  he  was  discharged,  after  which  he  went 
to  Iowa,  speculating  in  grain.  In  1874  he  came 
to  Minneapolis,  where  he  has  since  been  engaged 
in  the  wholesale  grain  and  commission  business. 
He  married  Sarah  M.  (Jillett  in  1853.  Their 
children  are  Plum  A.  and  Emma. 

N.  Rogers  was  born  at  Adrian,  iSIichigan,  in 
1836.  At  the  age  of  seventeen,  he  went  with 
his  parents  to  Decorah,  Iowa,  where  they  had  a 
saw  and  gcist-mill.  He  remained  there  six  years, 
when  the  whole  family  removed  to  Leavenworth, 
Kansas,  in  1861.  His  father  built  a  steam  saw 
and  grist-mill  at  that  place  which  he,  N.  Rogers, 
run  two  years.    He  spent  a  number  of  years  in 


S22 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Iowa  and  AVisconsin,  coming  to  Jilinneapolis  in 
1874,  and  lias  been  in  the  Cataract  and 
Standard  mills  since.  He  married  Miss  Lydia 
Griswold  in  1859.  Their  children  are  Albert  Har- 
lan, William  F.,  Edward  F.  and  Clarefice  E. 

Richard  Rogers  was  born  at  Ripley,  Maine, 
June  8th.  183-5.  lie  worked  with  his  father  at 
mill-wrighting  and  milling.  In  18.53,  he  went 
with  Gov.  Stearns  on  the  Oregon  expedition  as 
far  as  Cheyenne  river;  he  ret>n-ned  alone,  and  on 
foot  as  far  as  Sauk  Rapids.  In  1859,  be  went 
from  St.  Joseph,  Missonri.  to  Honey  Lake  Valley, 
California.  Returned  to  Illinois,  and  in  1861,  en- 
listed in  the  Forty-seventh  Illinois  Brigade;  was 
three  years  with  that  brigade.  Eighth  Wisconsin, 
Eleventh  Jlissouri  and  Fifth  ^linnesota,  known 
as  the  Eagle  Brigade,  commanded  by  J.  Mowere. 
He  contracted  a  disease  of  the  eyes  which  at  first 
was  not  thought  serious,  but  finally  resulted  in 
total  blindness,  in  June,  1871.  He  has  received 
full  pension  since  his  discharge.  His  wife  was 
Miss  JS'ora  Jones,  of  Peoria,  Illinois,  whom  he 
married  in  1865.  She  died  at  Peoria  in  1871. 
He  lives  at  128  Flournoy  street,  Chicago. 

Richard  C.  Rogers  was  born  at  Hopkins,  Xew 
Hampshire,  April  20th,  1802.  In  early  childhood 
he  accompanied  his  parents  to  Ripley,  Maine, 
where  he  lived  until  1848,  when  he  came  to  Fort 
Snelling.  Fifteen  hundred  Indians  arrived  the 
same  day,  en  route  for  Crow  Wing  and  adjacent 
points,  sent  from  former  localities  in  Wisconsin. 
In  1851  his  family  joined  him  here,  locating  where 
he  now  lives  at  207  Second  street  south.  East 
Minneapolis.  The  west  side  was  then  included 
m  the  military  reservation.  Mr.  Rogers  worked 
first  on  a  mill  near  tlie  mouth  of  Bassetfs  creek. 
He  made  two  trips  to  California,  and  with  that  ex- 
ception has  lived  here  since  his  first  amval.  He 
has  retired  from  active  life,  and  now  enjoys  the 
fiiiits  of  his  labors.  He  married  Miss  JIary  Wat- 
son, who  bore  him  five  children.  She  died  in 
1860  during  Mr.  Rogers'  absence  in  California. 
Six  years  later,  he  married  ^lariam  Cobb. 

Captain  John  Rollins,  one  of  the  earliest  pio- 
neers of  this  region,  was  born  in  Kew  Sharon, 
Franklin  county.  Maine.  March  23d,  1806  ;  lived 
at  or  near  his  birtliplace  until  1837,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Penobscot  county,  and  for  two  years 
kept  a  trading  post  and  stopping  place  for  travel- 
ers, on  the  miUtary  road  between  Bangor  and 


Houlton.  He  then  removed  to  Old  Town,  where 
for  three  years  he  engaged  Ln  lumbering ;  then 
settled  in  Aroostook  county,  where  for  nine  years 
he  operated  as  contractor  and  route  agent,  and 
had  charge  of  the  state  appropriations  for  both 
Maine  and  Massachusetts.  He  also  kept  a  hotel, 
and  opened  up  a  farm  durhig  his  stay  there.  In 
the  fall  of  1848  he  came  west  by  the  route  then 
known  as  '•  round  the  lakes,"  landing  at  Mil- 
waukee, \Visconsin,  thence  by  team  to  Prairie  du 
Chien,  from  which  point  he  and  his  partner,  A. 
Godfrey,  came  to  this  region,  having  hired  a 
Frenchman,  with  three  ponies,  to  bring  them 
through.  This  journey  is  fraught  with  amusing 
and  interesting  incidents,  some  of  which  will  be 
given  a  place  in  this  work.  Wlien  Capt.  Rollins 
arrived  at  the  site  of  our  now  prosperous  city, 
there  were  only  two  frame  houses,  one  •'  block "' 
or  "  timber  "  house,  and  one  shanty.  These  were 
on  what  is  now  Second  sti'eet,  near  the  foundry. 
One  of  the  frame  houses  was  occupied  by  R.  P. 
Russell,  then  newly  married,  and  with  whom  ^Ir. 
Rollins  stopped  during  his  stay  here.  It  was  the 
otli  of  December,  1848,  when  Mr.  Rollins  arrived 
here.  He  found  the  water  so  low  that  fording 
was  safe  in  many  places,  while  above  the  falls  the 
river  was  frozen  sufficiently  to  admit  of  crossing 
on  the  ice,  something  that  has  not  occurred  since. 
On  the  25th  of  December.  Mr.  Rollms  set  out 
for  home,  making  the  journey  in  safety,  and  the 
following  spring  he  removed  here  with  his  family, 
and  at  once  mingled  in  the  busy  scenes  incident 
to  frontier  life.  He  built  a  house  on  Main  street, 
near  the  present  location  of  the  great  lumber 
mills.  Soon  after  he  formed  a  partnerehip  with 
Governor  Ramsey  and  others,  and  built  a  small 
steamboat — named  the  Governor  Ramsey— above 
the  falls,  the  machinery  for  which  was  shipped 
from  Bangor.  ^lahie,  and  reshipped  at  Boston, 
New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  and  Dubuque,  to  St. 
Paul,  from  whence  it  was  brought  by  ox  teams  to 
its  destination.  (This  machinery  is  now  doing 
good  service  on  the  Red  River).  After  two  years 
of  river  navigation.  Captain  Rollins  sold  his 
interest  in  the  "Governor  Ramsey"'  and  with  other 
parties  built  and  operated  the  Island  (louring 
mills.  Their  wheat  was  shipped  here  from  Wis- 
consin and  Iowa,  little  or  none  being  raised  here 
at  that  time.  After  three  or  four  years  of  mill- 
ing, the  captain  uivested  in  the  "Clark"  lumber 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


623 


mill,  in  which  he  was  interested  for  about  ten 
years.  Since  then  his  interests  have  been  varied, 
but  principally  given  to  lumbering  and  farming. 
He  has  now  a  fine  residence,  corner  of  Seventh 
street  and  Eightli  Avenue  .soutli-east,  in  front  of 
which  may  be  seen  a  row  of  beautiful  cotton  woods 
planted  by  him  twenty-four  years  ago,  and  now 
from  two  and  a  half  to  three  feet  in  diameter. 
Captain  Rollins  was  married  to  JSIis^  Betsy  Mar- 
tin, June  9th,  18S2,  at  Newport,  Maine.  Nine 
children  have  been  born  to  them,  seven  of  whom 
are  living,  and  all  within  four  ))locks  of  the 
homestead. 

Mortimer  B.  Rollins  was  born  at  Old  Town, 
Maine,  .January  26tli,  1837.  lie  came  to  St.  An- 
thony in  1849  with  his  father,  who  was  among 
the  earliest  settlers  in  tlie  county.  In  1860,  he 
engaged  in  lumbering,  in  wliieh  he  continued  ten 
years.  He  then  began  in  the  milling  business  at 
the  Zenith  mill,  tlie  tirm  name  being  L.  Day  and 
■  Company,  which  firm  the  fire  of  1878,  was  the 
means  of  dissolving.  lie  was  married  in  18oS  to 
Miss  Abby  M.  Day,  who  bore  him  two  children, 
Fred,  and  John  L.  Mrs.  Rollins  died  in  1871. 
His  second  wife  was  Maria  Ferkins  and  to  them_ 
have  been  born  two  children,  twins,  a  boy  and 
girl;  Harry  and  Maud. 

W.  T.  Rolph,  of  the  firm  of  Salisbury,  Rolph 
and  Company,  mattress  manufacturers,  was  born 
in  Lewis  county,  New  York,  October  20th,  1857. 
He  moved  with  bis  parents  to  New  York  city, 
where  he  received  his  education.  He  came  to 
Minneapolis,  October  Ist,  1880,  and  entered  into 
partnersliip  with  T.  G.  Salisbury  and  Company 
in  the  manufacture  of  mattresses.  Located  on 
110  Main  street,  south-east. 

J.  W.  Rootes  is  a  native  of  P^ngland,  born  at 
Kent,  September  15th,  1841.  He  learned  the 
miller's  trade  in  his  native  coimtry,  and  emigrated 
to  America  in  18(50,  and  located  at  Troy,  New 
York.  In  18G1,  he  enlisted  in  the  Second  New 
Y'ork  Volunteers,  served  two  years  and  was  hon- 
orably discharged.  This  regiment  was  the  first 
that  camped  outside  Fort  Monroe.  Was  taken 
prisoner  at  Fair  Oaks  and  held  five  days.  He  was 
employed  in  mills  in  Ohio  and  New  Y''ork,  and  in 
1869  came  to  Minneapolis.  In  1877,  he  formed  a 
partnership  with  Russell  and  Ilineline  and  built 
the  Model  mill,  and  has  since  been  conducting  it. 


He  was  married  to  Rebecca  Ann  Van  Epps, 
March  9th,  1864. 

Nic.  A.  Rosbach  was  born  in  Carver  county, 
Minnesota,  July  10th,  1856.  In  1858  he  came 
to  Minneapolis;  he  learned  the  business  of  a 
butcher  wlien  quite  a  young  man,  and  has  been 
in  the  business  a  greater  part  of  liis  time.  In 
May,  1880,  he  opened  an  establishment  at  201^ 
Twentieth  Avenue  south,  where  he  keeps  wines, 
liquors,  cigars,  and  confectionery.  He  married 
Mary  Brinkman,  May  9th,  1877.  Their  children 
are:  Cordelia  and  Christina  P. 

A.  S.  F.  Rose  is  a  native  of  Upper  Canada,  born 
in  1834.  He  learned  the  trade  of  mill-wriglit  at 
Buffalo,  New  York,  1846,  and  followed  that 
business  until  August.  1878,  when  he  came  to 
Minneapolis  and  began  work  in  the  Humboldt 
mill,  and  until  tlie  fall  of  next  year  was  employed 
in  different  mills  tliroughout  the  north-west, 
and  has  since  been  in  the  Crown  Roller  mill.  His 
marriage  with  Miss  Elizabetli  Choles  occurred  at 
Buffalo,  New  York,  in  1879.      . 

General  T.  L.  Rosser  was  born  in  Campbell 
county,  Virginia,  October  15th,  1836.  At  the 
age  of  thirteen  he  went  to  Texas  with  his  parents 
settling  in  Panola  county,  where  his  father 
owned  a  plantation.  In  1856  he  was  appointed 
a  cadet  to  West  Point  Military  Academy,  from 
which  he  graduated  in  1861,  and  returned  to  the 
south.  He  was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  in 
the  artillery  service  of  the  confederate  regular 
army,  but  was  elected  captain  of  tlie  Washington 
artillery,  from  New  Orleans,  and  accepted  that 
position  instead.  He  participated  in  all  of  the 
battles  fought  by  the  army  of  Northern  Virginia 
until  the  battle  of  Appomattox,  having  risen  in 
the  mean  time  to  the  rank  of  major-general.  He 
was  wounded  several  times,  once  quite  seriously. 
At  the  close  of  the  war  he  entered  the  Washing- 
ton Law  University,  at  Lexington,  Virginia, 
graduating  in  law,  in  1866.  He  then  took  charge 
of  the  southern  division  of  the  National  Express 
Company  with  headquarters  at  New  Orleans. 
The  fall  of  tliat  year  he  went  to  Baltimore  and 
made  a  hydrographical  survey  of  the  harbor 
there.  On  coming  west  he  engaged  with  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railway,  as  chief  engineer  of 
construction.  In  1879,  he  resigned,  and  engaged 
in  business  as  railroad  contractor.  His  wife  was 
Elizabeth  W.  Winston,  of  Virginia,  married  in 


624 


HISTORY  OF  SEKKHPIN  COUNJY. 


1863.  Their  cliildren  are:  Sarali  O.,  Thomas  L., 
William  AV.,  Elizabeth  F.,  and  Margaret. 

II.  A.  Roth  was  bom  in  New  York  citj-,  in 
1854.  lie  came  to  iliiinesota  about  1860,  locat- 
ing with  liis  parents  on  a  farm  in  Le  Sueur 
county.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1870,  having 
been  engaged  in  farming  and  canientering  until 
that  time.  In  1879  he  opened  an  establishment, 
dealing  in  new  and  second  hand  furniture,  stoves, 
crockery,  guns,  etc.,  located  at  23  Washington 
Avenue  south.  lie  \\as  united  in  maniage  to 
Miss  Maggie  Delbon,  in  1877. 

Barney  Roth  was  born  at  Washington,  District 
of  Columbia,  May  21st,  1853.  AVhen  a  child  he 
accompanied  his  parents  to  Richmond,  "S'irginia. 
In  1870  he  removed  to  I'ittsburgh,  Pennsylvania, 
and  became  tamiliar  with  the  bakery  business,  in 
which  he  has  since  engaged.  He  became  a  resi- 
dent of  Minneapolis  in  1876,  filling  responsible 
positions  in  different  establishments  for  three 
years,  and  has  since  kept  one  of  his  own,  at  928 
First  street  north. 

Charles  L.  Rothaker  is  a  native  of  Switzerland, 
born  in  1828.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1848,  going  first  to  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania, 
thence  to  Cincinnati.  He  engaged  in  the  bakery 
and  saloon  business  in  Missouri,  Wisconsin,  and 
Minnesota  until  1868.  He  then  came  to  Minnea- 
polis, and  opened  a  bakery  at  709  Nineteenth 
Avenue  south.  He  was  married  to  Susanna  C. 
Eschler,  in  1857.  Their  children  are  :  Eliza  M., 
Mary  L.,  Charles  £.,  Emil  O.,  Fred  J.,  and 
Ida  J 

C.  H.  Rowe,  of  the  tiim  of  Grove  and  Rowe, 
wood  merchants,  was  born  at  Xew  Sharon, 
Franklin  county,  Maine,  in  1845.  He  went  to 
Farmington,  Maine,  in  1867,  and  attended  the 
Xormal  school  two  years.  He  removed  to  Illinois 
in  the  spring  of  1869,  and  m  the  fall  came  to 
Minneapolis.  After  teaching  school  one  term  at 
E.xcelsior  he  began  in  the  grocery  business,  with 
W.  B.  Jones.  He  engaged  hi  different  Lines  of 
business  until  1874.  when  he  bought  a  home  in 
this  city,  and  with  his  partner  has  pursued  his 
calluig  as  wood  merchant.  He  married  Ellen  C. 
Jones  in  1870,  who  died  in  1871,  leaving  one 
daughter,  Mary  E.  His  second  wife  was  Anitte 
A.  Hankinson,  who  bore  him  three  children: 
Francis  A.,  Charles  R.,  and  Agnes  II. 

August  H.  Ruuge,  a  citizen  of  Minneapolis, 


was  born  in  New  York  city,  February  12th,  18.52. 
At  the  age  of  twelve  years  he  entered  the  United 
States  navy  as  naval  apprentice,  on  board  the 
school  ship  ''Sabine."'  In  June.  1865,  was  trans- 
ferred on  board  the  flagship  "Colorado"  of  the  Eu- 
ropean squadron ;  two  j'ears  later  he  was  again 
transferred  to  the  Pacific  squadron  and  remained 
until  his  discharge  as  an  able  seaman.  He  then 
went  to  the  Pennsylvania  oU  regions  to  study 
practical  and  mechanical  engineering.  In  ]  873  he 
returned  to  Xew  York  and  entered  a  machine 
shop,  where  he  remained  until  called  to  Minne- 
apolis to  superintend  the  steam  heating  depart- 
ment and  engine  of  the  City  hall.  He  volunteered 
in  the  fire  department  in  1874,  and  was  promoted 
to  assistant  foreman,  and  in  1879  was  appointed 
by  the  city,  foreman  of  Hook  and  Ladder  Com- 
pany Xo.  1.  in  the  paid  department.  He  was 
married  in  1876,  to  Miss  Louisa  Ende.  One 
daughter  was  bom  to  them,  ilabel  S. 

Roswell  P.  Russell,  one  of  the  oldest  settlers 
in  this  county,  was  born  at  Richland,  Vermont, 
:March  15th,  1820.  At  the  age  of  thirteen  he 
went  to  Burlington,  where  he  remained  three 
years;  then  went  to  Michigan,  and  passed  two 
years  at  Detroit  and  Kalamazoo.  He  was  a 
school-mate  of  H.  JI.  Rice,  and  both  came  to 
^klichigan  at  the  same  time.  Rice  went  to  St. 
Louis,  Missouri,  where  he  engaged  with  Mc- 
Kenzie  to  go  to  Fort  Snelling  and  take  charge  of 
the  stock  of  goods  taken  there  by  Baker.  Need- 
ing an  assistant.  Rice  sent  for  Russell  to  accom- 
pany him.  The  journey  to  Prairie  du  Chien  was 
not  difficult;  from  there  to  La  Crosse  they  came 
in  a  Mackinaw  boat,  but  at  the  latter  place  the 
boat  was  frozen  in  and  they  were  oliliged  to  pur- 
sue their  journey  on  foot,  but  being  unused  to 
walking,  their  distress  was  great.  The  second 
night  out.  they  took  possession  of  an  old  Indian 
farmer's  place,  he  being  absent,  and  in  the  morn- 
ing piu-chased  three  pounds  of  pork  of  the  mission- 
ar)%  for  which  they  paid  the  modest  simi  of  two  dol- 
lars. They  arrived  at  Fort  Snelling  about  the  5th 
of  November,  1839.  and  he  remained  there  until 
1847,  when  he  and  Findley  made  a  claim  on  the 
east  side,  extendins?'  from  Boom  Island  to  the 
present  stone  arch  bridge,  and  back  indefinitely; 
two  years  after,  they  sold  this  claim  to  Pierre  Bot- 
tineau. In  1847,  Mr.  R.  P.  Russell  opened  the 
first  store  in  St.  Anthony,  in  a  two-story  building 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


625 


of  hewn  logs,  ererted  by  Franklin  Steele.  The 
dam  was  commenced  abont  this  time,  and  the 
workmen,  together  with  a  few  French  families, 
were  Mr.  Russell's  cnstomers.  One  and  one-half 
years  later  he  went  to  St.  Paul,  but  soon  returned 
and  continued  his  merchandise  business  until 
1854,  when  he  was  appointed  receiver  in  the  land 
otBce,  which  position  he  filled  three  years,  a  part 
of  the  time  requiring  four  or  five  clerks,  tlie  busi- 
ness was  so  great.  In  the  fall  of  1858  he  bought 
the  hardware  stock  of  Spear  and  Davison,  which 
he  sold  two  years  lat«'  and  turned  his  attention 
to  farming  until  1862,  when  he,  in  company  with 
George  Huy,  erected  a  planing  mill;  in  1878  they 
added  to  the  building  and  converted  it  into  the 
flour  mill.  He  was  also  one  of  the  firm  who,  in 
1870,  built  the  Dakota  mill.  Mr.  Kussell  has 
been  active  in  both  public  and  private  life;  has 
served  one  term  in  the  legislature,  and  often  in 
town  offices;  he  was  the  first  chairman  of  the 
town  board,  and  holds  that  position  at  the  pres- 
ent writing.  October  3d,  1848,  his  marriage  oc- 
curred, with  Marion  Patch.  The  children  born 
to  them  are:  Lucy,  now  Mrs.  W.  C.  Colbratli; 
Charles,  in  trade  at  Fargo,  Dakota;  Eoswell,  Jr., 
book-keeper  for  B.  F.  Nelson,  (his  wife  was  Car- 
oline Beach);  Mary,  who  is  at  home;  Carrie,  now 
Mrs.  Frank  Lovejoy;  Fred  and  Frank,  twins; 
George  B.  McClellan,  Willie  and  Eddie. 

Albert  W.  Russell  was  born  in  Vermont  in 
1839,  where  he  lived  until  seventeen  years  of  age. 
In  1856  he  took  a  prospecting  tour  through  Wis- 
consin, Illinois  and  Michigan.  In  1850  he  learned 
carpentering  and  joining.  He  enlisted  in  1861  in 
the  Second  Vermont  Infantry.  He  was  in  many 
of  the  prominent  conflicts,  having  his  gun  shat- 
tered into  fragments,  when  in  his  hands,  without 
being  wounded.  In  1864  he  was  discharged,  but 
after  a  quiet  life  of  two  months,  he  re-enlisted  in 
Company  E,  Seventh  Vermont,  and  served  until 
1865.  He  then  returned  to  Vermont  where  he 
speculated  in  real  estate  and  lumber;  thence  to 
Wisconsin,  where  lie  traveled  for  a  wholesale 
house.  He  located  in  Minneapolis  in  1877,  and 
has  since  been  dealing  in  sewing  machines.  He 
was  married  in  18G6  to  Sarah  Scribner,  by  whom 
he  had  two  children.  His  wife  died  in  1876.  His 
second  wife  was  Amelia  Lockwood,  of  this  city. 

George  H.  Rust  was  born  July  26th,  1839,  at 

Wolfsboro,  New  Hampshire.    He  attended  the 
40 


Academy  at  his  native  place,  also  at  Thetford, 
Vermont,  and  graduated  as  civil  engineer  from 
the  Kentucky  Military  Institute  near  Frankfort  in 
1856.  He  at  once  engaged  in  the  pursuit  of  his 
profession,  on  what  is  now  the  La  Crosse  division 
of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railway. 
He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1857,  and  has  since 
made  this  place  his  home.  In  1863,  he  entered 
the  commissary  department  of  the  military  di- 
vision of  the  north-west,  where  he  remained  un- 
til 1865.  On  returning  to  this  city,  he  became  a 
partner  of  S.  C.  Gale,  and  soon  after  engaged 
alone  in  real  estate  and  insurance  business.  He 
married  Josephine  Varney,  of  Boston,  in  1865. 
They  have  one  child,  Gertrude. 

John  W.  Ryan  was  born  at  Syracuse,  New 
York,  May  31st,  1853.  He  came  to  Wisconsin 
when  one  year  old  with  his  paienfs.  After  com- 
ing to  Minnesota,  he  farmed  cue  year,  then  was 
emjioyed  on  the  railroad  and  ran  a  train  three 
years,  then  surveyed  for  the  Chicago  and  North- 
western railroad  five  years.  He  began  milling 
in  March,  1873  for  the  Pillsbury  company,  and 
has  remained  with  them  since.  He  married  Miss 
Mary  Rouike,  July  24th,  1876.  Their  children 
are,  Anne  and  Joseph  W. 

Samuel  W.  Ryan,  of  the  firm  of  Ryan,  Wales 
and  Company,  was  born  at  Sharon,  Hillsborough 
county.  New  Hampshire,  November  24th,  1836. 
In  1854,  he  moved  to  California,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1856,  when  he  came  to  Minnesota 
and  took  a  claim  near  Litchfield.  Three  years 
later,  he  removed  to  Miami  county,  Indiana,  en- 
gaged in  farming  eight  years.  He  then  located  on 
a  farm  at  Brooklyn,  Hennepin  county,  Minnesota 
which  he  still  owns.  In  1880,  he  became  a  part- 
ner in  the  firm  of  Ryan  and  Wales,  in  which  he 
still  continues.  He  was  married  in  1859  to  Hat- 
tie  J.  Joslyn,  of  New  Hampshire.  They  have 
five  children,  ilary  B,,  Marcellus  M.,  Hannah  J., 
Martha  ('.  and  (Uistie. 

John  Ryberg  is  a  native  of  Sweden,  born  April 
18th,  1851.  He  came  to  America  in  1872,  and 
two  years  later  located  at  Minneapolis.  He 
worked  at  lumbering  four  years,  then  became  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Ryberg  and  Company,  the 
firm  consisting  of  John  Ryberg,  A.  P.  Alolin  and 
C.  Johnson.  They  have  the  Stockholm  meat 
market  at  1410  Washington  Avenue  south,  estab- 
lished in  1876.    Mr.  Ryberg  was  married  in  1874 


626 


HlHTORY  OF  IIEXKEPIN  COUNT V. 


to  Augusta  Oleeon,  of  Sweden,  who  has  borne 
liim  tliiee  children,  AVolfied  A.,  Charles  O.  and 
Xfllie. 

A.  11.  Salisbury,  M.  D.,  was  born  at  Canan- 
daipiia,  Ontario  county.  New  York,  July  2:id. 
1840.  (iraduated  from  tlie  State  University  at 
Madison.  U'ii-ccnsin.  in  l^(i4.  then  studied  medi- 
cine, and  siaduated  atthelJellevue  Hospital  Med- 
ical College  of  Xew  York.  Practiced  at  Mazo 
Wanie.  Wisconsin,  for  a  time;  then  came  to  Min- 
neapolis in  March.  1874.  and  has  since  followed 
his  profession  here.  lie  was  associated  with  Dr. 
A.  A.  Ames  about  live  years.  Dr.  Salisbury's 
office  is  niiw  at  2o7  Nicollet  Avenue.  Ue  was 
married  in  1869.  and  has  two  children. 

T.  G.  Sali;b.iry,  a  native  of  New  York,  was 
born  February  10th,  1831.  Moved  to  Iowa 
in  1857,  and  in  August,  1861,  enlisted  in  the 
Thirly-tii-st  Iowa  Volunteers:  he  was  lieutenant, 
and  was  the  first  Union  officer  who  entered  Co- 
lumbia. South  Carolina.  lie  was  eventually  pro- 
mot(  d  to  cajitain.  Mr.  Salisbury  came  to  Minne- 
apolis from  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa,  in  1878,  and  is  now 
one  of  the  firm  of  Salisbury  andRolph.  lie  had 
bein  in  the  mattress  Ijusiness  there,  tliree  years. 
His  marriage  with  Mariam  Richardson  took  place 
in  June  1854.    They  have  one  child,  Fred  R. 

Henry  R.  Sallada  was  born  in  I'hiladelpliia, 
Penns)  Ivania;  after  leaving  his  native  place  he 
lived  one  year  in  Oil  City,  then  removed  to  Chica- 
go, where  he  was  in  the  insurance  busines  five 
years.  In  1879  Air.  Sallada  came  to  this  city,  and 
is  engaged  in  trade  at  727  Washington  Avenue 
south;  he  deals  in  meat,  butter,  eggs,  game,  etc. 
In  1880  he  mairied  Mary  Devlin  of  Washington, 
D.  C. 

Louis  Salzeder  was  born  Febniary  2oth,  1846, 
in  Bavaria,  and  pursued  classical  studies  at  Mu- 
nich, in  the  college  of  the  Benedictine  Fathers, 
coming  to  America  in  December,  1868.  He  at 
once  went  to  St.  Vincent's  Monastery,  Pennsylva- 
nia, and  entered  the  Order  of  St.  Benedict,  Jan- 
uary 1st,  1869.  After  finishing  his  course  there, 
he  came,  on  the  10th  of  January,  1870,  to  St.  Louis 
Abbey,  now  St.  John's,  at  St.  Cloud.  Stearns 
county,  where  he  finished  his  theological  studies. 
He  then,  on  March  25th,  1873,  was  estiiblished  as 
assistant  pastor  in  Assumption  Church,  St.  Paul, 
and  remained  there  until  November,  1878,  when 
he  came  to  Miimeapolis. 


Rev.  Robert  F.  Sample,  D.  D.,  pastor  of  West- 
minster Church,  Jilinneapolis,  was  born  in  Corn- 
ing. New  York,  October  19th,  1829.  His  mother 
died  when  he  was  quite  young.  He  spent  part  of 
his  boyhood  at  Geneva,  in  connection  with  the 
Lyceum,  under  the  care  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  French. 
After  completing  his  academic  course,  he  entered 
Jefferson  College,  Pennsylvania,  Dr.  Robert  J. 
Breckenridge  being  president.  Was  converted 
during  the  junior  year  in  college.  Graduated  in 
1849.  Entered  the  Western  Theological  Semi- 
nary in  1850.  During  the  senior  year,  was  called 
to  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Mercer, 
Pennsylvania.  After  three  years  of  labor,  he  re- 
signed the  charge,  and  accepted  a  call  to  Bedford 
in  April,  1856.  in  the  hope  that  the  mineral  water 
of  that  place  would  improve  his  declining  health. 
He  remained  there  for  ten  years.  Still  intluenced 
by  considerations  of  health,  he  moved  to  Minne- 
apolis, to  the  supply  of  the  Andrew  Church, 
until  March,  1868,  when  he  was  called  to  the 
Westminster  church.  The  church  grew  under 
his  care  necessitating  an  addition  to  the  edi- 
fice, which  was  made  in  the  summer  of  1870. 
The  same  year  he  made  a  trip  to  Europe,  his  peo- 
ple kindly  furnishing  the  money,  sailed  from  New 
York  in  June,  visiting  the  holy  land  and  the  his- 
toric places  mentioned  in  the  Bible,  returning  to 
his  church  and  people  in  December,  1872.  Had 
a  severe  attack  of  congestion  of  the  lungs  the  fol- 
lowing June,  and  in  feeble  health  made  a  visit  to 
Colorado,  spending  most  of  the  summer  and  re- 
turning in  September.  His  health  not  being 
fully  established,  returned  to  Colorado  in  Janu- 
ary, 1874,  remaining  there  until  the  following 
May,  when  he  returned  to  his  charge  and  has  per- 
formed full  ministerial  duty  ever  since.  A  few 
Sabbaths  after  his  return  from  Colorado  a  great 
revival  commenced,  continuing  for  nearly  a  year; 
about  sixty  additions  were  made  .to  the  church  on 
profession  of  faith.  Was  called  twice  to  the  Seven- 
teenth street  church  and  afterwards  to  the  Cen- 
tral Church,  Colorado,  also  to  the  church  of 
Allegheny  City.  Among  his  many  literary  pro- 
ducts are  his  Memoirs  of  J.  C.  Thome,  pastor  of 
Pine  street  Presbyterian  Church,  St.  Louis.  Four 
volumes  for  Young  Christians,  published  by  the 
Presbyterian  board,  namely:  •'Enquiring  the 
Way,"  '-The  Afflicted,"  "Young  Christians"  and 
"Religious  Despondency."    On  the  twenty-fifth 


niOGIiAPHJVAL. 


627 


anniversary  of  his  marriage,  his  parisli  presented 
him  with  an  elegant  gold  watch  and  chain,  the 
watch  elaborately  engraved.  At  the  marriage  of 
his  daughter  to  the  Rev.  J.  B.  Donaldson,  pastor 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Hastings,  she  was 
presented  by  his  people  with  a  large  quantity  of 
silver  ware,  many  articles  of  furniture  and  a 
beautiful  gold  watch  and  chain.  On  the  IStliof 
November,  1878,  she  was  married  in  her  father's 
church,  her  father  performing  the  ceremony.  Dr. 
Sample  married  Miss  lilanda  M.  ISacken,  daugh- 
ter of  Henry  Baeken  of  Camionsburgh,  Pennsyl- 
vania. They  have  five  children;  Mary  E.,  Anna 
J..  Robert  W.,  John  W.,  and  Walter  B. 

W.  W.  Satterlee,  pastor  of  the  Seventh  street 
M.  E.  Church,  was  born  at  Laporte,  Indiana,  in 
1837.  Moved  to  Stevenson  county,  Illinois,  then 
to  Richland  county,  Wisconsin:  converted  at  thir- 
teen; licensed  to  preach  at  nineteen;  ordained  at 
twenty-three,  preaching  in  Richland  county,  Wis- 
consin. He  came  to  Le  Sueur  county.  Minnesota, 
in  1863,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine, 
doing  work  at  the  same  time  as  local  preacher. 
United  with  the  M.  E.  church  in  Waseca  in 
1867,  prea'-hed  there  for  three  years,  and  in  St. 
Cloud  two  years.  Then  to  the  First  M.  E. 
Church  in  Minneapolis  two  years,  in  the  mean- 
time completing  the  present  Seventh  street 
church.  In  1873  appointed  agent  of  the  Minne- 
sota Temperance  Union,  and  continued  the  work 
for  about  seven  years.  Married  December  24th, 
1856,  to  Miss  Sarah  Stout;  have  six  children: 
Mary  P.,  Clara  A.,  Willie  E.,  Fanny  O.,  Plioebe 
A.,  and  Han-y  B.  Is  an  earnest  worker  in  the 
temperance  cause,  a  keen  debater,  speaking  with 
great  power  and  effect.  He  obtained  about  50,- 
000  signers  to  the  pledge,  and  for  the  prosecution 
of  the  work  obtained  notes,  subscriptions  and 
collections  to  the  amount  of  $25,000,  and  was  the 
temperance  candidate  for  governor  in  1880. 

A.  Sanborn,  a  native  of  Maine,  was  born  at 
Charleston  in  1853.  Learned  the  jeweler's  busi- 
ness at  Bangor,  and  worked  there  imtil  1877, 
when  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  engaged  in 
business  as  manufacturing  jeweler  and  watch 
maker;  he  is  located  at  219  Nicollet  Avenue.  His 
wife  was  Mary  F.  Beebe,  whom  he  married  iii 
1878;  she  has  borne  him  one  son,  Ralph  R. 

N.  W.  Savage,  born  May  15th,  1842,  at  Augusta, 
Maixie.    At  the  age  of  eighteen,  he  went  to  Lew- 


iston  and  worked  in  the  cotton  mills  one  year.  In 
1861.  he  enlisted  in  the  Eiglith  Maine  and  served 
until  1S64;  tlie  next  year  he  went  to  Tennessee 
and  worked  for  the  government  in  building  the 
railroad  from  Chattanooga  to  Atlanta;  he  then 
returned  to  Maine,  and  afterward  spent  one 
winter  in  Michigan.  He  was  at  Sacramento.  Cali- 
fornia, eleven  months,  and  in  Nevada  one  and 
one-half  years;  then  passed  about  fourteen 
montlis  in  Maine  again,  farming  and  in  the  gro- 
cery business.  In  1872,  he  came  here  and  en- 
gaged in  the  fish  trade  and  the  ice  business.  The 
winter  of  1S75-6,  he  spent  in  Tennessee.  Now 
deals  in  new  and  second  hand  goods  of  all  kinds. 
He  married  in  1866,  Miss  E.  J.  Watson.  They 
have  one  son,  N.  W„  and  a  daughter,  E.  J. 

John  Savory,  a  native  of  Italy,  was  born  in 
1835.  Came  to  the  United  States  in  1855,  and  to 
this  city  in  1868;  tlie  first  year  after  arrival,  he 
worked  in  the  woods,  then  for  two  years  kept 
a  hotel  on  Main  street  near  Fourth  Avenue,  and 
four  years  at  the  corner  of  Main  street  and  Cen- 
tral Avenue.  In  1875,  he  built  the  Nicollet  Ave- 
nue Hotel,  No.  49  Central  Avenue;  it  is  32x32 
feet,  three-stories  high  and  basement. 

Albert  Schafers,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  born 
September  13th,  1847.  Came  to  the  United 
States  in  1863,  and  was  two  years  in  a  commis- 
sion house  in  New  York;  he  then  removed  to 
Iowa  for  one  year,  thence  to  Rochester,  Minne- 
sota, and  in  1868,  to  this  city.  Was  employed  by 
the  Cliicago,  ISIilwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railway 
Company  until  1874;  he  built  a  store  at  1-501 
Sixth  street  south,  w  liich  was  destroyed  by  fire  in 
1880,  but  rebuilt  the  same  year;  he  now  has  a  bil- 
liard hall,  smnmer  garden,  and  very  pleasant 
bowling  alley.  In  October,  1867,  he  married 
Dina  Kleinsmith.    They  have  one  child,  John. 

Godfrey  Scheitlin  was  born  in  Switzerland, 
February  18th,  1821.  From  1841  until  1848,  he 
carried  on  a  very  extensive  business  in  the  manu- 
facture of  cotton  and  woolen  goods.  In  the 
spring  of  1848,  he  started  for  America;  located  in 
Cabell  county,  West  Virginia,  wliere,  in  1856,  he 
received  his  naturalization  papers.  During  his 
stay  there,  he  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits. 
Came  to  Minneapolis  in  October,  1856  and  con- 
tinued the  same  business  about  three  years,  then 
invested  in  the  ginseng  trade;  he  met  with  a  loss 
of  $108,000  in  1864,  and  in  1S6S  left  that  business 


6:28 


luaiony  of  iiEy^EPiA  coumy. 


and  erected  tl.e  mill,  now  occupied  by  tlie  Jlinne- 
sota  Linseed  Oil  Comiiay.  January  1S60,  tlie  firm 
of  Scheiilin.  lidl  and  Sidle  was  orgauiz-d,  and 
Mr.  Sclieitlin  lias  since  superintended  tlie  busi- 
ness, lie  was  married  in  New  York  in  1863  to 
Sopliia  Benn.  of  Altona,  Germany.  They  are  the 
parents  of  eight  children,  only  three  of  whom  are 
living. 

Charles  Scherf,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
in  1836.  Came  to  America  in  lSo4,  and  resided 
one  year  at  Xe^v  York  city  ;  then  removed  to 
Jlilwaukee,  Wisconsin,  where  he  lived  nine  years, 
and  after  a  residence  of  three  years  in  St.  Paul, 
came,  in  1867,  to  this  city.  lie  manufactures 
kegs,  barrels,  and  casks.  Mr.  Scherf  married,  in 
1857,  Emma  Ximon.    They  have  four  children. 

M.  F.  Scofield  was  born  December  28lh,  18-19, 
in  the  state  of  New  York,  and  grew  to  manhood 
there.  Was  educated  at  Rochester  Universitj', 
and  taught  school  several  years  in  his  native  state. 
In  1873  he  came  here,  and  went  into  the  commis- 
sion business  with  Waketield  and  Company.  In 
1875  the  firm  was  changed  to  Scofield  and  Bee- 
man.  Since  1878  he  has  been  in  the  grocery  bus- 
iness. His  wife  was  Abbie  Brown,  of  Wanen, 
Ohio.  Their  marriage  took  place  in  1875.  They 
are  the  parents  of  one  child.  Raymond. 

William  Scharf  w  as  bom  in  Germany,  and  em- 
igrated to  the  United  States  in  1872.  Is  a  mer- 
chant tailor,  his  place  of  busuiess  being  No.  118 
Central  Avenue.  Mr.  Scharf  was  married  in 
1875,  to  Emma  Reiseike,  who  has  borne  him  two 
children.  Edward  and  Willie. 

A.  Schelling,  a  native  of  Switzerland,  was  born 
in  1839.  Came  to  America  in  1874,  and  lived  at 
Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  one  and  one-half 
years.  From  there  he  removed  to  Iowa,  where 
he  was  employed  as  civil  engineer  for  nearly  four 
years.  Mr.  Schelling  came  to  this  city  in  Feb.  1880 
and  opened  his  billiard  hall  at  118  Thirteenth 
Aveime  north,  lie  also  ki  eps  confectionery  and 
notions.     In  1879  lie  married  Mary  Piobst. 

Charles  Schmidt  was  bom  in  Germany,  in  1846. 
Came  to  America  in  1868.  and  lived  about  four 
years  in  Connecticut.  In  1872  he  came  here  for 
a  short  time,  then  removed  to  McLeod  county. 
After  a  residence  there  of  about  eighteen  months, 
he  again  came  to  this  city,  and  worked  at  his 
trade  of  baker  two  years.  Then  he  spent  the 
same  length  of  time  in  McLeod  county,  after 


which  he  returned  to  Minneapolis,  and  opened  a 
bakery  at  the  comer  of  Washington  and  Seventh 
Avenues  south.  In  October.  1875.  he  married 
Maiy  Mayer.  She  has  borne  him  three  children, 
two  of  whom  are  living. 

John  A.  Schlener,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
was  born  February  24th.  1856.  at  Philadelphia. 
Since  1857  he  has  been  a  resident  of  Minneapolis. 
After  leaving  school,  Mr.  Schlener  worked  for  the 
well-known  firm  of  Bean.  Wales  and  Company, 
dealers  in  books  and  stationery.  In  1878  he  be- 
came a  partner,  and  in  August  of  the  year  follow- 
ing the  firm  sold  their  business  to  Kirkbride  and 
Whitall;  Mr.  Schlener  is  in  the  employ  of  the  new 
company. 

Paul  Schmedeman  was  bom  June  7th,  1855,  at 
Madison,  Wisconsin.  Came  to  ^Minneapolis  in 
March.  1879,  and  worked  a  while  in  the  cigar- 
manufacturing  business.  He  was  afterward  em- 
ployed by  Daily  and  Reed,  proprietors  of  the  place 
he  now  runs,  having  bought  of  them  in  Novem- 
ber, ISSO;  it  is  a  sample  room  and  billiard  hall  at 
205  Nicollet  Avenue. 

G.  Schober.  a  native  of  Germany,  moved  to 
Minneapolis  in  1855,  and  has  been  in  the  milling 
business  since  1861.  He  is  one  of  the  owners  of 
the  Phoenix  mill,  a  description  of  which  may  be 
seen  elsewhere  in  this  work.  Married,  in  1866, 
Mary  Goehringer.  Their  five  children  are:  Carl, 
John,  Mary,  William  and  Edward. 

Rev.  J.  Schneider,  pastor  of  the  First  German 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  August  11th, 
1843.  Moved  to  Galena,  Illinois,  resided  there 
two  years,  removing  to  Platteville.  Wisconsin, 
where  he  received  his  education;  converted  at 
twelve  yeai-s.  joined  the  church,  and  was  elected 
superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school  at  twenty. 
Entered  the  army  as  soon  as  his  age  would  per- 
mit. Enlisted  in  the  Forty-seventh  Wisconsin, 
remaining  with  his  regiment  for  a  short  time, 
then  detailed  to  the  general  headquarters,  remain- 
ing there  until  the  close  of  the  war.  In  18^6, 
married  Miss  Metha  Schneider,  and  moved  to 
Charles  City.  Iowa;  joined,  by  letter,  the  German 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  ;  elected  Sunday- 
school  superintendent,  holding  the  position  for 
nearly  three  years.  He  was  a  licensed  exhorter, 
then  local  preacher,  starting  out  as  assist^nit  to 
the  pastor  in  charge  of  the  Charles  City  mission, 


BIOGRAPHJCAL. 


629 


which  comprised  five  counties.  In  the  fall  of 
1869  was  appointed  to  Rush  Creek  and  Jewell's 
Prairie,  Illinois,  remaining  there  three  years, 
doubling  the  membersliip,  building  a  church  and 
paying  for  it.  Was  then  appointed  to  Fort  Dodge 
for  one  year  and  Alden  two  years;  transferred  to 
St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  where  he  built  a  church  and 
parsonage,  and  largely  increased  the  member- 
ship. Stationed  at  East  Minneapolis  for  two 
years,  and  from  there  to  his  present  charge. 

John  Schockweiler  was  born  in  Luxembourg, 
September  nth,  1821.  Is  a  self-educated  man, 
having  attended  school  but  three  months.  In 
1852  he  emigrated  to  Detroit,  Michigan,  and  in 
1854  came  to  Minneapolis;  I)e  was  the  second  man 
here  engaged  in  the  lime  business.  His  location 
at  present  is  15  Third  street  south;  he  deals  in 
lime,  liair,  cement  etc.  His  first  wife  was  Anna 
Nercyer,  who  died  in  1854;  they  had  one  daugli- 
ter.  His  present  wife  was  Louisa  Mande;  they 
have  no  children. 

Joseph  Schulenburg  came  to  Minneapolis  in 
1866.  Kept  the  Pacific  House  two  years,  then 
engaged  in  farming  the  same  length  of  time  in 
nice  county;  he  afterwards  worked  a  farm  in 
Plymoutli  two  years,  thence  to  St.  Anthony  where 
for  eight  years  he  was  proprietor  of  a  boarding- 
house.  Since  November  1st,  1880,  he  has  kept 
the  Medina  House,  previous  to  which  lie  ran  the 
Hennepin  House.  In  1851  he  married  Margaret 
Baker.  Their  children  are  Mathew,  Caspar  and 
Lizzie. 

Fred  Schroder,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
November  24th,  1834.  Came  to  America  in  1853 
and  located  at  Manitowoc,  Wisconsin,  where  he 
resided  until  1876,  when  he  removed  to  Califor- 
nia. In  July,  1880,  Mr.  Schroder  came  to  this 
city,  and  engaged  in  the  meat  business  at  403 
Plymouth  Avenue.  He  was  married  in  1866  to 
Miss  D.  Inkenky. 

Henry  Sehulze,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  horn 
January  28th,  1842.  Cam»  to  America  in  infan- 
cy, and  lived  until  1S59  at  Chioago,  Illinois;  he 
th  n  removed  to  St.  Paul  and  worked  at  the  meat 
business  there  .about  five  years.  In  18()4  he  came 
to  tliis  city  and  started  a  meat  market,  which  he 
sold  in  April,  1880,  to  L.  W.  Neudeck,  but  still 
retains  his  position  as  manager  of  the  business. 
In  1875  he  married  the  widow  of  the  late  Louis 
Neudeck  of  Minneapolis. 


Henry  II.  Scott  was  born  in  Penobscot  county, 
Maine,  September,  1846.  Lived  on  a  farm  with 
his  parents  until  the  age  of  twenty  years.  In 
1863  lie  enlisted  in  the  First  Maine  Heavy  Ar- 
tillery; served  two  years,  engaged  in  thirty-two 
battles  and  was  twice  wounded.  Came  here  in 
1866,  and  has  since  been  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness. He  is  also  proprietor  of  the  Cottage  House, 
on  Second  Avenue  north.  In  1874  he  married 
Jos>e  Fashant.  William  Henry  is  their  only  child. 

I.  C.  Seeley  was  born  January  22d,  1833,  in 
Allegan  county,  Michigan.  When  seventeen 
years  of  age  he  attended  Richland  Seminary,  Kal- 
amazoo county,  and  afterward  taught.  Enlisted 
in  the  Fourth  ilichigan  Cavalry,  and  served 
three  years,  being  in  fifty-seven  different  engage- 
ments; was  held  a  prisoner  of  war  over  five 
months,  nearly  three  months  of  the  time  at  An- 
dersonville,  and  is  a  living  witness  of  the  horrors 
of  that  prison-pen.  After  the  war  he  prepared 
for  college  at  Kalamazoo,  then  went  to  Olivet 
and  graduated  from  the  college  there  in  1868;  he 
also  graduated  in  law  at  Ann  Arbor  in  1871 ,  and 
w-as  in  the  oflSce  of  Severance  and  Burrows  of 
that  city  until  1872,  when  he  came  here  and  has 
since  been  in  the  real  estate  and  insurance  busi- 
ness. In  1876  he  married  Julia  M.  Willard.  She 
has  borne  him  one  child:  Edith. 

Henry  E.  Seidell,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  was 
born  August  4th,  1835,  at  Portland.  When  five 
years  of  age  he  moved  to  New  Haven,  and  resided 
there  until  1860,  wlien  he  came  to  St.  Paul,  and 
two  years  later  removed  to  Minneapolis;  he  has 
been  very  sucjessful  in  his  business  of  contract- 
ing and  building.  Mr.  Selden  enlisted  in  the 
Sixth  Minnesota  Volunteers  in  1862;  he  was 
through  the  Indian  war,  the  regiment  marching 
3,200  miles,  and  was  in  tlie  service  until  1865. 
On  his  return  he  built  his  present  residence  at 
14  Tenth  street  south.  His  wife  was  Eleanor 
Stevens,  whom  he  married  in  1860,  They  are 
the  iiarents  of  seven  children:  Lewis.  Emma, 
Mabel.  Frank,  Kittle,  Eleanor,  and  Henry. 

George  Sermon,  veterinary  surgeon,  graduated 
at  Edinburgh.  April  23d.  1862;  at  the  Royal  Col- 
lege of  Veterinary  Surgeons,  April  SOtli.  1862, 
and  has  a  diploma  from  each.  In  1869  he  moved 
to  Montreal,  Canada,  and  followed  his  profession 
there  nine  years.  Since  November,  1878,  he  has 
been  in  practice  in  '\iiiiiieapolis. 


630 


BISTOBT  OF  BENKEPIN  COUMY. 


George  Kittredge  Shaw,  editor  of  the  Evening 
Joiinial,  was  born  in  Extter,  Penobscot  coiinty, 
ilaine.  June  23d.  1841.  IJis  paYents  removed  to 
Galena,  Illinois,  in  the  fall  of  1)^51.  and  in  that 
city  2ilr.  Shaw  grew  to  manhood,  receiving  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  that  place. 
Having  learned  the  luinting  trade  he  made  his 
first  business  venture  in  1S62  purchasing  the 
Platteville.  Grant  county.  "Witness,  which  he 
owned  and  conducted  successfully  until  1S67. 
In  1863  he  enlisted  in  the  Forty-third  Wisconsin 
Infantry,  was  elected  captain  of  company  B,  and 
served  till  the  close  of  the  war.  receiving  a  com 
mission  as  major  in  18(U.  In  1S67  he  came  to 
Minneapolis,  and  was  made  editor-in-chief  of  the 
ilinneaiiolis  ilorning  Tribune.  That  position 
he  held  for  thne  years  and  then  resigned  on 
account  of  ill-health.  In  the  summer  of  1870 
he  founded  the  Daily  Evening  News,  which  was 
the  first  daily  evening  newspaper,  receiving  tele- 
graphic dispatches,  started  in  this  city.  In  June, 
1873,  he  sold  the  News,  and  removed  to  Bay 
City.  Michigan.  wi)ere  lie  was  employed  for  five 
years  as  editor  and  manager  of  the  Daily  Trib- 
une of  that  place.  Keturning  to  Minneapolis  in 
the  winter  of  1878,  Jtlr.  Shaw  purchased  an  in- 
terest in  the  Evening  Tribune,  remained  with 
that  paper  as  writing  editor  until  May  1st.  1880, 
and  on  that  date  sold  out  his  Tribune  stock  and 
afterwiirds  purchased  a  half-interest  in  the  Even- 
ing Journal.  Mr.  Shaw  was  married  September 
13th.  1S71.  to  Miss  Anna  E.  Jones,  of  Detroit, 
Michigan,  and  has  three  sons  and  one  daughter. 

J.  M.  Shaw  was  born  December  18th.  1833.  in 
Penobscot  county.  Maine.  AVas  educated  at  Exe- 
ter and  East  Corinth.  In  the  spring  of  1852  he 
came  to  Minnesota  and  resided  at  Cottage  Grove, 
then  removed  to  Galtna.  Illinois,  where  he  was 
seven  years,  employed  as  book-keeper  in  a  mer- 
cantile house.  In  1856  he  began  reading  law  and 
in  1859  entered  the  otKce  of  A.  L.  Cummings. 
"Was  admitted  to  the  bar  by  the  suprpme  court  of 
Illinois,  and  remained  at  Galena  until  1862.  when 
he  removed  to  Wisconsin.  He  enlisted  in  the 
Twenty-fifth  Wisconsin  and  was  made  second 
lieutenant  of  company  E ;  was  first  engaged  in 
frontier  service,  then  went  south  in  1863  and 
ser\'ed  until  June.  1865  ;  he  was  mustered  out  as 
captain.  In  October  of  the  same  year  he  came  to 
Minneapolis  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  the 


practice  of  his  profession  here,  He  is  a  member 
of  the  law  firm  of  Shaw.  Le^^  and  Cray.  In  Sep- 
tember. 1864.  he  maiTied  Ellen  A.,  daughter  of 
Dr.  J.  S.  Elliot  of  this  city. 

C.  W.  Shatto,  a  native  of  Warren,  Ohio,  was 
born  in  Xov(  niber.  1840.  At  the  age  of  ten  years 
he  accorupanied  his  parents  to  Minnesota,  and 
followed  farming  imtil  1868,  when  he  enlisted  in 
the  First  Minnesota  Yolunteere.  and  served  untU 
the  expiration  of  his  term  of  sen-ice.  Then 
worked  at  freighting  from  Omaha  to  Denver  un- 
til 1866,  when  he  came  to  this  city  and  was  em- 
ployed by  Gould  and  Company,  the  pioneer  agri- 
cultural implement  firm,  until  engaging  in  busi- 
ness for  himself.  In  1872  he  married  Miss  Sarah 
Tinkham,  in  Minneapolis.    They  have  one  child. 

John  AV.  Sherwood  was  born  December  17th, 
1817.  at  London,  England.  Learned  the  book- 
binder's trade  in  his  native  place  and  came  to 
America  in  1848;  he  resided  in  New  York  four 
years,  and  three  years  in  Connecticut,  thence  to 
Woodstock,  Canada.  December,  1855,  he  came 
to  Minneapolis  and  established  the  first  book 
bindery  in  the  city  ;  he  does  edge  gilding  and  all 
kinds  of  work  pertaining  to  his  business.  His 
wife  was  Lucinda  Marston.  The  children  born 
to  them  were:  Lucy.  John.  Rachel,  Reuben.  John, 
Xelson.  Cedric.  Mary  and  Xaomi  ;  four  of  these 
have  passed  away. 

M.  R.  Sherwood,  son  of  the  above,  was  born  in 
London.  England.  September  12th.  1846.  Came 
to  the  United  States  in  1848.  and  in  1865  to  Min- 
neapolis. He  commenced  the  manufacture  of 
paper  boxes  in  1872  and  was  the  fii-st  in  the  city 
to  make  a  specialty  of  that  line  of  work  ;  he  is 
now  doing  a  large  business  at  123  and  125  Nicol- 
let Avenue.  Mr.  Sherwood  was  married  in  May. 
1877.  to  Julia  Anderson  of  Iowa.  They  have  one 
child.  Frederick. 

Sherburne  and  White  are  proprietor's  of  the 
Windsor  House,  located  on  Washington  Avenue, 
at  the  corner  of  Firet  Avenue  north..  The  build- 
ing is  owned  by  L.  L.  Cook ;  it  was  erected  by 
W.  F.  Uanscom  in  1867 ;  it  has  a  frontage  of 
sixty-six  feet  on  Washington  Avenue  and  a  depth 
of  one  hundred  feet ;  the  house  is  three  stories 
liigh  and  there  are  flfty-four  rooms.  Messrs. 
Sherburne  and  White  leased,  refitted  and  refur- 
nished the  house ;  they  are  old  and  popular  hotel 
men  who  always  endeavor  to  please  their  guests. 


BIOGBArniCAL. 


631 


B.  P.  Shuler,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  was 
born  September  13tb,  1829,  in  Lycoming  county. 
Came  to  this  city  in  1852,  and  nas  employed  as 
mill-wright  until  1871,  when  for  two  years  he  en- 
gaged in  the  milling  business,  in  company  with 
Mr.  Ilineline,  at  tlie  Richfield  mills.  lie  went 
to  California  in  1873,  returned  the  following  year, 
and  went  into  business  at  tlie  Arctic  mill,  under 
the  firm  name  of  Ilobart,  Shuler  and  Company. 
In  1863  Mr.  Shuler  married  Abbie  E.  Tidd,  of 
Minneapolis. 

R.  G.  Shuler,  born  at  Williamsport,  Pennsylva- 
nia, in  1827.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  com- 
menced learning  the  trade  of  mill-wright,  at  which 
he  worked  in  his  native  state  until  1853,  when  he 
went  to  Indiana,  and  resided  one  year;  then  re- 
moved to  Minnesota,  and  lived  at  Anoka,  farm- 
ing, building,  and  in  the  livery  business,  until 
1864.  He  then  accompanied  Fisk's  Indian  expe- 
dition to  tlie  plains.  Since  1866  lie  has  lived  in 
this  city,  engaged  in  the  mill-wright  and  building 
business,  having  assisted  in  erecting  some  of  the 
principal  mills  here.  In  1859  be  married  Liicretia 
Foster,  of  Maine.  Their  children  are  :  Alfred, 
Uarry,  and  Florence. 

Frederick  Sievers,  pastor  of  Trinity  Lutheran 
Church,  was  born  in  Frankenlust,  Saginaw 
county.  Michigan,  June  21st,  1852.  Received  his 
early  education  from  his  father  at  home.  After 
confirmatiiin  lie  went  to  Concordia  College,  Fort 
Wayne,  Indiana,  in  1866.  where  he  remained  un- 
til 1872.  In  the  same  year  he  went  to  St.  Louis, 
and  entered  the  Concordia  Theological  Seminary, 
graduating  June  29tli.  1875.  August  29tli,  same 
year,  was  ordained  at  St.  Cliarles.  Missouri,  re- 
maining there  as  assistant  pastor  until  1859,  when 
he  received  a  call  from  this  cluuch.  He  is  the 
son  of  Rev.  F.  Sievers,  who  organized  the  con- 
gregation in  1856. 

P.  Simonson,  a  native  of  Norway,  was  born  in 
1841.  Emigrated  to  America  in  1866,  and  located 
in  Minneapolis  the  same  year.  He  was  four 
years  employed  in  the  car-shops,  and  two  years 
stair-building  for  J.  Harrison.  In  1872  he  com- 
menced business  for  himself,  building  stairs  and 
railings.  His  establishment  is  the  only  one  of 
the  kind  in  the  city,  and  he  has  been  very  suc- 
cessfid.  He  was  married  in  February,  1873,  to 
Martha  Anderson.  They  are  the  parents  of  three 
children.     Mr.   Simonson's  residence  and  stair- 


building  shop  are  at  1006  Washington  Avenue 
south. 

C.  M.  Skinner;  M.  D.,  was  born  at  Waukeslia, 
Wisconsin,  in  jSIarch.  1841.  He  was  educated  in 
his  native  county:  afterward  studied  medicine  and 
graduated  from  Rush  Medical  College,  Chicago, 
in  1876.  For  one  and  one-half  years  he  was 
house  surgeon  of  the  Cook  County  Hospital  at 
Chicago;  then  practiced  at  Hartford.  Wisconsin, 
about  fifteen  months,  and  since  June.  1878,  has 
been  in  practice  in  Minneapolis.  Dr.  Skinner  re- 
sides at  1001  Washington  Avenue  south.  Ilis 
marriage  with  Calista  Rowell,  of  Wisconsin,  oc- 
curred in  1863.    They  have  one  daughter. 

L.  J.  Skinner  was  born  at  Brooklyn,  New  York, 
April  4th,  1853.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  was 
employed  as  clerk  in  the  dry  goods  estalilishment 
of  E.  11.  Van  Ingen  and  Company,  of  New  York 
city,  and  remained  till  1879,  wlien  he  came  here 
and  engaged  in  tlie  paint  business,  as  dealer  and 
contractor,  firm  name  of  Adams  and  Skinner. 
After  a  few  months  he  bought  Mr.  Adams'  inter- 
est and  continued  alone  nearly  a  year,  when  lie 
became  associated  with  W.  W.  Sly,  and  the  man- 
ufacture of  paints  was  added  to  tlie  business. 
Their  works  are  on  Nicollet  Island.  JSIr.  Skinner 
married  Elizabeth  M.  Bradley,  in  1879.  They 
have  had  one  child,  who  died  in  infancy. 

O.  B.  Skinner,  a  native  of  New  York,  was  bom 
August  3d,  1844.  in  Essex  county.  L=arned  the 
drug  business  atElmira,  New  York,  went  to  Kan- 
sas in  1869.  and  was  in  business  there  about  two 
years,  then  resided  in  Vermont  till  1S76.  Since 
that  time  lie  lias  been  in  the  drug  trade  at  Minne- 
apolis, with  very  profitable  results.  He  occupies 
the  whole  of  the  building  where  he  is  at  present 
located.  1121  Wasliingtou  Avenue  north.  In 
1870,  he  married  Miss  C.  L.  Baldwin,  of  Waverly, 
New  York.  Of  their  four  children  only  one  sur- 
vives: Clara.  Mrs.  Skinner  died  August  1st.  1S80. 

Thomas  Sloan,  a  native  of  Preble,  Cortland 
county.  New  York,  was  born  in  1857.  When  a 
babe  he  came  with  his  parents  to  St.  Anthony, 
and  at  the  age  of  eleven  went  to  work  in  tlie  mills 
of  Minneapolis.  For  the  past  seven  years  he  has 
been  employed  at  the  Cataract  mill.  Mr.  Sloan 
is  an  unmarried  man,  and  lives  with  his  parents 
at  No.  2  First  Avenue  south. 

William  Wesley  Sly  was  born  July  9th,  1848, 
in  Oakland  county,  Michigan.      At  the  age  of 


632 


HISTOBY  OF  HENKEPIN  C0UN2Y. 


sixteen  he  went  to  sea,  and  before  he  was  twenty- 
one  years  of  age  he  circumnavigated  the  globe. 
lie  lived  in  England  two  years,  engaged  in  paint- 
ing, for  which  he  had  a  natural  ability;  from 
there  he  went  to  Italy,  Asia,  East  India,  China, 
and  was  in  tlie  Abyssinian  expedition  with  sup- 
plies; he  was  at  Ansley  bay  at  the  time  King 
Theodore  suicided.  In  1869  he  returned  to  Bom- 
bay, and  there  went  on  board  the  Great  Eastern, 
laying  cable,  lie  served  in  the  late  war,  and 
after  peace  was  declared,  he  again  went  to  sea. 
In  1872  he  engaged  in  the  paint  business  in  De- 
troit, anil  remained  there,  with  the  exception  of 
one  schooner  trip  to  Diiluth,  in  which  he  was 
shipwrecked  and  nearly  lost  his  Ufe,  until  1878, 
when  he  came  to  Jilinneapolis  and  took  charge  of 
the  Minnesota  Linseed  Oil  Company's  paint 
works.  In  1880  he  formed  a  partnership  with  L. 
J.  Skinner,  known  as  the  Minneapolis  Liquid 
Paint  Company,  lie  married,  hi  Jime,  1880, 
Mary,  daughter  of  Rev.  L.  D.  Brown  of  St.  Paul. 

C.  H.  Smart,  florist,  511  Sixteenth  Avenue 
south,  ilr.  Smart  is  a  native  of  England,  and 
was  born  JSIarch  28th,  1828,  at  London.  In  1868 
he  moved  to  the  state  of  New  York,  where  he 
worked  at  his  trade,  blacksmithing,  until  1871; 
since  that  time  he  has  resided  in  ^Minneapolis. 
While  still  working  at  his  trade,  he  has  engaged 
in  the  cultivation  of  plants  and  flowers,  and  has 
made  good  progress  in  that  entei-prise.  He  mar- 
ried, in  1816,  Eliza  Maddin  of  London.  Their 
two  children  have  passed  away. 

Fred.  L.  Smith  was  bom  in  the  tow  n  of  Lee, 
Maine.  July  2d,  1813.  Received  an  academic  ed- 
ucation at  Lee  Normal  Academy.  Came  to  Min- 
nesota with  his  parents  in  June,  1857,  and  located 
in  St.  Anthony.  Was  the  first  carrier  boy  of  the 
Falls  Eveumg  Journal,  a  daily  paper  started  in 
the  fall  of  1857,  by  Messrs.  Croffut  and  Clark,  in 
whose  office  he  learned  the  printer's  trade. 
Was  foreman  of  the  Pioneer  job  department  in 
1863  and  1861.  and  in  1865  became  associated  with 
Col.  John  II.  Stevens,  Col.  L.  P.  Plummer  and 
others  in  the  publication  of  the  Minneapolis  Daily 
Chronicle.  When  that  paper  was  merged  into 
the  State  Atlas,  and  the  Minneapolis  Daily  Trib- 
une was  started,  he  engaged  as  general  superin- 
tendent of  the  mechanical  department  of  that  in- 
stitution, in  wliicli  place  lie  continued  until  Au- 
gust, 1871,  when  he  formed  a  paitnership  with 


Chas.  W.  Johnson  in  the  job  printing  business. 
Is  now  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Johnson,  Smith 
and  Ilanison,  the  printers  of  this  history.  He 
has  been  an  active  member  of  the  masonic  fra- 
ternity, having  served  three  years  as  Master  of 
Cataract  Lodge  No.  2.  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  during 
which  time  their  new  hall  was  built.  Has  also 
been  High  Priest  of  St.  Anthony  Falls  Royal  Arch 
Chapter  No.  3,  Thrice  Illustrious  Master  of  Adon- 
iram  Council  No.  5,  and  Eminent  Commander  of 
Darius  Commandery  No.  7,  of  this  city.  Is  also 
a  Scottish  Rite  Mason.  Was  elected  Alderman 
of  the  fifth  ward  in  the  spring  of  1878,  for  two 
years.  Was  re-elected  in  the  spring  of  1880  for 
three  years,  and  on  the  organization  of  the  city 
councU,  was  made  its  vice-president.  Was  elec- 
ted president  of  the  city  council  at  its  organiza- 
tion in  1881,  which  position  he  now  liolds.  Was 
married  in  December  1868  to  a  daughter  of  Henry 
Sinclair.    Has  two  children. 

Albee  Smith,  born  November  25th,  1815,  at 
Orange,  Massachusetts.  Attended  the  graded 
schools  of  Cambridge  and  in  1863,  entered  the 
University  of  Chicago;  the  next  year  he  went  to 
Middlebury  College;  during  the  two  years  he 
was  there,  he  read  law  with  Sandford  B.  Perry  and 
Walker,  Dexter  and  Smith.  He  returned  to  Chi- 
cago, entered  the  law  school,  and  in  1867,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  Ottawa,  Illinois.  Came 
to  Minneapolis  the  same  year  and  opened  a  law 
office  in  company  with  M.  D.  L.  Collester.  In 
1871,  he  returned  to  Chicago,  but  was  burned  out 
during  the  great  conflagration,  and  coming  again 
to  Minneapolis,  has  since  continued  in  his  pro- 
fession here.  He  married  MoUie  McClelland  in 
1870.  Their  chikh'en  are,  Robert,  Albee  and 
OrveU. 

C.  H.  Smith,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  was 
bom  June  26th,  1859,  at  Salisbury.  Resided 
there  until  1877,  when  he  came  here  and  worked 
for  the  firm  of  Smith  and  Day,  the  former  beuig 
a  brother  of  his.  In  September,  1878,  he  became 
a  member  of  the  firm  of  Smith  and  Miller;  they 
deal  in  hardware  at  231  Sixth  Avenue  south. 

Charles  W.  Smith,  born  November  Uth.  1818, 
at  Greenville,  Illinois.  Moved  with  his  parents  to 
Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  and  attended  school 
there  until  1862,  when  he  went  to  Europe,  and 
entered  the  Liverpool  Free  College;  he  graduated 
in  1865,  and  then  traveled  through  Europe.    In 


BIOGBAPEICAL. 


633 


1866,  he  crossed  the  isthmus  and  went  to  Calcutta, 
India,  from  Madias.    Retui-ned  to  America  in 

1867,  and  from  here  visited  Buenos  Ayres  in  the 
ship  Kossuth,  in  which  he  was  part  owner,  and  was 
pay-master  of  the  first  railroad  built  in  tlie  Ar- 
gentine Confederation  in  1868.  He  toolc  cliarge 
of  a  steamer  whicli  went  to  tlie  relief  of  a  Welch 
colony  in  Patagonia,  and  returned  overland  to 
Buenos  Ayres,  from  wliere  he  made  a  trip  on 
horse  back  across  the  Andes  to  Cliili,  returning 
through  Paraguay  and  Brazil,  thence  homevi^ard 
in  1870.  Since  that  time  he  has  been  engaged 
in  teaching  in  Minnesota.  In  1878,  he  moved  to 
this  city,  and  in  1875  was  appointed  superinten- 
dent of  schools,  and  was  elected  to  the  otHce  in 
1877,  and  re-elected  in  1879.  Mr.  Smith  married 
Electa  Hawkins  in  1872.  Arthur  Garfield  is  their 
only  child.  The  have  an  adopted  son  Benjamin 
W. 

E.  M.  Smith,  a  native  of  Michigan,  was  born 
February  10th,  1843,  at  Pontiac.  Moved  to  Wi- 
nona, Minnesota,  in  1867,  and  for  tliree  years  was 
engineer  on  the  Winona  and  St.  Peter  railroad. 
In  1870,  he  came  to  this  city  and  ran  an  engine 
two  years  on  the  Chicago,  Milvvaul^ee  and  St. 
Paul  railway.  Since  tlie  Union  Planing  Mills 
started,  he  has  been  employed  there  as  engineer. 
His  wife  was  EtHe  Jones;  their  marriage  occurred 
in  March,  1869;  Burtie,  Daisy,  Roy  and  Ida,  are 
their  children. 

George  Smith,  a  native  of  Wisconsin,  was  born 
July  2oth,  1856,  in  Walworth  county.  Went  to 
Winona,  Minnesota,  in  1875,  and  two  years 
later  removed  to  ilinneapolis.  He  is  now  em- 
ployed as  miller  at  the  Osborne  feed  mill.  His 
address  is  616  Fifth  street  north-east. 

George  Smith,  born  in  Picton  county.  Nova 
Scotia,  September  6th,  18-16.  First  engaged  in 
the  business  of  hides,  tallow,  pelts,  etc.,  at  Chi- 
cago, in  1870,  and  afterwards  with  prominent 
firms  at  Milwaukee  and  Eau  Claire,  Wisconsin. 
In  1875  he  was  employed  as  salesman  for 
Oberne,  Hosick  and  Company,  of  this  city,  103  and 
105  Second  street  south,  and  has  been  prt)moled 
to  manager. 

George  F.  Smith,  was  born  at  Salisbury,  New 
Hampshire,  September  1st,  1842.  Enlisted  in 
1862  in  the  Sixteenth  New  Hampshire  Infantry, 
and  served  one  year.  On  being  mustered  out, 
in  1863,  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  but  the  next 


year  went  south  to  work,  and  laid  the  first  sill  of 
the  Cumberland  hospital,  at  Nashville.  He  re- 
turned in  1S65,  and  W'orked  in  the  hardware 
business  for  J.  S.  Pillsbury,  until  starting  for 
himself  in  1872;  the  firm  of  Smith  and  Scribner 
dates  from  May,  1876.  Mr.  Smith  married  Miss 
Connor  of  this  city,  in  1867.  Their  children  are: 
George,  Ralph  and  Cyrus. 

J.  R.  Smith,  a  native  of  Sahsbury,  New  Hamp- 
shire, was  born  April  21st,  1851.  Since  1871  he 
has  been  a  resident  of  Minneapolis.  He  worked 
for  George  F.  Smith  four  years,  and  in  1876, 
entered  into  partnership  with  Mr.  Day  in  the 
hardware  business.  Mr.  Smith's  marriage  with 
Leonora  Day  took  place  in  1875.  They  are  the 
parents  of  two  children;  J.  R.,  and  Rena.  They 
reside  at  915,  Seventh  Avenue  south. 

J.  A.  Smith,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born  in 
1850.  He  accompanied  his  parents  to  America 
in  1855,  and  removed  to  Minneapolis  in  1874; 
since  that  time  has  been  engaged  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  barrels,  and  is  now  president  of  the  Co- 
operative Barrel  Company. 

Jason  W.  Smith,  was  born  October  23d,  1840, 
in  Penobscot  county,  Maine.  Remained  on  his 
father's  farm  till  1860,  when  he  went  to  Bangor, 
and  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits.  In  July, 
1870,  he  removed  to  this  city  and  clerked  in  a 
grocery  store  three  years,  then  went  into  the 
grocery  trade  at  101  Central  Avenue,  in  partner- 
ship with  W.  W.  Hawes.  His  wife  was  Emma 
Maxim;  they  were  married  in  1865.  Of  tlieir 
fom-  children,  three  are  living:  George,  Edith 
and  Jessie. 

Theodore  W.  Smith,  a  native  of  New  York 
city,  was-  born  August  25th,  1860.  Commenced 
working  at  milling  in  1874,  at  Ashland,  Ohio ;  re- 
moved to  this  city  in  October,  1878,  and  was  em- 
ployed one  year  at  the  Crystal  Lake  mill.  Since 
that  time  has  been  engaged  with  Hawthorne 
Brothers  at  the  Trades  mill.  His  marriage  with 
Julia  Desjardin  occurred  August  3d,  1880. 

C.  L.  Snyder,  born  February  1st,  1831,  in  Som- 
erset county,  Pennsylvania.  In  1857  he  came  to 
Minnesota,  located  at  (ilencoeand  for  three  years 
followed  lumbering  and  farmiug  ;  he  was  sheriff 
of  McLeod  county  in  1857-8.  In  1861  raised 
company  B,  of  tlie  Fourth  Minnesota ;  he  was 
promoted  captain  of  this  coini)any  and  served 
three  years  ;  after  being  mustered  out  in  1864  he 


634 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


went  to  Pennsylvania  and  raised  a  company  of 
artillery  there,  and  served  as  captain  until  May, 
1865.  In  the  fall  of  that  year  be  came  here 
and  was  in  the  wood  business  two  years  then 
formed  a  partnership  with  Mr.  Keator ;  for 
thirteen  years  they  were  carriers  of  the  Minneapo- 
lis Tribune,  and  have  been  in  the  bill  posting 
business  a  number  of  years.  Mr.  Snyder  was 
elected  to  the  city  council  in  1873  and  "79  ;  was 
president  of  the  city  council  in  1880.  In  1855  he 
man'ied  Margaret  Cunningham.  James,  Anna, 
Grace  and  Charles  are  their  cliildren. 

S.  P.  Snyder,  born  April  14th,  182(),  at  Somer- 
set, Pennsylvania.  He  received  a  common  school 
education  and  started  life  as  clerk  in  an  imcle's 
store.  In  1847  he  purchased  a  stock  of  dry 
goods  and  located  at  Berkley's  Mills  ;  he  sold  in 
about  two  years  and  removed  to  Ohio,  where  he 
followed  the  same  business  in  company  with  his 
brother;  he  sold  again  in  1855,  came  to  St.  An- 
thony, and  formed  a  partnership  with  W.  K. 
McFarlane  for  the  purpose  of  locating  lands.  In 
the  fall  of  1855  removed  to  the  west  side,  returned 
to  Ohio,  was  married  and  came  back  to  Minne- 
apolis, and  for  a  time  occupied  J.  II.  Stevens's 
pre-emption  house.  In  1857  became  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  Snyder,  McFarlane  and  Cook,  bank- 
ers and  real  estate  dealers ;  in  the  summer  of 
1857  purchased  eighty  acres  and  platted  it  as 
Snyder  and  Company's  first  addition  to  Minne- 
apolis; Tenth  street  now  passes  through  this. 
Mr.  Snyder  was  one  of  the  many  to  suffer  in  the 
financial  panic  of  1858,  but  afterwards  recovered 
and  in  1876  built  a  fine  large  block,  on  the 
same  spot  where  t\\enty  years  previous  he  had 
placed  his  land  otlice.  In  1880  he  sold  both  block 
and  lot,  as  a  building  site  for  the  new  Union  de- 
pot. In  1856  he  married  Mary  Ramsay.  The 
children  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Snyder  are  Frank, 
Fred  and  ]SIary. 

Joseph  Sonnen  was  born  in  1832  in  Prussia, 
Came  to  America  in  1855,  located  in  the  state  of 
New  York  and  resided  there  about  eight  years. 
In  1873  he  removed  to  Minneapolis,  and  worked 
as  pattern  maker  for  the  St.  Anthony  Iron  Works 
until  1878.  Since  that  time  he  has  been  success- 
fully engaged  in  manufacturing  furniture. 

W.  A.  Spaidding,  Dentist,  was  born  in  Penob- 
scot county,  Maine,  March  7th,  1842.  Moved  to 
Wright  county,  Minnesota,  in  1856,  and  settled 


at  Monticello.  In  1862  he  enlisted,  and  was  three 
and  one-half  years  in  active  seniee;  mustered 
out  in  1865.  Since  the  war  he  has  made  this  city 
his  home.  In  1870,  assisted  in  the  location  of 
the  Minneapolis  and  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  had 
charge  of  bridge  building  on  that  line  until  1872, 
when  he  engaged  in  surveying  townships  in  north- 
western Minnesota.  Mr.  Spaulding  graduated 
from  the  Ohio  college  of  dental  surgery  March 
4th,  1875,  with  the  degree  of  D.  D.  S.;  since  that 
time  has  been  in  practice.  His  wife  was  Miss  J. 
C.  Johnson;  they  were  married  in  1866.  Three 
children  have  been  born  to  them:  Willie,  Susie 
and  one  who  died  in  infancy. 

Edward  Spear,  Jr.,  was  bom  in  1828.  at  War- 
ren. Ohio,  and  received  his  education  in  his  na- 
tive place.  Was  in  the  army  five  years;  was  in 
command  of  an  Ohio  battery  three  years  of  the 
time,  and  then  was  paymaster  of  the  army  of  the 
Tennessee;  after  the  war  he  passed  five  months 
in  Europe.  In  1878  he  came  here  and  established 
the  North-western  Stove  Works,  located  in  South 
^Minneapolis.  ^Ir.  Spear  married,  in  1856,  Emma 
Louder.  Their  children  are :  Louie,  Edward, 
Bertha  and  Harry. 

R.  Speck,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  bom  Sep- 
tember 14th,  1841.  Came  to  the  United  States  in 
1864,  and  resided  at  St.  Paul  until  1874  when  he 
came  here  and  for  about  one  year  was  in  the  pro- 
duce and  commission  business;  since  then  he  has 
had  a  grocery  and  general  merchandise  store,  his 
present  location  being  50]  First  street  north. 
His  marriage  with  Mary  Joungclaus  occurred  in 
1872.  Of  their  four  children,  those  living  are: 
Carl,  Gustave  and  Adolph. 

David  Spillaue,  a  native  of  New  York,  was 
born  August  15th,  1855,  at  Dunkirk.  Wlien  a 
babe  he  moved  with  his  parents  to  Fillmore 
county,  Minnesota.  When  seventeen  years  of  age 
he  commenced  the  milling  business  at  Wlialan. 
In  July,  1879,  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  en- 
gaged with  the  Standard  mill,  where  he  occupies 
the  position  of  grinder. 

J.  11.  Stahr  was  bom  December  29th,  1842,  in 
Denmark.  Came  to  this  country,  worked  one 
year  at  farming  in  Indiana,  six  months  in  a  roll- 
ing mill,  and  then  was  engaged  as  clerk  in  a  hotel, 
previous  to  returning  to  Denmark  on  a  visit.  In 
1866  he  removed  to  Wisconsin  and  engaged  in  the 
grocery  business;  came  here  in  1876  and  was  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


635 


different  lines  of  business  till  1880,  wben  he 
opened  a  second-hand  store  at  208  Plymouth  Av- 
enue. In  1865  he  married  Christine  Hanson. 
They  have  had  nine  children;  only  tliree  are  liv- 
ing. 

Carl  G.  Stammwitz  was  bom  in  Germany  In 
1831.  Came  to  St.  Anthony  in  1858,  and  was 
head  miller  for  Morrison  and  Prescott,  at  the 
Farmer's  mill,  six  years.  In  1865,  bought  the  St. 
Anthony  mill  in  company  with  G.  Schober;  they 
purchased  a  half  interest  in  tlie  People's  mill  in 
1870,  and  the  next  year  disposed  of  the  St.  An- 
thony mill;  in  1875  they  took  the  machinery  out 
of  the  People's  mill  and  built  tlie  Phoenix.  Mr. 
Stammwitz  married  Caroline  Peterson  in  1861. 
Their  children  are  Carl,  Annie,  Frederick,  Olga, 
Adolph,  Otto.  Augusta,  Bertha,  Henry,  Alice  and 
Alvin  (twins,)  and  George. 

C.  M.  Stebbins,  a  native  of  Long  Meadow, 
Massachusetts,  was  born  in  1829.  Lived  with  his 
parents  until  sixteen  years  of  age,  when  he  went 
to  Connecticut  and  worked  at  carpentering  four 
years.  In  1849,  returned  to  Massachusetts  for 
one  year;  then  went  again  to  Connecticut  and 
remained  till  July,  1878,  when  he  came  to  this 
city;  his  place  of  business  is  218  Second  Avenue 
south.  Mr.  Stebbins  was  married  in  1856  to  Miss 
Langdon.  They  have  two  childi-en,  llattie  and 
Henry. 

E.  S.  Stebbins  was  born  in  1854,  at  Boston  Massa- 
chusetts. Moved  to  Troy,  New  York,  in  1868, 
and  two  years  later  went  to  Saratoga.  In  1872 
he  commenced  the  study  of  arcliitecture.  Went 
to  Boston  and  attended  the  Technological  Insti- 
tute two  years.  He  worked  with  E.  D.  Harris 
three  years  on  the  Grand  Union  Hotel,  Saratoga, 
and  the  fourth  year  had  entire  supervision  of  the 
work.  In  1877  he  came  here.  His  office  is  304 
Nicollet  Avenue.  Mr.  Stebbins  drew  plans  for 
the  Hennepin  county  jail,  Christ  Cliurcli,  Henne- 
pin county  poor-hon.se,  Richfield  town  hall,  and 
several  public  buildings  at  Grand  Forks,  Dakota. 
He  was  married  in  1880. 

Franklin  Steele.  Tlie  following  memoir,  by 
Rev.  E.  D.  Neill,  was  read  at  tlie  meeting  of  the 
department  of  American  History  of  tlie  State 
Historical  Society,  in  October,  1880.  "  In  memo- 
riam :  Franklin  Steele.  This  evening  we  as- 
semble under  the  shadow  of  a  sudden  and  painful 
lo.s.    Among  the  twenty-live  or  thii-ty  present  at 


the  September  meeting  of  this  department  of  the 
State  Historical  Society,  he  who  attracted  the  most 
attention  by  his  fine  presence  and  manly  form  was 
its  chairman,  Franklin  Steele.  Tliose  who  saw 
him  on  that  evening,  in  perfect  health,  presiding 
so  courteously,  yet  unolitriisively,  can  with  diffi- 
culty realize  that  on  the  tliird  night  after,  he  was 
silenced  by  death,  and  that  in  less  than  a  week 
his  lifeless  body  was  carried  to  its  last  resting- 
place  in  the  beautiful  cemetery  which  overlooks 
the  capital  of  tlie  republic.  Not  only  as  a  life 
member  of  the  Minnesota  Historical  Society,  and 
cliairmanof  the  department  of  American  History, 
but  as  one  of  the  founders  of  the  commonwealth 
of  Minnesota,  is  he  deserving  of  some  brief 
memorial. 

While  the  French  were  still  occupying  the  val- 
ley of  the  Alleglieny,  the  region  between  the 
Delaware  and  Susquelianna  rivers,  in  Pennsylva- 
nia, was  fast  filling  up  witli  industrious  farmers 
from  Wales,  Ireland,  Scotland,  and  Germany. 
Among  the  hardy  men  wlio  found  homes  in  wliat 
is  now  Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania,  was  the 
paternal  ancestor  of  Franklin  Steele,  and  the 
wife  of  this  pioneer  was  of  Scotch  descent.  Fru- 
gal and  persevering,  they  raised  a  large  family, 
and  four  sons,  at  least,  attained  manhood. 

Archibald  served  under  the  lamented  Mont- 
gomery in  1775,  in  the  expedition  against  Quebec, 
and  during  the  revolution  became  deputy  quarter- 
master general  for  the  troops  of  the  western  di- 
vision of  tlie  army  in  Pennsylvania. 

Joliii,  wIki  was  liorii  in  the  town  of  Lancaster, 
was  about  seventeen  years  of  age  and  going  to 
school  when  the  thrilling  news  arrived  that  the 
farmers  near  Lexington  had  peppered  the  British 
soldiery  from  Boston,  with  the  contents  of  their 
fowling  pieces.  It  stirred  the  blood  of  lliis  boy, 
and  soon  he  was  found  enlisted  in  the  war  for  in- 
dependence. At  the  battle  of  Brandywine,  in 
September,  1777,  he  received  in  his  shoulder  what 
was  supposed  for  a  time  to  lie  a  fat;il  wound.  On 
one  occasion  he  swam  across  the  Delaware,  wliile 
ice  was  floating,  with  orders  tied  in  a  silk  handker- 
chief around  his  head.  Although  benumbed,  he 
reached  the  Jersey  shore,  and  gave  an  alarm, 
which  baffled  the  enemy.  In  March,  1778,  Lieu- 
tenant John  Steele  was  recommended  to  the  ex- 
ecutive council  of  Pennsylvania  as  "an  officer 
well  (lualilied  to  recruit  in  Lancaster  county." 


636 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


William  was  a  tltiril  son.  and  a  letter  is  pre- 
served wliieli  was  written  by  John  to  his  brother, 
dated  Morristown,  Xew  Jersey,  June  14tb,  1780, 
and  from  which  is  tliis  extract:  "I  at  present 
enjoy  myself  incomparably  well,  in  the  family  of 
Mi's.  AVashington,  whose  guard  1  have  had  the  hon- 
or to  command,  since  the  absence  of  the  general, 
and  the  rest  of  tlie  family,  which  is  now  six  or 
seven  days.  I  am  happy  in  tlie  importance  of  my 
charge,  as  well  as  in  the  presence  of  the  most 
amiable  woman  on  earth,  and  whose  character, 
should  I  attempt  to  describe,  I  could  not  do  jus- 
tice to,  but  will  only  say  that  I  think  it  is  unex- 
tionable." 

James,  a  fourth  son,  was  the  father  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  memoir.  During  the  war  of  1812  he 
was  inspector  general  of  Pennsylvania,  and  had 
represented  his  fellow-citizens  in  the  legislature. 
Subsequently  he  was  an  enterprising  citizen  in 
the  valley  of  the  Octorara,  the  stream  which  sepa- 
rates Chester  and  Lancaster  counties.  Engaged 
ill  farmuig,  owning  a  store,  a  flour  and  cotton 
mill,  he  was  the  center  of  a  neighborhood. 

Franklin  Steele,  in  1813  was  born  at  his  fathers" 
residence  near  the  western  boundary  line  in 
Chester  county,  and  as  he  approached  manhood, 
was  actuated  by  the  laudable  ambition  to  depend 
upon  his  own  exertions,  and  obtained  a  position  in 
the  Lancaster  post-office.  In  this  place  he  was 
brought  in  contact  \\  ith  James  Buchanan,  after- 
wards president,  and  others  who  had  known  his 
father,  and  also  liked  him  for  his  own  cheerful 
spirit.  From  the  desire  to  act  well  his  part  in 
life,  he  looked  toward  the  distant  west  as  a 
broader  and  more  rapid  field  for  development. 
In  view  of  the  treaties  about  to  be  made  with 
the  Cliippewa  and  Sioux  Indians  for  tlie  lands 
between  the  St.  Croix  and  ilississippi,  Franklin 
Steele,  and  two  or  three  others,  in  tlie  summer  of 
1837.  in  a  birch-bark  canoe  propelled  by  eight 
men,  left  the  mouth  of  tlie  Minnesota  river  and 
descending  the  Mississippi,  entered  the  St.  Croix 
and  ascending  to  its  falls,  laid  claim  to  the  val- 
uable water-power  by  erecting  a  claim  cabhi  of 
logs. 

After  General  Dodge  made  a  treaty  with  ths 
Ghippewas  at  Fort  Snelling,  a  delegation  of  Sioux 
were  taken  by  the  Indian  agent  at  Fort  Snelling 
to  Washington,  and  there  they  also,  on  the  27th 
of  September,  1837,  signed  a  treaty  by  which  the 


pine  forests  of  Minnesota  were  effectually   op- 
ened to  the  axe  of  the  lumberman. 

Mr.  Steele  passed  the  winter  of  1838  at  Wash- 
ington and  elsewhere,  but  on  the  evening  of  the 
13th  of  June,  on  the  steamboat  Burlington,  ar- 
rived at  Fort  Suelling.  Among  his  fellow  pass- 
engers were  Capt.  Maryatt,  of  the  British  navy, 
the  well-known  novelist,  and  a  number  of  others, 
ladies  as  well  as  gentlemen.  With  them,  he  rode 
out  for  pleasure  to  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  then 
the  ultima  thule.  a  point  at  which  he  was  destined 
to  ereet  the  flrs^  permanent  structure,  and  in 
which,  after  it  became  a  city  of  forty-eight  thou- 
sand inhabitants,  he  was  suddenly  to  die. 

On  the  20th  of  June,  the  steamboat  Ariel  ar- 
rived at  Fort  Snelling,  and  one  of  the  passengers 
said  that  the  senate  had  ratified  the  treaty,  but  it 
was  not  until  the  loth  of  July,  that  the  Palmyra 
brought  the  official  notice, 

Mr,  Steele  now  made  another  trip  to  the  falls 
of  St.  Croix  and  on  the  16th  of  August  he  came 
back  to  the  fort.  Disposing  of  his  interests  at  the 
falls  of  St.  Croix,  he  turned  his  attention  to  the 
development  of  the  claim  at  the  falls  of  St.  An- 
thony, and  in  1838  engaged  a  man  to  cultivate  six 
or  eight  acres  there,  the  land  having  not  yet  been 
surveyed.  It  was  not  until  18-tS  that  there  was  a 
sale  of  lands  by  the  government,  and  this  year  he 
completed  the  first  saw-mill  on  the  east  side  of 
the  falls. 

In  1851  he  secured  a  site  for  the  preparatory 
department  of  the  University  of  Minnesota,  and 
was  tlie  largest  contributor  toward  the  erection 
of  the  first  academic  building.  The  academy  was 
opened  in  October.  1851,  and  until  destroyed  by 
fire  stood  in  the  east  division  pai'k,  opposite  the 
stone  edifice  now  owned  by  Macalester  College. 

After  the  treaties  of  1851,  settlers  began  to 
dwell  on  the  prairie  on  the  west  side  of  the  falls 
of  St.  Antliony.  and  in  a  few  years  were  more 
numerous  than  those  on  the  east  side.  With  an 
adiding  faith  that  in  time,  the  roar  of  a  great  city 
would  drown  the  "voice  of  many  watere,"  Mr. 
Steele,  before  patents  were  issued  from  the  gen- 
eral land  office  at  Washington  for  the  land  on  the 
west  side,  contracted  for  the  swinging  of  a  wire 
suspension  bridge  over  the  Mississippi,  just  above 
tlie  cataract,  the  first  bridge  of  any  description 
which  spanned  the  great  river  from  Lake  Itasca 
to  the  gulf  of  Mexico. 


BIOGBArHICAL. 


637 


After  its  complptioii,  ihe  MiniiPi'ota  leRislatiire 
in  tlie  winter  of  1855.  adjonrned  for  one  day  to  be 
present  at  tlie  formal  opening  of  the  artistic  struc- 
ture, wliich  for  years  was  not  only  a  great  thor- 
oughfare for  immigrants,  but  admired  by  travelers 
and  tourists  as  a  thing  of  beauty.  About  tliis 
time  liis  name  was  appropriately  given  by  the 
state  to  one  of  the  counties  made  out  of  the  lands 
which  liad  been  ceded  by  the  Sioux. 

Tlie  month  of  August,  1862,  can  never  be  for- 
gotten by  tlie  settlers  of  Minnesota.  The  Sioux, 
taking  advantage  of  the  civil  war  that  was  then 
raging,  rose  like  demons  incarnate,  and  without 
warning  began  to  attack  the  settlements  of  the 
Minnesota  river,  and  murder  and  scalp  defence- 
less women  and  children.  Volunteers  from  St. 
Paul  and  Minneapolis  hurried  to  the  scene  of 
slaughter,  and  Mr.  Steele  followed  as  soon  as 
possible  with  the  necessary  supplies.  The  drivers 
of  the  supply  trains  at  length  faltered  and  said 
they  dared  not  go  on,  when  Mr.  Steele,  with 
characteristic  quietness  and  efficiency,  headed 
the  column,  riding  in  an  open  buggy,  night  and 
day,  and  restored  confidence. 

In  April,  1843,  he  was  married,  in  Baltimore, 
by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Wyatt,  to  Anna,  daughter  of 
■\Villiam  C.  Barney,  and  grand-child  of  Commo- 
dore Barney  of  the  United  States  navy,  and  also 
of  Samuel  Chase,  the  Maryland  states-man,  one 
of  the  signers  of  the  declai'ation  of  independence, 
afterwards  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
United  States. 

With  his  bride  he  came  to  Fort  Snelling  when 
it  was  surrounded  by  Indians,  and  in  his  wilder- 
ness home  he  always  exhibited  a  generous  hospi- 
tality. As  his  daughters  began  to  grow  up,  he  felt 
felt  it  desirable  to  have  a  family  residence  where 
they  could  obtain  a  proper  education,  and  during 
the  latter  years  of  his  life  he  passed  the  winters  in 
Washington,  but  always  spoke  of  Minnesota  as 
home. 

Unobtrusiveness  was  a  marked  characteristic 
of  our  late  associate.  His  voice  was  not  heard 
in  the  streets.  Persons  would  associate  with 
him  for  months  in  the  midst  of  this  city,  and 
would  never  think  that  he  had  a  right  to  say: 
"Quorum  magna  pars  fui."  But  while  retiring 
be  was  affable.  A  gentleman  by  instinct,  he 
avoided  topics  and  allusions  which  would  be 
painful    to    those    with    whom    he    con\'ersed. 


Among  those  in  whom  he  had  confidence  he 
loved  to  indulge  in  pleasantry. 

By  prosperity  he  w;  s  not  puffed.  Weak  hu- 
man nature  is  often  made  very  stiff  and  conse- 
quential by  an  increase  of  this  world's  goods,  but 
he  showed  none  of  that  disagreeable  conscious- 
ness which  money  gives  to  some  people.  No  poor 
man  was  ever  humiliated  in  hispnsence.  Of  an 
inquiring  mind,  with  good  perceptive  powers,  in- 
terested in  public  questions,  and  holding  social 
intercourse  every  winter  with  some  of  the  best 
men  of  the  republic,  he  was  able  to  impart  val- 
uable information  and  engage  in  agreeable  con- 
versation. Thrown  much  of  his  life-time  with 
frontiersmen,  he  admued  thekenergy,  but  did  not 
adopt  their  standai'ds.  He  did  not  soil  his  mouth 
with  coarse,  profane  or  indecent  utterances.  The 
slang  of  the  roaring  fellows  in  a  loggers'  camp, 
or  at  a  military  post  had  no  charms. 

While  the  soul  is  immortal  and  more  valuable 
than  the  mortal  body  which  encases  it,  yet  the 
Hebrews  acknowledged  that  it  was  a  privilege  to 
have  a  fine  physical  presence.  The  sacred  writers 
turned  aside  from  mightier  matters  to  mention 
that  there  was  not  among  the  Children  of  Israel 
a  "goodlier  person"  than  Saul,  who  from  his 
shoulders  upward  was  higher  than  any  of  the 
people,  and  that  David  "was  ruddy  and  withal  of 
a  beautiful  countenance."  The  subject  of  our 
memoir  was  excelled  by  few  in  the  symmetry  of 
his  physical  development.  As  a  young  man 
his  presence  was  noticeable.  An  old  army  offi- 
cer saw  him  conversing  with  a  young  lady  at  a 
party  given  by  a  member  of  congress  in  Wash- 
ington. He  asked  his  name,  and  when  told  that 
he  was  from  what  was  then  called  distant  Iowa 
Territory,  he  replied:  "No  matter  where  he  re- 
sides; God  never  made  a  finer  form." 

An  old  English  writer,  speaking  of  a  statesman 
of  the  days  of  James  I.,  wrote:  "As  Ammianus 
describes  a  well-shaped  man:  'At)  ipso  capite, 
usque,  ad  ungium  summitates  recta  erat  linea- 
mentorum  compage'; 'from  the  nailsof  the  fingers, 
nay,  from  the  sole  of  liis  foot  to  the  crown  of  his 
head,  there  was  no  blemish  in  him.'  And  yet  his 
carriage,  and  every  stoop  of  his  deportment,  more 
than  his  excellect  form,  were  the  beauty  of  his 
beauty."  Does  not  this  description  recall  the  late 
chairman  of  this  department  of  the  Minnesota 
Historical  Society?  At  our  meeting  in  September 


638 


HISTOIiY  OF  HENXEPIX  COUNTY. 


no  one  couki  have  looked  upon  his  cleai-cnt  fea- 
tures, his  fine  expression,  his  manly,  erect  and 
matured  form,  without  feeling  that  he  was  en- 
dowed with  a  frame  superior  to  most  men. 
'■Death  found  strange  beauty  on  that  polished 
brow,  and  dashed  it  out." 

After  breakfast  on  the  9th  of  September,  he 
was  riding  witli  an  acquaintance,  when  he 
was  seized  with  dizziness.  Soon  after  he  lost 
consciousness,  and  at  an  early  hour  next  morning, 
while  it  was  yet  dark,  in  the  presence  of  a  brother 
and  a  son  and  a  few  friends,  his  spirit  departed 
to  his  God.  A  beloved  wife  and  a  portion  of  his 
family  liastened  to  his  side,  but  not  until  the 
heart  ceased  to  beat  did  they  an-ive.  Lovingly 
and  tenderly  the  widow  earned  his  lifeless  form 
in  a  special  car.  surromided  by  her  two  sons  and 
three  of  her  daughters,  to  the  family  residence  at 
Georgetown,  and  on  Tluirsday  afternoon,  the 
16th  ult.,  his  body  was  borne  to  St.  John's 
Church,  Washington,  D.  C,  where  the  family 
had  attended,  and  services  were  conducted  by 
the  Rev.  Mr.  C  arke,  assisted  by  the  Eev.  Mr. 
Lindsay,  of  Georgetown. 

The  same  hymns  that  had  been  sung  at  the 
services  in  iliinieapolis  were  sung  there,  and  the 
same  flowers  which  loving  friends  laid  on  his 
coffin  in  his  sou's  parlor,  in  this  city,  were  also 
used.  The  church  was  filled  with  citizens  of 
"Washington,  who  had  learned  to  respect  the 
quiet,  gentle  man.  From  the  church  he  was 
borne  to  Oak  Hills  cemetery  and  placed  in  his 
last  resting  place,  next  to  the  grave  of  his  daugh- 
ter's husband,  the  historic  commander  of  the 
Cumberland  in  the  memorable  conflict  of  Hamp- 
ton Eoads. 

It  will  be  long  before  his  friends  and  his  family 
W'ill  forget  Frauklin  Steele: 

To  live  in  hearts  we  leave  behind 
Is  not  to  die. 

After  the  reading  of  the  memorial,  on  motion 
of  W.  W.  ^McNair,  resolutions  of  respect  were 
adopted."' 

Franklin  Steele.  Jr..  son  of  the  late  Franklin 
Steele,  and  one  of  the  first  white  natives  of  Hen- 
nepin county,  was  born  in  1849.  Since  reaching 
his  majority  he  has  been  engaged  in  business  at 
Minneapolis.  Mr.  Steele  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  1S72,  by  Judge  Wilkin,  of 


St.  Paul,  passing  his  examination  with  great 
credit.  He  was  married  m  Febniary,  1872,  to 
Kathleen  Lynes.  They  are  the  parents  of  two 
children.  He  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Frank- 
lin Steele,  Jr.,  and  Company,  dealere  in  agricul- 
tural implements,  wagons,  etc.,  corner  of  First 
sti-eet  and  Second  Avenue  south.  Residence  on 
Nicollet  Island. 

E.  II.  Steele,  a  native  of  Vermont,  was  bom 
in  1846.  "Was  employed,  in  1868,  by  the  firm  of 
"Whitten,  Burdett  and  Young,  of  Boston,  as  trav- 
eling salesman,  and  continued  with  them  until 
1874,  at  which  time  he  established  the  clothing 
business  which  he  is  conducting  so  successfully  in 
tills  city.  Mr.  Steele's  family  consists  of  only 
himself  and  wife.  They  have  a  fine  residence  on 
Eighth  street.  This  building  is  heated  by  steam, 
fitted  with  electric  bells,  burglar  alarm,  etc. 

Nicholas  Steffes,  a  native  of  Germany,  was 
born  December  10th,  1848.  C;fme  to  America 
with  his  parents  in  1855,  and  lived  on  a  farm  in 
"Wright  county,  Minnesota,  until  the  age  of  eigh- 
teen, when  he  volunteered  in  the  Tenth  United 
States  Regulars  at  Fort  Snelling,  and  served  his 
full  time  of  enlistment.  lie  has  since  resided  in 
Minneapolis.  He  joined  the  volunteer  fire  depart- 
ment in  1875,  and  served  as  driver  until  the  or- 
ganization of  the  paid  department,  when  he  was 
appointed  foreman  of  Hose  Company  Xo.  4.  In 
1876  he  married  Kate  Bofferding.  Their  children 
are  Annie  and  John. 

J.  F.  Stephens  was  bom  July  4th.  18-52,  in  Ches- 
ter county,  Pennsylvania.  .His  father  was  a  mil- 
ler, and  he  learned  the  trade  with  him,  in  his  na- 
tive place.  He  worked  at  farming  for  four  years 
inevious  to  coming  west  in  1872.  He  reached 
this  city  December  1st  of  that  year,  and  com- 
menced work  in  the  Minneapolis  mill,  filling  a 
minor  position  at  first,  but  by  industry  and  atten- 
tion to  business  advanced  to  the  position  of  head 
miller,  which  position  he  fills  to  the  entire  satis- 
faction of  his  employers.  * 

Frank  L.  Stetson,  born  December  19th,  1853, 
in  Knox  county.  Maine.  He  moved  with  his  pa- 
rents to  Boston,  in  1865,  and  there  attended 
gi-aded  schools,  afterward  went  to  the  Dean 
Academy  at  Franklin.  In  the  spring  of  1869  he 
came  here  and  sought  employment  in  the  lumber 
mills ;  he  had  charge  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
railroad  company's  mills  at  Brainerd  in  1878,  re- 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


639 


turned  here  and  until  the  spring  of  1880  was  fore-^ 
man  in  Leavitt,  Cliase  and  Company's  mill,  since 
that  time  lias  filled  the  same  position  with  Merri- 
man  and  Barrows.  lie  is  second  chief  engineer 
of  the  fire  department  of  which  he  has  been 
a  member  since  1872.  Mr.  Stetson's  wife  was  Ida 
"Winslow,  their  marriage  occurred  in  1-877.  They 
have  had  one  child. 

II.  A.  Stetson,  a  native  of  Lincolnville,  Maine, 
was  born  in  1849.  Came  to  Minneapolis  in  the 
fall  of  1867  and  was  employed  in  saw  mills  five 
years ;  then  in  company  with  W.  C.  Stetson,  his 
brother,  built  the  mill  which  bore  their  name ; 
after  operating  it  three  years  disposed  of  his  in- 
terest and  went  to  work  on  the  Chicago,  Milwau- 
kee and  St.  Paul  railway.  In  April,  1879,  en- 
gaged to  work  in  the  mill  for  his  brother,  who 
sold  in  ISSO  to  Wlieaton,  Reynolds  and  Company, 
and  he  has  been  with  them  since.  He  married 
Lillie  Howe,  in- 1876.  Blanche  and  Alice  are 
their  cliildren. 

W.  C.  Stetson  was  born  October  IRth,  1841,  in 
Waldo  county,  Maine.  He  came  to  St.  Anthony 
in  1857  and  worked  in  different  mills  fourteen 
years.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  Ninth  Minne- 
sota Volunteers.  After  service  he  returned  to 
Minneapolis  and  in  1871 ,  built  a  planing  mill,  in 
company  with  his  lirother;  they  operated  the  mill 
eight  months,  then  he  bought  his  brother's  share 
and  sold  a  half  interest  to  B.  F.  Nelson.  In  1878 
they  built  the  St.  Louis,  and  the  year  following 
Mr.  Stetson  closed  out  his  interest  in  both  mills. 
He  built  in  1880  the-Farnham  and  Lovejoy  mill, 
and  has  since  operated  it  for  them.  In  1859  he 
married  Catharine  Griffin. 

Frank  Stevens,  a  native  of  Worcester  county, 
Massachusetts,  was  born  July  5th,  1853.  Worked 
in  that  state  at  different  lines  of  business  until 
April,  1878,  when  he  removed  to  Minneapolis, 
and  after  clerking  in  a  grocery  store  until  1879 
he  embarked  in  the  same  for  business  himself.  He 
had  a  fine  trade  up  to  December,  1880,  when,  de- 
siring a  change  he  sold,  with  the  intention  of  en- 
gaging in  other  enterprises. 

Col.  John  II.  Stevens,  the  pioneer  of  Minne- 
apolis proper,  is  a  native  of  Lower  Canada.  His 
parents,  who  were  natives  of  Vermont,  emigrated 
from  there  to  one  of  the  eastern  townships  of 
Lower  Canada,  where  John  H.  was  born,  June 
13th,   1820.    The  family  trace  their  descent  to 


the  so  called  French  Huguenots,  who  emigrated  to 
New  England,  coming  over  with  other  Puritans 
in  the  May-flower.  Gardner  Stevens,  his  father, 
was  an  extensive  farmer,  and  gave  his  sons  a  lib- 
eral education.  At  an  early  day  Mr.  Stevens  de- 
termined to  become  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the 
far  west.  His  first  move  was  to  the  lead  mines 
of  Illinois  and  Wisconsin.  During  the  war  with 
Mexico,  he  served  with  the  army  of  invasion 
and  after  the  war  closed,  he  came  to  the  territory 
of  Minnesota,  which  had  recently  been  set  apart 
from  Iowa.  He  located  on  the  original  town- 
site  of  Minneapolis,  opposite  the  beautiful  and 
picturesque  Falls  of  St.  Anthony;  here  he  lived 
alone  and  desolate  with  the  Indians.  The  nearest 
habitation  of  white  men  was  Fort  Snelling. 
Since  that  time  vast  and  wonderful  elianges  have 
been  made,  such  as  but  few  men  have  witnessed 
in  the  short  space  of  thirty-two  years.  He  has 
lived  to  see  grow  from  his  humble  home  a  city  of 
fifty  thousand  souls,  and  should  he  be  spared  un- 
til he  reaches  his  three  score  and  ten,  he  will 
doubtless  behold  a  city  of  over  one  hundred  thou- 
sand inhabitants.  He  has  frequently  been  hon- 
ored with  seats  in  the  senate  and  house  of  repre- 
sentatives in  the  state  legislature,  and  has  also 
held  high  and  responsible  offices  of  trust  and 
honor,  both  civil  and  military  with  the  greatest 
success  and  credit.  lie  was  married  May  10th, 
1850,  in  Rockford,  Illinois,  to  Miss  Francis  H. 
Miller,  of  Oneida  county,  New  York.  Their 
children  living  are,  Kittie  D.,  wife  of  P.  B.  Win- 
ston Esq.  of  this  city;  Sarah,  who  resides  with 
her  parents;  Orma,  a  graduate  of  the  city  high 
school;  Francis  II.  Gardner,  their  only  son,  is  a 
civil  engineer. 

Kev.  Daniel  Stewart,  D.  D..  pastor  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  Church,  Minneapolis,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  was  born  in  Amsterdam,  Montgom- 
ery county.  New  York,  July  17th,  1811,  spending 
most  of  his  early  life  in  that  vicinity,  pursuing 
academical  studies  at  Johnstown,  under  the  Rev. 
Gilbert  Morgan.  Entered  Union  college  in  1830, 
graduated  in  1833.  After  graduating  went  to 
Europe,  traveling  in  England,  Scotland,  Ger- 
many and  France;  on  returning,  entered  the  Tlie- 
ological  Seminary  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey,  in 
1835,  graduated  in  the  class  of  '37-8,  under  Drs. 
Alexander  and  Miller.  After  leaving  the  semi- 
nary, was  called,  accepted  and  settled  over  the 


640 


HISTORY  OF  IJENKEPIN  COUNTY. 


first  dinreh  at  Amstei-flam.  Xew  York,  in  1839, 
remaining  there  for  abont  one  year,  wlien  lie 
received  a  call  from  Ballston  Springs,  w  here  lie 
remained  for  nearly  four  years,  from  tlience  to 
tlie  First  clmrch  in  Xew  Albany.  Indiana,  where 
he  ministered  to  them  for  about  four  years;  from 
that  charge  to  the  care  of  the  Theological  Semi- 
nary, where  lie  remained  until  the  spring  of  1853, 
when  he  again  went  to  Europe,  going  as  far  as 
Italy,  with  his  wife,  who  is  a  daughter  of  Asa 
Mann,  of  New  Albany.  Indiana.  On  his  second 
return  from  the  Old  World,  was  called  to  the 
charge  of  the  First  Fresbyterian  Church  of  Cam- 
den, New  Jersey,  ministering  to  them  until  1861. 
From  Camden  went  to  Johnstown.  New  York, 
remaining  there  until  1869.  "\Vliile  in  Johnstown 
his  efforts  were  marked  with  success  exceeding 
the  expectations  of  his  most  sanguine  admirers. 
Finding  the  church  somewhat  disrupted,  in  debt, 
without  an  organ,  and  no  income;  leaving  it 
united,  with  one  of  Hook's  best  organs,  out  of 
debt,  and  with  an  income  of  five  thousand  dollars. 
The  one  ever-to-be  remembered  day  in  the  his- 
tory of  this  church  was  when  on  that  day  he 
took  into  the  church  one  hundred  and  fifty  mem- 
bers, one  hundred  and  thirty  of  them  being  on 
profession  of  faith;  a  large  number  of  them  be- 
tween the  ages  of  fifty  and  seventy.  'When  in 
Camden,  found  the  church  on  the  mission  board, 
raised  it  to  a  self-sustaining  church,  besides  send- 
ing out  a  colony,  which  became  self-sustaining, 
building  a  new  and  elegant  church,  and  is  the 
second  church  in  Camden.  From  Johnstown 
again  to  Xew  Albany,  where  he  preached  in  the 
pulpit  of  the  Second  church  for  two  years.  In 
1871  came  to  Minnesota  on  account  of  a  serious 
trouble  with  his  eyes,  expecting  to  remain  but 
for  a  brief  time;  was  invited  while  here  to 
supply  the  Andrew  church  which  he  con- 
sented to  do.  and  remained  with  them  for  two 
years,  when  he  came  to  the  West  Side,  June 
1st,  1875.  as  stated  supply,  where  he  has  re- 
mained up  to  the  present  time.  His  first  wife 
was  the  daughter  of  Peter  "\'ain.  merchant,  of 
Albany,  New  York,  with  whom  he  lived  for 
about  six  years,  having  one  daughter,  now  the 
wife  of  cashier  Harris  of  the  Xortlnvestern 
bank,  and  one  son  by  the  present  wife,  J.  C. 
Stewart,  now  with  the  Monitor  Plow  Works. 
Walter  M.  Stewart  died  at  twenty-four  years  of 


age,  after  finishing  his  studies  for  the  profession 
of  medicine. 

Levi  M.  Stewart  is  a  native  of  Maine;  received 
there  an  academic  education,  and  afterward  grad- 
uated from  Dartmouth  college:  is  also  a  graduate 
of  the  law  school  at  Cambridge.  After  practicing 
law  tucceff-fully  fcr  a  time  in  his  native  state  he 
came  West,  and  has  been  a  resident  of  this  city 
since  1856.  His  oflice  is  at  the  corner  of  Wash- 
ington and  Nicollet  Avenues. 

C.  F.  Stimson  was  born  April  19th,  1822,  in 
York  county,  Maine.  He  was  in  the  lumber 
business  at  Washington,  Mauie,  four  years;  in 
June,  1848,  removed  to  Stillwater,  and  the  same 
year  to  St.  Anthony,  being  engaged  in  lumbering 
most  of  the  time  until  1879.  He.  hi  company 
with  William  Simpson  and  A.  Eogers,  built  the 
mill  now  owned  by  Farnham  and  Lovejoy,  also 
the  building  now  occupied  as  a  paper-mill.  Mr. 
Stimson  served  one  year  as  treasurer  of  Ramsey 
county,  while  St.  Anthony  was  in  that  county. 
He  moved  to  his  farm  near  Elk  River  in  1879. 
His  marriage  with  Olive  Estes  occurred  in  1850. 
Children:  Albert,  EUa,  WUliam  and  one  who 
died  in  infancy. 

E.  H.  Stockton,  M.  D.,  was  bom  October  4tti, 
1827,  in  Bucks  county,  Pennsylvania.  Attended 
school  at  Trenton,  New  Jersey,  and  studied  med- 
icine at  Philadelphia.  In  1849  he  attended  two 
courses  of  lectures  at  the  Ohio  ;Medical  College 
of  Cincinnati.  Followed  his  profession  in  Ohio 
and  Indiana  imtil  1865;  since  that  time  he  has 
been  in  practice  at  Minneapolis.  In  1869  he  was 
made  a  member  of  the  State  Medical  Society, 
and  is  one  of  the  city  board  of  health.  Dr. 
Stockton  married,  in  1871,  Miss  Rose  Wilson  of 
Indiana. 

Alvin  Stone  was  born  in  Salmon  Falls,  New 
Hampshire,  October  13th,  1825.  In  1848  made 
an  extended  tour  in  the  South:  returned  the  next 
year,  and  in  1850  came  to  ^linneapolis.  His 
principal  occupation  has  been  painting;  he  has 
been  a  member  of  several  different  firms,  and  has 
done  a  very  large  business  by  contracts.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1851,  Mr.  Stone  returned  to  his  native 
state;  the  following  March  married  Elisabeth 
Goodwin,  at  Lowell.  Massachusetts,  and  at  once 
came  West.  They  have  had  seven  children; 
those  living  are  Hattie  and  Harris. 

E.  E.  Strothmau,  a  native  of  Milwaukee,  Wis- 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


641 


cousin,  was  born  August  IStb,  1845.  Learned 
the  machinist's  trade  at  tlie  Bay  State  Iron 
Works,  and  after  serving  his  apprenticeship  re- 
mained with  tlie  firm  four  years.  In  1867,  in 
company  with  his  brother,  lie  commenced  manu- 
facturing steam  engines,  but  in  1870  he  came  to 
this  city  and  was  with  the  Xorth  Star  Iron 
Works  until  he  started  his  present  business.  His 
wife  was  Etta  Banker,  whom  he  married  in  1868, 
at  Milwaukee.  They  have  two  children,  Clarence 
and  Ilerberd. 

J.  r.  Stranahan  was  born  July  18th,  1854,  at 
Bunker  Hill,  ilichigan.  In  1856,  accompanied 
his  parents  to  Minnesota  and  located  in  Goodhue 
county.  At  the  early  age  of  fourteen  he  com- 
menced learnuig  carpentering;  went  to  Xorth- 
fleld  in  1870  and  two  years  later  removed  to  St. 
Paul,  where  he  assisted  in  building  S.  Mayall's 
block.  Dr.  Dewey's  residence,  and  several  other 
fine  buildings.  Since  1879,  has  lived  in  Minne- 
apolis. He  married  Jerusha  Hamilton  in  1877. 
They  have  one  child,  Winnie. 

J.  II.  Strothman,  a  native  of  Wisconsin,  was 
born  August  18th,  1845.  at  Milwaukee.  Attended 
school  there,  and  served  an  apprenticeship  as 
machinist  in  the  Bayfield  Iron  Works.  In  1869, 
came  here,  and  was  at  the  North  Star  Iron  Works 
until  1872;  since  that  time  he  has  been  in  the  em- 
ploy of  O.  A.  Pray  and  Company  as  foreman. 
Was  married  m  March,  1872.  Of  their  four  chil- 
dren, Morris  only,  survives;  Nellie,  Jemiie  and 
an  infant  liave  passed  away. 

Daniel  Sullivan,  a  native  of  Maine,  was  born 
in  1847.  He  came  to  Minnesota  in  1878,  and  lo- 
cated at  Minneapolis.  His  place  of  business  is 
No.  13,  First  street  north. 

Elmer  H.  Sumner,  bom  at  Bangor,  Maine, 
January  3d,  1853.  Came  to  this  city  in  1877  and 
engaged  in  lumbering  during  the  winter  months. 
Kept  a  restaurant  two  years  on  Nicollet  Avenue, 
and  since  August  1880.  has  been  in  the  same  busi- 
ness at  No.  1,  First  street  north;  his  wife  has  the 
management  of  the  restaurant  in  his  absence. 
Mr.  Sumner  married  Mary  Fay  in  1872.  They 
have  one  son,  Eugene. 

Byron  Sutherland,  born  July  15th,  1846,  in 
Westfield,  New  York.  Moved  to  Pennsylvania 
and  enlisted  in  1862;  he  was  wounded  at  Spott- 
sylvania  in  1864,  and  the  next  year  was  transfer- 
red to  the  veteran  reserve  corps  on  account  of 
41 


disability;  in  July  1865,  he  was  honorably  dis- 
charged. He  attended  school  in  Pennsylvania 
until  1870,  and  then  read  law  at  Jamestown, 
New  York.  In  tlie  fall  of  1872,  taught  in  Penn- 
sylvania, and  the  same  year  was  elected  superin- 
tendent of  schools  in  Warren  county;  he  contin- 
ued reading  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1875;  the  next  year,  removed  to  Minneapolis;  his 
oflSce  is  at  201  Nicollet  Avenue.  He  married  in 
1877,  Sarah  Brown;  she  has  borne  him  one  son, 
Renne. 

George  Sverdrup  was  born  in  the  western  part 
of  Norway.  December  16th,  1848.  He  attended 
school  at  Christiana  from  1862  to  1865,  when  he 
entered  the  University  in  the  city  of  Christiana. 
During  1870,  he  traveled  through  Italy  and  Ger- 
many, and  in  1871,  passed  theological  examina- 
tion at  the  University.  The  year  1873,  he  spent 
in  Paris,  in  the  study  of  the  Semitic  languages, 
Assyrian  antiquities  and  other  sciences  con- 
nected with  the  study  of  the  old  testament.  In 
1874,  he  received  a  call  from  this  conference  since 
which  time  he  has  been  closely  identified  with 
the  history  of  Augsburg  Seminary. 

W.  D.  Sutton,  a  native  of  Louisville,  Kentucky, 
was  born  in  1837.  Enlisted  in  1861  and  served 
three  years.  In  1864  he  went  to  Chicago  and  fol- 
lowed his  business  of  contracting  and  building 
for  seven  years,  tlien  after  a  short  residence  at  St. 
Louis  removed  to  Memphis,  and  three  years  later 
to  Iowa.  In  1875  went  to  AV^right  county,  Min- 
nesota, and  bougiit  the  farm  he  still  owns.  In 
October,  18S0,  he  came  here  to  work  at  his  trade. 
His  marriage  with  ilartha  Lawson  occurred  in 
in  1865.    They  have  one  child,  Minnehaha. 

N.  P.  Svvaiiberg,  a  native  of  Sweden,  was  horn 
in  1838.  Emigrated  to  America  in  1869,  and  lo- 
cated at  Hastings,  Minnesota,  and  engaged  in 
carriage  making.  In  1870,  removed  to  this  city 
and  after  working  about  three  years  for  different 
parties  established  the  Minneapolis  carriage  works 
at  605  Third  street  south. 

Peter  P.  Swensen,  born  in  Sweden,  February 
10th,  1844.  When  ten  years  of  age  came  to 
America  with  his  parents  and  lived  on  a  farm  in 
Minnesota  until  1861,  when  he  enlisted,  but  was 
rejected  because  of  being  under  age ;  he  then 
went  to  Dubuque,  Iowa,  enlisted  in  the  regular 
army  and  served  three  years.  He  then  went  to 
Tennessee  and  engaged  in  the  grocery  business ; 


642 


HTSTORY  OF  HEXXEPIK  COUXTY. 


afterward  removed  to  Cincinnati,  where  lie  owned 
an  interest  in  aplaning  mill.  In  1869,  afteratwo 
years  residenre  in  St.  Louis,  came  here ;  his  prin- 
cipal occupation  since  has  been  salesman.  In 
1871  he  married  Annie  Johnson.  Tlieii' children 
are:   Charles.  Harry  and  Bertha. 

O.  T.  Swett.  born  at  Limerick.  Maine.  Septem- 
ber 27th.  1?32.  For  a  time  was  emi)loyed  as 
salesman  by  a  grocery  firm  at  Cambridge,  Massa- 
chusetts. In  the  spring  of  1S56  he  came  to  St. 
Anthony  and  engaged  with  Hayes  and  Stimson 
in  their  meat  market ;  the  next  year  he  made  two 
trips  to  Galena.  Illinois,  to  purchase  groceries  and 
provisions,  but  met  with  an  accident  which  disa- 
bled him  for  nearly  one  year.  In  1857.  after  the 
fire  on  Iilain  street,  he,  E.  Hayes,  and  Charles 
Straw  started  a  general  store,  having  purchased 
the  remainder  of  a  stock  of  dry  goods  and  gro- 
ceries from  Carpenter  and  Andrews,  who  suffered 
from  the  fire.  Mr.  Swett  has  been  alone  in  the 
liusiness  since  lf-62;  in  1877  he  disposed  of  the 
groceries  and  has  since  handled  dry  goods,  no- 
tions and  gents'  furnishing  goods.  He  was  alder- 
man from  1859  till  1861.  Married  in  1858.  Sarah 
Hayes,  who  has  borne  him  two  children:  Ella 
and  Arthur.  Mr.  Swett  has  been  in  the  dry 
goods  business  continuously  in  this  city  longer 
than  any  individual  or  firm. 

Joseph  Swick  was  born  ^larch  5th,  1825,  in 
Germany.  AVas  educated  in  his  native  countrj-, 
came  to  America  in  1851,  and  located  in  New 
York:  removed  to  Connecticut  and  worked  at  his 
trade  of  cabinet-making.  In  1855  he  came  to  St. 
Anthony  and  worked  in  L.  Johnson's  furniture 
manufactory  until  they  sold  to  Barnard  and  Com- 
pany. He  lost  two  fingers  by  a  circular  saw.  but 
as  soon  as  he  was  able  to  work,  went  into  the 
same  shop  and  remained  seventeen  years  with  the 
latter  firm.  From  1857  to  1861.  his  wages  were 
one  dollar  per  day,  and  during  that  time  he  did 
not  receive  a  dollar  in  money,  being  paid  with 
orders  on  stores.  Since  leaving  that  business  he 
has  been  farming.  He  married  Christiana  Frost, 
in  1851.  Their  children  are  Joseph,  Annie,  Will- 
iam, Sarah  and  Charles.  Three  are  married  and 
all  live  near  the  old  homestead. 

E.  T.  Sykes,  a  native  of  I'.xbridge.  Massachu- 
setts, was  born  October  12th,  1850,  When  a  child 
he  moved  to  Melville,  and  there  received  his  edu- 
cation.   He  was  in  business  eight  years  at  Walt- 


ham,  then  in  1879.  came  to  this  city  and  engaged 
in  plumbing  and  gas  fitting.  At  first  he  required 
the  services  of  only  three  men,  but  his  business 
has  grown  to  such  proportions  that  he  now  em- 
ploys twenty-five.  The  firm  name  is  Sykes  and 
Andrews;  Xo.  256  Hennepin  Avenue. 


CHAPTER  LXXXIIl. 

BIOGR.VrniCAL,   T,   r    .\XD   V. 

J.  W.  Tamm  was  boni  at  Logansport,  Indiana, 
in  1848.  Learned  milling  at  ^Maumee  City.  Ohio. 
In  1872  he  became  a  resident  of  Minneapolis  and 
engaged  in  the  Arctic  mill;  he  had  charge  of  that 
mill  for  six  years.  X'ext  he  was  employed  in  the 
Pliwuix.  and  has  superintended  it  since.  He 
was  married  iu  1875  to  Miss  Alice  Isenberger  of 
Logansport. 

Melvin  C.  Tate  was  bom  at  Peekskill,  New 
York,  February  1st.  1851.  Went  to  Duluth.  Min- 
nesota, in  1871;  remained  three  yeare  working  in 
a  general  merchandise  store,  also  a  short  time  in 
a  hotel.  In  1874  he  came  to  St.  Paul,  the  next 
year  locating  in  Minneapolis.  In  October,  1880, 
in  company  with  Mr.  Boardman,  he  opened  a  res- 
taurant at  214  Xicollet  Avenue.  He  was  married 
in  1875  to  Theresa  Windolph.  who  has  borne 
him  three  children.     Laura  is  the  only  one  li\ing. 

A.  B.  Taylor,  a  resident  of  Minneapolis,  came 
from  Xew  York  four  yeai's  since.  Is  a  wholesale 
dealer  in  grain,  and  is  the  first  and  only  man  here 
who  makes  a  specialty  of  wholesale  dealing. 
Previous  to  starting  in  business  in  1879  he  bought 
wheat  for  the  Millers'  Association.  Office  over 
Security  Bank. 

B.  L.  Taylor.  D.  D.  S.,  214  Xicollet  Avenue, 
was  born  at  Westchester,  Pennsylvania,  in  1832, 
Received  the  principal  part  of  his  education  in 
his  native  place.  He  came  to  Chicago  in  1856, 
and  two  yeare  later  to  Minneapolis.  He  grad- 
uated fron  the  Pennsylvania  Dental  College  at 
Pliiladelphia  in  1869,  and  has  since  been  in  den- 
tal practice  in  this  city.  He  was  married  in  1866 
to  Harriet  Hurlbut,  of  Little  Falls.  Xew  York. 


BIOGBArniCAL. 


643 


Alice  and  Henry   are  their  cliildren.    Besidence 
620  Fifth  street  south. 

F.  C.  Taylor  was  bom  in  Lewis  county,  New 
York,  October  12th,  1846.  There  he  received  his 
early  education  and  training.  He  located  in  Min- 
neapolis, December,  1871,  and  was  employed  as 
clerk  in  a  grocery  store  until  1876,  when  he 
started  in  the  same  line  for  himself  and  has 
since  been  doing  a  prosperous  business.  He  was 
married  in  1870  to  Mary  IIinton,of  Lewis  county. 
New  York,  ^hey  have  two  children,  Charlotte 
A.  and  Frank  G. 

C.  E.  Tenant  was  born  at  Lisbon,  Lawrence 
county.  New  York,  in  1845.  At  the  age  of  nine 
years,  he  accompanied  his  parents  to  Wisconsin. 
He  resided  in  that  state  until  1878,  removing  in 
the  spring  of  that  year  to  Red  Wing,  Minnesota. 
He  remained  one  summer,  then  remoj-ed  to  Still- 
water, where  he  resided  until  his  coming  to  Min- 
neapolis in  1880.  He  joined  the  Henntp'n  County 
Barrel  Company  the  same  year.  In  1833,  he  en- 
listed in  the  Thirty-second  Wisconsin,  under  Col. 
De  Great,  and  served  mitil  the  close  of  the  war. 
Resides  at  412  Twelfth  Avenue  south. 

G.  H.  Tennant  was  born  in  St.  Lawrence  coun- 
ty. New  York,  1847.  Came  to  Minneapolis  in 
1867  and  for  three  years  was  engaged  in  manu- 
facturing shingles,  with  Bassett  one  year  and 
with  Morrison  Brothers  two  years.  He  was  tlien 
in  St.  Louis  one  and  one-half  years  in  the  manu- 
facture of  eave-troughs.  On  retin-ning  he  entered 
into  partnership  with  Witbeck,  Potter  and  Com- 
pany in  a  planing  mill  and  box  factory  and  two 
years  after  added  the  manufacture  of  sash,  doors 
aud  blinds.  In  1875  the  Arm  dissolved.  Mr. 
Eldred  then  became  proprietor  of  the  planing 
mill,  which  ilr.  Tennant  superintended  for  him 
two  years.  In  1875,  in  company  with  Mr.  Rus- 
sell, built  the  East  Side  planing  mill.  He  was 
married  to  Elizabeth  Blackney,  in  1870.  Their 
children  are:  William  S.  and  Grace. 

Johannes  Temstedt  was  born  in  Westmand- 
land,  Sweden,  June  22d,  1847.  After  finishing 
his  theolorical  studies  at  the  Lyceum,  at  Stock- 
holm, he  came  to  America  in  August,  1875.  Af- 
ter remaining  in  New  York  until  the  following 
summer,  he  was  ordained  at  Jamestown,  New 
York,  on  the  2oth  of  June,  1876.  Thence  com- 
ing west  to  Illinois,  he  presided  over  cliurches  at 
Batavia,  Bethlehem  and  Aurora  for  about  two 


years.  July  20th,  1878,  he  removed  to  Minneap- 
olis, and  has  since  presided  over  Augustana  and 
Bethlehem  churches. 

Andrew  Tharalson  was  born  in  Norway.  Jan- 
uary 9th,  1846.  Here  he  passed  his  youth  and 
acquired  a  knowledge  of  cabinet  making.  He 
emigrated  to  America  in  lS66,settlingat  Cliicago, 
Illinois,  where  he  worked  at  his  trade  imtil  1869. 
He  then  removed  to  Minneapolis,  following  his 
trade  until  1870.  when  he  started  in  the  grocery 
business  whicli  has  been  growing  rapidly.  He 
was  elected  to  the  state  legislature  of  Minnesota, 
in  1878,  and  re-elected  in  1880.  His  marriage 
with  Tirja  Tentz  took  place  in  1868,  in  Norway 
Their  children  are:  Taly,  Emma,  Edward,  Con 
rad  and  Amalie. 

Charles  Tlieilen  is  a  native  of  Prussia,  born 
June  5th,  1812.  Received  his  education  there  and 
served  in  the  Prussian  army  three  years.  In 
1853  he  came  to  America,  locating  in  Indiana, 
thence  to  Chicago,  and  on  to  St.  Anthony  by 
team.  Was  one  of  the  early  pioneers  and  en- 
dured tlie  hardships  of  frontier  life.  In  1859  he 
purchased  tlie  lot  where  he  now  lives,  and  erected 
a  stone  house  which  has  since  been  his  home. 
He  worked  in  saw  mills  for  five  years,  after 
which  he  engaged  in  mercantile  business,  contin- 
uing until  1878.  He  then  sold  to  his  son,  retiring 
from  active  business  life.  Was  married  in  Prus- 
sia, 1837,  to  Miss  Mary  G.  Schildgen,  who  bore 
him  eight  children,  four  of  whom  are  living  : 
Nicholas,  Anna  M.,  John  and  Annie.  Mr.  Thei- 
len  was  a  member  of  the  city  council  in  1874-"75. 

Louis  Theobald  is  a  native  of  Germany,  born 
in  1831.  Came  to  the  United  Stated  in  1851,  re- 
maining in  New  York  nine  months ;  thence  to 
St.  Louis  where  he  resided  about  four  years.  In 
1856  he  removed  to  New  Ulm.  Minnesota,  being 
in  the  mercantile  business  twenty  years;  was  also 
engaged  in  a  grist  and  saw  mill.  Located  in 
Minneapolis  in  1874,  and  opened  asaloon  in  1880, 
known  as  the  Teutonia  Hall.  He  was  united  in 
marriage  with  Anna  Meyer,  in  1855.  Sophia, 
Bertha  and  Victor  II.  are  their  children. 

B.  Thibodeau  was  born  in  Aroostook  county, 
Maine,  in  1846.  Here  he  remained  until  1864, 
then  went  to  Bangor  where  he  learned  the  trade 
of  slioemaker,  and  worked  at  it  in  various  places 
throughout  the  country.  He  removed  to  Minne- 
apolis in  1878  and  after  a  short  period  he  resumed 


644 


lIlSTOnV  OF  UESXEFIN  COUXTY. 


his  trade  and  also  made  boot  and  shoe  pacs  for 
a  firm  at  St.  Paul.  In  April,  1880,  he  opened  an 
establishment  of  his  own  for  the  special  purpose 
of  manufacturing  boot  and  shoe  pacs.  ilarried 
in  ISVl  to  Mary  Poirie,  of  Xova  Scotia,  who  has 
borne  him  five  children,  three  living:  John,  Clara 
and  Joseph. 

Anthony  Thomley  was  born  in  Xorway,  1838. 
Came  to  the  United  States  in  1851.  lie  went  to 
AVisconsin,  where  he  remained  six  years,  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  months  passed  in  2ilinnesota. 
In  1862  returned  to  his  native  country,  remaining 
eight  years.  He  then  came  to  the  United  States, 
locating  at  La  Crosse,  Wisconsin,  remaining  also 
a  short  time  at  Eau  Claire.  In  1879  he  became  a 
resident  of  Minneapolis  and  opened  a  saloon  at 
223  Washington  Avenue  south.  He  married 
Mart'  Johnson  of  Eau  Chiire,  in  1S74.  Ira  A., 
and  Amiie  are  their  children. 

E.  P.  Thompson  was  born  at  Lowell,  Massa- 
chusetts, in  1849.  Moved  to  Zumbrota,  Munie- 
sota,  in  1865,  and  in  1869  went  to  St.  Paul  to  learn 
the  jeweler's  trade  and  remabied  until  coming  to 
Minneapolis  in  1872.  He  began  in  that  business 
soon  after  his  arrival  and  has  since  continued, 
having  a  tlu-iving  trade.  Located  at  105  Wash- 
ington Avenue  south.  He  married  Lizzie  C. 
Hall  in  1876.  Lottie  M.  and  Clara  L.  are  their 
children. 

John  Thompson  was  born  in  1832,  and  is  a  na- 
tive of  Canada.  He  moved  to  Milwaukee,  re- 
maining one  and  one-half  years:  thence  to  New 
Lisbon,  Wisconsin,  where  he  remained  four  years. 
In  1873  he  located  at  Minneapolis,  and  five  years 
later  joined  the  Co-operative  Barrel  Company, 
and  has  remained  with  them  since.  Is  a  cooper 
and  has  followed  his  trade  twenty-eight  years. 
He  was  united  in  marriage,  in  18-54,  to  Miss 
Maria  Powers.  They  are  parents  of  six  children. 
Ki'sidence,  1407  Fourth  street  south. 

John  Thompson,  a  resident  of  Minneapolis,  is 
a  native  of  Norway,  boni  in  1843.  Learned  the 
trade  of  ship-carpenter  in  his  native  country,  and 
in  1865  came  to  America.  For  seven  years  he 
resided  at  LaCrosse,  Wisconsm,  being  employed 
in  Davidson's  ship-yards,  two  years,  and  was  in 
the  saloon  business  five  years.  He  removed  to 
Minneapolis  in  1872,  and  has  since  been  engaged 
in  the  saloon  business.  He  was  married  to  Miss 
LeLa  Johnson  in  1&74. 


J.  H.  Thompson  was  born  in  York  county, 
Maine,  August  17th,  1834.  Learned  the  tailor's 
trade  at  North  Bridgeton,  after  which  he  re- 
moved to  Augusta,  thence  to  Minneapolis  in  1857. 
He  has  been  continuously  in  business  in  this  city 
since.  He  was  married  in  this  city  to  Mi.ss  Ellen 
M.  Gould  of  Minneapolis,  in  1880.  They  have 
had  three  cliildren:  Mattie  C,  William  G.,  and 
Nellie  H.    Resides  613  Hennepin  Avenue. 

J.  M.  Thompson  was  born  at  Brooklyn,  Min- 
nesota, October  4th,  1859.  He  passed  his  early 
boy-hood  on  a  farm  with  his  parents,  then  en- 
tered the  Minneapolis  Mill,  in  the  employ  of 
Crocker,  Fisk  and  Company.  He  learned  the 
miller's  trade,  and  has  been  engaged  with  the 
firm  since. 

K.  B.  Thompson  was  born  in  Kane  county, 
Illinois,  in  1$49.  He  cams  to  Minneapolis  in  1865, 
and  was  with  CapUvin  Rollins  four  years.  He 
attended  the  University  one  and  one-half  years. 
Through  the  influence  of  Captain  Rollins  he 
he  secured  a  situation  with  H.  J.  Taylor  of  St. 
Paul,  in  the  lumber  business,  and  remained  with 
him  five  years.  He  then  returned  to  this  city 
and  engaged  with  Merriman  and  Company,  which 
firm  still  retains  his  sen'ices.  Married  Miss 
Gussie  Ringer  in  1875.  They  have  one  child: 
Artlnir. 

T.  Thompson  is  a  native  of  Norway,  bom  in 
1853.  Came  to  the  United  States  in  1866,  lo- 
cating at  Empire,  Minnesota,  remaining  three 
years;  thence  to  Mmneapolis.  Three  yeare  later 
he  went  to  Chicago,  and  the  next  year  returned 
to  his  native  country.  In  1878  he  again  became 
a  resident  of  Minneapolis  dealing  in  flour  and 
feed  at  926  First  Avenue  south.  His  wife  was 
Annie  M.  Oleson,  wliom  he  married  in  ISSO. 

Isaiah  Tidd  was  born  March  14th,  1827,  at 
Passadumkeag,  Penobscot  county,  ilaine.  En- 
gaged in  lumbering  there  until  1851;  lie  then 
came  to  St.  Anthony,  and  in  the  fall  of  1852  went 
up  the  Rum  river  exploring  for  Blaisdell  and 
Jackins.  He  was  lumbering  for  them  three 
years,  and  was  with  a  brother  in  business  seven 
years.  He  joined  the  North  Star  BaiTel  Company 
in  1879.  and  in  1880  bought  into  the  East  Side 
Co-operative  Company  as  a  cooper.  He  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Hannah  Fleatliam,  a 
native  of  New  York.  August  13th,  1854.  This 
was  the  first  marriage  in  Minneapolis  township. 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


64) 


Tliey  have  two  childien:  Etta  JNIaj'  and  William 
R. 

J.  B.  Tinkelpaugli  is  a  native  of  Luzerne  coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania,  bom  in  1827.  His  early  years 
were  passed  in  meclianical  pursuits,  in  the  states 
of  New  York  and  Indiana.  He  came  to  Minne- 
apolis in  1857,  and  as  a  mechanic  was  engaged  in 
the  erection  of  some  of  the  first  buildings  in  this 
city  and  Anoka.  In  1863,  removed  to  Mich- 
igan, and  three  years  later  went  to  Bates  county, 
Missouri,  where  he  resided  eight  years.  In 
1877,  returned  to  this  city,  and  has  since  been 
manufacturing  confectionery  in  East  Minneapolis. 

Felix  Tissot  was  bom  December  21st,  1834,  in 
Lyons,  France,  in  which  city  he  was  partially  ed- 
ucated. In  1854,  he  came  to  America,  and  after 
a  brief  visit  to  St.  Anthony,  repaired  to  the  Bar- 
rens, St.  Mary's  College  Mission,  where  he  com- 
pleted his  theological  education,  and  on  the 
fifteenth  of  August,  1858,  was  ordained  at  Du- 
buque, Iowa,  after  which  he  was  stationed  at 
Wabasha  in  charge  of  all  the  parishes  in  Waba- 
sha and  Goodhue  counties  until  his  removal  to 
Minneapolis  in  1866. 

E.  M.  Titterud  was  bom  in  Norway,  January 
17th,  1833.  Ijearned  the  shoemaker's  trade  in 
his  native  country,  and  in  1866.  came  to  the 
United  States.  Settled  in  Minneapolis,  and  after 
being  a  journeyman  for  Dillingham  and  Veazie  a 
short  time,  he  started  a  shop  of  his  own  in  which 
he  still  continues  at  1110  Washington  Avenue 
south.  He  was  married  in  1866  to  Miss  O.  B. 
Berg,  a  native  of  Norway.  They  have  had  eight 
children,  five  now  living. 

O.  II.  Titus  was  born  in  Onondaga  county, 
New  York,  Febi-uaiy  10th,  1849.  He  came  to 
Afton,  Minnesota,  in  1865  and  remained  one  year 
and  returned  to  New  York.  In  April  1871 ,  came  to 
Minneapolis,  and  was  with  the  Pillsburys  eight 
months;  then  was  with  G.  II.  Christian  in  the 
Washliurn  B  mill  one  year;  tlience  to  Chicago 
where  he  ran  the  State  mill  one  year.  Was  also 
engaged  in  milling  in  otlier  places  and  returned 
to  this  city  in  1878.  He  was  employed  in  the 
Zenith  mill  three  months,  then  entered  tlie  Pettit 
mill  where  he  has  since  remained  as  stone-dresser. 
He  maried  Emma  Lamson,  November  17tli, 
1872.     Albert  II.  and  Carrie,  are  the  children. 

Julius  C.  Todd  was  born  in  Alaliama.  Sep- 
tember 30tli,  1847.     He  is  of  African  descent 


and  was  a  slave  in  the  south  until  released  by 
President  Abraham  Lincoln's  proclamation.  In 
1864  he  came  north  to  Minneapolis,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  He  is  now  doing  a  prosperous 
business  as  an  expressman. 

R.  C.  Todd  was  born  at  Wilkesbarre,  Pennsyl- 
vania, December  24th,  1818.  He  became  familiar 
with  the  mason's  trade  at  Newark,  New  Jersey, 
in  1833,  and  commenced  business  as  a  contractor 
in  1847,  which  he  still  follows.  Was  a  resident 
of  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  seven  years,  removing 
to  Madison;  thence  to  Red  Wing,  Minnesota. 
Located  at  Minneapolis  in  1870,  and  has  superin- 
tended the  erection  of  nearly  all  the  principal 
buildings  in  the  city  which  have  been  erected 
since  his  coming.  Some  of  them  are:  Harden- 
bergli  mill.  First  Natiojial  Bank,  Warner's  block, 
Harrison's  block  and  others.  He  was  united  in 
marriage  in  1841,  to  Miss  Maiy  J.  Agens,  of 
Plainfield  New  Jersey. 

A.  Tollefson  is  a  native  of  Norway,  born  Feb- 
ruary 3d,  1837.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  learned 
carpentering,  and  has  followed  it  since.  He  came 
to  America  in  1861,  locating  at  Lansing,  Iowa. 
He  built  thirteen  churches  at  and  near  that  town. 
In  partnership  with  his  brother,  dealt  in  lumber 
in  connection  with  his  trade,  from  187-2  until  1878. 
He  removed  to  Minneapolis  in  1878,  and  has  since 
been  doing  a  fine  Ijusiness  as  contractor  and 
builder.  Married  Miss  B.  Knutson,  of  Norway, 
in  1860,  who  has  borne  him  three  sons  and  three 
daughters.  Residence,  900  Fourteenth  Avenue 
south. 

L.  Toscany,  proprietor  of  the  Quebec  House, 
is  a  native  of  France,  born  in  1842,  and  came  to 
the  United  States  at  two  years  of  age.  In  1874, 
removed  to  Minneapolis  from  Bay  City.  Michi- 
gan, where  he  liad  resided  fifteen  years  in  the  ho- 
tel business.  He  has  been  proprietor  of  the 
Quebec  House  since  May  15th,  1880.  It  is  lo- 
cated at  228  First  street  north. 

L.  M.  Towne  was  born  in  Kent  county  Michi- 
gan, July  17th,  1857.  Became  a  resident  of  La 
Crosse  in  1865  w'here  he  remained  until  coming  to 
JMiuueaiiolis  in  1S74.  Worked  for  the  North- 
western Telegraph  Companv  until  December, 
1879,  when  he  bouglit  stock  in  tlie  Telephone 
Company,  and  was  first  treasiu-er,  wliich  position 
he  held  till  tlie  election  of  Mr.  C.  II.  Prior.  Mr. 
Towne  is  at  present,  auditor  of  the  company. 


646 


lUSTOBY  OF  EEKKEPIK  COVA'TY. 


Giistaf  Edward  Tornovist  was  bom  in  \Vester- 
gotland.  Sweden,  Xovember  27tli,  1850.  Attend- 
ed the  Lyceum  at  Stockholm,  where  he  studied 
theology.  Came  to  America  in  August,  1877, 
and  went  to  California  as  a  missionary  to  the 
Scandinavians.  In  1870  returned  to  Chicago,  was 
ordained  and  went  back  to  San  Francisco,  where 
he  remained  until  August,  1880.  He  then  re- 
ceived a  call  from  the  congregation  at  Minneapo- 
lis, and  at  once  took  cliarge. 

F.  E.  Towers,  31.  D.,  was  bom  at  Richmond, 
Vermont,  March  6th.  18-51.  He  was  educated  at 
Barre,  Vermont,  graduating  from  the  Goddard 
University  at  that  place  in  1872.  He  studied 
medicine  at  Burlington  '\'eterinary  Medical  Col- 
lege and  graduated  from  the  State  University  of 
Xew  York  with  the  degree  of  medical  doctor. 
After  graduating  he  studied  one  year  with  Pro- 
fessor A.  D.  Loomis,  M.  D.,  taking  a  special 
course  in  physical  diagnosis.  He  practiced  in 
Corry,  Pennsylvania,  four  and  one-half,  years, 
coming  to  ilinntapolis  in  May,  1880,  where  he 
has  since  practiced.  Located  1119  Washington 
Avenue  north. 

S.  I.  Towers  was  born  at  Richmond.  Vermont, 
September  11th,  1853.  After  receiving  a  liberal 
education  in  his  native  town  he  went  to  Xew 
York  city  in  1874,  where  he  worked  one  year.  He 
then  went  to  Xew  Jersey,  being  engaged  in  the 
drug  business.  In  1877  he  went  to  Xew  Orleans 
and  after  a  short  stay  retumed  to  his  old  home, 
remaining  imtil  1880.  He  located  in  Minneapo- 
lis iu  June  of  the  same  year  and  started  m  the 
boot  and  shoe  trade,  at  1119  'Washington  Avenue 
south. 

O.  V.  Tousley,  superintendent  of  public  schools 
in  Minneapolis,  was  born  at  Clarendon,  Orleans 
county,  Xew  York,  March  11th,  1834.  He  was 
educated  at  the  common  school,  Albion  Academy, 
two  years  at  Oberlin.  Ohio,  and  at  Williams  Col- 
lege where  he  graduated  in  1854.  'While  in  col- 
lege he  studied  law,  and  after  graduation  went  to 
Albany.  Xew  York,  into  the  office  of  Hill.  Cag- 
ger  and  Porter.  Soon  after  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  and  spent  some  time  reading  law,  history,  and 
in  general  study  in  the  state  library.  The  next 
three  years  he  spent  settling  up  the  estate  of 
his  father  who  had  died  a  number  of  years  before. 
His  mother  died  when  he  was  thirteen  years  of  age. 
In  1857,  he  came  west,  stopping  for  a  time  in  Illi-  1 


nois  and  Iowa.  He  invested  his  patrimony  in 
such  chamiels  as  to  turn  his  attention  from  law  to 
teaching,  and  went  to  Tennessee  where  he  taught 
t\vo  years.  When  war  was  breaking  out  he  came 
to  Indiana,  and  at  Xew  Albany  taught  in  Tous- 
ley "s  Academy  for  ten  years.  In  1869  he  came 
to  Minneapolis  and  entered  the  office  of  Judge 
Atwater,  remaining  about  six  months  when  he 
was  called  to  take  charge  of  the  high  school,  and 
in  1871,  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the  city 
schools  to  take  the  place  of  Professor  Hiskey, 
deceased.  Since  that  time  he  has  continued  to 
raise  the  standard  of  the  schools,  until  now 
Minneapolis  has  one  of  the  finest  systems  of 
schools  in  the  United  States.  Professor  Tousley 
was  married  in  1858  to  Miss  Susan  S.  Toll. 

G.  B.  Townsend  was  bom  at  Jay,  Maine,  May 
2d,  1845.  He  lived  with  his  parents  on  the  farm 
until  sixteen,  then  went  to  Massachusetts  and 
worked  one  season  on  a  farm  and  retumed. 
In  1864,  enlisted  in  the  Thirty-first  Maine.  Re- 
ceived his  discharge  at  the  end  of  eighteen 
months,  having  participated  in  many  of  the  hard- 
est fought  battles  of  the  war.  He  returned  home, 
and  the  next  year  went  to  Portland,  Maine,  and 
attended  the  Bryant  and  Stratton  Business  Col- 
lege. In  1877,  located  at  Minneapolis,  engaging 
in  different  occupations  for  one  year,  then  was 
employed  by  C.  A.  Pillsburj.  His  position  at 
the  Excelsior  mill  is  that  of  shipping  clerk  and 
salesman. 

C.  W.  Tracy  was  born  in  Windsor  coimty,  Ver- 
mont, in  June,  1847.  Remained  there  mitil  the 
age  of  fifteen,  then  went  to  Xew  York  city  and 
engaged  iu  the  produce,  commission  and  whole- 
sale grocery  business  for  four  years.  He  then 
removed  to  Green  Bay.  Wisconsin,  and  remained 
in  grain  speculations  until  coming  to  Minneapo- 
lis in  1876.  In  the  fall  of  that  year  entered  the 
Millere"  Association.  In  January.  1880.  took 
charge  of  "Elevator  A""  for  the  Minneapolis  Ele- 
vator Company,  and  has  since  held  the  position 
of  superintendent.  He  was  married  in  May, 
1871,  to  Miss  Mary  E.  Durkee  of  Vermont. 
Their  children  are  Martha,  Sherman  and  Min- 
nie Lee. 

August  Traeger  is  a  native  of  Prussia,  bom 
August  4th,  1821.  Came  to  the  United  States  in 
1852,  and  worked  at  tin-smithing  in  Ohio  three 
years;  then  removed  to  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana, 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


647 


thence  to  Decatur,  wliere  he  attended  to  hard- 
ware business  until  coming  to  Minneapolis  in 
1866.  He  began  the  manufacture  of  eaves- 
troughs;  also  sold  lightning-rods  tliroughout 
the  country.  Since  1879  has  been  proprietor  of 
a  billiard  hall  and  sample  room.  lie  was  mar- 
to  Mary  Briske.  Their  children  are  Emma  A., 
Maria  L.,  August  C,  Tlieresa  J.,  Wilhelm  F., 
Bertha  C.  Louise  P.,  Charles  J.  and  Adolph  G. 

James  A.  Tyler  was  born  at  Maehias.  Maine, 
in  1851.  Came  to  Minneapolis  in  the  sjiring  of 
1872,  and  learned  the  carpenter's  trade;  has  since 
continued  in  that  business.  He  married  Miss 
Ella  L.  Wilkins,  of  Middletown,  Massachusetts, 
in  1879.  Residence,  216  Twentieth  street  north. 
H.  M.  Leighton,  his  partner,  is  also  a  native  of 
Maine.  Tliey  are  doing  an  extensive  business 
as  contractors  and  builders.  Office  and  shop  lo- 
cated on  Fifth  street  between  Sixth  and  Seventh 
Avenues  south. 

T.  S.  Tyler  was  born  in  1837  in  New  York 
city.  In  early  life  he  moved  with  his  parents  to 
Michigan.  He  has  traveled  through  many  of  the 
states  engaged  in  the  coopering  business.  In 
1876, removed  to  Minneapolis,  and  has  lived  liere 
since  that  time.  He  is  one  of  the  directors  of  the 
Co-operative  Barrel  Manufacturing  Company. 

A.  Ueland,  attorney,  a  native  of  Norway, 
was  born  February  21st,  1853.  He  attended 
school  in  his  native  country,  came  to  America, 
June  187 1  .and  attended  a  course  at  Barnard's  Busi- 
ness college.  Located  at  Miimeapolis  and  read  law 
with  Judge  II.  Reynolds;  was  admitted  totlie  bar 
in  May  1877.  He  was  married  in  this  city  to  Miss 
Anna  Ohlhouse  in  1879.  Their  union  was  brief; 
she  died  in  March  1H80.  O.  G.  Ueland,  his  father, 
was  a  member  of  tlie  Norwegian  Failianient  from 
1833  till  the  time  of  liis  death,  in  1870. 

John  Unsgaard  is  a  native  of  Norway,  born 
January  14lh,  1841.  On  arriving  in  the  United 
States,  located  in  Michigan,  and  dealt  in  lumber; 
thence  to  Minnesota  and  worked  on  a  farm  two 
years  in  Goodhue  county.  He  became  a  resident 
of  Minneapolis  in  1870,  and  for  three  years  was 
in  the  employ  of  L.  Day  and  Sons  in  h:mbering, 
then  for  four  years  worked  for  different  boot  and 
shoe  firms.  March  20th,  1878.  he  opi-'ued  the  St. 
Ji;mes  restaurant  at  122  Washington  Avenue 
soutli.  He  married  Aniia  Ilegstad  in  1873,  who 
bore  him  one  child,  William. 


Charles  H.  Upton,  of  the  firm  of  Lockwood, 
Upton  and  Company,  was  born  in  Maine,  June, 
1830.  He  learned  the  trade  of  machinist  with 
P.  Muzzy  at  Bangor,  Maine.  He  worked  one 
year  in  Boston,  and  came  to  Minneapolis  in  the 
spring  of  1858.  A  shop  was  opened  under  the 
firm  name  of  Scott  and  Morgan,  which  was 
burned  in  1862.  Went  to  Montana  and  remained 
two  years,  returning  to  tliis  city  at  that  time.  He 
was  foreman  of  the  St.  Anthony  Iron  Works  un- 
til 1879,  after  wliich  he  became  a  member  of  the 
jnesent  flrm.  He  was  married  iii  1857  to  Maria 
Fenton.  Their  children  are:  Horace  C,  Harvey 
L.,  Robert,  George  and  Mabel. 

Franklin  il.  Upham  was  born  at  Chelmsford, 
Massachusetts,  in  1846.  Received  his  education 
at  Lowell  commercial  scliool.  In  1866,  went 
to  Arlighton,  and  engaged  in  the  wholesale  meat 
and  provision  business;  he  remained  about  eleven 
years,  having  a  verv  successful  trade.  He  came 
to  Minneapolis  in  1878  and  purchased  a  building 
site  on  the  east  side  near  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
and  St.  Paul  Short  Line  railway.  He  returned 
to  his  native  state  and  disposed  of  his  property 
there;  on  returning,  he  formed  the  company  of 
Upham,  Wyman  and  Company,  who  built  a  large 
refining  house,  and  are  now  doing  an  extensive 
business.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  his  sole 
property  consisted  of  one  horse  and  wagon.  His 
business  now  amounts  to  §150,000  annually.  Was 
married  to  Miss  Mary  Lawrence,  in  1874.  They 
have  two  children.  Laura  and  Mary. 

R.  P.  Upton  was  born  at  Uixmont,  Penobscot 
county,  Maine.  December  9tli.  1820.  Came  to  St. 
Antho]iy  in  June,  1850.  and  started  a  nursery 
and  iioultry-yard  on  Nicollet  Island  in  tlie  spring 
of  1851;  the  summer  following  lie  opened  a  gro- 
cery on  Main  street.  He  conducted  tlie  mn-.sery 
two  years,  and  in  1853  added  to  his  grocery  a 
general  variety.  The  next  year  he  went  into 
partnersliip  with  Rollins  and  Eastman  in  a  flour- 
ing mill,  under  tlie  firm  name  of  Roll  ns,  Upton 
and  Eastman.  After  three  year's  existence  the 
flrm  changed;  Upton  and  Brotlier  owned  one- 
half  interest  in  the  mill.  In  1858,  removed  to 
Kingston,  Meeker  county,  anil  ran  a  mill  four 
years.  During  the  Indian  outl)ieak  lie  built  a 
stockade  around  his  mill,  and  continu'd  to  run  it. 
In  1862  he  returned  to  Minneapolis,  and  tlie  next 
year  took  a  trip  to  Nevada,  remaining  live  years. 


648 


HISTORY  OF  IIENhEPlN  COUNTY. 


tlien  returned  to  this  city.  He  was  agent  for  the 
Millers'  Association  one  year,  in  the  employ  of 
the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  six  months,  then 
started  the  Jliniieapolis  Spice  Mills  in  company 
with  T.  Kay.  In  1872  sold  out  to  jSIr.  Ray  and 
opened  another  called  the  Eureka  Mills,  and  in 
1880  moved  the  works  to  the  Island.  Mr.  Upton 
is  one  of  the  early  pioneers. 

Horatio  Phillips  Van  Cleve,  adjutant  general  of 
Minnesota,  was  born  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey, 
November2od,  1809.  His  paternal  ancestors  were 
from  Holland,  while  the  maternal  were  from  Great 
Britain.  He  was  a  student  at  Princeton  College, 
and  left  that  institution  to  accept  a  cadetship  at 
West  Point,  from  which  school  he  graduated  in 
1831,  receiving  a  commission  as  second  lieutenant 
in  the  Fifth  United  States  Infantry,  July  1st  of 
that  year.  In  September,  1886,  he  resigned  his 
commission  and  removed  to  Michigan,  where  he 
engaged  in  the  more  peaceable  pursuit  of  civil 
engineering,  farming,  etc.  In  1856  he  located  at 
Long  Prairie,  Minnesota,  and  turned  his  atten- 
tion to  stock  raising.  At  the  breaking  out  of 
the  rebellion  he  tendered  his  services  to  his 
country.  The  governor  of  Minnesota  gave  him  the 
command  of  the  Second  Minnesota  regiment, 
in  July  1861,  which  he  conducted  bravely  through 
all  the  conflicts  in  which  they  engaged  until 
March,  1862,  when  he  was  promoted  brigadier 
general.  While  commanding  his  division  at  the 
battle  of  Stone  River,  December  1st,  1862,  he  was 
disabled  by  a  wound  and  compelled  to  retire  from 
the  field.  Upon  his  recovery  he  resumed  the 
command  of  his  di\ision.  He  was  mustered  out 
in  August,  1865,  after  four  years  of  active  and  ef- 
ficient service.  On  March  13th  of  the  latter  year 
he  was  commissioned  major  general  for  "gallant 
and  meritorious  service  during  the  war."  He 
returned  to  Minnesota,  where  he  was  appointed 
adjutant  general  in  January,  1866.  He  was 
commissioned  postmaster  at  St.  Anthony,  March 
3d,  1871,  in  which  capacity  he  served  until 
1872,  when  St.  Anthony  being  united  to  the  city 
of  Minneapolis,  that  office  was  discontinued.  He 
was  re-appointed  adjutant  general  in  1876,  which 
position  he  still  holds.  On  the  field  of  battle  Mr. 
Van  Cleve  was  a  thorough  soldier  and  as  a  civil 
officer,  is  conscientious  and  faithful  in  the  dis- 
charge of  every  duty.  He  was  married  JMarch  22d, 
1836,  to  Miss  Charlotte  Clark,  daughter  of  Major 


Nathan  Clark,  of  the  United  States  army.  Their 
union  has  been  blessed  viith  twelve  children,  seven 
of  whom  are  living.  Elizabeth  A.,  who  married 
H.  V.  Hall  and  resides  at  Honolulu ;  Horatio 
Seymour,  who  married  Miss  Harriet  Hemiup ; 
Mortimer,  who  married  Miss  Sarah  Adams  of 
Providence;  Samuel  Houston,  Paul  Ledyard,  who 
married  Miss  Alice  Davis  of  Minneapolis  ;  John 
Risley  and  Carl  Ernest.  Mrs.  Van  Cleve  is  a 
lady  of  refinement  and  great  force  of  character. 
She  was  one  of  the  original  founders  of  the  -'Sis- 
terhood of  Bethany."  Since  its  formation  she 
has  held  the  position  of  president,  and  through 
her  activity  and  zeal  has  enlisted  the  active  sym- 
pathy of  a  large  community.  She  is  one  who  is 
heartily  in  sympathy  with  every  undertaking 
which  tends  to  enlighten  and  elevate  society. 

Charlotte  Ouisconsin  Van  Cleve  is  the  daughter 
of  Nathan  Clark,  of  Houston,  Massachusetts, 
and  Charlotte  A.  Clark,  of  Hartford,  Connecti- 
cut. Her  father  was  major  of  the  Fifth  Regiment 
of  United  States  Infantry.  Early  in  the  spring 
of  1819  his  regiment  was  ordered  from  near  Buf- 
falo, New  York,  to  Fort  Crawford  (Prairie  du- 
Chien),  at  that  time  far  beyond  the  limits  of  civi- 
lization, and  "almost  out  of  the  world."  Mrs. 
Clark,  though  in  delicate  health,  with  her  little 
son.  accompanied  him  through  the  trackless  and 
unknown  country,  the  journey  being  made  in 
government  wagons,  and  the  time  consumed  in 
tiaveling  from  Buffalo  to  Fort  Crawford,  covering 
two  months.  And  here,  on  the  banks  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, in  the  rude  frontier  fort,  less  than  one 
hour  after  their  arrival,  little  Charlotte,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch,  first  opened  her  eyes  and 
began  the  battle  of  life.  Poor  little  girl,  it  looked 
for  a  time  as  though  the  odds  of  the  battle  were 
all  against  her;  for  what  with  a  mother  too  feeble 
to  afford  her  proper  nourishment,  and  not  a  cow 
within  possible  reaching  distance  of  them,  she 
was  obliged  to  eke  out  a  precarious  existence  on 
a  kind  of  manufactined  pap,  prepared  from  the 
flour  furnished  by  the  government  for  the  fort, 
but  which  had  been  water-soaked  in  transporta- 
tion, until  the  green  mould  stood  three  inches 
deep  around  the  sides  of  the  barrel.  But  too 
much  work  was  in  waiting  for  those  little  hands, 
and  so,  in  spite  of  privations  and  hardships,  she 
lived  and  prospered. 

After  a  few  weeks  rest  at  Fort  Crawford,  tlie 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


649 


regiment  embarked  on  keel  boats,  and  proceeded 
up  the  Mississippi,  their-  destination  being  the 
present  site  of  Fort  Snelling.  This  part  of  the 
journey  occupied  six  weeks.  As  they  were  the 
pioneers  they  lived  in  their  boats  till  they  could 
build  better  quarters.  Cluirlotte''s  life  continued 
to  be  tliat  of  a  soldier's  child  in  fort  and  camp 
until  her  sixteenth  year,  when  she  lost  her  father, 
Major  Clark  dying  at  fort  Winnebago.  Know- 
ing that  he  must  die,  and  feeling  distressed  at 
the  idea  of  leaving  his  young  and  lielpless  family 
alone,  without  any  natural  protector,  so  far  from 
kindred  or  friends,  he  begged  that  the  engage- 
ment between  his  young  daiigliter,  and  one  of 
his  officers,  might  be  consummated  by  marriage 
immediately  after  his  death.  And  so  Charlotte 
Clark,  not  qidte  sixteen  years  old,  became  the 
wife  of  Horatio  P.  Van  Cleve,  ten  years  her  sen- 
ior. Thus  early  she  took  up  the  heavy  burden 
of  work  and  care  never  to  lay  it  down  till  she 
lies  down  with  it  in  her  grave. 

Since  her  marriage,  her  life  has  been  filled  with 
varied  experiences  of  change  of  home,  long 
journeys,  "always  with  a  baby  in  my  arms,"  she 
says,  hard  work  as  a  frontier  farmer's  wife,  sor- 
row and  joy.  Since  1856  lier  steady  home  has 
been  in  Minnesota.  Twelve  children  have  been 
bom  to  this  hotisehold,  three  of  whom  died  in 
infancy.  The  oldest  son  was  instantly  killed, 
some  eighteen  years  since,  in  California.  The 
shock  of  this  teiTible  bereavement,  added  to 
anxiety  for  her  husband,  tlien  in  the  army,  so 
wrought  upon  nervous  system  as  in  a  few  months 
to  bleach  lier  hair  to  its  present  snowy  whiteness 
and  seriously  impair  her  liearing. 

One  daughter,  the  wife  of  Mortimer  Thomp- 
son (Doesticks),  died  leaving  an  infant  only  a 
few  days  old,  which  her  mother  took  to  her 
breast  with  her  own  child  of  the  same  age,  nurs- 
ing and  rearing  the  two  like  twins.  The  remain- 
ing daughter,  the  wife  of  II.  V.  Hall,  lias  lier 
home  in  the  Sandwicli  Islands.  Six  grown  sons 
are  settled  in  business,  all  living  in  Hennepin 
county. 

While  her  own  children  were  yet  young,  she 
felt  called  upon  to  add  to  her  already  large  family, 
which,  from  the  first  included  a  young  sister  left 
homeless  by  her  father's  death,  the  six  orphan 
children  of  her  brotlier.  all  of  whom  Iiave  grown 
up  in  her  house,  and  taken  their  places  in  business 


life.  Later,  another  motherless  infant  girl  was 
brought  home  to  her  arms  and  care.  This  little 
one,  now  six  years  old  is  still  with  her,  so  that 
her  busy  life  has  included  mother  care  of  twenty- 
one  children. 

Yet,  filled  to  overflowing,  as  her  hands,  head 
and  heart  have  always  lieen,  of  her  own  household 
duties,  she  has  foinid  time  to  listen  to  and  assist, 
with  sympathy,  advice  and  material  aid,  an  end- 
less procession  of  sorrowing  and  distressed  hu- 
manity. There  is  proliably  no  woman  in  the 
state  who  has  done  more  to  lighten  the  burdens 
on  the  shoulders  of  the  poor,  the  sick,  the  aged 
and  the  distressed  than  Mrs.  Van  Cleve.  Her 
benevolence  is  of  the  active  type  which  leads  her 
to  tlirow  herself  heart  and  soul  into  each  indi- 
vidual case,  nor  is  she  easily  turned  aside  by 
discovering  that  tlie  poverty  or  suffering  which 
she  is  called  upon  to  relieve,  is  the  result  of  the 
bad  management,  intemperance  or  sin  of  the  suf- 
ferer. While  glad  to  aid  the  Lord's  poor,  she  has 
great  faith  in  the  elevating  and  reformatory  in- 
fluence of  kindness  and  encouragement  on  the 
Devil's  poor  as  well.  The  past  is  past;  "if  you  will 
help  yourself  I  will  help  you,"  is  the  spirit  in 
which  she  meets  all  applicants.  Keferring  once 
to  her  sympathy  for  tramps,  and  her  efforts  to  aid 
some  of  them,  slie  explained  it  by  saying,  "but 
you  know  I  came  so  near  being  born  a  tramp 
myself." 

This  by  no  means  covers  her  work.  An  easy 
speaker,  a  ready  writer,  she  has  devoted  a  great 
deal  of  her  time  and  strength  to  the  cause  of 
Foreign  ISIissions.  Slie  has  canvassed  the  state 
with  marked  success  for  the  past  several  years 
lecturing  and  organizing  Women's  Foreign  Mis- 
sion societies,  auxiliary  to  the  Presbyterian  so- 
ciety, and  holds  the  office  of  vice-president  for 
the  synod  of  Minnesota,  in  connection  witli  that 
denomination. 

But,  though  after  the  straightest  manner  of  her 
sect,  a  Presbyterian,  her  views  are  broad  and  her 
nature  genial,  so  tliat  slie  joins  hands  readily 
with  christians  of  whatever  name.  Catholic  or 
Protestant  in  the  prosecution  of  any  good  work. 
She  literally  sows  beside  all  waters,  and  so  to-day 
we  find  her  sending  her  daughter  or  her  beloved 
Sunday-school  scholar  across  the  ocean  on  a  for- 
eign mission,  and  to-morrow  traveling  in  hot 
haste  to  bring  the  priest  to  minister  to  the  dying 


650 


HISTORY  OF  HUNNEPJN  COUNIY. 


child  of  lier  poor  washerwoman.  Said  the  mother 
superior  of  a  convent  to  her  not  long  ago  :  "I 
do  think  we  serve  the  same  master  and  shall  be 
received  into  the  same  home  at  last." 

But  very  particuarly  Mrs.  A'an  Cleve  has  ever 
been  the  champion  of  her  se.x.  Too  tiue  a  wife, 
and  mother  ever  to  lose  sight  of  woman's  best 
and  dearest  rights  she  has  still  been  a  warm 
advocate  of  her  right  to  equality  before  the  law, 
including  the  ballot.  When  the  right  of  suflrage 
was  extended  to  the  women  of  the  state  on 
the  school  question,  it  was  her  distinguished 
privilege  to  cast  her  first  ballot  in  company  w  itl> 
her  husband  and  four  sons.  She  also  did  good 
work  for  two  years  as  member  of  the  school 
board  for  East  Minneapolis. 

Hut  of  all  forms  of  the  injustice  of  society  to 
women,  none  has  so  touched  her  heart  and  roused 
her  indignation  as  the  remorseless  punishment 
visited  upon  the  fallen  woman.  So  strongly  did 
this  impress  her  that  she  at  last,  after  much 
thought,  determined  to  take  upon  herself  as  her 
peculiar  work,  to  do  what  one  woman  could,  to 
raise  up  and  stand  upon  their  feet,  those  of  her 
own  sex,  who  through  temptation  or  folly  had 
been  beaten  down  to  the  ground  in  the  unequal 
battle  of  life. 

Long  she  labored  quietly  and  alone,  reaching 
out  a  helping  hand  here  to  a  tempted  and  there 
to  a  fallen  one.  But  as  she  became  more  familiar 
with  the  ways  and  wants  of  the  class,  she  saw 
that  much  more  might  be  done  by  organized  ef- 
fort with  others.  Acting  on  this  conviction  she 
brought  together  a  band  of  working  Christian 
women  who  had  faith  in  her  and  the  work,  and 
together  they  rented  a  house  and  opened  a  home 
for  fallen  women.  They  called  themselves  the 
Sisterhood  of  Bethany,  and  their  house  Bethany 
Home. 

This  was  pvirely  a  work  of  faith,  for  at  that 
time  the  society  had  no  money,  no  income,  no 
furniture,  no  supplies  of  any  kind.  Their  or- 
ganization was  not  understood  l)y  the  public,  the 
work  itself  was  from  its  very  nature,  ditticult  to 
make  underetood.  But  Mrs.  VanCleve  never  fal- 
tered. For  over  five  years  she  and  her  little  band 
have  labored  incessantly  to  put  the  Home  on  a 
firm  footing  and  give  it  a  name  and  a  place 
among  the  recognized  charities  of  the  city.  She 
called  upon  the  public  for  help,  through  the  press, 


from  the  platform  and  by  personal  appeal:  cheer- 
fully taking  censure,  ridicule  or  rebuff,  having 
that  rare  and  happy  faculty  so  necessary  to  suc- 
cess, of  always  turning  a  deaf  ear  towards  the 
faultfinder,  and  the  sharp,  quick  ear  toward  the 
voice  that  offered  aid. 

This  work  has  constantly  called  her  to  the  jail, 
the  prison,  the  penitentiary,  the  varietj"  theatre, 
the  low  dark  haunts  of  sin,  to  all  of  which  she 
has  gone  fearlessly  and  come  away  unharmed, 
leaving  behind  her  the  perfume  of  the  "good  word 
fitly  spoken." 

The  lesson  to  be  learned  from  Mrs.  VanCleve 's 
life  is  that  neither  wealth  nor  high  station,  nor  a 
life  of  freedom  from  the  common  cares  incident 
to  the  life  of  women,  are  necessary  to  the  accom- 
plishment of  great  good.  But  the  cheerful  smile, 
the  loving  heart  and  the  willing,  industrious  hand, 
all  dedicated  to  the  service  of  God  and  humanity, 
makes  a  power  whose  influence  for  good,  like  the 
influence  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  only  an 
eternity  can  measure. 

S,  II.  Van  Cleve,  son  of  General  Van  Cleve, 
was  bom  at  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan,  May  21st, 
1853.  Moved  to  Todd  county,  Minnesota,  with 
his  parents,  and  thence  to  Minneapolis  in  1S61. 
Repassed  five  years  on  the  Sandwich  Islands,  and 
three  years  in  the  study  of  medicine.  Attended 
the  schools  of  Minneapolis,  the  State  University, 
and  graduated  frt)ni  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  at  New  York  in  .March,  1880.  With 
the  exception  of  the  eight  years  mentioned,  he 
lived  in  this  city  since  eight  years  of  age. 

G.  T.  Vail  was  born  inXew  Brunswick  in  1820. 
Located  in  Miinieapolis  in  1850,  engaged  in  con- 
tracting and  building,  and  continued  until  1867, 
at  which  time  he  began  in  the  undertaking  busi- 
ness. He  still  continues,  and  is  the  oldest  estab- 
lished exclusive  undertaker  in  the  city.  The 
changes  in  the  firm  are  as  follows:  In  1869  the 
firm  of  Curtis  and  ^'ail  was  established,  succeed- 
ed by  G,  T.  Vail.  In  May.  1871,  the  present  firm 
of  G.  T.  ^'ail  and  Comjiany  was  formed.  Loca- 
tion, 112  Washington  Avenue  south. 

Ole  Peterson  Vangsnes  was  born  in  Sogn,  Nor- 
way, January  11th,  1855,  He  came  to  America 
with  his  parents  in  1863,  and  settled  at  Decorah, 
Iowa,  and  soon  after  entered  the  Norwegian  Col- 
lege, Graduating  at  Uecorah  in  1875.  he  went 
to  a  German  Luther;m  seminary  at  St,  Louis, 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


651 


whence  he  graduated  in  1S78,  and  at  once  received 
a  call  from  the  congi-egation  over  wliich  he  novc 
presides. 

Cliarles  E.  Vanderburgli,  judge  of  tlie  fourth 
judicial  district,  is  a  native  of  the  Mohawk  Val- 
ley, New  York,  born  at  Clifton  Park,  Saratoga 
county,  December  2d,  1829.  At  tlie  age  of  seven 
years  he  accompanied  his  parents  to  Marcellus 
and  there  attended  district  school  winters  and 
worked  on  the  farm  summers,  lie  prepared  liim- 
self  for  college  at  the  district;  school  and  at 
Homer,  New  York,  by  teaching  in  winter.  He 
entered  the  Sophomore  year  at  Yale  College  in 
1849  and  graduated  in  the  class  of  '52.  lie  then 
took  charge  a»  principal  of  the  Oxford  Academy, 
Oxford,  Chenango  county,  New  York  ;  remained 
in  that  position  one  year  then  commenced  the 
study  of  law.  lie  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1855,  and  in  the  fall  started  west,  reaclung  Min- 
neapolis the  spring  of  1856,  and  has  since  made 
this  city  his  home.  On  his  arrival  he  entered  into 
partnership  with  Judge  F.  li.  E.  Cornell  in  the 
practice  of  law,  this  firm  continuing  until  1859. 
In  the  fall  of  that  year  he  was  elected  judge  of 
this  district  which  then  embraced  all  the  territory 
west  of  the  Mississippi  river,  from  Fort  Snelling 
to  the  British  Possessions.  He  was  re-elected  in 
1S66,  1873  and  1880.  In  1877  the  legislature  con- 
solidated the  district  court  and  the  court  of  com- 
mon pleas  and  Judge  Young  was  elected  associ- 
ate judge  with  Judge  ^'anderburgh  ;  from  1859 
tUl  1877  he  was  the  sole  judge  of  the  district.  He 
married  Miss  Julia  N.  Mygatt,  of  Oxford,  New 
York,  in  1857.  She  died  in  1863  leaving  two 
children:  AVilliam  II,  and  Julia  Mygatt.  Tlie 
latter  died  in  1871.  His  second  wife  was  Miss 
Anna  Culbert;  married  in  the  spring  of  1873. 
They  have  one  child,  Isabella  Mclntyre. 

Milo  Vanhorn  was  born  in  Greene  county,  Wis- 
consin, in  18-tl.  Came  to  Winona,  Minnesota, 
and  remained  until  1865  then  removed  to  Clinton, 
Iowa.  In  1876  he  removed  to  Grand  Rapids. 
Michigan,  wliere  he  remained  until  coming  to 
Minneapolis  in  1878.  Was  in  the  employ  of  J.  C. 
Oswald  and  now  lias  eliarge  of  J.  II.  Henderson's 
stable. 

Henry  Van  Valkenburj  was  born  at  Leroy, 
New  York,  in  1826,  where  he  lived  until  1844. 
He  then  went  to  Toledo,  Ohio,  and  was  connected 
with  the  Indiana  Hotel.     In  1857,  came  to  Way- 


zata,  Minnesota,  where  he  engaged  in  the  pearl- 
ash  and  pot-ash  manufacture,  being  the  first 
manufacture  of  this  commodity  in  the  state.  Two 
years  later  he  closed  out  and  located  in  Minneap- 
olis, engaging  in  a  grocery  until  1860,  and  after- 
wards in  auction  and  commission  business.  He 
was  married  in  1853  to  Katie  JIartin,  of  New 
York.  Tliey  have  only  one  child  living  :  Katie, 
now  Mrs.  Farrington  of  this  city. 

N.  C.  Van  Valkenberg  was  burn  in  McHenry 
county,  Illinois,  January  3d,  1844.  In  1853,  came 
with  his  parents  to  Richfield,  Minnesota.  Here 
he  remained  on  the  farm  until  1861,  when  he  en- 
listed in  Company  II,  First  Minnesota  Infantry; 
was  discharged  nine  months  after,  but  re-enlisted 
August  22d,  1863,  in  Hatch's  Independent  Bat- 
talion, and  served  until  mustered  out  in  -June,"' 
1866,  at  Fort  Snelling.  The  same  year,  came  to 
Minneapolis  and  worked  at  his  trade  of  mill- 
wright, and  had  charge  of  the  machinery  of  the 
Washburn  "  B  "  mill  for  five  years.  In  1879  he 
opened  a  grocery  store,  in  which  he  still  contin- 
ues. He  was  married  in  1872,  to  Annie  B., 
daughter  of  Martin  Layman,  who  has  borne  him 
three  cliildren:  Charles,  Allie  and  Mabel. 

A.  T.  Valentine  was  born  in  Somerset  county, 
Maine,  in  1833.  Came  to  Miimeapolis  in  1856, 
and  engaged  in  lumbering  ten  years,  when  he  en- 
tered the  meat  business.  In  1875  he  bought  a 
farm,  which  he  worked  until  1880.  During  that 
winter  lie  and  liis  brotlier,  L.  D.,  built  their  pres- 
ent business  house,  and  taking  B.  Wells  as  part- 
ner, resumed  business  with  the  firm  name  of 
Valentine  and  Company.  Tlie  firm  is  now  Val- 
entine Brothers.  Was  married  in  1862  to  Flor- 
ence Bartlett,  of  Maine.  Their  children  are: 
Guy,  Bernice,  Lee  and  Mary. 

L.  D.  Valentine,  of  the  firm  of  Valentine 
Brothers,  was  born  in  Somerset  county,  jNIaine, 
1838.  In  1856,  came  to  St.  Anthony,  and  with 
the  exception  of  two  years'  residence  in  Idaho, 
has  made  this  his  permanent  place  of  abode.  He 
was  engaged  in  dry  goods  and  groceries  until 
1866  with  L.  C.  Smith,  but  since  then  has  been 
with  his  brother  in  the  meat  market.  He  was 
married  in  1864  to  IIe)en  A.  Borrows,  who  bore 
liim  one  child,  Freddie. 

Louis  Vorwerk  was  born  in  Germany,  June 
20tli,  1832.  Was  educated  in  his  native  country, 
a:id  came  to  America  tlie  summer  of  1852.    He 


652 


HISTORY  OF  JIEKKEPIN  COUKTY. 


lived  three  years  in  the  state  of  Xew  York,  and 
three  years  in  Chicago.  He  came  to  Minnesota 
in  1858,  and  located  on  a  farm  in  Watonwan 
county,  on  which  he  remained  until  the  Indian 
outbreak,  hi  lStj2.  wlien  he  was  driven  from  his 
home.  Came  to  Minneapolis  and  worked  in  the 
furniture  business  until  he  accumulated  enough 
to  begui  business  for  himself,  then  opened  a  gro- 
cery at  330  Fifth  street  north-east.  liis  maniage 
to  Miss  Jennie  Faber  occurred  October  luth, 
1856,  at  Chicago.  Tliey  have  four  children  liv- 
ing: Frederick,  Elizabeth  E..  Louis  TV.  and 
Fredericka  D.  A. 


CHAPTER  LXXXIV. 

BIOGRAPHICAL,  W,   Y   AND   Z. 

Arthur  AVales,  of  the  firm  of  Wales  Brothers, 
•was  bom  in  Tennessee,  in  1855.  Phillip  was  born 
at  BaltiQiore,  in  1857.  They  came  to  ^linneapo- 
lis  in  1869  and  in  1876  commenced  the  manu- 
facture of  cabinet  organs.  In  tlie  fall  of  1877 
they  built  their  first  pipe  organ,  it  is  now  in  use 
at  the  Gethsemane  Church ;  in  1880  they  made 
the  second ;  that  went  to  Carver  county.  Wil- 
liam Wales,  the  father  of  these  gentlemen,  was  a 
prominent  man  of  Baltimore,  and  at  the  opening 
of  the  war  was  editor  of  tlie  Baltimore  American. 

C.  E.  Wales  was  born  at  St.  Anthony,  October 
4th,  1851.  At  the  age  of  twelve  he  began  his 
business  career  as  agent  for  the  St.  Paul  Pioneer 
and  St.  Paul  Press,  there  being  at  that  time  no 
daily  paper  printed  at  either  St.  Anthony  or  Min- 
neapolis ;  he  continued  that  business  for  several 
years,  at  tlie  same  time  attending  school.  In  1860 
he  entered  the  employ  of  J.  A.  Armstrong,  his 
being  the  first  coal  and  wood  yard  in  the  city ;  he 
remained  witli  him  about  five  years  and  then  es- 
tabUshed  himself  in  the  same  business.  Two 
years  from  that  time,  the  different  fuel  companies 
of  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis  were  merged  into 
one.  under  the  name  of  North-western  Fuel  Com- 
pany. Mr.  Wales  was  cashier  until  the  death  of 
Mr.  Armstrong,  since  then  he  he  has  been  agent. 


lie  married  Ilattie  Eaymond.  in  1879 ;  she  has 
borne  him  one  cliild,  Marie. 

William  W.  Wales  was  born  March  14th,  1818, 
in  Iredell  county.  North  Carolina.  In  1845,  re- 
moved to  Greensburg,  Indiana,  and  taught  school 
in  that  place  for  a  time;  then  engaged  in  the  book 
and  stationery  business.  In  1851  he  came  to  St. 
Anthony  and  occupied  himself  in  gardening 
about  three  years,  after  whicli  he  again  went  in  the 
book  trade.  Mr.  Wales'  connection  with  local  pol- 
itics has  been  important;  he  held  the  ofBce  of  city 
clerk  three  years,  was  postmaster  two  years  dur- 
ing President  Lincoln's  administration,  and  was 
twice  mayor  of  St.  Anthony;  in  1856  he  was  a 
member  of  the  territorial  council,  and  the  next 
year  was  sent  by  the  society  of  Friends,  of  Indi- 
ana, to  assume  charge  of  a  colored  orphan  asy- 
lum in  Mississippi,  but  failing  health  obliged  him 
to  return  to  Minneapolis.  In  1868  he  opened  his 
present  business  of  paper-hangings,  window- 
shades,  etc.  Mr.  Wales  married  Catherine  Bun- 
dy  in  1848.  Tliey  have  had  eight  children:  Ma- 
ria, Charles,  Laura,  William,  Florence  and  Net- 
tie are  living. 

Thomas  B.  AValker  was  bom  in  Xenia,  Green 
county.  Ohio,  February  1st.  1840.  His  father 
died  in  1849,  and  in  1856  the  family  removed  to 
Berea,  where  he  aided  in  the  support  of  the  fam- 
ily, and  secured  the  rudiments  of  an  education. 
Having  a  taste  for  mathematics,  he  pursued  the 
study  of  engineering,  astronomy,  calculus  and 
Newton's  "Principia."  Mr.  Walker  came  to 
Minnesota  in  1862,  during  the  Indian  outbreak, 
and  followed  surveying,  railroad  engineering, 
and  examining  land  "and  exploring  until  about 
1873.  In  1868  he  combined  with  Dr.  Levi  Butler 
and  II.  W.  Mills  under  the  firm  name  of  Butler, 
Mills  and  Walker,  lumber  manufacturers  and 
dealer's,  continuins  in  the  firm  until  1876.  During 
tliese  years  he  was  also  interested  in  lands  and 
logs  with  II.  T.  Welles,  Franklin  Steele.  Major 
Camp,  Herrick  Bros.,  George  Cleveland  and  oth- 
ers. In  1876.  with  George  A.  Camp,  he  purchased 
the  Pacific  mills  of  J.  Dean  and  Company.  This 
famous  mill  is  described  elsewhere.  In  1863  Mr. 
Walker  was  married  to  Miss  Harriet  G.  Ilulet  of 
Berea,  Ohio.  They  have  seven  children,  two 
girls  and  five  boj  s,  all  of  whom  are  active,  enter- 
prising, rough  and  rugged.  They  are  taught  to 
play,  hunt,  fish,  row  boats  etc.    It  was  through 


BIOGRAFEICAL. 


653 


Mr.  Walker's  influence  that  the  Athenseum  was 
opened  for  the  benefit  of  the  pubhc. 

Swan  Walton,  born  December  20th,  1840,  in 
Sweden.  lie  passed  about  three  years  in  Den- 
mark; then  returned  to  Sweden  and  engaged  in 
milling.  In  1868  he  caaie  to  Minneapolis;  was 
several  years  in  the  furniture  business  with  W. 
r.  Warner  and  also  with  Mr.  McLean.  In  1870 
he  was  appointed  on  the  police  force,  and  two 
years  later  engaged  in  tlie  grocery  business  under 
the  firm  name  of  Vanstrom  and  Walton.  He 
was  again  appointed  on  the  police  force  in  1878, 
and  still  holds  the  position.  His  wife  was  Annie 
Anderson,  whom  he  married  in  1868.  They  are 
the  parents  of  five  children:  Frank,  Annie, 
Nellie,  Matilda  and  Mary. 

C.  B.  Walke,  a  native  of  New  York,  was  born 
in  1858.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1876,  and 
two  years  later  went  in  business,  having  bought 
out  J.  H.  Heisser.  He  deals  in  scroll  saws,  scroll 
work,  and  all  kinds  of  supplies  in  connection  with 
the  business ;  he  is  at  No.  403  Nicollet  Avenue. 

r.  C.  Walker  was  bom  at  Otsego,  New  York, 
November  12th,  1829.  He  lived  in  his  native 
place  until  the  age  of  twenty-two,  then  went  to 
Massachusetts  and  remained  there  in  the  boot  and 
shoe  trade  until  1879,  when  he  removed  to  Cleve- 
land, Ohio,  and  about  six  years  was  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  ladders  and  eave  troughs; 
after  residing  two  and  one-half  years  in  Indian- 
apolis became  here;  he  does  carpet  cleaning,  and 
manufactures  ladders  and  the  '-Boss"  washing 
machine.  He  was  married  in  1859,  to  Miranda 
Morton  ;  they  have  one  child. 

G.  F.  Walker,  born  in  Scotland,  June,  1859; 
he  came  to  this  country  and  helped  dress  the  first 
stone  used  in  the  Cataract  mill.  He  lived  two 
years  in  Meeker  county,  then  went  to  Scott  coun- 
ty and  leased  a  mill.  In  1864  he  returned  to  Min- 
neapolis and  had  charge  of  the  Union  mill  one 
year ;  then  in  company  with  Thomas  Noble  built 
the  People's  mill  and  operated  it  four  years;  he 
next  built  the  Washington  mill  at  Dassel,  and 
after  running  it  four  years,  sold  out,  purchased 
the  Delano  mill  and  operated  that  about  seven 
years,  tlien  returned  to  this  city  and  has  since 
worked  at  the  Crown  Roller  mill.  In  1861  lie 
miirried  Ann  Robertson.  Their  chililren  are: 
John,  Nellie,  Mary,  Jessie,  Minnehaha,  Ilattie 
and  George. 


J.  C.  Walker,  a  native  of  Canada,  was  born 
December  13th,  1842,  at  Cornwall.  He  came  to 
the  United  States  in  the  fall  of  1862,  and  worked 
at  the  lumber  business  in  Green  Bay,  Wisconsin, 
and  Minneapolis,  until  June,  1879  ;  the  following 
spring  he  engaged  in  his  present  business,  billiard 
hall  and  sample  room  at  103  Nicollet  Avenue. 
In  October,  1880,  his  marriage  with  Julia  Mona- 
han  took  place. 

Mrs.  John  Wall  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1864, 
and  has  been  ten  years  in  the  hotel  business. 
Since  February,  1877,  she  has  been  in  the  Wall 
House  at  17  and  19  Second  street  north ;  it  is  a 
three  story  brick  house  owned  by  Henry  Oswald. 

Matthew  Walsh,  born  in  Ireland,  June  15th, 
1841.  He  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1861, 
and  located  at  New  York  city;  during  one  season  he 
was  employed  on  a  merchant  steamer,  running 
between  New  York  and  New  Orleans.  In  1865 
he  removed  to  this  city,  and  has  since  that  time 
been  at  the  Cataract  mill,  with  the  exception  of 
one  year  with  Judd  and  Brackett.  He  has  been 
head  miller  at  the  Cataract  since  1871.  In  1864 
he  married  Annie  Stacy,  who  has  borne  him  seven 
children,  Walter,  Edward,  Margaret,  Alice,  May, 
Katie  and  Julia. 

John  Walter  was  born  in  1831,  in  Switzerland. 
He  graduated  in  1846,  and  then  engaged  in  mer- 
cantile business  three  years  in  his  native  country. 
In  1849  he  moved  to  New  York,  and  the  next 
year  to  Canada,  where  he  taught  school  fifteen 
years;  then  returned  to  New  York,  and  after 
teaching  in  that  state  one  year,  went  to  Illinois 
for  three  years,  then  to  Sioux  City,  where  he 
was  assistant  in  the  high  school  four  years;  at  the 
expiration  of  that  time,  he  came  here,  and  after 
teaching  two  years,  engaged  in  his  present  busi- 
ness. In  1854  he  married  Miss  S.  Smith.  They 
have  had  fourteen  children;  the  living  are,  Emma, 
Henry,  Sidney,  Gustavus,  Minerva,  John,  Her- 
man, Stella,  Charles  and  Effle. 

George  F.  Warner,  a  native  of  Schoharie 
county.  New  York,  was  born  in  1828.  At  the 
age  of  sixteen  he  commenced  in  the  furniture 
business,  and  continued  in  this  trade  with  success 
at  xVlbany,  New  York,  Buffalo  and  Chicago.  He 
came  to  Minneapolis  in  June,  1857,  and  is  the 
oldest  established  furniture  dealer  in  the  city. 
His  places  of  business  are  numbers  325  Nicollet 
Avenue  and  106  Washington  Avenue  south. 


654 


HISTOBY  OF  HENSEPiy  COUNTY. 


X.  F.  Wanier  was  born  in  1848  in  New  York 
city.  In  ]851  lie  moved  with  liis  parents  to  Buf- 
falo. New  York,  where  they  remained  until  18-5.5, 
and  next  lived  two  years  in  Chicago.  Coming  to 
Minnesota  in  18.57,  they  lived  a  while  in  Fair- 
bault  and  then  came  to  Minneapolis,  where  he  has 
resided  ever  since  with  the  exception  of  a  short 
period.  In  1869  Mr.  Warner  joined  an  exploring 
expedition  up  the  Yellowstone  in  order  to  recruit 
his  failing  health;  on  his  return  to  Minneapolis, 
he  joined  a  sur\eying  party  up  the  Mississippi 
river  and  its  tributaries.  lie  there  pre-empted  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  pine  land,  which  he 
afterwards  sold  for  SI, 000.  He  then  returned  to 
Minneapolis  and  began  in  the  undertaking  busi- 
ness, in  which  he  is  still  engaged.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1879  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Sullivan,  of  Min- 
neapolis. They  have  one  child,  a  girl  ten  months 
old.  who  was  adopted  by  the  Minneapolis  Light 
Infantry,  as  the  "  daughter  of  the  regiment." 

John  Washburn,  a  native  of  2*Iaine,  was  bom 
in  1858,  at  Hallowell.  He  is  a  son  of  A.  S.  Wash- 
burn and  nephew  of  C.  C.  and  W.  D.  Washburn. 
In  February,  1880,  he  came  to  MinneapoMs,  and 
commenced  learning  milling,  with  a  view  to  mak- 
ing it  his  permanent  business. 

William  Drew  Washburn,  was  bom  at  Liver- 
more,  Androscoggin  county,  Maine,  January  14th, 
1831.  His  parents.  Israel  and  Martha  nee  Benja- 
min, were  lineal  descendants  of  the  old  Mayflower 
stock ;  the  Benjamin  family  were  of  Scottish  ex- 
traction. Unto  the  age  of  twenty  he  lived  on  the 
farm  with  his  father,  and  attended  school  win- 
ters; he  studied  at  Gorman  Academy,  also  at 
South  Paris,  and  finally  completed  his  prepara- 
tory studies  at  Farmington  Academy.  In  1854 
he  giaduated  from  Bowdom  College ;  having 
taught  winters,  and  worked  vacations,  to  defray 
his  expenses ;  during  one  of  these  vacations  he 
was  clerk  in  the  house  of  representatives,  under 
General  Cullom.  After  graduating  he  studied 
law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857 ;  the 
same  year  he  came  to  this  city,  and  was  appointed 
agent  of  the  MiinieapoUs  ilill  Company,  iji  which 
he  afterward  became  a  partner.  In  1861  he  was 
commissioned  by  President  Lincoln,  sur\'eyor 
general  of  Minnesota,  and  removed  to  St.  Paul. 
At  the  close  of  his  term  of  otfice  he  returned  to 
this  city,  built  a  large  saw-mill,  and  has  since 
been  actively  engaged  in  the  lumber  trade.    He 


was  the  chief  mover  in  projecting  the  Minneapo- 
lis &  St.  Louis  railway,  the  success  of  which  is 
largely  due  to  his  enterprise  ;  he  is  president  of 
the  company  and  one  of  the  largest  stock  owners 
in  the  corporation  ;  has  also  been  interested  in 
other  railroads.  In  1872  he  built  the  finest  lum- 
ber mill,  in  the  state,  at  Anoka,  and  has  since 
built  a  large  flouring  mill  at  the  same  place.  In 
1873.  he,  with  others,  built  the  Palisade  mill, 
here  ;  he  is  also  one  of  the  originators  and  stock- 
holders of  the  Minneapolis  Har\-ester  AVorks. 
Since  becoming  a  resident  of  Minnesota,  he  has 
been  an  active  participant  of  public  enterprises ; 
politically  he  has  always  been  a  republican.  No- 
vember. 1S7S,  he  was  elected  representative  of  the 
third  congressional  district  by  three  thousand  ma- 
jority', and  in  1880  re-elected  by  a  majority  of 
twelve  thousand.  In  his  religious  belief  he  is  a 
Universalist.  He  married  in  1859,  Lizzie  Muzzy, 
of  Bangor.  Elaine,  who  has  born  him  eight  chil- 
dren ;  two  sons  and  two  daughters  are  living. 

William  P.  Washburn,  a  native  of  Kew  Bruns- 
wick, was  born  in  Xorthumberland  county,  Feb- 
ruary 10th,  18-50.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  De- 
cember. 1874.  and  worked  in  the  lumber  business 
four  years,  on  the  boom  in  the  summer  and  win- 
ters in  the  woods.  September,  1878,  he  took  an 
interest  with  T.  G.  Salisbury  in  the  manufacture 
of  mattresses.  His  marriage  with  Ida  Rowe  took 
place  in  November,  1876. 

John  Watson  was  bom  March  26th,  1830,  in 
Somerset  coimty,  Maine.  In  1851  he  went  to 
California,  where  he  was  mining  and  lumbering 
about  five  years,  then  returned  to  Maine  and 
went  into  the  tanning  business.  In  1861  he  re- 
moved to  Minnesota  and  engaged  in  railroad 
building.  He  has  been  connected  with  the  inter- 
ests of  this  city  since  1864,  and  since  1872  has 
been  an  officer  of  the  City  Bank;  he  was  vice- 
president  five  years,  and  in  1879  took  charge  of 
the  Telephone  Company  as  its  general  manager. 
Mr.  Watson  married,  in  1856,  Olive  Thompson. 
Their  children  are:  M.iy,  Florence,  Louis  and 
Henry. 

Frederick  Weinard  was  bom  October  19ih, 
1819,  in  (Jermany.  He  gi'ew  to  manhood  in  his 
native  country,  and  learned  the  painter's  trade. 
In  1848  he  came  to  the  United  States,  and  first 
located  in  Delaware;  removed  to  St.  .Vnthony  in 
1854,  and  the  next  year  took  a  claim  of  one  hun 


BIOOBAPHICAL. 


655 


dred  and  sixty  acres  on  Rush  Creek,  ocenpied  un- 
til 1856,  returned  to  St.  Antliony,  and  after 
working  in  a  saw-mill  several  years,  went  back 
to  liis  trade;  lie  is  one  of  the  oldest  painters  in 
the  city.  In  1849  he  married  Katrina  Boto.  Their 
living  children  are:  Justina,  Mary,  Fred  and 
William. 

Peter  Weingert,  deceased,  was  born  November 
1st,  1830,  a  native  of  Germany.  He  settled  in  St. 
Anthony  in  1855,  and  worked  at  his  trade,  tailor- 
ing, one  year;  tlien  kept  a  boarding  house  until 
1861,  next  engaging  in  mercantile  business.  In 
1871  lie  erected  his  store  and  continued  in  trade 
until  his  death,  April  30th,  1872.  Since  that 
time  Mrs.  Weingert  has  conducted  the  business 
alone,  dealing  in  dry  goods  and  groceries.  She 
has  had  nine  cliildren;  Ihe  living  are:  Henry,  Jo- 
sephine, Peter  and  Girddio. 

Henry  T.  Wellfs.  The  great  North-west  owes 
much  of  its  prosperity  to  tlie  blood  which  has 
been  transplanted  from  the  shores  of  New  Eng- 
land. Many  of  the  early  settlers  and  pioneers  of 
Minnesota  were  natives  of  that  rugged,  stern, 
honest  portion  of  the  union.  In  their  advent 
to  the  west  they  retained  tlieir  liabits  of  indus- 
try, economy  and  integrity  wliicli  they  had 
formed  in  early  life.  The  effect  of  this  trans- 
planting, in  numerous  instances,  was  to  enlarge 
the  mind;  from  the  fact  of  its  liaving  more  room 
for  expansion,  in  the  many  facilities  for  enter- 
prises of  nearly  every  variety.  A  great  worlc  was 
before  them,  a  new  empire  was  to  l)e  inaugurated. 
The  vast,  rich  prairies  were  to  be  occupied;  cities 
were  to  be  built,  church  and  school  edifices  to  be 
erected;  arts  and  sciences  to  be  introduced  and 
patronized;  pulilic  highways  and  internal  improve- 
ments v.'ere  to  be  made,  including  costly  bridges, 
factories,  mills  and  workshops.  Truly  a  great 
work  lay  before  these  people,  and  probably  among 
the  early  immigrants  to  this  portion  of  the  valley 
of  the  great  river,  there  was  no  one  more  capable 
or  more  willing  to  assist  in  the  mammoth  work 
than  Henry  T.  Welles,  who  was  born  April  3d, 
1821,  in  Hartford  county,  Connecticut.  He  made 
St.  Anthony  his  home  in  1853.  Belonging  to  one 
of  the  best  families  of  his  native  state,  he  was 
favored  in  boyhood  with  rare  advantat^es,  having 
graduated  in  1843  from  Trinity  College,  Hart- 
ford. In  those  days  neither  wealth  nor  position 
exempted  the  young  man  of  New  England  from 


habits  of  industry.  During  the  college  vacations 
he  assisted  in  tilling  the  broad  acres  of  the  family 
homestead,  and  the  first  ten  years  after  leaving 
college  were  mostly  spent  on  the  farm,  though 
divided  with  duties  of  a  public  character.  In 
1850  lie  was  honored  with  a  seat  in  the  legisla- 
ture of  his  native  state.  Upon  his  arrival  in  St. 
Anthony,  became  interested  in  the  lumbering 
business  to  which  were  added  other  industries, 
and  having  ample  means  he  purchased  con- 
siderable real  estate.  In  1855  he  was  elected 
mayor  of  that  city.  He  removed  to  Minneapolis 
in  1856,  having  previously  made  large  purchases 
on  this  side  of  the  river,  has  been  closely  identi- 
fied with  the  interests  of  this  city,  has  done  much 
to  develop  its  industries,  and  in  1858,  was  presi- 
dent of  the  town  council,  and  president  of  the 
board  of  education.  In  1863  he  was  unanimously 
nominated  for  governor  of  the  state,  by  the  dem- 
ocratic party;  but  he  failed  of  an  election  in  con- 
sequence of  the  overwhelming  majority  of  the 
republicans.  Since  1864  he  lias  had  neither  time 
or  inclination  to  engage  in  political  matters,  the 
management  of  his  real  estate  occupying  much 
of  his  attention,  but  he  never  hesitates  to  give 
substantial  aid  in  all  matters  that  are  of  material 
advantage  to  the  city,  and  state  of  his  adoption. 
The  different  railroads  that  center  in  Minneap- 
olis liad  to  be  encouraged  liy  the  citizens  in  every 
possible  way.  Mr.  Welles  invested  large  sums 
of  money,  that  the  city  might  enjoy  tliese  railway 
facilities.  Different  objects  of  charity  have  fre- 
quently received  his  bounty,  while  tli  educational 
interests  of  the  community  have  been  aided  by 
him  in  no  trivial  manner.  In  addition  to  other 
numerous  duties,  he  is  president  of  the  North- 
western National  Bank,  one  of  the  best  monied 
institutions  of  the  city.  His  financial  abilities 
are  peculiarly  fitted  for  this  office.  Previous  to 
coming  to  Minnesota,  Mr.  Welles  was  happily 
married  and  has  an  interesting  family.  In  clos- 
ing this  small  tribute  of  respect  to  Mr.  Welles, 
the  writer  would  add  that  Minneapolis  has  been 
fortunate  in  the  character  of  the  ukmi  who  have 
built  up  the  industries  of  the  place;  tliey  are 
the  worthy  cotemporaries  of  iSIr.  Welles. 

G.  G.  Wells,  a  native  of  Cazenovia,  New  York, 
was  born  January  20tli,  1852.  Went  to  Albany 
in  1846  to  learn  the  jeweler's  trade,  and  remained 
there  five  years ;  then  spent  one  }'ear  at  Dubuque, 


656 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Iowa,  and  three  at  Jackson.  Michigan.  In  1856 
established  himself  in  business  in  this  city ;  four 
years  later  formed  a  partnership  witli  W.  11. 
Chamberlain,  which  conthiued  nine  years  ;  since 
then  Mr.  "Wells  has  given  his  entire  attention  to 
watch  work  and  repairing;  his  place  of  business  is 
the  Xicollet  House.  In  18.53,  married  Minnie  Slead. 
They  have  had  two  children,  James -and  Hattie. 
The  latter  died  at  the  age  of  thirteen  months. 

Charles  L.  Wells,  M.  D..  was  born  October  13th. 
1842,  at  Pompey.  New  York.  "Was  educated  at 
Hobart  College,  took  the  degi-ee  of  A.  B.,  and 
later  that  of  A.  M.  Taught  classics  at  Burlington 
College  one  year,  and  three  years  at  the  High 
school  of  Geneva.  In  1869  he  graduated  at  the 
Geneva  Medical  College,  and  the  five  years  fol- 
lowing acted  as  first  assistant  physician  at  Wil- 
lard"s  Asylum  for  the  insane.  Since  September, 
1875,  has  been  in  practice  here.  Dr.  "Wells  mar- 
ried in  1870.  Ilattie  Stilwell  of  Xew  York.  Hen-, 
ry  and  ilarj-  are  their  children. 

John  AVensinger,  bom  in  Switzerland,  May  22d, 
1825.  Came  with  his  parents  to  America  in  1833 
and  located  at  Richland  county,  Ohio.  Removed 
to  Huron  in  1840,  thence  to  Sandusky  City,  where 
he  remained  until  1843.  learning  the  boot  and 
shoe  business ;  then  engaged  in  trade  at  Newark; 
from  there  went  to  Cincinnati  and  remained  un- 
til 1849,  when  he  located  in  St.  Anthony,  and  has 
since  that  time  been  closely  identified  with  its 
histoiy  and  growth.  Mr.  "Wensinger  engaged  in 
the  boot  and  shoe  business  here,  renting  for  his 
shop  the  old  Indian  trading  post;  the  year  follow- 
ing built  a  store  and  took  a  partner.  Col.  Spooner 
in  the  harness  trade.  lie  purchased  in  Galena,  a 
stock  of  groceries  and  established  in  connection 
with  that  the  first  bakery  in  St.  Anthony.  He 
afterwards  opened  the  first  shoe  shop  on  the  west 
side  of  the  river :  he  built  the  first  wooden  block 
in  St.  Anthony,  and  the  first  brick  block  on  Cen- 
tral Avenue.  Mr.  Wensinger  always  assisted 
every  enterprise  calculated  to  benefit  the  town, 
and  often  sold  lots  far  below  their  real  value,  in 
order  to  induce  new-comers  to  settle  here.  Has 
been  tendered  several  offices,  state,  county  and 
town,  but  would  never  accept,  owing  to  his  love 
for  his  own  mercantile  business,  and  his  interest 
in  building  up  St.  Anthony.  In  18-58  joined  a 
stock  company  and  built  the  "Fall  City."  the  first 
steamer  buUt  and  owned  by  Mmneapolitans  ;  she 


was  run  between  this  place  and  Pittsburgh  ;  but 
he  lost  S9.000  by  this  investment.  Mr.  Wensin- 
ger always  took  pride  in  assisting  young  men  in 
business,  and  his  generosity  sometimes  caused 
him  severe  losses.  His  wife  by  his  first  marriage 
was  Clara  Swan,  they  were  united  in  1852,  and 
she  bore  him  two  children:  Nellie  and  Nettie, 
(deceased.)  Married  the  second  time  in  1869,  to 
Hattie  Hyde. 

Frank  Wentworth.  a  native  of  Maine,  was  bom 
June  1st,  1841,  at  Athens.  In  1873.  moved  to 
Minneapolis,  and  after  working  about  two  months 
in  the  Empire  mill,  went  to  La  Crosse,  and  was 
with  E.  V.  White  five  years.  Was  afterward 
with  Mr.  Davis  nearly  a  year  in  the  Galesville 
mill,  and  in  September,  1S79.  retxmied  to  this 
city.  Since  that  time  has  been  engaged  at  the 
Standard  mill. 

J.  Werthmann,  a  native  of  Bavaria,  was  bom 
in  1836.  Came  to  America  in  1862.  and  locating 
at  Chicago,  engaged  in  the  furniture  business;  six 
years  later,  removed  to  Winona  and  pursued  the 
same  line  of  business  there  until  1871.  when  he 
came  to  this  city.  Was  five  years  employed  as 
foreman  for  Burr,  Morris  and  Company,  furniture 
manufacturers,  and  in  1878  went  into  trade  with 
ilr.  Sonnen;  they  are  doing  a  lucrative  business. 
Mr.  Werthmann  was  married  in  1870  to  Catherine 
Plasy. 

H.  A.  Westphal  was  born  July,  18-50.  in  Ger- 
many. In  1868,  came  to  Minneapolis,  and  the 
same  year  engaged  to  work  in  the  ice  business  for 
H.  Kreitz;  three  years  later,  Mr.  Westphal  went 
into  the  same  business,  starting  with  verj-  limited 
means,  but  is  now  having  an  extensive  trade.  Is 
also  engaged  in  the  wood  business,  handling 
about  three  tliousand  loads  annually.  His  mar- 
riage with  Christiana  Glitschka  occurred  in  1875. 
Their  children  are  Ida  and  Carl. 

John  West  was  born  in  England.  May  27th, 
1840.  He  moved  to  ilew  York  with  his  parents 
in  1852,  locating  near  Lockport;  he  went  to  Illi- 
nois in  1855.  and  two  years  later,  to  Anoka,  ilin- 
nesota.  In  1861.  enlisted  and  served  until  hon- 
orably discharged  in  1864 ;  was  afterwards 
authorized  to  enlist  recruits  for  Battery  E.  Firet 
Minnesota  Heavy  Artillery,  and  commissioned 
second  lieutenant  of  the  battery,  and  ordered  to 
Tennessee;  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  and 
mustered  out  in  September,  1865.    Bought  a  farm 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


657 


in  Riclifleld  and  lived  there  until  1872,  wlien  he 
came  to  this  city  and  the  next  year  entered  the 
police  force  as  patrol  and  was  promoted  to  his 
present  position  as  sergeant.  In  1865  he  married 
Agnes  Better,  who  has  borne  him  five  children; 
the  four  living  are:  Rose,  Kate,  Mary  and   Lilly. 

Andrew  Gustavus  Westling,  lay  preacher  at 
Bethlehem  Church,  was  bom  in  Sweden  June 
16th,  1823.  Coming  to  America  in  1873,  he  set- 
tled at  Lake  City.  Minnesota,  where  he  remained 
until  the  fall  of  1879.  He  then  came  to  Minne- 
apolis, and  has  since  remained  here.  His  eldest 
son,  Peter  G.,  is  a  ministeratPuhith,  Minnesota. 

L.  J.  Westling,  a  native  of  Sweden,  was  born 
July  4tli,  1858.  He  accompanied  his  parents  to 
America  in  1873,  and  settled  at  Lake  City;  was 
employed  a  number  of  years  there  and  at  Red 
Wing  as  moulder.  In  1879,  came  to  Minneapolis, 
and  is  now  engaged  in  moulding  for  the  Union 
Iron  Works. 

E.  B.  West  was  born  at  Pembrook,  New 
Hampshire,  in  1825.  When  nineteen  years  of 
age,  entered  mercantile  business,  which  he  con- 
tinued until  coming  to  St.  Anthony  in  1855;  he 
then  went  into  the  cattle  trade,  and  five  years  later 
started  in  the  sash  and  door  business;  he  was 
afterwards  milling  and  dealing  in  real  estate  until 
1878,  when  he  established  his  auction  and  com- 
mission business  at  221  Washington  Avenue 
south.  In  1860  Mr.  West  had  an  experience 
which  one  would  hardly  believe  possible  for  a 
man  to  survive.  As  he,  in  company  with  others, 
was  about  to  bathe  in  the  Mississippi  above  the 
falls  on  the  east  side,  he  lost  his  footing,  and  was 
carried  over  the  rapids.  At  that  time  the  volume 
of  water  was  much  greater  than  now;  he  was 
swept  over  the  fall  of  thirty  feet,  but  by  super- 
human efforts  kept  in  the  undertow,  which  threw 
him  out  beyond  the  reach  of  the  return  current 
on  the  surface;  finally  he  was  thrown  on  the 
rocks  near  the  Chalybeate  springs,  some  three 
hundred  feet  below  the  fall;  his  body  was  cov- 
ered with  bruises,  but  no  bones  broken.  He  re- 
turned and  surprised  his  companions  who  thouglit 
him  dead.  Mr.  West's  wife,  Mary  Morrison, 
died  in  1873.  leaving  three  children. 

Milton  Whipple,  born  June  9th,  1868,  in  Center 
county,  Pennsylvania.  He  spent  a  few  months  in 
Iowa,  in  1875,  buying  grain  ;  and  afterward  trav- 
eled between  Omaha  and  North  Platte,  selling 


goods.  Returned  home  to  attend  school,  and  in 
June,  1879,  came  to  this  city ;  the  following  Sep- 
tember he  went  to  work  at  the  Northwestern 
mill. 

Edwin  White,  a  native  of  Canada,  was  born 
June  16th,  1831.  In  18-16,  moved  with  bis  parents 
to  Iowa  and  remained  until  1854,  when  he  went 
to  Indiana. '  He  held  the  office  of  register  of 
deeds  of  Decatur  county,  for  four  years,  then  re- 
ceived the  appointment  of  chief  clerk  and  depiity 
treasm-er,  for  the  same  county ;  afterward  was 
elected  city  clerk,  at  the  same  time  serving  as  • 
clerk  in  the  provost  marshal's  office.  In  1866, 
poor  health  made  a  change  desirable,  and  he  went 
to  Ottumwa,  Iowa ;  was  cashier  in  a  bank,  and 
afterward  opened  a  real  estate  and  insurance  of- 
fice. Came  here  in  1870,  and  continued  the  same 
business.  In  1 851 ,  married  at  ^Marion,  Iowa,  Em- 
na  Edkins.  Their  children,  Horace,  William, 
George,  Charles  and  Marcus  have  all  passed 
away. 

William  O.  White,  born  at  Worcester,  Massa- 
chusetts, October  22d,  1835.  In  1850,  went  to 
Chicago,  and  on  arrival  at  that  city  his  whole  cap- 
ital amounted  to  one  dollar  and  twenty-five  cents-. 
He  learned  car  building  with  the  Illinois  Central 
railroad  company,  and  remained  with  them  four 
years;  then  removed  to  Hastings,  Minnesota, 
where  he  was  contracting  and  house  building  un- 
til 1861.  Enlisted  in  December  of  that  year ;  was 
promoted  to  commissary  sergeant,  and  served  on 
the  frontier  among  the  Indians.  December,  1864, 
returned  to  Hastings,  and  worked  nine  years  at 
the  Vermillion  mill.  In  1873,  came  here,  and 
after  working  for  C.  A.  Pillsbury  two  and  one- 
ha  f  years,  removed  to  the  Red  River  Valley  and 
located  960  acres  of  land.  Since  July,  1877,  has 
been  at  the  Minneapolis  mill.  In  1856,  married 
Mrs.  Delia  Kibbe,  who  has  borne  him  one  child  : 
Clarence. 

J.  C.  Whitney  was  born  in  April,  1818,  at 
Springfied,  Vermont.  In  1829,  moved  with  his 
parents  to  Canada,  and  remained  until  twenty 
years  of  age.  He  attended  college  at  Oberlin, 
Ohio,  and  in  1849,  gradirated  from  Union  Semi- 
nary, Hevf  York.  The  same  year  removed  to 
Stillwater,  Minnesota,  where  he  was  pastor  of 
the  First  Presbyterian  church  until  1853;  at  that 
time  he  came  to  tliis  city  and  held  the  position  of 
pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church  here  four 


658 


HISTORY  OF  HEKXEPIN  COUNTY 


years.  In  1857  removed  to  Forest  City,  and  re- 
turned bere  in  ISfiO.  In  1862,  enlisted  and  served 
tlirr-e  years,  was  appointed  quartermaster  with 
the  rank  of  captain.  Returned  in  1865  and  en- 
ga£;ed  in  real  estate  business.  Mr.  Wliitney 
married  in  1849,  Eliza  Bayard.  Tliey  have  five 
children. 

S.  O.  Whiteomb.  a  native  of  Canada,  was  born 
July  24tli.  1856.  Moved  to  Illinois  and  learned  the 
drug  business;  went  to  Iowa  in  1877,  and  was  in 
trade  there  two  years;  May  1879,  removed  to 
Minneapolis  and  is  doing  a  good  business  at  505 
Wasliingtou  Avenue  south. 

Oliver  B.  Whitney  was  bom  at  Stillwater,  July 
23d.  1853.  and  the  following  September,  came 
with  his  parents  to  this  city.  He  attended  the 
public  schools  here,  and  when  twi^nty  years  of 
age  commenced  lumbering.  Worked  for  George 
A.  Camp,  L.  Butler.  Clougli  Brothers,  and  since 
April,  1878,  lias  been  with  Cole  and  Hammond 
as  book-keeper.  In  1875.  married  Pauline  Hyland; 
she  has  borne  him'  two  children:  Gertrude  and 
Henry. 

W,  C.  Wickings,  born  August  3d,  1839,  at 
Boston,  Massachusetts.  He  studied  dentistry  four 
years  at  Philadelphia,  then  removed  to  New 
York  city  and  practiced  thirteen  years.  In  1873 
he  went  to  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  and  followed  his 
profession  there  until  June.  1S80,  when  he  came 
here  and  estahlished  what  is  known  as  the  New 
York  dental  rooms.  The  apartments  are  fur- 
nished in  an  elegant  manner,  and  supplied  with 
all  the  appliances  necessary  for  mechanical  and 
operative  dentistry.  Ur.  AVickuigs  maiTied  in 
1864.  Frances  Long. 

J.  F.  Wilcox,  a  native  of  Ohio,  was  bom  Jan- 
uary 4th,  1848,  at  Middlebury.  Came  to  Mmne- 
apolis  in  September,  1867,  was  employed  by 
Wheaton,  Reynolds  and  Francis  three  yeare  and 
then  admitted  as  a  member  of  the  firm,  Mr. 
Francis  having  retired.  Mr.  Wilcox's  marriage 
with  Emma  Clement  took  place  in  June,  1871. 
Three  children  have  been  born  to  them  :  Harry. 
Archa  and  ilyrtice. 

Martin  Williams,  T.  S.  King's  assistant  on  the 
Minneapolis  department  of  the  '•  Pioneer  Press," 
came  to  the  state  in  the  spring  of  1853.  and  for 
several  years  was  employed  on  the  early  newspa- 
pers of  St.  Paul.  Subsequently  lie  published  the 
St.  Feter  "  Tribune,"  but  disposed  of  it  in  1869, 


and  became  connected  with  the  city  department 
of  the  St.  Paul  •■  Press."  Since  the  absorption  of 
the  "  Pioneer"  and  the  Minneapolis  "Mail  "and 
"  Tribune"  by  the  original  "  Press  Printing  Com- 
pany," he  has  been  associated  with  Mr.  King 
on  the  Minneapolis  department  of  the  "  Pioneer 
Press."  still  retaining  the  position  occupied  for 
several  years. 

David  Williams,  was  born  September  24th, 
1830,  at  Chester.  England.  His  father  being  a 
mUler,  he  learned  the  trade  at  home,  and  in  1865 
emigrated  to  Lower  Can;i  la.  where  he  remained 
live  years.  Then  removed  to  Toronto  remaining 
three  years.  In  May,  1875,  came  to  Minneapolis 
and  was  employed  in  the  Washburn  '•  A "  mill 
for  two  and  one-half  years,  then  engaged  with  the 
Northwestern  mill,  and  for  the  last  two  years  has 
held  the  position  of  head  miller,  ilarried  Miss 
Elizabeth  Lloyd  in  1861.  Their  children  are: 
Edward,  Ever.  Albert,  Walter,  Jessie  and  Maud. 

George  Williams,  was  born  at  Calais,  Maine, 
-March  9th.  1843.  where  he  lived  until  twenty-five 
years  of  age.  His  life  time  pursuit  has  been  in 
the  mercantile  business.  Came  to  St.  Anthony 
in  1878,  and  was  in  the  employ  of  J.  H.  Chase  a 
few  months  when  he  accepted  his  present  position 
in  the  dry-goods  store  of  O.  T.  Swett,  on  Univer- 
sity Avenue.  His  marriage  to  Etta  B.  Mayo  oc- 
curred at  St.  Anthony,  in  1871.  Their  children 
are:  John  M.,  ^Slary  A.  and  Gertie. 

Henry  Williams  was  bom  in  Chenango  county. 
New  York.  May  28th.  1845.  He  went  to  :Michi- 
gan  with  his  parents  in  1854.  Attended  school, 
also  farmed,  until  1863,  when  he  removed  to  Chi- 
cago, and  two  years  later  located  at  Lake  City, 
Minnesota.  Came  to  Minneapolis  the  next  year 
and  jomed  the  volunteer  fire  department  in  1874. 
In  1877  he  was  appointed  fire  police  and  in  1879 
was  appointed  foreman  of  Hose  Company  Num- 
ber Two  in  the  paid  department,  which  position 
he  now  holds.  Was  married  in  this  citj'  in  1868 
to  Agnes  Ollarra. 

Jessie  T.  Williams  was  bom  in  Guilford  coun- 
ty. North  Carolina.  March  20th,  1822.  He  moved 
to  Wayne  county,  Indiana,  when  very  young,  and 
made  it  his  home  until  1867.  Was  elected  sheriff 
of  that  county  in  1856.  Located  at  Minneapolis 
in  1870,  and  is  now  deputy  sheriff.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1845  to  Anna  Greaves,  of  Indiana.  Their 
children  are:  Ethal  L.,  Laura  and  Estella. 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


fi.59 


S.  M.  Williams  was  bom  in  Cumberland  coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania,  September  IStli,  184o.  He 
came  to  Minneapolis  in  1857,  and  has  since 
made  this  his  place  of  residence.  lie  established 
the  book  and  stationery  business  at  224  Hennepin 
Avenue  in  1863,  and  is  still  located  there.  He 
was  married  in  1879  to  Sarah  Williams  of  this 
city. 

G.  B.  Wilson  was  born  March  20th,  1821,  in 
Washington  county,  Maine.  Came  to  St.  An- 
thony in  1856.  and  engaged  in  lumbering;  has 
driven  an  ox-team  for  twenty-two  seasons  in  the 
pineries.  While  thus  engaged  he  met  with  an 
experience  from  which  he  escaped  with  life  al- 
most by  a  miracle.  While  unloading  logs  from 
the  sled,  he  was  thrown  forward  about  sixteen 
feet  down  a  slope.  Two  enormous  logs  rolled 
after  and  over  him;  fortunately  he  landed  in  a 
crevice  in  the  ground  which  gave  space  for  the 
logs  with  their  ponderous  weight  to  pass  over, 
leaving  him  unharmed.  In  1878  he  erected  a 
building  at  1205  Fifth  street  south-east  which  he 
occupies  as  a  grocery.  In  the  spring  of  1S80  he 
retired  from  the  lumber  business.  Ills  family 
consists  of  wife  and  three  children:  Clara  L., 
Egbert  S.  and  Sydney  B. 

Joseph  P.  Wilson  is  a  native  of  New  Jersey, 
born  in  1822.  He  was  in  the  law  office  of  Silas 
M.  Stilwell,  at  New  York  four  years.  In  1844.  he 
removed  to  Illinois  and  was  agent  for  a  Chicago 
firm,  to  select  and  enter  government  lands  for 
them  in  the  northern  part  of  the  state.  In  1847, 
went  to  the  Mexican  war  and  remained  until  its 
close.  In  April  1850,  located  at  St.  Anthony  and 
engaged  in  mercantile  business.  Was  one  of  the 
commissioners  of  Ramsey  coimty,  from  1851  till 
'54;  he  was  also  in  the  legislature  in  1856.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  constitutional  convention  to 
form  a  state  constitution,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  senate  in  1864-'65.  He  was  one  of  the  origi- 
nal proprietors  of  St.  Cloud  and  Alexandria, 
Minnesota,  and  is  now  interested  in  New  Mexico 
mines,  in  the  vicinity  of  Santa  Fe. 

John  Wilson  is  a  native  of  Scotland,  born  in 
1838.  He  came  to  America  in  1850,  locating  near 
New  York,  on  Long  Island.  In  1801 ,  he  enlisted 
at  Rochester,  New  York  in  Company  E,  Thir- 
teenth New  York  Regiment.  He  participated  in 
many  hard  fought  battles  :  first  Bull  Run,  Siege 
at  Yorktown,  Hanover  Comt  House  and  others. 


He  was  wounded  in  the  seven  days"  fight  before 
Richmond  and  left  on  the  field,  but  was  rescued 
and  taken  to  Washington  where  he  recovered 
and  secured  his  discharge  in  1863.  He  went  to 
Logansport,  Indiana,  where  he  married  Miss 
Lucinda  Young,  July  23d,  1861.  They  came  to 
Minneapolis  in  1866,  and  immediately  engaged 
with  the  Minneapolis  mill,  remaining  with  the 
firm  nearly  twelve  years. 

M.  D.  Wilson  was  born  at  LaPorte,  Indiana, 
May  28th,  1843.  Went  to  Albert  Lea,  ilinne- 
sota,  in  1867.  He  located  in  Miinieapulis  in  1877, 
and  has  since  been  buying  and  selling  horses. 
He  and  liis  partner,  A.  R.  Strickland,  are  now 
projirietors  of  a  livery  and  sale  stable,  at  16 
Wasliington  Avenue  north. 

Newton  II.  Winchell  was  born  in  Duchess 
county,  New  York,  December  17th,  1839.  In 
1858  he  entered  the  University  of  Michigan  at 
Aim  Arbor  and  graduated  in  1866.  He  was  com- 
pelled to  teach  during  his  course  in  college,  and 
thus  spent  eight  years  in  getting  his  education. 
He  was  at  different  times  superintendent  of  the 
public  schools  of  Adrian,  Port  Huron  and  Kala- 
mazoo. He  was  employed  two  years  on  the  state 
geological  survey  of  Michigan.  Thence  he  went 
to  Ohio,  and  in  1872,  was  summoned  to  JMinnesota 
by  the  regents  of  the  State  University.  Accept- 
ing tlie  position  of  state  geologist,  he  spent  one- 
half  of  his  time  teaching,  and  the  rest  in  direct- 
ing the  geological  survey  of  the  state.  In  1878 
he  was  relieved  from  teaching,  and  has  since 
devoted  himself  wholly  to  the  survey,  and 
the  preparation  and  acquisition  of  a  museum. 
Professor  Winchell  was  married  in  1864,  to  Miss 
C.  F.  Innes,  of  Galesburg,  Michigan,  a  graduate 
and  afterwards  teacher  at  Albion  College,  JSIichi- 
gan.  They  have  five  children:  Horace  V.,  I.  C, 
Avis,  Alexander  and  Louisa  L. 

Professor  Winchell  WTote  some  scientific  articles 
for  newspapers  in  his  college  course,  and  others 
since.  The  following  are  of  a  more  permanent 
character  and  are  found  in  the  standard  scientific 
periodicals  of  the  day:  1.  The  Glacial  Features 
of  Green  Bay,  of  Lake  Michigan,  with  some  ob- 
servations on  a  probable  former  outlet  of  Lake 
Superior— American  Journal  of  Science  and 
Arts,  July,  1871.  2.  The  Building  Stones  of 
Michigan— American  Builder,  May,  Jmie  and 
July,  1871.    3.  The  Surface  Geology  of  North- 


660 


jnnioiiY  OF  iiEsyEi-jy  covmy. 


western  Ohio— Proceedings  of  tlie  American  As- 
sociation, 1872.  4.  The  Drift  Deposits  of  the 
Northwest— Popular  Science  Montlily,  June  and 
July,  1S73.  5.  The  Devonian  Limestones  in 
Ohio — Proceedings  of  the  American  Association, 
1873.  6.  On  the  Hamilton  in  Ohio— American 
Journal  of  Science  and  Arts,  April,  1874.  7.  The 
Economical  Geology  of  Cheboygan  aaid  Mack- 
inac, state  of  Michigan— Michigan  Board  of  Ag- 
riculture, Report  for  1873.  8.  Geological  Xot«s 
from  Early  Explorers  in  the  jNIiniiesota  Valley — 
"V'ol.  I.  of  the  Bulletins  of  the  Minnesota  Acad- 
emy of  Natural  Sciences.  9.  Vegetable  Remains 
in  the  Drift  Deposits  of  the  Northwest -Proceed- 
ings of  the  American  Association,  1875.  10.  On 
the  Parallelism  of  Devonian  Outcrops  in  Michi- 
gan and  Ohio— Proceedings  of  the  American 
Association,  1875.  11.  The  Cretaceous  in  Mmne- 
sota— '\'ol.  I.  of  the  Bulletins  of  the  Jlinnesota 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences.  12.  The  Ancient 
Copper  Mines  of  Isle  Royale— Bulletins  of  the 
Minnesota  Academy,  Vol.  II.  13.  Dall's  Obser- 
vations on  Perennial  Ice  in  Alaska — American 
Journal  of  Science  and  Arts,  May,  1881 .  14.  The 
Capriferous  Series  in  Minnesota- Proceeduigs  of 
the  American  Association,  1880.  15.  The  Reces- 
sion of  the  Falls  of  St.  Antliony— Quarterly  Jour- 
nal of  the  Geological  Society  of  London,  Nov., 
1878.  16.  The  Mining  Districts  of  Southwestern 
New  Mexico — Raymond's  Mineral  Resources 
AVestof  the  Rocky  Mountains, 1874.  17.  Tliereport 
of  his  work  m  Ohio,  where  he  sun-eyed  and  re- 
ported on  twenty  of  the  eighty  counties  of  the 
state,  are  published  in  the  Fust  and  Second  Vol- 
umes of  the  Final  Report  of  Newbury's  Survey. 
18.  Since  the  Geological  Survey  x)f  Minnesota  was 
inaugurated  his  scientific  papers  have  been  pub- 
lished in  the  Annual  Reports  of  Progress  of  the 
SmTey,  and  pertain  exclusively  to  the  state.  Of 
these  reports  nine  have  been  published,  to  each 
of  which  he  has  been  the  principal  contributor. 
They  pertain  to  the  geology  and  physical  geogi-a- 
phy  of  all  parts  of  the  state,  and  treat  of  subjects 
of  the  most  vital  importance  to  the  material  de- 
velopment of  Minnesota.  Besides  the  series  of 
Annual  Reports,  he  has  issued  eleven  miscellane- 
ous pubUcations  and  circulars  relatuigto  the  sur- 
vey. 19.  In  1874  he  accompanied  (ien.  G.  A. 
Custer  to  the  Black  Hills,  and  his  Geological 
Report  and  map  of  the  Black  Hills,  published  un- 


der the  auspices  of  the  "War  Department,  com- 
prised the  first  account  of  the  interior  of  the  Black 
Hills  ever  published.  He  discredited  somewhat 
the  wonderful  reports  of  gold  in  the  Black  Hills, 
cuiTent  at  the  time  of  Gen.  Custer's  return;  and 
it  must  be  admitted  that  no  permanent  gold  min- 
ing has  been  established  at  any  point  visited  by 
the  Custer  expedition.  20.  The  State  and  Higher 
Education;  an  address — Bulletins  of  the  Minne- 
sota Academy  of  Science,  Vol.  II. 

Prof.  Winchell  received  the  degrees  of  A.  B.  and 
A.  M.  of  his  alma  mater,  the  LTniversity  of  Michi- 
gan. He  is  a  fellow  of  the  American  Associa- 
tion for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  a  corres- 
ponding member  of  the  New  York  and  Buffalo 
Academies  of  Science,  and  president  of  the  Min- 
nesota Academy  of  Natural  Science. 

Thomas  Wing  is  a  native  of  Canada,  born  July 
otli,  1830.  lie  went  to  Oswego,  New  York,  in 
1848,  and  learned  the  bakery  business.  In  1852, 
engaged  in  the  business  at  Clayton,  New  York, 
thence  to  Chicago.  After  working  in  different 
places  he  located  in  Minneapolis  in  1873.  He 
was  with  Lillibridge's  bakery  three  years.  In 
1876  established  his  business,  and  is  at  present 
at  20  First  street  south.  He  was  united  in  mar- 
riage to  Eliza  A.  Gibbons,  in  1858.  Their  child- 
ren are  :  Seymore  T.,  Clarissa,  NelUe,  Laura, 
Donney  M.,  Thomas  and  Mary. 

Kimball  W.  Wing  was  born  in  1837,  at  Bel- 
grade, Missouri.  At  the  age  of  nine  he  was  con- 
verted, and  at  twenty  united  with  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  at  Gardner,  Missouri.  Reared 
on  a  farm;  at  the  age  of  eighteen  he  em- 
barked in  the  meat  business,  which  he  followed 
tivelve  years,  when  failing  health  compelled  him 
to  retire.  At  the  age  of  twenty-eight  he  was 
married  to  Mary  E.  Kempster  of  West  Gardner, 
Missouri.  In  1867  he  removed  to  Minneapolis  m 
hope  of  recuperating  his  health.  In  187;:  he  formed 
a  partnership  with  il.  D.  Cone  and  embarked  in  the 
real  estate  and  commission  business,  room  No.  1 ,  in 
Harrison's  block  on  Washington  Avenue,  and  has 
since  been  more  or  less  actively  engaged  in  that 
direction.  Mr.  Wing  is  an  active  member  of  the 
Franklin  Avenue  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
is  one  of  its  trustees  and  assistant  superintendent 
of  the  Sabbath  school.  He  has  four  children: 
Weslie  S.,  Willie  E.,  Warren  A.,  and  Mabel  G. 

Hem-y  T.  Whiter  is  a  native  of  Loudon,  Eng- 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


661 


land,  born  1846.  He  came  to  tlie  United  States 
in  1871,  locating  in  Minneapolis.  He  was  em- 
ployed in  the  Cliicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul 
railway  machine  shops  until  August,  1880.  lie 
then  opened  a  saloon  and  billiard  hall  at  1413 
Washington  Avenue  south.  Married  Francis 
Pilcher  in  1866.     They  have  tliree  cliildren. 

O.  G.  Wold  is  a  native  of  Norway,  born  Octo- 
ber 20th,  1852.  Came  to  tlie  United  States  in 
1860,  and  first  located  in  Illinois.  In  1868  re- 
moved to  Grant  county,  Minnesota,  where  he 
lived  on  his  father's  farm  two  months.  During 
that  year  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  engaged  in 
his  present  line  of  business,  that  of  dealing  in  and 
manufacturing  pumps,  etc.  Tlie  firm  of  Reno 
and  Wold  is  doing  a  rapidly  growing  trade.  Lo- 
cated 103  First  Avenue  soutli. 

Jacob  A.  Wolverton  was  born  in  Hunterdon 
county.  New  Jersey,  August  15th,  1832.  He 
went  to  New  York  city  in  1854,  to  take  a  situa- 
tion in  the  wholesale  dry-goods  house  of  Edward 
Lambert  &  Company.  In  November,  1858,  he 
was  married  to  Evelyn  L.  Olmstead.  In  the  fall 
of  the  next  year  they  came  to  Minnesota  and 
have  since  been  residents  of  Minneapolis.  Mr. 
Wolverton  was  connected  with  the  dry-goods 
house  of  Bell  Brothers,  eiglit  years.  Was  also  a 
member  of  the  firms  of  Johnson  &  Wolverton, 
and  Wolverton  &  Baker.  In  1876,  was  appointed 
deputy  clerk  of  district  court ;  he  was  appointed 
clerk  the  spring  following  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  death  of  the  clerk,  Mr.  Jerome.  He 
was  elected  to  that  office  the  next  term  and  held 
it  four  years. 

Charles  II.  Woods,  of  the  law  firm  of  Woods  & 
Babcoek,  is  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  born 
October  8th,  1836.  Received  an  academic  educa- 
tion and  a  partial  course  at  William's  College. 
He  was  captain  in  a  company  in  the  sixteenth 
New  Hampshire  volunteers,  and  served  one  year 
after  which  he  held  a  government  elerk.sliip  for 
three  years.  He  removed  to  Minneapolis  in  1866, 
and  began  the  practice  of  law ;  he  has  been  in 
conthiuous  practice  since,  being  associated  with 
different  lawyers.  The  firm  of  Woods  &  Bal)- 
cock  was  formed  in  1878.  He  was  elected  justi-e 
of  the  peace  at  the  first  city  election  held  in  this 
city,  after  the  charter  was  granted.  He  niani&d 
Miss  Carrie  C.  Rice,  of  Vermont,  in  1862.  Resi- 
dence 33  Tenth  street  south. 


M.  Woods,  of  the  firm  of  Barber  and  Woods, 
is  a  native  of  Montreal,  Canada,  born  Septembsr 
13th,  1853,  and  lived  there  until  twenty-four  jears 
of  age,  the  last  seven  years  being  passed  in  the 
grocery  business.  He  next  engaged  in  the  fur 
trade  in  Manitoba,  in  wliich  he  continued  until 
coming  to  Minneapolis  in  June,  1880.  In  July, 
he  became  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  Barber  and 
Woods,  and  engaged  in  the  meat  business  at  1224 
Western  Avenue. 

John  G.  Woolley  was  born  February  15th,  1850, 
at  Collinsville,  Butler  county,  Oliio.  He  ac- 
companied his  parents  to  Paris,  Edgar  county, 
Illinois  in  1860.  In  1869,  removed  to  California, 
remaining  one  year,  and  in  1872  went  to  Europe. 
He  studied  law  with  Honorable  James  A.  Eads, 
of  Paris,  Illinois,  and  attended  the  law  college  of 
Michigan  University.  He  became  a  resident  of 
Minneapolis  in  1878  and  formed  a  partnership 
and  has  practiced  law  since.  He  married  in  1873 
to  iSIary  V.  Gerhard,  of  Delaware,  Ohio.  Their 
children  are  :     Paul  G.,  Edwin  C.  and  John  Rea. 

James  C.  Worrall  was  born  at  Covington,  Ken- 
tucky, February  Uth,  1855.  He  moved  with  his 
parents  to  Geneseo,  Illinois,  in  1857,  where  he  at- 
tended high  school,  and  graduated  from  Geneseo 
Seminary.  He  entered  the  Union  law  school 
of  Chicago  in  1875,  and  graduated  after  a  two 
years'  course,  at  which  time  he  was  admitted  to 
practice.  He  then  returned  to  Geneseo  and 
formed  a  partnership  with  Senator  E.  C.  Moder- 
well.  They  practiced  as  a  law  firm  until  1880, 
when  Mr.  Wori-all  came  to  Minneapolis  and 
ojiened  an  office  at  27  Wasliington  .\ venue  south. 
His  marriage  to  Miss  Emnia  K.  Lawrence,  oc- 
curred at  Geneseo,  Illinois,  October  3d,  1878. 

R.  W.  York,  foreman  of  Hose  Company  No. 
Five,  was  born  in  Canada  West  February  12th' 
1843.  In  the  fall  of  1850  he  accompanied  his  pa- 
rents to  Kenosha,  Wisconsin,  where  he  attended 
the  graded  scliools.  He  enlisted  in  1861  in  Com- 
pany -'G,"  First  Wiscon.sin  Infantry,  Colonel  John 
C.  Starkweather  ci'nn  111  liuj;.  II'  pirticip  itf^d 
in  the  first  battle  in  Virginia  at  Falling  Waters, 
and  was  honorably  ilischarge;!,  and  re-enlistel 
October  Stli.  1861.  for  tliree  years.  Was  wounded 
at  the  battle  of  Chickamauga.  aft'T  wliich  he 
was  on  duty  as  clerk  of  the  hospital.  In  1864  he 
was  discharged.  R 'mnved  to  .Minnesota  in  1865, 
on  a  farm  near  Maiikato;  two  years  later  came  to 


6fi2 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Minneapolis.  lie  engaged  in  raipentering  until 
1875,  when  he  joined  the  Minnehaha  Hose  Com- 
pany No.  Five.  After  serving  one  year  as  as.=ist- 
ant  foreman  and  one  year  as  secretary,  he  was 
appointed  foreman  in  the  paid  department  by  the 
city,  and  has  held  the  position  since.  He  was 
married  in  1864  to  Celia  A.  Maloney.  They  have 
four  children:  Carrie  E.,  Robert  J.,  Michael  A. 
and  Joseph  F. 

Austin  II.  Young,  judge  of  the  fourth  judicial 
district  of  Minnesota,  was  born  at  Fredonia,  Chau- 
tauqua county,  New  York,  December  8th,  1830. 
He  attended  school  in  his  native  town  and  at 
Waukegan,  Illinois,  where  lie  completed  his 
academic  course.  He  studied  law  in  the  ofBce  of 
Ferry  and  Clark,  of  Waukegan,  and  in  1854  re- 
moved to  Prescott,  Wisconsin,  remaining  there 
twelve  years.  He  was  elected  clerk  of  the  cir- 
cuit court,  liolding  the  office  until  18(i0,  when  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  commenced  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  partnership  with  M. 
II.  Fitch  and  continued  until  the  latter  entered 
the  army.  In  1862  he  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  the  supreme  court  of  Wisconsin,  and  the  same 
year  was  elected  district  attorney.  In  1863  he 
waselected  to  the  senate  for  two  years.  He  came 
to  iliinieapolis  in  1866  and  has  since  been  a  resi- 
dent. He  commenced  his  practice  at  once  in  com- 
pany with  W.  1).  Webb,  the  firm  name  being 
Young  and  \Vel)b.  Soon  after  Mr.  Webb  retired. 
Until  1870  Mr.  Young  was  alone  in  his  profession 
at  which  time  the  firm  of  Young  and  Lowry  was 
formed,  continuing  two  years.  He  was  elected 
city  attorney  in  1871.  He  was  elected  judge 
of  the  Fourth  judicial  district  for  the  full  term 
expiring  in  1884.  He  was  married  in  April,  1854, 
and  lost  his  wife  by  death  in  1868.  He  re-mar- 
ried but  again  lost  his  wife  by  death.  His  pres- 
ent wife  was  Miss  Leonora  Martin,  of  Vermont, 
married  April  9th,  1872.  Edgar  A.  and  Alice  M., 
are  their  children. 

Frank  Zahner  is  a  native  of  (iermany,  born  in 
1835.  He  attended  school  until  he  came  to  xVme- 
rica  in  1848,  locating  in  Delaware.  He  served  an 
apprenticeship  of  three  years  as  a  blacksmith, 
then  remained  two  years  longer.  He  removed  to 
New  Jersey  for  one  year,  thence  to  the  coal  re- 
gions of  Pennsylvania,  and  afterwards  to  St. 
Lawrence  county.  New  York.  He  remained  un- 
til the  spring  of  1871,  when  he  started  west.    He 


arrived  at  Minneapolis  during  the  year,  and  en- 
gaged with  the  St.  Anthony  Iron  Works  Company, 
where  he  remained  until  starting  in  business  for 
himself,  which  he  did  in  1879.  He  passed  three 
years  in  the  army,  having  enlisted  in  the  One 
hundred  and  Third  New  York  Volunteers:  He 
married  Miss  Maiy  Temple,  of  New  York  in  1855. 
They  have  five  sons  and  two  daughters.  His  res- 
idence is  on  Central  Avenue.  His  carriage  shop 
is  located  at  118  Main  street  south-east. 

Nathaniel  Zeron  was  born  in  Upper  Canada, 
October  9th,  1840.  He  came  to  Dundas,  Minne- 
sota in  1862,  and  for  two  years  was  engaged  in 
farming.  He  then  began  worked  for  J.  S.  Archi- 
bald in  the  Dundas  flouring  mills  and  re- 
mained there  seven  years.  He  became  a  resi- 
dent of  Minneapolis  in  1871,  and  was  employed 
in  the  Cataract  mill;  he  has  been  with  that  firm 
since.  He  married  Miss  Lydia  Kelso  in  1874. 
They  have  one  child  :  Cora  M.  Residence  1518 
Twenty-first  street  south. 


CHAPTER  LXXXV. 


PRINCIPAL      EVENTS     CHRONOLOGICALLY     AR- 
RANGED. 

1659.  Groselliers  (Gro-zay-yay)  and  Radisson 
visit  jSIinnesota. 

1661 .  Menard,  a  Jesuit  missionary  ascends  the 
Mississipiti  according  to  Ilerrot,  twelve  years  be- 
fore Marquette  saw  this  river. 

1665.  Allouez,  a  Jesuit,  visited  the  Minnesota 
shore  of  Lake  Superior. 

1679.  Dii  Lutli  planted  the  arms  of  France, 
one  hundred  and  twenty  leagues  beyond  Mille 
Lacs. 

1680.  Du  Luth,  the  first  to  travel  in  a  canoe 
from  Lake  Superior,  by  way  of  the  St.  Croix 
river,  to  the  Mississippi.  Descending  the  Missis- 
sippi, he  writes  to  Signelay  in  1683;  "I  proceeded 
in  a  canoe  two  days  and  two  nights,  and  the  next 
day  at  ten  o'clock  in  the  morning"  found  Accault, 
Augelle.  and  Father  Hennepin,  with  a  hunting 
party  of  Sioux.    He  writes:  "The  want  of  respect 


CHRONOLOGY. 


668 


which  they  showed  to  the  said  Reverend  Father 
provoked  me,  and  this  I  sliowed  them,  telling 
them  he  was  my  brother,  and  I  had  him  placed 
in  my  canoe  to  come  with  me  into  tlie  villages  of 
said  Nadouecioux."  In  September,  Du  Luth  and 
Hennepin  were  at  the  falls  of  St.  Anthony  on 
their  way  to  Mackinaw. 

1683.  Perrot  and  Le  Sueur  visit  Lake  Pepin. 
Perrot  with  twenty  men,  builds  a  stockade  at  the 
base  of  a  bluff,  upon  the  east  bank,  just  above  the 
entrance  of  Lake  Pepin. 

1688.  Perrot  re-occnpies  the  post  on  Lake  Pe- 
pin. 

1689.  Perrot,  at  Green  Bay,  makes  a  formal 
record  of  taking  possession  of  the  Sioux  countiy 
in  the  name  of  the  king  of  France. 

1693.  Le  Sueur  at  the  extremity  of  Lake  Su- 
perior. 

1694.  Le  Sueur  builds  a  post,  on  a  prairie 
island  in  the  Mississippi,  about  nine  miles  below 
Hastings. 

1695.  Le  Sueur  brings  the  first  Sioux  chiefs 
who  visited  Canada. 

1700.  Le  Sueur  ascends  the  Minnesota  Eiver. 
Fort  L'Huillier  built  on  a  tributary  of  Blue  Earth 
River. 

1702.    Fort  L'Huillier  abandoned. 

1727.  Fort  Beauharnois,  in  the  fall  of  this 
year,  erected  in  sight  of  Maiden's  Rock,  Lake  Pe- 
pin, by  La  Perriere  du  Boucher. 

1728.  Verendrye  stationed  at  Lake  Nepigon. 

1731.  Verendrye's  sons  reach  Rainy  Lake. 
Fort  St.  Pierre  erected  at  Rainy  Lake. 

1732.  Fort  St.  Charles  erected  at  the  south- 
west corner  of  tlie  Lake  of  the  AVoods. 

1734.  Fort  Maurepas  estabhshed  on  Winnipeg 
River. 

1736.  Verendrye's  son  and  others  massacred  by 
the  Sioux  on  an  isle  in  the  Lake  of  the  Woods. 

1738.  Fort  La  Reine  on  the  Red  River  estab- 
lished. 

1743.  Verendrye's  sons  reach  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains. 

.  1766.  Jonathan  Carver,  on  November  17th, 
reaches  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony. 

1794.  Sandy'  Lake  occupied  by  the  North- 
west Company. 

1802.     William  Morrison  tradesat  Leach  Lake. 

1804.  William  Morrison  trades  at  Elk  Lake, 
now  Itasca. 


1805.  Lieutenant  Z.  M.  Pike  purchases  the  site 
since  occupied  by  Fort  Snelling. 

1817.  Earl  of  Selkirk  passes  through  Minne- 
sota for  Ijake  Winnipeg. 

Major  Stephen  H.  Long,  JJ.  S.  A.,  visits  Falls  of 
St.  Anthony. 

1818.  Dakotali  war  party  under  Black  Dog  at- 
tack Ojibways  on  the  Pomme  de  Terra  River. 

1819.  Col.  Leavenworth  aiTives  on  the  24th  of 
August,  with  troops  at  Mendota. 

1820.  J.  B.  Faribault  brings  up  to  Mendota, 
horses  for  Col.  Leavenworth. 

Laidlow,  superintendent  of  farming  for  Earl 
Selkirk,  passes  from  Pembina  to  Prairie  du  Chien 
to  purchase  seed  wheat.  Upon  the  15th  of  April 
left  Prairie  du  Chien  witli.  Mackinaw  boats  and 
ascended  the  Minnesota  to  Big  Stone  Lake,  where 
the  boats  were  placed  on  rollers  and  dragged  a 
short  distance  to  Lake  Traverse,  and  on  the  3d 
of  June,  reached  Pembina. 

On  the  5th  of  May,  Col.  Leavenworth  estalv 
lished  summer  quarters  at  Camp  Coldwater,  Hen- 
nepin county. 

In  July,  Governor  Cass,  of  Michigan,  visits  the 
camp. 

In  August,  Col.  Snelhng  succeeds  Leaven- 
worth. 

September  20th.  comer  stone  laid  under  com- 
m&nd  of  Col.  Snelling. 

First  white  marriage  in  Minnesota,  Lieutenant 
Green  to  daughter  of  Captain  Gooding. 

First  white  child  born  in  Minnesota,  daughter 
of  Col.  Snelling ;  died  following  year. 

1821.  Fort  St.  Anthony  was  sufficiently  com- 
pleted to  be  occuiiied  by  troops. 

Mill  at  St.  Anthony  Falls  constructed  for  the 
use  of  garrison,  undeithe  supervision  of  Lieuten- 
ant McCabe. 

1822.  Col.  Dickson  attempted  to  take  a  drove 
of  cattle  to  Pembina. 

1823.  The  tirst  steamboat,  the  Virginia,  on 
May  10th,  arrived  at  the  moutli  of  the  Minnesota 
river. 

Mill  stones  for  grinding  flour  sent  to  St.  An- 
thony Falls. 

Major  Long,  U.  S.  A.,  visits  the  northern 
boundary  by  way  of  the  Minnesota  and  Red 
river. 

Beltrami,  the  Italian  traveler,  explores  the 
northernmost  source  of  the  Mississippi. 


664 


HISTOBT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


1824.  General  "Winfield  Scott  inspects  Fort 
St.  Anthony,  and  at  his  suggestion  the  War  De- 
partment changed  the  name  to  Fort  Snelling. 

1825.  April  -Jth.  steamboat  Rufus  Putnam 
reaches  the  Fort.  May,  steamboat  Eufus  Put- 
nam arrives  again  and  delivers  freight  at  Land's 
End  trading  post  on  the  Minnesota,  about  a  mile 
above  the  Fort. 

1826.  January  26th,  first  mail  in  five  months 
received  at  the  Fort. 

Deep  snow  during  February  and  March. 

March  20th,  snow  from  twelve  to  eighteen 
inches. 

April  5th,  snow  storm  with  flashes  of  light- 
ning. 

April  10th,  thermometer  four  degrees  above 
zero. 

April  21st.  ice  began  to  move  in  the  river  at 
the  Fort,  and  with  twenty  feet  above  low  water 
mark. 

May  2d,  first  steamboat  of  the  season,  the  Law- 
rence. Captaui  Keeder,  took  a  pleasure  party  to 
vrithin  three  miles  of  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony. 

1826.  Dakotahs  kill  an  Ojibway  near  Fort 
Snelling. 

1827.  Flat  Mouth's  party  of  Ojibways  at- 
tacked at  Fort  Snellmg,  and  Sioux  delivered  by 
Colonel  Snelling  to  be  killed  by  Ojibways,  and 
their  bodies  thrown  over  the  bluff  Into  the  river. 

General  Gaines  inspects  Fort  Snelling. 
Troops  of  the  Fifth  Kegiment  relieved  by  those 
of  the  First. 

1828.  Colonel  Snelling  dies  in  Washington. 

1829.  Kev.  Alvan  Coe  and  J.  D.  Stevens, 
Presbyterian  missionaries  \isit  the  Indians  around 
Fort  Snelling. 

Major  TaliafeiTO.  Indian  agent,  establislies  a 
farm  for  the  benefit  of  the  Indians  at  Lake  Cal- 
houn, which  he  called  Eatonville,  after  the  sec- 
retary of  war. 

Winter,  Spring  and  Summer  very  dry.  One 
Inch  was  the  average  monthly  fall  of  rain  or 
snow  for  ten  months.  "\'egetation  more  back- 
ward than  it  had  been  for  ten  years. 

1830.  August  nth,  a  sentinel  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing, just  before  daylight,  discovered  the  Indian 
council  house  on  fire.  Wa-pa-sha"s  son  in-law 
was  the  incendiary. 

1831.  August  17th,  an  old  trader,  Kocque. 
and  his  son  arrived  at  Fort  Snelling  from  Prairie 


du  Chien,  having  lieen  twenty-six  days  on  the 
journey.  Under  the  influence  of  whiskey  or  stu- 
pidity, they  ascended  the  St.  Croix  by  mistake, 
and  were  lost  for  fifteen  days. 

1832.  May  12th.  steamboat  Versailles  arrived 
at  Fort  Snelling. 

June  16th.  William  Carr  arrives  from  Missouri 
at  Fort  Snelling,  with  a  drove  of  cattle  and 
horses. 

Henry  R.  Schoolcraft  explores  the  sources  of 
the  ;Missisippi. 

1833.  Rev.  AV.  T.  Boutwell  establishes  a  mis- 
sion among  the  Ojibways  at  Leech  Lake. 

E.  F.  Ely  opens  a  mission  school  for  Ojibways 
at  Aitkin's  trading  post.  Sandy  Lake. 

1834.  May.  Samuel  W.  and  Gideon  H.  Pond 
arrive  at  Lake  Calhoun  as  missionaries  among  the 
Sioux. 

November.  Henry  H.  Sibley  arrives  at  Men- 
dota  as  agent  of  Fur  Company. 

1835.  May.     Rev.  T.  S.  Williamson  and  J.  D. 
Stevens  aiTive  as  Sioux  missionaries,  with  Alex-, 
ander  G.  Huggins  as  lay-assistant. 

June.  Presbyterian  Church  at  Fort  Snelling 
organized. 

July  31st.  A  Red  River  train  arrives  at  Fort 
Snelling  with  fifty  or  sixty  head  of  cattle,  and 
about  twenty-five  horses. 

ilajor  J.  L.  Bean  surveys  the  Sioux  and  Chip- 
peway  boimdary  line  under  treaty  of  1825,  as  far 
as  Otter  Tail  Lake. 

November.  Col.  S.  C.  Stambaugh  arrives;  is 
sutler  at  Fort  Snelling. 

1836.  May  6th,  "Missouri  Fulton,"  first  steam- 
boat, arrives  at  Fort  Snelling. 

May  29th.    "Frontier,"  Capt.  Harris,  arrives. 

June  1st.    •'Palmyra"  arrives. 

July  2ud.  "Saint  Peters''  arrives  with  J.  X. 
Nicollet  as  passenger. 

July  30th.  Sacs  and  Foxes  kiU  twenty-four 
'Winnebagoes  on  Root  River. 

1837.  Rev.  Stephen  R.  Riggs  and  wife  join 
Lake  Ilaniet  Mission. 

Rev.   A.   Brunson  and  David  King  establish  . 
Kaposia  Mission. 

Commissionei-s  Dodge  and  Smith  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing make  a  treaty  with  the  Chippeways  to  cede 
lands  east  of  the  Mississippi. 

Franklin  Steele  and  others  make  claims  at  Falls 
of  St.  CroLx  and  St.  Anthony. 


CHROKOLOGT. 


665 


September  29th.  Sioux  chiefs  at  Wasliington 
sign  a  treaty. 

November  lOtli.  Steamboat  Kolla  arrives  at 
Fort  SneUing  witli  tlie  Sioux  on  their  return  from 
AVasliington. 

December  12th.  Jeremiah  Russell  and  L.  W. 
Stratton  make  the  first  claim  at  Marine,  in  St. 
Croix  valley. 

1838.  April,  Hole-in-tlie  Day  and  party  kill 
thirteen  of  the  Lac-qui-parle  Sioux.  Martin  Mc- 
Leod  from  Pembina  after  twenty-eight  days  of 
exposure  to  snow,  reaches  Lake  Traverse. 

May  25,  steamboat  Burlington  arrives  at  Fort 
Snelling  with  J.  N.  Nicollet  and  J.  C.  Fremont 
on  a  scientific  expedition. 

June  14th,  Maryatt,  the  British  novelist,  Frank- 
lin Steele  and  others  rode  from  the  Fort  to  view 
Falls  of  St.  Anthony. 

July  15th,  steamboat  Palmyra  arrives  at  Fort  . 
Snelling  with  an  official  notice  of  the  ratification 
of  treaty.    Men  arrived  to  develop  the  St.  Croix 
Valley. 

August  2d,  Ilole-in-the  Day  encamped  with  a 
party  of  Chippeways  near  Fort  Snelling,  and  was 
attacked  by  Sioux  from  Mud  Lake,  and  one  killed 
and  another  wounded. 

August  27th,  steamboat  Ariel  arrives  with 
commissioners  Pease  and  Ewuig  to  examine  half- 
breed  claims. 

September  30th,  steamboat  Ariel  makes  the 
first  trip  up  the  St.  Croix  river. 

October  2Cth,  steamboat  Gypsy  first  to  arrive 
at  Falls  of  St.  Croix  with  annuity  goods  for  the 
Chippeways.  In  passing  through  Lake  St.  Croix 
grounded  near  the  town  site  laid  out  by  S.  C. 
Stambaugh,  and  called  Stambaughville. 

1839.  April  14th,  first  steamboat  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing, the  Ariel,  Capt.  Lyons. 

Henry  M.  Rice  arrives  at  Fort  Snelling. 

May  2d,  Rev.  E.  G.  Gear,  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  church,  recently  appointed  chaplain, 
arrived  at  the  Fort  in  the  steamboat  Gypsy. 

May  12th,  steamboat  Fayette  arrives  on  the 
St.  Croix,  having  been  at  Fort  Snelling,  with 
members  of  Marine  Mill  Company. 

May  21st,  the  Glancus,  Captain  Atchison  ar- 
rives at  Fort  Snelling. 

June  1st,  the  Pennsylvania,  Captain  Stone  ar- 
rives at  Fort  Snelling. 

June  5th,  the  Glancus  arrives  again. 


June  6th,  the  "  Ariel"  arrives  again. 

June  12th,  at  Lake  Harriet  mission.  Rev.  D. 
Gavin,  Swiss  missionary  among  tlie  Sioux  at  Red 
Wing,  was  married  to  Cordelia  Stevens,  teacher 
at  Lake  Harriet  mission. 

June  25tli,  steamboat "  Knickerbocker,"  arrived 
at  Fort  Snelling. 

June  26th,  steamboat  "  Ariel,"  on  thkd  trip. 

June  27th,  a  train  of  Red  river  carts,  under 
Mr.  Sinclair  with  emigrants,  who  encamped  near 
the  fort. 

July  2d,  Chippeways  kill  a  Sioux  of  Lake  Cal- 
houn band. 

July  3d,  Sionx  attack  Chippeways  in  ravine 
above  Stillwater. 

1840.  April,  Rev.  Lucian  Galtier,  of  the  Ro- 
man Catholic  church,  arrives  at  Mendota. 

May  6th,  squatters  removed  on  military  reser- 
vation. 

June  15th,  Thomas  Simpson,  Arctic  explorer, 
shoots  himself  near  Turtle  river,  under  aberration 
of  mind. 

June  17,  four  Chippeways  kill  and  scalp  a  Sioux 
man  and  woman. 

1 841 .  March  6,  wild  geese  appeared  at  the  fort. 
March  20th.  Mississippi  opened. 

April  6th,  steamboat  "  Otter,"  Captain  Hanis 
arrived.  Kaboka,  an  old  chief  of  Lake  Calhoun 
band,  killed  by  Chippewa)  s. 

May  24th,  Sioux  attack  Chippeways  at  Lake 
Pokeguma,  of  Snake  river.  Methodist  mission 
moved  from  Kaposia  to  Red  Rock,  Rev.  B.  F. 
Kavenaugh,  superintendent. 

November  1st,  Father  Galtier  completes  the 
log  chapel  of  St.  Paul,  which  gave  tlie  name  to 
the  capital  of  Minnesota.  Rev.  Augustin  Rav- 
oux  aiTives. 

1842.  July,  the  Chippeways  attack  the  Kapo- 
sia Sioux. 

1843.  Stillwater  laid  out.  Ayer,  Spencer  and 
Ely  establish  a  Chippewa  mission  at  Red  lake. 

July  15th,  Thomas  Longley,  brother-in-law  of 
Rev.  S.  R.  Riggs,  drowned  at  Traverse  des  Sioux 
mission  station. 

1844.  August,  Captain  Allen  with  fifty  dra- 
goons marches  from  Fort  Des  Moines  through 
southwestern  Minnesota  and  on  the  10th  of  Sep- 
tember reaches  the  Big  Sioux  river.  Sisseton 
war  party  kill  an  American  named  Watson,  driv- 
ing cattle  to  Fort  Snelling. 


666 


HISTOEY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


1845.  June  25th,  Captain  Sumner  reaches 
Traverse  des  Sioux,  and  proceeding  northward 
arrested  three  of  the  murderers  of  AVatson. 

1846.  Dr.  Williamson,  Sioux  missionary',  moves 
from  Lac-qui-parle  to  Kaposia.  ilarch  31st, 
steamboat  Lynx.  Captain  Atchison,  anives  at 
Fort  Snelling. 

1847.  St.  Croix  county,  Wisconsin,  organized, 
Stillwater  the  county  seat.  Harriet  E.  Bishop 
establishes  a  school  at  St.  Paul.  Saw  mills  be- 
gim  at  St.  Anthony  falls. 

August,  Commissioners  Yerplauck  and  Henry 
M.  Eice  make  treaties  with  the  Chippeways  at 
Fon  du  Lac  and  Leech  Lake.  The  town  of  St. 
Paul  sun-eyed,  platted,  and  recorded  in  the  St. 
Croix  county  register  of  deeds  office. 

1848.  Henry  H.  Sibley,  delegate  to  congress 
from  Wisconsin  territoiy. 

May  29th,  AVisconsin  admitted,  lea\'lng  ilinne- 
sota  (with  its  present  boundaries)  without  a  gov- 
ernment. 

August  26th,  "Stillwater  convention"  held  to 
take  measures  for  a  separate  territorial  organiza- 
tion. 

October  30th,  H.  H.  Sibley  elected  delegate  to 
congress. 

1849.  ;March,  Act  of  congress  creating  Minne- 
sota territory. 

April  9th. ■■Highland Mar}.""  Captain  Atchison, 
arrives  at  St.  Paul. 

April  18th.  James  M.  Goodhue  anives  at  St. 
Paul  with  first  newspaper  press. 

May  27th,  Gov.  Alexander  Eamsey  arrives  at 
^lendota. 

June  1st,  Gov.  Ramsey  issues  proclamation  de- 
claring the  territoi-j-  duly  organized. 

August  1st.  H.  H.  Sibley  elected  delegate  to  con- 
gress for  Minnesota. 

September  3d.  First  legislature  convened. 

Xovember,  First  Presbyterian  church.  St.  Paul, 
organized. 

December,  first  literary  address  at  falls  of  St. 
Anthony. 

1850.  Januan-  1st.  Historical  Society  meeting. 
June  lull.  Indian  council  at  Fort  Snelling. 
June  14lh,  Steamer  Governor  Eamsey  makes 

first  trip  above  Falls  of  St.  Anthony. 

June  26th.  the  Anthony  Wayne  reaches  the 
Falls  of  !^t  Anthony. 

July  18th,  Steamboat  Anthony  Wayne  ascends 


the  ilinnesota  to  the  vicinitj-  of  Traverse  des 
Sioux. 

July  2oth,  Steamboat  Yankee  goes  beyond 
Blue  Earth  River. 

September,  H.  H.  Sibley  elected  delegate  to 
congress. 

October,  Fredi'ika  Bremer,  Swedish  novelist, 
visits  Miimesota. 

Xovember,  the  Dakotah  Friend,  a  monthly 
paper,  appeared. 

December,  Colonel  D.  A.  Eobertson  establishes 
Minnesota  Democrat. 

December  26th.  first  public  Thanksgiving  day. 

1851.  May.  St  Anthony  Express  newspaper 
began  its  career. 

July,  treat)-  concluded  with  the  Sioux  at  Trav- 
erse des  Sioux. 

July,  Eev,  Robei-t  Hopkins,  Sioux  missionary-, 
drowned. 

August,  treaty  concluded  with  the  Sioux  at 
Mankato. 

September  19th,  the  Minnesotian,  of  St.  Paul, 
edited  by  J.  P.  Owens,  appeared. 

^s^ovember,  Jerome  Fuller,  chief  justice  in  place 
of  Aaron  Goodrich,  arrives. 

December  ISth,  Thanksgi\'ing  day. 

1852.  Hennepin  county  created. 

February  14th,  Dr.  Rae,  Arctic  explorer,  arrives 
at  St.  Paul  with  dog  train. 

May  14th,  land  slide  at  Stillwater. 

August,  -las.  M.  Goodhue,  pioneer  editor,  dies. 

Xovember,  Yuhazee,  an  Indian,  convicted  of 
murder. 

18-53.  April  27th,  Chippeways  and  Sioux  fight 
in  streets  of  St.  Paul.  Governor  Willis  A.  Gor- 
man succeeds  Governor  Ramsey. 

October,  Henr>-  M.  Rice  elected  delegate  to 
congress.     The  capitol  building  completed. 

1854.  March  3d,  Presbyterian  mission  house 
near  Lac-qui-parle  burned. 

June  8th.  gieat  excursion  from  Chicago  to  St. 
Paul  and  St.  Anthony  Falls. 

December  27lh,  Yuhazee.  the  Indian,  hung  at 
St.  Paul. 

1855.  Januan'.  First  bridge  over  Mississippi 
completed  at  Falls  of  St.  Anthony. 

October.    H.  'M.  Rice  re-elected  to  congress. 

December  12th.  James  Stewart  arrives  in  St. 
Paul  direct  from  Arctic  regions,  with  relics  of 
Sir-  John  Frankhn. 


CHRONOLOGY. 


667 


1856.  Erection  of  State  University  building 
was  begun. 

18-57.  Congress  passes  an  act  authorizing  peo- 
ple of  Minnesota  to  vote  for  a  constitution. 

Marcli.  Inkpadootah  slaughters  settlers  in 
South-west  Minnesota. 

Governor  Samuel  Medary  succeeds  Governor 
W.  A.  Gorman. 

March  5th.  Land-grant  by  congress  for  rail- 
ways. 

April  27th.  Special  session  of  legislature  con- 
venes. 

July.  On  second  Monday  convention  to  form 
a  constitution  assembles  at  Capitol. 

October  13th.  Election  for  state  officers,  and 
ratifying  of  the  constitution. 

H.  II.  Sibley  first  governor  under  the  state  con- 
stitution. 

December.  On  first  Wednesday,  first  state  leg- 
islature assembles. 

December.  Henry  M.  Rice  and  James  Shields 
elected  United  States  senators. 

185S.  April  15th.  People  approve  act  of  leg- 
islature loaning  the  public  credit  for  five  millions 
of  dollars  to  certain  railway  companies. 

May  11th.  Minnesota  becomes  one  of  the 
United  States  of  America. 

Jmie  2nd.  Adjourned  meeting  of  legislature 
held. 

November.  Supreme  court  of  state  orders 
Governor  Sibley  to  issue  railroad  bonds. 

December.  Governor  Sibley  declares  the  bonds 
a  failure. 

1859.    Normal  school  law  passed. 

June.  Burbank  and  Company  place  the  first 
steamboat  on  Red  River  of  the  North. 

August.  Bishop  T.  L.  Grace  arrived  at  St. 
Paul. 

1859.  October  llth,  state  election,  Alexander 
Ramsey  chosen  Governor. 

1860.  March  23d,  Anna  Bilanski  hung  at  St. 
Paul  for  the  murder  of  her  husband,  the  first 
white  person  executed  in  Minnesota. 

August  9th,  telegraph  line  completed  to  St. 
Paul. 

1861.  April  llth,  Gov.  Ramsey  calls  upon  pres- 
dentin  Washington  and  offers  a  regiment  of  vol- 
unteers. 

June  21st,  First  Minnesota  Regiment,  Col.  W. 
A.  Gorman  leaves  for  Washington. 


July  21st,  First  Minnesota  in  battle  of  Bull 
Run. 

October  13th.  Second  Miimesota  Infantry,  Col. 
II.  P.  Van  Cleve  leaves  Fort  Snelling. 

November  16th,  Third  Minnesota  Infantry,  II. 
C.  Lester  go  to  seat  of  war. 

1862.  January  19th,  Second  Minnesota  in  bat- 
tle at  Mill  Spring  Kentucky. 

April  6th,  First  Minnesota  Batteiy,  Captain 
Munch,  at  Pittsburgh  Landing. 

April  21st,  Second  Minnesota  Battery,  goes  to 
seat  of  war. 

April  21st,  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry  Volun 
teers,  Col.  J.  B.  Sanlwrn  leaves  Fort  Snelling. 

May  13tli,  Fifth  Regiment  \^olunteers  Col.  Bor- 
gensrode  leaves  for  the  seat  of  war. 

May  28th,  Second,  Fourth  and  Fifth  in  battle 
near  Corinth,  Mississippi. 

May  31st,  First  Minnesota  in  battle  at  Fair 
Oaks,  Virginia.  ^ 

June  29th,  First  Minnesota  in  battle  at  Savage 
Station. 

June  30th,  First  Minnesota  in  battle  near  Wil- 
lis' Church. 

July  1 ,  First  Minnesota  in  battle  at  Malvern  Hill. 

August,  Sixth  Regiment  Col.  Crooks  organized. 

August,  Seventh  Regiment,  Col.  Miller  organ- 
ized. 

August.  Eighth  Regiment  Col.  Thomas  organ- 
ized. 

August,  Ninth  Regiment,  Col.  Wilkin  organ- 
ized. 

August  18th,  Sioux  attack  whites  at  Lower 
Sioux  Agency. 

September  23d,  Col.  Sibley  defeats  Sioux  at 
Mud  Lake. 

December  26th,  Thirty-eight  Sioux  executed 
on  the  same  scaffold  at  Mankato. 

1863.  January,  Alexander  Ramsey  elected 
United  States  Senator. 

May  14th,  Fourth  and  Fifth  Regiment  in  battle 
near  Jackson,  Mississippi. 

July  2d,  First  Minnesota  Infantry  in  battle  at 
Gettysburgh,  Pennsylvania. 

September  19th,  Second  Minnesota  Infantry 
engaged  at  Chickamauga,  Tennessee. 

November  23d,  Second  Minnesota  Infantry 
engaged  at  Mission  Ridge. 

1864.  January,  Col.  Stephen  Miller  inaugu- 
rated Governor  of  Minnesota. 


668 


HISTORY  OF  SENyFPIN  COUNTY. 


March  30th,  Tliird  Minnesota  Infantrj-  engaged 
at  Fitzhiigh"s  Woods. 

June  6th,  Fiftli  Minnesota  Infantry  engaged  at 
Lake  Chicot,  Arkansas. 

July  13th,  Seventh.  Ninth,  and  Tentli,  with 
portion  of  Fiftli  Minnesota  Infantry  engaged 
at  Tupelo.  Mississippi. 

July  14th,  Colonol  Alex.  Wilkin  of  the  Xinth 
killed. 

October  lotli,  Fourth  Regunent  engaged  near 
Altoona,  Georgia. 

December  7th,  Eighth  Regiment  engaged  near 
Murfreesboro,  Tennessee. 

Fifth.  Seventh,  Ninth  and  Tenth  Regiments 
at  Nashville.  Tenn. 

1865.  Jiuniary  10th,  Daniel  S.  Norton,  elected 
United  States  senator. 

April  9th.  Fifth,  Sixth,  Seventh,  Ninth  and 
Tenth  at  the  siege  of  Mobile. 

November  10th,  Shakpedan,  Sioux  chief,  and 
Medicine  Bottle  exeeuted  at  Fort  Snelling. 

1S66.  January  8th,  Colonel  William  R.  Mar- 
shall inaugurated  Governor  of  Minnesota. 

1867.  Preparatory  department  of  the  State 
University,  opened. 

1868.  January,  Governor  Marshall  enters  upon 
second  "term. 

January  1st,  Miimesota  State  Reform  School 
opened  for  inmates. 

1869.  Bill  passed  by  legislature,  removing 
seat  of  government  to  a  spot  near  Big  Kandiyohi 
Lake — vetoed  by  Governor  Marshall. 

1 870.  January  7th,  Horace  Austin  inaugurated 
as  governor. 

1871.  January,  Wm.  AVindom  elected  United 
States  senator.  In  the  fall  destructive  fires  oc- 
casioned by  high  winds,  swept  over  frontier  coun- 
ties. 

1872.  January,  Governor  Austin  enters  upon 
a  second  term. 


1873.  January  7th,  8th  and  9th,  polar  wave 
sweeps  over  the  state,  seventy  persons  perishing. 

Jilay  22d,  the  senate  of  Minnesota  convicts  state 
treasurer  of  corruption  in  office. 

September,  grasshopper  raid  began  and  con- 
tinued five  seasons.  Jay  Cooke  failure  occasions 
a  financial  panic. 

1874.  January  9th,  Cushman  K.  Davis  in- 
augurated governor.  W^illiam  S.  King  elected  to 
congress. 

1875.  February  19th,  S.  J.  R.  McMillan  elected 
United  States  senator. 

November,  amendment  to  state  constitution, 
allowing  any  woman  twenty-one  years  of  age  to 
vote  for  school  officers,  and  to  bs  eligible  for 
school  offices.  Rocky  Mountain  locusts  destroy 
crops  in  southwestern  Minnesota. 

1876.  January  7th,  John  S.  PiUsbury  inaugur- 
ated governor. 

January  12th,  State  Forestry  association  or- 
ganized. 

September  6th,  outlaws  from  Missouri  kill  the 
cashier  of  the  Northfield  Bank. 

1879.  November,  state  constitution  amended 
forbidding  public  moneys  to  be  used  for  the  sup- 
port of  schools  wherein  the  distinctive  creeds  or 
tracts  of  any  particular  Christian  or  otlier  relig- 
ous  sect  are  taught.  J.  II.  Stewart,  M.  D..  elected 
to  congress.  Biennial  sessions  of  the  legislature 
adopted. 

1878.  January,  Governor  PiUsbuary  enters 
upon  a  second  term. 

May  2d,  explosion  in  the  Washburn  and  other 
flour  mills  at  Minneapohs.  One  himdred  and  fifty 
thousand  dollars  appropriated  to  purchase  seed 
grain  for  destitute  settlers. 

1880.  November  loth,  a  portion  of  the  Insane 
Asylum  at  St.  Peter  was  destroyed  by  fire  and 
twenty-seven  inmates  lost  their  lives. 


TOWKSmr  DlBECTOIilES. 


669 


TOAVNSPriP  DIRECTORIES. 


CHAPTER  LXXXVI. 

BLOOMINGTON. 
P.  O. 

Adelman,  M.,  farmer  Richfield, 
Aliern,  David,  fanner,  Riclitield, 
Ames,  Orville,  farmer, 

Bloomington  Ferry, 
Ahem,  Geo.,  farmer,      Richfield, 
Ancel,  J.  S.,  farmer,     Bloomiiigton, 
Bropau,  Margaret,         Bloomiiigton, 
Bradbury,  A.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Buchle,  S.,  farmer,        Bloomington, 
Boeser,  W.,  farmer,       Richfield, 
Bradbury,  J.  H.,  f "mer,  Bloomington, 
Bazley,T.T.,  farmer, 

Bloomington  Ferry, 
Brewster,  Wm.,  farmer, 

Bloomington  Ferry, 
Bailliff,  E.  A.,  farmer,  Bloomington, 
Bailliff,  R.  L.,  farmer,  Bloomington, 
Batcheller,  J.  P.,  f 'mer,  Bloomington, 
Bunker,  F.  R., farmer, 

Bloomington  Ferry, 
Brown,  John,  farmer, 

Bloomington  Feny, 
Brewster,  Martha,  farmer, 

Bloomington  Ferry, 
Beecroft,  John,  farmer,  ]51oomington, 
Couillard,  A.  II.,  f 'mer,  Minneapolis, 
Christian,  Peter,  f'mer,  Bloomington, 
Cummings,  J.  M.,  f'mer,  Richfield, 
Constantine,  C,  f'mer,  Fort  Snelling, 
Cumming,  A.,  mch't  and  postmaster, 
Bloomington, 
Coleman,  11.,  farmer,    Bloomington, 
Cooper.  John,  farmer,  Bloomington, 
Chadwick,  Wm.,  farmer, 

Bloomington  Ferry, 
Cunningham,  II.  D.,  farmer, 

Bloomington  Ferry, 


A. 

S. 

98 

4 

160 

18 

f.4 

•5 

80 

17 

160 

19 

14 

310 

2 

20 

2 

80 

9 

160  15 

148  29 

120  32 

96J  19 

170  21 

163  21 

80  31 

220  5 

80  32 

114  14 

74  1 

80  2 

76  3 

2  12 

16 

50  18 

160  29 

315  6 

119  5 


P.  O.  A 
Cameron,  J.,  ferrymen. 

Bloomington  Ferry,  10  6 
Chadwick,  Robt.,  farmer, 

Bloomington  Ferr>',  SO  32 

Chattell,  v.,  farmer,     Bloomington,  160  17 

Camont,  Aime,  farmer,Bloomington,  150  17 

Dean,  J.  I.,  farmer,      Bloomington,  160  10 

Davis,  James,  farmer,  Bloomington,  132  lo 

Douthwaite,  G.,  frm'r, Bloomington,  120  8 

Dean,  Robert,  farmer,  Bloomington,  160  19 

Davis,  N.  J.,  farmer,    Bloomington,  160  14 

Davis,  T.  W.,  farmer,  Bloomington,  80  22 

Dean,  C.  J.  &  R.  H.,     Bloomington,  160  19 

Ellingson,  S.,  farmer,  Bloomington  Ferry,  300  6 

Gnassir,  J.,  farmer,       Richfield,  40  8 

Girard,  Jos.,  farmer,     Bloomington,  370  17 

Goodrich,  R.,  farmer.  Bloomington  Ferry ,  193  4 

Goodrich,  E.,  farmer,  Rloomington  Ferry,   2  5 

Hanson,  W.,  farmer,    Fort  Snelling,  320    1 

Haeg,  VaPine,  farmer,  Richfield,  480  4 

Hisler,  John,  farmer,    Bloomington,  229  2 

Harford,  E.  J.,  farmer,  Bloomington,  160  10 

Harmon,  H.,  farmer,    Bloomington,  160  15 

Harrison,  J.,  farmer,     Bloomington,  171  16 

Ilaughey,  J.,  farmer,    Bloomington,  75  16 

Hyland,  R.,  farmer,  Bloomington  Ferry,    34  29 

Hopkins,  W.  J.,    "        Bloomington,  121  22 

Ilelmuth,  II.,  farmer,   Bloomington,  80  30 

Haeg,  D.,  farmer,          Bloomington,  80  3 

Ilausler,  V.,  farmer,     Richfield,  80  3 

Harrison,  W.  A.,  "        Bloomington  16 

Kierce,  P.,  farmer,        Riclifleld,  40  5 
Knott,  J.  C,  farmer, 

Bloomington  Ferry,  100  31 
Kell,  Charles,  farmer, 

Bloomuigton  Ferry,  40  31 
Kelley,  R.  II.,  farmer, 

Bloomington  Ferry.  148  32 

Kelley,  J.  N.,  farmer,    Bloomington,  100  32 

Kirk,  J.  II.,  farmer,      Richfield,  80  9 


670 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


p.  o. 

A. 

s. 

p.  o. 

A. 

s. 

Kell.  Will.,  farmer.       Riclifield, 

285 

4 

Schofield,  Z.  IL,  farmer, Bloomington, 

23 

Kelly,  J.  W.,  farmer, 

Tynan,  Thos.,  farmer. 

Minneapolis, 

80 

17 

Bloomiiigtoii  Ferry, 

48 

32 

Thompson,  A.  P.,  "  Bloomington  Ferry 

160 

31 

Keongli,  H.,  fanner,      Bloomington. 

206 

20 

Thomas,  A.  P.,  farmei 

,  Bloomington, 

220 

19 

Linka,  Joseph,  farmf  r,  Fort  Snelling, 

65 

o 

Van  Xess,  G.  Jr.   " 

Minnehaha, 

40 

1 

Layman,  J.  D.,  farmer,  KichneUl, 

277 

o 

Vesey,  Tliomas,    "    Bloomington  Ferry 

341 

4 

Lampman,  B.,  farmer,  :Minneapolis, 

183 

3 

Van  Xess,  Sen.,  " 

Minneapolis, 

40 

1 

Logan,  J.,  farmer, 

Williams.  L.,        " 

151oomington, 

80 

15 

Bloomington  Ferry, 

7 

19 

Wrasper.  Jos.,     " 

Bloomington  Ferr 

y,  «3 

30 

Lampman,  G.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

56 

11 

West,  W.,  farmer, 

Bloomington  Ferry,  40 

32 

Le  Borius,  J.,  farmer,  Jlinnelialia, 

114 

1 

Wren,  L.,  farmar, 

Bloomington, 

126 

28 

McLeod,  W.  S., farmer,  Bloomington, 
MeChay,  S.,  farmer, 

101 

oo 

BROOKLYX. 

Bloomington  Ferry, 

77 

30 

Abbott.  X.  G.,  farmei 

,  Minneapolis, 

80 

25 

McMoii-,  J.,  farmer,      Bloomington, 

160 

31 

Atkinson,  Lewis,  farmer. 

Mahoney,  J.,  farmer,  Bloomington, 

307 

12 

Champlin, 

3 

!Moir,  Mary,  farmer,       Bloomington, 

160 

21 

Archer,  Jas.,  farmer, 

Brooklyn  Centre, 

166 

35 

Moll,  John,  farmer,       Bloomington, 

80 

22 

Bennett,  R.  L., 

Shingle  Creek 

80 

3 

Miller,  E.  B.,  farmer,  Bloomington, 

185 

30 

Brigham,  Levi,  farmei 

,Osseo, 

140 

6 

McAfee,  "Wm.,  miller,  Bloomington, 

1 

Brown.  M.  L.,  farmer 

Brooklyn  Centre, 

66 

9 

Nusser,  John,  farmer.  Fort  Snelling, 

80 

1 

Bragdon,  Alonzo,  far.. 

Osseo, 

120 

10 

Isesbit,  James,  farmer, 

Brown,  H.  M.,  farmer 

,  Osseo, 

40 

17 

Bloomington  Ferry, 

164 

33 

Brown,  M.  M.,  farmer 

,  Osseo, 

40 

19 

Oxborough,  T.,  fanner,  Bloomington, 

180 

9 

Buckholz,  John,  far.. 

Osseo, 

80 

21 

Oxborough,  J.,  farmer,  Bloomington, 

80 

9 

Benson,  A.  IL,  farme 

•,Minneapolis, 

200 

25 

Oxborough,  R.,  farmer,  Eichfielil, 

78 

9 

Bohanon,  H.  C,  far.. 

Brooklyn  Centre, 

84 

28 

Oxborough,  W.,  farmer.  Richflelcl, 

80 

9 

Balfour,  M.G.,carpt, 

Shingle  Creek, 

10 

35 

Oxborough,  M.,  farmer,  Richfield, 

80 

9 

Baker,  E.,  farmer, 

Shingle  Creek, 

9 

36 

Peteler,  JSIarg.,  farmer,  Richfield, 

74 

3 

Browii,  0.  II.,  carpt, 

Osseo, 

o 

18 

Palmer,  J.  T.,  farmer,  Bloomington, 

103 

11 

Benson,  C.  H., farmer 

,  Minneapolis, 

40 

25 

Palmer.  W..  farmer,     Bloomington, 

41 

11 

Colton,  D.,  farmer, 

Shingle  Creek, 

123 

11 

Palmer,  P..  farmer,       Bloomington, 

80 

14 

Christianson,  C,  far.. 

Minneapolis, 

38 

23 

Pease,  S.,  farmer,         Bloomington, 

3 

33 

Crosman,  A.  M.,  far.. 

Minneapolis, 

35 

26 

Palmer,  A.,  farmer,      Bloomington, 

411 

20 

Coulter,  A.  J.,  farmer 

Minneapolis, 

146 

32 

Pepin,  M.,  farmer,        Bloomington, 

80 

20 

Crooker,  N.,  farmer. 

Shingle  Creek, 

210 

36 

Pond,  E.  R.,  farmer,     Bloomington, 

50 

22 

Capron,  T.  C,  farmer 

Osseo, 

SO 

19 

Petterson,  P.  M.,  "       Bloomington, 

291 

30 

Curtis.  II. ,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

SO 

17 

Ryan,  Wm.,  farmer,      Richfield, 

120 

5 

Chandler,  E.  II.,  carpt 

.  &far.. 

Ray,  Moses,  farmer,  Bloomington  Ferry 

,    40 

29 

Osseo, 

7 

Ray,  Wm.,  farmer,    Bloomington  Ferry 

160 

30 

Chipman,  S,  farmer. 

^Minneapolis, 

40 

35 

Smith,  J.  E.,  farmer,    ^linneapolis. 

116 

1 

Dexter,  L.  D.,  farmer 

,  Minneapolis, 

114 

26 

St.  Martin,  S.,  farmer,  Bloomington. 

120 

8 

Dibb,  Isaac,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

160 

30 

Slavin,  Pat.,  farmer,     Richfield, 

85 

6 

Dexter,  Z.  H.,  farmer 

Osseo, 

82 

30 

St.  Martin,  E.  S.  "        Bloomington, 

160 

17 

Dorn,  C.  P.,  farmer. 

Brooklyn  Centre, 

58 

34 

St.  Martin,  S.  G.,  '•       Bloonungton, 

80 

15 

Duruam.  J.  M.,  far.. 

Minneapolis, 

142 

36 

St.  Martin,  P.,  farmer,  Bloomington, 

160 

8 

Diirnam,  G.  A.,  far. 

iliuneapolis, 

10 

36 

Standish,  F.  G.,    "       Bloomington, 

80 

16 

Durnam,  A.  B.,  fiir.. 

Minneapolis, 

36 

Stewart  Thomas,  "  Bloomington  Ferry, 

55 

30 

Doten,  T.,  farmer, 

Brooklyn  Centi-e, 

160 

22 

Schofield,Mrs.J.D.,  far.  Bloomington, 

275 

28 

Dunning,  J.  B.,  farmei 

,  Champlin, 

40 

3 

TOWNSHIP  DIBECTORIES. 


67] 


p.  O.  A. 

Eidem,  J.  J.,  farmer,    Chamiilin,  100 

Ecker,  I'hillip,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre.  120 
Estes,  J.,  lumberman.  Shingle  Creek,  lots 
Fernakl,  C.  O.,  farmer,  Osseo,  30 

Felt,  D.  W.,  Shingle  Creek,         lots 

Pletcher,W.II.,farm"r,  Brooklyn  Centre,  133 
Fletcher,  W.  S.,     "      Brooklyn  Centre,      5 
Goodrich,  C.  W.,    "      Champlin, 
Goodrich,  W.  H.,  "      Champlin,  66 

Green,  M.  A.  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre,  120 
Gould,  vS.  J.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre,  -50 
Goodwin,  W.H.,  "  Brooklyn  Centre,  71 
Getchell,  L.  L.,  "  Brooklyn  Centre,  8 
Green,  J.  B.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre,  39 
Getchell,  N.  II.,  "  Brooklyn  Centre,  160 
Green,  A.  N.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Gaslin,  W.  11.,  farmer,  Champlin,  50 

nalverson,01e,  "  Brooklyn  Centre,  20 
Hartkopf,  C,    farmer,  Osseo,  200 

IIutchinson,M.  H.,  "  Brooklyn  Centre,  40 
Hanscom,  E.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre,  140 
Ham,  J.  L.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre,  40 
Hanscom,  F.  A.,  "  Brooklyn  Centre,  20 
Harrison,  C.  W.,  "  Brooklyn  Centre,  100 
Hill,  T.  P.,  farmer,        Osseo,  107 

Howe,  C.  II.,  merchant  and  postmaster, 
Brooklyn  Centre, 
Howe,  Asa,  farmer,       Brooklyn  Centre,     76 
Hall,  B.  C,  clergyman,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Howe,  S.  C,  gardener,  Brooklyn  Centre,  100 
Hauber,  W.  H. ,  farmer,  Champlin,  10 

Harrison,  C.  D.,  f'mer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Jenkins,  N.  II.,  f'mer,  Osseo,  80 

Jentsch,  II.,  former,  Shingle  Creek,  .50 
Johnson,  R.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre,  120 
Johnson,  J.  B., farmer,  Minneapolis,  10 

Johnson,  Peter,  fmer,  Brooklyn  Centre,  53 
Kilmer,  Henry,  f'mer,  Osseo,  260 

Knobel.  M.  Jr.,  f'mer,  Osseo,  160 

Kelly,  O.  A.,  farmer,    Osseo,  42 

Lane,  Samuel,  farmer,  Champlin,  120 

Lockwood,  A.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre,  80 
Lawrence,  L.,  farmer.  Brooklyn  Centi-e,  135 
Locke,  A.  B.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre,  40 
Martin,  J.,  farmer,        Osseo,  20 

Merrill,  Silas,  farmer,   Champlin,  80 

Merrill,  S.  W.,  farmer.  Shingle  Creek,  143 
Moses,  II.  M.,  farmer,  Minneapolis,  200 

Miclielsou,  H.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre,  100 


s. 

4 
22 
36 

6 
36 
33 
33 

3 

3 
20 
21 
28 
28 
28 
28 
20 

3 
16 
20 
26 
27 
27 
27 
28 
29 

34 

27 

27 

34 

4 

2 

6 
11 
23 
25 
31 

9 

5 
17 

3 
26 
28 
29 

6 
10 
11 
22 
22 


Champlin, 
Brooklyn  Centre, 
Minneapolis, 
Minneapolis. 
Minneapolis. 


p.  o. 

Myers,  Hugh,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Myers,  Jacob,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Mickleson,  A.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Munson,  S.  D.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Moses,  T.  B.,  farmer,    Minneapolis, 
Merrill,  S.  K.,  laborer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Merrill,  E.  W.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Normandin,  L..  f'mer,   Osseo, 
iVeddersen,  F.,  farmer,  Osseo, 
Norris,  R.  W.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Norris,  E.  R.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Norris,  J.  \V.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Nomandin,  P.,  farmer,  Osseo, 
Northrup,  F.II.,     "      Brooklyn  Centre, 
Oleson,  T.,  farmer,       Brooklyn  Centre, 
Overrick,  P.  B.,  "         Brooklyn  Centre, 
Pribble,S.  P.,  gardener,  Cliamplin, 
Parker,  A.,  farmer,       Champlin, 
Peterson,  C,  farmer, 
Pomeroy,G.  W.,  " 
Peterson,  T.,  farmer, 
Pickens,  L.C.,     " 
Plummer,  J.  P.,  " 
Potter,  Isaac,  farmer,  Osseo, 
Pineo,  J.  P.,  carpenter,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Pineo,  W.,  gardner,      Brooklyn  Centre, 
Raiche,  P.,  farmer,       Osseo, 
Rathbun,  E.  M.,  "        Champlin, 
Rixon,  Andrew,  "        Shingle  Creek, 
Ritenburg,  Jno.,  "        Brooklyn  Centre, 
Stanchtield,  E., farmer.  Shingle  Creek, 
Schreiber,  P.,  farmer,    Osseo, 
Sampson,  N.,  farmer,   Osseo, 
Smith,  A.  J.,  farmer,    Osseo, 
Smith, G.  II.,  cont'ctor, Osseo, 
Schreiber,  C,  farmer,   Osseo, 
Smith.  II.  M.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Savage,  G.  'W., farmer,  Osseo. 
Schrader,  B.  M.,    "      Osseo, 
Setzler,  George,    "       Osseo, 
Stanchrteld,  W.,    "       Osseo, 
Stucki,  C,  farmer,         Osseo, 
Swanson,  A.,    "  Osseo, 

Smith,  John,     "  Brooklyn  Centre. 

Stevens,  W.,  farmer,    Shingle  Creek, 
Spafford,  E.,  farmer,     Brooklyn  Centre, 
Smith,  John,  farmer,    Brooklyn  Centre. 
Smart,  R.  J.,  farmer,    Minneapolis, 
Tessman,  A.,  farmer,     Osseo. 


A. 
160 
160 
40 
43 
30 


80 
240 
34 
40 
40 
60 
52 
40 
40 
20 
20 
40 
60 
40 


160 

3 

4 

40 

120 

132 

80 

100 

240 

75 

150 

100 

240 

226 

100 

40 

80 

80 

80 

80 

46 

280 

40 

94 

220 

160 


s. 

29 

29 

31 

33 

21 

9 

3 

7 

9 

21 

21 

22 

7 

27 

15 

15 

3 

3 

5 

9 


30 

34 

31 

8 

10 

13 

35 

3 

4 


17 
16 
32 
18 
19 
19 
19 
19 
19 
21 
24 
9 
9 

15 
17 


672 


HISTOBY  OF  HEN2>^EPIX  COUNIY. 


p.  o. 
Thayer,  A.  A., farmer,  Osseo. 
Tomson,L.S.,  farmer,  Brookljii  Centre, 
Thompson,  E.  F.,  "      Jlhineapolis, 
Tliompson,  11.  S.,  "      Brookyn  Centre, 
Tschudy,  J.  J.. farmer,  Osseo, 
Weaver,  Jas.,  farmer,  Champlin, 
AVethern,  Geo..  fanner.Champlin, 
■VA'olter,  C.  farmer.       Osseo, 
Wille,  J.,  farmer,  Osseo; 

Weishaar,  M.,  farmer.  Osseo, 
Warwick.  F.,  farmer,   jMmneapolis. 
Warel,  F.  F..  farmer,  Osseo, 
Ward,  C.  II.,  farmer,    Osseo, 
Weaver.  Dan.,  farmer.  ^Minneapolis, 
Williams,  A.  D..  physician, 

BrookhTi  Centre, 
Wales,  W.  W.  Jr..  farmer, 

Brooklyn  Centre, 
Wales,  J.  W.,  farmer,  BrookhTi  Centre, 
Woodman,  J.  S.,  '■  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Whitney,  H.  P.,  "  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Wyley.  C,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Whitney,  J.  il.,  farmer, Brooklyn  Centre 
AVelker  L..  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Williams.  J.,  real  estate  and  insurance, 

Osseo, 
Wethern  F.,  farmer.  Champlin, 
Zimmerman.  Ahe.,  "  Osseo, 
Zimmerman.  J.  H.,  "  Osseo, 
Zimmerman,  P.,  "  Osseo, 
Zimmerman,  H.,  "  Osseo. 
Zimmerman,  A.,       "    Osseo, 

CHAMPLIN. 

Brander,  Wm..  blacksmith, 

Champlin. 
Brockway,  AV.,  stage  line, 

Champlin. 
Colburn.  S..  farmer,  Champlin, 
Curtis,  G.  W.,  wagon-maker, 

Champlin, 
Coleman,  S.  R.,  blacksmith. 

Champlin. 
Donnelly,  T., farmer,  Champlin, 
Depue,  J.  AV.,  farm  macliineiy. 

Champlin, 
Depue,  John,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Emery  Colby,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Emery,  J.  AV.,  farmer,  Champlin, 


A. 

S. 

17 

61 

27 

80 

32 

75 

32 

100 

6 

400 

o 

95 

5 

200 

8 

120 

16 

100 

18 

220 

24 

130 

30 

200 

32 

40 

31 

43     28 


161 

34 

51 

34 

40 

34 

80 

34 

12 

35 

80 

34 

80 

32 

17 

60 

5 

80 

5 

97 

6 

110 

9 

120 

16 

90 

10. 

100     19 


19 


19 

40 

24 

19 

15 

19 

120 

31 

60 

32 

P.  o. 
Fullerton,  AVm..  carpt. .Champlin, 
Fisher,  W.,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Faber,  X.,  merchant,  Champlin, 
Fullerton,  A.  J., carpt., Champlin, 
Gibson,  AVm.,  laborer,  Champlin, 
Ghostly,  II.,  capitalist.  Champlin, 
Goldsmith.  J.,  wagon-maker, 

Champlin. 
Ilayden,  W.,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Hayden,  D.  W.,  far.,  Champlin, 
Hinckley.  J.  B.,  far.,  Champlin, 
Hastings,  C.  E..  far.,  Champlin, 
Hills.  G.  A.,  postm'er,  Champlin, 
Hunter.  John,  farmer.  Champlin, 
Herrick.  B.  F..  farmer.Champlin, 
Herrick.  J.  \ .  B.,  stone-mason, 

Champlin. 
Herrick.  N.,  carpenter,Champlin. 
Heibst.  II..  merchant,  Champlin. 
Jenkins,  J.  AV.,  far.,  Champlin, 
Kelley,  Henry,  farmer,Champlin, 
Lane,  J.  AV.,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Lane,  A.  P.,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Miars,  G.  D.,  farmer,  Champlhi, 
MiUhollLn,  Jas.  and  John,  farmers, 

Champlin, 
Miller.  O.  S.,  insurance,  Champlin, 
MiUer.  R.  II..  wheelw"t.  Champlin, 
Pomeroy.  J.  B.,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Pribble,  T.,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Pratt,  R.  M.,  miller,  Champlin, 
Reeves,  J.  AV.,  fanner,  Champlin. 
Stockton.  J.,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Smith,  R.S.,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Smith,  W.  AV..  farmer,  Champlin, 
Schmidt,  W..  farmer,  Osseo, 
Smiley,  C.  AV.,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Stockton,  J.  A.,  fmer,  Cliamplin, 
Shumway.  J,,  village  Urts. 
Trussell,  J.  H.,  farmer.  Champlin, 
Thomdike,  F.,  hotel,  Champlin, 
AMIliams.  X.  A.,  fmer,  Champlin, 
Wethern.  H.  Jr.,  fmer,  Champlin, 
AA'alker,  E.  S.,  farmer,  Champlin, 
AVilliams.AV.il.,  "  Champlin, 
AVethern,  II..  r'td  •'  Champlin, 
Zopfi,  F.,  farmer,  Champlin, 

Zopfi,  Matt.,  fiu-mer,     Osseo, 


A. 

S. 

31 

lOJ 

24 

80 

19 

19 

19 

19 

80 

19 

177 

24 

20 

24 

110 

30 

175 

31 

19 

30 

80 

33 

19 

80 

25 

40 

33 

40 

30 

80 

26 

186 

33 

40 

19 

80 

19 

80 

30 

31 

40 

31 

118 

24 

131 

29 

134 

29 

120 

36 

19 

34 

45 

24 

179 

25 

19 

40 

29 

55 

33 

120 

32 

80 

32 

30 

19 

214 

25 

120 

36 

TOWNSHIP  DIRECTORIES. 


673 


CORCORAN. 

p.  0. 

A. 

S. 

Allair,  J.,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

7 

21 

Adcock,  Robt.,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

80 

24 

Bennett,  Wm.,  farmer, 

Osseo, 

120 

3 

Barrett,  P.,  farmer. 

Hanover, 

80 

5 

Barry,  Matthew,  farmer. 

Hanover, 

240 

6 

Biish,  John,  farmer, 

Hanover, 

120 

6 

Brown,  Fred,  farmer, 

Osseo, 

80 

12 

Bingenheimer,  J.,  farmer, 

Osseo, 

80 

12 

Burke.  P.,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

200 

14 

Barry,  Michael,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

150 

15 

Bolduc,  P.,  farmer, 

Dupont, 

102 

18 

Bolduc,  M.,  farmer, 

Dupont, 

80 

20 

Boldean,  J.,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

70 

21 

Boucher,  O.,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

80 

37 

Boyou,  J.,  farmer. 

Dui)ont, 

60 

29 

Boldie,  John,  farmer, 

Dupont, 

85 

29 

Barbeau,  J.,  farmer, 

Dupont, 

80 

31 

Bukosky,  J.,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

40 

19 

Corcoran,  P.  B.,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

640 

23 

Gassy,  Wm.,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

160 

15 

Carpentier,  F.,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

118 

21 

Corcoran,  Thomas,  former. 

Corcoran, 

269 

26 

Carpenter,  Chas.,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

86 

27 

Carpenter,  A.,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

80 

27 

Cassy,  P.,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

80 

30 

Case,  L.,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

40 

30 

Case,  H.  H.,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

80 

31 

Corcoran,  Wm.,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

240 

23 

Cain,  M.  N.,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

160 

14 

Cook,  Robt.,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

121 

4 

Case,  Alvin,  farmer, 

Dupont, 

80 

30 

Daily,  T.,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

160 

o 

Dellis,  Martin,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

120 

7 

Daily  Patrick,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

160 

9 

Dufour,  M.,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

40 

33 

Dayton,  G.,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

rtO 

18 

Dupont,  Joseph,  farmer, 

Dupont, 

240 

19 

Degardins,  J.,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

130 

26 

Daniel,  Dennis,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

80 

26 

Dupont,  S.  E.,  farmer, 

Dupont, 

57 

31 

Dupont.  A.,  farmer. 

Dupont. 

57 

31 

Dorman,  L.  H.,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

160 

32 

Ditzler,  W.,  farmer, 

Lenz, 

80 

33 

Dailey,  Pat.,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

160 

9 

Donnelly,  P.,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

120 

35 

Esterle,  Godfrey,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

80 

1 

Eagan,  John,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

240 

11 

Eagan,  D.,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

50 

15 

P.  o. 

Eagan,  E.,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Fehan,  John,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Fisher,  F.,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Ferrlans,  J.  J.,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Ferrians,  J.  Jr.,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Finn,  M.,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Fitzpatrick,  D.,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Fehan,  Conrad,  farmer,  Osseo, 

Foran,  Mary,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Fitzpati'ick,  John,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Fox,  Mary,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Fox,  Patrick,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Gaurs,  John,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Goven,  Stephen,  farmer,  Dupont, 

Grosnick,  M.,  farmer,  Dupont, 

Gague,  George,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Gold  worthy,  J.,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Gorham,  S.,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Gardner,  J.,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Gague,  Jas.,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Heebner,  John,  farmer,  Osseo, 

Hogan,  John,  farmer.  Corcoran, 

Huot,  E.,  merchant,  Corcoran, 

Hustert,  Theo.,  farmer,  Dupont, 

Hatckler,  Dan.,  farmer.  Osseo, 

Hoag,  Aaron,  farmer.  Ilasson, 

Jubert,  A.,  farmer,  Dupont, 

Kennedy,  John,  farmer,  Hanover. 

Kottka,  G.,  farmer,  Hanover, 

Kluck,  J.  A.,  farmer,  Dupont, 

Keizer,  Samuel,  farmer,  Dupont, 

Keran,  Hugh,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Keran,  O.,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Kearns,  M.,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Kalk,  Michael,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Lange,  M.,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Lafrie,  A.,  farmer,  Dupont, 

Lacrosse,  A.,  farmer,  Dupont, 

Lacount,  A.,  farmer,  Dupont, 

Lynch,  Patrick,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Meaglier,  Margaret,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Meagher,  Mary,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Molan,  Daniel,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

May,  Josepli  Jr.,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

McDonell,  John,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Molan,  Mary,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Molan,  John,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

McKewan,  N.,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Moran,  Joseph,  farmer,  Corcoran, 


A.      s. 

80    15 

160     26 


40 
100 

60 
157 


80 
140 

80 


80 

79 

80 

120 


2 

7 

7 

17 


160     35 

40       3 

160     14 


200 
162 


4 
4 


120  16 

160  19 

80  21 

118  27 

80  33 

100  34 

169  19 

80  28 

80  3 

160  8 

43  21 

80  30 

80  2 

560  19 

98  32 


160  18 

40  21 

160  26 

160  34 

SO  34 

50  8 

159  7 

40  19 

40  22 

80  34 

280  35 


4 

4 
5 
6 

155  10 
160  14 
190  14 
80  27 
160     27 


43 


674 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COVNJT. 


Moses.  xVlbert,  farmer, 
Moran,  F.,  farmer, 
Meagher,  Alice,  farmer. 
May,  John,  farmer, 
Newman,  C.  farmer, 
Noonan,  D.  farmer, 
O'Brien,  W.,  farmer, 
Oswald,  George,  farmer, 
Oswald  Jacob,  farmer, 
Oswald,  George  Jr.,  farmer, 
O'Laughlin,  Pat.  farmer, 
OfBing,  !Jiic.  farmer, 
Oswald,  Charles,  farmer, 
Frebe,  August,  farmer, 
Pomerleau,  J.,  farmer, 
Pontiot,  R.,  farmer, 
Patnode,  M.  Jr.,  farmer, 
Patnode,  Peter,  farmer. 
Petit,  M.,  farmer, 
Pontiot,  I.,  farmer, 
Potviii,  Joseph,  farmer, 
Peters,  Wm.,  farmer, 
Rahell  John,  farmer, 
Eiley,  John,  farmer, 
Eeinking,  Fred.,  farmer, 
Raymond,  Peter,  farmer 
Ryan,  John,  farmer, 
.Ryan,  Ellen,  farmer. 
Ranking,  C,  farmer. 
Rice,  John,  farmer, 
Relke,  Carle,  farmer, 
Sullivan,  John,  farmer, 
Splittstopher,  F.,  farmer, 
Sexton,  C,  farmer, 
Stelter,  G.,  farmer. 
Smith,  L„  farmer, 
Schulte,  H.,  farmer, 
Schuette,  F.  C,  farmer, 
Splittstopher,  D.,  farmer, 
Saurson,  J.,  farmer, 
Saurson,  E.,  farmer. 
Strehter,  Charles,  farmei', 
Schendle,  Chris.,  farmer. 
Smith,  R.  AV.,  farmer, 
Scott,  D.,  farmer, 
Scott,  J.  Jr.,  farmer, 
Smith,  L.,  farmer., 
Shober.  J.  S.,  farmer. 
Short,  Mary,  farmer, 


0. 

A. 

s. 

Dupont, 

70 

31 

Corcoran, 

SO 

33 

Corcoran, 

240 

11 

Corcoran, 

80 

16 

Osseo, 

80 

Q 

Corcoran, 

■  80 

25 

Corcoran, 

81 

4 

Osseo, 

80 

12 

Osseo, 

160 

10 

Osseo, 

160 

10 

Dupont, 

80 

30 

Lenz, 

120 

32 

Osseo, 

80 

12 

Corcoran, 

80 

18 

Corcoran, 

80 

20 

Dupont, 

80 

21 

Corcoran, 

77 

21 

Corcoran, 

166 

22 

Dupont, 

200 

30 

Dupont, 

59 

31 

Corcoran, 

160 

31 

Corcoran, 

160 

36 

Corcoran, 

80 

3 

Corcoran, 

160 

8 

Osseo, 

320 

13 

Dupont, 

80 

20 

Corcoran, 

80 

23 

Corcoran, 

80 

23 

Osseo, 

80 

24 

Corcoran, 

80 

25 

Corcoran, 

50 

8 

Osseo, 

106 

1 

Corcoran, 

160 

7 

Corcoran, 

40 

9 

Corcoran, 

80 

12 

Osseo, 

80 

12 

Osseo, 

150 

13 

Osseo, 

160 

13 

Corcoran, 

40 

10 

Corcoran, 

80 

17 

Corcoran, 

80 

17 

Dupont, 

SO 

IS 

Dupont, 

160 

20 

Corcoran, 

160 

25 

Corcoran, 

126 

29 

Dupont, 

52 

29 

Osseo, 

80 

12 

Osseo, 

120 

1 

Corcoran, 

160 

29 

Unke,  Carl,  farmer,  Osseo, 

Weber.  Jacob,  farmer,  Osseo, 

Wardick,  Jolm,farmer.  Corcoran, 

A\'illiams  T.,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Wier,  Susanna,  "  Corcoran, 

Weinand,  P.,  farmer,  Corcoran. 

Westphal,  A.,  farmer,  Dupont, 

Weir,  M.,  farmer,  Corcoran 

Weber,  C,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Webb,  F.,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Welk,  W.,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Wetnetz,  L..  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Weise.  Chas.,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Weinard.  Mat.,  farmer,  Corcoran, 

Weber,  John,  farmer,  Osseo, 

t'RV.STAL   LAKE. 

Ackerman,  B.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Brown,  W., farmer,       Shingle  Creek, 
Bartlett,  M.  &  L.  L.,  frs, Minneapolis, 
Baumgartner,  F.  S.,  fr..Miinieapolis, 
Bauer,  Peter,  farmer,    Minneapolis, 
Behmen.  M..  fa.mer.    Minneapolis, 
Bohanon,  J.  C, farmer, Shingle  Creek, 
Brimhall,  G.  S.,f'rmer.  Minneapolis, 
Bohanon,  C.  II.,  f'mer.  Shingle  Creek, 
Bonghton,II.  II.,  mill'.  Shingle  Creek, 
Baker,  J.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Baker,  M.,  farmer,        JSIinneapolis, 
Balch,  D.  S.,  farmer      Minneapolis, 
]5urgess.  C.  farmer,      ^linneapolis, 
Buck,  II.,  lumberman,  Minneapolis,    17 
Brookins,  G.  W.,  far.,  Minneapolis, 
Culpitt.  S..  farmer,        jMinneapolis, 
Crandall.  D.,  farmer,     Minneapolis, 
Cooper,  S.  J.,  farmer,    Minneapolis, 
Campbell,  W..  merch't.  Shingle  Creek, 
Clark,  A.  T.,  farmer.    Minneapolis, 
Dutton,  Josiah,  farmer.  Crystal  Lake, 
Downs,  Luther,  farmer,  Minneapohs, 
Dow,  J.  W. ,  farmer.       Shingle  Creek, 
Donaldson.  J.  II.,  far.,  Minneapolis. 
Ellsworth,  D.,  farmer,  Shingle  Creek, 
Furey,  Thomas,  far.,    Minneapolis, 
Faruham,  R.,  farmer,    Shingle  Creek, 
Farnham,  II.  M.,  far..    Shingle  Creek. 
Foegan,  Anna,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Giebeuhain,G.,  farmer,  Minneapolis. 
Gibbs,  L.  W.,  farmer,  Mmueapolis 


80    11 


160 
160 
160 


120 

80 

79 

100 

38 

115 

102 

290 

25 


40 

SO 


106 

20 


120  17 

80  17 

120  17 

80  18 

80  18 

80  5 

160  33 

40  36 

40  16 

140  7 

80  1 


8 

4 

6 

4 

3 

80     18 

38     18 

lots,       9 

lots,       9 

lots,    10 


40     16 
2       4 


80 
119 

82 
171 

13 

64     12 

80     10 


140     17 

270       4 

30      6 


TOWNSHIP  DIBECTORIES. 


675 


P.  O. 
Griswold,  A.  A.,  far.     Minneapolis, 
Geaity,  John,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Gates,  S.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Gibbs,  D.  L.,  farmer,    Minneapolis, 
Gillespie,  Jas.,  farmer.  Shingle  Creek, 
Goetze,  Rudolph,    "      Shingle  Creek, 
Gillespie,  Z.,  farmer,    Shingle  Creek, 
Hommes,  B.,  farmer,    Minneapolis, 
Hopper,M.  D.,  gardn"r,  Shingle  Creek, 
Hopper,  S.  D.,      "        Shingle  Creek, 
Holway,F.  L.,  farmer,  Shingle  Creek, 
Ilynes,  P.,  farmer.        Shingle  Creek, 
Hasty,  K.  H., brick  y'd.  Shingle  Creek, 
Hooper,  Jno.,  gard'n'r,  Minneapolis, 
Harvey,  K.  E..  Shingle  Creek, 

Howland,  D.,  farmer,   Minneapolis, 
Hopper,  M.  R.,  gardnr.  Shingle  Creek, 
Jones,  D.  W.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Johnson,  J.  B.,  farmer,  Minneapohs, 
Johnson,  W.  H.,    "      Minneapolis, 
Kuch,  Phillip,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Kranz,  F.,  farmer,        Minneapolis, 
Kirkwood,  T.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Knight,  Wm.,  farmer,  Shingle  Creek, 
Knight,  J.,  farmer,        Shingle  Creek, 
Kesler,  J.,  gardener,     Minneapolis, 
Kees,  Jacob,  farmer;    Minneapolis, 
Kirkwood,  E.  T.,   "      Mmneapolis, 
Lane,  H.  F.,  farmer,     Shtngle  Creek, 
Libby,  Fred.,  farmer,    Brooklyn  Centre, 
Lane,  F.  S.,  farmer,      Minneapolis, 
Merritt,  Gilbert,  "  Mimieapolis, 

McCausland,E.,  "         Minneapolis, 
McKnight,W.G.  "         Minneapolis, 
McCausland,C.F."         Minneapolis, 
Martin,  Pat.,  farmer.    Shingle  Creek, 
MoiTison,  S.  D.,  brick  yard. 

Shingle  Creek, 
Medcalf ,W.R.,  gardner,Shingle  Creek, 
Murch,  M.,  farmer.       Shingle  Creek, 
Morgan,  W.,  miller,      Shingle  Creek, 
Morgan,T., blacksmith,  Shingle  Creek, 
Mooney,  Peter,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Miller,  John,  farmer,    Minneapolis, 
Malbon,  D.  R.,     "        Minneapolis, 
Malbon,  J.  S.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Martin,  Pat.,  farmer,    Minneapolis, 
Mosher,  D.,  gardner,    Brooklyn  Centre, 


A. 

s. 

62 

5 

200 

7 

160 

8 

80 

6 

80 

12 

4 

3 

108 

12 

.50 

8 

16 

11 

19 

11 

48 

11 

21 

11 

29 

12 

74 

4 

67 

4 

160 

19 

16 

11 

71 

9 

1-50 

21 

120 

17 

200 

8 

120 

17 

80 

9 

66 

10 

14 

10 

60 

12 

120 

20 

80 

9 

40 

2 

20 

2 

40 

o 

300 

5 

160 

5 

21 

72 

9 

136 

10 

43 

12 

15 

12 

25 

3 

24 

3 

15 

3 

60 

7 

50 

9 

100 

5 

15 

6 

136 

10 

119 

3 

P.  o. 
Morrison,  Francis,  lumberman, 

Minneapolis, 
Nash,  J.  E.,  dairyman,  Minneapolis, 
Nelson,  M.,  hotel,  Minneapolis, 

Oleson,  John,  farmer,  Shingle  Creek, 
Ohmen,  N.,  farmer,       Minneapolis, 
Oswald,  H.,  miller,       Shingle  Creek, 
Perkins,  Nancy,  Shinge  Creek, 

Parker,  Alfred,  farmer.  Shingle  Creek, 
Parker,  E.  F.  farmer,    Shingle  Creek, 
Palmer,  E.,  farmer,       Minneapolis, 
Perkins,  E.  A.,  butch'r,  Minneapolis, 
Phipps,  Thos.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Partridge,  T.,  Shingle  Creek, 

Reidhead,  P.W.,  f 'mer,  Minneapolis, 
Reicliert,  Chas.,  fmer,  Minneapolis, 
Reichert,  M.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Einensburg,  E.,  fmer,  Minneapolis, 
Ryan,  Michael,  fmer.  Shingle  Creek, 
Roskop,  John,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Roggerman,  L. ,  fmer,  Minneapolis, 
Roth,  LaSalle,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Russ,  J.  B.,  farmer;  Minneapolis, 
Reeves,  V.,  gardener,  Minneapolis, 
Schuller,  John,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Schaffer,  John,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Swanson,  C,  farmer.  Shingle  Creek, 
Sanborn,  C.  H.,  fmer,  Minneapolis, 
Sanborn,  J.  A.,  fmer,  Minneapolis, 
Shoop,  A.  D.,  Shingle  Creek, 

Shumway,  J.  P.,  fmer,  Minneapohs, 
Stillman,  H.  R.,fmer,  Minneapolis, 
Smith,  H.  K.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Schuller,  Peter,  finer,  Minneapolis, 
Spurzem,  Peter,  fmer,  Minneapolis, 
Smith,  Alice,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Taylor,  B.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Tombers,  N.,  farmer,  Munieapolis, 
Thaxter,  B.  R.  J.,  carpenter, 

Minneapolis, 
Turner.  IT.  G.,  lumberman, 

Minneapolis, 
Taylor,  A.  B.,  farmer,  Minneapohs, 
Wentworth,  E.  S.,far"r,  Minneapolis, 
White,  J.  H.,  farmer,  MinneaiX)lis, 
Wolf,  A.,  hotel,  Minneapolis, 

Wagner,  L.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Witt,  C,  stock  dealer,  Minneapolis, 
Walls,  G.,  mechanic,     Minneapolis, 


40 

10 

40 

5 

23 

7 

100 

11 

140 

20 

17 

3 

93 

1 

110 

6 

110 

6 

120 

6 

5 

10 

30 

2 

10 

12 

80 

1 

80 

7 

40 

18 

90 

9 

120 

10 

80 

18 

120 

19 

83 

21 

8 

5 

11 

10 

102 

7 

160 

9 

15 

2 

108 

5 

60 

15 

11 

70 

6 

105 

16 

80 

17 

240 

IS 

80 

20 

121 

7 

40 

.) 

40 

18 

10     14 


lots 

56 

145 

40 

5 

163 

9 

6 


9 
1 
3 
5 
6 
9 
10 
10 


676 


IIISTOTiT  OF  HEyyEPiy  covyTY. 


p.  o. 
Younker,  C.  farmer,     Minneapolis, 
Zirbes,  ^y.,  farmer,       Minneapolis, 

DATTON. 

Bourgeois.  J.,  farmer,  Dayton. 
Boiilee.  M..  farmer.  Dayton, 
Blondeau.  S.,  farmer.  Dayton, 
Baxter,  John,  farmer,  Dayton, 
Boiilee.  Isidore.  "  Dayton, 
Blesi.  F.,  farmer,  Cliamplin, 

Boudette.  E..  farmer.   Osseo, 
Bibeault,  L..  farmer.    Osseo, 
Bourque.  J.,  farmer,     Champlin, 
Bistedeau.L.-pliysician.Dayton, 
Bolduc,  P.,  farmer,       Osseo; 
Blesi,  John,  farmer,      Champlin, 
Bleis.  Peter,  farmer.     Champlin, 
Brier  J.,  blacksmith,    Champlin, 
Brimmer.  "\V.  D.,  merchant, 

Dayton, 
Bowers,  Mrs.  Nicholas,  farmer, 

Dayton, 
Bold,  F.  I.,  farmer.       Champlin, 
Bowers,  John,  laborer,  Dayton, 
Caron,  C.  farmer,        Dayton, 
Chase,  D.,  farmer.        Maple  Grove, 
Cloutier,  A.,  farmer,     Dayton, 
Clark.  Patrick,  tenant.  Dayton, 
Caron,  Elois,  farmer,    Dayton, 
Cardinal,  Jos.,  farmer,  Maple  Grove, 
Babcock,  Mrs.  Wm..  farmer. 

Maple  Grove, 
Durand,  F..  farmer,     Daj-ton, 
Dahlheimer.  H.,  "         Dajton, 
Dahlheimer.  J.,  "         Dajlon, 
Dehn,  Yal..  farmer       Dayton, 
Downs,  J.  Mrs.,  farm "r.  Champlin, 
Dahms.  A.,  farmer,       Champlin, 
Dunn,  John,  farmer,     Champlin, 
Donnelly,  P..  farmer,    Anoka, 
Dehn,  Frank,  farmer,    Dayton, 
Dubey.  M.,  farmer,       Osseo, 
Dejarlais,  E.,  farmer,    Osseo, 
Dejarlais,  J.,  farmer,  Osseo, 
Dejarlais,  John,   "        Maple  Grove, 
Dejarlais,  G.,  farmer.    Maple  Grove, 
Dugas,  C.  F.,  carpenter, 

Dayton. 
Dahlheimer,  J.,farmer,  Dayton, 


A. 

s. 

80 

19 

127 

4 

161 

9 

133 

9 

124 

9 

149 

7 

140 

6 

116 

26 

46 

30 

97 

29 

20 

20 

27 

6 

40 

28 

152 

27 

116 

26 

YUlage  lots 

Yillage 

lots 

280 

20 

160 

11 

YiUage 

lots 

80 

10 

160 

31 

108 

10 

21 

Yillage  lots 

188 

30 

70 

35 

88 

8 

4-53 

17 

40 

16 

234 

10 

80 

16 

80 

23 

110 

22 

160 

21 

160 

20 

67 

29 

40 

28 

80 

27 

80 

32 

80   81-2 

Yillage  lots. 

46 

16 

p.  o. 
Engel,  N.,  shoemaker.  Dayton. 
Evans,  E.,  postmaster 

and  farmer,  !Maple  Grove, 

Guimont,  C,  farmer,    Dayton, 
Guimont,  E.,  farmer,    Dayton, 
Guimont.  A.,  farmer.    Dayton, 
Guimont,  F..  farmer,    Dayton, 
Godin.  Paul,  farmer.    Dayton, 
Gamache,  F..  farmer.    Daj-ton, 
Genereux.  A.,  farmer,   Champlin, 
Greenwood.  E.,    '•        Maple  Grove, 
Greenwald,  F.,      "        Maple  Grove, 
Guimont,  L.,  farmer,    Dayton, 
Gelinas,  A.,  farmer,       Osseo, 
Gervais,  I.,  farmer,       Osseo, 
Gervais,  B.,  farmer.      Maple  Grove, 
Guia.  L..  lime  burner,  Dayton, 
Gay,  William,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Genereux,  A.,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Ilurlbut.  and  Son,  millers, 

Dayton. 
Hunt,  Timothy,  Jr.,  farmer, 

Champlin, 
Himt,  Bobt..  farmer,  Champlin, 
Hoslie.  Martin,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Hunt,  Patrick,  farmer.  Champlin, 
Hunt,  Timothy,  Sr..  farmer, 

Champlin, 
JuUlett,  Julian,  farmer,  Dayton, 
Johnson,  J. W.,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Kimball,  A.  C.  farmer.  Dajton, 
Kruger,  John,  farmer,  Champlin, 
KimbalUMrs.  M.  S.,  "   Dayton, 
Kimball,  A.  S.,  "   Dayton, 

LaCroix,  Jules,  farmer.  Dayton. 
Lehn,  Mathias,  farmer,  Dayton, 
Lehn.  ilrs.  E..  farmer.  Champlin, 
Lyman,  Thos.,  farmer.  Champlin, 
Lavallee,  W.,  farmer,   Maple  Grove, 
Lavallee.  Dan.,  farmer,  Osseo, 
Lavallee,  Peter.farmer,  Osseo, 
Lassard.  Leander,     '•   Champlin, 
Leger,  H..  farmer  and  cai-penter, 

Champlin, 
Lavallee.  Benj., farmer.  Dayton, 
Labissonier,  G.,        ■•   Maple  Grove. 
Laflin,  F.  G.,  farmer.   Maple  Grove, 
Lewis,  A.,  laborer,       Dayton, 
LavaUe,  D.,  farmer,      Osseo, 


s. 


33  31 

140  9 

80  9 

102  7 
214 
146 


o 
5 

72   6 

80  21 

110  80 

40  81 
70  o 
76  29 
80  33 

41  81 
vW.  lots 

80  15 
80  21 


80 

22 

80 

22 

80 

26 

44 

23 

36 

23 

80 

7 

279 

14 

61 

4 

80 

35 

92 

7 

170 

t 

8 

417 

20 

40 

15 

80 

22 

43 

30 

100 

29 

80 

29 

80 

28 

80 

27 

40 

5 

40 

83 

160 

82 

village  lots. 

72  29 


TOWNSHIP  DIBECTOBIES. 


p.  o, 
Lewis,  Geo.,  laborer,    Dayton, 
Lassard,  Louis,  farmer,  Osseo, 
Mayer,  Clias.,  teacher,  Dayton. 
McNeill,  Neil,  farmer,  Dayton, 
Morin,  G.  E.,  farmer,  Dayton, 
Moore,  Thos.,  farmer,  Cliamplin, 
Murphy,  John,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Maney,  J.,  farmer,        Champlin, 
Morrisette,  G.,  farmer,  Osseo, 
Martin,  H.,  farmer,      Osseo, 
Mclntire,  D.,  farmer,  Champlin, 
McLean,  W.,  teamster,  Dayton, 
Nolan,  M.,  farmer,        Champlin, 
Normandin,N., farmer.  Maple  Grove, 
Normandin,Leon,  •'    Osseo, 
Plant,  C,  farmer,         Dayton, 
Perreaiilt,  J.,  farmer,    Dayton, 
Paul,  X.,  Osseo, 

Paul,  Joseph,  farmer,   Osseo, 
Paul,  Charles,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Powers,  Thos.,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Plant,  L.,  farmer,         Maple  Grove, 
Putrean,  Wm.,  farmer,  Dayton, 
Pelese,  Peter,  farmer,  Champlin, 


Perreusse,  Jos.,    " 
Richards,  J.  O.,    " 
Richardson,  W.,  " 
Raridon,  J.,  farmer. 
Roe,  A.  J.,  farmer, 
Robinson,  E.  IL,  merchant, 

Dayton. 
Sharver,  S.  farmer, 
Sherver,  V.  farmer, 
Strottner,  A.  farmer, 
Stahlberg,  Chas.     " 
Stahlberg,  Chris.    " 
Smitli,  H.  farmer, 
Sehermerhorn,  R.  cooper, 

Dayton, 
Slater,  Geo.  hotel,         Dayton, 
Simpson,  N.  farmer,      Osseo, 
Taylor,  M.  F.  farmer,   Champlin, 
Twombley,  A.  Jr.  "       Osseo, 
Tvvombley,  A.  farmer,   Osseo, 
A'ernaulk,  R.  farmer,    Dayton, 
A^erbonnier,  E.  f'mer,  Osseo, 
Vasser,  Jos.  butcher,    Dayton, 
Venette,  D.  butcher,     Dayton, 
WeUman,  J.  B.  f'mer,  Dayton, 


Osseo, 

Dayton, 

Champlin, 

Champlin, 

Champlin, 


Dayton, 
Dayton, 
Cliamplin, 
Champlin, 
Champhn, 
Champlin, 


A. 

s. 

village 

ots. 

80 

34 

140 

6 

00 

6 

120 

15 

120 

22 

80 

21 

94 

30 

40 

83 

160 

27 

vil. 

lots 

150 

11 

52 

32 

80 

28 

80 

8 

63 

7 

57 

29 

40 

27 

79 

26 

253 

34 

40 

31 

40 

5 

116 

26 

80 

28 

21 

18 

86 

14 

80 

22 

240 

34 

60 

17 

80 

16 

40 

21 

40 

27 

80 

27 

40 

35 

vil.  lots 

vil.  lots 

120 

38 

240 

16 

106 

19 

80 

33 

20 

9 

40 

28 

vil.  lots 

vil.  lots 

■  96 

18 

P.  o. 
Wliite,  August,  f'mer,  Champlin, 
Wild,  Samuel,  farmer,  Osseo, 

EDEN   PRAIRIE. 

Anderson,  James,  far.,  Eden  Prairie, 
Anderson,  Wm.  far.,     Eden  Prairie, 
Anderson,  Arch.  far.     Eden  Prairie, 
Anderson,  Robert,  far.  Eden  Prairie, 
Anderson,  Samuel,  far.  Eden  Prairie, 
Anderson,  J.  11.  far.      Washburn, 
Bryant,  'William,  far.     IMinneapolis, 
Boyington,  Ira,  far.       Washburn, 
Brum,  Wm.  farmer,      Eden  Prairie, 
Bahne,  Joseph,  miller,  Eden  Prairie, 
Brown,  G.  H.  farmer,  Eden  Prairie, 
Brown,  Nathaniel,  far.  Eden  Prairie, 
Brown,  J.  A.  farmer,    Eden  Prairie, 
Brewis,  R.  farmer,        Eden  Prairie, 
Cavanaugh,  J,  farmer,  Shakopee, 
Collins,  Wm.  farmer,     Washburn, 
Cornwell,  George,  far.   Eden  Prairie, 
Clay,  M.  J.  farmer,       Eden  Prairie, 
Clark,  James,  farmer,    Eden  Prairie, 
Cummins,  J.  R.  far.       Washburn, 
Clark,  James,  Sr.  far.  Eden  Prairie, 
Donlon,  John,  farmer,  Washburn, 
Delashaw,  J.  farmer,     Washburn, 
Frederichs,  J.  W.  far.    Washburn, 
Frank,  S.  farmer,  Washburn, 

Feldmann,  F.  farmer,   Shakopee, 
Furgason,  A.  farmer,    Eden  Prairie, 
Gamble,  James,  far.     Eden  Praii-ie, 
Gould,  Aaron,  farmer,  Washburn, 
Goodrich,  J.  C.  far.       Eden  Prairie, 
Geisler,  Frank,  farmer, Washburn, 
Gibbs,  G.  N.  farmer,     Washburn, 
Glenn,  A.  farmer,         Eden  Prairie, 
Ilolasek  Jos.  farmer,    Hopkins, 
Ilulbert,  W.  F.  "  Washburn, 

Hill,  John,  farmer,       Eden  Prauie, 
Ilankins,  G.  V.  "         Eden  Prairie, 
Haiikins,  A.  B.  "         Eden  Prairie, 
Jarrett,  W.  J.  farmer,  Washburn, 
Kuchera,  J.  F.  farmer,  Wasliburn, 
Kurtz,  Anton,  farmer,  ^\'ashburn 
Klinglehoats,  T.   "       Washburn, 
Kruger,  A.  farmer,       Washburn, 
Kempton,  G.  R.  "         Washburn, 
Kopetzy,  Jos.  farmer,  Hopkins, 


A.  s. 
50  27 
95  35 


687  14 

187  14 

230  14 

195  24 

80  36 

78  16 

139i  1 

40  15 

160  22 

10 

200  26 

106.}  27 

163  85 
24 

152  19 

80  21 

150  24 

80  25 

160  25 

820  27 

40  36 

80  8 


100 
228 


40  18 

216  30 

40  32 

IGO  14 

220  20 

160  28 

142  30 

40  20 

80  25 

382  2 

200  8 

138  36 

40  23 

23 

320  8 

185  4 

160  4 

80  18 

60  29 

40  29 

40  1 


678 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


p.  0. 

A. 

s. 

F 

.  0. 

A. 

S. 

Kopetzki.Jolin.farmer,  Hopkins, 

20 

1 

Staring.  M.  S.  farmer.   AA'ashbum, 

40 

30 

Kuchera,  Jos.  farmer, 

"Washburn. 

2U 

5 

Tuckey.  E.  A.  farmer,  Eden  Prairie, 

17526-7 

Kuchera.  J.  Jr.    •• 

Washljiun. 

80 

7 

Tuckey.  Henry.    "        Eden  Prairie, 

90 

26 

Luzeii.  Wm.  farmer, 

■Washburn. 

120 

8 

Tirrell.  C.  B.  farmer,     Eden  Prairie, 

300 

28 

Lapoiir,  J.  farmer, 

Hopkins, 

160 

12 

AVolf .  Jacob,  farmer,     Eden  Prairie, 

120 

26 

Lucas.  John,  farmer. 
Lowell.  II.  E.     ■■ 

Washburn. 
Washburn. 

120 
100 

16 
20 

EXCKJLSIOE. 

LaEhier.  F.  farmer 

Eden  Prairie. 

348 

21 

Austin,  L.  A.  farmer, 

Excelsior, 

18 

24 

Leigh.  G.  T.  farmer. 

Eden  Praiiie, 

360 

35 

Apgar,  A.  E.  farmer. 

Excelsior. 

90 

33 

ilergens.  J.  B.  farmer. 

Washburn, 

83 

6 

Avery,  G.  AV.  boat  builder, 

Excelsior, 

30 

ilomm,  C.  farmer. 

Excelsior, 

194 

6 

Bingham.  A.  M.  farmer. 

Excelsior, 

70 

23 

Moran,  John,  farmer. 

Washburn, 

80 

7 

Bennett,  E.  L.  farmer. 

Excelsior, 

30 

26 

Mitchell.  A.  W..    " 

AVashburn, 

240 

15 

Bickford,  A.  boat  builder. 

Excelsior. 

ilitchell.  S..  farmer. 

Washburn. 

70 

17 

Bost.  T.  fanner. 

Excelsior, 

60 

33 

iiiller.  Fred,  farmer. 

Waslibuni. 

134 

17 

Babcock,  E.  A.  farmer. 

Excelsior, 

120 

32 

Moran.  G..  farmer, 

AVashburn, 

158 

18 

Beeman,  E.  P.  farmer. 

Excelsior, 

140 

34 

Mason.  J.,  farmer. 

AVaslibuni. 

134 

18 

Bonjour.  A.  nurseryman, 

Excelsior, 

16 

35 

Marley,  John,  farmer. 

Eden  Prairie. 

SO 

21 

Bennett,  M.  F.  blacksmith 

McCoy.  Wm.,  farmer. 

Eden  Prairie. 

155 

»70 

and  wagon-maker 

Excelsior. 

Mitchell.  Alex,  farmei 

.  AVashburn. 

120 

20 

Beers.  H.  H..  U.  S.  mail  agt. 

Excelsior. 

2feill.  Aaron,    farmer 

.  Eden  Prairie. 

243 

23 

Burch.  H.  I),  teacher. 

Excelsior, 

10 

34 

Ohm.M.,L.&T..  " 

AVashburn, 

180 

6 

Bickford,  Mrs.  E.   farming 

.  Excelsior, 

32 

26' 

Osterfeld.  Ben.  farmer 

.  Eden  Prairie. 

160 

30 

Cordell.  Simon,  farmer. 

Excelsior, 

172 

36 

Picha.  John,  farmer. 

AVashburn. 

50 

5 

Connor,  D.  hotel. 

Excelsior. 

Picha.  Joe,  farmei. 

AVashburn. 

50 

5 

Clark.  J.  H.  merchant, 

Excelsior. 

Plihal.  v.,  farmer. 

AVashburn. 

80 

6 

Carson.  E.  retired. 

Excelsior. 

Paine.  W.  B..  farmer. 

AVashburn. 

200 

16 

Day,  G.  E.  farmer, 

Excelsior, 

40 

33 

Paine.  John  A.,  farmei 

.  AVaslibuni. 

147 

.7.'> 

DeGroodt,  P.  S.  proprietor 

Paine.  Ezra,  farmer. 

Eden  Prarrie. 

22 

DeGroodt  House 

Excelsior. 

Picha.  John,  farmer. 

Washburn, 

80 

7 

Dennis,  O.  H.  mason, 

Excelsior, 

26 

Kankin.  J.,  farmer. 

AVashburn. 

160 

17 

Dittfacb.  F.  miller. 

Excelsior. 

Kiley.  Matt,  farmer. 

Shakopee, 

320 

19 

Elwood.  .John,  farmer. 

Excelsior. 

80 

33 

Kiley,  Ann.  farmer, 

Shakopee, 

100 

19 

Eddy.  H.  E.  farmer. 

Excelsior. 

160 

32 

Kaguet,W.H..  fanner 

AVashburn. 

243 

21 

Empinger.  F.  J.  farmer. 

Excelsior, 

35 

Eymer,  J.,  farmer. 

AVashburn. 

40 

29 

Ferguson.  AVm.  II.  farmer. 

Excelsior. 

146 

23 

Eeichard.  I).,  farmer. 

Shakopee, 

63 

30 

Fitch.  G.  Engineer, 

Excelsior. 

Eitchie,  P.  P.,  farmer 

.  Eden  Prauie. 

548 

34 

Gibson,  Charles,  retired. 

AA'ayzata. 

131 

13 

Eeimer.  Henry.    •' 

Shakopee. 

60 

29 

Good,  E.  farmer. 

Excelsior, 

80 

25 

Eivers.  Frank,  farmer 

Eden  Prairie. 

349 

21 

Giffln.  E.  I.  farmer, 

Excelsior. 

17 

34 

Schmeidel,  J.  farmer. 

AVashburn, 

172 

3 

Gideon,  P.  M.  fruit  grower 

.  Excelsior, 

150 

28 

Staring,  J.  H.  farmer. 

Excelsior, 

80 

7 

Gifford,  E.  D.  farmer. 

Excelsior, 

80 

32 

Stacy,  W.  11.  farmer. 

AVashburn. 

240 

9 

GifEord,  J.  S.  farmer. 

Excelsior. 

50 

31 

Steenson,  \\'.  farmer, 

Eden  Praiiie, 

200 

15 

Gould,  F.  G.  nurseryman. 

Excelsior, 

20 

Steenson,  S.  farmer, 

Eden  Prairie, 

102 

25 

Gates,  O.  S.  boat  and  liverj' 

Excelsior. 

Starhig.  J.  farmer, 

AVashburn. 

180 

28 

Godley.  P.  G.  merchant. 

Excelsior. 

Stewart,  John,  farmer 

,  Eden  Prairie, 

40 

36 

Gates  and  Dunlap.  boats. 

Excelsior. 

Stewart.  B.  farmer, 

Eden  Praiiie, 

27 

Hilton.  L.  C.  boat  caulker. 

Excelsior, 

95 

21 

Seller,  J.  G.  farmer. 

AVashburn. 

80 

6 

Harney.  AVm.  farmer. 

Excelsior. 

80 

25 

Smith,  S.  farmer. 

AVashbiuu, 

160 

17 

Hathaway,  D.  farmer. 

Excelsior, 

37 

28 

TOWNSHIF  DIBECTORIES. 


679 


p.  o. 

Hazleton,  F.  L.  farmer,       Excelsior, 

Howard,  Silas,  farmer.  Excelsior, 

Howard,  Simeon,  farmer,    Excelsior, 

Hoiby,  A.  blacksmith  and  wagon  maker, 

Excelsior. 

Hay,  Aug.  meat  market^      Excelsior. 

Hunt.  1).  C.  retired.  Excelsior. 

Hempfer,  C.  shoe  shop.        Excelsior. 

Harrison,  J.  J.  blacksmith,  Excelsior. 

Harrison.X.H.boat builder,  Wayzata. 

Hazleton,  C.  J.  farmer,        Excelsior, 

Hopkins,  A.H.  mill-wright.  Excelsior. 

Halsted,  Geo.  B.  lawyer.      Excelsior. 

Jones,  Wm.  B.  merchant.     Excelsior. 

Jellison,  J.  L.  painter,         Wayzata, 

Keith,  H.  C.  carpenter,        Minneapolis, 

Latham.  A.W.  nurs'ryman.  Excelsior, 

Le  Van,  W.  11.  farmer, 

Latterner,  E.  R.  farmer, 

Latterner,  T.  J.  farmer, 

Latterner,  G.  F.  farmer. 

Luce,  R.  K  clerk, 

Latham,   A.   B.   manufac- 
turer of  rustic  chairs, 

McLean,  J.  farmer, 

McLean,  M.  R.  farmer, 

Meaker,  O.  C.  farmer, 

Mann,  J.  W.  farmer, 

Millard,  Henry,  farmer. 

Miller,  J.  F.  farmer, 

Morse,  W.  B. 

Maynard,  M.  M.  hardware 

merchant.  Excelsior. 

May,  C.    Capt.  of  "Hattie 
May,  Excelsior. 

McGrath.R.B.  contractor.  Excelsior. 

Marsh,  L.  F.  foreman,         Excelsior. 

Naab,  Martin,  farmer.  Excelsior, 

Newell,  E.  D.  millinery.       Excelsior. 

Prince,  C.  E.  bookkeeper      Excelsior. 

Page,  C.  H.  Pleasant  Grove  House. 

Excelsior. 

Perkins,  E.  R.  physician  and  surgeon, 

Excelsior. 

Rockwell,  Wm.  boats  and  farmer. 

Excelsior, 

Rohey,  W.  farmer,  Excelsior, 

Solberg,  O.  N.  Excelsior, 

Schroder,  Peter,  farmer,      Excelsior, 


A. 

s. 

13 

32 

.52 

30 

9 

31 

Excelsior, 

40 

Excelsior, 

46 

Excelsior, 

40 

Excelsior, 

120 

Excelsior, 

40 

Excelsior. 

- 

Excelsior. 

Excelsior, 

25 

Excelsior, 

9.3 

Excelsior, 

10.5 

Excelsior, 

13.5 

Excelsior, 

20 

Excelsior, 

120 

Excelsior. 

6.!  32 


34 
20 
30 
35 
33 
33 
33 
32 


34 
34 
33 
32 
32 
32 


.53     31 


33 

34 

71 

31 

12 

26 

58 

36 

.  o. 

A. 

s. 

Excelsior, 

60 

35 

Excelsior, 

50 

34 

Excelsior. 

18 

33 

Excelsior, 

111 

29 

Excelsior, 

75 

32 

80     34 


Stoddard,  F.  J.  farmer, 

Seekler,  .J.  J.  fanner, 

Spaulding,  Z.  D.  farmer, 

Sampson,  W.  A.  farmer, 

Scott,  H.  E.  farmer, 

Sampson,  L.  F.  merchant  and  P.  M., 

Excelsior, 
Stephens,  G.  W.  meat  market. 

Excelsior, 
Simpson,  Wm.  proprietor  White  House, 

Excelsior. 
Sheldon,  C.  B.  clergyman.  Excelsior. 
Slater,  G.  A.  proprietor  of  Slater  House, 

Excelsior. 
Sturgess,  S.  boat  builder,  Excelsior. 
Seamans,  S.  A.  farmer.  Excelsior. 
Turner,  P.  H.  harness  maker. 

Excelsior. 
Thompson,  A.  general  store. 

Excelsior. 
Westlake,  C.  .J.  retired.  Excelsior. 
Wait,  H.  F.  proprietor  of  Excelsior  House, 

Excelsior. 


GREENWOOD. 

Ayder,  Paul  E.  farmer,        Hanover,  80  2 

Ames,  Geo.  F.  farmer,         Rockford,  104  29 

Ahrens,  Lawrence,  farmer,  Rockford,  100  36 

Ames,  Mary  H.  farmer,       Rockford,  SO  29 

Bechtold,  Henry,  farmer,    Hanover,  80  1 

]3echtold,  Wm.  farmer,       Hanover,  80  2 

Bechtold,  John,  farmer,       Hanover,  SO  12 

Bursch,  C.  farmer,                Dupont,  80  13 

Bigler,  Charles,  farmer,        Rockford,  36  16 

Bukosky,  John,  farmer,       Dupont,  80  24 

Bukosky,  Peter,  farmer,       Dupont,  80  24 

Bukosky,  Jacob,  farmer,     Dupont,  80  24 

Bugbee,  C.  L.  farmer,          Rockford,  120  28 

Biskey,  Martin,  farmer,       Rockford,  40  32 

Bowen,  H.  L.  farmer,           Rockford,  40  34 

Bowen,  E.  farmer,                Rockford,  74  34 

Bauer,  Benedict,  farmer,      Rockford,  160  26 

Biskey,  Fred,  farmer,           Rockford,  40 

Biskey,Martin,  Jr.  farmer,  Rockford,  17 

Biskey,  August,  farmer,      Rockford,  40  32 

Currier,  R.  W.  farmer,         Rockford,  160  27 

Cunningham,,Tohn,  farmer,  Rockford,  75  28 

Conzet,  M.  farmer,               Rockford,  160  33 

Guptm,  J.  S.  farmer,            Rockford,  SO  34 


32 
32 


680 


HTSTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


p.  o. 

A. 

s. 

Droneck,  Simeon,  farmer 

Rockford, 

80 

oo 

Dorman,  A.  W.  farmer. 

Eockford, 

160 

36 

Dupont,  J.  A.  farmer, 

Dupont, 

80 

36 

Elliott,  G.  W.  farmer. 

Kockford. 

53 

35 

Florida.  E.  W.  miller. 

Eockford. 

29 

Greehling,  II.  farmer. 

Eockford. 

200 

10 

Guptill.  J.  S.  farmer, 

Rockford. 

180 

34 

Gould,  W.  C.  farmer. 

Eockford. 

80 

28 

Gent.  AV.  o.  farmer. 

Eockford, 

50 

31 

Ilazen.  .John.  Sr.  farmer. 

Eockford. 

160 

10 

Ilarff,  M.  farmer. 

Hanover, 

240 

10 

Hafner,  John,  farmer, 

Eockford, 

398 

11 

Hohenstein.  G.  farmer. 

Hanover. 

200 

11 

Ilohenstein,  A.  farmer. 

Hanover. 

160 

It 

Hafften,  Carl,  farmer, 

Rockford, 

150 

23 

Hall.  W.  W.  farmer. 

Rockford, 

76 

34 

Hazen.  John,  J.  farmer, 

Rockford, 

80 

8 

Hofften.  C.  B.  farmer. 

Rockford, 

160 

15 

Ilebner.  T.  farmer. 

Eockford, 

40 

36 

Jenkins.  Allen,  farmer. 

Eockford, 

159 

27 

Jacobs.  John,  farmer. 

Eockford, 

187 

32 

Kuhne.  August,  farmer. 

Hanover, 

100.! 

1 

Kampf.  William,  farmer, 

Hanover, 

159 

12 

Kottke.  Fred,  farmer. 

Hanover, 

80 

12 

Kenitz,  Wm.  farmer. 

Dupont, 

80 

13 

Kaeeher,  Henry,  farmer. 

Eockford, 

80 

14 

Kalk.  Carl,  farmer. 

Eockford, 

80 

24 

Kruger.  George,  farmer. 

Eockford, 

80 

25 

Kruger,  Gotleib.  farmer. 

Eockford, 

80 

25 

Kuhn,  Joseph,  farmer, 

Eockford, 

80 

25 

Keiser,  Peter,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

80 

26 

Keiser.  Nicholas,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

75 

26 

Kottke,  Gottfreid,  farmer, 

Eockford, 

81 

27 

Liebau,  J.  farmer. 

Hanover, 

60 

1 

Laeffler.  M.  farmer. 

Hanover, 

160 

1 

Luther,  August,  farmer. 

Hanover, 

67 

3 

Lieder,  W.  farmer. 

Hanover, 

80 

— 

Lucien.  JI.  farmer. 

Hanover. 

160 

24 

Ludeski,  John,  farmer. 

Eockford, 

45 

34 

Lewis.  Samuel,  farmer. 

Eockford, 

40 

35 

Lawrence.  Benj.  farmer. 

Eockford, 

40 

28 

Moore,  il.  J.  farmer. 

Eockford. 

80 

27 

Middlebrook.  W.  L.  farmer 

Eockford, 

60 

27 

McLean,  James,  farmer 

and  clergyman. 

Eockford, 

80 

33 

Murphy.  D.  farmer, 

Rockford, 

20 

31 

O'Mera,  John,  farmer. 

Rockford, 

200 

28 

Frebe,  ilartin,  farmer. 

Hanover, 

80 

1 

Patterson,  T.  J.  farmer, 

Rockford, 

100 

27 

P,  O,  A.  S. 

Reich,  G.  farmer,  Hanover,  160  12 

Rutherford,  A,  farmer.  Rockford.  160  23 

Reetz.  Charles,  farmer.  Eockford.  120  25 

Eoberts.  Albert,  farmer,  Eockford.  80  32 

Eoberts,  A,  J,  farmer,  Eockford,  157  35 

Settgast,  Fritz,  farmer,  Hanover,  190  2 

Sipe.  C.  farmer.  Dupont,  159  12 

Sielaff,  Charles,  farmer.  Hanover,  80  13 

Schnappauf,  H,  farmer,  Hanover,  240  J4 

Spitzlase.  John,  farmer,  Hanover,  73  14 

Schauer,  J.  farmer,  Eockford,  92  23 

Schendel,  C.  farmer,  Rockford,  87  23 

Sipe,  Ephriam.  farmer.  Dupont,  80  24 

Sperry,  X.  D.  farmer.  Rockford,  6  33 

SheUey,  G.  "\V.  farmer,  Rockford,  80  35 

Stauky.  John,  farmer.  Rockford,  40  36 

Tesmar.  August,  farmer.  Dupont,  80  25 

Tesmar.  John,  farmer,  Dupont,  80  25 

"S'eilhaber.  Chas,  farmer,  Hanover.  120  2 

AVeinhold,  Wm.  farmer,  Hanover,  120  16 


HASSAN. 


Bartlett,  W,  II.  farmer, 
Burley,  Thomas,  farmer, 
Beaswald,  E.  farmer, 
Bowers,  John,  farmer, 
Barthel.  August,  farmer 
Bursch  August,  farmer, 
Brokhausen,  A.  farmer, 
Billings,  M.  F,  farmer. 
Corbeau.  David,  farmer, 
Cowett,  B.  farmer, 
Curtis,  R.  H.  farmer, 
Curtis,  S.  W.  farmer, 
Curtis,  A.  farmer, 
Curry,  John,  farmer, 
Depeau,  W.  H.  farmer, 
Demars.  M.  farmer. 
Dohlheimer,  J.  farmer, 
Demery,  AVm.  farmer, 
Duman.  Frank,  farmer, 
Huffy,  P.  farmer, 
Drager,  M.  farmer, 
Dirksmeier.  B.  farmer, 
Duman.  Wm.  farmer, 
Ebner,  B.  farmer, 
Elliott.  R.  farmer, 
Ende.  William,  farmer, 
Fox.  Michael,  farmer. 


Dayton, 

Hassan, 

Hassan, 

Dayton, 

Hanover, 

Hanover, 

Maple  Grove, 

Hassan, 

Daj-ton, 

Dayton, 

Hassan, 

Hassan, 

Hassan, 

Hassan, 

Dayto7i, 

Dayton, 

Dayton, 

Dayton, 

Dayton, 

Dayton, 

Hanover, 

Maple  Grove, 

Dayton, 

Dayton, 

Hassan, 

Hanover, 

Dayton, 


80  12 

139  20 

80  23 

120  24 

35  36 

80  31 

91  35 

80  19 

65  12 

80  12 

80  24 

80  19 

40  24 

160  29 

80  12 

160  14 

80  13 

80  14 

80  17 

80  17 

105  36 

60  36 

80  17 
80 

95  20 

200  31 

80  11 


TOWNSHIP  DIBECTORIES. 


681 


Fitzgerald.  N.  farmer, 
Flynn,  Thomas,  farmer, 
riynn,  James,  farmer, 
Fislier  Freil,  farmer, 
Fitzgerald,  Pat,  farmer. 
Ford,  Dennis,  farmer, 
Guiman  George,  farmer, 
Guiman,  Paul,  farmer, 
Gowell,  Samuel,  farmer, 
Gibbons,  T.  farmer, 
Ghostley,  Frank,  farmer 
Gaul,  P.  farmer, 
Ilynes,  M.  farmer, 
Hynes,  P.  farmer, 
Iloag  Aaron,  farmer. 
Henry,  W.  B.  farmer, 
Hawkins,  Jasper,  farmer, 
Hebner,  C.  farmer, 
Ilagel,  Peter  A.  farmer, 
Hagel,  N.  farmer, 
Hawkins,  H.  farmer, 
Hagel,  Peter,  farmer, 
Haeben,  Jas.  farmer, 
Isean,  George,  farmer, 
James,  F.  I),  farmer, 
Jackins,  M.  F.  farmer, 
Jackman,  Wm.  farmer, 
Koegan,  John,  farmer, 
Kerr,  Annie,  farmer, 
Klersy,  Joseph,  farmer, 
Kimball,  E.  S.  farmer, 
Kinghorn,  A.  farmer, 
Kenmeluther,  J.  farmer, 
Kennedy,  James,  farmer, 
Kason,  John,  farmers, 
Knott,  E.  farmer, 
Knott,  A.  farmer, 
Lindringan,  D.,  est.,  farmer, 
Lentz,  Fred,  farmer, 
Lafy,  Patrick,  f aimer, 
Martineau,  F.  farmer, 
Mulrean,  M.  farmer, 
McGinnis,  T.  farmer, 
McGinnis,  W.  farmer, 
McDougall,  N.  farmer, 
Milless,  IVI.  farmer, 
Milless,  H.  farmer. 
Miller,  F.  C.  farmer, 
McGenty,  A.  farmer, 


p.  o. 

A. 

s. 

Hassan, 

70 

16 

Hassan, 

160 

32 

Hanover, 

80 

32 

Hassan, 

170 

19 

Dayton, 

97 

10 

Dayton, 

204 

11 

Dayton, 

50 

12 

Dayton, 

79 

11 

Hassan, 

108 

20 

Hanover, 

90 

33 

Hassan, 

160 

29 

Hassan, 

J  30 

26 

Dayton, 

160 

15 

Dayton, 

160 

15 

Hasson, 

515 

19 

Dayton, 

200 

24 

Hassan, 

120 

21 

Maple  (irove 

,    40 

36 

Hassan, 

40 

26 

Hassan, 

120 

27 

Hassan, 

84 

28 

Corcoran, 

160 

34 

Hassan, 

70 

26 

Dayton, 

80 

26 

Dayton, 

400 

11 

Hassan, 

80 

19 

Hanover, 

80 

31 

Dayton, 

30 

14 

Hassan, 

80 

19 

Hassan, 

86 

24 

Dayton, 

160 

24 

Dayton, 

160 

25 

Hassan, 

40 

26 

Hanover, 

160 

32 

Maple  Grove, 

54 

35 

Maple  Grove 

200 

24 

Hassan, 

118 

24 

Dayton. 

no 

11 

Maple  Grove. 

80 

35 

Hanover, 

160 

33 

Dayton, 

50 

12 

Dayton, 

80 

14 

Hassan, 

82 

16 

Hassan, 

80 

15 

Hassan, 

105 

17 

Dayton, 

80 

23 

Dayton, 

SO 

23 

Dayton, 

80 

24 

Hassan, 

40 

27 

McHugo,  M.  farmer, 
Mackey,  M.  farmer. 
Madden,  Phil,  farmer, 
Mullrun,  Mat.  farmer, 
Noon,  Grace,  farmer, 
Nellis,  J.  farmer, 
Noth,  Henry,  farmer, 
Parceno,  Wm.  farmer, 
Parslow,  S.  farmer, 
Parslow,  C.  J.  farmer, 
Quinn,  Thomas,  farmer, 
Rogers,  Thomas,  farmer, 
Russell,  John,  farmer. 
Sharper,  David,  farmer. 
Sharper,  George,  farmer, 
Stengleln,  A.  farmer, 
Stenglein,  John,  farmer, 
Shelley,  John,  farmer. 
Sharper,  Felix,  farmer. 
Tucker,  Charles,  farmer. 
Tucker,  John,  farmer, 
Temple,  Andrew,  farmer, 
Unke,  Wm.  farmer, 
Verrette,  D.  farmer. 
Ward,  Patrick,  farmer, 
Wiggin,  E.  S.  farmer, 
Wiggin,  J.  B.  farmer, 
Whiteford,  G.  farmer, 
Weber,  J.  farmer. 


p.  o. 
Hassan, 
Corcoran, 
Corcoran, 
Dayton, 
Hassan, 
Maple  Grove 
Maple  Grove, 
Hassan, 
Hassan, 
Hassan, 
Hassan, 
Dayton, 
JIapIe  Grove, 
Dayton, 
Dayton, 
Maple  Grove, 
Maple  Grove, 
Hassan, 
Corcoran, 
Hassan, 
Hassan, 
Maple  Grove, 
Maple  Grove, 
Dayton, 
Dayton, 
Hassan, 
Hassan, 
Hasson, 
Hassan, 


A.  s. 

80  28 

240  31 

80  33 

80  14 

110  20 

39  26 

371  36 

73  16 


95 


INDEPENDENCE. 


Astrope,  T.  farmer, 
Astrope,  H.  farmer, 
Alger,  W.  C.  farmer, 
Alger,  Enos,  farmer, 
Archibald,  T.  farmer, 
Anderson,  A.  farmer, 
Burns,  G.  C.  farmer, 
Bische,  M.  farmer, 
Broderick,  P.  farmer, 
Batdorf,  John,  farmer, 
Becker,  A.  M.  farmer. 
Berry,  L.  farmer, 
Beal,  Jacob,  farmer. 
Berry,  Albert,  farmer, 
Bryant,  Jacob,  farmer, 
Burnett,  E.  D.  farmer, 
Briley,  W.  blacksmith, 
Baker,  H.  farmer, 


Maple  Plain, 
Maple  Plain, 
Rockford, 
Majile  Plain, 
Maple  Plain, 
Maple  Plain, 
Delano, 
Rockford, 
Delano, 
Maple  Plain, 
Maple  Plain, 
Delano, 
Maple  Plain, 
Delano, 
Delano, 
Maple  Plain, 
Maple  Plain. 
Maple  Plain, 


n 


97  21 

80  22 

190  41 

120  35 

80  14 

80  14 

160  25 

180  26 

104  29 

160  35 

200  22 

244  28 

120  36 

80  35 

80  12 

127  11 

120  16 

38  21 

50  21 

80-  27 


80  4 

80  4 

80  4 

80  9 

80  22 

40  36 


80  4 

40  6 

160  8 

160  10 

150  11 

67  19 

40  29 

75  19 

164  31 

214  23 

40  24 


682 


HJSTORT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


p.  o. 

Bradford.  E.  J.  farmer.  Maple  Plain. 

Bradford.  L.  E.  farmer.  Maple  Plain. 

Biidd,  AV.  W.  farmer.  Maple  Plain. 

Biidd,  H.  C.  farmer,  Maple  Plain, 

Batdorf.  B.  farmer.  Maple  Plain, 

Brandon.  E.  farmer.  Maple  Plain, 

Brandon,  J.  I),  farmer.  Maple  Plain, 

Brown.  Geo.  farmer.  Maple  Plain. 

Berg.  Peter,  farmer.  Maple  Plain, 

Bergstrom.  John,  farmer,  Maple  Plain. 

Bradford.  G.  AV.  farmer.  Maple  Plain, 

Chapman,  Cyrns,  farmer,  Kockford, 

Carleton,  C.  K.  farmer.  Delano. 

Cleveland.  W.  M.  hotel.  Maple  Plain, 

Cleveland,  S.  II.  hotel.  Maple  Plain. 

Chapman,  J.  Z.  farmer.  Maple  Plain. 

Copeland,  A.  farmer,  Maple  Plain, 

Cox,  David,  farmer,  Maple  Plain, 

Copeland,  L.  farmer,  Delano, 

eleven,  J.  farmer,  Delano, 

Coffin,  E.  S.  farmer.  Maple  Plain, 

Coffin.  A.  farmer.  Maple  Plain, 

Coffin,  Frank  S.  farmer,  ISIaple  Plain, 

Dickey,  H.C.carriage-m'r.  Maple  Plain. 

Dunn.  Wm.  farmer.  Maple  Plain. 

Drake.  Benjamin.  merch"t.  Maple  Plain. 

Dnrfee.  Panl,  farmer,  Delano, 

Duggan,  Thomas,  farmer,  Maple  Plain. 

Erickson,  C.  A.  farmer,  Delano. 

Ericksou,  M.  farmer,  Delano. 

Erickson,  A.  farmer,  Maple  Plain, 

Elliott,  Geo.,  farmer,  Roekford, 

Fassett.O.  E.  farmer,  Roekford, 

Fogleman,  11.  farmer.  Maple  Plain, 

Freeman,  D.  H.  farmer,  Delano, 

Fogleman,  AV.  farmer,  ilaple  Plain. 

Guberson,  W.  "\V.  farmer,  Delano. 

Gasper,  Thomas,  farmer,  Roekford, 

Getten,  M.  farmer,  Delano, 

Hall.  A.  H.  farmer,  Eockford. 
Ilackebeil.  Gustav.  farmer.  Delano. 

Hall.  B.  II.  farmer,  Eockford. 

Hutchuison.  J.  farmer.  Maple  Plain. 

Hoisington.  E.  M.  farmer.  ^Slaple  Plain. 

Ilitsman,  William,  farmer,  Maple  Plain, 

Histed.  J.  farmer.  Maple  Plain, 

Hitsman.  T..  farmer,  Maiile  Plain. 

Hardy,  W.  farmer,  Delano, 

Harrington,  H.  farmer.  Maple  Plain, 


A. 

s. 

50 

34 

1.50 

34 

ISO 

25 

93 

25 

120 

26 

80 

30 

120 

27 

40 

32 

60 

27 

40 

28 

160 

33 

80 

5 

360 

9 

vil.  lots. 

41 

23 

60 

25 

.50 

25 

80 

25 

274 

29 

1.50 

17 

80 

33 

80 

33 

120 

33 

160 

IS 

60 

30 

40 

10 

26 

7 

80 

IS 

SO 

18 

43 

.-> 

16 

3 

40 

10 

40 

18 

40 

25 

72 

7 

82 

11 

SO 

30 

124 

3 

72 

7 

SO 

lo 

80 

21 

160 

20 

80 

21 

40 

21 

72 

32 

r.  o.  .\. 

Maple  Plain,  160 
:Maple  Plain,  40 
Maple  Plain, 
Delano, 
Maple  Plain. 
Eockford. 
Maple  Plain, 
ilaple  Plain,  151 
Maple  Plain.  40 
Eockford,  209 
Eockford,  80 
Delano,  160 

Maple  Plain.  1.52 


80 

80 

60 

120 

170 


Hoisington.  Geo.  farmer, 

Ilaistad.  And.  farmer. 

Ilillstrom.  .John,  farmer, 

Hitsman,  W.  A.  farmer, 

Ingerson,  C.  W.  farmer, 

Jacobs.  M.  est. 

Johnson,  J.  C.  farmer, 

Jackson.  Ilein-y.  farmer. 

Joyce.  11.  farmer. 

Klars.  Joseph,  farmer, 

Klapprich.  F.  farmer, 

Kingsley,  D.  farmer, 

Lock.  John,  farmer. 

Lindberg,  A.  farmer, 

McKee,  A.  farmer, 

Aliessen.  Peter,  farmer. 

Manning,  W.  farmer, 

McGarry,  John,  farmer. 

Mills,  E.  M.  farmer. 

Moore.  N.  Mrs.  farmer, 

Mills,  W.  M.  farmer, 

ilichaels.  D.  farmer. 

Moline.  J.andN.  J.  farmers,  Jlaple  Plain.  160 

Mercer  yi.  C.  physician,       ilaple  Plain. 

Murry,  E.  farmer, 

Moore.  Samuel,  farmer, 

^McDonald.  J.  C.  farmer, 

Nelson,  Ole.  farmer, 

Nutz,  J.  farmer. 

Xelson.  Swan,  farmer, 

Oleson,  Peter,  farmer. 

O'Melea.  John,  farmer. 

0"Leary.  C.  W.  farmer. 

Oleson,  A.  farmer, 

Peterson.  Ole,  farmer, 

Peterson.  Andrew,  farmer.  ]\Iap!e  Plain, 

Peterson.  Albert,  farmer.    Maple  Plain, 

Pagenkoff,  J.  farmer, 

Pickard  Dave,  Hotel. 

Eeifenberger.  Jno.  farmer 

Eyan,  J.  P.  farmer, 

Eahel,  Lorentz,  farmer, 

Eader,  John,  farmer, 

Rader.  Nancy,  farmer. 

Eader,  W.  farmer, 

Richards,  A.  mail  carrier,    Delano, 

Sutherland.  Mrs.  S.  J.  farmer. 

Maple  Plain,    SO 
Sutherland,  AV.  II.  farmer.  Maple  Plain, 


Delano, 
Eockford 
Maple  Plain. 
]Maple  Plain, 
Maple  Plain, 
Maple  Plain, 
ilaple  Plain. 
Maple  Plain.  120 
Delano.  20 


Maple  Plaui.  280 
Maple  Plain.  50 
Maple  Plain,  80 
Maple  Plain,  120 


Maple  Plain, 
Maple  Plain. 
Maple  Plain, 
Delano, 
Delano. 
Maple  Plain, 
Delano, 


20 
40 
40 
57 
105 
20 
40 
SO 
40 

Maple  Plain,  70 
Maple  I'lain.  Vil. 
Maple  Plain,  S 
Maple  Plain,  106 
Maple  Plain,  140 


s. 

35 

36 

25 

21 

24 

3 

25 

35 

15 

1 

3 

5 

1-2 

31 

4 

12 

14 

15 

22 

25 

27 

32 

36 


Delano, 
Delano, 
Delano, 


160 

80 

225 

village 


28 
11 

36 

7 

8 

18 

32 

7 

27 

36 

15 

lots 

o 

24 
22 
30 
31 
31 
lots. 

10 
25 


TOWNSHIP  DIBECTORIES. 


683 


p.  o. 

A. 

s. 

p.  G. 

A. 

s. 

Stortroeu,  0.  farmer, 

Delano, 

13 

16 

Barenstiener,  F.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

80 

24 

Soley,  Peler,  farmer, 

Maple  Plain 

160 

21 

Brown,  W.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

76 

24 

Styner,  Joshua,  farmer. 

Maple  Plain 

107 

22 

Bragdon,  A.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

79 

17 

Styner,  Daniel,  farmer, 

Maple  Plain 

78 

26 

Butzler,  D.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

60 

24 

Shrewsbury,  Mrs.  J. 

Maple  Plain 

20 

27 

Berg,  Carl,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

39 

27 

Stinson,  J.  R.  farmer, 

Maple  Plain 

210 

34 

Brinn,  Thomas,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

72 

27 

Shrewsbury,  F.  farmer, 

Maple  Plam 

40 

27 

Burke,  John,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

80 

28 

Strand,  Charles,  farmer. 

Delano, 

80 

16 

Blakenborough,  J.  farmei 

,  Corcoran, 

SO 

19 

Settle,  R.  S.  farmer. 

Maple  Plain 

34 

16 

Bauers,  Casper,  tenant. 

Osseo, 

11 

Smith,  G.  W.  postmaster, 

Maple  Plain, 

viFg 

lots 

Bailey,  Wm.  tennant, 

Osseo, 

10 

Sutherland,  M.  V.  B.  farmer, 

Cook,  Jesse,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

40 

3 

Maple  Plain, 

80 

10 

Connover,  J.  A.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

90 

9 

Terwell,  George,  farmer, 

Delano, 

160 

17 

Caron,  0.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

104 

12 

Tautges,  A.  farmer, 

Rockford, 

80 

12 

Colbiu-n,  S.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

120 

14 

Tautges,  Peter,  farmer, 

Rockford, 

80 

11 

Champlin,  O.  R.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

45 

16 

Vannetten,  Chas.  section 

man, 

Chapman,  Geo.  farmer, 

Abel, 

40 

17 

Maple  Plain,  vil'g  lots 

Chapman,  Wm.  farmer. 

Abel, 

20 

18 

Weindenback,  A.  farmer, 

Rockford, 

120 

3 

Curtis,  A.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

64 

13 

Wagner,  John,  Jr.  farmer 

Maple  Plain, 

80 

11 

Com'tney,  J.  and  11.  farmer,  Corcoran, 

160 

29 

Wagner,  C.  farmer. 

Rockford, 

80 

12 

Cook.  Leo.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

80 

35 

Washington,  Geo.  farmer 

Maple  Plain, 

80 

15 

Chapman,  Jas.  farmer. 

Abel, 

34 

16 

Woodard,  S.  farmer. 

Delano, 

74 

30 

Cook,  Jno.  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

80 

30 

Wasson,  John,  farmer. 

Maple  Plain, 

40 

36 

Chambeau,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

29 

Wagner,  John,  Sr.  farmer 

.  Maple  Plain, 

80 

Dubuque,  J.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

40 

10 

Williams,  John,  farmer. 

Maple  Grove. 

Dathagen,  II.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

10 

17 

MAPLE   GROVE. 

Dolan,  B.  farmer, 
Demaes,  J.  D.  farmer, 

Osseo, 
Corcoran, 

80 
107 

27 

Aubert,  C.  Mrs.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

161, 

1 

Dennis,  John  B.  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

107 

27 

Angell,  A.  0.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

223, 

9 

Devery,  Jno.  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

72 

27 

Abel  Harry,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

80 

17 

Devery,  K.  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

65 

28 

Andus,  Wm.  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

72 

30 

Devery,  P.  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

150 

33 

Aubert,  Thomas,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

40 

12 

Darmody,  P.  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

120 

31 

Aubert,  John,  fanner, 

Osseo, 

1 

Devery,  M.  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

80 

33 

Aubert,  Nicholas,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

1 

Devery,  Peter,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

101 

33 

Abar,  Peter,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

26 

15 

Ebert,  Fredrick,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

2 

Briggs,  J.  H.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

83 

4 

Evans,  W.  E.  farmer. 

Maple  Grove 

,160 

4 

Bonn  F.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

40 

5 

Eddy,  J.  M.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

80 

4 

Bonn,  Christian,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

113 

7 

Engalls,  Wm.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

160 

12 

Brenduig,  H.  blacksmith, 

Osseo, 

20 

9 

Evans,  Walter,  farmer. 

Maple  Grove 

,    10 

5 

Bonn,  Daniel,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

80 

8 

Fisher,  John,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

53 

22 

Banker,  A.  M.  farmer, 

Maple  Grove, 

80 

9 

Funk,  M.  mason, 

Osseo, 

12 

Banker,  R.  T.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

80 

4 

Garvais,  Pierre,  farmer.. 

Osseo, 

140 

12 

Bermer,  N.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

80 

11 

Cielle,  August,  farmer, 

Osseo, 

95 

21 

Beiderman,  F.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

40 

14 

Gebert,  John,  farmer, 

Osseo, 

152 

27 

Bragdon,  A.  farmer. 

Abel, 

80 

17 

Gleason,  C.  farmer. 

C(u-coran, 

232 

31 

Brooks,  Wm.  M.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

80 

18 

Ilamen,  Lewis,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

96 

1 

Beier,  Julius,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

1.52 

19 

Hawkins,   S.   S.   traveling 

Blasi,  M.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

40 

O 

man  and  farmer 

Osseo, 

120 

3 

Beier,  August,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

80 

19 

Heartfleld,  F.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

80 

14 

684 

HISTOBT  OF 

HE 

p.  o. 

A. 

s. 

Harder,  C.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

40 

14 

Hillier,  D.  farmer. 

Abel, 

152 

19 

Hillier,  F.  G.  farmer, 

Abel, 

12(3 

20 

Hennessey,  T.  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

60 

29 

Hennessey,  J.  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

70 

30 

Howard,  T.  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

SO 

30 

HofE,  M.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

80 

8 

Hennessey,  F.  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

100 

29 

Jaeomet,  J.  B.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

160 

11 

Jobs,  George,  farmer. 

Abel, 

40 

17 

Johnson,  C.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

80 

26 

Josliii,  AV.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

20 

10 

Jarvis,  W.  P.,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

140 

12 

Koehler,  G.  C,  farmer, 

Osseo, 

31 

7 

Kottke,  G.,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

80 

9 

Krienke,  D.  F.,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

106 

9 

Kubler,  C,  farmer, 

Osseo, 

40 

23 

Kisch,  N.,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

65 

12 

Kieffer,  Pliillip.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

160 

12 

Keding,  F.  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

76 

18 

Kroger,  H.  farmer. 

Abel, 

102 

18 

Keding.  C.  farmer. 

Abel, 

140 

19 

Kapo,  Henry,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

40 

19 

Kirchoff,  F.  farmer, 

Osseo,     . 

109 

21 

Kimmerle,  W.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

SO 

23 

Kriisson,  H.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

80 

27 

Krebs,  August,  fanner. 

Osseo, 

80 

28 

Kelly  Patrick,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

123 

30 

Kelleher,  M.  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

83 

32 

Kellelier,  James,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

77 

32 

Kenny,  Peter,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

SO 

34 

Krusson,  John,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

80 

34 

Kreming  Win.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

80 

14 

Latlin,  B.  F.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

160 

5 

Lange,  Chris,  farmer; 

Osseo, 

280 

7-8 

Laflin,  Q.  A.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

80 

9 

Lettens,  C.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

80 

15 

Leonard,  Charles,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

50 

34 

Leonard,  Jeremiah,  farmer,  Osseo, 

110 

34 

Laflin.  G.  A.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

100 

10 

Morrill.  E.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

60 

4 

:Morrill,  J.  W.  farmer, 

Maple  Grove 

,    50 

23 

Miller,  Mrs.  Fred,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

160 

6 

Miller,  Lewis,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

— 

6 

Merchand,  David,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

135 

11 

Morehouse,  Levi,  farmer, 

Osseo, 

82 

18 

Mendenhall,  J.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

151 

18 

McConnell,  J.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

98 

oo 

McCormick,  J.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

28 

oo 

HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Munn,  Robert,  farmer, 
^McCabe,  Michael,  farmer, 
Mitchell,  J.  II.  farmer, 
Marks,  Samuel,  farmer, 
Myer,  M.  tenant, 
Northrup,  Frank,  farmer, 
Ottenbriglit,  J.  farmer, 
Ohrmundt,  O.  farmer, 
Opitz,  jSIrs.  Xancy,  farmer, 
Pomeroy,  J.  E.  farmer, 
Pavitt,  ^y.  H.  farmer, 
Povet,  AV.  C.  farmer, 
Peters,  John,  farmer. 
Peters,  Edward,  farmer, 
Pauly,  Fred,  farmer, 
Phelps,  S.  farmer. 
Punt,  Henry,  blacksmith, 
Radinz,  F.,  farmer, 
Reitz.  G..  farmer. 
Rode,  William,  farmer, 
Roelke,  E.,  farmer, 
Robert,  Henry,  farmer, 
Robert.  A.,  farmer, 
Russell,  Alfred,  farmer, 
Ray,  Henry,  farmer, 
Schmidt,  W.,  farmer, 
Saussele,  Carl,  farmer. 
Schober,  J.  C,  blacksmith 

and  farmer, 
Sclnieider.  Chris,  farmer, 
Schulz,  J.  M'..  farmer, 
Swappach,  IL,  farmer, 
Schutte,  F.  H.  farmer, 
Schutte,  E,  farmer, 
Shadewalde,  W.,  farmer, 
Shaefer,  Geo.,  farmer, 
Schultz,  Wm.,  farmer, 
Seibert,  Conrad,  farmer, 
Schwartz,  AV.,  farmer, 
Schaber,  Val,  farmer. 
Smith,  Adam,  tenant, 
Stelter,  G.,  farmer, 
Stergeon,  P.,  farmer, 
Tschudi,  Jno.  fai'mer, 
Thonia,  G.  M.  farmer, 
Trott,  WUUam,  farmer, 
Thompson.  S.  farmer, 
Tonn,  C.  A.  farmer. 


p.  0. 

A. 

s. 

Osseo, 

140 

99 

Corcoran. 

120 

33 

JSIaple  Grove 

,100 

4 

Osseo, 

40 

10 

Osseo, 

28 

Corcoran, 

40 

34 

Osseo, 

40 

13 

Abel, 

40 

17 

Osseo, 

97 

9 

Osseo, 

40 

16 

Osseo, 

50 

16 

Osseo, 

64 

13 

Corcoran, 

160 

31 

Corcoran, 

31 

Corcoran, 

160 

34 

Corcoran, 

81 

30 

Maple  Grove 

,  2-t 

4 

Osseo, 

160 

5 

Osseo, 

50 

15 

Osseo, 

70 

15 

Osseo, 

40 

20 

Osseo, 

45 

10 

Osseo, 

10 

Osseo, 

36 

Osseo, 

36 

Osseo, 

40 

1 

Maple  Grove 

,155 

5 

Osseo, 

60 

7 

Osseo, 

120 

18 

Osseo, 

59 

13 

Osseo, 

60 

14 

Abel, 

60 

17 

Abel, 

50 

18 

Osseo, 

40 

20 

Osseo, 

160 

21 

Osseo, 

114 

21 

Osseo, 

89 

26 

Osseo, 

160 

35 

Osseo, 

152 

35 

Osseo, 

20 

Osseo, 

18 

7 

Osseo, 

120 

1 

Osseo, 

107 

o 

Osseo, 

87 

8 

Osseo, 

115 

10 

Abel, 

■91 

17 

Osseo, 

80 

21 

TOWNSHIP  BIBECTORIES. 


685 


p.  O.  A.       S. 

Tiiseth,  J.  J.  farmer,  Osseo,  90    24 

Thompson,  J.  J.  farmer,  Osseo,  128    25 

Woodworth,  E.  P.  farmer,  Osseo,  103      3 

Wagner,  Frantz,  farmer,  Osseo,  13      7 

Welzel,  11.  farmer,  Osseo,  60      9 

Wilmes,  Peter,  farmer,  Osseo, 

"Wagner,  A.  farmer,  Osseo, 
Williamson,  Mrs.  S.  farmer,  Osseo, 

Wentz,  Peter,  farmer,  Osseo, 

Zopfi,  John,  Jr.  farmer,  Osseo, 

Zopfi,  B.  farmer,  Osseo, 

Zoerb,  C.  farmer,  Osseo, 

Ziebarth,  Chas.  farmer,  Osseo, 


280  13 

102  6 
40  15 

IGO  25 

150  2 

200  2 

46  7 

103  15 


79 

120 

68 


MEDINA. 

Arens.  Franz,  farmer,  Lenz, 

Archibald,  Wm.  farmer,       Long  Lake, 
Anderson,  S.  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Archibald,  W.  H.  blacksmith, 

Long  Lake, 
Archibald,  D.  farmer,  Long  Lake, 

Archibald,  II.  farmer,  Long  Lake, 

Archibald,  S.  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Alley,  George,  miller,  Long  Lake, 

Bnrehfleld,  C.  W.  farmer,     Lenz,  320 

Becker,  A.  M.  farmer.  Maple  Plain,  120 

Bm-chfield,  A.  manf 'r  of  portable  forges, 

Lenz, 
Biladeau,  Peter,  farmer,       Lenz,  80 

Bolduc,  B.  blacksmith,        Lenz, 
Buttz,  F.  P.  farmer,  Lenz,  80 

Boucher,  P.  clergyman,        Lenz, 
Braden,  Wm.  mill-wright,    Long  Lake, 
Bantley,  M.  farmer.  Long  Lake,     120 

Barbeau,  G.  farmer,  Lenz,  80 

Barkow,  Charles,  farmer.     Maple  Plain,  216 
Bill,  A.  P.  farmer.  Maple  Plain,    46 

Bryer,  J.  farmer.  Long  Lake,      80 

Bennett,  S.  farmer.  Long  Lake,     40 

Blacketer,  W.  farmer.  Maple  Plain,  120 

Brown,  A.  farmer.  Long  Lake,     40 

Berens,  P.  farmer,  Long  Lake,      80 

Brown,  O.  B.  farmer.  Long  Lake,      79 

Bayer,  J.  D.  carpenter.        Long  Lake,       2 
Bailey,  A.  0.  justice.  Long  Lake, 

Bannor,  E.  miller,  Long  Lake, 

Bruichveiler,  A.  nurseryman. 

Long  Lake,     10 
Barnes,  E.  S.  farmer,  Long  Lake,    334 


34 
27 
27 
27 
84 
2 

6 


2 
11 
12 
12 
12 
34 
15 

6 
17 
19 
22 
33 

34 
22 

2 

34 
34 
34 

4 
10 


p.  o. 
Maple  Plain, 
Lenz, 

Long  Lake, 
Lenz, 
Lenz, 
Lenz, 
Lenz, 

Long  Lake, 
Long  Lake, 
Long  Lake, 


A. 


120 

80 
120 
210 
160 

97 
173 
207 


Becker,  P.  farmer, 
Collins  D.  farmer, 
Coleman,  J.  wheat  buyer, 
Collins,  C.  farmer, 
Collins,  J.  farmer, 
Classen,  N.  farmer, 
Crowe,  M.  farmer, 
Cox,  V.  farmer, 
Christlieb,  I.  A.  farmer, 
Classen,  J.  farmer, 
Campbell,  L.  K.  school  teacher,  Minneapolis. 

Crowe,  Jas.  farmer,  Lenz,  240 

Christleib,  B.  F.  merchant.  Long  Lake, 

Carr,  A.  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Carl,  A.  farmer.  Long  Lake,      30 

Carr,  Wm.  farmer.  Long  Lake,      40 

Deisting,  Chris,  farmer,  Lenz,  160 

Deslorier,  P.  farmer,  Lenz,  80 

Daniels,  D.  farmer,  Lenz,  80 

Daziel,  F.  farmer,  Lenz,  65 

Domning,  E.  farmer.  Long  Lake,    100 

Dillman,  J.  D.  farmer.  Long  Lake,    160 
Ditler,  F.  farmer  and  saloon,  Lenz,  25 

Dickey,  Alex,  meat  market.  Long  Lake, 

Dickey  and  Logan       "  Long  Lake, 

Dicky.  K.  B,  deputy  sheriff.  Long  Lake, 

Engel  Jacob,  farmer.  Maple  Plain,  ISO 

Ekstrom,  Carl,  farmer,  Long  Lake,    160 

Fane,  John,  farmer,  Lenz,  160 

Pick,  John,  farmer,  Lenz,  80 

Feltes,  B.  farmer,  Maple  Plain,  150 

Fane,  Henry,  farmer,  Lenz,  280 

Fortin,  P.  farmer,  Lenz,  127 

Faue,  Lewis,  farmer,  Lenz,  80 

Franzen,  N.  farmer,  Lenz,  120 

Fries,  Charles,  farmer,  Lenz,  80 

Fries,  F.  farmer  Maple  Plain,    38 

Fogelsonger,  S.  farmer.  Long  Lake,      77 

French,  A.  T.  farmer.  Long  Lake,    110 

Gasper,  A.  farmer,  Lenz,  51 

Gerber,  J.  II.  farmer,  Lenz,  160 

Gordon,  C.  W.  farmer.  Long  Lake,      80 

Guise,  W.  P.  farmer,  Long  Lake,      87 

Grifflng,  H.  B.  farmer.  Long  Lake,    123 

Grave,  A.  farmer.  Long  Lake,    100 

Gasper,  B.  farmer,  Lenz,  210 

(iaspar,  W.  F.  blacksmith,  Lenz, 

Ilerron,  M.  O.  farmer,  Lenz,  143 

Ilillman,  A.  C.  miller.  Long  Lake, 


s. 

6 

3 

34 

4 

4 

16 

13 

27 

28 

31 

14 
34 


4 

4 

4 

5 

8 

10 

35 

21 

24 

34 

34 

34 

17 

6 

3 

6 

7 

10 

12 

13 

15 

16 

19 

26 

9 

9 

14 

32 

34 

36 

32 

9 

9 

3 

34 


686 


niSTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Hamisch,  F.  L.  fanner. 
Hoagland,  L.  K.  miller. 
Haruel.  "W.  farmer. 
Hiiard,  T.  farmer, 
Hoffman,  T.  farmer. 
Hamel,  J.  O.  merchant, 
Hamisch,  A.  farmer, 
Hannen.  John,  farmer. 
Hausmann,  ^I.  farmer, 
Hoskins,  M.  B.  fanner. 
Hawkins.  B.  farmer, 
Hoagland.  Fred,  farmer, 
Hoagland,  C.  W.  clerk, 
Hnntsberger,  M.  wagon-maker, 

Long  Lake, 
Hnntsberger,  Jacob,  wagon-maker. 

Long  Lake, 
Hnntsberger,  D.  carpenter,  Long  Lake, 
Hureh.  Jacob,  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Hartman,  Jacob,  farmer,    Long  Lake, 
HelUer,  J.  carpenter. 
Haines,  B.  C.  farmer, 
Hellier,  Thomas,  farmer, 


.  6. 

A. 

s. 

ilaple  Plain, 

80 

18 

Long  Lake, 

34 

Lenz, 

280 

12 

Lenz, 

80 

2 

Lenz. 

60 

12 

Lenz, 

4 

12 

Maple  Plain, 

140 

18 

Long  Lake, 

111 

20 

I^euz, 

88 

24 

Long  Lake, 

90 

3 

Long  Lake, 

120 

28 

Long  Lake. 

Long  Lake. 

140     34 


Long  Lake, 
Maple  Plain, 
Long  Lake, 


Hoagland,  Wm.  meat  market,  Wayzata. 

Ice.  Charles,  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Johnson,  James,  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Johnson,  Charles,  saloon,  Long  Lake, 

Klein.  Phillip,  farmer,  Lenz, 

Kauth.  Jacob,  farmer,  Lenz, 

Kadelbaiigh,  G.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Knable,  P.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Kassube,  Karl,  farmer,  Lenz. 

Roller,  John,  farmer,  Long  Lake, 

Kassube,  W.  C.  farmer.  Long  Lake. 

Kliick,  Charles,  farmer.  Lenz, 

Kramer.  John,  farmer.  Maple  Plain, 

Lerch,  Joseph,  farmer,  ^Maple  Plain, 

Lerch,  PhilUp,  farmer,  Maple  Plain, 

Lament,  A.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Laurent,  John,  farmer,  Lenz, 

Lenzen.  L.  farmer.  Lenz, 

Leuer.  Karl,  farmer,  Lenz, 

Lenzen,  Joseph,  farmer,  Lenz, 

Luby,  J.  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Luby,  M.  farmer,  Long  Lake, 

Lydiard,  S.  farmer,  Long  Lake. 

Lydiard,  J.  II.  merchant.  Long  Lake, 

Lindner.P.G. grape  grower,  Long  Lake, 

Leuer,  Henry,  farmer,  Lenz; 


44 
80 
130 
185 
105 
54 
135 

100 
103 

110 
263 

80 

120 

220 

76 

80 


124 

120 

200 
40 

100 
80 

202 
80 
75 

120 
40 
16 

160 


32 
32 
34 
33 

36  ! 
8 
4 


34 

5 

o 

8 
12 
13 
25 
26 

1 
19 

6 

6 
10 
11 
12 
13 
24 
25 
25 
34 
34 
16 
24   1 


P.  O. 
Lydiard.  D.  A.  merchant,    Long  Lake 
Logan,  R.  meat  market.       Long  Lake, 
Loranger,  A.  E.  physician  and  surgeon, 

Lenz, 
Moylan,  John,  farmer, 
Meurer,  J.  P.  farmer, 
Morin,  Peter,  farmer, 
!Maxson.  B.  farmer. 
MiUer,  M.  farmer, 
Merz,  Joseph,  fanner. 
Merz,  A.  farmer, 
Merz,  J.  farmer, 
Mooney,  James,  farmer. 
Markey,  John,  farmer, 
Merz.  K.  Mrs.  farmer 
McCiUlough,  Geo.  farmer, 
Mangen,  ^l.  farmer, 
Maxwell.  G.  farmer, 
McCormick,  G.  farmer. 
Maxwell,  M.  farmer, 
Miller,  Peter,  farmer. 
Miller.  X.  farmer. 
Miller,  E.  farmer, 
Mayers,  A.  J.  groceries  and  liquors. 

Long  Lake, 
McCormick,  J.  farmer, 
Mather,  H.  farmer, 
Mayr,  P.  Cath.  priest, 
Xeddermeyer,  A.  farmer, 
O'Herron,  M.  farmer, 
Pouliot,  R.  farmer, 
Parrlsh,  P.  farmer, 
Picket,  H.  G.  station  agent.  Long  Lake, 
Peterson,  Edward,  farmer.  Maple  Plain. 
Peterson,  Albert,  farmer,    Maple  Plain. 
PaiTish,  C.  F.  cooper,  Long  Lake, 

Pohlker,  H.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Reynolds,  A.  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Reynolds,  Samuel,  farmer.  Long  Lake. 
Roy,  F.  wagon  maker,         Lenz, 
Rancour,  E.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Reller,  C.  J.  brick  mason,    Long  Lake, 
Rosander.  A.  J.  farmer, 
Reishoff,  Mary,  farmer, 
Roy,  A.  farmer. 
Reiser,  J.  B.  farmer, 
Reiser,  Geo.  Sr.  farmer. 
Reiser.  George  A.  farmer. 
Rouillard,  P.  farmer, 


A.      s. 

200    34 

34 


Lenz, 
Lenz, 
Lenz. 
Lenz, 

Long  Lake, 
Long  Lake, 
Long  Lake. 
Long  Lake, 
Long  Lake, 
Long  Lake, 
Long  Lake, 
Maple  Plain, 
Long  Lake, 
Long  Lake, 
Long  Lake, 
Long  Lake, 
Long  Lake, 
Long  Lake, 
Long  Lake, 


Long  Lake, 
Long  Lake, 
Lenz. 

Long  Lake, 
Lenz, 
Lenz, 
Long  Lake, 


146 
144 


247 
40 


2 
30 


12 
2 

4 


165     10 


17 
21 


80  15 

23 

240  23 

122  25 

85  25 

80  26 

40  31 

118  29 

26  4 

20 

24  6 

240  20 

120  21 

240  21 


34 

34 

5 

23 

80     28 

144       3 

142     11 

47     35 

34 

40      6 

40     6 

35 

100     24 


10 
80 


Long  Lake, 
Lenz, 
Lenz, 

Long  Lake, 
Long  Lake, 
Long  Lake, 
Lenz. 


3 
3 

12 

6 

34 

3i 

160      9 

33     12 

80    22 

200    23 

40    26 

80     11 


TOWNSHIP  DIBECIOBIBS. 


687 


A.       S. 

40     23 

40      5 

34 

34 

34 

5 

4 

32 


20 
110 


100 
]00 

149 


P.  o. 
Reiser,  A.  K.  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Beimer,  Charles,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Rutherford,  Thos.  farmer,  Long  Lake, 
Sheppard,  >I.  II.  physician.  Long  Lake, 
Snow,  E.  M.  hotel  keeper.  Long  Lake, 
Stafford,  A.  S.  farmer.  Long  Lake, 
Stafford,  J.  D.  farmer.  Long  Lake, 
Stubbs-,  Henry,  farmer.  Long  Lake, 
Stubbs,  C.  II.  farmer.  Long  Lake,       9    32 

Storer,  A.  engineer,  Long  Lake,  34 

Schlosser,  J.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Schulz,  Chas.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Smith,  M.  M.  miller.  Long  Lake, 

Schmitz,  P.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Snow,  Chas.  miller.  Long  Lake, 

Shumaker,  H.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Shackweiller,  B.  H.  farmer,  Lenz. 
Schaar,  A.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Schaar,  Jos.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Stark,  C.  F.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Schwalen,  J.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Spurzem,  J.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Spaftord,  W.  A.  farmer.        Long  Lake, 
Sherer,  A.  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Slierer,  Adam,  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Stumpf,  Leo.  farmer,  I.,ong  Lake, 

Schummer,  P.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Streibel,  P.  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Stanclifield,  M.  farmer.         Long  Lake, 
Smith,  W.  E.  farmer.  Long  Lake. 

Smitli,  E.  B.  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Schumaker,  P.  farmer.         I^enz, 
Spafford,  Mrs.  L.  farmer.    Long  Lake, 
Snoke,  M.  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

■   Snoke,  D.  F.  veterinary  surgeon. 

Long  Lake, 
Stubbs,  M.  A.  farmer,  Long  Lake,      59 

Stafford,  J.  D.  farmer.  Long  Lake,  20 
Stromberg,  John,  farmer,  Long  Lake,  40 
Smith,  JSI.  and  ('.  farmers.  Long  Lake,  40 
Stubbs,  N.  J.  farmer,  Long  Lake,      90    10 

Shuck,  A.  AV.  pliysieian  and  surgeon, 

Ijong  Lake,  34 

Schmitz,  J.  P.  farmer,  Long  Lake,  34 

Tautges,  Jolm,  farmer,        Lenz,  80     }0 

Thibedeau,  P.  farmer,  Lenz,  15    10 

Thibedeau,  A.  farmer,  Lenz,  18    11 

Twist,  J.  D.  farmer.  Long  Lalce,      80    33 

Ten  Eycke,  E.  farmer.  Long  Lake,     24    36 


5 

1 

34 

5 

34 

6 

80       8 

80     16 

40     16 

160     15 

160     15 

87     17 

164    20 

160     32 

80     22 

280    23 

60     24 

144    25 

53     32 

40     33 

100     34 

6 

10       4 

10       4 


34 
4 
4 
5 

9 


P.  O. 

Talbot,  Thos.  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Teas,  G.  farmer.  Long  Ijake, 

Turnliam,  J.  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Theis,  John,  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Twombley,  Chas.  miller.  Long  Lake, 

Vanderwarker,  J.  farmer.  Maple  Plain, 

Wietzius,  M.  farmer.  Maple  Plain, 

Winterhalter,  L.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Wagner,  John,  farmer.  Lenz, 

Weyer,  C.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Wolsfield,  N.  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Wolslield,  John,  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Wolsfield,  Chas.  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Wliite  Bros,  farmers.  Long  Lake, 

Wakefield,  W.  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Wamboldt,  A.  W.  foreman  cooper  shop. 

Long  Lake, 

White,  W.  G.  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Wliite,  I^'athan,  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Walsli,  E.  F.  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Wakefield,  Wm.  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Wooster,  S.  J.  physician.  Long  Lake, 

White,  Moses,  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

Wolilstrom,  A.  miller,  Minneapolis, 

York,  T.  L.  farmer.  Long  Lake, 

MINNETKISTA. 

Austin,  C.  farmer.  Maple  Plain, 

Arnold,  A.  farmer.  Mound  City, 

Auer,  Simon,  farmer,      St.  Bonifacius, 

Alderman, A.  S.  gardner.  Mound  City, 

Anthony,  C.  carpenter.  Mound  City, 

Baillie,  J.  C.  farmer.       Maple  Plain, 

Ball,  Richard,  miller. 

Black,  Daniel,  farmer 

Ball,  Andrew,  farmer 

Bartlett,  S.  J.  farmer, 

Berberick,  F.  farm'er, 

Brulin,  Charles,  farmer,  St.  Bonifacius, 

Ball,  Charles,  fanner,      Minnetrista, 

Beise,  E.  farmer, 

Blatz,  B.  farmer, 

Beise,  F.  farmer. 

Brewer,  C.  farmer, 

Clark,  A.W.  blacksmith,  Minnetrista, 

Carman,  F.  M.  farmer.   Mound  City, 

Chapman,  S.  M.  hotel  and  farmer. 

Mound  City, 


A. 

130 
40 
76 

200 

80 

80 

80 

125 

200 

99 

160 

300 

110 

160 


50 

60 

162 

80 

50 

80 


40 


Minnetrista, 
Minnetrista, 
St.  Bonifacius, 
]Mound  City, 
St.  Bonifacius, 


St.  Bonifacius. 
St.  Bonifacius, 
St.  Bonifacius, 
Minnetrista, 


21 

34 

19 

7 

8 

8 

9 

20 

22 

27 

27 

36 

34 
32 
32 
2 
28 
34 
32 
34 
35 


1 


80  10 

80  28 

6  23 

1  23 


SO 

160 

90 


160  20 

48  24 

75  30 

120  32 
9 

80  34 

80  33 

80  33 

40  8 

70  9 

20  23 

10  24 


688 


HISTOEY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


p.  o. 

A. 

s. 

p.  o. 

A. 

s. 

Cook,  M.  S.  hotel  and  f; 

u-ming. 

Merriman,  "W.  farmer. 

Mimietrista, 

76 

6 

Mound  City, 

91 

24 

McCullough,  F.  farmer. 

Maple  Plain. 

79 

12 

Cramer.  Alois,  farming. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

160 

28 

Muhs.  John,  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

40 

18 

Carlisle,  II.  C.  merchant 

.  ilound  City, 

23 

Maesz,  J.  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

100 

21 

Chapman,  S.  A.  farmer 

Mound  City, 

77 

23 

Moore,  C.  S.  typo. 

Minneapolis. 

2 

24 

Dwinells,  C.  C.  farmer. 

Maple  Plain, 

.51 

3 

Maass.  W.  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

60 

28 

Dressel,  R.  farmer. 

Mumetrista. 

no 

7 

Maass,  Frederick,  far. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

80 

31 

Dressel,  N.  farmer, 

St.  Bonifacius, 

40 

17 

Maesz,  John,  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

155 

32 

Dill,  Jacob,  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

82 

29 

Maass,  John,  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

74 

33 

Erickson,  J.  fanner. 

Maple  Plain, 

80 

1 

Maass,  Albert,  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

70 

34 

Erlckson,  A.  farmer. 

Maple  Plain, 

120 

1 

Jilerriman.  S.  L.  farmer 

,  ^linnetrista. 

97 

6 

Ebert,  A.  farmer, 

St.  Bonifacius, 

200 

19 

Merriman,  Hyra.far. 

Minnetrista, 

132 

6 

Feieroecker,  George, 

St.  Bonifacius, 

SO 

8 

Miller,  Andrew,  laborer 

,  Mound  City, 

2}  24 

Fisher,  H.  F.  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

80 

17 

Nagel.  Wm..  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

80 

32 

Forner,  Joseph,  farmer, 

St.  Bonifacius, 

150 

19 

Orth.  Martin,  farmer. 

Maple  Plain, 

81 

2 

Ganz,  G.  saddler  and  farmer, 

Ohde,  Bernard,  farmer 

St.  Bonifacius, 

60 

28 

St.  Bonifacius, 

60 

33 

Obert,  Henry,  farmer, 

Minnetrista, 

80 

10 

Huff,  J.  M.  farmer. 

Mound  City, 

56 

11 

Peterson,  John,  farmer 

Maple  Plain, 

80 

1 

Hoefert,  F.  farmer. 

Mound  Cit>-, 

42 

14 

Painter,  D.  J.  farmer. 

Maple  Plain, 

20 

2 

Heitz,  Jacob,  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

75 

20 

Painter,  Geo.  farmer. 

Mapple  Plain 

99 

2 

Herbes,  C.  farmer, 

St.  Bonifacius, 

98 

20 

Peterson.  Aaron,  farmei 

,  Minnetristra, 

79 

4 

Ilirscliberger.  J.  farmer 

St.  Bonifacius. 

160 

29 

Parker.  David,  farmer. 

Mound  City. 

79 

13 

Ilamviller.  J.  farmer. 

"St.  Bonifacius, 

160 

31 

Pauli,  John,  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

80 

29 

Huff,  C.  W.  farmer. 

Mound  City, 

50 

11 

Peters,  George,  farmer. 

Minnetrista, 

10 

7 

Ingerson,  W.  F.  survejor  and  farmer, 

Parker.  'Wm.  farmer, 

Minnetrista. 

42 

8 

Maple  Plain, 

160 

3 

Painter,  Wm.  farmer. 

Maple  Plain, 

60 

3 

Ingerson,  A.       farmer 

Maple  Plain, 

157 

12 

Eupp,  J.  A.  teacher, 

St.  Bonifacius, 

60 

21 

Jennings,  F.  A.  farmer 

Mound  City, 

76 

12 

Relibein.  Henry,  farmer 

.  St.  Bonifacius, 

60 

28 

Jennings,  J.  G.  farmer, 

Mound  City, 

40 

14 

Kobben,  Jacob,  farmer 

St.  Bonifacius, 

80 

31 

Johnson,            farmer. 

Minnetrista, 

86 

5 

Rhode,  Chas.  Sr.  farmer,  St.  Bonifacius, 

145 

20 

Kennedy.  W.  II.  II.    " 

Maple  Plain, 

10 

o 

Ripmer.  Eliza  J.,  and  Wm.  farmers. 

Kinke,  M.  farmer. 

Maple  Plain.160 

3 

Maple  Plain, 

190 

2 

Komfleld.  S.  farmer, 

St.  Bonifa''ius, 

53 

17 

Slow,  Geo.  farmer. 

Mound  City, 

139 

11 

Klein,  K.  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius. 

80 

18 

Schilling,  A.  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

40 

17 

Kieser,  John,  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

171 

30 

Schram.  Henry,  farmer 

,  St.  Bonifacius, 

80 

17 

Kmgsley,  A.  W.  farmer 

Minnetrista, 

10 

Sehram,  J.  E.  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

120 

18 

Lee,  Edward  and  Almi 

a.  farmers. 

Strobach,  F.  farmer, 

St.  Bonifacius, 

60 

28 

Minnetrista, 

120 

5 

Sheider,  F.  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

40 

28 

Loew,  Isidore,  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius. 

40 

18 

Shuler,  Peter,  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

142 

29 

Lauman.  L.  farmer. 

St.  Bouifacins, 

80 

20 

Stifter,  N.  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

80 

31 

Lippert,  M.  farmer. 

Mound  City, 

40 

9 

Shleh,  J.  farmer  and  merchant, 

Lauman.  Henry,  farmei 

•.St.  Bonifacius, 

77 

29 

St.  Bonifacius, 

75 

31 

Logelin,  Felix,  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

160 

30 

Speiser,  H.  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

80 

32 

Luettka,  AVm.  farmer, 

St.  Bonifacius, 

80 

31 

Shuler,  Wm.  farmer, 

St.  Bonifacius, 

146 

33 

Lee,  Henry,  farmer. 

Minnetrista, 

160 

8 

Seiffert,  F.  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

40 

34 

ilerriman.  Elmer,  far.. 

Minnetrista. 

S 

Schmidt,  J.  fai'mer. 

Lake  Town, 

334 

35 

Alerriman,  Eugene,  far 

Minnetrista, 

79 

6 

Turke,  F.  farmer, 

Lake  Town, 

64 

36 

Jleniman,  II.  F.  far. 

Mumetrista, 

108 

8 

Tarty,  I.  farmer, 

Maple  Plain, 

80 

o 

ililler,  M.  farmer, 

St.  Bonifacius, 

80 

8 

Woodward,  C.  farmer, 

Mimietrista, 

160 

5 

TOWNSHIP  DIBECTOBIES. 


689 


p.  o. 
Whittaker,  C.  farmer,    Mouud  City, 
Whittaker,  D.  farmer,    Mound  City, 
Whitehouse,  W.  T.  navigator, 

Mound  City, 
Wendt,  Chas.  farmer,      St.  Bonifacius, 
Weiland,  Jno.  farmer,    Mound  City, 
Whitehouse,  J.  M.  farmer, 

Mound  City, 
Weeks,  E.  merchant,      Mound  City, 
Weinzerl,  J.  farmer,        St.  Bonifacius, 
Went,  Jno.  farmer,  St.  Bonifacius, 

Wehle,  J.  merchant,  St.  Bonifacius, 
Weinzerl,  J.  carpenter,  St.  Bonifacius, 
Yerger,  A.  farmer.  Maple  Plain, 

Yetzer,  Leo.  farmer,       St.  Bonifacius, 
Zanger,  Sussanna,  farmer.Lake  Town, 
Zahrendt,Lewis,builder,  Mound  City. 

MINNETONKA. 


A.       8. 

40      10 

133     10 

23 
60    33 

80    22 

69     23 

23 

80    30 

80     .32 

80     30 

24 

170      2 

120     33 

546     34 


Aylor,  Richard,  farmer, 
Bartow,  Samuel,  farmer, 
Bryant,  T.  C.  farmer, 
Bouk,  L.  D.  farmer, 
Bryant,  O.  F.  farmer, 
Beebe,  F.  D.  hotel, 


Minnetonka, 
Minnetonka, 
Minnetonka, 
Minnetonka, 
Minnetonka, 
Minnetonka. 


Burnes,  G.  M.  Est.  fanner,  Hopkins, 
Brock,  L.  D.  farmer,  Minnetonka, 

Bates,  W.  P.  farmer,  Hopkins, 

Bassett,  Charles,  Hopkins, 

Barry,  J.  farmer,  Wayzata, 

Brokl,  T.  farmer,  Hopkins, 

Bryant,  H.  farmer,  Minnetonka, 

Bren,  Frank,  farmer,  Hopkins, 

Bren,  Josepli,  fanner,  Hopkins, 

Burwell,  D.  M.  town  clerk,  Minnetonka. 
Burwell,  C.  H.  supt.  mill,    Minnetonka. 
Bartow,  E.  W.  farmer,         Minnetonka, 
Buslmell,  Wm.  merchant,    Wayzata. 
Burnes,  C.  D.  cooper  and  farmer, 

Minnetonka, 
Baker,  W.  farmer,  Minnetonka, 

Bartow,  T.  S.  farmer,  Minnetonka, 

Bryant,  Thomas  C.  farmer,  Minnetonka, 
Butler,  A.  G.  dairyman,  Minnetonka, 
Cheely,  J.  W.  farmer,  Minnetonka, 

Carr,  Michael,  farmer,  Minnetonka, 
Cooper,  H.  F.  blacksmith,  Minnetonka, 
Carpenter,  C.  farmer,  Minnetonka, 


44 


40  16 

121  7 

57  10 

40  16 

108  15 

340  24 

40  16 

40  23 

31  24 


A. 


40 

26 

10 

14 

156 

26 

200 

35 

80 

16 

80 

14 

160 

i}0 

40 

16 

120 

15 

7 

20 

8 

80 

21 

10 

20 

80 

16 

Hopkins,  70 

Minnetonka,  160 
Minnetonlia,  80 
Wayzata,  93 

Hopkins,  80 

Minnetonka,  40 
Minnetonka,  160 
Hopkins,  167 
Hopkins, 
Hopkins. 
Excelsior, 
Hopkins, 
Minneapolis 
Wayzata. 


140 

177 

40 

80 

80 


P.  o. 

Chowen,  E.  C.  farm  and  nurseiy, 

Wayzata,        120 
Cale,  John,  farmer,  Minnetonka,    39 

Connolly,  T.  supt.  poorfarm,  Hopkins. 
Cordell,  C.  farmer.  Excelsior,        40 

Chastek,  J.  M.  farmer,         JSIinnetonka,  320 
Cherveny,  Chas.  farmer, 
Chowen,  W.  S.  farmer, 
Christie,  John,  farmer, 
Churchill,  S.  R.  farmer, 
Churchill,  Chas.  farmer, 
Doyle,  Pat.  farmer, 
Dobson,  Wm.  farmer, 
Dorn,  Daniel  E.  farmer, 
Dostal,  W.  P.  farmer, 
Dominick,  Philip,  farmer, 
Dworak,  J.  farmer, 
Dworak,  W.  farmer, 
Dressell,  A.  farmer, 
Dickie,  Miles,  butcher, 
Empenger,  John,  farmer,    Hopkins 
Empenger,  J.  H.  farmer,     Hopkins, 
Eidam,  E.  11.  merchant,  •  Minnetonka. 
Ellingwood,  F.  carpenter,    Minnetonka, 
Frear,  S.  A.  farmer,  Minnetonka, 

Feltel,  John,  farmer,  Hopkins, 

Frear,  W.  S.  farmer,  Minnetonka, 

Glassing,  Fred,  farmer,        Minneapolis, 
Gleason,  John,  farmer,         Wayzata, 
Gray,  A.  N.  millwright,       Minnetonka, 
Gleason,  H.  L.  hotel,  Wayzata. 

Gould,  Wm.  farmer,  Hopkins, 

Holtz,  Fred,  farmer.  Wayzata, 

Harrington,  J.  S.  farmer,     Wayzata, 
Haley,  Eugene,  farmer,       Minnetonka, 
Houston,  Wm.  farmer,         ilinnetonka, 
Hopkins,  George,  cooper  and  farmer, 

Minnetonka, 
Hedderly,  G.  W.  merchant,  Wayzata. 
Hanson,  R.  W.  farmer  and  miller, 

Munietonka,   160 
Harrison,  N.  H.  ship  carpenter, 

Wayzata,  5 

Hoagland,Wm. stock  dealer, Wayzata, 
Hall,  F.  H.  millwright,        Mumetonka. 
Johnson,  G.V.  boat  builder,  Wayzata. 
Jackson,  J.  R.  farmer,         Minnetonka,     40 
Kinsel,  Frank,  farmer,         Minnetonka,    55 
Kokesh,  John,  farmer,         Minnetonka,     40 


60 
73 

13 

80 
132 
53 
80 
150 
10 

31 
139 
95 
SO 
40 

40 


18 
18 

31 
34 
36 
18 
12 

1 
35 

4 
10 
24 
27 
26 
31 
36 

1 

23 
26 

14 
21 
36 
15 
o 

5 
18 

27 
1 
12 
12 
16 


14 

6 
1 


27 
27 
29 


690 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


p.  0. 

A. 

S. 

P.  0. 

A. 

s. 

Kwetensky,  J.  farmer. 

Minnetonka, 

33 

32 

Kohinson,  A.  B.  farmer,       "Wayzata 

134 

18 

Keesling.  B.  F.  fanner, 

"Wayzata, 

200 

1 

Keid,  Geo.  saloon,                "Wayzata, 

Kotsovek,  John,  farmer. 

Hopkins, 

60 

36 

Eahl,  Matt,  farmer,              Minnetonka, 

80 

1 

Kwetensky.  J.  F.  farmer, 

Minnetonka, 

47 

32 

Reaves,  S.  J.  farmer,           ^Minnetonka. 

Kinsel.  Joe.  fanner. 

^linnetonka. 

40 

29 

Rompotl,  John,  farmer,       Hopkuis. 

20 

25 

Kramer,  Fred,  farmer. 

Excelsior, 

30 

Robertson,  J.  K.  engineer,  ilinnetonka. 

Lamb.G.  0.  &C.  E.  fanner,  Miimetonka, 

100 

3 

Strobeck.  Frank,  farmer,     Hopkins, 

80 

23 

Lyon,  M.  J.  farmer. 

■\Vayzata. 

80 

5 

Sonba.  Ignatz.  farmer.          Hopkins, 

600 

24 

Lawrence,  H.  farmer, 

Minnetonka, 

-80 

9 

Soukup.  John,  farmer,         Minnetonka, 

110 

33 

Locke,  David  Est. 

Minnetonka, 

200 

16 

Schmeidel,  C.  farmer,          Minnetonka, 

160 

30 

Lexa.  "Srinslow,  farmer, 

Hopkins, 

so" 

23 

Schmeidel.  Joseph,  fanner,  Minnetonka, 

160 

30 

Ley,  Geo.  farmer. 

Jilinnetonka. 

120 

17 

Smetana,  J.  farmer,              Hopkins, 

119J 

35 

Lyons,  Stephen,  dairy  and  farm. 

Shanton.  E.  D.  miller.         Minnetonka. 

■\Vayzata, 

90 

5 

Shaver,  E.  A.  farmer.          Minnetonka, 

60 

17 

Lyons,  Charles,  cooper. 

Mimietonka. 

15 

Shaver,  B.  T.  teacher.          Minnetonka, 

16 

8 

Locke,  D.  A.  student. 

Minnetonka, 

16 

Shaver,  B.  G.  mechanic,       Minnetonka, 

40 

18 

Locke,  W.  H.  professor, 

Minnetonka, 

16 

Shaver.  Sarah  C.  farmer,     Mimietonka, 

68 

8 

McGenty.  Patrick,  farmer 

Minnetonka, 

160 

4 

Sands,  E.  E.  fanner,             Minnetonka, 

151 

17 

Milbort,  Adam,  farmer, 

Hopkins, 

24 

Stankard,  G.  M.  head  miller.  Minnetonka, 

15 

McGann,  John,  farmer, 

"Wayzata, 

80 

9 

Sackinson,  Frank,  farmer,  Minnetonka, 

50 

23 

McGenty,  D.  &  J.  farmers 

,  Minnetonka, 

160 

9 

Thornton,  W,  C.  fanner,      Minnetonka, 

160 

29 

McGent>%  Daniel,  farmer, 

Minnetonka, 

120 

9 

Tipal.  "0*.  farmer,                  Hopkins, 

80 

35 

Miller,  Joseph,  farmer. 

Miimetonka, 

130 

16 

Tenant,  H.  E.  agent,            "Wayzata. 

Miller,  J.  P.  farmer. 

Hopkins, 

140 

23 

"Wetzel,  John,  farmer.          Minnetonka, 

60 

2 

Miller,  Jno.  farmer. 

ilinnrtonka. 

40 

29 

Whipple.  George,  farmer,    Miimetonka, 

40 

16 

Makoskie.  J.  farmer. 

Hopkins, 

160 

35 

"Whipple,  K.  H.  gardener,    Mmnetonka, 

40 

18 

Minnetonka  Mill  Companj 

',  Minnetonka, 

420 

15 

"Westburg.  Swan,  farmer,     ilinnetonka. 

80 

32 

Makoskie,  F.  farmer. 

Hopkins, 

80 

35 

"Williams.  C.  A.  miller,         Minnetonka. 

McCormick,  T.  farmer. 

"Wayzata, 

40 

4 

Zahalka,  John,  fanner,       Minnetonka, 

120 

17 

Maurer,  H.  hotel, 
Miller,  C.  D.  farmer. 

Wayzata, 
Hopkins, 

50 

6 

24 

nrTNira:APOi-is. 

Miller,  F.  S.  farmer. 

Hopkins, 

90 

24 

Ankenv,  A.  T.  real  esfe,  Minneapolis, 

429 

20 

Meyer,  E.  miller  and  machinist. 

Adams,  T.  F.  dairyman,  ^Minneapolis, 

10 

3 

Jilinnetonka, 

15 

Adams,  "O'm.  farmer,      ilinneapolis. 

56 

1 

Noyes,  S.  G.  carpenter  and  farmer. 

Adams,  A.  S.  farmer,      ;Minneapolis, 

6 

Minnetonka, 

70 

10 

Anderson,  A.  farmer.      Minneapolis, 

80 

19 

Ogin,  H.  farmer. 

Minnetonka, 

160 

20 

Allison,  A.  B.  daii-vman.  Mimieapolis, 

25 

20 

Oleson,  A.  A.  farmer. 

Hopkins, 

40 

24 

Aitken,  R.  M.  farmer,     iliuneapolis. 

10 

1 

Picha.  Jno.  farmer, 

^Slinnetouka, 

40 

29 

Adams.  James,  farmer,  Mimieliaha, 

80 

7 

Perkins,  T.  H.  farmer, 

Hopkins, 

160 

23 

Adams,  "Wm.  carpenter,  S.  Minneapolis, 

lots 

1 

Popelka,  J.  farmer, 

!Minnetonka, 

45 

27 

Becker.  Ignatius,  f armer.Minneapolis, 

120 

30 

Popelka,  F.  farmer. 

Minnetonka, 

80 

31 

Bies  C.  farmer.                 :Minneapolis, 

40 

30 

Popelka,  Jno.  E.  farmer. 

Hopkins. 

40 

36 

Boldt  Fred,  farmer,         Mmneapolis, 

80 

29 

Peshina,  J.  farmer, 

Excelsior, 

80 

41 

Bowman,  J.  A.  dentist,  Minneapolis, 

120 

28 

Picha,  F.  farmer. 

Minnetonka, 

160 

32 

Broderiek,  E.  farmer,      Mmneapolis, 

25 

20 

Petrak,  J.  fai-mer, 

Hopkins, 

80 

36 

Bofferding,  P.  farmer,     Mumeapolis, 

82 

33 

Phillips,  G.  C.  mechanic  and  farmer, 

Butle,  J.  P.  farmer,         Minneapolis, 

79 

4 

Minnetonka, 

80 

20 

Bofferding.  "W.  gardener,Miimeapolis, 

4 

28 

Eohlfing,  Fred.  est. 

Minnetonka, 

160 

20 

Brewster,  E.  farmer,       Minneapolis, 

60 

33 

TOWNSHIP  DIEECTOBIES. 


691 


p.  o. 
Blaisdell,  J.  T.  farmer,   Minneapolis, 
Bonne}',  P.  A.  gardner,  Minneapolis, 
Berg,  C.  G.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Berg,  L.  G.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Berg,  A.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Bader,  R.  E.  landlord,  Minneapolis, 
Brown,  M.  D.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Bicknell,  A.  II.  tenant,  Minneapolis, 
Blaisdell,  Robt.  farmer,  Mimieapolis, 
Bernstein,  "VV.  gardener,  Minneapolis, 
Burbank,  G.  A.  farmer,  Jilinneapolis, 
Boyce,  J.  B.  farmer,  Hopkins, 
Blaisdell,  Robt.  Jr.  farmer. 

Minneapolis, 
Blondeau,  Chas.  janitor 

Lakewood  cemetery,  Minneapolis. 
Brooks,  P.  gardener.  Minneapolis, 
Bowman,  J.  R.  dairym'n  Minneapolis 
Bornkamp,  H.  laborer,  Minneapolis, 
Bernell.  E.  tenant,  Minneapolis, 

Blaisdell,  Wm.  lumberman, 

Minneapolis, 
Burnett,  C.  T.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Byrnes,  Catharine,  farmer, 

Minneapolis, 
Curley,  P.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Cripeau.  F.  X.  gardener,  Minneapolis, 
Cook,  F.  surveyor,  Minneapolis, 

Cummings,  R.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Carlson,  L.  dairyman,  Minneapolis, 
Coats,  D.  11.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Cmnmings,  Levi,  f'mer,  Minneapolis, 
Doyle,  F.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Dee,  James,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Dougherty,  Isaiah,  far.  Minneapolis, 
Drews,  Geo.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Dague,  P.  farmer,  Mimieapolis, 

Earle,  O.  K.  farmer,  Mmneapolis, 
Erhart,  G.  M.  brick  kiln,  Minneapolis, 
Ekes,  Martin,  gardener,  Minneapolis, 
Earenfight,  C.  T.  "  Minneapolis, 
Earenfight,  R.  R.  dealer,  Minneapolis, 
Fries,  Margaret,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Friek.  Elias,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Foss,  D.  M.  gardener,  Minneapolis, 
Faloey,  J.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Foster,  A.  J.  merchant,  Minneapolis, 
Funk,  W.  grocer,  Minneapolis, 

Fries,  Wm.  farmer,         MinneapoUs, 


A. 

s. 

40 

34 

5 

6 

14 

6 

9 

6 

4 

6 

33 

SO 

12 

120 

10 

80 

12 

40 

10 

80 

10 

300 

19 

60 

24 

5 

17 

o 

21 

lots 

1 

lots 

1 

66 

3 

137 

31 

21 

160 

20 

38 

16 

7 

30 

5 

12 

i 

O 

70 

21 

5 

12 

•34 

33 

20 

32 

70 

31 

170 

17 

J 

33 

89 

16 

5 

12 

33 

18 

6 

6 

40 

30 

160 

30 

.5 

17 

160 

8 

lots 

28 

lots 

1 

80 

30 

P.  o. 
Finley,  O.  actuary,  Minneapolis, 

Fmen,  W.  II.  machinist,  Minneapolis, 
Gourme,  F.  O.  farmer,  MinneapoHs, 
Gaffney,  Thos.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Green,  J.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Grover,  Ed.sell,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Goodrich,  Geo.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Grosbeck,  E.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Greip,  F.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Garvey,  C.  C.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Grimes,  J.  T.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Gilpatrick,  Chas.  f'mer,  Minneapolis, 
Gorham,  P.  A.  dairyman, Minneapolis, 
Goodspeed,  J.  B.  stock  dealer, 

MinneapoUs, 
Graham,  L.  B.  moulder,  Minneapolis, 
Griswold,  K.  F.  banker,  Minneapolis, 
Godfrey,  A.  farmer,  Minnehaha, 
Gebsen,  Nels,  drayman,  Minneapolis, 
Girling,  W.  M.  knitting  factory, 

Minneapolis, 
Goodspeed,  E.  A.  stock  dealer, 

Minneapolis, 
Halloran,  M.  J.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Hal  loran,  Martin,  "  Minneapolis, 
Holen,  S.  M.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Halloran,  D.  farmer,  ^linneapolis, 
Halloran,  Pat.  farmer,  MinneapoUs, 
Halloran.  J.  P.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Halloran,  Fat.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Held,  J.  F.  gardener,  MinneapoUs, 
Halloran,  John,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Harman,  John,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Hannan,  M.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Hannan,  James,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Hannan,  Patrick,  "  Minneapolis, 
Hamilton,  Jos.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Hallett,  D.  F.  mechanic,  Minneapolis, 
Hopkins,  E.  A.  tenant,  MinneapoUs, 
Hopkins,  II,  H,  farmer,  Mmneapolis, 
Hall,  A.  R.  farmer,  Miimeapolis, 

Hayes  &  Matheson,  dairymen, 

MLnneapolis, 
Hauke,  Chris,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Hayes,  J.  W.  dairyman,  MinneapoUs, 
Jones,  W.  G.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Jenson,  C.  dairyman,  Minneapolis, 
Johnson,  Hans,  dairy 'n,  MinneapoUs, 
Jenson,  H.  C.  tenant,      MinneapoUs, 


11 

20 

80 

29 

80 

5 

60 

28 

80 

8 

160 

17 

5 

6 

40 

11 

50 

10 

366 

7 

20 

35 

O 

1 

1 

5 

36 

2i 

25 

1 

1     20 

1 

85     19 

120      5 

20  32 

21  i  29 
160     29 

40  30 

80  6 

145  30 

56J  29 

116 


120 

80 
80 


120     16 
10       1 


79 

19 

35 

20 

17 

205 

5 

17 

120 

28 

15 

30 

5 

1 

b92 


HISTOEY  OF  WENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


V.  o. 
Minneapolis, 
Jlinneapolis," 
Minneapolis, 
Minneapolis, 
Minneapolis, 
Minneapolis, 


Keller,  Fred,  farmer. 
Kennedy.  P.  farmer, 
Keller.  C.  farmer. 
Kelley.  D.  farmer. 
Knapp,  T.  farmer. 
Kirkland  L.  fanner, 
Keller.  Fred.  Jr.  farmer,  Minneapolis. 
Laycock.  Mrs.  M.  A.  "  Minneapolis, 
Lackin,  Mrs.  Jsora,  "  Minneapolis, 
Lobdell,  J.  B.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Lindblom,  O.  F.  farmer.  ^Minneapolis, 
Layman,  il.  retired,  Minneapolis, 
Libby,  A.  D.,  town  cl'k.  Minneapolis, 
Larpeuteur,  C.  L.  farmer.Minneapolis, 
Leigliton.  Fred.  gardner.Minneapolis, 
Lowry,  Thos.  lawyer,  Minneapolis, 
Lincoln,  G.  W.  farmer.  Minneapolis. 
Long,  Jas.  stock  dealer,  Miimeapolis, 
Long.  M.  gardner,  Minneapolis, 

Ludlum,  Jno.  mason,  Minneapolis, 
Miller,  Matliias,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Mozier,  Carl,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Mozier,  M.  farmer,  Miimeapolis, 

Miller,  P.  S.  darjman,  Minneapolis, 
Moore.  Geo.  farmer.  Minneapolis, 

MeGenty,H.  &  J. farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Moses,  E.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

MofCett,  W.  R.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Martinson,  N.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Nassig,  Chas.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Xitsing,  X.  gardener,  Minneapolis, 
Oswald,  U.  beer  garden,  Minneapolis, 
Osmer,  D.  stock  dealer,  Minneapolis, 
Oleson,  O.  dairyman,  Minneapolis, 
Pratt,  K.  L.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Pi'^rron,  X.  gardener,  Mimieapolis, 
Peters  C.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Pederson,  G.  dairyman,  Mimieapolis, 
Peterson.  B.  A.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Pratt,  Stephen,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Pratt,  M.  V.  farmer  Minneapolis, 
Poole.  K.  gardner,  Minneapolis, 

Patten,  J.  M.  dairyman,  Minneapolis, 
Peterson,  G.  dairyman,  Minneapolis, 
PeLrce,  Thos.  AV.  farmer.  Minneapolis, 
Peterson ,  Fred  .dairyman .  Minneapolis , 
Peterson,  Cris.  dairyman,  ;Minneapolis, 
Eey,  Michael,  gardener,  Minneapolis, 
Eoberts,  D.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 


A.  s. 

120  29 

160  18 

160  31 

100  8 

20  1-6 

11  8 

80  6 

80  8 

160  18 

109  17 

10  6 

45  36 

10  1 

80  12 

5  17 

lots  33 

■5  11 

5  11 

33 

80  30 

50  28 


i7 


1 


120  19 

80  17 

75  6 

75  7 

13  11 
40  29 

5  17 

14  28 


10  1 

12  12 
40  17 

13  17 
15  36 
10  12 
20  11 

17 

210  6 

20  7 


17 

10 

12 

25 

5 

28 

28 

60 

30 

10 

3 

p.  o. 

Minneapolis, 

ilinneapolis, 

Minneapolis, 

ilinneapolis. 

Minneapolis. 

Minneapolis, 


Russell.  R.  P.  miller, 
Eutledge.  tenant. 
Scheid.  Peter,  farmer. 
Sweeney.  E.  farmer. 
Sweeny,  James,  famier 
Sweeny.  John,  fanner, 
Somers.Mrs.M.E. farmer.Minneapolis. 
Smith,  A.  daryman,  Minneapolis. 
Smith,  James,  Lyndale  farm, 

Minneapolis, 
Somers.  AVni.  constable.  Minneajwlis, 
Small,  L.  dairyman.  ^tlimieapolis, 
Sanborn,  C.  B.  nurseryman, 

Minneapolis, 
Smith,  C.  A.  gardener.  Minneapolis, 
Smith,  Nils,  drayman,  Minneapolis. 
Shepherd.  L.  gardener.  Minneapolis, 
Tabour.  S.  T.  farmer,  ilinneapoUs, 
Tabour,  J.  B.  dealer, 
Tracy.  H.  G.  dealer. 
Tapper,  Capt.  John, 
Tupper,  D.  W.  dealer, 
Tingley,  C.  dairyman, 
Tillany,  L.  A.  farmer, 
Yan  Xest,  H.  stock-grower 

Vamer,  W.  II.  farmer, 

Widekin.  A.  farmer, 

Wilson,  U.  R.  fanner, 

Whitney,  S.  C.  farmer, 

Warneke,  F.  H.  farmer 

Wheeler.  G.  D.  tenant. 

Yost,  E.  tenant, 

Zeigler.  Carl,  salesman, 

Zeller,  George,  carj't.      Minneapolis 

OSSEO. 


Minneapolis. 
Minneapolis, 
Jlinneapolis. 
Mumeapolis, 
Minneapolis, 
Minneapolis, 


A.  s. 

99  33 

17 

80  18 

84  18 

77  18 

80  17 

32  31 
50  1 

1400 

31 
12 

33  3 
10  2 
50  1 
40 

120  32 

40  32 

40  31 
7 

27  31 

22  1 

115  6 


Minneapolis, 

120 

10 

Minneapolis, 

159 

32 

Minneapolis, 

10 

33 

Minneapolis, 

10 

31 

Minneapolis, 

63 

5 

Hopkins. 

80 

19 

Minneapolis, 

10 

Minneapolis, 

133 

18 

Minneapolis. 

7 

31 

lots,    36 


Black.  H.  C.  wagon-maker,  Osseo. 

Brown,  Seneca,  wagon-maker,       Osseo. 
Brown,  Black  &  Dubuque,  wagon-makers, 

Osseo. 
Chandler,  E.  II..  Osseo. 

Clark,  E.  P.  carpenter  and  joiner,  Osseo. 
Dubuque,  I.  wagon-maker,  Osseo. 

Ha\iland,  Eli,  blacksmithing,        Osseo. 
Hechtman,  John,  merchant,  Osseo. 

Haviland,  Chancy,  engineer,  Osseo. 

Heesen,  J.  saloon,  Osseo. 

Krueger,  W.  boot  and  shoemaker,  Osseo. 


TOWNSHIP  DIBECT0RIE8. 


693 


A. 


s. 


Laferriere,  O.  blacksmithiiig, 
Labissionier,  I.  mason, 
Lapray,  S.  meat  market, 
Lefebvre,  E.  merchant, 
Labrash,  Z.  hotel  keeper, 
Ladriere,  A.  pastor  St.  Louis  Ch. 
Normandin,  J.  laborer, 
Pavitt,  S.  N.  harness-maker, 
Pinault,  N.  J.  physician  and  surg 
Fribble,  J.  T., 

Rougier,  Nelson,  wheelwright, 
Ray,  A.  G.  farming, 
Rougier,  Maggie,  dress-making, 
Schmidt,  Fritz,  Internation'l  hot'l 
Schwappach,  C.  saloon. 
Saucier,  Jos.  farmer. 
Smith,  Mrs.  M.  R.  farming, 
Thayer,  Mrs.  C.  W.  farming, 
Wellman,  Eli,  blacksmith, 
Woodley,  J.  boot  and  shoemaker. 

PLYMOUTH. 


p.  o. 

Osseo. 
Osseo. 

Osseo. 

Osseo. 

Osseo. 

Osseo. 

Osseo. 

Osseo. 
.  Osseo. 

Osseo. 

Osseo. 

Osseo,    60 

Osseo. 
,  Osseo,    40 

Osseo. 

Osseo,    80    24 

Osseo,    80    18 

Osseo,  160 

Osseo. 
,  Osseo. 


Adams,  M.  farmer. 
Baker.  A.  farmer, 
Berube,  Francis,  " 
Berthiume,  C.  farmer, 


Lenz, 

Minneapolis, 

Lenz, 

Minneapolis, 


Brigge,  Julius,  farmer,   Minneapolis, 
Brusch,  C.  farmer.  Minneapolis, 

Begin,  J.  M.  farmer,       Minneapolis, 
Begin,  L.  Jr.  farmer,      Minneapolis, 
Boucher,  F.  farmer,         Lenz, 
Begin,  Louis  farmer,       Lenz, 
Becker,  Fred,  farmer,     Minneapolis, 
Biishnell,  Byron,  farmer,  Wayzata, 
Berube,  farmer,  Lenz, 

Cavanaugh,  P.  farmer,  Way/.ata, 
Connoly,  Morris,farmer,  Parkers  Lake, 
Campbell,  J.  W.  farmer,  Parkers  Lake, 
Creelan,  J.W,  farmer,  Parkers  Lake, 
Crandbient,  E.  farmer,  Parkers  Lake, 
Clark,  Tho'pson,  farmer,Parkers  Lake, 
Clark,  C.  W.  farmer,  Parkers,  Lake, 
Daly,  K.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Daly,  W.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Deveiy,  Jno.  farmer,       Lenz, 
Dolan,  Keeran.  farmer,  Lenz, 
Donahue,  Jas.  farmer,    Parkers  Lake, 
Daniels,  Peter,  farmer,  ^Minneapolis, 
DuBeau,  A.  farmer,        Lenz, 


80  17 

80  2 

280  8 
200  10 

80  10 

281  11 


14 
14 


80 
80 
80     15 

295     23 
4     36 

120  33 
40  9 
80  34 
60  27 
82  28 
51  29 
32  32 
tenant  33 
33 
82 

100 
80 
81 
80 


40     10 

80     16 


P.  o. 
Donahue,  Jas.  farmer,    Minneapolis, 
Day,  J.  W.,  farmer,         Parkers  Lake, 
Dumstrey,  E.  farmer,      Wayzata, 
Donahue,  John,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Eagan,  Mary,  farmer,      Lenz, 
Ernst,  Joseph,  farmer, 
Ecker,  F.  W.  farmer, 
Eagan,  Carey,  farmer, 
Eagan,  John,  farmer, 
Eagan,  W.  farmer, 
Fornier,  W.  farmer, 
Feitzer,  John,  farmer, 
Feitzer,  Henry,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Faber,  Nich.  farmer,       Minneapolis, 
Farrington,  C.  W.  far. 
Frost,  Benjamin,  far. 
Foster,  J.  W.  farmer. 
Fleer,  IL  clergyman, 
Gleeson,  James,  farmer,  Lenz, 
GafCy,  Ann,  farmer,        Lenz, 
Gaffy,  Pat.  farmer, 
Gorham,  (i.  farmer, 
Glatz,  M.  farmer, 
Gorham,  F.  farmer, 
Gorliam,  David,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Garvin,  Thomas,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Ileinrich,  John,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Hatcher,  Frank,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Hamel,  N.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Hughes,  C.  W.  farmer,  Lenz, 
Hughes,  James,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Hughes,  Frank,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Hughes,  Thos.  farmer,  Lenz, 
Hughes,  Henry,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Heidlebergh,  A.  "  Lenz, 
Hughes,  Pvdward,  "  Lenz, 
Howe,  J.  IL  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Hilger,  Peter,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Hoppenroth,  C.  farmer,  Lenz, 
Huar,  O.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Hughes,  Jno. W.  farmer,  Lenz, 
Hughes,  E.  C.  farmer,     Parker's  Lake, 
Hughes,  T.  Jr.  farmer,    Lenz, 
Hughes,  W.  T.  farmer,  Lenz, 
Hughes,  C.  W.  Lenz. 

Jordan,  J.  H.  farmer,  Lenz, 
Jamme,  Joseph,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Jordan,  Addrew,    "        Lenz, 


Parkers  Lake, 

Parkers    Lake, 

Lenz, 

Lenz, 

Lenz, 

Lenz, 

Lenz, 


Minneapolis, 
Minneapolis, 
Parker's  Lake, 
Parker's  Lake. 


Lenz, 
Lenz, 

Parker's  Lake, 
Lenz, 


A. 

142 
40 

194 
80 
80 

200 

160 
80 


76 
80 
80 
346 
160 
40 
48 

80 
120 

120 

60 

200 

180 

80 

122 

100 

131 

80 

140 

100 

138 

80 

80 

107 

168 

40 

80 

116 

27 

40 

40 

40 

40 

80 

115 


s. 

9 
22 
32 

9 


5 
6 
6 
8 

15 
15 
22 
15 
36 
32 

4 

6 

6 

7 

31 

17 

18 

8 

2 

18 
18 
16 
18 
18 
19 
19 
20 
20 
22 
36 
4 
14 
19 
21 
18 
IS 

17 
17 
18 


694 


HISTOEY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


p.  o. 
JarcUne,  A.  G.  blacksmith, 

Lenz, 

Kobbs,  Lewis,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Kritz,  J.  farmer,         .  Parker's  Lake, 

Klausman,M.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Kraetz.  Frank,  farmer.  Wayzata, 

Kraetz,  Fred,  farmer,  Parker's  Lake, 

Kellet,  David,  Est.   "  Parker's  Lake, 

Lewcock,  G.  farmer,  Parker's  Lake, 

Le  Compt.  A.  farmer.  ^linueapolis, 

Lemmer.  P.  farmer,  Mumeapolis, 

Luby.  David,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Luby.  M.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Merchant.  S.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Marxen,  D.  farmer,  Mimieapolis, 

McGowan,  G.  farmer,  Parker's  Lake, 
Malmst«dt,  H.  G.  farm'r.  Parker's  Lake, 

McGowan,  M.  farmer,  Parker's  Lake, 
McGowan,  Phil,  farmer,  Parker's  Lake, 

Megelkoch.  J.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Miller,  J.  P.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Malmstedt  A.  farmer,  Parker's  Lake, 

McDonald  Dan,  Minneapolis, 

Xeumann  H.  farmer,  ilinneapolis, 

Noel,  Joseph,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Keumann,  J.  farmer,  Minneapolis. 

Osterd.  M.  farmer,  Parker's  Lake, 

Osborn.  E.  farmer,  Parker's  Lake, 

Ottaway,  T.  farmer,  Plymouth, 

Pomerleau,  F.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Pomerleau,  D.  farmer.  Lenz, 

Prohl.  Henry,  farmer,  Miimeapolis, 

Parker,  J.  M.  farmer,  Parker's  Lake, 

Parker.  Daniel  C.  far.  Parker's  Lake, 

Peoples,  Chris,  farmer.  MinneapoUs, 

Past,  J.  H.  machinist,  Monticello, 

Kooney,  James,  farmer,  Lenz, 

Koi.  Joseph,  farmer,  Lenz, 

Eoggeman,  AVm.  far.  Minneapolis, 

Eoggeman,  Jolm,  far.  Jlinneapolis, 

Easkop,  Peter,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Eoggeman,  L.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Kiley,  James,  farmer,  Lenz, 

Eoth,  Stephen,  farmer,  Parker's  Lake, 


Eoehl.  Nicholas,  far. 
Eossbach,  Charles, 
Eaths,  Jacob,  farmer, 
Badintz.  F.  farmer, 
Eadiutz,  "\Vm.  farmer, 


Parker's  Lake, 
Minneapolis, 
Parker's  Lake, 
Parker's  Lake, 
Wayzata, 


A. 

s. 

33 

68 

11 

80 

19 

148 

24 

239 

29 

80 

29 

179 

30 

80 

21 

122 

25 

40 

36 

145 

36 

40 

36 

SO 

10 

80 

12 

120 

28 

40 

28 

80 

34 

80 

34 

240 

27 

80 

oo 

8 

28 

80 

25 

160 

14 

72 

15 

96 

•)•> 

40 

27 

33 

28 

80 

32 

134 

4 

200 

7 

247 

11 

54 

28 

120 

28 

80 

13 

36 

80 

7 

40 

9 

160 

11 

160 

11 

80 

12 

200 

13 

72 

17 

80 

21 

120 

21 

67 

24 

160 

28 

148 

30 

40 

31 

P.  o. 
"Wayzata, 
Wayzata, 
"^'ayzata. 
Lenz, 
Lenz, 
Lenz, 
Lenz. 


Eyan,  "\Vm.  farmer, 

Eyan,  James,  farmer, 

Eodner.  A.  farmer. 

Schnlze,  John,  farmer, 

Schulze,  Eobt  farmer, 

Schmidt,  AVm.  farmer. 

Sdhmidt.  Carl,  farmer, 

SajidhofE,  Wm.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Smith.  Henn%  farmer.    MiimeapoUs, 

SchUtz  Wm.  farmer.       Minneapolis, 

Scblitz.  Herbert,  farmer.  Minneapolis, 

Sandhoff.  II.  A.  stock  raiser, 

Mimieapolis, 
Sandhoff.  A.  farmer,       Mmneapolis, 
Schmitz,  Peter,  farmer,  Parkers  Lake, 
Scherer,  Simon,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Schmitz.  Dennis.farmer.Lenz, 
Schmidt,  Anton,farmer,  Lenz, 
Schmitz,  Henry ,farmer,  Lenz, 
Scott,  H.  H.  farmer,        Minneapolis. 
Swiggart,  Chris,  farmer,  "Wayzata, 
Schiebe,  Carl,  hotel,        MinneapoUs, 
Smith.  H.  M.  farmer.      Minneapolis, 
Schmidt.F.H.B.  farmer.  Mimieapolis, 
Smith,  G.  C.  farmer,       Parkers  Lake, 
Sandhoff,  H.  A.  mason,  Minneapolis. 
Thies,  J.  P.  fanner,        MinneapoUs. 
Thies.  11.  farmer.  Minneapolis, 

Trittlewitz,  C.  farmer,    Lenz. 
Thompson,  A.  farmer,    Parkers  Lake 
Weeks,  S.  C.  farmer,       Mnineapolis. 
Wyendt,  M.  farmer,        iliimeapoUs, 
"Witzman,  John,  farmer,  MinneapoUs, 
"Welsh,  Barney,  farmer.  Parkers  Lake, 
Winnen,  P.  J.  farmer,    Parkers  Lake, 
Wirth,  T.  farmer,  Parkers  Lake, 

Waters,  E.  J.  engineer,  "Wayzata, 

KICHFIELD. 


Anderson,  Otto,  farmer. 
Booth,  J.  E.  florist, 
Brown,  J.  W.  farmer, 
Busch,  r.  gardener. 
Brown,  H.  F.  farmer. 
Baumgartner.  J.  farmer, 
Baird,  G.  "W.  farmer, 
Butterfield,  F.  farmer, 
BuU,  J .  A.  farmer, 
Baird,  J.  W.  miller. 


,  Eichfield, 

Minnehaha, 

Eichfield, 

Eichfield, 

MinneapoUs, 

Eichfield, 

MiimeapoUs, 

Jlinneapolis, 

^MinneapoUs, 

Eichfield. 


A.  s. 

80  34 

80  34 

93  31 

225  4 

80  5 

120  9 

80  11 

100  10 

320  11 

40  12 

80  12 

285  13 

160  12 

80  18 

45  16 

139  19 

80  20 

80  20 

70  31 

360  36 

80  36 

311  11 

176  26 

13 


95 
40 


80  20 

95  29 

194  25 

80  26 

60  27 

70  31 

33  32 

120  33 


10  22 

3  18 

80  14 

10  15 

159  18 

82  25 

120  18 

33 

158  IS 


TOWNSHIP  BIBECTOBIES. 


695 


p.  o. 

Baird,  J.  A.  miller,  Ricbfield. 
Bush,  Frederick,  f  mer,  Eichfleld, 
Cressey,  M.  G.  scliool  teaclier, 

Eichfleld, 
Craik,  Andrew,  mUler  and  fanner, 

Richfield, 
Clark,  C.  revenue  oflScer,  Minneapolis, 
Copley.  Mary,  farmer,      Iloplcins, 
Code,  John,  farmer,         Richfleld, 
Code,  Geo.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Couillard,  E.  A.  farmer,  Eichfleld, 
Cummings,  G.  W.  f "mer,  Minnehaha, 
Christian,  Peter,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Cassin,  David,  farmer,    Eichfleld, 
Carey,  John,  farmer,       Eichfleld, 
Carey,  E.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Couillard,  C.  farmer,  Eichfleld, 
Chase,  C.  C.  Eichfleld, 

Davis,  William,  f.irmer,  Eiclifield, 
Duggan,  John, farmer,  Eichfleld, 
Duggan,  Wm.  farmer,  Eichfleld, 
Davis,  r.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Davis,  B.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Delaney,  Mich,  farmer,  Eichfleld, 
Davis,  W.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Darey,  E.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Ewing,  W.  M.  wagon  maker, 

Minneapolis, 
Fitch,  D.  S.  farmer,         Richfleld, 
Fogarty,  Pat,  farmer,      Minneapolis, 
Fogarty,  W.  &  T.  farm'r  Minneapolis, 
Fortwmgler,  G.  farmer,  Slinneapolis, 
Fitzsimmons,  W.  farm'r,  Minneapolis, 
Gilman,  J.  F.  farmer,     Eichfleld, 
Graham  Eliz.  farmer,      Eichfleld, 
Gleeson,  M.  farmer,         Munieapolis, 
Gjertsen,  G.  J.  farmer,    Minnehaha, 
Gilmore,  J.  F.  gardener,  Eichfleld, 
Gibli,  C.  gardener,  Richfield, 

Hanscom,  B.  F.  farmer,  Richfleld, 
Hoag,  Charles,  farmer,    Minneapolis, 
Holman,  L.  II.  farmer,   Eichfleld, 
Heiss,  F.  J.  farmer,         Eichfleld, 
Holman,  L.  farmer,         Eichfleld, 
Heiss,  F.  J.  farmer,        Eichfleld, 
Hall,  A.  X.  farmer,         Richfield, 
Hohag,  C.  A.  farmer,      Minneapolis, 
Hubbard,  O.  conductor,  M.  &  St.  Paul. 
Minneapolis, 


15  15 

10  15 

160  18 

80  15 

80  31 

40  32 

200  19 

114  20 
33  19 

371  36 

120  18 

94  8 

40  6 

160  34 

20  15 

160  18 

105  4 

126  4 

115  5 
80  5 

200  31 

160  18 

214  5 

18 

145  28 

80  30 

206  8 


267 
60 


230 
253 


31 
6 


80     21 


27 
6 


81  24 

2  15 

10  16 

1(10  14 

125  22 

32  33 

80  19 

62  21 

19 

72  22 

34  30 

farmer, 

200  28 


MinneapoUs, 
Eich  field, 
Minneapolis, 
Miimeapolis, 


p.  o, 
Hirt,  John,  farmer,  Minnehaha, 

Haeg,  Charles,  farmer,    Minnehaha, 
Hausler,  Mary,  farmer,  Eichfleld, 
Hayward,  Jesse,  florist,   Minnehaha, 
Humphrey,  L.L.  farmer,  Eichfleld, 
Hall,  E.  T.  farmer,  Eichfleld, 

Hopkins,  M.  M.  farmer,  Richfleld, 
Hallenback,  F.H.  far'er,Fort  Snellmg, 
Hawkes,  J.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Irwin,  G.  W.  farmer,      Richfield, 
Irwin,  E.  F.  farmer,        Eichfleld, 
Johnson  Peter,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Kyte,  John,  farmer,       Minneapolis, 
King,  E.  E.  farmer, 
Kiesel,  Leo.  farmer. 
Lane,  W.  H.  farmer, 
Lyons,  W.  farmer, 
Lucas,  Harmon,  farmer,  Richfield, 
Larson,  L.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Mosier,  I.  H.  farmer,  Richfleld, 
Millam,  Geo.  miller,  Minneapolis, 
Maloney,  M.  F.  farmer,  Hopkins, 
Makowsky,  J.  Jr.  f "mer,  Hopkins, 
Manton,  J.  R.  clergyman,  Richfleld, 
McGrath,  Pat.  farmer,  Minneapolis 
Murphy,  W.  farmer, 
McCauley,  D.  farmer, 
Moriarty,  T.  farmer, 
Moriarty,  T.  L.  farmer 
McCabe,  M.  farmer, 
Kusser,  John,  farmer, 
Odell,  Geo.  farmer, 
Odell,  Howard  C.  with  L.  Day  &  Sons, 

Minneapolis. 
Page,  T.  blacksmith, 
Pratt,  J.  J.  farmer, 
Pahl,  Frank,  farmer, 
Place,  D.  N.  farmer, 
Peters,  Thomas,  hotel 


Minneapolis, 

Minneapolis, 

Minneapolis, 

Minneapolis, 

Richfield, 

Fort  Snelling, 

Richfleld, 


Eichfield, 
Richfleld, 
Fort  Snelling, 
Minneapolis, 
Minnehaha. 


Richardson,  J.  N.  merchant,  Richfleld, 


Ryan,  Pat.  farmer, 
Ray,  T.  J.  farmer, 
Roberts,  J.  A.  farmer, 
Eyau,  James,  farmer. 
Scales,  E.  A.  farmer, 
Schulz,  Henry,  fanner, 
Self,  Thomas,  farmer. 
Sly,  F.  farmer, 
Sly,  Gilbert,  farmer, 


Minneapolis, 

MinneapoUs, 

Eichfleld, 

Minneapohs, 

Mimiebaha, 

Hopkins, 

Hopkins, 

Richfleld, 

Richfield, 


A.  S. 

113  25 

312  25 

160  25 
18 

100  28 

80  35 

160  30 

40  36 

120  29 

160  30 

141  33 

6  18 

316  31 

162  29 

220  32 

120  20 

120  22 

22 

4J  28 

40  16 

42  18 

160  30 

200  30 

46  28 

160  30 

80  8 

249  6 

80  31 

100  32 

240  32 

40  31 

96  27 


10  22 

115  22 

160  31 

220  28 

15 

80  32 

80  35 

36  30 

91  30 

6  13 

160  29 

120  29 

160  19 

19 


696 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


p.  0. 

A. 

s. 

p.  o. 

A. 

s. 

Stewart, George,  farmer,  Richfield, 
Slaven,  Owen,  farmer,    ISIinneapolis, 
Scott  M.  E.  farmer,          Minnehaha, 

128 

80 
80 

23 

31 
36 

Hessbiu^,  C.  stock  farm,  Minneapolis, 
Hilgedick,  E.  farm  and  dairy, 

Minneapolis, 

23 
114 

11 
2 

Schiinmel  Aug.  farmer 
Schnessler,  P.  farmer, 

Fort  Snelling, 
Riclifield, 

73 
160 

31 

7 

Ingenhuett,  W.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Kampff,  Louis,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

66 

88 

3 
11 

Smith,  J.  L.  farmer. 

Minneapolis, 

14 

Kletzin,  M.  F.  gardener,  Minneapolis, 

30 

12 

Stansfield,  J.  farmer. 

Minneapolis, 

120 

14 

Lewis,  U.  laborer,            ilinneapolis, 

10 

Tierney,  James,  farmer 

•.  Riclifield. 

80 

29 

McCarty,  O.  farmer,        Minneapolis, 

10 

12 

Tracy  C.  Mrs.  farmer, 
Wilcox,  H.  K.  farmer, 

Minneapolis, 
Richfield, 

210 
120 

32 
27 

Moulton,  T.  farmer,        Mimieapolis, 
Moore,  L.  farmer,           Minneapolis, 

28 
5 

12 
12 

Wright,  E.  A.  farmer, 

Fort  Snelling, 

109 

31 

Moore,  D.  I),  farmer,      ^Minneapolis, 

6 

Wood,  John,  fiirmer. 
Wilson,  F.  J.  farmer, 
Yancy,  B.  C.  farmer, 

:Minneapolis, 

Richfield, 

Mmneapolis, 

80 
125 

68 

5 

28 
28 

O'Brien,  Dennis,  f  "mer,  Minneapolis, 
Oberlies,John,carpenter,Minneapolis, 
Nathan.  M.  farmer,         IMinneapolis, 

95 

2 

SO 

11 

10 

6 

ST.  ANTHONY. 

Parker,  D.  C.  bookkpr.    Jilinueapolis.] 
Philbrook,  R.  B.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

96 

6 

Burg,  Adam,  farm  and 

nursery. 

Phillips,  N.  O.  farmer,    Itlinneapolis, 

76 

6 

Bohiyi.  T.  farmer. 

Minneapolis, 
Minneapolis, 

26 
40 

3 

18 

Pierro,  M.  gardner,          Minneapolis, 
Smiley,  A.  farm  and  dairy. 

20 

11 

Carlin,  K.  farmer, 
Cooley,  Edwm,  farmer, 
Costlo,  John,  farmer. 

Minneapolis, 
Minneapolis, 
Minneapolis. 

10 

160 

i 

11 

7 
12 

Minneapolis, 
Swahn,  J.  G.  potter,       Minneapolis, 
Swanson,  C.  J.  brick  manufactiu-er, 

20 
4 

6 
10 

Estes,  Charles,  farmer,    Minneapolis, 
Enstis,  E.  S.  farmer,       Minneapolis, 
Grindall,  Olin,  farmer.    Minneapolis, 
Grmdall,  C.  J.  farmer  and  teamster. 

229 
247 

80 

0 

30 

1 

Minneapolis. 
Thiry,  Frank,  farmer,     Minneapolis, 
Upham,  F,  M.  Fertilizing  Company, 

iliuneapolis. 

160 

6-7 

Grotjam,  W.  farmer, 
Gluek,  G.  brewer, 
Grindall,  C.  B.  farmer, 
Grindall,  Elijah,  farmer 

Minneapolis, 
Minneapolis, 
Minneapolis, 
Minneapolis, 
Minneapolis, 

40 

30 

5 

11 

1 
10 
10 

1 
1 

Weeks,  A.  II.  mason  and  farmer, 

Minneapolis, 
White,  L.  1).  gardener,   Minneapolis, 
Wardsworth,  G.  G.  far'r,  Minneapolis, 

35 

5 

20 

12 
12 

11 

INDEX. 


697 


INDEX 


EXPLOREES  AND  PIONEERS  OV  MINNESOTA. 


PAGE 

Abraham,  Plains  of 1 

Accault  (Ako)  Michael,  compan- 
ion of  Hennepin.  10, 1-. 20, 2 1,24,    2fi 

Described  bv  La  Salle.. 18 

Leader  of  Mississippi  Explo- 
rations     lii 

Aehiwnaca  arrested  by  Perrot. .    12 
Tried  for  ninrder  before  Du 

Lnth 13 

Dealb  of H 

Aioupz,  see  loways. 

Ako,  see  Accanlt. 

Albane',    Jesnit    missionary   at 

Sault  ht   Marie 11 

Allonez,  Jesnit  missionary  visits 

La  Pointe    -1 

At  Lake  NepiRon 4 

Meels  the  Sionx  at  the  ex- 
tremity of  Lake  Superior:       4 

Describes  the  Si"ux 4 

Ames,  M.  E.,  early  lawyer 122 

Anderson,  Captain  in  British  ser- 
vice  81 

Anderson,  trader  under  Dickson, 

at  Leech  Lake 77 

Andrews,  Joseph,  killed  by  Sis- 

seton  Sioux !*2 

Aquipagnetin.  Sioux  chief  men- 
tioned bv  Hennepin 21,    27 

Assinehoines 2,  9, 23,  4.',  4(j,  Co 

Assinebciine  River,  called  by  the 

French  St.  Charles 59 

Au^elle,  AnlliBiiy,  alias   Picard 
du  Gay,  associate  of  Hennepin 

10,  18,  2:',  24,    2R 
Ayer,   Frederick,   missionary  to 

Ojibways 107 

Ayoes,  see  loways. 

Baker,  B.  F.,  Indian  trader U2 

Baillv,  Alexis,  drives   cattle   to 

Pembina 93 

MemUerof  Legislature 93 

Balcombe,  St.  A .  D 127 

Baldwin  School,  now  Macalester 

College,  incorporated 12.5 

Opened  in  June,  1853 125 

Balfour,  Cajitain 62 

Bass,  J.   w.,  early  settler  at  St. 

Paul ' 116 

Bear    dance  of  the    Sioux   de- 
scribed      83 

Beanharnois,  Governor,    favors 

Verendrye 68 

Beaujeu,  urged  by  Langlade  of 

Wisconsin,  defeats  Braddock..    61 
Bellin,Geographer,notices  Ocha- 

gachs'  map 87 

Alludes  to  Fort  Rouge  on  Red 

river    87 

Fort  on  St.  Croix  River 112 

Bellinzany,  of   "Paris"  receives 
specimens   of    Lake   Superior 

copper 

Beltrami,  G.  C.  notice  of 93 

Arrives  at  Fort  Snelling 93 

Accompanies  Major  Long —    94 
Discovers  northern    sources 

of  the  MissLssippi  94 

Berthot,     Co'.in,    murdered     at 

Keweenaw 

Bishop,   Harriet   E.,  establishes 

school  in  St.  Paul 114 

Black  River,  called  Chabadeba..    18 
Blue  Earth  River  explored  ...4.5,    47 

Supposed  mines  at 47 

Fort  on 47 

li'Evaque  visits S 


PAGE  1  TO  128. 

PAGE 

Boal,  J.  M.,  early  settler  at  St. 

Paul 116,  118 

Bobe,  exposes  La  Hontan's  mis- 
statements      36 

Bottineau,    J.    B.,    exposed  in  a 

snowstorm 102 

Boi.sgnillot,  early  traderon  Wis- 
consin and  Mississippi 32 

Boucher.  Mane,  moiher  of  Ver- 
endrye.     58 

Boucher,  Pierre,  described  Lake 

Superior  copper  mines    7 

Father  of  Sieur  de  Le  Per- 

riere 51 

Bouclierville,    officer    at    Lake 

Pepin  53 

"    "■  54 

54 
48 
49 


Goods  furnished  to  Indian: 

Captured  bv  Indians 

Boudor,  trades  with  the  Sioux... 

Attacked  by  the  Foxes 

Bougaiuville,    mentions    Indian 

tribesseenby  Verendrve 60 

Boutwell,  Rev.  W.  T.,  Ojibway 

missionary 106.113 

Removes  to  Stillwater Ill 

Js'oiice  of  Stillwater 114 

Kiaddock's  defeat 61 

Bradley,  one  of  Pike's  cornorals    76 
Bremer.  I'redricka.  Swedish  nov- 
elist in  Minnesota 122 

Brisbin,  J.B .  127 

Brisbois,  Lieut,  in  British  service    81 

Brissette,  Edwaril,  no  ice  of 114 

Brown,  Joseph  R.,  drummer  boy 

at  Fnrt  Snelling  95 

Trading  post  at  Lake  Trav- 

er.se 102 

Keeps  a  grog  shop  for  .soldiers  1U3 

At  Grey  Cloud  Island 113 

Member  of  Wisconsin  Legis- 
lature  113 

Makes  a  town  site  near  Still- 
water   113 

Secretary  of  Couneil.  1849....  119 

Bruce,  trader  at  Green  Bay 63 

Brunson,     Rev.    A.,    Methodist 

Missionary  HI,  113 

Brunson.  H.  W. 119 

Brusky, Charles,  Indian  trader..    77 
Bulger,   Capt.,   surrenders   Fort 

McKav  81 

Buhver.  Sir  K.  L.,  translation  of 

Sioux  Death  Song 67 

Cadillac, La  Motte,on  route  to  the 

Pacilic ?6 

In  Command  at  Detroit  4S 

Alludes  to  Le  Sueur 48 

Alludes  to  Boudor's  expedi- 
tion     48 

On  the  selling  of  brandy  to 

Indians 16 

Cameron.  Murdock,  sells  liquor 

to  Indians      74 

Campbell.  Colin,  interpreter 92 

Carver's  Cave  mentioned... 66,  78,    84 
Carver, Capt.  Jonathan,  early  life 

of......  61 

In  battle  of  Lake  George 64 

An  ival  at  Mackinaw 61 

Describes  the  fort  at  Green 

Bay 64 

Visits  Winnebago  Village....    64 

Visits  Fox  Village 64 

Describes  I'rairie  du  Chieii...    64 
Describes  earth  works  at  Lake 

Pepin 65 

Describes  cave  atSt.  Paul....    66 


OK 

66 
66 
67 
67 
67 


Describes.Falls  of  St..\ntliony 
Describes  .Minnesota  river... 

Descri  bes  funeral  rites 

Reports  speech  of  Sioux  chief 
Speech  versified  by  Schiller.. 
Translation    by   Bulwer   and 

Heischell 67,    68 

His  al.eged   deed   for  Sioux 

land 70 

U.  S.  Senate  rejects  his  claims    70 
Grandsonsof,  visit  Minnesota    82 

Caumonl,  Sieur  de 32 

Cnagonamikon  visited  by  Grosel- 

liers  and  Radissou 2 

Charlevoix  on  La  Hontan's  fabri- 
cations       36 

On  Le  Sueur's  mining  opera- 
tions     45 

Chatfleld,  A.G.,  Territorial  Judge  125 
(U)ippewa\,Iiuiians,see  Ojibways 
Chouart,  Medaril,  see  Grosellters 
Chrisliiiaux  menlioned  ...      .43,    44 
Clark,  Lt.  Natlian,  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing     90 

Letters  from  Geii.  Gibson —    (4 

Arrests  Sionx 98 

Coe,  Rev..\lvan,  visits  Fort  Snell- 
ing in  1829  100 

Constans,  William 121 

Convention  to  form  a  State  Con- 
stitution   128 

Cooper,  David, Territorial  Judge.  118 
Copp-'r  mines  of  Lake  Superior, 

Early  Notice  of 7 

A.  D  16  0  described  by  Sagard      7 
A.D.I64  described  byBoucher      7 

Of  Isie  lioyal 7 

OfOutanagcm 7 

Copper    sent   to    Bellinzany,  in 

raris 7 

Copper  mines  spoken  of  by  Talon, 

A.  D.  1669  7 

Coqu  id.   Father,    accompanies 

Verenarye 60 

Mentions    Rocky    Mountain 

Indians 60 

Eulogy  of  St.  Pierre 61 

Cratte,  Ol'iver 102 

Dakotahs    or    Dahkotahs,    see 

Sioux 

D'Avagour,  Governor  of  Canada, 

opinion  of  the  region 

West  of  Lake  ^5Upelior 1 

Day,  Dr.  David  124 

De   Corbiere,    Lieut,    at    Lake 

Champlain 62 

De   Gonor,   Jesuit,    visits   Lake 

Pepin  51,    58 

Returns  to  Canada 54 

Converses  witli  Verendrye...    58 
De  la  Bane,  Governor,  notices 

Du  Luth  II 

Sends  Perrot  to  the  Sionx —    29 
De  la  Jemerave,  see  Jemeraye.. 
De  la  Tour,  .lesuits  missionary..    13 
Ue  la  Tourette,  Greysolon, broth- 
er of  Du  Luth     10 

De  Lignery,  see  Lignery 

De  I^usignan,  visits  the  Sioux....    75 
Denis,  Canadian  voyageur,  joins 

Le  Sueur 42 

Denonville,    Governor,    attacks 

Senecas 15 

Orders  Duluth  to  build  a  Fort    16 

Sends  for  w.  stern  allies 30 

Commissions  Du  Luth 32 


698 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

Denton,  Rev.  D.,  mission;iry  to 

Sioux Ill 

D'Kspiit.  Pierre,  see  Kadisson. .. 
D'Evaiiue,   in    cliaige    of    Fort 

L'Hiiillier  48 

Alianilons  the  Fort 48 

Devotion.   M.,    sutler    at    Fort 

Snelilni;...     91 

D'lberville,  Gov.,  criticises  Hen- 
nepin     28 

ilelative  of  Le  Sueur 39 

Wemorial  on   tribes  of    the 

iMississippi 45,    4G 

Diesliau.  Baron 61 

Dickson,  Col.  Robert,  visits  l.t. 

Pike 77 

'I'lMilini;  post  at  Grand  Rapids    78 

At  Mendota "< 

Durina:  war  of  1812 80,    81 

At  t.alve  Traverse 8a 

At  Kort  Snellinu OX,    ac 

William,  son  of  Robert ii(i 

Du  Clesnean,  intendant  of  Can- 
ada, complains  of  Dniulh 11 

Du  Lntli,  Daniel  Grevsolon,  early 

lile  ol  ". ...   9 

Various  spellings  of  his  name     9 
Plants  Kings  Arms  at  Mille 

Lacs  9 

Establishes  a  Fort  at  Kaman- 

istigo.\a !) 

Decends  theSt.Croi-  river  II,  1)2 
Sends  beaver  skins  to  New 

England 11 

Attends  a  conference  at  Que- 
bec      11 

Visits  France 11 

Returns  to  Mackinaw 11 

Arrests  anil  executes  Indians 

at  Sault  St.  I\Iarie 11 

Censured  by  Louis  XIV 14 

Brings  allies  to  Niagara,  for 

De  la  Harie 15 

Establishes  a  Fort  on  Lake 

Erie 15 

In  battle  with  the  Senecas. . .    15 
Returns  to  Lake  Erie    with 

his  cousin  Tontv IG 

Brother  of,  from  Lake  Nepi- 

gon 10 

Disapproves  of  selling  bran- 
dy to  Indians IC 

In  conmiaud  at  Fort  Frou- 

tenac 16 

Afflicted  with  the  gout. 17 

Death  of 17 

At  Falls  of  St.  Anthony. ..18,    26 

Meets  Hennepin 25 

Tribute  to 27 

His  tcuir  from  Lake  Superior 

to  Mississippi 112 

Meets  Accault  and  Hennepin  1 12 
Protects     F'renchmeu    from 

Illinois 112 

Du  Pay,  a  voyageur 10 

Durantaye,  commander  at  Mac- 
kinaw     33 

At  Ticonderoga 62 

At  Niagara l.'i 

Ely,  E.  ¥.,  missionary  teacher. ...  110 
Emerson,  surgeon  at  Fort  Snell- 

ing.  complains  of  grocgeries.. .  103 
Enjalran,   Jesuit  missionary   at 

Saidt  St.  Marie 11     13 

Wounded  in  flght  with  Sene- 
cas     15 

English  at  Hudson  Bay lo 

Etienne.  Claude,  widow  of 1 

FaHart.interpretei  tor  DuLuth.    lu 

Visits  the  Sionx U 

Descends  the  St.  ijroix  River.  1 1 
At  Falls  of  Saint  Anthony...    18 

Meets  Hennepin 25 

Falls  of   Saint   Anthony,    First 

white  man  at 25 

First  mill  at 93     94 

Described  by  La  Salle 19 

Described  by  Hennepin.  24, 2.5  26 
Described  by  Lt.Z.M.l"ike,75,  76 
Describedby  Major  Long  ...    So 

Women  drawn  over 99 

First  newspaper  at f>3 

Bndjre.  First  across  Missis- 
sippi  126 


PAGE 

Fiiewoiks  at  Fort  Beauharnois.    52 

Fisher,  trader  at  Green  Bav 63 

Fitch,  pioneer  in  St.Crnix  Vallev,  112 
Flat  Month.  Ojibwav  Chief,  visits 

Fort  Snelling  A.  D.  1827 97 

His  party  attacked  by  Sioux.    98 

(iratifies  his  vengeance 99 

Referred  to  bv  Nicollet 102 

Foi'syth,  Major  Thomas,  accom- 
panies   first    troops    to    Fort 

Snelling  91 

Pays  Indians  for  reservation.    91 
Fort  Beauharnois  established,  A. 

D.  1727,  at  Lake  Pepin 51     52 

Fireworks  displayed  at 5.') 

High  water  at 53,    55 

Commanded  bv  St.  Pierre,  56,    .57 

Fort  Crawford....' 100 

La   Reine,  on  rivtr  Assine- 

boine 33, 

Le  Sueur,  below  Hastings. 
L'Hinllier.on  BlueEarth  river 

Built  by  Le  Sueur 

Left  in  charge  of  D'Evaque 

Maurepas 

McKay 

Perrot,  at  Lake  Pepin 

Konge,  of  Ked  River 

Shelby.at  Prairie  duChien  ,80, 
Fort  Snelling,  site  secnrd  by  Lt. 

Pike  

Major  Long's  opinion 

Order  to  establish  the  post. .. 
Troops  for.at  Prairie  du  Chien 
Birth  of  Charlotte  Ouisconsiu 

Clark 

Events  of  A.  D  1819 

Major  Forsyth  pays  Sioux  for 

reservation 91 

Col.  Leavenworth  arrives  at 

Mendota 

First  ollicers  at  cantonment.. 

Red  River  men  arrive  at 

Events  of  A.  D.  1820 

Major     Taliaferro,      Indian 

a^ent at 

Troops  at  Camp  Cold  Water  . 
Cass  and  Schoolcraft  visits.. 
Col.  Snelling  succeeds  Leav- 
enworth       92 

Ofhcers  at,  October,  1820 92 

Impressive  scene  at 93 

Events  of  A.  D.  1821 93 

Advance  in  building 93 

Events  of  A.  D.  1822,  A.  D.I823    91 

First  steamboat- at 93 

Beltrami,  the  Italian,  at.  ..93,  94 
Major  S.  H.  Long  arrives  at..    94 

Government  mill  near 94 

Sunday  School  at 94 

Eventsof  A.D.  1824 95 

General  Scott,  suggests  name 

for  fort 95 

Events  of  A.  D.  1825,  and  1826,    96 

Mail,  arrival  at 96 

Sioux  woman  kills  herself.... 
Great  snow  storm,  March. 1826 
High  watei  at.  April  21,  1826. 
Slaves  belonging  to  ofticers.at 
Steamboat  arrivals  to  close  of 

1826 

Duels  at 

General  Gaines  censures  Col- 
onel of 97 

Events  of  A.  D.  1827 98 

F'lat  Mouth.   Ojibway  chief, 

visits  in  1827 98 

Attacked  by  Sionx  98 

Soldieis  arrest  Sionx 99 

Colonel  Snelling  deliversmur- 

deiers  for  execution 

Coustrticiion  of,  criticised  by 

(ieneral  Gaines 

Rev.  Alva  Coe  in  1829  preach 

es  at „„ 

Health  of  troops  at 101 

Desertion  at loi 

J.  N.  Nicollet  arrives  at, ...   .  102 

Marriages  at 102,  10s,  120 

Siouxand  Ojibwaysflglit  near  103 
Annoyed  by  whisky  sellers..  103 
Presbyterian  church  at 108 


87 
37 
43 
43 
47 
58 
81 
29 
87 
81 

75 
88 
90 
90 

90 
91 


91 
91 
91 
91 

91 
91 
92 


96 
96 


97 


97 
97 


99 
100 


106 


PAGE 
Steamer  Palmyra  at,  in  .Tuly, 
1838.  with  notice  of  ratifica- 
tion of  Indian  treaties 112 

Indian   council    held   at   by 

Governor  Ramsey 121 

Fort  St.  Anthony,  now'Snelling..    95 
St.  Cliarles.  on  Lake  of  the 

Woods 58 

St.  .loseph  on  Lake  Erie,  es- 
tablished by  Du  Luth  16 

St.  Pierre,  on  Rainy  Lake 58 

Foxes  attempt  to  Pillage    Fort 

Perrot 30 

Interview  with  Perrot 31 

Mentioned. 33.  37,  38,  48,  46,  .54,     55 
Attack  French  at  Blue  Earth 

River 48 

Surrender  to  Louvigny 60 

Visited  bv  Guignas 52 

Franklin,  Sir.Iohn,  relics  of,  pass 

through  St.  Paul  126 

Frontenac.  Governor  of  Canada.    10 

Friend  of  Dninth  11 

Leiter  to  by  Cadillac  16 

Expedition  against  the  Onei- 

das 16 

Encourages  Le  Sueur 39 

Forbids     trading    with     the 

Sioux 49 

Frazer,  trader  78 

Enters  the  Britisli service  ...    80 
Fuller.  Jerome,  Territorial  Chief 

JiLStice 123 

Fuiber,  J.  W.  127 

Galissoniere,  Governor  of  Cana- 
da, notice  of 69 

Galtier.    Rev.    L.,     builds   first 

chapel  in  St.  Paul 114 

Gavui,  Rev.  Daniel,  missionary.,  in 
Gibson,  General,  letters  relative 

to  St.  Anthony  mill 94 

Gillam,  Capt.Zachary  of  Boston 
accompanied  by  Groselliers 
and  Radi.sson  sails  for  Hudson's 

Bay  in  ship  Nonesuch 5 

Goodhue,  James  M.,  first  Minne- 
sota editor 117 

Death  of 124 

Goodrich,     Aaion,     Territorial 

Judge 118 

Removal  of 123 

Gorman,  Willis  A.  Governor....  125 

Gorrell.Lieut.  at  Green  Bav 62 

Graham,  Duncan,  in  British  ser- 
vice  81 

Ar-rivesat  Foit  Snelling lOO 

Jane,  daughter  of   Duncan 

married 102 

Grant,  trader  at  Sandy  Lake  vis- 
ited by  Pike 77 

Gravier,  Father  James,  criticises 

Hennepin 28 

Greeley.  Elam 109 

Griffin,  La  Salle's  ship 10 

Voyage  10  Green  Bay 19 

Crew  pillage  and  desert  to 

ti  e  Sioux 10 

Grignon,  Captain  in  British  ser- 
vice  78,    81 

Groselliers,  Sieur,  early  life,...l,     6 

Marriage 1 

Son  of  2,     6 

Second  marriage 2 

Visits  Mille  Lacs  region 2 

Is  told  of  the  Mississippi...  .      2 

Meets  the  Assineboines 2 

Returns  to  Montreal  in  1660..      2 
Second  visit  to  Lake  Superior     2 

Visits  Hudsons  Bay 4 

Name  given  to  what  is  now 

Pigeon  River 5 

Visits  New  England  6 

Paris 5 

London 5 

Flnconraged  by  Prince  Rupert    5 
Sails  for  Hudson's  Bay  witli 

a  Boston  sea  captain 5 

Referred  to  by  Talon 6 

Death  of 6 

Guignas,  Father,  missionary  at 

F'ort  Beauliarnois 51 

Describes   journey   to   Lake 

Pepin 52 

Fort  Beauharnois 63 


INDEX. 


699 


Guignas,  Father,  page 

Captured  bv  Indians 54 

Nearly  burned  alive 55 

Ketiiriis  to  Lake  Pepin 56- 

Gnn,  grandson  of  Carver 82 

Hainault.  Elizabeth 2 

Madeline 2 

Hall,     Kev.   Sherman    Ojibway 

missionary 1U7 

Moves  to  Sauk  Rapids Ill 

Havner,  H.  Z.,  Chief  Justice  of 

Territory  124 

Hempstead  accompanies  Major 

Long,  A.  D.  1817  82 

Hennepin  Louis,  Franciscan  mis- 
sionary, earlv  life  of If) 

Date  or  his  first  book 18,    19 

Cnlii'isni  (if  first  book 19 

Di-preeiiites  .lesnits 18 

Mcels  a  Siinix  war  party 19 

At    the    marsh   below    Saint 

Paul  19,20    22 

At  Falls  of  St.  Anthony 

16,22,24,    25 

Denounced  bv  La  Salle 19 

Chaplain  of  La  Salle 20 

Kis  false  map  20 

At  Lake  I'epin 22 

Mak'  s  a  dictionary 23 

Baptizes  an  infant 23 

Met  by  Du  Luth 25 

Career  on  return  to  Europe..    25 
His   first   and    second   book 

compared 26 

Replies  to  objectors 27 

Critic-isecl  by  D'lberville 28 

Criii.Mseil  by  Father  Gravier    28 

His  later  da\s  28 

Opinion  of  Jesuit  Missions. ..  106 

HennissC.  J  editor 122 

Her,schell.   Sir  John,   translates 

Schiller's  song  of  Si  mx  Chief..    68 
Historical    Society,   first    public 

meeting 119 

Hobart,  Kev.C 119 

Holcomb.Capt.  William 110 

Hole-in-the-Day.  the  father,  at- 
tacks the  Sioux 103 

Visits  Fort  Snellingin  1828...  103 

Attacked  hv  Sioux  ..  103 

Visits  FortSnel'ing  in  1839...  103 

Pursueil  bv  the  Sioux 103 

Hole-in-the-Day,  Junior,  attacks 

Sioux  near  St  Paul 121 

On    flr.st    steamboat   above 

Falls  of  St.  Anth..ny 121 

Howe,  earlv  settler  at  Marine. . .  113 
Hud.son's  Bay  visited^by  Grosell- 

iei's 4,     5 

By  Radisson 5 

By  Capt.  Zachary  Gillam 5 

Hugg'ins,  Alexander,  mission  far- 

nfer.. 107 

Hurons  driven  to  Minnesota 2 

Dwell  with  lowavs 2 

Live  on  Isle  of  the  Mississippi      2 
Remove  to  sources  of  Black 

River 2 

Unite   with   O^tawas   at   La 

Pointe 4 

At  War  with  the  Sioux  4 

Disastrous  defeat  4 

Retreat  to  Mackinaw     4 

Indiana  Territory,  organized  ...     73 
Indians    of    Mississippi    Valley, 
earliest  cinnmunication  about.    46 
Upper  Missouri,  seeu  by  Ver- 

eiKlrye 00 

Minnesota 104 

loways,  visited  by  Hurons 2 

Visit  Perroi  at  Lake  Pepin.  .    29 

Mentioned 39,  42,43,44,    45 

Iroquois,    Virgin,   her  interces- 
sion sought  bv  Dn  Luth 17 

Isle,  Pelee,  of  the  Mississippi  be- 
low St.  Croix  River 37 

Isle  Royal,  copper  in  1667,  noticed     7 

Itasca,  orii;in  of  word 107 

Jackson,  Henry,  early  settler  iu 

St.  Paul 114,  115 

Jemeraje,  Sieur  de  la,  witli  the 

Sioux 56 

Nephew  of  Verendrye 58 

Explores  to  Rainy  Lake... 68,    59 
Prepares  a  map 58 


PAGE 

Death  of .59 

Jesuit.  Father  Allouez 4 

('hardon  .52 

De  donor 51 

De  la  Chasse 51 

GuigUils     51,54,55,    50 

(iuvnnineau  51 

Maripiette 5 

Menai-d 2,     3 

Messayer 58 

Jesuit  missions  unsuccessful.  ...  106 
Jesuit  missionaries  promised  the 

Sioux    51 

Johnson,  Parsons  K 119 

Joufiuiere,  Governor  of  Canada.    60 

Fort  established 60 

Juchereau  at  the  mouth  of  the 

Wisconsin  48 

Conciliates  the  Foxes 49 

Judd,  early  seitler  at  Marine  .  .  113 
Kalm,  Professor,  notices  Veren- 
drye      59 

Kaposia  Chief  requests  a  mis- 
sionary   114 

Keel  boats  from    Fort  Snelling 

attacked 99,  100 

Kennerman,  Pike's sei'geant 76 

Kertk,  see  Kirk 

Kickapoos,  at  Fort  Perrot 30 

Mention  of 40,46,54,    56 

Capture  French   from  Lake 

Pepin 54 

King,  grandson  of  Carver 82 

Kirk.  Sir  David  Kirk,  brother-in 

law  of  Radisson 1 

Lac  Vienx  Desert 3 

La  Hontan.  his  early  life  35 

Book  of  travels 35 

Arrives  at  Fort  St.  Joseph,  on 

Lake  Erie 35 

Ascent  of  the  Fox  River 35 

Descends  the\VisC(Uisin  River    35 
Alleged  voyage  of  the  Long 

River 36 

Pronoimced  a  fabrication,  in 

1716,  bvBobe  36 

Critii'ise'd  b/  Charlevoix 36 

Noticed  bv  Nicollet 36 

Laidlow  travels  from  Selkirk  set- 
tlement to  Prairie  duChien —    91 
ijiings  wheat  by  boat  to  Pem- 
bina     91 

At  Fort  Snelling 33 

Lac  qui  Parle  mission 109 

Lake  Calhoun,  Indian  farm  es- 

tahli-hed 106 

Lake  Harriet,  mission  described    109 
Lake  i'epin,  called  Lake  of  Tears 

Described  in  A.  D.  1700 41 

Fort  Perrot  at 29 

Fint  Beauharnois  at 53 

Lake  of  the  Oitawas 3 

Lake  Pokeguma  Mission 109 

Battleat 109 

La  Monde,  a  voyageur 10 

l^anilsing,  trader,  killed 63 

Lambert,  David,  early  settler  in 

St.  Paul lis 

Lambert.  Henry  A,,  early  settler 

in  St.  Paul    119 

LiiiKlade,  of  Green   Bay,  urges 

attack  of  Braddock 61 

Near  Lake  George 62 

La  Pen  iere,  Sieur  de,  proceeds  to 

Sioux  country  31 

Son  of  Pierre  Boucher 51 

Arrives  at  Lake  Pepin 62 

Builds  Fort  Beauharnois..  ..    62 
His  brother.  Montbrun,  cap- 
tured by  Indians 53 

La  Place,a  French  deserter  killed 

bv  the  Sioux 42 

La  Porte,  see  Louvigiiy. 
La  Potherie  describes  Fort  Per- 
rot, at  Lake  Pepin 29 

Larnenieur,  A.,  early  settler  at 

St.  Paul  ,---\:-y  ""^ 

La  Salle  licensed  to  trade  in  buf- 
falo robes    10 

Builds  ship  Griffin 10 

His  crew  desert 10 

Criticises  Du  Lutli 10,  18 

His  Pilot  attempts  to  join  Du- 

Luth 10 


PAGE 

First  to  describe  Upper  Mis- 
sissippi         18 

Describes  Falls  of  Saint  An- 
thony      19 

Poor  opinion  of  Hennepin 19 

La  Taupine,  see  Moreau. 
Laurence,  Phineas,  pioneer  in  St, 

Croix  Valley 113 

Leach,  Calvin,  a  founder  of  Still- 
water   113 

Lead  mines  on  Mississippi    33 

Described  by  Penicaut 34 

Leavenworth,  Colonel,  establish- 
es Fort  Snelling 90 

Arrival  at  Mendota 91 

Changes  his  cantonmeut....    91 

Relieved  by  Snelling  92 

Le  Due,  Philip,  robbed  near  nor- 
thern bnundaryof  Minnesota..    61 
Legardeur,  Augustine,  associate 

of  Perrot 32 

See  St.  Pierre. 
Legislitnre,     First     Territorial, 

liieets  Jan.,  1849,  officers  of 119 

Second     Territorial,     meets 

Jan..  18,50.  officers  of 122 

Third  Territorial,  meets  Jan., 

1852,  officers  of 124 

Foui  th  Territorial,meets  Jan. 

1853.  officers  of  124 

Filth  Territorial,  meets  Jan., 

18.54  officers  of 128 

Sixth  Teriitiuial,  meets  Jan., 

1855.  officers  of  126 

Seven' h    Territorial,    meets 

Jan.,  18i6.  officers  of 127 

Eighlh     Territorial,      meets 

Jan.,  1867,  officers  of 127 

Special  Territorial,  1857 127 

First  State 128 

Leslie.  Lt.,  command  at  Macki- 
naw   62 

L'Huillier,  Fort,  why  n.amed —  43 
Le  Maire,  Jacques,  killed  by  In- 
dians   11 

Le  Sueur,  associated  with  Perrot  32 

builds  a  Fort  below  Hastings  32 

A  relative  of  D'lberville  ..37,  39 
At  Lake  Pepin  iu  1683  and 

16K9 37,  40 

At  La  Pointe  of  Lake  Super- 
ior, 1692 -.... 37 

Builds  a  Post  below  Hastings  37 
Brings   first    Sioux  chief   to 

Montreal 37,  83 

Visits  France  38 

Encouraged  bv  Frontenac...  39 

Arrives  in  Gulf  of  Mexico...  ^9 

Asceodsihe  Mississippi 39 

Passes  Perr.a's  lead  mines...  40 

Meets  deslitnte  Canadians...  40 

At  the  Kiver  St.  Croix 42 

Builds  Fort  LHiiillier 43 

Holds   a   council    with    the 

Sioux 44 

Returns  to  Gulf  o-f  Mexico  45,  74 
Sails   with     D'lberville     to 

France  45,  74 

wibhey,  Washington,  pioneer  at 

St.  Croix  Falls 113 

Lignerv,  commands  at  Mackinaw  50 

At  Fort  Duquesue 61 

Liuctot,  commander  at  Macki- 
naw    51 

Pursues  th--  Foxes 5J 

Little  Crow,  Sioux  chief  goes  in 

1824  to  Washington  95 

Long,  Major  Stephen  H.,  tour  to 

Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  A.  D  1817  82 

At  Wapashaw  village 82 

Describes  Sioux  bear  dance..  83 

Burial  place 83 

Kaposia  village  '■S 

Carver's  cave  84 

Fountain  ciive  84 

St.  Anthony  Falls 85 

Opinion  of   the  site  of  Fort 

Snelling •■•;,.■ r  ^ 

Arrives  at  Fort  Snelling,  A. 

D.  1823 ■  •  91 

Loomis,  Capt.  Gustavus    A.,  U. 

y    \ 108 

Eliza  marries  Lieut.  Ogden..  lOi 


700 


INDEX. 


PAGE 
Loomis.  D.  B.,early  settler  of 

St.  Croix  Valley 122 

Loras,  Bishop  o£  Dubuque 109 

Louisiana,  transfer  of 73 

Loiiviu:nY.  Sieur  de,  escorted  to 

Mackinaw  bv  Perrot 33,    50 

His  reception  as  commander    33 

K^callcd 50 

Ex)iedition  against  tlie  Foxes    50 
T.owrv,  Svlvanus.  earlv  settler..    127 

Macalesler  College  . .". 125 

Macl<iiia\v  re-occupied 50 

Surrendered  by  Americans..    80 

Preslivlerian  riiissinn  at 106 

Rev.  Dr.  Jlorse  visits 106 

Robert  Stuart  resides  at...     .  106 
Rev.  W.  .M.  Ferry,  missionary 

at      106 

Alalia"  mentioned, 44,45,46,    55 

Manrtaiis  mentioned 46 

MMgiiinis  makes  a  claim  at  St. 

(_'n>i\  Falls 112 

Jlap  bv  Franciuelin  indicates  Du 

Luth's  explorations 9 

Tlie  Indian  Ochagach 87 

De  Ih  .lemeraye 87 

Verenrtrv  e 87 

Marest.  James  Joseph.  Jesuit 
missionary,  signs  the  piipers 
taking  possession  of  the  Upper 

Mississippi        38 

Letter  til  Le  Sueur 38 

Commends  Louvigny 50 

Opinion  of  the  Moux 61 

Marin,    Lanianiue    de,    French 

oflicer   00 

In  command  at  Green  Bay...    61 
I,t.  .Marin  attacks  English  ..    62 

Marine,  earl\  •settlers  at       1!2 

Marriages  at  Fort  Snelling 

102, 108,  no 
Marshall, Hon.  W.  K.. mentioned, 

115.  126 
Marciuelte.  Jesuit  missionary  at 

La  Piiinte        .       4 

Man  in.  Abraham,  pilot  1 

Ma>koutens  mentioned 37 

At  Fort  Perrot.        30 

Massacre    Island.   Lake   of    the 

Woods,  origin  of  tlie  name 59 

MeCiiilis.  Hugh.  N.  W.Co.  Agent, 

Leech  Lake — 78 

McOrpgor,  English  trader,  ar- 
rested     15 

McKay,  trader  fnun  Albany 63 

Lt.    Col.     William,    attacks 

Prairie  du  Chien    81 

JIcKean,  Elias,  a  founder  of  Still- 

w.ater lis 

McKenzie,  old  trader   87 

McKusiek,  J.  a  founder  of  Still- 
water    113 

McLean.  Nathaniel,  editor 119 

McLeiid,  Maitin, exposed  tosnow 

storm 102 

Speaker  of  council  in  1853 124 

Menard  Kene,  Jesuit  missionary 

letter  of 2 

Among  the  Ottawa-sof  Lake 

Superior 3 

Attempted  visit  to  Hurons,  in 

Wisconsin 3 

Lost  in  the  marshes  or  killed     3 
Said  to  have  been  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi  before  Joliet   and 

Maripiette 3 

Medary,  Governor,  Samuel 127 

Meeker,  B.  B.,  Territorial  Judge, 

118,  119 
Messaver,  Father,  accompanies 

the  Verendrye  expedition 58 

Miami  Indians  visited  by  Perrnt.    30 
Ask  for  a  trading  post  on  Mis- 
sissippi     33 

Mention  of 38,46,    44 

Mill,  tir.st  in  Minnesota 93,    98 

Milie  Lacs  Sioux  visited  by  Du 

lAith 9 

Hennepin 22 

Minnesota,  meaning  of  the  word  116 

River,  first  steamboat  in 122 

Historical  Society 119 

Territory,  proposed  bounda- 
ries   115 


PAGE 

Remonstrance  against 115 

Vaiious  names  proposed 115 

Convention  at  Stillwater 115 

■When  org.anized 117 

First  election 118 

First  Legislature 118 

Fir.st  counties  organized 119 

Seal  of 120 

Recognized  as  a  State 128 

Mitcliell,    Alexander   M.,   U.   S. 

Marslial 118 

Caiulidate  for  Congress 125 

Missions.  Jesuit 5,  16,  106 

Mission  Stations,  Mackinaw 106 

La  Poiute 107 

Leech  Lake 107 

Yellow  Lake 107 

Lake  Harriet 108 

Lac-i|Ui  parle 109,  111 

Pokegiima 109 

Kaposia Ill 

Traverse  de  Sioux Ill 

Sliakpav Ill 

Oak  Grove Ill 

Red  Wing Ill 

Missionaries,    Rev.   Alvan   Coe, 

visits  Fori  Snelling 107 

Frederick  Aver 107 

W.  T.  Binitwell        107 

E.  F.  Elv.iteacher) 109 

Mr.  Denton Ill 

Sherman  Hall 107 

Daniel  Gavin Ill 

Joim  F.  Ait<in Ill 

Robert  Hopkins Ill 

Gideon  H.  Poii    107 

Sainue    W  Pond 107 

J.W.Hancock Ill 

J.  I).  Stevens 107 

S.  1!.  Riggs Ill 

T.  S.  Williamson  M.  D 107 

M.  N.  .\danis.   - Ill 

Montbrun.    in    returning    from 

Lake  Pejiiii.  captured  53 

Mniitcalm.  Marquis,  dispatch  to 

Vaudreuil 62 

Montgoniery,  General. death  of.      1 
Moreau.  Pierre,  with  Du  Luth  at 

Lake  Superior 9 

Arie^ted 10 

Mnrri'On,  William,  old  trader  7  •,    87 
M"ss.    Henry   L.,   U.  S.  District 

Attorney 118 

Kadowavsinnx.  see  Sio\ix 

Negro  woman  found  dead  near 

Kaposia 113 

Nepigiin.  Like.  Verendrve  at  ...    87 
Neill,   Rev.    Edward    D.'.    olfers 
praver  at  opening  of  first  legis- 
lature     119 

Delivei's  opening  address  of 

Historical  Society 119 

Newspaper  first  in  St.Paul,  the 

Pioneer 117,  118 

Minnesota  Register 118 

Minnesota  Chronicle lis 

Chronicle  and  Register 118 

Carriers  Address  119 

DahkotaU  Friend 122 

Minnesota  Democrat 122 

St.  Anthony  Express 123 

Nicolet.  Jean,  first  white  trader 

in   Wisconsin 1 

Nicollet.  J.  N.,  astronomer  and 

geologist 102 

Letterfrom  St..\nthony  F'alls  102 
Niverville.  Boucher  de,  at  Lake 

Winnipeg 60 

Norris,  J.  S 126 

North,  J.  W 122,  128 

Nortiiwes       company      trading 

posts 73 

Description  of  buildings 73 

Territory  divided .". 73 

None,  Robertal  de  la,  re-occu- 
pies Du  Luth's  Post  at  the  head 

of  Lake  Superior 50 

Ochanaclis,  draws  a  nap  for  Ve- 
rendrye      58 

Mentioned  by  thegeographer 

Bellin 

Ojibways  or  Chtppeways... 30,31,    37 
Captive  girls ; 31,    32 


PAGE 

Chief  of,  with   Le  Sueur  at 

Montreal 37 

In  council  with  Sioux 94 

Killed  near  Fort  Snelling,  A. 

D.,  ISL'6 97 

Visit  Fort,  A.  D.,  1827 

Treachery  of 103 

Conflict  with  Sioux  near  Fort 

Spelling 103 

Early  residence  of 105 

Sioiix  name  for 105 

Principal  villages  of 105 

Of  Lake  Pokeguma  attacked  110 

Att.TCk  at  Kaposia  Siou.x 111 

Treaty  of  1837  ...   112 

Attack  Sioux  near  St,  Paul...  121 
Passengers   on    first   steam- 
boat above  Falls  of  Saint 

Anthony 121 

Attack  Sioux  in  St.  Paul  streets  125 
Kill  a  Sioux  gir.   in  a   farm 

house    .      127 

Oliver,  Lieut.  U.  S,  A.,  detained 

by  ice  at  Hastings 91 

Olmsiead.S.B 126 

Olmsied,    David,     President   of 

first  council    119 

C.mdidate  for  Congress 122 

Editor  of  Democrat 125 

One  Eyed  Sioux.  alia<   Bourgne 
Origual  Leve,  Rising  Moose.       85 
Loyal  to  America  during  war 

o,  1812 ..    81 

Arrested  by  Dickson  ..  81 

Ottawas.  their  migrations 2 

At  .Mackinaw 32 

Ottoes,  mentioned 42,  43,    44 

Ouasicoude.     (W  h-zee-ko-Uix ) 
Sioux  chief  mentioned  by  Heii- 

nepiu    23,    27 

By  Long  82 

Owens,  John  P.,  editor 123 

Pacific  Ocean,  route  to 

36.  50, 58,  60,    69 

Paiian;  nicknamed  Pig's  Eye 113 

Parsons,  Rev.  J.  P 119 

Patron,  uncle  of  Du  Luth 11 

Penicant  ("escribes  Fort  Perrot..    29 
Fort  Le  Sueur  on  Isle  Pclee. .    37 

Missi-sippi  River .    42 

Residence  at  Blue  Earth  Riv- 
er     47 

Describes  F<ut  L'Huiilier 47 

Pennensha, French  trader  among 

tlie  Snmx  53 

Pere,  see  Perrot. 

Perkins,  Lt.,  U.  S.  A.,  in  charge 

of  Fort  Shelby 80 

Perrieie.  see  La  Perriere. 
Perrot,  Niiliolas, arrests  Achiga- 

najia  at  Lake  Superior 12 

A  isiis  Keweenaw 14 

Karly  days  of  20 

Interpreter.   A.   D.    1671,   at 

Sau.t  St.  Marie 29 

Account  of  Father  Menard's 
ascent    of   the    Mississippi 

and  Black  Kiver 2 

Suspected    of   poisoning    La 

Salle 29 

Associated  with  Du  Luth 29 

First  visit  tti  Lake  Pepin 29 

Visited  by  loways 29 

Trades  with  ihe  Sioux 29 

Brings  allies  to  Niagara SO 

Strategy  at  Lake  Pepui 30 

Presents  a  silver  osteusorium    30 
Terrifies  the  Sioux  by  burning 
a  cup  ol  brandy  and  water.    30 

In  the  Seneca  expedition 31 

His  return  to  LaKe  Pepin 31 

Journeys  to  the  Sionx 31 

Takes  possession  of  the  coun- 
try      32 

Rescues  Ojibway  girls 32 

Boldness  at  Mackinaw 32 

Conducts  a  couvov  from  Mon- 
treal    ..34,    38 

Establishes  a  post  on  Kala- 
mazoo river 34 

Recalled 34 

Threatened    with    death   by 

Indians 38 

Interpreter  at  Montreal 84 


INDEX. 


701 


PAGE 

Name  of  wife 34 

TiniP  f)f  death 34 

Petei>>.  Eev.Siiiiuiel.intBrestedin 

the  Carver  rl:iini 70,61,    9G 

Petnns,  see  Humns. 

Phillips,  W.  U.,  early  lawyer  at 

St.  Paul  116,  119 

Pieard,  see  Aiitrelle. 

Pig's  Eye,  niarsli  lielow  St.  Paul,  113 

Origin  of  name 114 

Pike,  tt.  Z.   M..  U.  S.  army  at 

Praiue  rtu  Ohien  74 

Council  with  Sioux  at  mouth 

of  M  innesnta 74 

Address  to  Indians 74 

Treaty  for  sites  for  military 

posts   75 

Description  of  Falls  of  St.  An- 
thony  75,    76 

Lo- 1  tl;'tK  liiought  hack 76 

Klock  house  at  Swan  Kiver.. .    77 

Visited  hv  Dickson 77 

At  Cass  or  Ked  Cedar  Lake . .    77 

At  Sandy  Lake 77 

At  Leecli  Lake  78 

Oiders  tlie  British  flag  to  be 

hnnleddown      78 

At  Dicksons  trading  post 78 

Confers  with  Sioux  at  Minne- 
sota river 78 

Parses  Kaposia  village 78 

Conferswith  LittleCrow 78 

Pinclion,  see  Penensha. 
Pinchon.    Fils   de.   Sioux   chief, 

confers  with  Pike  78 

Pond,  Rev.  G.  H.,  assists  in  hnry- 

ing  iilauglilered  Sioux..-  103 

I  ditor  of  Dahkotah  Friend..  122 
Interpreter  at  treaty  of  1851.  124 
Pond,  Kev.   SdUiuel  W.,  notifies 
the  agent  of  a  si.iux  war  party  103 
Erecti  the  first  house  of  >aw- 
ed  lumber  in  the  Minnesota 

Valley 107 

Prepares   a    Sioux    spelling 

book 108 

Grammar Ill 

Porlier,  trader  near  Sauk  Rapids 

76,    78 

Poupon,  Isadore,  killed  by  Sisse- 

ton  Sioux 92 

Prairie  du  Chien  described  by 

C  rver 64 

Duringwarof  1812-1815 SO 

Fort  sbelljy  at 80 

ftlcKav  at 81 

Bi  itish  ollicers  at 81 

Prescott,  Philander,  early   life.      91 
Provencalle.  loyal  to  America  In 

war  of  1812 81 

Quinn,  Peter 103 

Kaclos,  Madeline,  wife  of  Nicho- 
las Perrot 34 

Radisson,  Marguerite 2 

Radisson,  Sieur,  early  life  and 

marriage 2 

Second  marriage 2 

Brother-in-law  of  GroselUers     2 

Visits  the  Sioux. 2 

Sails  with   Capt.   Gillam  to 

Hudson's  Bay 5 

Rae,  Dr.,  Arctic  explorer  at  St. 

Paul 124 

Ramsey,   Hon.   Alexander,   first 

Governor 117 

Guest  of  H  H.  Sibley  at  Men- 

doia 118 

Becomes  a    resident    of  St. 

Paul 118 

Holds  Indian  council  at  Fort 

Snelling 121 

First  message 

Randin,  visits  e>treniity  of  Lake 

Superior 110 

Kavoux,  Rev.  A.,  Sioux  mission- 
ary  109 

Reaume,  Sieur,  interpreter 52 

Ked   Kiver  of  the  North,  men- 
tioned       87 

Why  called «7 

Fort  Rouge  on 87 

Scotch  settlers  at 87 

Rival  trading  companies 87 

Swiss  immigrants  to 89 


PAGE 

Renville,  Josepli,  mention  of  7G.  109 

Renville,  .lohn 109 

Repulilican   convention    at    St. 

Anthony 126 

Rice,  Hoii  ITenry  M.,  stnps  to  or- 
ganize .Minnesota  Territory  115,  116 

Moves  to  St.  Paul 118 

Elected  to  Congress 125.  126 

IT.  S.  Senator 128 

Richards,  F.  S.,  trader  at  Lake 

Pepin 117 

RIggs,  Rev.  S.  R.,  Sioux  mission- 

ai  v,  letier  of  Ill 

Interpreter  at  treaty  of  is.'il . .  123 
Kohliinette,  pioneer  in  St.  Croix 

Valley 112 

Robertson.  Daniel  A., editor  124.  125 
Rocky  M"untauis  discovered  by 

Verendrye 60 

Roeqiie  or  Roque.  A.,  at  Wapa- 

shaw 117 

Rogers,  Captain,  at  Ticonderaga.    fi2 

In  charge  at  Mackinaw..  02.    6G 

Skirnii>ih  with  lUirantave  ...     C2 

Alluded  tobv  Sir  W.  .lohnson    69 

Rolette.  Jo.-eph  Sr.,  in  the  Bri'- 

ish  service        81 

Rolette,  .losHph  Jr. 127 

Roseboom.   EiiL-lish   trader,  ar- 
rested near  Mackinaw    15 

Roseboimi,  trader  at  Oi  een  Bay.    63 
Kosser.  ,J.  T.,  Secrelary  of  Terri- 
tory   125 

Ronville,  Hertel  de,  French  offi- 
cer   51 

Russell.  .Jeremiah,  pioneer  in  St. 

Croix  Valley  109,112 

Marriage  of 113 

Sagard,  in  16.36  notices  Lake  Su- 
perior copper 7 

Saint  Anthonv  Express,  first  pa- 
per beyond  St.  Paul 123 

Saint  Aiilhnny  Falls,  Suspension 

bridge  over  12C 

Described  by  earlv  explorers 

'...19,24,25,  75,76,     85 

Governmeiit  mill  at S)3,    94 

Saint  Croix  county  organized —  114 

Court  in 114 

Saint    Croix    River,    origin    of 

name  42    112 

Du  Luth  first  explorer  of 112 

Fovt  on.  spoken  of  bv  Belliu.  112 
Pitt  and  paitv  cut  lumber...  112 

Pi(M)eers  in  valley  <<t 112 

Early  preachers  in  valley  of.  113 

First  woman 113 

Saint  Paul,  origin  of  name 114 

Early  seltlers  of 114 

First  School  house  in 114 

Appearance  in  1S49 117 

High  water  ill  18.50 121 

Newspapers  117,  118,119,  122 

First  execution  for  murder..    124 
Indian  flglit  in  streets  of. . ... .  125 

Relics  arrive  from  Franklin's 

expedition 126 

Effort  to  remove  seat  of  Gov- 
ernment therefrom  127 

Saint  Pierre,  Captain,  at  Lake 

Superior  50 

At  Lake  Pepin 55,    65 

Commander  at  Mackinaw...    61 

Noliced  hv  Carver 57 

At  Kort  La  Reine 60 

Arrests  murderers 61 

In  N.  W.  Pennsylvania  ...60,    61 

Visited  bv  Washington 60 

Killed  inbattle 60 

Tribute  to 61 

Saskatchewan,  first    visited  by 

French 59 

Fort  at 60 

Schiller,  versifies  a  Sioux  chiefs 

speech •  ■  •    67 

Scott,  Died,  slave  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing     97 

Scott,  General  Winfield, suggests 

the  name  of  Fort  Snelling 

Selkirk,  Earl,  Thomas  Douglas..    87 

Secures  0.ssiniboia 87 

Forms  an  agricultural  colony  87 
Arrives  inNew  York  city....  85 
Reaches  Sault  St.  Marie 88 


VAGJS. 

Discovers  John  Tanrer 88 

Concludes  a  treaty  witli  In- 
dians       89 

Passes  through  Minnesota. . .     89 
Semple.  Governnr  of  Selkirk  set- 
tlement, killed 88 

Murderer  of . .    88 

Senecas  defeated  by  the  French    15 
Sliea.  J.  G..  lui  failure  to  estab- 
lish Sioux  mission        106 

Sherburne,  Moses,  .Judge  125 

Shields.  Gen.  James,  elected  U. 

S.  Senator 128 

Sbiniiowalibay,    Ojibway    cliief 

with  Le  Sueur  at  Montreal 37 

Sibley,  Hon.  H.  H.,  at  Stillwater 

convenlion  115 

Delegate    to    Congress  from 

Wisconsin  Territory It6 

Impression    made  at  Wash- 

ingrcm ll« 

Elected  delegate  to  Congress  122 
Silver  ostensoriitm,  presented  by 

Perrot.  still  jir-'Sei  ved.* 30 

Sioux,  origin  of  the  word 1 

Defe:>t  the  Hur"ns 4 

Described  by  Father  Allouez  4 
Attack  Indians  at  La  Pointe      4 

Peculiar  language  of  4 

Described  in  A.  f>.  1671 4 

Attacked  at  Sanlt  St.  Marie . .  6 
Villages  visited  bv  Du  Lutli..     9 

Described  bv  Cadillac 16 

Meet   Accault   and    Henne- 
pin         19,    20 

Words  mentioned  by  Henne- 
pin         21,22,    27 

Of  MilleLacs 22 

Offering  at  Falls  of  St.  An- 
thony       26 

Visited    by    Grosellier    and 

Radisson 

Nicholas  Perrot 29 

Described  by  Perrot 3t 

Maiitantans  32 

Meaning  of  the  word It4 

Different  Imids  of  104 

Med-dav-wah-kawn-twawn 

villages    104,  105 

Warpaykutay  division  of 105 

Warjiay  t  wawns 105 

See-eetwawns 105 

Dictionary  commenced ill 

Friglitened  by  burning  bran- 
dy         30 

Mantantaws 32,    44 

Sisselons    32 

Mpdaywahkauntwauns.....32,    43 

Oujalespoitons 43,    44 

Assinehoines,  cause  of  sepa- 
ration      4.'5 

War  party  arrested  by  Perrot  33 
The  flr.st  to  visit  Montreal ....  37 
Chiefs  speech  to  Frontenac.    38 

Chief's  death  at  Montreal 38 

War  party  against  tlie  Illi- 
nois   39.    40 

Eastern   and    Western   des- 
cribed     48 

Chief  visits  Fort  L'Huillier  ..    43 

In  council  with  Le  Sueur 44 

Binds  of.  A.  I).  1700 45 

Attack  Miainis 48 

Visited  bv  Jesuits 51 

A  foil  to  the  Foxes 65 

Attack  convoy  of  Verendiye, 
Deputation  visit  Quebec  ..  ..    57 
Dei)utation    visit  English  at 

Green  Bay 63 

Bands  described  by  Carver.  .  65 
Chiefs   speech  described   by 

Carver.  67 

Chiefs    speech    versified    by 

Schiller G7 

Language,  Carver's  views  on,  69 
Chief,  Orignal   Leve,  Pike's 

friend 75,    81 

Formerly    dwelt    at     Leech 

Lake 78 

Bear    Dance    described    by 

Long 83 

Sisseton  murderer  brought  to 

Fort  Snelling 92 

In  council  with  Ojibways 94 


702 


INDEX. 


PAGE 
Sioux  DeleRation   in  A.   D.  1824, 

go  to  Wasliinu'ton 95 

Kill    Ojibwavs.    A.    D.,   1826, 

near  Fort  Snelling  98 

Kill  in  1-827 98 

Delivered  by  Col,  Snelling.. .    99 

Executed  by  Ojibways 99 

Killed   by    Ojiuways,    April 

1838 103 

War  witli  Ojibways  in  1839    .  103 
Attack  Lake  f  okeguma  band 

in  1841 110 

Avf  attacked  in  1842 ill 

War  partv  of  Sioux  at  Apple 

Kiver,  1850 121 

Kill  H  teamster 123 

Treaties  of  1851 123 

Attacked  in  St.  Paul  by  Ojib- 
ways   125 

Simpson,  early  settler  in  St.  Paul  114 

Slaves,  African,  in  Minnesota 97 

Sniitli.  C.  K.,  first  Secretary  of 

Territorv 118,  119 

Snelling,  Col.  Josiah,  arrives  at 

Fort  Snelling 92 

Censured  by  General  Gaines.    97 
Delivers  Sioux   assassins   to 

Ojibways 99 

Hastens  with  Keel  boats  to 

Fort  Crawford 100 

Deatli  of 101 

Tribute  to 101 

W.   .Josepli,  son  of  Colonel 

career  of  97 

Author  and  poet 97 

Pasquinade  on  N.  P.  Willis..    98 

Death  of 98 

Steamboat  arrivals  at  Fort  Snell- 

insrtu  close  of  182(i 97 

Virginia  fiist  at  F'ort  Snelling    93 
First  to  Falls  of  .St.  Anthony  121 

Above 121 

In  Minnesota  Kiver 122 

Steele,  Franklin,  pi^'neer  in  St. 

Croix  ^■alley        112,  113 

At  Stillwater  convention  1848  115 
Forem.an  of  Grand  Jury  ...    119 

Stevens,  Kev.  .J.  D    106,108 

Stillwater,  battle  between  Sioux 

and  Ojibways 103 

founders  of  113 

Noiiceof  by  Boutwell 114 

Convention  at  in  1848 -  115 

Scalp  dance  in 121 

Land  slide  ill  I8.i2 124 

Stratton,   pioneer    in   St.   Croix 
Valley 112,  113 


PAGE 

Stoddard,  Capt.  U.  S.  A 

Stuart.  Robert,  at  Mackinaw,  in- 
fluence of    106 

Swiss  emigrants,  at  Red  River. . .    89 
Swartz,  Andrew,  teamster,  killed 

by  Sioiix       123 

Taliaferro.  Maj.  Lawrence,  agent 

for  the  Sioux,  notice  of 91 

Letter  to  C.il.  Leavenworth . .    92 
Takes  Indians  to  Washing- 
ton, A.  D..  1854 95 

Talon,  intendant  of  Canada,  re- 
fers to  (iroselliers  ..  ....      G 

Refers  to  Lake  Superior  cop- 
per        7 

Tanner,   John,   stolen  from  his 

parents 88 

Became  an  Indian  chief —      88 
Discovered  by  Earl  of  Sel- 
kirk       88 

Suspected  of  Murder 88 

James,  son  of  John 88 

Troublesome  and  deceitful ..    88 

Tannery  for  Buffalo  skins 46,    48 

Taylor,  .Tesse  B..  pioneer  in  St. 

Croix  Valley 112 

Joshua  L  118 

N.  C.   D.,  Speaker  House  of 

Representatives  18.54 126 

Teeoskahtay,  Sioux  chief  first  in 

Montreal  37 

Speech   to    Governor    Fron- 

tenac 38 

His  death  in  Montreal 39,  44 

Tegahkouita,     Catlicrine,      the 

Iroquois  virgin 17 

Terry,  Elijah,  murdered  by  Sioux 

at  Pembina 124 

Thompson,   David,  geographer, 

N.  VV  Co 78 

Tonty,  Henry,  with  Du  Luth  at 

Kiagava 15 

Cousin  of  Du  Luth 16 

Traders  forbidden  to  enter  the 

Simix  country 48 

Treaties  of  1837  with  Sioux  and 

Ojibways 112 

Tiu'tle,  C."  A.,  at  Falls  of  St.  Croix  112 
XJnivirsity  of  Minnesota  creii'.ed  122 

Van  Cleve,  Gen.  H.  P 90 

Charlotte  Ouisconsin,  wife  of 

Gen 90 

Paper  by 95 

Varennes,  Pierre   Gualtier,   see 

Verendrye 

Vercheres,  in  command  at  Green 
Bay 61 


PAGE 

Verendrye.  Sieur,  early  life  of...    58 

At  Lake  Nepigon 58 

Obtains  an  Indian  ,Map 58 

Expedition  west  of  Lake  Su- 

peri(u-    58 

A  son  killed  by  Sioux 59 

Anpphewdies 59 

Sons  of,  reach  Rocky  Moun- 
tains      59 

Return  to  Lake  of  the  Woods   95 

Superseded... 59 

Restined  59 

Death 59 

Chevalier,  notice  of 59 

Sieur   Jr.,    .accompanies    St. 

Pierre  .59,    61 

Wahkautape,  Sioux  chief  visits 

Le  Sueur 43,    44 

Wahmatah,  Sicux  chief 95 

AVait.  L.  H  119 

Wakefield,  John  A 116 

AVales.  \V.   \V 127 

Washington  visits  St.  Pierre 60 

Welch,  W.  H.,  Chief  Justice  of 

Ten  it<u  y 125 

Wells.  Jaines,  trader  married...  102 

At  Lake  Pepin 117 

Killed  by  Sioux 102 

Wilkin  Alexander,  Secretary  of 

Territory 124 

Candidate  for  Congress 125 

Williamson,  Kev.  T.  S.,   M.  D., 

early  life 107 

Arrival  among  the  Sioux 107 

Organizes    church   at     Fort 

Snelling 108 

Missionary  at  Lac  qui  Parle. 

Kaposia 114 

Procures  school  teacher  for 

St.  Paul 114 

Willis.  X.  P.,  lampoons   Joseph 

Snelling    97 

Winnebagoes,  mentioned 40.    52 

At'ack  Keel  boats 99,  100 

First  notice  of  lo5 

Successive  removals 105 

Wisconsin    River,    called    Mes- 

chetz  Odeba  by  La  Salle 18 

Described  by  Le  Sueur 40 

Guignas 52 

Wolfe,  General,  death  of 1 

\Vood.  trader  among  Sioux 78 

Yeiser.  Capt.  at  Fort  Shelby 80 

Ynhazee, executed  at  St.  Paul...  124 


INDEX. 


703 


INDEX 


OtTTLnSTES  OF  THE  HISTORY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


,PAGE 

Acton,  murders 137 

Admission  of  tlie  state 129 

Antietam.  battle 152 

Arctic  cyclone 168 

Arms  Seized 1-16 

Banks,  state 130 

Battles— 

Antietam 152 

BiK  Rlack  River 1S3 

Biich  Coolie 139,  149 

Bristow's  station 15-1 

Champion  Uills 153 

Cliiokainauga 154 

Corintli 152 

Fair  Oaks 135 

Fitzluigh's  woods 154 

Gettysburg 153 

Gleiulale 135 

Malvern  hills 135 

Mill   (Springs 134 

Missiini  Ridge 154 

Mobile      156 

Murtieesboro 135 

Nelson's  farm 135 

Peach  Orchard 135 

Pittsburg  Landing 134 

Red  Wood  Ferry 140 

Savaire's  station 135 

.Spanish  Fort 15G 

Tupelo 155 

Vicksburg 153 

White  Oak  Swamp 135 

Wood  Lake  151 

Bonds- 
Issued     129 

Delaulted 130 

Foreclosed 131 

Proposed  adjustment 157 

BreadstnfTs  exported 131 

Camp  release 151 

Capitol  removal 157 

Cavalry  companies VM 

Chippewa  war  threitened 14G 

Christian  commission 133 

Uorinth,  battle 152 

Currency,  inflated 155 

Curren  cy  depreciated 131 

Drouth 154 

Edward's  Ferry 135 

Eleclion.131,  134, 156,  157, 158,  159,  IGO 
Enlistments 132 


PAGE  129  TO  160. 

PAGE 

Fair  Oaks,  battle 135 

Fires,  prairie  158 

Forest  City,  stockade 147 

Fort  Abercrombie,  seiee 148 

Fort  Ridgley,  attacked 142 

Fiazier  River,  gold  discoveries..  130 

Glendale.  battle 135 

"Good  Times" 156 

Grasshimpers 159 

"Hard  Times" 130 

Hutchii;s«ii,  stockade 147 

Relieved 148 

Impeachment,  state  treasurer...  158 

Indian  correspondence 150 

Indians  executed 152 

Indian  war  closed 151 

Inflation 157 

Insane  Honpital  burned 160 

Jay  Cooke,  tailuie 158 

Lee,  surrender  156 

Legal  Tender  Notes 135 

Legislature— 

Julv,  1858 129 

Session,  1861 131 

1862 134 

Extra  session 151 

Session,  1870 157 

1871 ...• 168 

1874.  '75,  '77 1,59 

Session,  1878 160 

Light  Artillery,  first 134 

Seennd 134 

Lincoln  Assassinated 156 

Little  Crow  killed 153 

lower  Agency  outbreak 1.38 

M.ilvern  Hills 135 

Military  commission 151 

Militai'v  force  called  out -   1.30 

Mill  Sprnigs.  battle 134 

Miiiiu'sot:radi]iitted 129 

Missouri  River  expedition 1,53 

Mounted  Kani;ers 149 

Murder  at  Garden  ("ity 166 

Murders  at  Acton 137 

Murtreesboro,  battle 136 

Navigation  of  Red  River HO 

Nelsiin's  farm,  battle 135 

NewUlm,seige 141,  143 

Evacuated 144 

Northfield  Raid 1.59 

Northwest  settlement 135 


^  PAGE 

Paynesville,  stockade 14s 

Peach  Orchard,  battle 135 

Pittsburg  Laiiuing,  battle 134 

Prisoners  released 160,  151 

Railroads- 
Commenced 129 

Rolling  stock 1.33 

New  organization 135 

First  completed 1.35 

Building 157 

Red  River  Hostilities 148 

Red  River  navigation 130_ 

Redwood  Ferry,  battle 140 

Relief  measures 133,  150 

Regiment— 

Firsi 132 

Second 1  3 

Third 1  3 

Fourth 134 

Fifth 134 

Sixth 134,  136 

Seventh 145 

EiL'hth 145 

Ninth 145 

Tenth 145 

Eleventh    165 

Regiments  return , 156 

Renville  Rangers 141 

Sanitarv  ciunmission 133 

Savage's  station,  battle 135 

Scandinavian  immigration 135 

Seven  days  fight 135 

Sharp  shooter.s.  first 133 

"Shiiiplasters" 135 

Sibley's  expedition 145 

Sioux  Massacre 137 

Sioux  removed  from  state 153 

Sioux  pursued  154 

Stofkadrs,  built 147,  148 

Troops  called  lor,132, 133,136,154,  155 

War  prospective 130 

Wat  news 132 

War  meeting 136 

Week  of  blood  145 

"Wild  Cat,"  banking  scheme  .  .  130 
Wiunebagoes  removed  from  state  153 

Wright  ciuinty  war 130 

Wood  Lake,  battle 151 

Yorktown,  selge 135 


704 


INDEX. 


INDEX 


HISTOEY   OF  HEXXEPIN   COUNTY. 


PAfiE 

Academies 445 

Af;ik'uliural  machinery 411,  424 

Asiiicultuial  sciciely        177,  434 

Ames.  Dr.  Albert    A 199,  602 

Ames,  Dr.  Allied  E.,  175, 185,  373,  377 
4W,  .500 

Ames.  George  F 313 

Aiiui^eineiils 498 

Atlieiia"um 435 

AttractToii.  City  of 294 

Atwater.  Jtidge  Isaac,   186,  367,  575 

■liig.  470,  480. 573 

Austin,  Gov.  Horace 157,  l.'is 

Baker.  B.  F ..  175 

Baker.  Gen   James  H., 151,  202 

Baldwin  school 444 

Bar  A,^sociatiou 458 

Bar  and  Conits,  by  Judge  Isaac 

At«ater 4S5 

Banks  and  Bankers 425 

Barrel  factoiie 4]o 

Bassett,  Juel  B.,  183, 186,  373.  480,  486 

„ 490 

Benevolent  societies 447 

Bervy,  John 341,  5|0 

Bertram,  George 176,  248 

Bethany  Home 650 

Biographical— 

Bkiomington 228 

Br'ookl,,n 288 

Champlin 300 

Coicoian 319 

Crystal  Lake 281 

Uayt.^n 305 

Eden  Prairie..  .  233 

Excelsior 2.12 

Greenwood 315 

Ilas.san 310 

Independence 266 

Maple  Grove 324 

Medina 272 

Minneapolis,  city 499 

Minneapolis,  town 316 

Minneionka 242 

Minnetrista 261 

Os^eo 296 

Plymouth 333 

Kiclifteld 216 

iSaint  Anthony 355 

Bloomington  Ferrv 225 

Bloomington,  towii  oi 222 

Board  01  Trade 428 

Boom  companies 401 

Boot  and  shoe  factory 415 

Borgesrode.  Col.  Kudolph....l34,  195 

Bostwick,  Lardner 186,513,485 

Bottineau,   Pierre,  175,  294.  329,  357 

„  -   •  - 624, 367,  513 

Brackett.  Mai.  A.  B 207 

Bracket's  Battalion  Cavalry     .  207 

Breweries 420 

Bridges  369 

Brighton,  towiiship 343 

Brooklvn,  town  of. 285 

Brooks,  Prof.  J 443^  519 

Bio.sseau.  Mrs.  Margaret 228 

Brown,  Major  Joseph  If..  149, 175,  176 

^ ■. 212,  340,  359 

Bryant,  James 186,  204  &'>l 

Building  materials .'  386 

Business  Colleges 445 

Byrnes.  William I'je  34" 

Campbell,  Prof.  G 443,  482 

Cand\  factories  420]  583 

Carriage  factories 417 

Carver,  Jonathan 168,  169 

Cavalry  companies 207 


I'AGE  167  TO  187. 

PAGE 

Champlin,  town  of 298 

Champion,  village 300 

Chnsk a.  (Indian) 135 

Chowen.  Wm.  S 184,239,  243 

Christian  Association."! 460 

Chii.stnias,  Charles  W..183,  186,  247 

„,■■••, 366.374 

Churches  453 

Church  first  organized 171 

Chute's  cave 3gg 

Cigai  faciories 425 

City  man  et  493 

City  Property 496 

Climate 182 

Clothing,  wholesale 4'>3 

Colville.  Col.  William 155,  205 

Commissioners,   county 186 

Constitutional  convention 184 

Cooperage 390,  412 

Corcoran,  Patrick  B 187,317,  320 

Corcoran,  town  of 317 

Cornell.  Judge  F.  K.  E.,..181,  487,  532 

Cotton  mills 415 

County  officers 180 

Conns  and  Bar  of  Hennepin 
county,  by  Judge  Isaac  At- 
water     485 

Crooks,  Col.  William 146,151,  196 

Crystal  Lake,  town  of 278 

Cumberland,  c'ty  of 270 

Dana.N.  J.  T 133,134,  372 

Da.Moii,  town  of 302 

Dayton,  village 304 

Dean,  Joseph,  176, 183, 186,222,225  .')58 

Department  of  Dakota 162 

Directory,  township 

Dow,  John  Ware 177   '>78 

Downie.Col.  Mark  W '  o^ 

Donnelly.  Hon.  Ignatius 132,  l4o 

Druids.  U.  A.  O.  of 44;) 

Dry  goods 4.)! 

Dugas.  William 177, 183,  305 

Early  settlers 17-2 

Eatonvdle 510 

Eden  Prairie,  tow  n  of 231 

Educath>n 182   4.36 

Eight  Reg.  Minn.  ■\'ol.  Inf 199 

Eleventh 203 

Elevators 3<,g 

Equal  Kights  Association '.'.'.  174 

Ewing.'Wm.M 216  ''18   '»' 

Excelsior,  town  of '       '  047 

i'.'llage 251 

Pioneer  Association 24s 

Explosion,  mills,  1878 3!)i 

Farmersville 278 

Fence  works    409 

Ferries  ami  bridges '  3159 

Fii-st  Battallion  Infantry 204 

Light  Artilierv ')|o 

First  Keg.  Minn.  Vol.  Inf 188 

1"  ourth 104 

Fifth ;;••  195 

First  Reg.  Heavy  Artillery 205 

Mounted  Ranger 'oS 

Flandrau.  Hon.C.  E..  141, 167, 185,  488 
Fletcher,  Dr.  Hezekiah.  183,  373,  486 

494 

Flour  first  shipment..!...!.'.'!;;'  390 

E.^POit 393 

Mills 389 

FoIwell.Col.  Wm.  W 443 

Fort  Saint  Anthony 153 

Snelling ." 161.171,  174 

Reserve  bought is2 

Corner  stone ic3 

Reserve  sold mj 


Present  reserve 164 

Situation ng 

Freemasons 452 

Furniture 4i'3'  425 

Findley,  Samuel 175'  359 

lire  department 4!)o' 564 

Fireman's  R.  lief  Association...    492 

Gaslight  companies 43.1 

Gear.Rev.E.G "  3^5 

German  Home,  township 280 

Geology jgn 

Gibson,  Reuben  R 176,  m,  223 

Gideon,  Peter  M 181    254 

Gilfillan.Col.  James  B.... 155, 203!  488 

(ilove  factories 419 

C.odfley.  Ard.,  177.  346,  361,367,494  .552 
(>ooiirich.  Samuel  A...  .  IS3  ■">'  228 
Gorham.  David.  I8.3.  186,  334,  341.  362 
Gorman,  Col.  Willis  A.,  132,  174,  I88 

4g7 

Government  mill 177 

Greenwood,  city  of 312 

Town  of 3J1 

Groceries,  wholesale 422 

Half  bleeds ica 

Halsted,  Frank  William ;;  257 

Hamliuig,  township 270 

Harrisburg,  townsiie 288 

Hassan,  town  of 307 

Townsite 300 

Hatch,  Maj.  E.  A.  C 147, 153,  208 

Harvester  W(Mks 411 

Hed.ierly.  Edwin 183,374,486,  559 

Hennepin  county- 
Boundaries 179 

Oiganized...  1^2 

Omcial  record 183 

Agricultural  society 177 

Heniupiii,  Father  Louis 169 

Hennepin,  townsite 231 

Hiiks.  Heni\  G.,  185,  I86,  488,  534,  562 

Hoag,  Charles 174.  igg  219,  374 

Hotchkiss,  Capt.  Wni.  A 134   o|o 

Hole-in-the-Day,  (Indian),.. 362,  368 

„■■■ , .>40 

Hotels 497 

Hull.  Stephen 'i'7'6'  347 

Huy.  Geo.  E 186,373,  568  625 

Indian  battles 170 

Indian  tieaties 162   170 

Independence,  town  of '  262 

Independent,  battalion  cavalry.  208 

Indust liana,  townsite 288 

Insurance  companies 430 

Iron  manufactories 405 

Island  water  power  company 414 

Jackins.  John.. .173,  183, 186,373,  475 

John  Other  Day  (Indian) 138 

Jones.  Ednin  Smith 186,488.  572 

Kindergarten  schools 446 

Kiiiff,  Col.  William  S 344,  480 

Kittson,  Norman  W iro  367 

Kiii.kerliacker,  Rev.  D.  B....476'  578 

Knights  of  Honor 450 

Knights  of  Pythias ;  448 

Knights  Templar 4.55 

La  w  ye  rs .....,.,..         485 

Le  B'outillier.  Chas.  \V... 184,  188   200 

Le  Count,  Antoine 320 

Legislature,  state 183 

Lester,  Col.  Henry  C 133,  193 

Light  Artillery 910 

Little  Crow  1  Indian),  142, 150, 154,  368 

Loan  Associations' 430 

Lumber  product '.'.'.,'  400 

Lyndale  farm '  345 

Lynde,  James  W isg   159 


INBEX. 


705 


Maoalpstpv  Collpcp 443 

IVhipof  H»iiiicj)iii  pdiintj',  opp. .        I 

M:i|ilp  Cmvf.  tinvn  (if 322 

Waiile  Plain.  vill;ige 2(14 

Marhlp  works  416 

Miirsliall.  Hdii,   William  K.,  146.  !.% 

1.17.   1R.1,  3fil,  3fi4,  377 442 

Mar-hall,  inwiisliip 299,  .104 

Masonic  socip lips 4.'i2 

Mai  tress   aclinies 41.'i 

M<-Larpn,  r.il.  R.  N 1.51,  207 

McLeod.   Martin....   175,  IS.S.  222.  227 

Mc^air,  W.  \V 186.487,  494 

MrPhaiil.Ciil.  Sanuiel..  H6,  149,  20.5 

Mpilifal  sociplies 4.34 

Morticine  Lake,  township 331 

Meclina,  town  (if 268 

Meeker,  Judge  Bradley  B.,  17.5,  185 

36J.  48S 

Midrilingi  pnrifiers 545,5.55 

Militarv  ennipanies 433 

Miller.  Col.  Stephen.  151,  1.53, 154,  1<» 

Miller's  Association 398 

Mills,  finnr 394 

BnildiiiK 389 

Explosion    391 

Fiinii-liers 405 

Old  Government 177 

Minneapolis— 

Atlienseiim 4.35 

Citvof .357 

Official  Koster 383 

Fire  department 490 

Incorporated 378 

Mill  eomiiany 39t 

Police  force      493 

Postolfice 494 

St.  Anthony,  united 378 

S.  hools 4.37 

Mineralogy 181 

Mining coiiipiinies 433 

Minnesota  River,  navigated 178 

Minnetonka,  town  of 238 

Village 240 

Minnetrista 2.57 

Missionaries,  early 168 

Monnd  builders 167,  671 

Mounted  Rangers,  First  Reg 205 

Mosseaux.  Charles  340 

Munch,  Capl.  Kmil 134,  210 

Natural  Science  Academy 435 

Nav'gation,  abi>ve  Falls 178 

Minnesota  river 178 

Neill,  Rev.  Edward  D 188,  365.  444 

467,  470,  472,  600,  635 

New  process  milling .      393 

Newspapers 573 

Ninth  Reg.  Minn.  Vol,  Jnf.  ..  200 
North.  John  W.,  486.489,499,183,  364 
Northrup,  Anson,  185,664,375,488, 

497,  606 

Odd  Fellows 447 

Official  Roster— 

Counly 186 

liegisl'ature 183 

Judicial 185 

Oil  companies 419 


PACE 

Olmstead.  David 176 

Opera  Houses  498 

Os.s,-.. J94 

Paper  I'ox  factories 4ls 

Paper  mill- 414 

PerUinsville.  townsite 203,  270 

Peteler.  Capt.  Francis     1.33,205 

Peircp.  Til    mas  W    ..174,184,341,  351 

Pike.  Prof.  \V.  A  443 

I'ike.  Lieut.  Zeluilnn  M 162 

Pihsburv,  Hon,  John  S.,  159.  160,  184 

443.  481 499,  613 

Plaiunemills 404 

Plow  works 411 

Plyniouili.  town  of 328 

Townsite 332 

Police  force 493.  .566 

Pond,   Rev.  (iideon  H.,  169,  174,  183 

22-',  227.  2.32 468 

Pond.  Rev.  S 169 

Port'ai  d,  t'  wiisite 304 

Post  offi'-".  Minneapolis 491 

Powel-,  John  F 313 

Pres.'i  tl.  Philander    ....173,  213,  340 

Piivate  ipsi(h-nces 498 

Piilili.- hui'dings 498 

PuMic  Halls  498 

Public  schools,  Minneapolis 4,37 

Quiun,  Peter 175,222,359 

Mrs.  Mary  Louisa 226 

Railroads 179.  428 

Eailioail  .shipments 179 

Ramsey,  1  on.    Alexander,    131,  134 

145.  153.  178 2  7 

Regimental  Rosters 188 

Rice,  Hon.  Edmund 160.  176.  487 

Rice.  Hon.  Henrv  M.,  147, 156, 176,  377 

Riclifiehl.  town  of 212 

Richland,  township 213 

Riggs,  Rev.  Stephen  R...138,  169,  172 

Eoirer  process,  flouring 392 

Rollins.  Capt.  John.  178.  180,  183,  .365 

308,  402.  487.  494,. 531,  622 531 

Russell,  Lieut.  J.  B.  F I.33,  177 

Russell, R.P 176,359,369,  487.  530 

622,  024 

Russell.  Capt.  Wm.  F 184,  2o5 

Saint  Albans,  townsite 219 

.Saint  Anthony — 

City  incorporated 369 

( )lticial  Roster 380 

Falls  169 

Falls,  power 178,  388 

Improvement 388 

Minneapolis,  united 378 

Town  of 3.53 

Sanborn,  Gen.  John  B...  132.134,  194 
Sash,  door  and  blind  factories...   404 

Satterlee.  Rev.  W.  W 435 

Saw  mills,  flrst  in  state 163 

Sawmills  Minneapolis 401 

Schoids,  .Minneapolis  city 436 

SclUiols.  ]iai()i-liial 465,  479 

Second  Iteiiiiiieiit  Cavalry 207 

Minn.  Vol.  Inf 191 

Sixth 196 

Seventh 199 


PAGE 

Settlements  exiended 176 

Sewerage 386 

Sharp -hooters 2o5 

Shaver.  James 176.216 

Sheldon.  Kev.  Charles  B.,  1S4, 180.  -im 
Sihlp>.Hon.   Henrv  H.,  171.176.129 

1.30,  145.  1.50.   162,  366 517 

Sisieihood  of  Bethany 6,50 

Smith.  Albee.       186,225 

Suplling.  Col.  Josiah  163 

Soap  factoiies 419 

.Si'Cieties 447 

foil 181. 

S  ate  fruit  faun 250 

Sieanibnal.  at  Falls 178 

Steele.  Franklin,  liis,  174,  177,  185,  216 

358,  364.  .369,  488.  494 63S 

Stevens.  C(d.  Ji  hn   H..    147.    173,  171 

183.  186.  248.  3152.  371,  481 637 

Stevei  s.  Ri  v.  J.  D 171 

Stevens.  Simon 176.  238 

Suive  woiks 405 

Stieels  and  avenues ;'88 

Siront.  Capt.  Rich'd,  147, 186,  213,  .502 

Taopi.  (Indian) 1.50 

Tapjicr.Capl.  John,.  .177,  352,  369,  375 

Telegiaphsand  Tele|ihones 431 

Temnerani'e  societies 461 

Tenth  Reg.  Minn.  Vol.  Inf 193 

Tliird 20a 

Third  Batlerv.  Light  Artillery,..  211 

Thonms.  Col.  Mmku-T '1.51.199 

Tnttle.  Calvin  A.,  173,  176,  184,  238,  361 

370.   373 499 

Underwood,  A.  J 185,205 

Univeisitv  of  Minnesota,  by  P(es. 

VVm.W.  E^ilwell 439 

Van  Cleve,  Col.  Horatio  P.,  1.3.3,  134 

191,  468 494,  648 

Van  Cleve,  Charlotte  O 648 

Vanderburg,  Hon.  Chas.  E.,  185,  470 

487 488 

Vegetation 181 

Vovagenrs I68 

Wabasha.  (Indian) 1.50 

War  record.  Hennepin  countv...  188 

Walker,  Maj   L.  C '147,  184 

Walker,  Prof.  Versal  J 443 

Washburn,  Hon.  William  D.,  181,  475 

.481,  654 

Watkins,  Samuel 176 

Water  power  companies 40O 

Water  works,  city 490 

Waterville,  townsite 304 

Wa\  zata.  village  of 210 

Welles,  Henry  T.,  175,  367,  370,  378  379 

404.472,476 .' (>55 

Wholesale  trade : 421 

Wilkin.  Col.  Alexander,  151, 155,  2<'0 

231 

Williamson,  Rev.  Thomas  S.,  138,  171 

468 

Wilson.  Eugene  M 185,  2  6,  469 

Workmen,  A.  O.  U.  society 449 

Young,  James  D 314,  .378 

Young.  Judge  A.  H 185,  662 

Zoology, 182 


45 


706 


INDEX. 


INDEX 


KAMES. 


PA6K 

Abbott,  Hiram 176,  231 

Abel,  Heniv 325 

Abel.  Herman 502 

Abeit.  James  W 163 

Abraham,  J.   P 184 

Acker,  William  H 132,  134 

Adams,  A,  S 346 

Adams,  C.  F 185 

Adams,  William 346 

AdODCk,  Kobert 319 

Aitkin,  R.  M 347 

Albaiish.D.  W... 186,  214 

Alden.A.  M 602 

AUIrich.  Cyrus 184,494 

Allan,  .lames  M 602 

Allen, C 186 

Allen,  Z.O i)02 

Allen,  J.  H 184 

Allini;,  E.  T 187 

Allison,  A 347 

AUwort  1),  J.  C 502 

Ames.  Dr.  A.  A 190,  602 

Ames,  Dr.  Alfred  Elisha,  174, 185,  373 

377,   4H4 600 

Ames,  Charles  G 186,379,  471 

Ames,  Eli  B ,'iOl 

Ames,  Ezra  B 501 

Ames,  GeorueF 313 

Ames.Orville 222 

Ancel,J.L 228 

Anderson,  Andrew 503 

Andersun.C.  P ' 603 

Anderson.  Daniel  185 

Anderson,  C.H 603 

Anderson.  James  234 

Anderson,  John  H 234 

Anderson,  Capt.  Joseph 149 

Anderson,  Kobert 233 

Anderson,  William 231 

Angell,A.  O .325 

Anuell,  Henry  177 

Ankeny,  A.  T 503 

Ankein,  W.  P 185,  603 

Ankenv,  W.  S 503 

Appleby,  John  F 604 

Areh>-r,  James  284 

Archibald.  A.  K.  C 608 

Archibald,  David 272 

Archibald,  William 272 

Armstrou);,  .lolin  A  186 

Armstrong,  Solon ,'i04 

Arnell,  John  H 604 

Ariioldv,  Jolin 505 

Arnoldy,  Peter 505 

Aronson.  B 601 

Asleson.  K 505 

Astrope.  Henry 26i 

Atkinson.  Uev.  Lewis 298 

Atwater.  F.  A 505 

Atwater,  Judge  Isaac,  186.  367,  375 

476.  480 499 

Anslin.  A.C:  184 

Austin.  EzraH 505 

Ausiin.  (iov.  Horace 157,168 

Austin,  L.  A 252 

Avdt,Ciiarles  304 

Babb,  E.  C        605 

Babcock,  E.  A....,  262 

Babcoek,  P.  M  186.  488 

Baehner.  E.  &  B 505 

Bacluis.  iMiss  Electa 182 

Bap'ev,  George 506 

Bailey, A.C 272 

Bailev,  Ale.xis 183 

Bailev,  F       48R 

Biird,  George  W 216 

JJaird,  W.  J 215 


r.\OE 

Baker.B.  F 175 

Baker,  Howard 137 

Baker,  Gen.  James  H 151,  202 

Baker,  S.  Harlan ...180,  5i'G 

Baldwin,  G.  P 184 

Baldwin,  Mark l"6 

Baldwin,  E.J 184 

Ball.  Miner 506 

Ball.  Kichard 261 

Barbt-r,  Daniel  R 506 

Barber,  Ed.  C ,606 

Bard  well.  Charles  S 507 

Barge.  Jacob 507 

Barker,  D.  H 5t.7 

Barker,  S  507 

Barkow,  Charles 273 

Barnabv.  E.  G 507 

Barnard,  B.  B 186 

Barnard .  Thomas  G 507 

Barnes,  E.  S 273 

Barnes.  S 272 

Biirnum.  John  T 607 

Barrows.  F.  C 507 

Barrows,  W.  M 50S 

Bartholomew.  R,  L 184,  213 

Barton,  Hon.  Ara 159 

Bartow,  Robert  W 242 

Bartow.  Samuel 187,  242 

Basselt,  Daniel 185 

Bassctt,  Fred 187 

Bassett,  Joel  B.,  183,  186,  374,  486, 

480,  490 

Bassett, R.P 183 

Baston,  .\.  H 213 

Bates, G.H  ,608 

Bates,  Erastns  N 184 

Bates,  John  W 508 

BausMian.  A.   I. .608 

Baxter.  James 608 

Baxter.  John 185,  303 

Bayer,  J.  D 273 

Baver,  John ,5o8 

Bazlev,  T.  T 228 

Beal,A.  H 509 

Bean,  Keuhen .372 

Bean,  Stephen  269 

Beaumoni.  J.  Flanders       .        ..  509 

Becker.  Jacob ,609 

Beebe,  Franklin ISG,  488,  r^m 

B' email,  E.  P 249 

Beers.  H.  H 252 

Bell.S.  N ,609 

Benireke,  Dr,  Karl .609 

Benjamin.  F .610 

B>-nnei.  Webster 510 

Bennett,  S.  J 510 

Benson,  Jared 184 

Benson,  A.  H 187 

Benton,  C.  Henrv 510 

BeiUon.Col.  R.  C 510 

Bereiis.  Peter 273 

Berg,  John 281 

Bermann.  A 610 

Bernstein.  W 347 

Berry,  A.C 493.  .610 

Berry,  Frederick  G 51 1 

Berry,  John 341,  5lo 

Berry,  Jonathan  C 611 

Bertram,  Ge'Uge 176,  24S 

Bickford,  Daniel 4S6 

Bidwell.  IC.  L 511 

Bidwell.  Herman 510 

Biggs,  L 611 

BiglyG.  W 511 

Bills,  Aiden  P 273 

Biidwell,  J.  W 511 

Bishop,  Jesse 184 


PAGE 

Black,  H.(' ..  296 

Black.  Mahlon 186 

Blaisdell.  Robert 347 

Blaisdell.  Robert  Jr 347 

Blaisdell.  William 347 

Blake.  John  D  158 

Blakelv.  David 511 

Blakeman.  .\.  B 187 

HIakeman.  I,    V.N ,612 

Blakeman.  William 512 

BlfCken.C.  H 186 

Blitz.  Adolpli 512 

Blodgett.  Samuel  F 218 

Blood.  J.  W 512 

Blonstein.   L    512 

Blowers.C.W  187 

Bf-ardman,  C.  N  512 

Bnardman.  W.  M 512 

Bode,  .\.  H 612 

Bnflferriing.  .Tohn 613 

Bofferding,  Nicholas 513 

Bnlian,T.  \l 513 

Biihanon,  John  C 278,  281 

Bdton.  X.  H 513 

Bonto\,S 513 

Bonionr,  A 252 

Booth,  J.  E 216 

Borgesrode,  Rudolph 134,  195 

Bortlnvick,  Alexander 307 

Bornp.  Charles  W 366 

Bostwick.  Lardner 186,  485,  513 

Bosworth.  W.  W 518 

Bottineau,  Pierre....  175.  367,  294,  ,329 
359,  513 

Boucher,  Octave 320 

Boucher,  Peter 273 

Bonglitini.  H.  H 281 

Boutell,  M.C 518 

Boweii.  Millard  F 518 

Bowman,  Geo.  D 374,  379 

Bowman.  J.  K 347 

Boyd.Ceo.Jr 209 

Brackelt,  Maj.  A.  B 207 

BrHckett,  Ge  ..  ,4. 491 

Kiackett.  H.  H 493 

Biaekett,  W.  M 491,  618 

Bradlev,  James  F 184 

Braescii.  Christopher 333 

Brandon.  J.  D 266 

Branii.  T.  A 618 

BiHii,  Frank 243 

Bien.  Joseph  242 

Brewster,  Joel 187,  213 

Briggs.  E.  C 519 

BriL'gs,  J.  H 325 

Brigham.  Levi  288 

Brighain.  William 519 

Brilev.  Sainnel 266 

Brimmer.  Dr.  F.  H 519 

Brimmer.  W.  D 304 

Brisselt.  Kdniond 341 

Bristol.  Wanen  183,  186.  373 

Broad.  E 519 

Brohaiigh.  Ole  620 

Brookin-i.  G.  W 2S1 

Brooks.  Rev.  David  519 

Brooks.  Jabez  D.  D 519 

Brooks.  William  325 

Brossean,  Mrs.  Margaret 228 

Biouillette.  J.  B    521 

Brown.  Baldwin 18.6,  520 

Brown.  Beiij.  J 493,  520 

Brown,  C.  I) 521 

Brown,  F.  D 521 

Brown.  (i.W 213 

Brown.  Isaac 183,  186,  489 

Brown,  James  A 235 


INDEX. 


707 


PA  OR 

Blown,  ,1.  H 521 

Brown,  J,  AI 521 

Blown.. Toll II 228 

Brown,  Joseph  R 340 

Brown,  Maj.  Joseph   R..   149,  173,  212 

359 

Brown,  Lvnian 185 

Kr..wn,  M.  D ...3-17 

Brown,  Nathaniel  235 

Brown,  Otis,  H  289 

Blown,  Seni'oa  296 

Brown,    llioinas ■ 359 

Brown,  W.  VV 521 

Brown,  Z-hira  E .521,  5.5B 

Bryant,  James 180,  201,  521 

Bryant,  Robert  K  I80 

Br\ant,  TlnniiasC  24.i 

Bryant,  William  V 231 

Bnckeiulorf,  Henry 522 

BncUeiiilorf,  William ,  ,522 

Bndl,  W.  W 265 

Biieli,  U.  L 159 

Bnerteiiiiig,   Martin    .5'/2 

Btn;bee,G.O 512 

Bnll,  James  A 2U,  210 

Biirch.  A.  D 2.53 

Burelifteld,  A 273 

Bnrcliliekl,  C.  »V 273 

Bur;;,  Aflain 355 

Bnixeois,  John 2:i8 

BnrUe,  Edward 522 

Burrell,  I..  VV 522 

Burroni;h's,  Ira 177 

Biirwell,  William  E 522 

Bnselijost,  Louis 523 

Bnsli,  Krederielc 2lG 

Bnsliiiell,  C.  K 522 

Bntier,  .Vlansou  ti 213 

Butler,  B.E 523 

Buttolph,  F.  G .523 

Bntier,  (i.  S ,523 

Butler,  H.  C .523 

Butler,  Levi 185 

Bntier,  VV.  E 523 

Buxton,  I".  J  .523 

Byrnes,  James 523 

Byrnes,  Win 186,  347 

Byrnes,  datherine 347 

Cahill,  VV.  f 524 

(lain,  .(allies 524 

Cain,T.  H  524 

Calladine,  James  .524 

Camp,  Arthur  A 524 

Cain|),  (ieor^e  A 185  199 

Camp,  Rev.  J.  J 205 

Camp,  Lieut 173 

Oampnell,  A.  J.,  half  breed.  150 

Campbell,  ,Iolin  AIeK 624 

Campbell.  L.  K 273 

Cauney,  Joseph  H 174  177 

Canney,  T.  J  ;>i 

Cantieny,  Casper  .525 

Capron,  I'haddeus  C 289 

Carpenter,  H.  M 620 

Carpenter.  Nathaniel  Sen 353 

CaritJii,  William  iVl 525 

Carr,  (1.  C  528 

Carr,  L.  S 525 

Carlin,  E.J 525 

Carinau,  Frank 261 

Carman,  John 259 

Carey,  John 216 

Carlson.  Lewis 548 

Caroii,  Octave 325 

Carson,  Elijah 253 

Carver,  Joualhaa 108 

Case,  Emauuel 374 

Case,  E.  D  525 

Case,  riweet  W 185  488 

Cate,  W.  W 183 

Cates,  Ceo.  VV 525 

Cauvet,  E  C     524 

Cavanangli,  John 236 

CliartwicK,  William  228 

Chaffee,  .\lleii  B  2s5 

Chalt'ee,  James  F    195  520 

Chamber-i,  Tliomas 377 

Chambers,   William 176  222 

Chamiierlain,  Kev.  J.  S 2.50  470 

Chamberlain,  W.  H  5-.'6 

Chaniplin,  O.  R  326 

Chanipion,  W.  B £,20 

Chandler.  E.  H 289 

Chaudounet,  liev.  Z.  L 526 


ru  ,.     X  P.\GE 

Chant.  James .527 

Chapman, C.B  186 

Charlton,  llavid 186 

Chase,  C.  C 217 

Chase.  C.  L '  184 

Chase,  Capt.  Dudley.  P 205 

(•hascJohuN iss 

Chas»,  Capt.  Jonathan 184,  200 

Chase,  Josiah  H .527 

Chaska.  dudiani isg 

ChastMck,  .lohn  M 243 

Chatneld..lu    ge  A.  (i  ...185,488,  .532 

Cheever,  Win.  A 177,  361 

Chilson,  Vat  igj 

Chilstrom,  P.  O ige 

Cnilstroin.C.  E  527 

Cliipman.  S.  P  089 

Chittenden,  E.  H  527 

Clioweii,  Geo.  W  186,489 

Choweii,  Joseph  H 243 

Cliowen,  Willi  iin  S 184,  239,  213 

(Christian, .(.  A 627 

Christian.  Llexellyn .527 

Chrisllieb.  B.  F  274 

Christlieb,  Isaac  A ..  273 

Chrisllieb,  Levi 528 

Christmas,  Charles  W.  183,  186, 

247,  300,  374 

Churchill. Salmon  K 343 

Chnte,  Richard 468,528 

Clark,  Allen  W 201 

Clark,  Charles  H  184,214 

Clark,  C.  VV 5og 

Clark,  E,  C  344 

Clark,  H.  B 62i< 

Clark.  Isaac  B .528 

Clark,  J.H 253 

Clark,  .Tames 2.35 

Clark,  J.  S  628 

Clark,  John  529 

Clark,  .(ohn  W 529 

Clark,  Reuben i82 

Clark,  Thomas 334 

C;iark,  Capt.  William  A 201 

eleven,  John 206 

Cleveland,  Arba..« 184 

Clon;;h.  Gilbert 529 

Cobb,  Kev.  Daniel 529 

Cobb,  H.J 529 

Cochran,  M  I80 

Code,  George 217 

(^olbiath,  W.  C 530 

Cide,  Emerson .530 

Coleman,  Ttiomas 530 

Colemin,  John  A ik4 

Collins,  Dr.  D   F 530 

C.dlins,  William  D 231,  235 

Colloin,  Jesse  530 

Colstrom.  N.  E ' .530 

Ci>lvllle,  Col.  William 156,  206 

Comerford,  M.  C 186 

Conkev.  J.  H 530 

Connolly,  T 243 

Connor,  Daniel 253 

Connor,  Ellas  H 530 

Con  well,  F.  A .'.  186 

Conver.se,  A.  S 531 

Conzet.  Martin 315 

Cook,  Franklin 180,  324 

Cook,  C.  H .5,11 

Cook,  H.  T  S3l 

Cook,  John 323 

Cook,  Mithias  S 259 

Cooke,  Jay 158 

Coolev,  George  W 186,  531 

Cooley,  Grove  B 488,  531 

Coot,  Charles 532 

C'>oper,  B ,532 

Coombs,  tToseph 532 

Coplin,  Charles 632 

Copely,  Mrs.  Mary 217 

Corcoran,  Patrick  B  187.317,  320 

C'nvoraii,  William 320 

Cornell,  Jiidne  F.  K.  E... .184,  487,  5,32 

Correns,  T.  W 532 

Costigan,  VVyman 532 

Cuulliard,  Cornelius  214,  217 

Coulter,  Andrew  J 289 

Courtvvright,  Alfred 173 

Cowdrev.  S.  B 21  > 

Co.x.  E.  St.  Julieu  144 

Craik,  Andrew 215,  532 

Craik,  John 214,  633 

Craik,  Miss 214 


PACE 

Cramsie.E.A 533 

('randall.  D.  C 281 

Creiuh,  A.  J  ,53,'i 

Cripean,  F.  X 341    34s 

Crittenden.  M  H 533 

Crooks.  Col.  William 146, 151,  196 

Crooker,  N osg 

Cross,  Capt.  Jiidson  Newell 534 

Cross,  William 6.34 

Crosbv.  Kiehard .53:5 

Croswell.  H.  J 184 

Crow,  Isaac  233 

Crowe,  James I86 

Crowell,  S.  S 176 

Cii  ver.  G.  N ..    534 

Cnmmings,  A.  A .534 

Cnmmiugs.  Geo.  W 2I8 

Cnmniings.  R.  U  .534 

•  'ummiiiL's,  Koliert  W 177,  634 

('unuinghani,  H.  II 229 

Cniminghain,  T.  C 535 

Cnrle.v,  P  ter 348 

Cnrtiss,  C.  C fo5 

Curtis,  Henrv 289 

Curtis.  Theodore  L  535 

dishing,  Hon.  Cileb 177 

Cnihbertson,  James .535 

Ciit'er,  E.  W 1R4 

Diggett.C.  H 535 

Dagne.Joliu   214 

Dale,  Alplieus .5;i5 

Dalluge,  K    635 

Daly,  P.itrick    536 

Dana,  X.  J  T.  Capt 133,  134,  372 

Danforth.T.K 53»i 

D  iiiiel,  Dennis ,320 

Daniels,  Peter 330 

Daniels.  S.  (i 538 

Dark,  Frank 530 

Darmody,  Patrick 325 

Darnm,  T.  H  536 

Davenport,  E.J  186,489,  637 

Davidson,  ProL  Charles 536 

Davin,  John  536 

Davis  Hon.  Cnshman  K 159 

Davis.J  H 537 

Davis,  William  H 637 

Davison,  C.  D  184 

Davison,  C.  Wright .636 

Davison,  K.  A  .'37 

Day,  Alcibiades 253 

Day,  Enos 253 

Day,  George  E 2.53 

Day,  Joseiih  W 334 

Dav,  W.H.  H 537 

Day,  W.  P 346 

Dayton,  Lyman 314 

Dean,  Ernest 537 

Dean,  Joseph 225, 176,  183. 186, 

222,  658 

Degardins.  Joseph 320 

Delorier,  Joseph .'37 

Demeules.Z  I80  ,537 

Dennis,  W.  H 638 

Dennison,  D 538 

Dennison.  lames  E £38 

Denoyer,  Stephen 366 

Desjarlais,  Louis 360 

D-verv,  Patrick 325 

Dick,H.T 38 

Dickey,  Alex 274 

Dickey,  H.  C  266 

Dickey,  R.  B  274 

Dickeisoii,  .1.  C  141 

Dickinson.  Seymour 638 

Dillingham,  Fred  W., 5.18 

Dittfacli,  Fritz 253 

Dixon,  Charles  B 538 

Dobson,  William  243 

Dodd,  Lieut.  W.  B 141 

Dodge,  James  Albert 639 

Dodge.  J.  S  538 

Doell,  lolin  W 539 

Dole,  A.  M  638 

Dole, Hill.  Wm.   P 147 

Dolliver,  VV.  A 539 

Donaldou,  .Maj.  J.H 281 

Donaldson.  H 

Donlin,  Edward 639 

Donnelly,  Hon.  Ignatius 132  140 

Donnelly,  M  6,39 

Dorau,  ,jr.  W 539 

Dorinan.  Israel 189 

Doiner,  J.  H 539 


708 


INDEX. 


PAGE 
DOIT,  CD 540 

Diiujihertv,  James 510 

Dousla'*,  Secoii'l  Lieut  S.  B Hie 

Donjilass,  Daniel 540 

Dow,  Daniel  E 2« 

Di)w,  H.  B 540 

Dow.Jolm  Ware 177  278 

Uowiiev,  JdIiii   F 540 

Diiwnie.  I'nI.  Mark  W 204 

Drake.  C.  H  185 

Dranye,  J.  O 540 

Draper,  Joshua 375 

Dr.ssler,   \Vm 540 

Jlrisenll.  D 541 

Droll,  W 642 

Dubois,  C.  H 541 

Dndiev,  Tavlor 185 

Dufour,  Moses 320 

Diigas,  William 177,  183,  ;io5 

Dnt'iran.  William  J 218 

Dnluike,  Wm 541 

Diiluth,  Capt.  Johu  169 

Dunliar,  Owen  K 225 

Dunham,  O.  H 541 

Dunn,  L.  A  541 

Dnnn.Tliomas 541 

Dnnnington.  K.  P.  ..   541 

Diinsniiior,  Dr.  James  A 213,  541 

Dunsmoor,  Irvln 216 

Diuisnioor,  Dr.  F.  A 542 

Dupoiit.  Jiisepl) 320 

Dinnam,  Join.  M 289 

DuToit.  Geo.  E 20) 

Dnlton.G.  B  183 

Dntton,  Josiah 282 

Dver,  E.  W 542 

D\er,  Dr.  William 173 

Earenfl-ht,  C.  T 348 

Eliert.  Kreilerlck 3  5 

E<l(lv,  E.  W  .>42 

E.ldv.JohnM 326 

Edsti-n.  A.  H        542 

EiUvarils,  David ....  187 

EfjKlestoii.  Kev.  Edward 232 

Eiclielzer,  P.  F  .     542 

Eidam.  Eilward  H 244 

Ekes,  Martin 348 

Elioli,  W'vman 543 

Elliott  Clias.  J  543 

Ellioit,  D 513 

Ei.iisiwoorr,  Fernanrto 241 

Eili^.B  R 543 

El Isworl li,  Clark 282 

El  swortli,  David 294 

Elweli,  Jam.-s  1 543 

Emerv.  lulhv 300 

Hniery.  Dr.  Geo.  \V 543 

Emerson,  .Selli 543 

Emmans.  N.  H 543 

Empi-n^er.  J.  H 244 

Emie.  .Angnst 544 

Engel.  Nhliolas 3a5 

Kni;rKted,  V.O 514 

Eni^nr,  Henry 544 

Ert.Simnel. 544 

Essene,  T.  J 544 

l':s.i*s,  (lliarles 3i5 

Eistiv.  .1.  M 186.  5H 

E.ans,  llr.O   J 544 

E  ans.  Wm.  K 187,  326 

Everaid..lMlin  K 545 

Ewinir.  Wm..M 216,  218,  322 

Fairliairn.  Dr.  A.C 186 

Faniham.  Kiifus 282 

Fari'liani.  S  miner   W 183 

Farrin^lon.  Alhert  E 545 

Farriii'.;! G.  F 545 

Fane,  llenrv 274 

Fe.lersml.  N.D 5l5 

Feek.Koliert 545 

Feleli,.I.C 545 

Felt.  Frank  B 545 

Femlei',  W.    I   545 

Fergn-on,  William  H 2'>3 

Fcriinsiiii.  John 546 

Ferrant.  E.  M .546 

Feriier.  Cliailes 546 

F'Triil  \.  D 187 

Fesslei-.  A.  H .545 

FkmL.I.  W 546 

Fini-h,  William 1R7,  213 

Fimlle*.  Naninel  J 174,359 

Finical,  Samuel 187 

Fu.ley,  Owen  348 


P.4GK 

Ferren,  Jonathan 184 

Fisher,  W.  A .546 

Fisk,  Capt.  James  L  133 

Fitch.  Thomas 546 

Flaiulrau.Hon.  Chas.  E.,  141, 157, 

185,  488 

Fleer.  Rev.  Herman 546 

Fletcher,  Dr.  Hezekiah,  183,  373,  486 

494 

Fletcher,  Di-.  L 173 

Fletcher,  Hon.  Lorcn 185 

Flovd.  (i.  W 54» 

F'ogartv.  Patrick.. 218 

Folsonie,  Edgar 369 

Foreman.  Samuel 547 

Forler.  Jcdin 547 

Fortttingler,  George 218 

Forsvth,  W 547 

Fortier,C.J 547 

Foss,  D.  M    318 

Foster,  A.  D 485,  547 

Foster.  Andrew  J 547 

Franklin,  Samuel 548 

Franklin,  S.  J 518 

Franklin.  William  B 548 

Erederichs,  C 482.  548 

French,  Allen  T 274 

Frenet.  George 548 

Frosi,  Benjamin 334 

Friien,  \V.  H  346.  348 

Fnllerton,  William 300 

Gaffnev.Thiimas 349 

Galhraith,  Maj 1.37 

Gale,  Kev.  Ainorv 215,  472 

Gale,  Harlow  A 186,493.  549 

Gale,  Samuel  C 549 

Galpiii,  Rev.  Charles 2s7 

Galpin,  George 187 

Gali.in,Gpo.  R  549 

(ialiiin,  Moienus .549 

Gamache,  F 315 

Gardner.  Cephas 183 

Gardiner,  Thomas ' 549 

Garrison.  A.  E 176 

Garritv.  L  549 

Gasliii.  W.  H 290 

Garvais,  Louis  Pierre 322 

Garvey.C.  C 173,  349 

Garvey.  James  L 214 

Garvev.  Wm  214 

Garvie.S.B 138 

Gan.C.  A .549 

Gear.  Kev.  E.  G 476,  340 

Getehcll,  Washington 186.  2.s5 

Ghosilv.  H  .rrv 1S5 

Gihl)^,  G.  .\ 550 

Gihs.  n.  UHiilien  B 176,184.223 

Gidi'on.  IVter  M 181,2m 

Gielienliain.  George 2.S2 

Gierlsen.  N.  H .5.50 

Gilliert,  .1.  B 187 

Giles,  Henrv 550 

Gilfillan.Col.  James  B.,..  155.  203,  i»d 

Gi  Bllan.  John  B 185,  186 

Gille.  Chai  les 651 

Gilleshy..!   5.50 

Gilman.J.A 650 

Gilinan.  J.  Q 551 

(iilpitrick,  <'harles 342,  375 

Gilo  ore,  I).  M .550 

Gilnioiv,  Geo 214 

Giim.'re.  John  F  218 

Gi.iuore,  .losi'ph  H 550 

Girling,  W.  M 349 

Girrhach.  G.  F    5-.1 

Givans.  Janifs 551 

Gjertseii.  Herman  J ..  218 

(Jleesoii,  Mi'-hael 214,  218 

Glenn,  M.  W 187,  .551 

Glessner,  Wm  .551 

(i  lick,  J.G 552 

GInek.G  iltleih .552 

GodfreN ,  Aid.  177.  346,  361,  367  494,  5.52 

God lre\,  Key.  Alfred  C  374 

Godlivv,  L.niis 212 

Godine.  Paul 302 

GoehiMiiier. Chris 652 

(Ji'Uvea,  O  A         5.52 

Goodale,  Joiin  W 290 

Goode.  A.  H 5.52 

(Jnodrieh.  Al'en  G 223 

Goodriidi.  A.  L         222 

(ii.odricli,  .Mrs.  Rebecca 222 

Goodrich,  W.  H 290 


PAGE 

Goodrich,  P 552 

Goodrich.  Sam.  Augustin,l83, 222,  228 

Goodspeed.  E.  .4 349 

Good.vin.  W.  H 290 

Gordon,  E 552 

Gorham,  David.. 183,  186,  334,  341  362 

Gorman,  L.  B 553 

Gorman,  Gov  Willis  A... 132, 174, 

188,  487 

Gorton,  Leander 185 

Gould,  Aaron 184,231 

Gould,  Alexander 186,  231 

Gould,  F.  G 250 

Gould,  William  C 314 

Gould,  Wm.  W 553 

Gove,  E.  A 186,  488 

Graham,  Alexander 176 

Graham,  Gilbert 184 

Grandy.J.  L 553 

Grant.  Capt.  H.  P 149 

Grave,  Allen  274 

Graves,  C.  A 553 

Gray, A.N ...  244 

Gray,  Charles  £ 553 

Grav,  Stiles 295 

Gray,  T.K 63 

Greeley.  W.  Q .  553 

Green ,"  John 349 

Green.  M.  A 290 

Greirorv.C 214 

Greiheii,  Anton 186,  554 

Griffith,  J.  M .554 

(irime,  John    554 

Giimshaw.  Wiliiair 554 

Grindall,Eli1ah  W 187.  356 

Giindall.  E.  S 554 

Groesback,  E 213 

Groshusch,  J'thn  554 

Glover,  Freeman 554 

Guilder,  A.  R 555 

Guinion,  Simon 556 

Gunnersen,  S.  K 555 

Grvgla.  Frank.. 654 

Ha'rft.  Mathias, 311 

Hargrayes,  .j .  W 657 

Harmon,  All^n 186  373 

Harrington.  Capt 147 

Harringl  n,  Jolm  S 244 

Harrington,  Lewis 186 

Harris,  Ariel  C 557 

Harris  C.  W 213 

Hairis.  Capt.  Smith 178 

Harris.  S.  A 557 

Harrison, C.W 290 

Harrison,  H.  G  545  .5.57 

Hiriiscm.J.J  254 

Harrismi.  .loseph 229 

Harrison.  N.  H  244 

Harris. Ill,  Thomas  A .5.58 

Harlman.  Philip 558 

Harves,  W  lliam 49  254 

Hasi\,  K.  H 282 

Hasliow,  Charles  G .-68 

Haslin^s,  W.  H  558 

Hatch,  .Maj.  E.  A.C 147,153,  208 

Hiuscliild,  Henry 558 

Haiise.  .Ji'sf  ph  \\ 568 

Hanser.  Jactili  658 

Haviland.  Chancy 296 

Haviland.  Kli 296 

Hawkins.  Hmatio 310 

Ha"liiiis.  Jasper  310 

Hawkins,  Leonard  L 326 

Hawkins.  S.S  326 

Hiwkes.  James 219 

H.iwthi-rne.  E.  P 558 

Hawth.Miie,  W.  P 558 

Havdeli.  .V    K 184 

Havden.  Wniitworth ls4 

Haves,  John 559 

Ha\es,J    W 349 

Haies.  \I.  P 5.9 

Haesj.Chailes 219 

Hafften.Carl 316 

Hagiin  Cliarles  F 655 

Haight.  W.  X 555 

llaiiies.  B.C 274 

Hale.  William  E 186 

Hall.  A.  R  184 

Mall.C.  W      555 

H  ill.  K   F 214 

Hall. .lames 185 

Hall.  .Miliew  N 219 

H..U,Wm.S 656 


mDEX. 


709 


PAOE 

Hall,  W.  W 314,  310 

Hallai-"!!,  M.  J 349 

Waller,  Rev.  J.  G 5,56 

Hallinir,  Lnrentz 556 

Halsted,  Frank  William 2.57 

Haniel,  .7.  () 274 

Baniilton,  Josepli  215 

Hamlin,  Hun.  Eilward  0.134, 1R5,  488 

Hamlin,  Hnbait  U 186,  5.50 

Hanim,  Heniv 5.56 

Hammond,  William '. 5-56 

Hamnstiom.C  J  5.56 

Hanee,  Dr.  S.  F 557 

Hanke,  Cnii.stnpliei' 34<) 

Hankinsnn,  Richard 557 

Han^eimi.  B.  F 214 

Han.seonjl),  Ezra  187,286 

HaiLsnn,  1).  M 184,  180 

Hanson,  (ieo.  A ,5.57 

Hanson.  J.  D 5.57 

Havfoid.  George 659 

Haynes,  O.  F 55!) 

Hay,  Ani;ust 254 

Hays,  Lambert 5i9 

Hay.s,  Richard 175 

Haywood,  Jesse 219 

Hazer,  .J'mes  H 559 

Heap,  Captain  D.  P 166 

Heard,  1.  V.  D 151 

Heatiin,  David 184 

Hecknch,  Fred .5.59 

Heclitniai'..Iohn 295,  296 

Jledderlv,  Edwin 183,374,486,  55i 

HedderU,  ]).  G 560 

Hedderly.T.  L  560 

Hedsiniin,  N.  M 560 

Heffel linger,  C.  A 560 

Heffeltiiiger,  G.  B ,500 

Hefti,  Frank 660 

Heftv,.T 5h0 

Heinrich,  John 561 

Heiss,FranzJ  219 

Held,  J.  F    349 

Helfrich,  W.  H 561 

Hnminp.  N.  H.  - 186,  488 

Hen'lerson,  .1   H  561 

Henion.J.  W 561 

Henr.\,  Chris 561 

Hem  y,  Isidore 216 

Henry,  Kennedv 562 

Hennepin,  Fnther  Louis 109 

Hen^lniw,  ('.  E ,562 

Herjilnnil,  J.  W 662 

H.-r W.M  187 

Hes  er.  Fr  aik  E 561 

Hfwsiin.  Siephen 184 

Hicks,  Hnnry  (i..l85,  180,  488,  534,  ,562 

Hierliolzer,  Cluis  ,562 

Hi Igedick,  Ernest 3.56 

Hilgerma'',  Q.  A  563 

Hill,F.  K 503 

Hill,  F.C .563 

Hill,  Francis 663 

Hill,  Ichabod  P  563 

Hill,  James  W .63 

Hill,L.D 563 

Hdlstroin,  John 206 

Hilton,  L.C  251 

Hineline.Geo 503 

Hnikle,  Francis  S ,503 

Hinckley.  J.  B 187,  .300 

Hiiiton,  Jidm    503 

Hiiim  in.  Kidsey 203 

Hinnnin.  Rev.  S,D  138 

Hipler.  Ciipt.  Benedict 2U5 

Hiscoik,  J  H 538,  664 

Histeil,  Jolian 2ii6 

Hoag,     aron 310 

HoaL',Cll  irles       ...     174,196,219,374 

Hoaglaiid.Char'es  W 274 

Hoaulanil,  Louis  K 2!4 

Hoa!;land.  William 244 

Hoblis.  J,  T 664 

H obi  lie,  Henry .504 

H  kIu'Cs,  E.  .r  ....   , 504 

llofl,  Minerva 326 

Holiag.  Charles  A 214 

Hiibeiisieiii.  Adam 310 

Hohenstein.  George 316 

Hoib\,  Andrew  254 

>'ole-in-the-|iav(lndian)362,368,  ■54» 

Hiiichimse,  George.   664 

Holeiibeig.  Cliarles -    504 

Holmau,  Mrs.  Laura 220 


pai;k 

Holmes,  H.  W 564 

Holmes,  Thomas 313 

Holt,  Augustus 298 

Holt,  Charles  Evans 504 

Holt,  E.  E  565 

Holt,  J.  B  299 

Hoi  way,  F.  I,        282 

Honkomp,  Henry ,565 


214 
254 
344 
5(!i 
565 
505 


290 
290 
3.34 
.506 


Hoover.  Aaron 

Hopkins.  A.  H 

Hopkins.  H.  H 18 

Hopper.  Frank 

Horan,  Frank  ,1  

Horan,  Mrs,  J.  W 

Horner,  W.  H em 

Horlon,  .1.  W 666 

Hntchkiss.  Capt.  Wm.  A 134,  210 

Hovelsnn,  O  .566 

Howard.  Silas 2.54 

Howe,  Asa 

Howe,r.  R 288 

Howe,  Jonas  H 184 

Howell.  E.  P : 

Tloy,  Michael 493,  566 

Hov.  William  .560 

Hnbbard.  Orrin  220 

Hughes,  Charles  W 335 

Hughes,  Edward 336 

Hughes,  H.  J 566 

>lughes,  .Tames 3,^5 

Hughes,  Henry 3.35 

Hiijihes,  Thomas 330,  335 

HuL'gins,  Alexander ni 

Hnhti,  George 1S5 

Hull,  James.- .557 

Hull.  Stephen  no,  217 

Hulbert  William  F 2.36 

Hnmpbrev,  H.  H ,567 

Hunt.  B  .507 

Hunt,  Francis  is7 

Hunter,  Samuel 567 

llnnt.Tliomas  u 1R4 

Hnminu'tou,  Geo.  H 507 

HuniiuL'ton,  James 507 

Hiiiitiimton,  W,  W  1.S6 

HinUsbi'rger,  .Jacob 2r5 


275 
305 
305 
668 
568 
608 


Huutslieiger.  M 

Hurlind,  K.  R \ 

Hiirlluit,  William  F 

Huston.  Janes  F  

Hn-h,  Valeniine  G 

Hutcliins,  Dr.  E.  A 

Hidchinsoii,  .1.  C .508 

Huv.  Georu'e  E 186,373,  ,568 

HmIc.  L.Mel 508 

lliowizi,  Uev.  Henry 569 

Iiuierson.  Aslibel 185,  202 

Inks.  B.  F "09 

Ireland. ('.  H 50) 

Irwiu,  E.  F  ...^ 214,  230 

Irwin.  Georire  W 213 

.lackins,  .John... 173,  183.186.373,  475 

.lai'kson,  Henry 200 

J;ickson.  J.  R.      214 

Jacolis.John 316 

Jacoby,  Geo.  G 669 

Jacobv    vv.  H 569 

Jacolisim.C 569 

.Tanies,  Frei-nian  D  310 

Jamnie.  Jospph 336 

rlardiiiM.  Mexiufler  G 330 

Jurrett,  William  .1 2.30 

,lMrvie.  Mm'Iicw  .570 

Jelfer^on,  Robert  H 370 

,Ietferv,Tll..s 570 

Jellison.  Jesse  L 2.54 

.leuks,G.  A .570 

Jenkins,  U.  H  291 

.lenkins,  s*  Ivanus  29o 


.lenuiims,  Frederick  .\. 

Jenson  C  .      

Jerome,  Albeit  M.  . 

Jew:tt,  A.  W 

.JoInl■^^n.  C 

.Iidianson,  Hans 

Joliii  Oilier  L>av,  Indian. 

.Johnson,  .Asa  E 

iihiisoo,  A.  M 


..  2.59 
..  350 
..  186 
..  570 
..  571 
. .  350 
.  1,38 
.-  570 
..   570 

,Iolins>in.  (lliarles 275 

Jolinsoii. Charles  W 571 

.rohnson.C.O ,.   ...  207 

Johnson,  David  B ,571 

J'lhiisou,  F.  .V 571 

Johusou,  George  H .185, 186,  57 


Johnson,  Gnstavus  V 245 

Johnson,  J.  C ]g7 

.lohnson,  ,T.  W 572 

.lohnsou,  K ,572 

.lohnson,  Peter ..  572 

Johnson,  Gen.  R.  W 365 

Johnson,  W.  H 185,  572 

.Jonas,  Joseph 572 

Jones,  Edwin  Smith,...  .180,  488,  572 

Jones,  Capt.  Hariison 200 

Jones.  J.  G 180.  498,  .572 

Jones,  Jiihn  Sergeant 140,  153 

Jones,  R.  F 573 

Jones,  W.  H 573 

Jones,  W.  B !!  2.54 

Jordan,  Amos  C 575 

Jordan,  John  H 335 

Jordan,  R.  W 573 

Joseph,  John  P 574 

Kaestner.  John  D  574 

K,im|)ff,  Louis 3.sg 

Kautrowitz,  ,1 574 

Karlson,F.H 574 

Kassnlie,  Kail 275 

Kassnbe.  William  C  269,  275 

Keator.C  H  ,571 

Keen.C.  T 574 

l^ees,  M-ithias 574 

Keim,  Andrew ,574 

Keith,  A 213 

Keith,  Albert .575 

Keith,  (ieorge 184,57.5,494 

Iveith.  H.  C 187.  .'75 

Keller.J.M 575 

Kellei-.   H     575 

KelIcv,J,  W  229 

Kellev,  W.    A .576 

Kellv,   Dr    K.  S 676 

Kellv,  Frank  W 576 

K"llv,OscarA 291 

Ki'llv,  W.F  576 

Kellogg.  Nathaniel 188 

Kennedy,  Edward 576 

Iveuyoii,  A.    II 576 

Keraii.  Hurh  320 

Kerriilge.  Walter 576 

Kesler.  Jacob 283 

Ke.vs,  John  .576 

Kielei-,  Sarah 326 

Kiesel,   Leopold 220 

Kimball,  A.  C  187,  ,303 

KiuilialLDr.  B.  W .570 

Kim;,  Edward  E 220 

King,  O.  B 186 

Kilig.T.  S     --  .527 

Knig.  Col   Williams  344,480 

Kiugsley,  Charles  D 677 

Kui.:slev,  Edward  1 577 

Kirk,  A.  H 577 

Kirk,  J.  H 229 

Kirst.  E.  D  577 

Kittson,  .Norman  W 170,307 

K  ausuKin.  Maihias 336 

Klelziii.  M.  F 350 

Kline,  J.  W 678 

Klopp,  M.  .J  577 

Kiiellle.  George 270 

Kuiekerbaekei-,  Kev.  D.  B...47fl,  578 

Kiixblaiicli,  Alois 578 

Knob  ock   D  187 

Kn-pt,  Michael 326 

Knowles,   A.    11 578 

Koki-sli  John 245 

Kooii.  ALB  5,8 

K.  .leiiier,  John 678 

Krueger.   11 576 

Kuidi,  Philip 283 

Kvte.   John 220 

La  Brash.  A.  C 578 

LMiliier  ■,  Rev.  A 296 

Liillin,  Ge.i.  A 326 

l.atliu.g.  A 326 

Lamp,  ('hristian 579 

l.amii,  Joa.-liim. .579 

Lainoson,  Channcy 163 

Lamps'to,  Nathan 153 

Lamoreaux,  H,  K 579 

L:iiie,  A.  P  30C 

l>an.lrv,  Charles 3.58 

Lane.  Freeimin  P 186,  .579 

Lane,  .lames  S 679 

L.inc.  I-.  M 579 

Lall'^ilon,  K   B 185,679,  491 

Langdon,  R.  V 257  . 


10 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

Lange,  J 580 

Larii.-d,  William  L 1S3 

Laraiiiee,  Tenuis 580 

Larson,  Carl  580 

Lashells,  William  M ISi 

Latliain,  A.  W 255 

Lamieiilale.  W.  H 580 

J^awreiu'e,  James  R.,Jr 180 

Lawrence,  Kben  E 580 

Lawrence,  James  W 186,  580 

Lawson,  Braily 581 

Lavman,  J.  D 225 

Lavniaii,  Jerome 581 

La'viuan.  Mailin i!5o 

Learned,  Kev.  JJ.  M..     581 

Leavenwintli.  Lieut. Col.  Henry.  102 

Leber,  Julius  581 

Le  Bcrius.  Jolin 229 

Le  Boutillier.CliiU'!.  W..  ..181, 188,  200 

],e  Count,  .-Vntuiue S.'O 

Lefel)vre,  E 2-7 

J/ee,  John  T  581 

Lee,  JoliuM 581 

Lew,  L.  A 582 

Lenuon,  John  G 362,  5k2 

Leuzen.  Leonard 275 

Leonard.  Wni.H 195,  582 

Leppla.  .rohii 582 

Lester.  HenrvC.  Col  133,  193 

Le  Van,  W.  H 255 

Levi.G.  L 582 

Lev.  George 24.i 

Libbv,  A.D 31)0 

Libbv.G.  E 582 

Libbv,Joseph  583 

Libbv,  Thomas  583 

Liljeht'ren,  N.  P 583 

Lillibridse.  H.  F 581 

Lincoln,  Abraham 131, 152,  156 

Lincoln, J.L       583 

Lindas,  Hans 583 

Lindblad.  H  583 

Lindner.  IVter  G 275 

Lin  on.  Tb.<s.  M 584 

Lippincolt  Edward 18t) 

Lilht'ow,  William I7ti,  247 

Little  Crow,  Indian.. . 142,  liO,  154,  368 

Livingston.  A 581 

Livingston.  Pavid 176,231 

Lochien,  William 184,  584 

Locke,  David 245 

Lockwoi>d,  J.  E 584 

Lo^an.  K 2T5 

Lohse.  H 5X4 

Li>ng,  Majir.  Stephen  H ITS 

Looinis.Col.  Gustavus 171 

Longfellow. Jacob 291 

Loomis.G.  G 186 

l,oranger,  A.  R 275 

Lorini,,\.C 584 

Lovej.)V,  S.  B 584 

Loverin  II.  A  585 

Low,.r.F 584 

Lowell,  V.P 584 

Lowell.  H.  E 236 

Loye.  s.  B  .. 585 

Luce,  K.  K  2.t5 

Lueck,   Hudolph 685 

Lnfkm.Dr.  M.  U 585 

Lundlierg.  A.G .186 

Lundell.  Gns 585 

Lvdiai'd.  Samuel 269 

Lvford,C.C  586 

Lvncb,,lohn  586 

Lynde,  James  W 138,  169 

Lyiuis,  Charles 245 

Lyons,  .M  ichael  .586 

IMachineier.  Jacob 686 

Mackrotb.  J.  H  586 

Macnrdv.D.  A 586 

JVL.dson,  C USS 

Maeder,  Louis 586 

Magnire,  First  Lieut  Edward 166 

JlabafTv,  W.  D 587 

Malioney.  Mrs.  B 687 

JIahoney,  Jeremiah 229 

Maisb,  (apt.  Lewis 587 

JSIalbon.J.  S 187 

Jlalimey,  Michael 220 

Malmsi'en,  Aug .587 

Mangen,  Nicholas !i89 

Mann,  Henrv  B  1.S4 

Wann.  .lobnS 216 

Mann,  John  T 183,  186 


PAGE 

JLanning.  William 266 

Manton;  Rev.  J.  K 215 

Marc-band.  David  326 

Marriott,  ■William 587 

Marsh,  Albert 587 

Marsh,  Capt.  .rohn  S 137 

Marsh,  William  H 265 

Marshall,  Hon.  Wm.  R.,  146.  156, 

I.iT,  183,  361,  364.  377,  442 

Marten.  Jacob .987 

Martin.  H.  M 588 

Marlindell,  Mahlou 588 

Martn.  Paul 588 

M  a  rl  tv.  Sam  uel 889 

Maskeli.  Geo 588 

Massev,  Louis  212 

Massolt,  William  588 

Matthews.  A.  C 589 

Mattson,  Col.  Hans 588 

Manren,  Nicholas .589 

Maxwell,  Geoige 275 

Mav,(^apt.  C 2.50 

Mav.E.M .589 

Mayer,  Charles 30fi 

Mavers,  A.J  275 

Mayhew.G.  V 184 

Mavnard.J.  B .589 

Mavnard.C.  \.  W 213 

Mavr.  Kev  P.  Magnus  M 275 

McAfee.M.  J 226 

McAfee.  W.J 229 

McAnich.S     5s9 

McAr.Ue.  William 589 

McAnv,  T 2.55 

McCabe,  John 213 

McCabe,  Merriman 220 

McCann,  James 185 

McCarthv,  S.  J .590 

McCarlin,  Joseph 590 

McClary.  Rev.  Thomas .590 

McCnlloiigh,  Francis 262 

McCulloch.  A.  S .5!W 

McCnne,  M 591 

McDaniel.  James 591 

Mi'Dermott.  Ed 185 

McDfinald,  Finest  .591 

McDonald.  Francis  S 186,  .591 

MiDonaUl.  John .591 

McDonald,  John  W 591 

McDonald.  P .591 

McDonnell,. Tohn 320 

McFarlane.  J.  G 187 

McGarv.  JohnH  2  7 

McGaughev.  S.  N 592 

JIcGentv.  John  245 

McGolrick.  Rev.  James 591 

McGrath.K.  B 184,247,  2.55 

McGregor,  Wm 592 

McHattim,  Kev.  Alexander 232 

McKenzie,  K.  (i 592 

McKenzie,  John  231.  249 

McKernan,  Peter 592 

McKnighl.  W.  (;.  283 

McLa'en.  Col.  R.  N 151,  207 

McLaskev.  R.  H 592 

McLeod.  Martin 175,183,222,  227 

McLeori,  Walter  S 222 

McMillan,  James 592 

McMnllen,  A.  E  592 

McMwIlen.  George 593 

McMillen,  James 692 

McMurdv.R.S 593 

McNair,  WiHiam  W..470, 180,  59-i, 

487,  494 

McXeice,  W.  D .593 

McNeil.  Neil 302,  306 

McPhaiLCol.S 146,  149 

McPhaill,  Col.  Samuel 205 

Mi-Waters.  Daniel .593 

Meagher,  J.  O.  F 593 

Meaker.O  C 255 

Meeker,  Hon.  Judge  Bradlev  B... 

175,  185,  361,  488 

Medcalf.  W.  R    2S3 

Melstroli,  Henrv .593 

Mendenhall,  K.  J  594 

Menor,  J.C 6M 

Menninger.  Henry 186 

Menzel,  <i 594 

M-reer,T.E .595 

Merrill.  S.W 291 

M'-rriman.  ^Varon 262 

Merriman,  Eugene 262 

Merriman,  O.  C 595 


PAGE 

Merriman,  Samuel  L 186,  260 

Mei-riinan,  Warren 262 

Messer,  Benjamin  E 186 

iMetz.'er,  Charles 595 

Metzke,  Fritz 595 

Meurei.  .1.  P      275 

Mever,  Ernst  2+5 

Mever,  John  D 595 

Meyers.  Jacob 596 

Miais.G.  1) 301 

Michie.  J,  W  596 

Mile-i,  Charles  298 

JHIlam,  George 220 

Miller,  Charles  D 245 

Miller.FrankA 245 

Miller,  John  P 245,  373 

Miller,J.  H .596 

Miller,  J.  W .596 

Miller,  Miss  Nancy  E 182 

Miller.  I'erer 276 

Miller,  P.  S 350 

Miller.  Robert  H  301 

Miller,  Col.  Stephen  A.  .151, 1.53, 

154,  199 

Miller,  W  A 596 

Miller.  Walter 569 

Mills,  R  M  267 

Milne,  David  A .596 

Minei,  Amos,  L .597 

Miner.  N.  H 186 

Mink.  James    359 

Mitchell,  Andrew  W 236 

M  itchell,  John 187 

Mitchell,  Samuel  Sr 231 

Miitner, John.    ..' 59T 

Moel.'herf.  Lonis 597 

Moflatt.Wm.  K 213.342 

M.iffatt.  W.  G 213,  312 

Mohr,E 597 

iIoUn,A.P 697 

Molin-',  N 267 

Mooney,  M.  C 597 

Moore,   Alexander 183,186 

Moore,  Nathaniel 314 

Moore,  Samuel 266 

Morgan,  D.ivid 184,186,204,  279 

Morgan.  Col.  George  N 188 

Moriii.  Francis 3'U 

Morrell,  A.C 185 

Morrill,  Ashley  C 186 


^Moirison,  .\.  C. 
Morrison,  H.G.O.. 


598 
597 


Jlornson,  Clintiui 59S 

Miuri^on,  Dorilns 184 

.Morriscm.  Francis 283 

ilorrison.S.  D 28.'5 

Morin.  Joseph 3J1 

Mortimer,E.W 598 

Mortimer,  G.  W .  599 

Moses,  Elias 599 

Morse,  Elisha 598 

Morse,  FrankL 598 

Morse.  Frank  L 186 

Morse,  George  A  598 

Mosseaux.  Charles 340 

Monlton.  E.  H 599 

Moulton.K  599 

Mu.lgett.  A.  H 599 

JIueller,  John  B 599 

Mueller,  LonsC 599 

Midliken,  Wm 599 

Munch,  Capt.  Emit 1.34,  210 

Munger,  Albert  S 493,599 

.Minison,  J.  W 600 

-Mitrphv.A  6O0 

Muriiny.  E  Iward  173,374 

Mnrphv,  John  H 183,  501 

Miisser,  J.  P 600 

M  nher.  W 600 

Mvers,  C.  W 600 

Mvers.  Jacob 291 

Mvers,  W.  D 600 

Mvrick.  Nathan 138 

Navratil.  Frank 602 

Neill,  Rev.  EdwanI  D.  .188,305, 

444,  467,  470,  472,  600,  635 

Neill,  Richard 214 

Nelson.  B.  F 6U2 

Nelson.  Petrns 186 

Nelson,  An   lew  H 602 

Ne  son.  Thomas,  "Forday" 602 

Ness.  H.  T  603 

Nettleton.Gen.  .\.  B 602 

Newborn,  August 601 


INDEX. 


711 


PACE 

Newell. E.D 255 

Newell.  Geo.  K 557,  C(i4 

Neudeck,  Lewis 003 

Neiiileck,  Louis  W 604 

Newman,  E    604 

NiclKils,  G.  H  (504 

Niggler,  Kiulolph 2!i5 

Niim  J.  Newton 604 

Nobles,  rol.  Wm.  H 130 

Nohle.  Wni.  G COS 

Noel,,!.  P 605 

Niierenbei-g,  August  J 605  - 

Noerenbeig,  F.  L) 6(J5 

Nolan, , James 6i'5 

Noonan.  Davii 321 

Noinian.  Jolin 605 

North, , John    W 183,364,4*9  409 

Nortbiup,  Anson IHS,  364.  375, 

488,  497,  606 

Northiup.  N.  .T 225 

Norton,  Harvey  S 308 

Norris,  J.  W 291 

Norris,  lioliert  W 291 

Norris,  W.  H 605 

Nott,  W.S 606 

Nour.se,  George  A  186 

Nudd,  W.H (i07 

N\berL',W...  6ii7 

Olierlies,  .lolm 3.56 

O'Brien,  l>enis 607 

O'Brien .  Capt.  Henry  D 204 

Odell,  (Jeorge  187,213 

Odell,  HnwardC 221 

Ofstie,  .lolin  E 6u8 

Ofteilal,  Gust.  M 608 

Oftedal  .s COS 

O'Gornian,  Lieut  141 

Ohm.  Thomas 2.S6 

Ohrnnuult,  Otto 327 

O'Leary.G.  VV 267 

Oleson,  ,J.  H 60S 

Oliver,  H.  C 60R 

Olmslead,  David 176 

Olsen,  Simon 608 

Olson,  Otio  T 608 

0'Mera,.I"hn 316 

O'Neil,  G.  I), 008 

Ojiitz,  Albert  A 327 

Orff,  (ieorge  W 608 

Ormand.  Alexander  T 608 

Orth,  Edward 609 

Ortli,.Iohn ti09 

Grander.  P 609 

Oswald,  H    283 

Oswald, .lao"b 321 

Oswald ,  J   G  609 

Oswald,  U 350 

Otis,  George  L 1.57 

Ottawav,  'riionias 336 

Overncker.  1.  W 609 

Overlock,  E.  W  609 

Overlook,  ,James  H 609 

Owens,  E.  A 610 

Oxborongh.  Thomas  230 

Page,  E.  H  255 

Page.  Thom  is  216 

Pagenkonf,  John 2.57 

Paine,  William  B 236 

Palmer,  A liram 230 

Palmer,  .Touathan 6I0 

Palmer..!.  T 2H0 

Palmer,  L,  R ..  186 

Palmer,  Wilber 230 

Palmes, A. .J 6I0 

J'arker,  Benjamin 187 

Parker,  Dr.  ('.  H 610 

Parker,  Daviii  C 610 

Parker,  Daniel  G 3.37 

Parker,  James  M 187,  337 

Parker,  L.N 610 

Partridge,  Henry  A 186,  489 

Park«,  (ieorge 18:' 

Parmeiiter.  G.  W 610 

Parmenter.  E.  G  610 

Parmenrer,  H.  M 610 

Parrish,  P.   276 

Past,  John  G 184,  288 

Past.  John  H 3.37 

Patell.  LulheV 303,  494 

Patch-n,E       183 

Patterson,  F.  F 610 

Patterson,  John  611 

Palters  n,  Levi  N oil 

Patten,  J.  M 351 


PAGE 

Paul,  J.  H 611 

Panlle,  L 611 

P  nlv., lames 611 

Pavitt,  S.  N  2;t" 

Pavitt,  W  H 327 

Pavne.  James  M 207 

Pays,  Capt.  J 175 

Pease,  H.  M 249 

Pfirce,  Thomas  W.,  174, 184,341,  .351 

Peirniinet.  F.  M 611 

Pence,  .John  W 498,  611 

Penney,!.  L  611 

I'erkins,  Ellet  P 204 

Perkins,  Dr.  Edward  K 2.55 

Perkins,  Geo.  F 612 

Perkins.  John      263 

Peteler.  Capt.  Francis 133,  205 

Peters.  Catherine 327 

Peters,  Thomas 221 

Peters.  Herman  J 612 

Peterson,  .\ndrew  012 

Pet'ison,A.G  .  ...  012 

Peterson,  Ghristiau 351 

Peters(ni.  Fied 351 

Peter.S(Ui.  H.  0 612 

Petersen.  I.  G 612 

Petersen,  Oliver 612 

Peterson,  Martin 612 

IVtersoii,  P.M 230 

Peterson,  W.  P 284 

Pettit,G.  H 184 

Peitijohn,  Eli 183,215 

Petit.  John 359 

Pettingill.  M 613 

Petlit,  William 187 

Pelra<ch,  John 612 

Plielps,  E.  J 613 

Phelps,  Sewell 187 

Phelps    Sherman 32'i' 

Phillips,  George  C 245 

Phillips,  Nalhan  O 354,  3.56 

Phipps.  William  613 

Pike, Lieut. Zebulon  Montgomery  162 

Pillsbnry,  Charles  A 1.85,  613 

Fillsbury,  Charles  F : 613 

I'illsbury,  Fred.  C 613 

J'illsburv,  George  A 499,  613 

Pillsbnry,  Hon.  John  S.,  184,  1.59,  160 
481,499,  613 

Pinault.  Dr.  N.  J 297 

Place.  D.  N 221 

Ploch,  C.  E  614 

Plumnier,  Frank 186,  613 

Plummei',  Henry  .S 183 

Plnmmer,  J.P 187,  489 

Plummer,  Capt,  John  W 186,  203 

Plnmmer, Ij.P 186 

Poage.  Miss  Sarah 227 

Pomarleaii.  Geo 614 

Pomei'oy,  E.  F      , 614 

Ponieroy,  Geo.  W 291 

I'omerov. .!.  L 614 

I'oiid,  Kev.  Gideon  H.,   169,  174.  183 
222,  227,.  232,  468 

!'ond,J.  H 185 

PoiKl,  Kev.  S.  W 169 

Pottle.  J.  M 370,  615 

I'oi  viu.  .toseph     294 

I'onliol.  I! 'iiiain 276 

Poiiiiiki'.  lienjainih 317 

P<iwer.  Father  T.  L 614 

Powers.  John  F ■ 313 

Pratt,  F.  E 616 

Pral  t,  K.  L 350 

Pratt,  Stephen 3.50 

Pray,  Otis  A  565,  615 

Prescott,  A.  E 615 

Prescott,  Philander 173.213,  340 

Pribble,  J.  T 186,  297 

Pribble.  .Seth  P 291 

Pribble.  Turner 301 

I'ride,  John  W 188,  '204 

Priest,  L.  A 615 

I'riest,  VV.  H 616 

Prior.G.  H 615 

Proebl, Charles  616 

I'rohl.  Henrv 337 

Provan.  J.  J 616 

!*utnam  (ieori^e  VV 185 

Putnant.Capt.  Henry  R 189 

Quinn,  Mrs.  Maty  Louisa 2'26 

Quiiin.  Peter 175,222,359 

Qnidy,  Peter 016 

yuady,  Robert 616 


x>    ■    ,       T,   .  PAGE 

Raiche,  Peter 294 

Radiutz.  F 337 

Rainey,  Thomas  G 616 

Ramsey,  Hon.  Alexander  ...  131, 

„       ,    „    „      .        '3  ,  14.5,  1.5.3,  178,  247 

Randall,  Benjamin  H ]83 

Rank,  John  P 617 

Rankin,  LS  igg 

Riiukiiig,  Christian '..'.""  321 

Rantonl.  Itobert 177  36I 

Kaths,  N  . "617 

Rauen,  Jacob 517 

Rauen,  Peter 017 

Ranse,  William  H "  \<ts 

Raymond.  Thomas...  617 

Raymenton.  L.   VV 617 

Rea,  John  P 186,481,  617 

Reacbi^  Joseph 175,  339 

Rees.  Gxustavus 618 

Kees.R  oig 

Reeves.  .J.W 301 

Relll.  LouiS 618 

Kp!!].  A.  M 185,661',  618 

Reid,  F.  M CIS 

Reid,  i,.M v.::::''  s\l 

Reid.  Wm.  R e  s 

Reidhead,  P.  W "    ' '  1x4 

lieinking,  Frederich 301 

Reiser,  George 975 

Reiser,  Joseph  B ""  975 

Rey,  Michael v,\ 

Rhnart.  S.T \\',',',  gig 

Rice,  Hon.  Edward 160,176.  487 

Rice,  E.  A ;.        184 

Rice.  Hon.  HenrvM..l47, 1.56,176  377 
Rich,  Elijah  •>,>■, 

Rich;s.M :':'"  iit 

Ri  hards,  Edmond  A 019 

Richardson,  Jesse 213 

Ricliardsou,  .!.  N ^14 

Richardson.  Tliomas '   ^14 

Richter,  C.  H '  J;|q 

Rideont.  F.  (; 6><) 

Itiggs,  Rev.  Stephen  R 13s,  172 

Riley,  Mall  hew  o 237 

Riley,  Rev  T.  M  519 

Ring,  Rev.  Jolin ' . .  619 

RiiiKer,  Andrew 619 

Ritchie,  Peter \'_\\  236 

Rober,  Lewis ."  6'^o 

Robert,  A 307 

Robert,  Henry "_[  327 

Robert.  Louis "  143 

Roberts,  Albert 316 

R'berts,  Wm.  P '  g^o 

Robertson.  James  \  gio 

Robertson.  James  Iv 246 

Robert«on.  L.  It    .,,[  620 

Robinson.  Alfred  H  '  246 

Itobinson.  A.  C 6''0 

Robinsim,  Charles  170  oil 

Robinson,  Charles  N    ijiji 

Robinson,!).!^ 820 

Robinson,  E.  A 176,303,  306 

Robinson,  (ieorge  R igg 

Robinson,  K  213 

Robinson.  S.C 621 

Roihl,  Nichola.s 337 

Roeller,  M 621 

Roemer,  Mrs.  Eliza,! 002 

Roger.s,  B.  C 621 

Rogers,  G.  D Rof 

Rogers.  N  621 

Rogers,  Richard 622 

Rog>-rs,  Ricliard  C  622 

Rohlling.  Frederick 246 

Eollius,  Capt.  .tohn...l78.  ISO,  183 

365,  .368,  487,  494,  631,  622 

Rollins.  M.  B  6'.;3 

Itoliit,  Rev.  Charles      215 

Rolph,  W.T ;  623 

Rondo,  Joseph 359 

Roots,  J.W 623 

Rosaiuler.  A.  J 276 

Itosbach,  Nic.  A .'.'  62;) 

Rose.  A.  S.  F 623 

Ross,  Samuel ig4 

Rosser.  Gen.  T.  L 623 

Roth.  Barney 624 

Roth.  11.  A 624 

Jtothaker.  Ghas.  L '.  624 

Itoths,  Janol) 33g 

Rongier.  Nelson "  2.17 

Rouse,  W.  H 185 


712 


INDEX. 


PAGE 
KnWP.  r.  H ti-'4 

UiimiH,  Aiii;ii><t  H  B-'4 

Knssell,  Alheit  W G25 

Kiisseli,  I.ifiu.J.  B.  F 134.  177 

Kll^scll,  K,  v..  17(i,  :i59.3Cn,4S7,.'i:».  iv'4 

Kiissi-11  C^  |>t.  William  F 1S4,  2a5 

Kust.Oci).  H  BL'5 

K\Mn,.r"liii  W 625 

R\an,  I'Mlrick  A 221 

Kvaii.  S.W  625 

Kvlii'l}.'.  .Inliii 625 

Salhula.H.  R 626 

Siilzeder,  Kev.  Louis 626 

Sihshurv.  Dr.  A.  H 626 

Sali.sbiiiv.  T.  <;  6i6 

SHirple.Ki-v.  R.  F 626 

Saiiiiisi.il,  I,.  F 2.'J5 

Saiii|is(iii,  Waiien 2il4 

Saiilioni.  A 627 

Smilioni.C.  B 3.51 

KaiibHin.Cii.n.  Jolin  B...132,  134,  104 

Samlcrs.N.H 2.57 

SaiMihdrt.  AiitnistF S.W 

SandlKitr.  H.-rnian  A 338 

Sa  1 1  crl.-i-.  Rev.  W.  \V 627 

Savacf.N    W 627 

Savdii.  Jiiliii 627 

Sawti-llp,  Alcmzo 213 

Sfaie-i.  Eiiward  A —  221 

Sciifii'ld,.!.  I> 230 

Sd.lield.  M.F 628 

Scliiitii-ld.  Miss  Mar.vA 182 

Srnit.  Haivv   E  256 

Siott  Ht'iiiv  H 62!) 

Scdtt.  tien.VVinfleld 163 

Sdiaar,  Anion 276 

Hidlaal'.  JdSeph 276 

Scliac'fer,  .Tacob 186 

Scharcrs.  Albeit t27 

Sella  if.  v\ln 628 

Scheillin  G 627 

Scliellmn'    A 628 

Si-liert',  (  liarles 628 

Scliifbi-.Carl  Sr 338 

Scblfiiei-.  .liilHi  A 628 

Schiiii'dcinan.   Paul 628 

Scliniidt,  Cliailes 628 

Srbmidl.   FiedcTick.  H.  B 338 

Scliinidl.  Fritz 297 

Scliinilz,  Hennis    187,338 

ScMineidei-,  Kev.J 628 

Scll(lb.T,    A   628 

Suliiickweilcr,  Jolin 629 

Srbieiber,  Chi isuan 292 

Sclirodi-r.  Fred 629 

Scbnieiiberg.  Josepli 629 

Sclinelte.  Fred 321 

Sebniler.  I'eler 284 

Solinize,  Henry 62!) 

Seanians,  Silas  A 2.56 

SebiiSki,  .Iiilm 184 

Secdinbe,  David  A 184,  186,  149 

Sep^;er.  William 158 

SeHev.l.C 629 

Seidell.  H.  E 629 

.Si-i'nion,  Geo 629 

Setzler.  Geo 292 

Sbanlon.  Edwaid  D 246 

Shatlo,  C.  W 630 

Sliaver,  Bavard  T 246 

Sbaver,  Beniaid  G 246 

Si'baver,  Eiiiridge  A    24B 

Shaver,  .Fames 176 

Shaver.  James  Jr 2.18 

Shaver.  Sarah  C 246 

Shaw,  Geo.  K 630 

Shiiw.  J.  M 6.-0 

Sheehan.  Lleirt,  T,  .1 137 

Slieldc.n,  l!ev.CliailesB.,184, 186,  256 

Slie  lev.  AVm.   H 141 

Shepherd,  N 352 

Shipp.ird,  Dr.  Mark  H 276 

Sherlmnie,  M If5 

Sherburne  &  White 630 

Sherwood,  .John  W 630 

Sherwood.  M.  R  630 

Shook.  Nonnau 265 

Shoop.  A.  D 284 

Shi e« slimy.  Frank 267 

Slnewsl  uri,  Irwin 184,  265 

Shnek.Dr.  A.  W 276 

Shuler,  B.  P 214,  Kll 

Sluiler,  R  G 6tl 

Shumacher,  H 276 


TAGR 

Slmmwav,  J.  P 284 

Sihlev,  Gov.  H.  H.,  129.  l.W,  14.5, 

150,  162,  171,  176,  366 

Sidle.  H.G 397,  426.  41!1 

Sidle.  J.  K 397,  426,  4l:i 

Slevers.  F 631 

Simoii-on.  P 631 

Siniiison,  William 2;i6 

Siinjisnii.  riionias 329 

Sipe.  Epliriam 316 

Skinner.  C.  ,M 6.n 

Skinner.  L.J 631 

Skinner.O.  B 631 

Slaler,  (4.  A 2.56 

Slaler.  Geoiu'e 306 

Sloan.  Thomas 631 

Shicnni.  Franic 186 

Sly.  (iilhert 221 

Slv.  William  W 631 

Small,  f 352 

Smart,  r.  H 632 

Sinait,  Robert  J 292 

Sniihi,  ,1.  L 221 

Smilll.   Albee 186,  22.5,  632 

Andrew  J 18.5,  2ii2 

Col.  B.  F 145.  146 

C.  A 3.52 

C.  H 632 

Chas   W 186,  632 

De  Witt  Clinton 187,  297 

Delano  T 184 

E.  M 633 

F.  L 632 

G  eorpe 633 

Fieeman,  H 221 

(Jeoifie 633. 

GeoineF 633 

Ge.'iKeH 292 

G.  W 267 

Harris  N 292 

J.  A 633 

Jason  W 633 

J.  R 633 

James .352 

Smilll,  Nils 352 

Smith.  Hon.  Robert 372 

Smilh.Tbeo.  "W 6.33 

Snelhng,  .John    176 

Siielliiif;.  Col.  Joslah 163 

Sinder.  C.  L 633 

Snyder,  S.    P 6.34 

Sonnen.  Joseph 6;t4 

Spattord,  Eii« aid 292 

Spafford .  .1.  D 277 

Spattord,  W.  A 277 

Spanldinpc,  Z.  D 256 

Spanldnif;,  W.  A 634 

Spear, Charles  H 204 

Spear,  Edward  Jr 634 

Speek.  R 634 

Spi-nce.  Baptist .360 

Speneer,  Geo.  H 138 

Spillane.  David 634 

Slahr,  J.H 634 

Stammwiiz,  Carl  G 635 

Stanehtield.  Daniel 177,  184 

Standish.  F.  G 230 

Slankard,  George  M 246 

Stanley.  E.  R 223 

Stansfield. James 221 

Stanton,  Dr.  Nathan 233 

Staling,  John  H 237 

SlariiiK,  Jonas 237 

Stebbins  CM 6.35 

Slebbms,  Ed.  S 635 

Steele,  E.  H 638 

Steele,  Fianklin.  163, 174. 177,  18.5, 

216.  3.58,  364,  369,  488,  494,  635 

Steele.  Franklin  Jr 638 

Steftes,  Nick 638 

Slephens.  J.  F 638 

Sletson,  Frank  L...  638 

Stetson.  H.  A 639 

Stetson,  W.  C 492.  639 

Stevens,  Charles  T ..  183 

Stevens,  Col.   John   H.,  147,  1T3, 

1';.  183,  186,  248,  362,  371,  480,  639 

Stevens,  Rev.  J.  D 171 

Stevens,  Miss  Lucy 171 

Sieveiis,  Frank 639 

Stevens,  R.  S 187 

Sleven^,  Simon 176,238 

Stevens,  William 292 

Stewart,  A 216 


lA  GE 

Stewart.  Barnard  C 237 

Slew  a  It.  Rev.  Daniel 639 

Mewait.  L.  M 640 

Siiiison.  Waieraian 374 

Siinison.C.  F 6t0 

Slockt.  11,  E.H.   640 

S'one.  A 640 

Sionjih.  Samuel 176,  212 

Slowcil.F.  M.   184 

Slraiiaban.  J.  F (Hi 

Stroi'jr.  John  H 185 

Slroihmaii,  E.  E 640 

Slroiiinian.  J.  H 641 

Stroiit.Capl.Riehard.147, 186,  213,  51,2 

Sinblis.C.  R  277 

Slnblis.  Henry 277 

Si\ner.  Daniel  S 267 

Sullivan.  Daniel 641 

Siill\,  (ion.  Alfred 134,  1.53 

Sully,  .lames  187 

Si  1  inner.  Elmer  H 641 

Sulherland.  Bvron 641 

Snllon.  W.  D 641 

Sverdrnp.  (ieorge 641 

Svkes.  E.  T 642 

Swanberir.  N.  P 641 

Swaiison.  C.  .1  356 

Sweiisen.  Piter  P 641 

Swittt.  O.  T 642 

Swiek.  .losepU 642 

Taniin,  J.  W 642 

Taopi.  Indian 150 

Tapper.  Capt.  John,.  .177,  352,  369,  375 

Tale.  Melvm  C W2 

Tamiies,  Adam ' 267 

Tant;;es.  Peter 268 

Ta\lor,  A.  B 642 

Tayloi.  Arnold  W     364 

Tavlor.B.  1 642 

Taylor,  F.  C 643 

Taylor.  H.  B 368 

Teas,  Gibson  277 

Temsteot,  Johannes 643 

Tenant.  I'.  E 643 

Tennant.t;.  H 643 

Tenny.John  1 186 

Terrv,  (Jen.  Alfred  H 162 

Tidd,  Isaiah 644 

Tilleny.  L 3.52 

Tirreli,  Cheslev  B 185,  204,  237 

Tiiikelpaimh.  J.  B 645 

Tissot.  Rev.  Feli.N 645 

Tilteriid.E.  M 645 

Titus.  O.  H &45 

Tharalson,  A 185,  643 

Tliaver,  A.  A 292 

Tlia\er,  Rev.  Charles 265 

1  haver,  Divid  B 297 

Tlayer,  Samuel  R 186 

Theobald,  Louis 643 

Tliibodean,  B 643 

Theilen.  Charles 643 

Thirv, Frank 3.56 

TlKimas.Col.  Minor  T 151,  199 

Thomley,  Anthoney 644 

Thomson,  Auglistili 266 

Thompson,  A.  P 223 

Thompson,  Clark  W 147 

Thompson.  E.  P 644 

Thompson.  J.,  Jr 185 

Thompson,  John 644 

Tlioiiipsou,.John 644 

Thompson,  J.H 644 

Thiniipson,  .1.  M 644 

Thompson,  Nathaniel  K 186 

Tliompson.R.  B 644 

Thompson, T 644 

Thorhdike.  Francis 184 

ThoJiiton.  Fiank  M 214 

Thinner,  G.  W 187 

Todd.  Julius  C 645 

Todd.  R.  C 645 

Tollelson.A 645 

Tornqvi-t,  G.  E 646 

Tuscany.  I, 645 

Tonslev.O.V 186,  6t6 

Towers,  F.  E 646 

Toweis,  S. I  646 

Toweis,  S.  1 646 

Towne,  L.  M 645 

To«iisend,G.  B 646 

Townseiiil,  Geo.  W 213 

Townsend,  Henrv,  Jr 213 

Towusend,  Henry 186.  213 


INDEX. 


(13 


PAGE 

Townsend,  Miss  Mary 214 

Towiiseiul,  Robert 213 

Townsenil,  William  H 184 

Ti  acy,  C.  W 646 

Traeger,  August 646 

Trott,  William 327 

Trussel,  J.  H 301 

TscluiiJy.  J.  J 293 

Tuckey,  E.  A 237 

Turner,  P.  H 250 

Turnhani,  .1 277 

Turtle,  Calvin  A.,  173, 176, 184, 238,  361 

370,  373,  4911 

Twomblev,  Abraliani 306 

Twist.J.  D 277 

Tyler,  E 307 

Tyler,  James  A :  647 

Tvler,T.  S 647 

rtulerwooo,  A.  J ISH,  205 

Uehind,  A 647 

Uusyaard,  John 647 

rpham,  Krankliii 047 

Upton,  Charles  H  047 

Cpton.  K.  1' W7 

\'ail,  (;.  T 548,  6S0 

Valentine,  A.  T Gol 

\'alcntine,  L.  D 651 

Vaugsnes.  O.  1* 650 

Van  Cleve,  Charlotte,  0 648 

Van  Cleve,  Gen.  Horatio  P..  .133, 

134,  191,  494,  468,  648 

Van  Cleve.  S.  H 6,50 

Van  der  llorck,  Capt.  J 148 

Vanderburgh,  Hon.   Charles  K, 

185,  470,  487,  488,  651 

Vanhorn,  Milo 651 

Van  Ness,  (iarrittJr 230 

Van  Vest,  Hiram 353 

Van  Valkenburg,  Henry 6.51 

Van  Valkenberg,  N.  C 651 

Veine.  John 302 

Von  .Minden,  Capt 134 

Vorwerk,  Louis 651 

Wabasha,  {Indi,an,) 150 

Wagner,  Leonard 284 

Wales  Bros.,  Arthur  &  Phillip. .    6.52 

Walcs.C.  E 6.52 

Wales,  W.  W.  Jr 293,  6.52 

Walke.C.B 653 

Wal  ker,  K.  C 653 

\\  alker,  (;.  F 653 

Walker,  J.  G 653 

Walker, Johns 186 

Walker,  Maj.  L.  0 147,  181 

Wal  ker,  T.  B 652 

Wall.Mr.s.  John 653 

Walsh, E.F 277 


PACK 

Walsh,  Mathew 663 

Walter,  John 653 

Walton,  Swan , 6.53 

Wamboldt.A.W 277 

Ward,  Charles  H 187,  293 

Warner,  Geo.  F 653 

Warner,  N.  F 6.54 

Warwick,  Thomas 293 

Washburn,  John 054 

Washburn,  Hon.  W.  D.. 184,  481, 

475,  654 

Washburn,  William  P 654 

Washington,  (ieorge 208 

Watkins,  Samuel 176 

Watson,  John 654 

Weaver,  .losiah 327 

Webb,  F.  W 321 

Weidenbach.  A 208 

Weiuand,  Peter 321 

Weinant,  Peter 185 

Weinard.  Frederick 6,54 

Weingert.  Peter 655 

Weitzel,  Frank 304 

Welch, Mai 148 

Wellman,  E 297 

Welles,  H.  T.,  175,  367,  370, 370,378, 

472,  476,  6.55 

Wells,  Chas.  L 0.56 

Wells.  G.  0 655 

Wensingei-,  John 656 

Wentworth,  Frank 656 

Werthmann,  J 656 

West,E.  B 657 

West,  John 493,  6,56 

West,  Capt 134 

.  West,  William  Jr B30 

Westling,  Andrew  G 657 

Westling,  L.  J 057 

Westphal.  August 321 

Westphal.H.  A G.56 

WethernLGeorge 293 

Whalon,  Henry 222 

Whalon,  Martiu  S 222 

Whipple, J. C 142 

Whipple,  Knight  H 246 

Whipiilo,  :\liltiin 6.57 

Whilcoiiib,  I'apt.Geo.C 147,  209 

Whiteoiub,  .S.  U 6.58 

White,  Edwin 6.57 

White,  Wm.O 657 

Whitehouse,  William  T 262 

Whitney,  Franklin iSo 

Whitney,  Josepli  C 184, 198,  657 

Whitney,  O.  B 658 

Wickings,  W.  C 658 

Wilcox,  J.  F 658 


PAGE 

Wilkin,  Col.  Alexander,  151,  155, 

200   231 

Williams,  Dr.  A.  D .'293 

Williams,  DaviJ 658 

Williams,  George 6.58 

Williams,  Henry 658 

Williams,  J.  C 186 

Williams,  John  (Brooldyn) 293 

Williams,  John 268 

Williams,  Jesse  T 658 

Williams,  Martin  S 658 

Willianjs.  S.  M 6.59 

Williams,  Thomas  Hale 367 

Williamson,  J.  M 328,  655 

Williamson,  Kev.  Tlios.  S  ,  M.  D. 

138,171,  168 

Wilson,  Charles 361 

Wilson,  Eugene  M 185,  206,  409 

Wilson,  G.  B 059 

Wilson,  Horace 187,214 

Wilson,  John 659 

Wilson,  Jos.  P 659 

Wilson,  M.D 6.59 

Wilson,  W 214 

Wilmot,  L.  B 328 

Winchell,N.  H 555,  659 

Wing,  Uev.  K.  W 660 

Wing,  Thomas 660 

Winnell.  P 184 

Winter,  Henry  T 660 

Witbeck,  Stephen  L 214 

Witt,  Charles  284 

Wold,  O.  G 661 

Wolf ,  Anton 284 

Wolf,  Jacob 237 

Wolter,  Christian 293 

Wolverton  Jacob 186, 489,  661 

Woodbury,  C.T 185 

Woodburv,  Uwight 184 

Woodbury,  H . . .' 367 

Woods,  C.  H 488,  661 

Woods,  M 661 

Woodward,  D 257 

Woodward,  E.  J 213 

Woodward,  W.  W 213,  346 

Woodworth.  E.  P 328 

Woolley,  John  G 661 

Wooster,  Dr.  S.  J 277 

Worrall.  James  C 601 

Young,  Judge  A .  H 1 85,  488,  GG2 

Young,  James  D 314,  376 

Younger  Boys 1.59 

York.K.  W 601 

Zahner,  Frank 002 

Zeron,  Nathanial, 602 

Zirbes,  William 284 


DATE  DUE 

GAYLORD 

PRINTED  IN  U.S.A. 

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